We now have a 4-month-old mouse that doesn't get type 1 diabetes," he added. Dr. Ehud Ur, a professor of medicine at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the chair of the scientific and clinical section of the Canadian Diabetes Association, reminded that the research is in its early stages. As with other experts, he is sceptical that diabetes can be cured, and says the new findings are not relevant to patients with type 1 diabetes. On Monday, Sara Danius, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy of Letters, Sciences and Arts, which awards the Nobel Prize in Literature, announced live on Sweden's Sveriges Radio that the academy had given up trying to contact Bob Dylan in relation to his winning the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had not responded to the academy's attempts to contact him. Danius said, "Now we're not doing anything. I've called and e-mailed the people I'm closest to and have received an outpouring of warm responses. For now, that's enough." Ring's founder and CEO, Jamie Siminoff, has said the company was born out of frustration at not being able to hear the doorbell at his apartment. He made a wireless doorbell, he said. Siminoff said sales had increased since appearing on the show in 2013, when the panel of investors on Shark Tank rejected his pitch for funding. In late 2017, Siminoff appeared on the shopping channel QVC. The Ring has reached a settlement in its patent infringement suit against the security company ADT Corp. Although one experimental vaccine has shown some success in protecting monkeys against Ebola, there are currently no proven treatments for infected humans. One of the experimental antibodies, ZMapp, initially showed promising results in animal testing, but formal studies showed it was far from effective in actually preventing deaths. While the PALM trial is ongoing, ZMapp is being used as a treatment of last resort and scientists are using it as a benchmark against which to compare the other three drugs. The United States Gymnastics Federation is supporting the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee and the athletes' need for an independent safe environment. We agree with the USOC's statement that we can best serve our athletes and clubs, and the sports they compete in, by continuing the work we are doing to strengthen our organization, rather than a complete change of leadership. The U.S. Gymnastics team is supporting an independent investigation that could reveal the extent of Larry Nassar's abuse and how it went undetected for so long by the organization. USA Gymnastics and JO have the same goal, which is to provide a safe environment for athletes to pursue their dreams of competing at the highest levels of the sport. In the 1960s, Brzezinski was an aide to President John F. Kennedy and later served on the staff of President Lyndon B. Johnson. In the 1976 election he advised Carter on foreign policy, and later served as national security adviser from 1977 to 1981, succeeding Henry Kissinger. As a member of the NSA, he helped Carter navigate the world of diplomacy, including the Camp David Accords in 1978, which normalized relations between the U.S. and China in the 1970s, the Iranian Revolution that led to the Iran hostage crisis in 1979, and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The film, starring Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone, received nominations in all of the major categories. Gosling and Stone each received nominations for Best Actor and Best Actress. Other categories included Best Picture, Best Director, Cinematography, Costume Design, Film Editing, Original Score, Production Design, Sound Editing and Sound Mixing. Two songs from the film, "Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" and "City of Stars," are nominated for best original song. Lionsgate has a total of 26 nominations, more than any other studio. On Friday, U.S. President Donald Trump, in a press conference announcing the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, said U.S. forces were "coming home." The announcement came after Trump had a phone call with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Turkey will also take over the control of the Islamic State prisoners currently in custody of the Syrian Democratic Forces, of which the European countries are not agreeing to their repatriation. This confirms not only that some dinosaurs had feathers, a widely accepted theory, but adds new details about their appearance that cannot be gleaned from fossils, such as color and three-dimensional structure. Scientists say that the feathers of these birds are brownish grey on top with a pale or yellowish base. The study also shed new light on the evolution of down feathers in birds. Because the feathers of the dinosaurs were not attached to bones, they were called scales, but had the characteristics of feathers - barbs and barbules - the researchers concluded that the development of the other features of the feathers came later in the dinosaurs' evolution. The structure of the feathers suggests they were not used for flight but more for temperature regulation or display. The researchers suggested, however, that the young dinosaur's tail was covered in juvenile feathers, not adult. The researchers suggested, however, that the young dinosaur had a juvenile feathered tail, rather than a downy one like a baby bird. A car bomb exploded at the police headquarters in the Turkish city of Gaziantep yesterday, killing two police officers and injuring more than twenty other people. Officials said eighteen of the injured were police officers. Police said they suspect a member of the Daesh (ISIL) militant group was responsible for the attack. They found that stars give off light in a similar way to how other stars give off light. The activities of all the stars in the system were affected by the gravitational pull of the other stars. Fluxes and circulations are used together to determine Rossby numbers, which are associated with plasma flows. The smaller the number of Rossby, the weaker the magnetic field. Things didn't go according to plan for Iwasaki. He's been mauled by sharks, bitten by rabies-infected dogs in Tibet, lost in the jungles of Nepal and arrested in India. Standard 802.11n operates on both the 2.4Ghz and 5.0Ghz bands. This will allow it to be backward compatible with 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g, provided that the base station has two radios. The 802.11n standard is much faster than older models with theoretical maximum speeds of up to 600 Mbit/s. Duvall, who has been married and has two grown children, did not immediately return calls seeking comment. When asked for comment, Miller said, "Mike was talking a lot during the entire rally...I didn't catch what he said." We will strive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by no less than 65 percent from 2005 levels by 2020," Hu said. He did not put a figure on the proposed cuts, saying they would be based on China's economic size. Hu called on countries to build "a new type of international relations with a view to avoiding Thucydides's Trap." She added: "They are not being asked to do more with less; they are being asked to do the impossible." Iraq's Independent Higher Commission for Elections had been scheduled to announce the results at 12:00 GMT today. It warned that no one can predict what will happen in Iraq now that the Islamic State has lost most of the territory it once held and is facing an array of challenges. The report was released with a request for an open debate and the formation of a U.S. commission on the Middle East. The report is highly critical of nearly every aspect of the existing U.S. policy on Iraq and calls for a complete overhaul. The first of his 78 proposals was a new diplomatic initiative that he said should take place by year's end to press Iraq's neighbors to help ensure that its territory is not used as a launching pad for attacks and to rebuild diplomatic relations with neighboring countries. Former president and current Senator Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner announced her candidacy for the presidency yesterday in La Plata, a city 50 kilometers (31 miles) from Buenos Aires. Ms. Kirchner announced her intention to run for president at the Argentine Theatre, the same location where she launched her campaign for the Senate in 2005 as a member of the Buenos Aires provincial delegation. The debate has been touched off in part by the controversy over the cost of aid and reconstruction after Hurricane Katrina; some conservative financial analysts have labeled it the "Bush's New Orleans Deal." Criticism of rebuilding efforts has focused on contract awards without competitive bidding to help friends and acquaintances in Washington. More than four million people have flocked to Rome to pay their respects. The presence of so many people would have made it impossible for everyone to file into St. Peter's Square. Several large television screens were placed around the Rome arena so that people without tickets could watch. In many other Italian and world cities, similar preparations are being made, especially in Poland, where a large number of people are expected. Historians have criticized the FBI in the past for inflating the number of solved cases, especially rape cases, in order to bolster the agency's success rates. Congress began funding the initiative in fiscal year 2005 and required that the FBI dedicate 10 agents to combating adult pornography. Robin Uthappa scored the highest innings of the match with 70 runs off 41 balls with 11 fours and 2 sixes. Midway through the innings, legends Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid provided the impetus with a century stand. But, after losing the wicket of the captain, India were reduced to 36 for 7, and were eventually all out for 79. U.S. President George W. Bush arrived in Singapore early on November 16, marking the start of a week-long tour of Asia. He was warmly received by Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Wong Kan Seng and they discussed trade and investment with Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. Following several weeks of setbacks on the campaign trail, Bush told the crowd about his vision for U.S. trade relations with Asia. Prime Minister Stephen Harper has agreed to re-introduce the government's controversial "tough on crime" legislation for debate, before a second reading, after a 25-minute meeting Tuesday afternoon with NDP Leader Jack Layton in his PMO office. Layton has called for a complete overhaul of the Tories' green agenda during a meeting with the PM, demanding a "full and final rewrite" of the Conservatives' green policies. Since the federal government moved to take over the funding of the Mersey Hospital in Devonport, Tasmania, the state government and local members have been critical of the legislation as a pre-emptive strike ahead of the November state election. However, Prime Minister John Howard argued that the move was necessary to protect public hospitals from being downgraded by the Tasmanian Government, which would have cost an extra $45 million. According to the latest reports, tsunami waves have been observed. Some activity has been noted around Pago Pago and Niue. No damage or injuries were reported in Tonga, but communications were knocked out for several hours, which prevented the Tongan authorities from receiving the tsunami warning issued by PTWC. Fourteen schools were closed for the day in Hawaii on Wednesday due to a threat that was later deemed to be unfounded. U.S. President George W. Bush welcomed the announcement. Bush spokesman Gordon Johndroe called the North's declaration a "significant first step toward achieving the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula." The tenth storm of the Atlantic hurricane season, Tropical Storm Jerry, has formed in the Atlantic today. The National Hurricane Center says as of now, Jerry is not a threat to any land areas. U.S. engineers had estimated that 6 inches of rain could cause serious damage to the already-weakened levees. The Ninth Ward, which was devastated by flooding up to 20-feet deep during Hurricane Katrina, is now at risk as the levee system has been breached. Water cascades over a 100-foot cliff. Commons administrator Adam Cuerden expressed his dismay at the deletion when he discussed it with Wikinews last month. Wales has basically lied to us from the start. First, he pretended this was about legislation. Second, he pretended he was listening to us until he punched us in the face." The public outcry over the site's sexual content has led to efforts to create a basic framework for age-appropriate content on the site that is home to millions of child-friendly videos. Most of the work has been theoretical, but the program was written to simulate observations of the Sagittarius galaxy. The effects are caused by the gravitational pull of the Milky Way's neighboring galaxies. The Moon's gravity pulls on the Earth and causes the tides, just as Bima Sakti's gravity pulls on the Sagittarius Galaxy. Scientists have discovered that black holes can devour other black holes in the same way that normal black holes do. The theory says that the dark matter is spread through the entire galaxy in a halo, and is made up of trillions and trillions of tiny particles. Television footage showed thick white smoke pouring from the plant. Local authorities have warned people living near the plant to stay indoors, shut windows and avoid drinking tap water. Japan's nuclear agency says radioactive cesium and iodine have been detected at the plant. Officials have speculated that this leak indicates that the containment vessel at the site may have cracked and is leaking. Dr. Tony Moll encountered a case of extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis, or XDR-TB, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. In a press conference, he said the new variant "is a cause for great concern because of its high death toll." Some patients may have been infected in the hospital, Dr. Moll said, and at least two were health care workers at the hospital. In the course of a year, an infected person can pass the virus on to 10 to 15 close contacts. However, the percentage of XDR-TB cases among all TB patients remains low; 6,000 of South Africa's 330,000 TB patients were diagnosed with XDR-TB in the past year. Both satellites, which weigh more than 1,000 pounds each and are traveling about 17,500 miles per hour, will pass within about 491 miles of each other above Earth. Scientists say the impact of the breach is likely to be significant. They are still trying to figure out the extent of the damage and how widespread it is. The U.S. Navy's strategic sealift fleet is taking a hit. The decision to release the analysis will be posted on the department's website. A doctor who worked at Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, will be charged with murder in the death of his mother, who was found dead in her home on Wednesday, according to Ohio authorities. Dr. Malar Balasubramanian, 29, was found dead in Blue Ash, Ohio, about 15 miles north of Cincinnati, on the side of the road wearing a T-shirt and sweatpants with an apparent drug overdose. He directed officers to his car, a black Oldsmobile Intrigue, about 500 feet away. There, they found the body of 53-year-old Saroja Balasubramanian covered in blood on a mattress. Police said the body had been there for a day. The first cases of the illness for this season were reported in late July. The disease is transmitted by pigs, and then passed on to humans through fleas. The outbreak has prompted the Indian government to take steps including sending in pig catchers and distributing thousands of anti-malarial drugs and mosquito nets in the affected areas. Hundreds of millions of doses of a potential vaccine against Japanese encephalitis have been promised by the government, which could help prepare health authorities for next year's expected surge. Plans to send vaccines to the hardest-hit areas this year were delayed because of funding shortfalls and a lower priority given to other diseases. In 1956 Słonia moved to Sweden, where three years later he started working for the Swedish Post Office and eventually became chief engraver. He has produced more than 1,000 stem cells transplants for patients in Sweden and another 28 countries. His work was of such a high standard and detailing that he is regarded as a celebrity among philatelists: some specialise in collecting his work alone. Its 1,000th stamp was the "Great Deeds of Swedish Kings" issued in 2000 by David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl, which is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. He has also been commissioned to carve bank notes for various countries, most recently the portraits on the front of the new $5 and $100 Canadian bank notes. After the accident, Gibson was taken to hospital where he died a short time later. The 64-year-old driver of the car was unhurt in the crash. The vehicle had been switched off at the scene of the crash at about 1200 BST on Friday. A worker at the neighboring garage said: "There were children waiting to cross the road who were shouting and crying." They all ran back to where it happened. Other issues on the agenda at Bali include saving the world's remaining rainforests and sharing green technologies that can help developing countries reduce emissions. The United Nations hopes to secure a fund to help developing countries deal with the effects of global warming. The money can be used to put in place flood defences at homes, improve drainage and plant trees. Fluke wrote about several attempts by some parties to prevent women from talking about women's health but to no avail. He came to that conclusion, in part, because of the positive comments and support from both men and women who said contraceptives should be considered a necessity. When the battle ended and the wounded were taken away, about 40 of the animals were left roaming the grounds and refused to go back to their enclosures. Diplomats are trying to work out the details of when and under what conditions the hostages might be released. Between 10:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. MDT, the fire was started by a resident in the area. Officers were soon on the scene armed with riot gear and gas masks. Firefighters actually contained the blaze at 11:35 p.m. After the dam was built in 1963, the seasonal flooding that would have carried sediment downstream was stopped. These sediments are crucial to the formation of sand dunes and beaches, which act as a habitat for wildlife. As a result, two fish species became locally extinct, and another two species of fish became locally extinct, including the grey nurse shark. Although the water level is expected to rise several feet after the rains, officials hope it will be enough to replenish the sandy beach that has been eroded away by the river. No tsunami warning has been issued and according to Jakarta's geophysics agency, no tsunami is expected because the magnitude was below 6.5. Although no tsunami threat exists, residents are beginning to panic and are starting to evacuate their businesses and homes. Although Winfrey was teary-eyed throughout the entire interview, she assured viewers that she will be back. This is not a farewell. It is the closing of one chapter and the opening of another." The final results of Namibia's presidential and parliamentary elections showed incumbent Hifikepunye Pohamba won with an overwhelming majority. The ruling party, the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) has a majority in parliament. Friendly forces and Afghanistan's own troops are on the ground in the area to secure the crash site, and other friendly aircraft have been sent to help. The accident happened in the mountainous region, and is believed to be due to a fire. Attempts to find the crash site were hampered by bad weather and rugged terrain. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Doctors Without Borders and the World Health Organization have described the outbreak as the worst in the country's history. A spokesman for Medecins Sans Frontieres, Richard Veerman, said: "Things are going from bad to worse in Angola," he said. The game started at 10:00 in the morning with beautiful weather and after some early morning rain, it was a perfect day for sevens rugby. The top-ranked South Africans got off to a good start when they took a 26-0 lead into the break against fifth-ranked Zambia. The South Africans looked disjointed at times against their southern neighbors, but they improved as the match went on. Their physicality, their scrummaging, their maul, their kicking game, it's a tough side to play against and it's clear they are a well-drilled outfit. Officials from the City of Amsterdam and the Anne Frank House announced that the tree had been infected and posed a public health risk due to falling branches. It was scheduled to be cut on Tuesday, but was saved after an emergency court hearing. All the entrances to the caves, which are known as the "Seven Sisters", are between 100 and 250 metres (328 and 820 feet) apart in a straight line. Infrared images distinguish the temperature differences between day and night, revealing where caves are likely to be. They are cooler than the surface during the day and warmer at night. Its volcanic activity is not as stable as the large volcanoes on Earth that often keep a fairly constant temperature, but it is consistent with the fact that the hole is quite deep in the ground," said Glen Cushing of the U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Team at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, Arizona. Traditionally in France, voting is a low-tech experience: voters are isolated in booths, from which they can emerge only to place their ballot paper in the designated box. After the officer verifies your identity, you are allowed to place your ballot in the ballot box and sign the voter roll. France's election laws clearly dictate the result. Since 1988, voting machines have been required to produce a paper record so that voters and observers can verify that there is no secret ballot and that only the votes cast by registered voters are counted. Candidates may send representatives to observe the entire process. In the afternoon, the count is done by volunteers under the supervision of officials, according to a predetermined procedure. The US-based ASUS Eee PC, which launched a global wave of ultra-low-cost PCs and factors, made headlines in 2007 at the Taipei IT Month. But the computer hardware market was radically altered and changed forever after ASUS won the Taiwan Excellence Award in 2007, which was presented by the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The station's website describes the show as a "stylish old-time radio play with a twist!" In its initial stages, the show was only being webcast on the long-established internet radio station TogiNet Radio, which specialises in talk radio. In the late 2010s, TogiNet established AstroNet Radio as a subsidiary. The show originally featured the local East Texas amateur talent. Protests that had been peaceful during the day turned violent at night, as riot police were not seen on the streets of the capital, Bishkek. Bishkek is described as "anarchic" by one observer, with groups of people roaming the streets and looting stores. Some residents of Bishkek have blamed the violence on pro-Russian sentiment. South Africa has defeated the All Blacks (New Zealand) in the final match of the Tri Nations rugby union competition at the Royal Bafokeng Stadium in Rustenburg, South Africa. The final score was a one-point win, 21-20, which ended a 15-match winning streak for the All Blacks. It ended a five-game losing streak for the Springboks. It is the last match for the All Blacks, who won the cup two weeks ago. The series finale will be played at Ellis Park in Johannesburg next Saturday, when the Springboks take on Australia. A minor earthquake shook western Montana at 10:08 p.m. on Monday. No immediate reports of damage were received from the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Earthquake Information Center. The epicenter was about 20 miles (15 kilometers) north-northeast of Dillon and 65 miles (105 kilometers) south of Butte. The deadly H5N1 bird flu virus has been detected in wild ducks for the first time in France, the country's agriculture ministry said on Monday, in an area near the city of Lyon in the west of the country. France is the seventh EU country to be hit by the virus; following Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy. The suspected H5N1 cases in Croatia and Denmark have yet to be confirmed. Chambers has alleged that God is responsible for "death, destruction and misery on an enormous scale in which millions of people have suffered." Chambers, an agnostic, argued that his suit was "frivolous" and "anybody could sue anybody." The story, told in the French opera by Camille Saint-Saens, is of an artist "whose life is ruled by a love of drugs and Japan". So the actors actually smoke pot on stage, and the theater itself encourages the audience to participate. Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, Texas Governor Rick Perry and Congresswoman Michele Bachmann came in fourth, fifth and sixth respectively. After the decision, Gingrich praised Santorum but criticized Romney, blaming his negative advertising campaign in Iowa that targeted Gingrich. Perry stated that he would "take a hard look at the race over the next few days and see if I can play a role in helping to defeat her in the South Carolina primary on January 21." Bachmann, who won the Ames Straw Poll in August, made the decision to end her campaign. The patient was airlifted to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, where he died. He is said to be in his 20s. In a statement, Bieber said, "Although I did not know the victim, my heart goes out to the family and all of those affected by this tragedy." The TMZ website reports that the actor stopped his car on the westbound side of the Sepulveda Boulevard, rolled down his window and tried to take a picture of the traffic jam before continuing on his way, ignoring the California Highway Patrol officer who tried to get him to return to the eastbound side of the road, twice. The driver of the car that struck the cyclist is not facing criminal charges, police said. With only fifteen points separating the top half of the leaderboard, few would have been surprised by the lack of podium finishes. They are being joined by Dutch duo Anna Jochemsen, who finished ninth in the Super-G this season, and Katja Saarinen, who is ranked 10th in the world in the event. Australian Mitchell Gourley finished 11th in the men's Super-G. Czech Republic's Oldrich Jelinek came in 15th. Arly Velasquez of Mexico finished fifth in the men's Super-G. Adam Hall of New Zealand finished ninth in the Super-G. The visually impaired Polish skier Maciej Krezel and his guide Anna Ogarzynska took third place in the Super-G. South Korea's Jong Seork Park came in 24th in the men's Super-G. UN peacekeepers landing in Haiti after the 2010 earthquake are being blamed for the cholera epidemic that has killed nearly 10,000 people. According to the suit, the remaining UN water tanks were not properly sanitized, allowing bacteria to get into the Artibonite River, one of Haiti's largest. Before the arrival of the troops, Haiti had not experienced cholera since the early 1800s. Haiti's Institute of Justice and Democracy cited a free-standing study that suggested that the UN's Nepalese peacekeeping battalion had unwittingly brought the disease to Haiti. Danielle Lantagne, an expert in infectious diseases at Harvard University, said the outbreak may be related to security measures. Hamilton confirmed that the patient, who is being treated at Howard University Hospital, is in stable condition. The patient had travelled to Nigeria, where a number of Ebola cases have been reported. Hospitals followed protocols to contain the infection, including isolating patients, and health-care workers were monitored for possible infection. Before working on The Simpsons, Simon had worked on several shows in various capacities. During the 1980s he worked on shows such as Taxi, Cheers, and The Tracey Ullman Show. In 1989 he helped create The Simpsons with Brooks and Groening, and was responsible for hiring the show's original writers. Although he gave up his own show in 1993, he has stayed on as an executive producer and continues to take in tens of millions of dollars every season. Earlier, China's state news agency Xinhua reported that an aircraft had been seized. The plane then reportedly received a bomb threat and was returned to Afghanistan, landing in Kandahar. Initial reports said the plane had been diverted to Afghanistan after an emergency landing in Ürümqi. Air traffic disruption is common in Iran, where old aircraft are operated on both commercial and military flights. International sanctions mean new planes cannot be bought. Earlier this week, a police helicopter crashed, killing three and injuring three. In July, Iran suffered its worst air disaster in living memory when a plane bound for Armenia crashed, killing all 168 people on board. In the same month, another plane crashed on landing at Mashhad airport, crashing into a wall, killing all seventeen people on board. Aerosmith canceled their next several shows on their tour. The rock group is scheduled to hit the U.S. and Canada on September 16. They canceled the show after singer Steven Tyler injured his shoulder when he fell off the stage during the band's Aug. Murray lost the first set in the match after both players had held serve. Del Potro had the advantage in the second set, but it took him seven matches to hold serve. Potro received treatment on the sideline but was able to return to the game. The show started at 8:30 p.m. local time (1500 UTC). Prominent singers from all over the country present devotional songs, or bhajans, at the feet of Shri Shyam. Sanju Sharma started the evening, followed by Jai Shankar Choudhary. [Lakka Singh] also presented a chhappan bhog bhajan, which was followed by Raju Khandelwal. Lakkha Singh then led the congregation in a bhajan. A 108-dish Chhappan Bhog (in Hinduism, a 56-item feast, including sweetmeats, fruits, nuts, delicacies, etc. offered to the deity) is served to Baba Shyam. Lakhka Singh also presented a chhappan bhog bhajan. Singer Raju Khandelwal accompanied him. During Thursday's Tokyo Game Show press conference, Nintendo president Satoru Iwata unveiled a new accessory for the company's new Revolution console. Similar to a remote control, the tracker uses two sensors located next to the user's TV to triangulate its position in 3D space. This will allow players to control actions and movements in video games by waving their hands in the air. Giancarlo Fisichella lost control of his car and crashed at the start of the race. Fellow-countryman Fernando Alonso qualified on the front row of the grid, but it ended there for the Spaniard, who crashed out shortly after the start of the race, possibly due to a faulty right front wheel. Michael Schumacher was taken out of the race not long after Alonso, due to a faulty suspension, after a series of collisions during the race. She's a beautiful singer," he said, according to the transcript. My heart sinks every time we train for this, from the bottom of my heart." About 3 minutes after launch, a camera on the spacecraft showed several pieces of debris separating from the rocket. However, they are not believed to have caused any damage to the aircraft. NASA spacecraft control manager N. Wayne Hale Jr. said the crash came "right on time." After five minutes of exposure, the winds began to pick up, reaching speeds of 70 km/h (43 mph)... thunderstorms were reported, as if the sky were being pierced by giant needles, and then gravel fell from the sky, panicking the crowd and causing them to scream and jump out of the way. I lost my brother and my cousin and there were two empty seats next to each other on the flight and people were just jumping in and taking their seats," said "Armand Versace." NHK also reported that the Kashiwazaki Kariwa nuclear power plant in Niigata had restarted a reactor. Hokuriku Electric Power Co. said there were no abnormalities at its Shika nuclear power plant in Ishikawa and that reactors 1 and 2 had been automatically shut down after the quake. An estimated 9400 homes in the area are without water and 100 are without power. Some roads were destroyed, train service was disrupted in the affected areas and Noto Airport in Ishikawa remained closed. A bomb has exploded outside a top general's office. Three more bombs exploded near government buildings in the past hour. Some reports state that the official death toll is eight, with another eight people missing; however, as of yet, there is no official confirmation of the number of casualties. Both cyanide and melamine were found in the urine samples of the animals that died after eating the contaminated feed. Both of those proteins interact with each other to form crystals that are likely to inhibit kidney function, according to the researchers. Researchers observed crystals forming in cat urine after adding melamine and cyanuric acid. The crystallographic composition of this mineral is identical to that found in damaged retinal rods when viewed with an infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). I don't know if you are aware, but most stuff from Central America comes into the country duty free. Nevertheless, fifty percent of our products are taxed through tariffs in Central American countries. We apologize. I think that's unfair; it's not right. What I would say to the general public is that you are welcome to us in the same way that we are welcome to you. California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed into law a ban on the sale or rental of violent video games to children. The proposed legislation would require violent video games sold in California to be labeled with an "18" rating and could land importers of such games in jail for up to a $1,000 fine. The Director of Public Prosecutions, Keir Starmer QC, announced this morning that both Huhne and Pryce have been charged. Huhne has resigned and will be replaced in the cabinet by the MP for Kingston upon Hull East, Ed Davey. The MP for Norfolk North, Norman Lamb, is expected to take over as business minister from Davey. Huhne and Pryce are due to appear at Westminster Magistrates' Court on February 16. The victims were identified as 25-year-old Nicholas Alden and 21-year-old Zachary Cuddeback. Cuddeback was the pilot. Edgar Veguilla suffered a hand and facial injuries, while Kristoffer Schneider required surgery on his face. The Uka weapon failed as it struck the fifth man, Schneider, who suffered a shoulder injury, temporary blindness in one eye, a broken jaw and a face rebuilt using titanium. Schneider was testifying via video link from a U.S. Air Force base in his home state. In addition to Wednesday's match, Carpanedo is scheduled to play in two individual rounds in the tournament. The first was the Slalom, in which he received a DNF for his first race. 36 of 116 competitors received the same result in that race. In the other women's event, the Giant Slalom, she is in tenth place with a combined time of 4:41.30, 2:11.60 behind the leader Claudia Loesch of Austria and 1:09.02 behind the ninth-placed Gyöngyi Dani of Hungary. Four of the five skiers in the women's team event failed to make it out of their qualifying runs, and 45 of 117 competitors in the men's giant slalom were eliminated in the first round. Madhya Pradesh police recover stolen laptops, mobiles Delhi Police Special Commissioner D K Arya said, "We have arrested five men who robbed the Swiss woman and recovered her belongings." The accused have been identified as Baba Kanjar, Bhutha Kanjar, Rampro Kanjar, Gaza Kanjar and Vishnu Kanjar. Police Inspector Chandra Shekhar Solanki said the accused appeared in court with his face covered. Although three people were inside the house at the time of the crash, none of them were hurt. However, the driver suffered a serious head injury. The scene of the crash was closed down for some time while emergency services worked to free the man from the red Audi TT. He was initially treated at the James Paget Hospital in Great Yarmouth. He was then airlifted to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge. Adekoya is due to appear at Edinburgh Sheriff Court on a charge of murder. He is currently in custody awaiting formal charges and a hearing, but evidence at the scene may have been compromised due to the leak. It is standard practice elsewhere in the UK but Scotland's justice system operates differently and the court found the photos could prejudice the case. Professor Pamela Ferguson, of the University of Dundee, said: "Journalists are at risk of being caught in the crossfire if they publish pictures and videos of suspects." The Crown Office, which is responsible for prosecutions, has now informed the press that no further comment will be made, at least until the accused appears in court. According to the leaked document, the resolution calls for the return to the pre-1967 armistice lines between Israel and the Palestinians. Other issues covered included the future of the holy city of Jerusalem, which both countries claim, and the Jordan Valley. Israel has insisted on a continuous military presence in the valley for security reasons, while the Palestinians have agreed to station troops there for only five years. The test firing of an additional warhead had been closely monitored by intelligence officials, while the test itself was assessed in terms of its success or failure. In partnership with the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, volunteers are being recruited through the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Volunteer Program. Four marksmen have been selected for the first phase of the cull, which will see them receive comprehensive training and safety briefings, according to Mick O'Flynn, Estates Manager for Park Conversation and Heritage with the NPWS. Martelly was sworn in for a new five-year term in the temporary National Assembly (CEP) of nine members yesterday. It would be his fifth CEP in four years. The Presidential Commission last month recommended the dissolution of the CEP as part of steps to prepare the country for new elections. The commission is the government's response to the widespread anti-government protests that started in October. Occasional violent protests have taken place since then in 2011. About 60 overheated iPods were reported, causing six fires and four minor burns. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) stated that they are aware of 27 incidents involving the devices. Last week, METI announced that Apple had pledged to add 34 more stores by the end of the year, but the company described the targets as "aspirational." The ministry responded by calling the Apple delay "extremely disappointing." The earthquake in the Mariana islands struck at 07:19 local time (09:19 GMT Friday). The Northern Mariana Islands' emergency management officials say no damage has been reported in the country. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center also said there were no tsunami threats. A former Philippine police officer has been detained for allegedly extorting money from Hong Kong tourists by seizing their luggage in Manila, the Philippine capital. Rolando Mendoza fired an M16 rifle at the tourists. A number of survivors have been rescued and at least six people have been killed. Six hostages, including five children and a woman, were released earlier, as well as a Filipino. The photographer then took the older woman's place because she had to get an ambulance. Mendoza was shot. Liggins followed in his father's footsteps and began a career in medicine. He was trained as an obstetrician and began work at Auckland's National Women's Hospital in 1959. While working in a maternity hospital, Liggins began investigating cesarean sections. Her research showed that if the hormone was given it would speed up the maturation of the fetus' lungs. Xinhua reported that government investigators found two black boxes on Wednesday. Other taste experts also tip their hats to Luna. Tommy Dreamer said, "Luna was the original Extreme Queen. My first manager. Luna died two months ago. A very unique lady. A strong woman." Dustin "Goldust" Runnels tweeted, "Luna was my friend...maybe more...I'll always cherish our time together...may her soul be at peace." Of the 1,400 people polled ahead of the 2010 federal election, 8 percent were against Australia becoming a republic. Former prime minister Julia Gillard claimed during the 2010 election campaign that she believed Australia should become a republic at the conclusion of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. Thirty-four percent of respondents in the poll said they would prefer for Queen Elizabeth II to be Australia's last monarch. On the extreme end of the opinion poll, 29 percent of those surveyed said Australia should become a republic as soon as possible, while 31 percent said Australia should not become a republic. The Olympic gold medallist should have been competing in the 100m and 200m freestyles at the Commonwealth Games but pulled out of the competition due to injury. He was unable to take the medication he needed to help manage his symptoms because it is illegal. Curtis Cooper, a math professor and computer scientist at the University of Central Missouri discovered the largest known prime number on January 25. Some people verified the findings using different pieces of software and algorithms in early February, and it was announced on Tuesday. Comets are believed to be the source of water on Earth, as well as the organic molecules necessary to form proteins and support life. Scientists hope to learn more about how planets formed, especially how the Earth formed, from comets that have crashed into the Earth in the past. Cuomo, 53, began his term as governor earlier this year and signed legislation earlier this month that allowed same-sex couples to marry. He called the rumors "political and nasty gossip." He was speculated to be a potential 2016 presidential candidate. NextGen is the FAA system that will allow planes to fly more direct routes and save millions of gallons of fuel every year and reduce carbon emissions. It uses satellite-based technology rather than the older radar-based systems to allow air traffic controllers to see exactly where planes are and to give them more accurate information. No extra trains are running and metro services are not stopping at Wembley, while replacement buses are running between Wembley Park and Wembley Stadium. Fears that a lack of available carriers could see games being canceled altogether. A study published Thursday in the journal Science describes the formation of a new bird species in the Galapagos Islands of Ecuador. Researchers from Princeton University in the United States and Uppsala University in Sweden have discovered that a new species of finch has evolved after just two generations, although the process is believed to have taken much longer, as a hybrid species of finch, the Galapagos finch Geospiza conirostris, gave rise to two distinct species of Galapagos finch. Gold can be made into different shapes. It can be hammered into small shapes. It can be pulled into a thin thread, which can then be woven and dyed. It can also be pounded or ground into a powder. It can be made very thin, and adheres well to other metals. It can be made so thin that it can be used to decorate books with hand-painted miniatures called "illuminations". This is called a chemical pH. You can make a pH indicator by mixing red cabbage juice. The pH of a juice will change depending on how acidic or alkaline (basic) a substance is. The pH is indicated by the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a particular chemical solution. The hydrogen ion is a proton with an extra electron (because the hydrogen atom has one proton and one electron). Pour the two dry ingredients into the mixing bowl and then, with a clean wet hand, work the powders into a ball. The enzymes on the outside of the cell would then act on the starch, breaking it down into simple sugars. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had sophisticated drainage systems for almost every house. The remains of the sewage system have been found in the houses of the Minoan civilisation in Crete and Santorini in Greece. There were bathhouses in ancient Egypt, Persia and China. In ancient Rome, bathhouses were a part of public life where men and women mixed freely. When you call someone halfway around the world, you are using a satellite. Satellites in space get a call and give it back, almost instantly. Satellites are put into orbit around Earth by rockets. Scientists use telescopes on Earth because the atmosphere blocks some of the light and makes it hard to see. It uses a rocket that is over 100 feet tall to put satellites or telescopes into space. The wheel completely changed the world in an amazing way. The wheel's greatest gift to mankind was the easier and faster transportation of goods. It has brought us steam railways, cars, and many other types of transport. Below them are mainly smaller carnivorous cats such as the leopard and jaguar which hunt medium-sized animals such as deer and pigs. In fact, many small cats (including wild ones) eat more small prey such as bugs, mice, lizards and birds. Their secret to success is the concept of a niche, a special job for every cat that prevents them from competing with other cats. Lions are social cats that live in groups called prides. A group of lions is called a pride, which is made up of three to thirty lionesses and their young. Women are usually more closely related to each other than to men, because they are more closely related to each other's sisters and daughters. Prides of lions hunt like a pack of dogs or wolves, working together as a team to bring down prey much larger than any single lion could hope to tackle alone. Ready to attack, the tigers can run (although not as fast as cheetahs), swim, jump, and have a strength that is five times that of an average human. Lions are in the same genus (Panthera) as tigers, leopards, and jaguars. Only the four big cats can roar. A tiger's roar is not like a lion's full-throated roar; it is more of a scream, more of a screech. Eagles hunt mostly small animals. They will catch mice, snakes, rabbits, and even small birds. Most of the animals they hunt are much smaller than the eagles themselves. Scientists believe that cougars hunt and seek their prey primarily using their sense of smell, tracking down their target by following old trails. Ocelots can see well in the dark and can move quietly. They hunt at night, hiding in the shadows and then pouncing on their prey. When a small number of individuals (a population) separate from the main population to which they belong (for example, if they move to the other side of a mountain or a river, or if they move to a new island on which they cannot easily return), they often find themselves in a situation different from the one they left. The new environment will have both new resources and new pressures, so the new population will require different characteristics or adaptations in order to be successful. The native population had not changed at all, they still required the same adjustments as before. Over time, as new immigrants began to establish themselves within the new environment, they began to look more and more like the native inhabitants. Eventually, after billions or trillions of years, the two populations will become so different that they will no longer be the same species. We call this process speciation, which means the formation of new species. Speciation is an inevitable and important part of evolution. Plants make a gas called oxygen that humans need to breathe and take in a gas called carbon dioxide that humans breathe out (when they are breathing). Plants make food from sunlight using photosynthesis. They also give off a gas called oxygen. We build our houses out of plants and make our clothing from plants. Most of the food we eat is made from plants. Without plants, there would be no animals. Mosasaurus was the top predator of its time, so it was not afraid of anything, except for other mosasaurs. Its long snout is equipped with more than 70 sharp teeth and a trunk on top of its head, which means there is no way to escape anything that goes into its mouth. We don't know for sure, but it may have had a forked tongue. Its diet probably consisted of seals, sharks, other mosasaurs, and maybe even other plesiosaurs. It can also attack anything that goes into the water, even a large dinosaur like T. rex would have had trouble competing with it. While most of their food would be familiar to us, the Romans also had some bizarre banquets including wild boar, birds of prey, snails, and a type of mouse called a dormouse. Another difference is that while the poor and the women ate their food sitting on the floor, the rich would have banquets where they would sit on couches while they ate their food. Ancient Roman banquets probably did not include foods from the Americas or Asia that were not introduced until later centuries. For example, they did not have corn, or tomatoes, or potatoes, or cocoa, and ancient Romans never saw a chicken. The Babylonians built the first ziggurats for their gods, who were believed to live in the temple. The people would bring offerings to the gods and the priests would try to please the gods by doing various rituals and ceremonies. Every temple has an open courtyard and an inner sanctum where only priests are allowed. Sometimes very tall stone structures called ziggurats were built as part of the temple. The top of the tower was a sanctuary for the deity. In the hot climate of the Middle East, air conditioning is essential. Most aspects of Jewish family life are played out in the open. Women cooked outside; shops were open booths facing the street. Stones were used to build houses. There were no large forests in the land of Canaan, so wood was a very expensive commodity. Greenland is mostly uninhabited. According to Norse sagas, Erik the Red was exiled from Iceland for murder, and while on his way west, he discovered Greenland and named it Greenland. However, without detracting from its discoverer, the Eskimos had already settled there at the time. Although all are "Scandinavian", there are many cultural, historical and linguistic differences between the Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic peoples. If you've ever seen the movie "National Treasure," you might think of the Declaration of Independence as a treasure map. However, this is not true. Although something is written on the back of the document, it is not a treasure map. It is inscribed on the back of the Declaration of Independence "The Unanimous Declaration of the thirteen United States of America, When in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the Causes which impel them to the Separation. While it is not known for certain who wrote it, it is known that early in its history, the large document (29 3/4 inches by 24 1/2 inches) was folded and stored. So, it's possible that the notes were added purely as labels. The D-Day landings and the subsequent battles liberated northern France but left the southern half of the country occupied. It was occupied by the "Vichy" French. They were the French who signed an armistice with Germany in 1940 and had chosen to collaborate with the occupiers rather than resist them. On August 15, 1940, the Allies launched an attack on southern France called Operation Dragoon. In just two weeks, U.S. and Allied forces had liberated southern France and were on the way to attack Germany. A religion is a set of beliefs and practices which is followed by a large group of people, a community. The word civilization comes from the Latin word civilis, meaning "related to a citizen," from civis, meaning "inhabitant," from civitas, meaning "city-state," and ultimately from civis, meaning "inhabitant." Civilizations are the beginning of nations. Traditional culture marks the transmission of knowledge from one generation to the next, a path of culture that is always present and a fair distribution. Small civilizations usually disappear without leaving any historical evidence and fail to be recognized as full-fledged civilizations. During the Revolutionary War, the thirteen states initially formed a weak central government - with Congress as a component - under the Articles of Confederation. Congress is not empowered to levy taxes and, since there is no national judiciary, it is up to the states, of which there are 50, to enforce all of their laws. They also do not have the right to vote on taxation and international tariffs. This article requires the united consent of all regions before they can secede and become their own independent nation, as their representatives often are not present. The Italian national football team, along with the German team, is one of the most successful in the world, having won the FIFA World Cup in 2006. Popular sports include football, cricket, rugby, water polo, field hockey, boxing, cycling, ice skating, roller skating and Formula 1 motor racing. Winter sports are very popular in Northern Europe, with the Italians competing in international and Olympic events. Japan is made up of almost 7,000 islands (the main ones are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku), which makes it the world's sixth largest island country! Because the Japanese archipelago is a group of islands, Japan from a geographic point of view is an archipelago. Taiwan was discovered and recorded by European explorers in the 15th century and was called Ilha Formosa, which means "beautiful island." In 1624, the Dutch East India Company established a base in the southwest of Taiwan, marking the beginning of a series of transformations that would see the native farming and hunting culture give way to an export-oriented agricultural and sugar-refining colony. In 1683, the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) took control of the western and northern coasts of Taiwan and established Taiwan as a province of the Qing Empire in 1885. In 1895, after the Qing dynasty's defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), it signed the Shimonoseki Treaty, under which it ceded sovereignty over Taiwan to Japan, which governed the island until 1945. Machu Picchu consists of three main structures: the Temple of the Sun, the Temple of the Moon and the Room of the Three Windows. Most of the old buildings have been restored to give visitors an idea of how it used to look. By the late 1970s, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and the restoration work continues to this day. For example, a common image size in photography is 35 mm negative format, which is also the standard film size at the end of the analogue era. It is still produced today, but more importantly, the aspect ratios have been inherited by the digital image formats. The 35 mm format is actually slightly more than 35 mm wide; it is 36 by 24 mm. The aspect ratio of this format is 3:2 (twelve by eight pixels for a total of thirty-two pixels). Many common formats (e.g. the APS family of formats) are identical or very similar to this aspect ratio. The thirds rule is often misused and overlooked as a simple guideline that creates dynamic compositions while maintaining a sense of order. It states that the most effective place for the main subject is at the intersection of the lines that divide the image into thirds, both horizontally and vertically (see example). During this time in European history, the Roman Catholic Church, which had become very wealthy and powerful, began to be challenged. For more than a thousand years Christianity has united European countries even though they had different languages and customs. Its absolute power affected everyone from kings to peasants. One of the central traditions of Christianity is that wealth is to be used to relieve poverty and suffering, and church property is legally bound to that end. The central authority of the Roman Catholic Church has been in Rome for over a thousand years, and its wealth and power has led many to wonder how corrupt it has become. Shortly after the battle, Britain began a naval blockade of Germany. The strategy proved effective, cutting off both military and civilian supplies, even though the blockade was illegal under international law as defined by numerous binding international agreements of the past two centuries. Britain is laying an international seabed to prevent any ship from entering any part of its territorial waters, even warships. Since there was a response to this tactic, Germany planned a similar attack using submarines without firing their torpedoes. In the 1920s, the prevailing attitude for both individuals and nations was one of passivity and isolationism. After experiencing the devastation and horrors of World War I, a number of countries were determined to prevent similar events in the future. In 1884, Tesla moved to the United States to accept a job with the Edison Company in New York. He arrived in the U.S. with exactly $4 in his name, a suitcase full of poems, and a letter of recommendation from Charles Batchelor (his former boss) to Thomas Edison. Ancient China had a unique way of showing the different periods of time, each dynasty or ruling family had their own distinctive style. Between each of the dynasties were periods of instability and warlordism. A notable example of this is the Three Kingdoms period between the Han and Jin dynasties which lasted for 60 years. In that time, bloody wars were waged between various noble houses who sought to win the Iron Throne. The Three Kingdoms is one of the bloodiest chapters in ancient China's history with more than 1,000 people dying in battles for supremacy in the palaces of Xi'an. Social and political effects included the introduction of the metric system, the change from an absolute monarchy to a republic, and a national consciousness that the country was the people's, and not the king's, domain. Also, after the Revolution, jobs were opened to all qualified male applicants, allowing the most talented and successful to rise to the top. The same is true of armies, because nowadays they are mainly based on the calibre of the equipment they can bring to bear. The French Revolution also inspired many people from other countries who were oppressed to start their own revolutions. Muhammad was very interested in things that were beyond the everyday. He often went to a cave called Hira in the Mountain of Light (Jabal Nur) to think. he reiterated, over and over, the clear image of the religious inclination of Muhammad. Located at the top of a mountain in northern Mecca, the cave is completely isolated from the rest of the world. It is not an easy find even when you know where to look. After entering the cave, it is completely dark. There is nothing else to be seen except for the bright and beautiful sky and the mountains around it. Only the sounds of the world can be heard or seen from inside these caves. The great pyramid of Giza is one of the Seven Wonders of the World that still exists today. Built by the ancient Egyptians in the third millennium BC, the Great Pyramid is one of the many pyramids built to serve as tombs for the Pharaohs. The Giza Plateau or the "Necropolis of Giza" in the Memphis region of Egypt contains several pyramids (including the Great Pyramid), a few cemeteries, a few temples, and the Great Sphinx. The great pyramid was built to serve as a tomb for Pharaoh Khufu, and many smaller pyramids, tombs, and temples were built around it for the wives and servants of Khufu. The "up" sign resembles the capital letter V and the "down" sign looks like a capital letter H with the bottom half missing. On the top end, you have to start at the tip and work your way down the shaft, and on the bottom end, you have to start at the frog (the part you hold the arrow in) and work your way up the shaft. A bow with a higher tension will generally produce a softer sound, while a lower tension bow will produce a louder, more assertive sound. Feel free to make your own signs, but it should be noted that the printed signs are there for a musical purpose, so they should always be respected. King Louis XVI and his frightened queen, Marie Antoinette, their two children (the 11-year-old Marie Therese and four-year-old Louis-Charles) and the king's sister, Madame Elizabeth, had been forced to leave Versailles for Paris on October 6, 1789, by a mob of women. On horseback, they returned to Paris and were surrounded by an angry mob shouting death threats at the king and queen. Mobs of protesters have forced the King and Queen to open their balcony. At one point, an expert restorer lifted the head of a beheaded king off the scaffolding in Versailles to the screams of horror from the assembled queens. The U.S. imperialist war of aggression against the Filipinos was paid for by the Filipino people themselves. They have to pay taxes to the U.S. colonial regime to shoulder most of the country's expenditures and funding of the Philippine Navy through the Wall Street banks. Of course, the huge profits resulting from the continuous exploitation of the Filipino people will remain as the basic imperialist profit of the U.S. To understand the Templars, one has to understand the context in which they flourished. The period in which these events took place is usually referred to as the High Middle Ages, or the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (AD 1000–1300). The Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which conventionally ends around 1500. Technological determinism is the belief that the development of technology more or less determines the course of human history, from the invention of the wheel to the computer. Most interpretations of technological determinism have two main ideas: that the development of technology is independent of culture or politics, and that technology has an "impact" on the existing society. For example, someone might say that cars caused the invention of paved roads. However, the country's road network is not extensive enough to justify a complete switchover, so a new method of emissions control has been introduced to help reduce car ownership costs. The high level of car ownership has also led to an increase in road accidents, which has given rise to a new technique in emergency medicine for treating traumatic injuries. Romanticism had a large component of cultural determinism, being inspired by writers like Goethe, Fichte, and Schlegel. In the context of Romanticism, geography formed the individual, and over time gave rise to customs and cultures associated with particular geographies. And this, more harmonious with the status of society, was preferable to laws imposed at random. In the same way that Paris is known as the world center for contemporary fashion, Constantinople was the center for medieval European fashion. It was known as a center of luxury living about 400 years before Christ and lasted until about 1100 A.D. Its status declined in the 12th century mainly because of the Crusaders who came back with silk and spices which were cheaper than those offered by the Byzantine markets. At this time, the title of the Fashion Model changed from Constantinople to Paris. The Gothic style reached its peak in the 10th to 14th centuries. In the beginning, clothing was strongly influenced by Byzantine culture in the east. Nevertheless, due to the slowness of communication, the western style may have been about 25 to 30 years behind. As the Middle Ages came to an end, western Europe began to establish styles of its own. One of the major changes from the crusades was the widespread use of buttons to fasten clothes. Subsistence farming is farming done for the direct consumption of the farmer and his or her family. A permaculture garden is a relatively easy, organic system that uses stored seeds from many different ecological zones and combines them with a bit of planting design or other simple techniques to maximise yield. Traditionally, most farmers have been involved in agriculture as a livelihood, and this remains true in many developing countries. A subculture is a group of people with a common interest who feel they are separate from the standard culture of the society into which they fit. Subcultures can be distinguished by age, race, class, location, and gender. The defining quality of a cultural branch may be linguistic, aesthetic, religious, political, sexual, geographic or some combination. Members of a particular culture often display their membership in that culture through certain symbols, which may include clothing, behavior, and language. One of the most common methods used to demonstrate the importance of socialization is to compare a few of the bad things that can happen to children who are not socialized, such as abuse, neglect, or bullying, to the things that happen to most adults when they grow up. Children like these were called "feral" or "wild." Some feral children were captured and tamed by humans (often their own parents); in some cases, such abductions were motivated by ignorance of severe intellectual or physical disabilities of the children. A feral child may have experienced severe abuse or trauma before being abandoned or fleeing. Other children were allegedly raised by animals; some were said to have been raised alone in the wilderness. When fully raised by non-human animals, a feral child will often display behaviours (to a certain extent) similar to those of the animal that raised them, such as a fear or lack of interest in humans. Although project-based learning should make the learning process easier and more fun, the facilitator brings more than that. A catalyst is not a way of learning but a metaphor for supporting individuals through a new learning experience, such as getting to grips with a new computer program or starting a new project. A mentor can be either real or virtual, in other words, a teacher is a type of mentor and so is the little man in Microsoft Office. The virtual assistant is integrated into the software and acts as a helper, coach, and explainer of procedures that may be difficult for students to handle on their own. Children are placed in foster care for many reasons including neglect, abuse and exploitation. No child should have to grow up in an environment without caregivers who nurture and educate them, but that's exactly what's happening. We see the Child Protection System as a safety net for these children. Our fostering system should provide safe homes, loving families, stable placements and trustworthy health care. Child care should provide all the necessities that cannot be provided at home where the child is being cared for. The Internet combines the elements of mass communication and interpersonal communication. The unique characteristics of the Internet bring additional dimensions of both use and satisfaction. For example, "learning" and "socialization" are often cited as important motivations for Internet use (James et al., 1995). “Personal involvement” and “continuing relationships” were identified by Eighmey and McCord (1998) as new aspects of motivation when they analyzed reactions to a web page. The invention of the video tape recorder led to an important breakthrough in the interpretation of micro expressions, as facial movements can be recorded and played back in slow motion. In particular, it is said that it is possible to tell if someone is lying by observing the subtle changes in their facial expressions. Oliver Sacks, in his classic book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, showed how people with brain damage were unable to understand complex sentences but could accurately judge the sincerity of a smile. He suggested that the ability to understand human language may have been reinforced by the domestication of dogs. Twentieth-century studies have shown that there are two types of genetic variants: those that are hidden and those that are expressed. New mutations and selective pressure both contribute to the genetic diversity of a population. Migration and reassortment mixes up the varieties available in any given area from one generation to the next. In the savanna, it is difficult for a primate with a human-like digestive system to get enough essential amino acids from the available plant food. Additionally, failure to do so has serious consequences: increased rates of depression, disordered eating, and even death. The easiest plant foods to obtain are the proteins found in leaves and seeds, but these are difficult for primates like ourselves to digest without cooking. On the other hand, animal foods (beef, pork, eggs) are not only easily digested but provide high quality protein that contains all the essential amino acids. All things considered, we should perhaps not be surprised that our ancestors solved the "protein problem" in a similar way to how herbivores in the savannah do today. Sleep disorders are abnormalities in the sleep cycle that cause problems getting to sleep, staying asleep, or both falling asleep and staying asleep. This can be easily done using a silent timer to wake you up without disturbing your partner. If you find yourself waking up earlier than you meant to, consider putting the alarm across the room, forcing you to get out of bed to turn it off. Another common regimen involves drinking a large amount of a diuretic beverage (usually water or tea) right before bed, which forces the person to wake up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom. The amount of serotonin in the brain has the opposite effect of the amount of serotonin in the body. The lower the pressure, the more positive energy is present. Everyone has the potential to seek inner peace and true serenity. Everyone can achieve enlightenment. The only thing that prevents this from happening is the pressure and negative aspects of our own mind. Tibetan Buddhism is based on the teachings of Buddha, but has been extended by the Mahayana path of love and the many yogic practices of India. Tibetan Buddhism has a very simple philosophy. It is made up of Yoga Kundalini, meditation and a universal love. Kundalini energy (awareness) is raised by Kundalini Yoga through postures, breathwork, mantras and meditation. The foundation of Tibetan Buddhist meditation is Yoga of the Deities. Imagining various deities cleansing the channels, activating the chakras and cultivating inner awareness. Germany was a mutual enemy during World War II that led to both the Soviet Union and the United States becoming allies. Eventually, the Cold War ended and the systems, processes, and cultures of these countries became intertwined. Two years after the end of the war, the former allies began to become enemies, and the Cold War started. It has been going on for 40 years and is being played out on the actual battlefields of Africa to Asia, from Afghanistan to Cuba and many other places. By the 17th of September, 1939, the Polish defense had already been destroyed, and the only hope was to retreat and re-form along the Romanian border. However, these plans became obsolete for a day, after 800,000 Red Army soldiers had crossed the border and taken control of Belarus and Ukraine after attacking the eastern regions of Poland, violating the Riga Armistice Agreement, the Soviet-Polish Non-Aggression Pact, and other international agreements, two by two and more. Using ships to carry goods is the most effective way to move large amounts of goods and people across the oceans. Traditionally, the Navy's job was to make sure that your country was able to move people and things around, while keeping the enemy from doing the same. One of the most famous examples of this is the Allied campaign in the North Atlantic during World War II. The Americans were trying to get supplies and troops across the Atlantic to help Britain. Meanwhile, German submarines, using new U-boats, were trying to block the traffic. If the Conservatives do badly, then pro-Remain Labour could hold the balance of power in parliament and perhaps even topple Theresa May as prime minister. Goats are believed to have been domesticated around 10,000 BCE in the Zagros Mountains in Iran. Ancient cultures began domesticating animals for milk, wool, meat and skins. Domestic sheep are generally kept in flocks in grassland on hills or in mountainous areas, and are guarded by a herdsman, often a boy or young man, similar to the present-day shepherd. This traditional method of herding is still used today. Glasses were invented in England in the 16th century. Although the wheels were made of wooden planks, they allowed the chariots to reach higher speeds and to carry heavier loads than wagons did. A cross bond is introduced fairly early to keep the footing local. The trail, however, is aware that the track will be more efficient with a steel cable along the top. This has become a regular occurrence, with the steel needles regularly puncturing the wooden wheels of the carriages. Eventually, wooden wheels were replaced by iron ones. In 1767, the first fully iron road was introduced. The earliest known human ancestor was a bipedal ape who walked upright about two million years ago called Homo Erectus (meaning upright man). Their ancestors, the Australopithecus, did not usually walk upright. Bipedalism was found in the fossil Australopithecus from 4.2-3.9 million years ago, though Sahelanthropus may have walked upright 7 million years ago. We can start a friendly relationship with nature, we can join the environmental movement, even become an activist to help alleviate future suffering in some way. This is analogous to symptomatic relief in many cases. However, unless we are content with only temporary relief, we must seek the cause of the problem and eliminate it. It is already evident that the world is changing due to the scientific and technological progress made by humans and the problems are becoming larger due to overpopulation and the luxurious lifestyle of humans. After being adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the president of the congress, John Hancock, and secretary Charles Thomson, and sent to the printer John Dunlap, who was located several blocks away. During the night between 150 and 200 copies were made, a form now known as the "Dunlap broadsides". The first public reading of the document was given by John Nixon on the steps of the Independence Hall on July 8. One was sent to George Washington on July 6, which was read to the army in New York on July 9 and published in London on Aug. 25 copies of the broadside were known to have survived; it is the oldest known printed document. The original manuscript is lost. Many paleontologists today believe that a group of dinosaurs survived and gave rise to the birds. Many people do not consider it to be a dinosaur because it has feathers and can fly. However, there are many things about birds that are similar to dinosaurs. It had claws on its feet and a tail, a beak, and walked on two legs like a T-Rex. Almost all of today's computers are based on manipulating binary numbers. A binary number can only contain one of the two values, 0 or 1, and such numbers are known as binary numbers or bits in computing. Internal bleeding is not always immediately obvious. Symptoms such as vomiting are fairly common and do not necessarily indicate an internal bleed. The most common type of internal poisoning is probably the result of ingesting old medications or household cleaning agents. Take a look at the label for the antidote to the specific poison. The word "moth" is used informally by entomologists for this group of insects. The word is derived from the ancient custom of infecting fleas with a parasite in order to make them a human blood-sucker. Both scorpions and spiders are altricial, meaning that they are incapable of surviving on their own upon hatching or birth. There are an estimated 400,000 people in the United States living with MS, making it one of the most common neurological diseases affecting young and middle-aged adults. MS is a disease that affects the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain, the spinal cord and the optic nerves. Studies have shown that women are twice as likely to be affected by MS than men. Couples may decide that it is not in their best interests or the interests of their children to raise a baby. These couples have the option of creating a design for their baby's nursery. In the process of adopting a child, the biological parents give up their parental rights so that the adoptive parents can take over as the child's legal parents. The main goal of science is to understand how the world works by using a scientific method. This method actually guides most scientific research. It is not independent, experiments and experiments are tests used to eliminate one or more of the possible hypotheses, asking questions and observations also guide scientific research. Natural science began again and philosophers concentrated themselves on classic texts and, above all, on the Bible in Latin. Aristotle's reviews have been accepted in all fields of science, including psychology. As knowledge of the Greek language declined, the Western world lost the ability to learn the roots of its own philosophical and scientific traditions. Many rhythms are observed in physiology and behavior that are dependent on the presence of an endogenous clock and its output through the circadian day. Regular rhythms, which are not simply responses to external stimuli, have been documented in most living organisms, including bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. The biological clock is an independent pacemaker that drives the circadian rhythm even in the absence of external signals. Hershey and Chase's experiment is one of the major pieces of evidence that DNA is the genetic material. Hershey and Chase used viruses, or phages, to introduce their own DNA into a bacterium. They do two tests to see if the DNA in the cells is damaged by radioactive phosphorus or radioactive beryllium. Mutations have different effects depending on the type of mutation, the importance of the genetic material affected, and which cells are affected. Only mutations in germ cells can be passed on to children, while mutations in other cells can cause death or cancer. Nature-based tourism has become an increasingly popular way for people to visit areas of wilderness with the aim of enjoying scenery, flora and fauna. Possible activities include hunting, fishing, photography, birdwatching, gardening and learning about the local ecosystems. An example is visiting, taking photographs and learning about the flora and fauna of Borneo. Every morning, people die in small towns on their way to work and are passed by other people on their way to their new place of employment. In this dynamic commuting pattern, everyone, in some way, is connected and supports the system of private car-based transportation. Science now shows that the large carbon economies have released the biosphere from one of its stable states and led to the evolution of humans about two million years ago. Everyone takes part in the union and the transportation system. Nearly everyone complains about the transportation system. In developed countries, you seldom hear complaints about the quality of the water or bridges falling down. Why does the transport system cause so many problems, why doesn't it work every day? Is it down to incompetent transport planners? Or is there something fundamentally wrong? Traffic Flow is the study of the movement of individuals and vehicles between destinations and the interactions between them. Unfortunately, traffic flow analysis is difficult because the behavior of drivers cannot be predicted with certainty. Fortunately, drivers tend to behave more or less predictably; this makes traffic flow more predictable and can be represented mathematically. To represent the better traffic flow relationships have been established between the three main characteristics: (1) flow, (2) density, and (3) speed. These relationships help in planning, designing, and operating roadways. Insects were the first animals to take to the air. Their ability to fly helped them escape predators, search for food, and colonize new territories. Most insects have the ability to flap their wings to move up and down. This gives them a large area in which to hide from predators. Now, the only insects that cannot flap their wings are moths and butterflies. About 2,000 years ago, a man named Aristarchus said that the Sun went around the Earth. Some people believe that it is true, but many believe the opposite; that the Solar System goes around the Sun (and also the other stars). This makes sense, doesn't it, because the Earth doesn't feel like it's spinning, does it? The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world and contains more water than any other river on Earth. The Amazon is also the largest river on Earth, at over six times wider than the Nile. Fully 20 percent of all the water that flows into the ocean comes from the Amazon. The Amazon River is 6,387 km (3,980 miles) long. It collects water from more than a thousand tributaries. Although the construction of pyramids continued well into the Old Kingdom, the pyramids of Giza were never exceeded in size or technical sophistication. Ancient Egypt's new rulers were in awe of their predecessors' achievements, some of which were over a thousand years old. The population of Vatican City is around 800. It is the smallest independent nation in the world and is also the country with the lowest population. The Vatican City uses Italian as its official and formal language. Italian is the everyday language of most of those living in the country, while Latin is the language of the church. All Vatican citizens are Roman Catholics. People were known to the basic chemistry of gold, silver, and copper very early because these elements are naturally present in the environment in uncombined forms and are fairly easy to extract using primitive tools. Aristotle, a philosopher, proposed the theory that everything is made of combinations of four basic elements: earth, water, air, and fire. These are more like the four states of matter (in the same order): solids, liquids, gases, and plasma, though it is also theorized that they can change into new materials to form what we see. An alloy is basically a mixture of two or more elements. Remember that there are many elements on the periodic table. Elements such as calcium and potassium are considered to be metals. Of course, there are other metals such as silver and gold. There are also alloys that contain very small amounts of non-metal elements such as carbon. Everything in the universe is made of molecules. All molecules are made of small particles called atoms. The size of the atom is so small that a few trillion of them could fit into the period at the end of this sentence. Thus, the paintbrush is a friend to many people when it is created. Sadly, as newer writing methods appeared, the pen was relegated to low status and infrequent use. Nowadays, people write messages on a computer screen, without having to be close to the paintbrush. We can only speculate at this stage as to what the keyboard will look like when something new arrives. Fission bombs work on the principle that energy is required to separate the neutrons and protons in the nucleus of a heavy atom. Imagine a roller coaster going up a very tall hill. Separate the nucleus again and then release some of the energy. Some atoms have an unstable nucleus, which means they can split off into smaller atoms with little or no force. The surface of the Moon is covered with rocks and dust. The outer layer of the Moon is called the regolith. The crust has a thickness of 70 km (43 mi) at the base and 100 km (62 mi) at the top. It is thinner under the maria and thicker under the highlands. There are probably more volcanoes near the edges because the crust is thinner. It is easier for the lava to come to the surface. The theory of focused contents is based on finding out what makes people tick or attracted to them. These theories show that humans have certain needs and/or desires that are completely satisfied only when they become mature adults. These theories see what is in a person that makes them want the things they want and the things around them that will make them do or not do certain things. Two popular content theories are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and the Two-Factor Theory of Herzberg. In general, two behaviors can occur when a manager starts leading his or her former peers. On one end of the spectrum is the attempt to remain a friend to the whole team. Leaders face the challenge of making unpopular decisions, following through on tough actions, assessing and rewarding performance, delegating responsibility, and holding people accountable. On the other hand, one becomes an individual who cannot be identified who believes that he has to change everything that the team has done and to put his stamp on it. The leader is ultimately responsible for the success or failure of the team. This behavior often leads to confrontations between leaders and other group members. Virtual forces are held to the same standard of excellence as regular forces, but with a different focus. Virtual squad members often serve as a connection point for nearby physical squads. They are usually more autonomous than regular army units as their troops may be scattered across different time zones, which may not be understood by local commanders. The presence of "invisible forces" (Larson & LaFasto, 1989, p. 109) is also a unique component of virtual teams. The "invisible team" is the management team on which all the players report. The "invisible team" sets the standard for every player. Why would an organization want to go through the process of creating a learning organization? One goal of the learning organization concept is innovation. When all sources are effectively used to penetrate all areas of the functional parts of an organization, creativity and ingenuity can take place. The result is that cross-organizational collaboration can give rise to new innovations that address customer needs. Before an organization can be innovative, leadership must create a culture of innovation and knowledge sharing within the organization. Angel (2006), described the Continuum approach as a way for organisations to help people achieve higher levels of performance. Neurobiological data provides physical evidence for a theoretical approach to understanding cognition. Thus, it makes the field of research more precise. The relationship between brain pathology and behavior helps scientists in their research. It has long been known that different types of brain injury, trauma, wounds and tumors can affect behavior and produce changes in various mental functions. The invention of new technologies has allowed us to both see and probe the structure and workings of the brain in ways that were never possible before. This provides us with lots of information and materials to build a simulation model that helps us understand the process in our minds. Although AI has very strong connotations with science fiction, AI forms an important branch of computer science, dealing with intelligence, behaviour, learning and adaptation of machines. Research in AI involves creating machines that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. Examples include control, planning and organizing, the ability to diagnose customer answers and questions, and the ability to recognize written, verbal, and facial expressions. Things like this have become a separate discipline, focussed on providing solutions to real-world problems. Artificial intelligence is now being used in areas such as economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as it has been built into some home computers and video games. A field trip is often a significant part of any year-long course. Often a teacher will seek to take his or her students someplace they could not otherwise visit on foot. Technology now offers a solution to this dilemma. Students can virtually visit a museum, dive down to the depths of the ocean or marvel at beautiful artwork from the comfort of their classroom. Sharing virtual travel experiences is a great way to showcase a trip and pass along the experience to future classes. For example, every year students from Bennet's School in North Carolina create a website about their visit to their state capital, and each year the website is updated, but an old copy is saved online as a scrapbook. Blogs can also help improve students' writing. Though students often start their blogs with spelling and grammatical errors, the presence of an audience can serve to improve their writing. Because students are often the most critical audience, the blogger began trying to improve his writing in order to avoid criticism. Blogging also "forces students to become more aware of the world around them." The requirement that they try to attract readers gives students a reason to write intelligently and interestingly (Toto, 2004). Blogging is a tool that both inspires collaboration and encourages students to extend their learning beyond the traditional school day. Proper use of blogs can "allow students the opportunity to become more analytical and critical; through the active response to online content, students can determine their place in the context of other writers and also help to clarify their own viewpoints on issues (Oravec, 2002). Ottawa is the bilingual capital of Canada and is home to many art galleries and museums that showcase the country's past and present. Further south are Niagara Falls and the original wilderness area of Muskoka and Algonquin Park. All of these things, and many more, showcase Ontario as a true Canadian experience for visitors from outside the country. Much of the northern part of the country is sparsely populated and includes vast areas of wilderness that are mostly uninhabited. For comparison, the population of Africa is roughly equivalent to the number of people living in the United States. The East African islands are located in the Indian Ocean along the eastern coast of Africa. Madagascar is the largest, and the only one to be a true continent. Most of the smaller islands are independent nations, or are associated with France, and are known as tropical paradises. The Arabs also brought Islam to the islands and it is most widely practiced in the Comoros and Mayotte. European exploration and colonization began in the 15th century, when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama found a sea route from Europe to India. The region borders the Sahel in the north and the Atlantic Ocean in the south and west. Women: It is alleged that female travellers were told they were married, even when they were not. There is an advantage to wearing a ring (but not a very flashy one). Women should be aware that different cultures may view what they consider to be innocent gestures as sexual, and that this is often followed by unwanted sexual advances, being patted on the bottom, etc. Be firm in denying people, and do not be afraid to stand your ground (cultural differences or not, it's not okay!). The modern city of Casablanca was founded by Berber fishermen in the 10th century, and was used by the Phoenicians, Romans and Merenids as a strategic port called Anfa. The Portuguese destroyed it and rebuilt it as the Casa Branca, only to leave it again after the 1755 earthquake. The Moroccan Sultan rebuilt the town and called it Casa Blanca after the Spanish trader who had established a trading post there. Casablanca is one of the best places in the Maghreb for shopping. It is easy to find traditional North African items for sale in the old Medina areas of cities such as tagine pots, ceramics, leatherware, shishas and a wide range of small ornaments, but this is really tourist shopping. Goma is a traveler's town in the Democratic Republic of Congo, immediately across the border from Rwanda. In 2002 the city of Goma was largely destroyed by lava from the Nyiragongo volcano, which covered large parts of the roads in the city, especially in the center. Although Goma is relatively safe, any visit outside of Goma should be studied in order to understand the ongoing war in the North Kivu province. The city is also a base for trekking up Nyiragongo volcano and some of the cheapest gorilla tracking in Africa. You can use motorcycle taxis (bodas) to get around Goma. The normal (local) price is around FRw500 for short rides. Due to its remote location, "Timbuktu" has served as a metaphor for a mysterious and remote land. Today Timbuktu is a poor town, but its reputation makes it a tourist attraction, and it has an airport. In 1990, it was added to the World Heritage List due to its threat from desertification. This is one of the major stops on Henry Louis Gates's new PBS series "Wonders of the African World." The city is different from other major cities in the country in that it has a more Arabian feel than African. The Kruger National Park (KNP) is in northeastern South Africa and borders on Mozambique in the east, Zimbabwe in the north and the Republic of South Africa in the south. The park covers 19,500 km2 (7,500 sq mi) and is divided into 14 distinct ecological zones, each with its own unique animal and plant communities. It is one of the major attractions in South Africa and is considered to be the crown jewel of the South African National Parks (SANParks). Like all of South Africa's national parks, there are both day and overnight camping permits available for the park. It can also be useful for one person to buy a Wildcard, which covers all the parks in South Africa or just the South African National Parks. The island of Hong Kong gives its name to the whole of Hong Kong and is a major focus for many tourists. The skyscrapers of Hong Kong are likened to a deck of cards laid out along the waterfront of Victoria Harbour. For the best view of Hong Kong, leave the island and cross the harbour to the opposite side of Kowloon. Most of Hong Kong's urban development has taken place on reclaimed land along the northern coastline. This is where the British took over as rulers and if you are interested in the history of the area's colonization, this is a good place to start. The Sundarbans is the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world, covering 80 km (50 miles) of coastline in Bangladesh and India. Sundarbans has been declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Parts of the forest in the Indian state of West Bengal are known as the Sundarbans National Park. The forest is not just about the bamboo - it is also home to some of the last remaining tracts of pristine rainforest in the Gangetic Plain. The Sundarbans covers an area of 3,850 km2, of which one third is water/marsh. Since 1966, the Sundarbans has been a biosphere reserve and is home to an estimated 400 Royal Bengal tigers and 30,000 wild boars. Buses depart from the bus station in the city (across the river) throughout the day, though most leave in the morning for eastern destinations and Jakar/Bumthang depart between 06:30 and 07:30. Because the buses are always full, it is advised to buy your ticket a few days in advance. Most areas have a regular Japan Coastal Ferry Service, which is comfortable and reliable. Taxis are a quick and convenient way to get around to places like Paro (Nu 150) and Punakha (Nu 200). The Oyapock Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge. It connects Oyapock Island in Brazil to Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock in French Guiana. Both towers are 83 stories tall, 378 metres long and have a footprint of 3.50 by 3.50 metres. The distance under the bridge is 15 meters. The construction was prepared in August 2011, but it was not opened to traffic until March 2017. The bridge was scheduled to open fully in September 2017, when the Brazilian customs facility was expected to be finished. The Guarani are the largest indigenous group in the area now known as eastern Paraguay, living as nomadic hunters and gatherers. The Chaco region was home to other native tribes, such as the Guaycurú and Payaguá, who survived by hunting, gathering and fishing. In the 16th century, present-day Paraguay was called the "River Plate Colony" due to the meeting of the Spanish conquerors with the native tribes. The Spanish had begun a three-century period of domination. Since the establishment of Asunción in 1537, Paraguay has been able to preserve the character and identity of its indigenous people. Argentina is famous for having one of the best polo players and teams in the world. The event of the year will take place in December on the polo fields of Las Cañitas. Smaller competitions and matches can also be found here in the future. For news about the tournament or where to buy tickets, visit the Argentine Polo Association website. The official currency of the Falkland Islands is the Falkland pound (FKP), which is equivalent to one pound sterling (GBP). Dollars can only be exchanged at one bank on the island, located in Stanley across from the FIC West supermarket. The British Pound is generally accepted anywhere in the islands and in Stanley, credit cards and U.S. Dollars are also usually accepted. Credit cards are not widely accepted on the outer islands, though major U.S. and U.K. debit cards are; check with your tour operator in advance to see what payment methods are acceptable. It is almost impossible to exchange Falkland Islands pounds outside the islands, so change your money before leaving. Because Montevideo is in the Southern Hemisphere, it is summer there while it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Montevideo is in the subtropics; in the summer, daytime highs are usually over 30 °C (86 °F). Winter can be deceptively cold: although temperatures are seldom above freezing, windchill and humidity can make it feel much colder than the reading on your thermometer would suggest. There are no real "rainy" and "dry" seasons; the amount of rainfall is more or less the same year-round. Although most animals in zoos are there for people to see, their lives are still wild and they are not allowed to be touched or fed. The park authorities request that you maintain a distance of at least 100 feet/30 meters from bears and wolves, and at least 25 feet/8 meters from all other wildlife! How different they look, the bison, the moose, the reindeer, the bear, and almost all the big animals can kill you. Every year, hundreds of tourists are injured because they don't take the appropriate steps. These animals are large, wild and potentially dangerous, so give them plenty of space. Bears are also attracted to strong odors, so avoid foods with strong scents and always store your food in a bear-proof container. Apia is the capital of Samoa. The city is located on the island of Upolu and has an population of less than 40,000 people. Apia was established in the 1850s and has been the capital of Samoa since 1959. The port was the scene of a naval battle in 1889 when seven German, American and British ships were prevented from leaving the harbor. All the ships except a British passenger vessel were sunk, and almost 200 Americans and Germans were killed. During the struggle for independence, a peaceful demonstration in the capital led to the killing of one of the country's best-known leaders, Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III. There are many beaches due to Auckland being surrounded by two harbours. The most popular beaches are in the three areas. The North Shore (part of Auckland in the North Island) stretches along the Pacific Ocean from Long Bay in the north to Devonport in the south. They are mostly sandy beaches with safe swimming and many of the bays are sheltered by the pohutukawa trees. Tamaki Drive is a coastal suburb in the Auckland region, immediately to the west of the Auckland central business district and the wealthy suburbs of Mission Bay and St Heliers. This is a family-friendly beach that can get quite crowded; there are numerous shops along the entire length of the beach. Swimming is safe. The main local brew is 'Number One'. It is not a complex beer, but a pleasant and refreshing one. Another local brew is called "Manta". There are many French brandies on the market, but New Zealand and Australian brandy may be better. Tap water is safe to drink, but bottled water is easily found if you are concerned. For Australians, the idea of a "flat white" is a foreign one. Strong black coffee is an "espresso", cappuccinos have lots of foamed milk (not cream), and tea is usually served without milk. Hot chocolate is similar to the Belgian standard. Fruit juices are expensive but very tasty. These corals are often visited multiple times per year, and injuries are rarely seen in healthy reefs. However, take heed of the signs, follow all instructions and take notice of the warning signs. Box jellyfish are common along the coast and in river estuaries from October to April, mainly in the northern half of the state. They are rarely seen outside of these times. Sharks do exist, they are seldom aggressive. Most sharks are wary of humans and will swim away. Freshwater crocodiles do not live in the ocean, their main habitat is in the freshwater creeks and rivers in the north of Rockhampton. Early booking gives travellers the peace of mind that they have a place to stay as soon as they arrive at their destination. A travel agent usually has agreements with certain hotels, though you may be able to book a different type of lodging, such as a campground, through an agent. Tour agencies usually offer packages that include both breakfast and transportation to/from the airport or a package that includes the hotel and the flight once. They can also book for you if you need some time to think about your offers or to get other documents for your destination (e.g. visas). Any changes or requests must be submitted no later than 24 hours in advance and not directly to the hotel. For some events, the majority of attendees stay on site, and music festivals are a prime example of this. Most attendees view it as a significant part of the overall experience. If you want to be close to the action, you'll need to get there early to claim your spot in front of the stage. Remember that even though the main acts have finished, there may be parts of the festival site where music is still playing until the early hours. There are parties that have a special place for families with children. If you cross the Baltic Sea in the winter, check the cabin locations, as the winds over the open water can be quite strong, especially for those prone to seasickness. The St. Petersburg leg includes an overnight stay in the city. Passengers on the cruise are exempted from visa requirements (check conditions). Casinos always try to maximize the amount of time and money their guests spend. The windows and clocks are usually fake and the exits are difficult to find. They usually have a selection of snacks, drinks and entertainment options to ensure that guests are relaxed and on-site for longer. Some places offer cocktails in the room. However, intoxication can impair judgment, and all sober adults should know how many drinks it takes to put them at risk. Anyone planning to travel in the higher latitudes or through the mountains should think about the possibility of snow, ice, or extreme cold. Road conditions are always changing, so low tire pressure allows the tires to give you more traction and feel like you're driving on a normal road. During a sandstorm, you can be completely engulfed by sand for a short time. Visibility can also be affected by blowing sand or silt, or by fog or haze. In contrast, sandstorms and cold are a normal part of most countries, and year-round travel is possible. Safari is the major tourist attraction in Africa and a dream come true for many visitors. The word safari is often associated with a journey by land through the African savannah to see its wildlife. Many animals, such as elephants and giraffes, are relatively easy to approach and standard lenses on a camera are usually adequate. Lions, cheetahs and leopards can be intimidating, and you're likely to see them better with binoculars. A safari walk (also known as "bush walking", "hiking safari" or "footing") involves a journey on foot, often for several hours or days. The Paralympics will take place from August 24 to September 5. Some events will be at venues around Japan. Tokyo will be the only city in Asia to have hosted both the summer and winter Olympics after the games in 1964. If you were to book a flight and a hotel for 2020 before the cancellations were announced, you may find yourself in a difficult situation. Cancellation policies vary slightly, but as of mid-March 2020, most were allowing cancellations for coronavirus-related reasons until July 2020 when the Olympics were scheduled to take place. Tickets for the event are expected to cost between ¥2,500 and ¥130,000, with the average price being around ¥7,000. Drying clothing can help to keep it from mildewing. Many hotels provide a clothes dryer and a clothes rack, though they are not usually in the room. If you don't have a brush, or don't like using a brush, then you can try using a hair dryer, if you have one. Please take care not to let the fabric get too hot (which can cause scalding, or in extreme cases, fire). There are many ways to purify water, some methods are more effective against specific threats. In some areas, a few minutes of sunlight is enough, while in other areas several minutes are necessary. Coffee makers vary in terms of their performance, and if you are concerned, you should probably consider buying a water-based machine from a reputable manufacturer. Tourists may find themselves face-to-face with a creature they've never seen before in their home country. Infected animals can spoil food, cause diarrhea, or worse, transmit diseases such as typhoid, cholera, or anthrax. Infectious diseases or pathogenic organisms can infect or kill people, sometimes with devastating effects. Tax-free shopping is the opportunity to buy items that are exempt from taxes and duties in certain locations. Tourists visiting a country with a heavy tax on alcoholic drinks and cigarettes can save a lot of money, especially on brand-name drinks and cigarettes. The stretch between Point Marion and Fairmont gives way to some of the region's most challenging terrain, often along the Buffalo-Pittsburgh Corridor. If you are not accustomed to driving on rural roads, beware of wild animals, steep grades, narrow roads, and sharp turns. Announcements of speeds are clearly lower than they would have been before, and the sub-sections - usually 35-40 mph (56-64 km/h) - are even more strictly enforced. Interestingly, cellphone coverage is better in some of the more remote parts of the trail, such as the Pennsylvania Wilds. German pastries are quite sweet, and those in Bavaria are quite rich and decorated, similar to the pastries you'd find in southern neighbor Austria. Fruit puddings are a common dessert, with traditional puddings made from pudding powder or thickened milk, and summer puddings made from ripe fruit. Many traditional German baked goods also contain nuts, such as almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts. Popular cakes are often washed down with a hard coffee. If you want a small, light pastry, you could try one of the regional variants such as a Berliner, a Pfannkuchen or a Krapfen. Curry is a dish based on a sauce or paste made from spices and herbs, traditionally served with meat or vegetables. Curry can either be "dry" or "wet" depending on how much water is added. In northern India and Pakistan, yogurt is often used in curries; in southern India and some coastal regions, coconut milk is common. With 17,000 islands to choose from, Indonesia's cuisine is an umbrella term for the many different foods you'll find throughout the country. However, if used without qualification, the word means food from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java. Throughout the archipelago, Javanese cuisine offers a range of simple yet sophisticated dishes, often including popular Javanese delicacies such as peanuts, chili, sugar (especially Javanese coconut sugar), and an array of spices. A flip-flop is a type of sandal with a strap that goes between the first and second toes. They provide more stability for the rider, but there is a safety risk due to the potential for the feet of the rider to touch the ground. If a rider is thrown from a horse but manages to land in the saddle, he or she is at risk of being dragged by the horse. To avoid this, a few safety precautions can be taken. First, most riders use shoes with a smooth sole with a rounded toe and a fairly narrow heel. Furthermore, some roller coasters, especially in the UK, have a safety bar that allows the rider to lower the car if they feel they are being dragged back by the restraint. Valle de Cochamó - Chile's premier mountaineering destination, known as South America's Yosemite, with numerous big walls and granite cliffs. Mercers include some of the world's most spectacular glaciers, and mountaineers from around the world are continually exploring new routes up its unrelentingly steep slopes. The snow sports of skiing and snowboarding are popular activities that involve going down a hill covered in snow using skis or a snowboard. Skiing is a popular activity for many travelers, sometimes referred to as "vacation skiing", which involves a visit to a specific skiing destination. Skiing has been around for a long time — cave paintings show skiers from 5000 BCE! Sledding as a sport began at least as early as the 17th century, and in 1861 the first club for recreational sledding was opened in Australia by Norwegian immigrants. Skiing: The sport of skiing is also known as alpine skiing, downhill skiing or ski touring. It is related but usually does not involve alpine skiing or mountaineering, which requires specialized boots and equipment. Think of cross-country skiing more like hiking. In the best of conditions, you can easily cover more ground on skis than on foot - but seldom as fast. Europe is a small continent with many free-living countries. Under normal circumstances, traveling through multiple countries on a single trip requires applying for and collecting multiple visas and passports. However, the Schengen Area functions as a single country for these purposes. While you are in this zone, you are normally able to cross the border without having your passport checked again. Also, having a Schengen visa no longer requires separate visas for all Schengen countries, so it can save you time, money and hassle. There is no universal definition of what constitutes an antique, though some styles of furniture that are over 100 years old are commonly accepted as antiques. The definition is different geographically, where the age of consent may be higher in places like North America than in Europe. Handmade products can always be distinguished from mass-produced items, even if they are made from the same materials. Hunting reindeer is an important traditional pursuit for the Sami people and their way of life is also affected by the tourist trade. Traditionally, not all Sami people have been involved in large-scale reindeer herding, but have instead lived by fishing, hunting and similar activities, keeping a few reindeer as pets. Today many Sami people work in the modern service industries. Tourism is an important source of income in many parts of Sameland. Although it is commonly used, especially among non-Romani speakers, the word "Gypsy" is considered pejorative due to its association with negative stereotypes of Romani people. If the country you are visiting is under a Travel Advisory, your travel insurance or your airline may be liable. You may also want to get advice from an independent financial advisor, but such advice is designed to suit the person giving it, not you. For example, an American in the Middle East may face a different situation than a European or Arab. An official announcement is usually a short summary of the political situation in a country. The view presented is often superficial and vastly oversimplified compared to what is known elsewhere. A monster storm is a generic term for any storm with the potential to cause significant damage, serious social disruption, or loss of life. Bad weather can happen anywhere in the world and there are many different types depending on the geography, topography and atmospheric conditions. High winds, thunderstorms, flash flooding, landslides and forest fires are all common, as are earthquakes, tornadoes, tsunamis and volcanoes. Extreme weather patterns and seasons include monsoon rains, cyclones and dust storms. Travelers are advised to check for any extreme weather conditions in their destination that may affect their trip. Anyone planning to visit a country that could be considered a war zone should take professional advice. An internet search for "Hostile environment course" may give you the local company's address. A course would usually cover all of this in more detail, often with practical exercises. A typical course will last for 2-5 days and will involve role-playing, plenty of drills and sometimes weapons training. Books and magazines on survival in the wilderness are common, but publications dedicated to war zones are few. Voyagers planning surgical gender reassignment overseas should ensure they have valid travel documents for the return journey. Government-issued passports without a gender marker (X) or the option to identify as a gender other than male or female are not available in all countries. The availability of foreign governments to test these documents is increasing. Airport security screening has also become more intrusive since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Pre-op transgender people are not expected to go through immigration checkpoints with privacy and dignity intact. A rip current is a flow of water returning to the sea after breaking on the shore, usually at a headland or other obstruction. Because of the topography of the seafloor, the return currents focus on a few deep canyons, and the strongest flows are on the bottom of those canyons. Most deaths are due to exhaustion from the long swim back against the current, which can be dangerous. As soon as you are out of the current, the ability to swim back should not be any more difficult than normal. This seeks to take you to a place where you are not caught or, depending on your experience and whether or not you've been spotted, you may want to wait to be picked up. The rebound effect comes earlier than the cultural shock effect (there is no honeymoon phase), lasts longer and may be more severe. Tourists often have an easier time adjusting to a new culture than immigrants do when they return home. When you go back to your home country after living abroad, you are suddenly faced with a new culture and the loss of some of your old habits. When you first go out into the world, people may be patient and understanding, knowing that a newcomer needs time to adjust. People should not expect that patience and understanding are necessary for returning travelers. The light and sound show in the pyramid is one of the most interesting things to do in the area for kids. You can see the pyramids at night and in the daytime before the shows start. Typically, you will be able to hear the sounds of the tourists and the vendors. The story of the lights and sounds is not lost on the tourist. The Sphinx is the backdrop and the story line for this long tale. Scenes will be projected onto the pyramids and the pyramids themselves will be lit. The South Shetland Islands, discovered in 1819, are claimed by several countries and have the largest number of bases, with sixteen active in 2020. The archipelago is 120 km north of the mainland. The largest island is King George Island with the base Villa Las Estrellas. Others include Livingston Island and Deception Island, which are both calderas filled with active volcanoes and glaciers. Ellsworth Land is a region in the southern parts of the Antarctic Peninsula, surrounded by the Bellingshausen Sea. The mountains of the Peninsula are connected to the plateau, and then connected again to form the 360 km (220 mi) long Ellsworth Range, which is split in two by the Minnesota Glacier. The northern or Sentinel Range has the highest peak in Antarctica, Vinson Massif, at 4,892 metres (16,050 ft). In remote locations without cell phone coverage, a satellite phone may be the only way to call for help. A satellite phone is not generally a replacement for a regular phone, as you need to be out of range of normal telephones in order to make satellite calls. This service is often used by ships, including passenger ships, and expeditions which have a limited amount of satellite data and voice communications. Your local phone service provider should be able to provide more detailed information on how to connect to this service. An increasingly popular option for a gap year is to travel and learn. This is a very popular option for gap year students, allowing them to take a year out before going to university, without compromising their education. In many cases, studying a year abroad will actually increase your chances of securing a job within the education sector in your home country. It is usual for tuition fees to be charged for these types of educational programs. Finland is an ideal destination for those who enjoy outdoor activities. Known as the "Land of a Thousand Lakes", it has thousands of islands scattered across its lakes and rivers. You don't necessarily need a sailboat for island hopping and lake cruising. Although the coastline and inland lakes are large enough to accommodate any type of sailing boat, small boats and kayaks offer a different experience. Boating is a popular national pastime in Finland, with every seven or eight people owning their own boat. This is similar to Norway, Sweden and New Zealand, which are also quite expensive. Most Baltic cruises include a substantial amount of time in St. Petersburg, Russia. This means that you can visit historical cities for a few days on your way back home and sleep aboard the ship at night. If you only go ashore for the day using your ship's tender service, you won't need a separate visa (effective as of 2009). Some cruise lines include a visit to Berlin, Germany on their itineraries. As you can see on the map above, Berlin is not directly next to the sea and a visit to the city is not included in the price of the cruise. Flying can be a traumatic experience for anyone at any age and background, especially those who are new to flying or who have had a traumatic event. This is not something to be ashamed of: it is no different from being afraid or feeling uncomfortable about anything else. For some people, understanding how planes work and how they are controlled can help to overcome the fear that is based on the unknown or a feeling of being out of control. Courier companies are usually paid a premium to deliver items quickly. Often, speed is important with business documents, trades, or spare parts for emergency repairs. In some cases, larger companies have their own aircraft, but for shorter routes and smaller companies there are problems. If they are shipping something via airmail, it can take anywhere from a few days to a week for it to be delivered and processed through customs. One way to do this more quickly is to submit it as checked baggage. Airline rules do not allow them to accept baggage without a passenger, so you'll need to be there to collect it. Obviously, the easiest way to fly in first or business class is to pay the full price for it (or, better yet, have your company pay for it). However, this is not a budget option, as a rough guide you should expect to pay around four times the normal rates for a business, and eleven times for a first class! In fact, there is no reason to seek discounts for business class or first class flights from A to B. Airlines know that there is a certain percentage of travelers who are willing to pay a premium for the convenience of a direct flight to their destination, and pass that cost on. The capital of Moldova is Chişinău. The official language is Romanian, but Russian is widely spoken. Moldova is a multi-ethnic republic that has been plagued by ethnic conflict. In 1994, this conflict led to the creation of the Transnistrian Republic, which declared itself independent of Moldova, has its own government and currency but is not recognized by any UN member state. Economic relations have been rebuilt to some extent between the two parts of Moldova despite the political deadlock. The main religion in Moldova is Orthodox Christianity. Izmir is Turkey's third-largest city and the country's second-largest port after Istanbul, with a population of about 3.7 million people. Its ancient past as the city of Smyrna is still evident in its modern, vibrant and busy commercial center located next to a large natural harbor and surrounded by mountains. Large streets, modern glass buildings, and a traditional bazaar are marked by red minarets, 18th-century mosques, and old churches, though the city has a more Mediterranean feel than traditional Turkish cities. The settlement of Haldarsvík offers a view of the neighboring island of Eysturoy and has another octagonal church. In the church, there are marble carvings of doves on some of the tombs. It takes about half an hour to circumnavigate the charming village. Towards the north and easily accessible is the romantic and attractive town of Sintra, made famous after the story of its glorious past recorded by Lord Byron. Bas Scotturb 403 regularly travels to Sintra, stopping at Cabo da Roca. Also in the north, visit the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fatima (Shrine), one of the world's most famous Marian pilgrimage sites. Please remember that you are basically visiting a large graveyard, which also happens to be a place with almost incalculable historical and cultural significance for a large part of the world's population. Still many men and women, both Jewish and non-Jewish, who survived the place, and many more who had loved ones murdered or worked as slave laborers there, to this day, do not forgive the Germans, not even the non-Nazis. Please consider this place to be holy, solemn and respectful. Jokes about the Holocaust or Nazis are inappropriate. It is illegal to deface property with marking or graffiti on any structure. The official language of Barcelona is Catalan and Spanish. About half of the population prefers to speak Catalan because a large number of people are native speakers and almost all know Spanish. However, all signs are only in Catalan due to a local law which made it the region's official language. However, French is also commonly spoken in public transport and other facilities. Announcements on the Metro system are only made in Catalan, but the unplanned disruption was announced by the automated system in Spanish, English, French, Arabic and Japanese. Parisians have a reputation for being egocentric, rude and pretentious. Although this is a somewhat inaccurate stereotype, the best way to approach Paris is to act like a well-brought-up person. This will make it easier for you to navigate the city. The Parisian's cold demeanour will soon disappear if you show some basic courtesy. The Plitvice Lakes National Park is filled with thick forest, mainly beech, birch, and fir trees, and has a characteristic blend of Alpine and Mediterranean vegetation. It has a varied flora, due to the different microclimates, different types of soil and the different altitudes. The area is also home to a number of different animal and bird species. Rarer species including European brown bears, wolves, eagles, owls, lynx, wildcats and capercaillie can also be found there, as well as a number of more common species. While visiting monasteries, women are required to wear skirts that cover their knees and scarves to cover their shoulders. Most monasteries provide bedding for the women who come without, but if you bring your own bedding, especially a colorful bedspread, you will probably be rewarded with a smile and a nod of the head from the abbot or the nun at the door. Following this, men were required to wear long robes that covered their legs. These can also be borrowed from the wardrobe on arrival, but the clothes are not washed after every use so you may not find them to be a very hygienic option. One size fits all men! Majorcan cuisine, like that of the rest of the Mediterranean, is based on bread, vegetables and meat (mainly pork), and uses plenty of olive oil. A popular quick meal, especially in summer, is Pa amb Oli: Bread with tomato relish, olive oil and anything else available such as cheese, tuna fish, and so on. All words, including Sie's to you, always begin with a capital letter, even in the middle of a sentence. This is an important way to distinguish between verbs and nouns. It can be argued that it makes reading easier, though, as inflected forms of verbs and adjectives are replaced by their uninflected forms as nouns. Italian pronunciation is relatively easy because most words are pronounced more or less the way they are spelled. The main words to notice are c and g, because of their different pronunciations depending on the following vowel. Also, remember to pronounce r and rr differently: caro means dear, while carro means carriage. Persian has a relatively simple and regular alphabet. Thus, mastering these basic grammatical rules will help you to better understand Parsee syntax and improve your understanding of Parsee phrases. It goes without saying that if you know the Romance languages, it will be easier for you to learn Portuguese. However, many people who know a little Spanish are able to make out that Portuguese is similar enough to not warrant its own instruction. A traditional hall is not used today, and has been preserved as a museum, or a place for education. Light pollution was not a problem in ancient times, except perhaps in some cities or on campuses, where it was easier to reach the sky with a telescope than with the naked eye. Most modern observatories are large facilities in remote areas with a favourable view of the sky. Traditional cherry blossom viewing, known as hanami, is an integral part of Japanese culture dating back to the 8th century. The concept comes from China, where plum blossoms are a popular symbol. In Japan, the first cherry blossom festival was held in 718 by an emperor for himself and his court nobles near the Imperial Palace. Plants look their best when they are around their original habitat, so it is best to resist the temptation to take "just one" specimen. If you visit a formal botanical garden, collecting "specimens" will almost certainly get you into trouble. Singapore is generally very safe and it is easy to find your way around. You can pretty much buy anything once you arrive. But put it in a "tropical high pressure" area a few degrees north of the equator and you will get hot and sunny days (always) and few clouds in the sky (when it is not raining, which is seldom). There are several tombs in Hebron, the traditional burial place of the patriarchs of the Bible, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and their wives. That was the base from which you thought you were going to go to Hebron and not only to the Jewish settlement of Kiryat Arba. Inland waterways can be a good theme for a start of a journey. For example, a visit to the castles of the Loire Valley, the hillside vineyards of the Rhine Valley or a boat trip along the Danube or a cruise along the Erie Canal. They also announced a path for pedestrians and cyclists. Christmas Day is one of the most important days in the Christian religion and is celebrated as Jesus's birthday. Most of these holiday traditions are also practiced by those who are not religious in Christian countries and non-Christian countries around the world. There is a tradition of staying up all night on Easter Eve somewhere out in the open where you can see the sun rise. There is, of course, a Christian theological explanation for this tradition, but it is more likely to be a pre-Christian Spring and Fertility festival. Traditional churches often hold a Maundy Thursday service on the Thursday evening of Holy Week, with parishioners staying up until midnight to celebrate the Lord's Supper. All of the animals that originally arrived on the island either swam, flew, or floated over. Because of how remote the islands are, most of the animals are not able to make the journey back to the mainland, so the giant tortoises are the prime attraction on the Galapagos Islands. Since humans arrived in the Galapagos, a large number of land animals have been introduced including goats, horses, cows, pigs, rats, and even dogs and cats. If you visit the Arctic or Antarctic during the winter you will experience polar night, when the sun doesn't rise above the horizon. This offers a good chance of seeing the northern lights as the sky is quite dark most of the night. Because these areas are so sparsely populated, light pollution is usually not a problem, so you can enjoy the stars. Japanese working culture is more hierarchical and formal than most Western countries. A suit is the standard business attire, and friends call each other by their last name or job title. A harmonious workplace is essential, emphasizing team efforts over individual accomplishments. Workers are generally required to get permission from their supervisors for any decisions they make, and are expected to comply with their supervisors' instructions without question.