id
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7
8
input_prompt
stringlengths
434
2.75k
correct_answer
stringclasses
3 values
choice_logits
stringlengths
40
41
best_choice
stringclasses
3 values
model_score
stringclasses
2 values
12377809
Context: Dyschesia can be provoked by inappropriate defecation movements. The aim of this prospective study was to demonstrate dysfunction of the anal sphincter and/or the musculus (m.) puborectalis in patients with dyschesia using anorectal endosonography. Twenty consecutive patients with a medical history of dyschesi...
yes
yes:-11.9261; no:-17.2854; maybe:-19.0589
yes
Correct
26163474
Context: Sublingual varices have earlier been related to ageing, smoking and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sublingual varices are related to presence of hypertension. In an observational clinical study among 431 dental patients tongue status and blood pressure were documented....
yes
yes:-9.5982; no:-15.7154; maybe:-20.7862
yes
Correct
19100463
Context: Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive drug used in organ transplantation. Because of its substantial toxic effects, narrow therapeutic index, and interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, therapeutic drug monitoring of whole-blood tacrolimus concentrations has been recommended. We investigated the compar...
yes
yes:-11.1834; no:-15.4530; maybe:-14.0662
yes
Correct
18537964
Context: To determine the impact of a physician's specialty on the frequency and depth of medication history documented in patient medical records. A cross-sectional assessment of the frequency and depth of medication history information documented by 123 physicians for 900 randomly selected patients stratified across ...
yes
yes:-9.6879; no:-15.6450; maybe:-21.0045
yes
Correct
12913878
Context: Nd:YAG laser-induced thermo therapy (LITT) of rat brains is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes. We address the question of whether LITT-induced locoregional disruption of the BBB could possibly allow a locoregional passage of chemotherapeutic agents into brain tissue to treat malign...
yes
yes:-10.6303; no:-16.6733; maybe:-13.4585
yes
Correct
12765819
Context: A case of spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm is described. Such a case has never been reported. A 52-year-old woman underwent a craniotomy for a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm. A computed tomography scan showed that SAH ex...
yes
yes:-10.4478; no:-16.8110; maybe:-16.6900
yes
Correct
25475395
Context: For women, the correlation between circulating androgens and sexual desire is inconclusive. Substitution with androgens at physiological levels improves sexual function in women who experience decreased sexual desire and androgen deficiency from surgical menopause, pituitary disease, and age-related decline in...
yes
yes:-13.0373; no:-18.6447; maybe:-13.9318
yes
Correct
19130332
Context: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of fatality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zeolite mineral (QuikClot - Advanced Clotting Sponge [QC-ACS]) on blood loss and physiological variables in a swine extremity arterial injury model. Sixteen swine were used. Oblique groin incision was ...
yes
yes:-12.1322; no:-16.8548; maybe:-16.0306
yes
Correct
9427037
Context: The most common primary brain tumors in children and adults are of astrocytic origin. Classic histologic grading schemes for astrocytomas have included evaluating the presence or absence of nuclear abnormalities, mitoses, vascular endothelial proliferation, and tumor necrosis. We evaluated the vascular pattern...
yes
yes:-9.7555; no:-15.5172; maybe:-11.5992
yes
Correct
24481006
Context: 79 adjacent proximal surfaces without restorations in permanent teeth were examined. Patients suspected to have carious lesions after a visual clinical and a bitewing examination participated in a CBCT examination (Kodak 9000 3D, 5 × 3.7 cm field of view, voxel size 0.07 mm). Ethical approval and informed cons...
yes
yes:-9.7869; no:-14.3807; maybe:-17.5018
yes
Correct
8165771
Context: As part of the staging procedure in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, we assessed the role of ultrasound examination, in particular its role in assessing the extent and the invasion into the corpora. From 1988 until 1992, all patients referred for primary treatment underwent ultrasound assessment with a 7....
yes
yes:-13.4159; no:-15.7205; maybe:-10.2362
maybe
Incorrect
22680064
Context: To determine the ability of early sonogram to predict the presentation of twin A at birth. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all twin pregnancies evaluated at our Fetal Evaluation Unit from 2007 to 2009. Sonogram records were reviewed for the presentation of twin A at seven gestational age interval...
yes
yes:-11.3586; no:-14.6320; maybe:-14.2180
yes
Correct
22540518
Context: To analyze the reliability of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to assess bone density and the microstructure of the maxillary bones at the alveolar process in human clinics by direct comparison with conventional stereologic-based histomorphometry. Analysis of osseous microstructural variables including bon...
yes
yes:-10.4208; no:-16.2646; maybe:-18.8954
yes
Correct
20629769
Context: The National Infarct Angioplasty Project assessed the feasibility of establishing a comprehensive primary angioplasty service. We aimed to compare satisfaction at intervention hospitals offering angioplasty-based care and control hospitals offering thrombolysis-based care. Mixed methods, with postal survey of ...
yes
yes:-14.7262; no:-17.1481; maybe:-11.7575
maybe
Incorrect
21726930
Context: Endometrial polyp is a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, but the etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is angiogenic, related to thick walled vessels and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is related to fibrotic tissue, which are characteristics of ...
yes
yes:-10.6403; no:-16.6130; maybe:-18.8278
yes
Correct
21481154
Context: Our hypothesis is that the adoption of Department of Health (DH) guidance has led to an improvement in outcome in gynaecological cancer survival. In 1999 the DH in England introduced the Improving Outcomes in Gynaecological Cancer guidance, advising case management by multidisciplinary teams with surgical conc...
yes
yes:-13.3898; no:-14.0539; maybe:-11.5695
maybe
Incorrect
22902073
Context: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether knowledge of ultrasound-obtained estimated fetal weight (US-EFW) is a risk factor for cesarean delivery (CD). Retrospective cohort from a single center in 2009-2010 of singleton, term live births. CD rates were compared for women with and without US-EFW with...
yes
yes:-10.1425; no:-15.4823; maybe:-19.4140
yes
Correct
26370095
Context: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of up to £400 worth of financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy as an adjunct to routine health care. Cost-effectiveness analysis based on a Phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a cost-utility analysis using a life-time Markov model. The RCT was un...
yes
yes:-15.9897; no:-17.5151; maybe:-12.4155
maybe
Incorrect
18041059
Context: Despite the advantages from using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) compared with tamoxifen for early breast cancer, an unexpectedly greater number of grade 3 and 4 cardiovascular events (CVAE) (as defined by National Cancer Institute of Canada-Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0] was demonstrated. Phase 3 randomiz...
yes
yes:-10.6348; no:-14.4630; maybe:-13.7833
yes
Correct
15041506
Context: Sources of reports about laparoscopic and percutaneous treatment of liver hydatid cysts are limited to just a few countries. To address the reason behind this, we carried out a survey of 30 surgeons in northern Jordan. A questionnaire was distributed to collect data regarding the surgical technique preferred b...
yes
yes:-13.3451; no:-17.2865; maybe:-16.6537
yes
Correct
11146778
Context: The APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score used as an intensive care unit (ICU) admission score in emergency surgical patients is not independent of the effects of treatment and might lead to considerable bias in the comparability of defined groups of patients and in the evaluation...
yes
yes:-14.3142; no:-13.2243; maybe:-11.8337
maybe
Incorrect
27281318
Context: This study aims to study femoral tunnel lengths drilled with a flexible reamer and the distance to important lateral structures obtained by flexing the knee at various angles and by drilling the guide pins arthroscopically to resemble clinical practice. The purpose of this cadaveric study was twofold: 1. to de...
yes
yes:-12.1245; no:-14.9058; maybe:-10.4214
maybe
Incorrect
21645374
Context: Programmed cell death (PCD) is the regulated death of cells within an organism. The lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) produces perforations in its leaves through PCD. The leaves of the plant consist of a latticework of longitudinal and transverse veins enclosing areoles. PCD occurs in the cells at the c...
yes
yes:-11.4603; no:-17.1127; maybe:-20.2504
yes
Correct
9465206
Context: We investigated the actual role of MRI versus arthroscopy in the detection and characterization of occult bone and/or cartilage injuries in patients with previous musculoskeletal trauma of the knee, pain and severe functional impairment. Occult post-traumatic osteochondral injuries of the knee are trauma-relat...
yes
yes:-12.5209; no:-12.7319; maybe:-10.0600
maybe
Incorrect
25887165
Context: Patients usually complain about numbness in the nasal tip after microfat injections. The present study evaluated the severity of the numbness in the nasal tip after the procedure. To address the research question, a prospective study of young women was designed and performed at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Tim...
yes
yes:-10.3576; no:-15.0295; maybe:-17.6467
yes
Correct
15995461
Context: This article examines the hypothesis that the six U.S. states with the highest rates of road traffic deaths (group 1 states) also had above-average rates of other forms of injury such as falling, poisoning, drowning, fire, suffocation, homicide, and suicide, and also for the retail trade and construction indus...
yes
yes:-11.2824; no:-15.5481; maybe:-17.7512
yes
Correct
21850494
Context: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the functional renal failure associated with advanced cirrhosis and has also been described in fulminant hepatic failure. Without liver transplantation its prognosis is dismal. Our study included patients with type 1 HRS associated with cirrhosis, who were not liver transplant can...
yes
yes:-14.2807; no:-16.8744; maybe:-11.6557
maybe
Incorrect
19106867
Context: Recent suicide bombings pose the novel problem for Trauma Centers of the massive simultaneous arrival of many gravely wounded patients. We report the experience of the French-German Military Trauma Group, a Level 2 Trauma Center, in Afghanistan during the wave of suicide bombings in February 2007. Fourteen cas...
yes
yes:-12.4825; no:-14.9005; maybe:-13.2012
yes
Correct
21342862
Context: To evaluate the construct validity of the Turkish version of the EQ-5D in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study at the Trakya University Hospital between February and May 2008. All patients completed the Turkish version of the EQ-5D and MacNew heart-related q...
yes
yes:-11.0127; no:-14.6338; maybe:-15.8994
yes
Correct
24352924
Context: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ultrasonography to confirm Schanz pin placement in a cadaveric model, and the interobserver repeatability of the ultrasound methodology. This investigation is a repeated measures cadaveric study with multiple examiners. Cadaveric preparation and obse...
yes
yes:-15.6354; no:-14.9792; maybe:-11.8815
maybe
Incorrect
16147837
Context: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes among grandmultiparous women to those of multiparous women 30 years or older. A database of the vast majority of maternal and newborn hospital discharge records linked to birth/death certificates was queried to obtain information on all multiparous women with a singlet...
yes
yes:-11.0989; no:-16.5208; maybe:-19.9651
yes
Correct
26879871
Context: Studies have linked ethnic differences in depression rates with neighbourhood ethnic density although results have not been conclusive. We looked at this using a novel approach analysing whole population data covering just over one million GP patients in four London boroughs. Using a dataset of GP records for ...
yes
yes:-10.9450; no:-15.5661; maybe:-16.2262
yes
Correct
15918864
Context: Little is known about how information needs change over time in the early postpartum period or about how these needs might differ given socioeconomic circumstances. This study's aim was to examine women's concerns at the time of hospital discharge and unmet learning needs as self-identified at 4 weeks after di...
yes
yes:-13.7507; no:-19.2839; maybe:-17.0593
yes
Correct
22075911
Context: Figures from the British Defence Dental Services reveal that serving personnel in the British Army have a persistently lower level of dental fitness than those in the Royal Navy or the Royal Air Force. No research had been undertaken to ascertain if this reflects the oral health of recruits joining each Servic...
yes
yes:-9.2963; no:-15.0541; maybe:-19.0815
yes
Correct
11035130
Context: It is postulated that some aspects of methotrexate toxicity may be related to its action as an anti-folate. Folic acid (FA) is often given as an adjunct to methotrexate therapy, but there is no conclusive proof that it decreases the toxicity of methotrexate and there is a theoretical risk that it may decrease ...
yes
yes:-16.8719; no:-12.7001; maybe:-11.0985
maybe
Incorrect
21228436
Context: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a patient-safety curriculum administered during a paediatric clerkship on medical students' attitudes towards patient safety. Medical students viewed an online video introducing them to systems-based analyses of medical errors. Faculty presented an exampl...
yes
yes:-11.3098; no:-15.5911; maybe:-15.0637
yes
Correct
11833948
Context: To detemine the relationship between delay in transfer to rehabilitation wards and outcome for patients aged over 75 years with fracture of the proximal femur. An observational study in a district general hospital of all patients admitted to hospital aged over 75 years with fracture of the proximal femur over ...
yes
yes:-11.1566; no:-15.2152; maybe:-14.8988
yes
Correct
17682349
Context: To identify gender differences in delay time and the reasons why African Americans delay in seeking medical care for symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cross-sectional. Five hospitals in the San Francisco and East Bay areas. Sixty-one African American men and women diagnosed with an AMI. Prehospita...
yes
yes:-11.7123; no:-14.7045; maybe:-12.0873
yes
Correct
17355582
Context: The validity of quality of care measurement has important implications for practicing clinicians, their patients, and all involved with health care delivery. We used empirical data from managed care patients enrolled in west coast physician organizations to test the hypothesis that observed changes in health-r...
yes
yes:-12.2298; no:-16.0384; maybe:-16.8470
yes
Correct
15597845
Context: The endogenous estradiol metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cell growth and a strong anti-angiogenic substance. We investigated for the first time whether in vitro combinations of 2ME with various chemotherapeutic compounds may result in an additive inhibitory effe...
yes
yes:-14.1426; no:-16.1739; maybe:-11.0489
maybe
Incorrect
10158597
Context: To evaluate the effectiveness of the role of a discharge coordinator whose sole responsibility was to plan and coordinate the discharge of patients from medical wards. An intervention study in which the quality of discharge planning was assessed before and after the introduction of a discharge coordinator. Pat...
yes
yes:-11.7533; no:-16.7103; maybe:-16.0697
yes
Correct
27549226
Context: The "health workforce" crisis has led to an increased interest in health professional education, including MPH programs. Recently, it was questioned whether training of mid- to higher level cadres in public health prepared graduates with competencies to strengthen health systems in low- and middle-income count...
yes
yes:-13.9781; no:-20.2525; maybe:-20.9205
yes
Correct
26348845
Context: Rapid prescreening (RPS) is one of the quality assurance (QA) methods used in gynecologic cytology. The efficacy of RPS has been previously studied but mostly with respect to squamous lesions; in fact, there has been no study so far specifically looking at the sensitivity of RPS for detecting glandular cell ab...
yes
yes:-12.8385; no:-14.5299; maybe:-11.0494
maybe
Incorrect
25588461
Context: Disorders of consciousness (DOC) diagnosis relies on the presence or absence of purposeful motor responsiveness, which characterizes the minimally conscious state (MCS) and the unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), respectively. Functional neuroimaging studies have raised the question of possible residual c...
yes
yes:-13.4400; no:-18.1333; maybe:-11.9790
maybe
Incorrect
23359100
Context: Heterotopic ossification is a common complication after total hip arthroplasty. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to prevent heterotopic ossifications effectively, however gastrointestinal complaints are reported frequently. In this study, we investigated whether etoricoxib, a selective ...
yes
yes:-12.9761; no:-16.3433; maybe:-13.0621
yes
Correct
26548832
Context: Longitudinally following patients requires a full-time employee (FTE)-dependent data inflow infrastructure. There are efforts to capture patient-reported outcomes (PROs) by the use of non-FTE-dependent methodologies. In this study, we set out to assess the reliability of PRO data captured via FTE-dependent com...
yes
yes:-13.1524; no:-13.6875; maybe:-10.3633
maybe
Incorrect
25756710
Context: To validate a clinical diagnostic tool, used by emergency physicians (EPs), to diagnose the central cause of patients presenting with vertigo, and to determine interrater reliability of this tool. A convenience sample of adult patients presenting to a single academic ED with isolated vertigo (i.e. vertigo with...
yes
yes:-11.1903; no:-15.7293; maybe:-12.5496
yes
Correct
20297950
Context: To investigate the effect of fenofibrate on sleep apnoea indices. Proof-of-concept study comprising a placebo run-in period (1 week, 5 weeks if fibrate washout was required) and a 4-week randomized, double-blind treatment period. Thirty-four subjects (mean age 55 years, body mass index 34 kg/m 2 , fasting trig...
yes
yes:-13.3029; no:-15.0061; maybe:-10.4123
maybe
Incorrect
24622801
Context: Implant-related infections represent one of the most severe complications in orthopaedics. A fast-resorbable, antibacterial-loaded hydrogel may reduce or prevent bacterial colonization and biofilm formation of implanted biomaterials.QUESTIONS/ We asked: (1) Is a fast-resorbable hydrogel able to deliver antibac...
yes
yes:-12.2257; no:-17.1027; maybe:-19.2530
yes
Correct
9722752
Context: To evaluate the outcome of a new modification of percutaneous needle suspension, using a bone anchor system for fixing the suture at the public bone, and to compare the results with those published previously. From March 1996, 37 patients with stress urinary incontinence (>2 years) were treated using a bone an...
yes
yes:-12.6443; no:-16.2654; maybe:-16.0310
yes
Correct
20577124
Context: Hyperleptinemia and oxidative stress play a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in obesity. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between plasma levels of leptin and phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, and its potential...
yes
yes:-11.8756; no:-16.7506; maybe:-19.2223
yes
Correct
19027440
Context: The objectives of this study were to investigate longitudinal predictors of fear of recurrence in survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) using Leventhal's Common Sense Model (CSM) as a framework. The research questions were as follows: (a) to what extent do HNC patients report fear of cancer recurrence? (b) T...
yes
yes:-13.6592; no:-14.2138; maybe:-11.3623
maybe
Incorrect
18239988
Context: Specific markers for differentiation of nonalcoholic (NASH) from alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) are lacking. We investigated the role of routine laboratory parameters in distinguishing NASH from ASH. Liver biopsies performed at our hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed, 95 patients with steatohepatitis...
yes
yes:-10.8980; no:-16.6949; maybe:-16.0738
yes
Correct
27858166
Context: Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) is a rare but life-threatening type of injury. We investigate whether the anatomy of the aortic arch influences the severity of aortic injury. This is a retrospective study of twenty-two cases treated with TEVAR for TAI in our department from 2009 to 2014. Aortic injury was assess...
yes
yes:-12.5817; no:-16.0153; maybe:-18.5875
yes
Correct
27050489
Context: Misty mesentery appearance is commonly reported in daily practice, usually as a secondary finding of various pathological entities, but sometimes it is encountered as an isolated finding that cannot be attributed to any other disease entity. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cases with incidentally detected...
yes
yes:-13.7496; no:-14.4410; maybe:-10.2574
maybe
Incorrect
16266387
Context: Lifestyle changes over the last 30 years are the most likely explanation for the increase in allergic disease over this period.AIM: This study tests the hypothesis that the consumption of fast food is related to the prevalence of asthma and allergy. As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in...
yes
yes:-11.5175; no:-16.6229; maybe:-16.7870
yes
Correct
27287237
Context: Little is known about the validity and reliability of expert assessments of the quality of antimicrobial prescribing, despite their importance in antimicrobial stewardship. We investigated how infectious disease doctors' assessments compared with a reference standard (modal expert opinion) and with the assessm...
yes
yes:-11.7046; no:-16.9780; maybe:-17.5815
yes
Correct
11079675
Context: The purpose of this study is to evaluate right ventricular (RV) volume and function after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) and to address the issue of optimal surgical timing in these patients. Chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) leads to RV dilation and an incre...
yes
yes:-13.1408; no:-13.6291; maybe:-9.5158
maybe
Incorrect
10331115
Context: All currently available atypical antipsychotics have, at clinically relevant doses: i) high serotonin (5-HT)2 occupancy; ii) greater 5-HT2 than dopamine (D)2 occupancy; and iii) a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side effects when their D2 occupancy exceeds 80%. A review of pharmacologic and behavioral data ...
yes
yes:-10.7415; no:-15.4173; maybe:-16.2102
yes
Correct
18594195
Context: Refusal of patients to participate in intervention programs is an important problem in clinical trials but, in general, researchers devote relatively little attention to it. In this article, a comparison is made between patients who, after having been invited, agreed to participate in a self-management interve...
yes
yes:-12.0293; no:-13.6933; maybe:-14.7012
yes
Correct
22497340
Context: To clarify whether horizontal canal ocular reflex is influenced by otolith organs input. The subjects were seven healthy humans. The right ear was stimulated using ice-water. Each subject was kept in a left-ear-down position for 20 s and then repositioned to a prone position, a right-ear-down position and a su...
yes
yes:-13.7760; no:-14.7603; maybe:-12.2017
maybe
Incorrect
16769333
Context: Despite surgical refinements, perioperative use of tracheobronchoscopy (TBS) as part of surgical approach to esophageal atresia (EA) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative TBS in newborns with EA in preventing complications and improving diagnosis and su...
yes
yes:-13.1792; no:-16.7417; maybe:-13.9604
yes
Correct
20571467
Context: Kidneys from elderly donors tend to be implanted in recipients who are also elderly. We present the results obtained after 10 years of evolution on transplanting elderly kidneys into young recipients. Ninety-one consecutive transplants are studied, carried out in our center with kidneys from cadaver donors old...
yes
yes:-15.4997; no:-13.6833; maybe:-11.9801
maybe
Incorrect
12094116
Context: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between leg muscle power and sprinting speed with changes of direction. the study was designed to describe relationships between physical qualities and a component of sports performance. testing was conducted in an indoor sports hall and a biomechanic...
yes
yes:-16.2414; no:-15.9210; maybe:-12.1828
maybe
Incorrect
17276182
Context: This study sought to evaluate mutations in genes encoding the slow component of the cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current (I(Ks)) channel in familial atrial fibrillation (AF). Although AF can have a genetic etiology, links between inherited gene defects and acquired factors such as atrial stretch have not been ...
yes
yes:-10.7493; no:-15.6907; maybe:-14.9446
yes
Correct
26419377
Context: The purpose of this study was to evaluate safe depth for suture anchor insertion during acetabular labral repair and to determine the neighbouring structures at risk during drilling and anchor insertion. Ten human cadaveric hips (six males and four females) were obtained. Acetabular labral surface was prepared...
yes
yes:-9.8289; no:-15.5086; maybe:-12.3523
yes
Correct
23810330
Context: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) aims to control nerve-sparing total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in order to improve patients' functional outcome. This study was designed to compare the urogenital and anorectal functional outcome of TME with and without IONM of innervation to the bladder a...
yes
yes:-12.3712; no:-16.6798; maybe:-12.2228
maybe
Incorrect
15151701
Context: We sought to develop a more reliable structured implicit chart review instrument for use in assessing the quality of care for chronic disease and to examine if ratings are more reliable for conditions in which the evidence base for practice is more developed. We conducted a reliability study in a cohort with p...
yes
yes:-9.4252; no:-14.7651; maybe:-13.2924
yes
Correct
23736032
Context: A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to breast cancer management is the gold standard. The aim is to evaluate MDT decision making in a modern breast unit. All referrals to the breast MDT where breast cancer was diagnosed from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2011 were included. Multidisciplinary team decisions were c...
yes
yes:-13.8121; no:-14.3980; maybe:-11.1168
maybe
Incorrect
28143468
Context: Prior literature identified the use of Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) as crucial in addressing improved processes of care. Moreover, a strategic use of PMS has been found to enhance quality, compared to non-strategic use, although a clear understanding of this linkage is still to be achieved. This paper...
yes
yes:-13.4047; no:-18.3325; maybe:-18.2094
yes
Correct
23495128
Context: The aim of the present study was to explore patients' views on the acceptability and feasibility of using colour to describe osteoarthritis (OA) pain, and whether colour could be used to communicate pain to healthcare professionals. Six group interviews were conducted with 17 patients with knee OA. Discussion ...
yes
yes:-13.2269; no:-17.0863; maybe:-11.8753
maybe
Incorrect
12121321
Context: Mossy fibers are the sole excitatory projection from dentate gyrus granule cells to the hippocampus, forming part of the trisynaptic hippocampal circuit. They undergo significant plasticity during epileptogenesis and have been implicated in seizure generation. Mossy fibers are a highly unusual projection in th...
yes
yes:-10.0598; no:-16.0441; maybe:-16.4191
yes
Correct
18570208
Context: To determine the association between fetal biometry in the first or early second trimester and severe macrosomia at delivery. This case-control study included 30 term severely macrosomic neonates; 90 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonates served as controls. All pregnancies underwent nuchal translucenc...
yes
yes:-13.8431; no:-11.7571; maybe:-14.7220
no
Incorrect
28707539
Context: Measurement of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) needs to be accurate and sensitive to change for risk monitoring. The purpose of this study is to determine the CT slice location where VAT area can best reflect changes in VAT volume and body weight. 60 plain abdominal CT images from 30 males [mean age (range) 51 (...
yes
yes:-16.1559; no:-11.7223; maybe:-18.0074
no
Incorrect
22117569
Context: An effective advance care planning programme involves an organizational wide commitment and preparedness for health service reform to embed advance care planning into routine practice. Internationally, such programmes have been implemented predominantly in aged and acute care with more recent work in primary c...
yes
yes:-11.4351; no:-15.6383; maybe:-19.2486
yes
Correct
18783922
Context: We analyzed cytokines levels in patients with epilepsy and new onset seizure and correlated it with various parameters. After obtaining consent, serum samples from 100 patients with epilepsy or new onset seizure were prospectively collected in the immediate post-ictal phase. In 16 patients, a second sample was...
yes
yes:-10.3144; no:-15.4941; maybe:-17.7598
yes
Correct
15528969
Context: Current guidelines include a recommendation that a pathologist with expertise in breast disease review all ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) specimens due to the presence of significant variability in pathologic reporting of DCIS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the completeness and accuracy of patho...
yes
yes:-13.7375; no:-13.0500; maybe:-9.9250
maybe
Incorrect
19482903
Context: Earlier studies have demonstrated low peak oxygen uptake ((.)Vo(2)peak) in children with spina bifida. Low peak heart rate and low peak respiratory exchange ratio in these studies raised questions regarding the true maximal character of (.)Vo(2)peak values obtained with treadmill testing. The aim of this study...
yes
yes:-15.4696; no:-15.6922; maybe:-10.9735
maybe
Incorrect
11977907
Context: A side-to-side difference in systolic brachial arterial blood pressure is a common finding in subclavian artery stenosis and is frequently used as a screening tool for subclavian steal syndrome (SSS). It was the goal of this retrospective study to investigate the relationship between different vertebral artery...
yes
yes:-11.3712; no:-15.4259; maybe:-10.8556
maybe
Incorrect
17306983
Context: Enlargement of the ascending aorta is often combined with valvular, coronary, or other cardiac diseases. Reduction aortoplasty can be an optional therapy; however, indications regarding the diameter of aorta, the history of dilatation (poststenosis, bicuspid aortic valve), or the intraoperative management (wal...
yes
yes:-10.1859; no:-15.8422; maybe:-16.7406
yes
Correct
24318956
Context: Digoxin is a commonly used medication for heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias that has recently been suggested as a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Preclinical studies of prostate cancer (PCa) have shown anti-tumor activity with digoxin. We explore the relationship between use of digoxin and PCa risk. Data fro...
yes
yes:-15.6037; no:-11.9475; maybe:-15.9357
no
Incorrect
22266735
Context: The International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recently recommended new criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study was undertaken to determine whether adopting the IADPSG criteria would be cost-effective, compared with the current standard of care...
yes
yes:-13.9938; no:-15.9820; maybe:-10.6774
maybe
Incorrect
22453060
Context: Bystander resuscitation plays an important role in lifesaving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A significant reduction in the "no-flow-time", quantitatively better chest compressions and an improved quality of ventilation can be demonstrated during CPR using supraglottic airway devices (SADs). Previous stu...
yes
yes:-10.0805; no:-15.5883; maybe:-16.0297
yes
Correct
10401824
Context: Laparoscopic techniques can be used to treat patients whose antireflux surgery has failed. Case series. Two academic medical centers. Forty-six consecutive patients, of whom 21 were male and 25 were female (mean age, 55.6 years; range, 15-80 years). Previous antireflux procedures were laparoscopic (21 patients...
yes
yes:-10.3062; no:-15.9430; maybe:-19.2066
yes
Correct
15208005
Context: Low intakes or blood levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA) are independently associated with increased risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD). In randomized secondary prevention trials, fish or fish oil have been demonstrated to reduce total and CHD mortality at intakes of a...
yes
yes:-11.2442; no:-15.5059; maybe:-16.0098
yes
Correct
16713745
Context: Cytokine concentration in pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic disease is unknown. Secretin stimulation allows endoscopic collection of pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum. We aimed to evaluate the cytokine concentrations in pancreatic juice of patients with abdominal pain to discriminate prese...
yes
yes:-10.0960; no:-14.7171; maybe:-12.0413
yes
Correct
21864397
Context: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with lung metastasis alone has been reported as a relatively favorable prognostic group, and combined modality treatment might be indicated for selected cases. However, the prognostic factors determining survival of this group and the indication of combined therapy have not been ...
yes
yes:-11.6310; no:-16.6037; maybe:-14.2248
yes
Correct
25810292
Context: Traditional resectional techniques and chordal transfer are difficult to apply in video-assisted mitral valve repair. Using artificial chords appears easier in this setting. The purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness and reproducibility of neochordal repair as a routine approach to minimally inv...
yes
yes:-13.0700; no:-16.5153; maybe:-16.4801
yes
Correct
11943048
Context: To compare analgesic management of daily pain for dying nursing home residents enrolled and not enrolled in Medicare hospice. Retrospective, comparative cohort study. Over 800 nursing homes in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New York, and South Dakota. A subset of residents with daily pain near the end of life tak...
yes
yes:-11.7372; no:-14.8427; maybe:-12.6044
yes
Correct
23347337
Context: To provide equality of cancer care to rural patients, Townsville Cancer Centre administers intensive chemotherapy regimens to rural patients with node-positive breast and metastatic colorectal cancers at the same doses as urban patients. Side-effects were usually managed by rural general practitioners locally....
yes
yes:-13.9803; no:-14.7420; maybe:-10.3631
maybe
Incorrect
23992109
Context: The solitary kidney (SK) is currently debated in the literature, as living kidney donation is extensively used and the diagnosis of congenital SK is frequent. Tubulointerstitial lesions associated with adaptive phenomena may occur early within the SK. Analysis of the significance of urinary biomarkers in the a...
yes
yes:-9.9240; no:-15.2326; maybe:-18.2424
yes
Correct
10922093
Context: The use of open access endoscopy is increasing. Its effect on the adequacy of patient informed consent, procedure acceptance and the impact on subsequent communication/transfer of procedure results to the patient have not been evaluated. The aim of our study was to compare the extent of preknowledge of procedu...
yes
yes:-12.1038; no:-15.2835; maybe:-11.8226
maybe
Incorrect
26601554
Context: To investigate the role of viral infection in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). In this retrospective study, 483 patients with BPPV were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 461 healthy subjects. In both groups, serologic analysis of viral agents (HSV1, HSV2, Herpes zoster, EB...
yes
yes:-10.5952; no:-16.7320; maybe:-17.9585
yes
Correct
15489384
Context: Spasticity and loss of function in an affected arm are common after stroke. Although botulinum toxin is used to reduce spasticity, its functional benefits are less easily demonstrated. This paper reports an exploratory meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between reduced arm spasticity and improved ar...
yes
yes:-10.8347; no:-15.4011; maybe:-16.1980
yes
Correct
27818079
Context: This study evaluated the outcomes and complications of the surgical treatment of condylar fractures by the retromandibular transparotid approach. The authors hypothesized that such an approach would be safe and reliable for the treatment of most condylar fractures. A retrospective evaluation of patients who un...
yes
yes:-12.0007; no:-15.9187; maybe:-13.5554
yes
Correct
24340838
Context: Sudden death in athletes can occur during sport activities and is presumably related to ventricular arrhythmias. To investigate the long-term follow-up ofathletes with ventricular arrhythmias during an exercise test. From a database of 56,462 athletes we identified 192 athletes (35 years old who had ventricula...
yes
yes:-8.4896; no:-15.5755; maybe:-17.9310
yes
Correct
16971978
Context: Coronary atherosclerotic burden is excessive in diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent predictor for both death and myocardial infarction. It is not known whether the prevalence of complex coronary lesions, such as bifurcation and ostial lesions, is different in diabetics from nondiabetics...
yes
yes:-10.1732; no:-16.9975; maybe:-20.6898
yes
Correct
21689015
Context: Canine-assisted therapy has been receiving growing attention as a means of aiding children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, only limited studies have been done and a great deal of literature related to this intervention is anecdotal. The present study aims at providing additional quantitative evidence...
yes
yes:-12.1899; no:-14.9399; maybe:-10.2289
maybe
Incorrect
12846929
Context: As part of a prospective study on quality of life in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients an investigation was carried out to examine whether there were differences among patients' quality of life scores and their socioeconomic status. Quality of life was measured at two points in time (baseline and three mont...
yes
yes:-13.5392; no:-16.2384; maybe:-12.3361
maybe
Incorrect
22694248
Context: Although the retroperitoneal approach has been the preferred choice for open urological procedures, retroperitoneoscopy is not the preferred approach for laparoscopy. This study aims to develop a training model for retroperitoneoscopy and to establish an experimental learning curve. Fifteen piglets were operat...
yes
yes:-9.6263; no:-15.7904; maybe:-18.5912
yes
Correct