[ { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Effect of platelet-rich plasma and fibrin glue on healing of critical-size calvarial bone defects.\n\nDespite the insufficient number of experimental studies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) including high amounts of growth factors is introduced to clinical use rapidly. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on healing of critical-size bone defects.Bilateral full-thickness, critical-size bone defects were created in the parietal bones of 32 rabbits, which had been studied in 4 groups. Saline, thrombin solution, PPP, and PRP were applied to the created defects before closure. Radiologic defect area measurement results at 0, 4, and 16 weeks were compared between the groups. In addition, densities of the newly formed bones at 16th week were studied. Histologic parameters (primary and secondary bone trabecula, neovascularization, and bone marrow and connective tissue formation) were compared between 4- and 16-week groups.More rapid decrease in defect size was observed in groups 3 and 4 than in groups 1 and 2, both in the 4th and 16th weeks. Newly formed bone densities were also found to be higher in these 2 groups. New bone formation was detected to be more rapid considering histologic parameters, in groups 3 and 4 at 4th and 16th weeks.Study demonstrates that PRP and PPP might have favorable effects on bone healing. Although we cannot reveal any statistical difference between these 2 substances considering osteoinductive potential, PRP group has demonstrated superior results compared with fibrin glue group. Higher platelet concentrations may expose beneficial effects of PRP.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "c-Ski overexpression promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis through inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in diffuse-type gastric carcinoma.\n\nc-Ski, originally identified as a proto-oncogene product, is an important negative regulator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family signaling through interaction with Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4. High expression of c-Ski has been found in some cancers, including gastric cancer. We previously showed that disruption of TGF-beta signaling by dominant-negative TGF-beta type II receptor in a diffuse-type gastric carcinoma model accelerated tumor growth through induction of tumor angiogenesis by decreased expression of the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin (TSP)-1. Here, we examined the function of c-Ski in human diffuse-type gastric carcinoma OCUM-2MLN cells. Overexpression of c-Ski inhibited TGF-beta signaling in OCUM-2MLN cells. Interestingly, c-Ski overexpression resulted in extensive acceleration of the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu female mice (6 weeks of age). Similar to tumors expressing dominant-negative TGF-beta type II receptor, histochemical studies revealed less fibrosis and increased angiogenesis in xenografted tumors expressing c-Ski compared to control tumors. Induction of TSP-1 mRNA by TGF-beta was attenuated by c-Ski in vitro, and expression of TSP-1 mRNA was decreased in tumors expressing c-Ski in vivo. These findings suggest that c-Ski overexpression promotes the growth of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma through induction of angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "The effects of radiation on neovascularization in a rat model.\n\nIt is thought that radiation treatment inhibits neovascularization of recipient and/or graft tissues, and this may account in part for abnormalities in wound healing associated with radiation therapy. We have examined this hypothesis using a model that measures the neovascularization of an implanted foreign material. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheets were implanted adjacent to both superficial epigastric vascular pedicles of 63 rats distributed into 7 groups (n = 7) that differed with respect to dose and timing of irradiation. Zero to 10 daily fractions of electron-beam radiation (300 cGy each) were delivered to the implant in the right groin, while the implant in the left groin served as a nonirradiated internal control. Unirradiated animals showed equal neovascularization of both implants. Rats that were irradiated twice (single fractions at 0 and 24 hours after implantation) did not show a significant decrease in the neovascularization of the irradiated implant compared with the contralateral control implant. In contrast, the implants that were irradiated three times (single fractions at 0, 24, and 48 hours after implantation) demonstrated significantly diminished ( greater than 25 percent, p less than 0.05) neovascularization beyond day 7, whereas implants irradiated only at 48 hours after implantation did not. Interestingly, neovascularization of the implants irradiated with 10 fractions (3000 cGy) was not significantly decreased compared with irradiation with three fractions (900 cGy). Irradiation delivered before implantation (900 cGy) inhibited neovascularization significantly less than the same dose administered after implantation. The results of this study suggest that a subclinical cumulative dose of 900 cGy is the threshold for impaired tissue revascularization provided that treatment is delivered immediately after implantation over a 48-hour interval.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Study on the expression of angiogenesis and spontaneous apoptosis and their relevance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma]\n\nOBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among angiogenesis, spontaneous apoptosis and clinicopathological parameters in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHOD: The intratumor microvessel density (IMVD), apoptotic index (AI) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were detected by immunohistochemistry SABC and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) methods in34 LSCC patients. RESULT: The average IMVD was (21.50 +/- 8.87), and median of AI was 1.15%. The average IMVD in positive and negative cervical lymphatic metastasis was (26.33 +/- 9.70) and (17.68 +/- 6.06) respectively, and the IMVD with positive lymphatic metastasis tumors was statistical significantly higher than those with negative cervical lymphatic metastasis tumors (P less than 0.01). The average IMVD had statistical difference in histological grading (P less than 0.01), and analysis by one to one, the average IMVD had statistical difference between high and median grading. Expression of VEGF had a significantly positive correlation with IMVD (r = 0.51, P less than 0.01). Statistical analysis revealed a significantly inverse correlation between AI and IMVD (r = -0.53, P less than 0.01). We failed to find the statistical difference between IMVD and tumor T-stage in LSCC. CONCLUSION: IMVD may be an important indicator to predict cervical lymphatic metastasis in LSCC. VEGF might be an important angiogenic factor, and could promote tumor angiogenesis in LSCC. Tumor angiogenesis might contribute to tumor malignant progression by inhibiting spontaneous apoptosis in LSCC.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-mediated vasculogenesis/angiogenesis in human lung development.\n\nThe structural and functional development of the pulmonary system is dependent upon appropriate early vascularization of the embryonic lung. Our previous in vitro studies in a rat model indicated that insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent angiogenic agent for fetal lung endothelial cells. To assess its role on human vascular lung development, we first examined the expression of IGF-I/II and IGF receptor type I (IGF-IR) in human embryonic and fetal lung tissues at 4-12 wk of gestation. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies revealed the presence of IGF-I/II-IGF-IR ligands and mRNA transcripts in embryonic lungs as early as 4 wk gestation. Immunotargeting using an anti-IGF-IR neutralizing antibody on human fetal lung explants demonstrated a significant blockade of IGF-IR signaling. Inactivation of IGF-IR resulted in a loss of endothelial cells, accompanied by dramatic changes in fetal lung explant morphology. Terminal transferase dUTP end-labeling assay and TEM studies of anti-IGF-IR-treated lungs demonstrated numerous apoptotic mesenchymal cells. Rat embryonic lung explant studies further validated the importance of the IGF-IGF-IR system for lung vascular development. These data provide the first demonstration of IGF-I/II expression in the human lung in early gestation and indicate that the IGF family of growth factors, acting through the IGF-IR, is required as a survival factor during normal human lung vascularization.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Estradiol increases IL-8 secretion of normal human breast tissue and breast cancer in vivo.\n\nIL-8 or CXCL8 has been associated with tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Estrogen is crucial in breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Whether sex steroids affect IL-8 secretion of normal breast tissue or breast cancer is not known. Several cell types in a tissue secrete IL-8. Hence, regulatory mechanisms of IL-8 need to be investigated in whole tissue. We used microdialysis to sample IL-8 in normal human breast tissue in situ in pre- and postmenopausal women, preoperatively in breast cancers of women, and in experimental breast cancer in mice. We found a significant positive correlation between IL-8 and estradiol in normal breast tissue and hormone-dependent breast cancer in vivo. Ex vivo, estradiol exposure increased the IL-8 secretion of normal whole breast tissue in culture. In experimental breast cancer, estradiol increased IL-8 whereas the anti-estrogen tamoxifen inhibited the secretion of IL-8 both in vitro and extracellularly in vivo in tumors of nude mice. An anti-IL-8 Ab inhibited endothelial cell proliferation induced by cancer cell produced IL-8 and tumors with low IL-8 levels exhibited decreased angiogenesis. Our results strongly suggest that estradiol has a critical role in the regulation of IL-8 in normal human breast tissue and human breast cancer. IL-8 may present a novel therapeutic target for estrogen driven breast carcinogenesis and tumor progression.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Clinical significance of plasma endostatin in acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome.\n\nBACKGROUND: Endostatin, a C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, is an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor. While endostatin is being investigated for its usefulness in treating solid tumors, its significance in hematologic malignancies is unknown. METHODS: The authors evaluated plasma endostatin (PE) levels using an enzyme linked immunoassay in 71 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 43 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and correlated PE with various clinical parameters. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the median PE level between AML/MDS patients and the normal controls. Nevertheless, patients who achieved complete remission (CR) had a significantly lower median PE level compared to those who did not. In multivariate analysis, PE was found to be a significant (P = 0.03) predictor of overall survival (OS) with adjustment of the other baseline covariates, including patient age, history of antecedent hematologic disorders, and the use of protective environments. The prognostic value of PE was also evaluated by dividing MDS/AML patients into high and low PE groups using the median PE level of normal controls as the cut-off. The authors found that patients in the high PE group survived for a significantly shorter time than those patients in the low PE group. CONCLUSIONS: PE is a useful prognostic predictor of CR and OS for AML/MDS patients. The mechanism underlying the association between high PE and poor clinical outcome is unclear, although it may be related to the possible PE reflection of tumor burden.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Combined topical fluconazole and corticosteroid treatment for experimental Candida albicans keratomycosis.\n\nPURPOSE: To determine the most efficient time point and concentration of topical corticosteroids in Candida albicans keratitis treated with fluconazole. METHODS: Corneas of 105 rabbits were infected with viable yeast cells of C. albicans (2.5 x 10(5)). After a 48-hour incubation period, seven groups of animals were treated for 21 days with fluconazole, with group I acting as a control, and groups II to VII receiving adjunct therapy with the corticosteroid prednisolone (5 or 10 times daily; 3, 9, or 15 days after infection). The degree of corneal infiltration, ulceration, corneal clouding, hypopyon, conjunctivitis, neovascularization, and corneal perforation was monitored over a 24-day period, as well as recultivation and resistance to fluconazole of the C. albicans pathogen. RESULTS: The control group showed the highest level of corneal clouding and neovascularization. In comparison, by day 24, the majority of groups also treated with prednisolone displayed significantly less corneal clouding and neovascularization. An immediate decrease in corneal clouding was observed in groups treated with additional low- or high-dose prednisolone from day 9 after inoculation. After additional prednisolone treatment from day 9 or 15 after inoculation, no significant difference was detected in the recultivation rate of C. albicans compared with the control. Early administration of prednisolone (day 3, low and high dose) resulted in the recultivation of significantly more C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS: Fluconazole plus adjunct high-dose prednisolone treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after infection. The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of fungal keratitis is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in patients.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Immune consequences of burn injury.\n\nThe purpose of the immune system is to protect cells from invasion by microorganisms. The body has three equally important interactive immune defense systems, all of which are profoundly disrupted with major burn injury. The immune response to burn injury is immediate, prolonged, and severe. The end result in individuals surviving burn shock is immunosuppression, with increased susceptibility to potentially fatal systemic burn wound or pulmonary sepsis. Nursing actions to support the humoral and cell-mediated immune system of the burned patient include providing nutritional support to maintain serum protein levels at optimal levels; measures to decrease edema and promote angiogenesis in areas of partial-thickness injury; meticulous treatment of the wound to prevent infection and promote healing; monitoring of antibiotic use; conservative use of invasive techniques, including intubation and vascular access devices; maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and body temperature; and energy conservation measures.\n", "output": "[ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "The role of syndecans in disease and wound healing.\n\nSyndecans are a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans widely expressed in both developing and adult tissues. Until recently, their role in pathogenesis was largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the reported involvement of syndecans in human cancers, infectious diseases, obesity, wound healing and angiogenesis. In some cancers, syndecan expression has been shown to regulate tumor cell function (e.g. proliferation, adhesion, and motility) and serve as a prognostic marker for tumor progression and patient survival. The ectodomains and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains of syndecans can also act as receptors/co-receptors for some bacterial and viral pathogens, mediating infection. In addition, syndecans bind to obesity-related factors and regulate their signaling, in turn modulating food consumption and weight balance. In vivo animal models of tissue injury and in vitro data also implicate syndecans in processes necessary for wound healing, including fibroblast and endothelial proliferation, cell motility, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix organization. These new insights into the involvement of syndecans in disease and tissue repair coupled with the emergence of syndecan-specific molecular tools may lead to novel therapies for a variety of human diseases.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Experimental drug therapy of peritumoral brain edema.\n\nFour drugs with potential anti-peritumoral brain edema activity were studied using the VX2 rabbit brain tumor model. Meclofenamate and indomethacin were tested in an attempt to confirm recent reports of anti-edema activity in non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's). The 'angiostatic' steroids 17 hydroxyprogesterone and epicortisol were tested because of their lack of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects and their structural similarity to glucocorticoids. The protein and water component of brain edema were indirectly quantitated. None of the test drugs demonstrated significant anti-edema activity. This work does not confirm reports that NSAID's have anti-edema activity and suggests that there may be no correlation between 'angiostatic' and anti-edema activity in certain steroid compounds.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "High-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma has a higher angiogenic activity than low-grade renal cell carcinoma based on histomorphological quantification and qRT-PCR mRNA expression profile.\n\nClear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) is a highly vascularised tumour and is therefore an attractive disease to study angiogenesis and to test novel angiogenesis inhibitors in early clinical development. Endothelial cell proliferation plays a pivotal role in the process of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare angiogenesis parameters in low nuclear grade (n=87) vs high nuclear grade CC-RCC (n=63). A panel of antibodies was used for immunohistochemistry: CD34/Ki-67, carbonic anhydrase IX, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Vessel density (MVD - microvessel density), endothelial cell proliferation fraction (ECP%) and tumour cell proliferation fraction (TCP%) were assessed. mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. High-grade CC-RCC showed a higher ECP% (P=0.049), a higher TCP% (P=0.009), a higher VEGF protein expression (P less than 0.001), a lower MVD (P less than 0.001) and a lower HIF-1alpha protein expression (P=0.002) than low-grade CC-RCC. Growth factor mRNA expression analyses revealed a higher expression of angiopoietin 2 in low-grade CC-RCC. Microvessel density and ECP% were inversely correlated (Rho=-0.26, P=0.001). Because of the imperfect association of nuclear grade and ECP% or MVD, CC-RCC was also grouped based on low/high MVD and ECP%. This analysis revealed a higher expression of vessel maturation and stabilisation factors (placental growth factor, PDGFB1, angiopoietin 1) in CC-RCC with high MVD, a group of CC-RCC highly enriched in low nuclear grade CC-RCC, with low ECP%. Our results suggest heterogeneity in angiogenic activity and vessel maturation of CC-RCC, to a large extent linked to nuclear grade, and, with probable therapeutic implications.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Treatment of the diabetic foot by hyperbaric oxygen]\n\nDiabetic foot wounds are consequences of the neuropathy and the small and large vessel disease that complicate diabetes. At the cellular level, the result is hypoxia which impairs wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) may be a useful adjuvant to wound care. It leads to enhanced oxygenation of the affected tissues, has an antiseptic effect, reduces edema, and accelerates collagen production and angiogenesis, thus enhancing tissue repair. 14 diabetics with chronic nonhealing wounds which did not respond to treatment for at least 3 months were treated by HBO. All had palpable pedal pulses. Transcutaneous measurements of tissue pO2 showed elevation from 20 +/- 10 mm Hg during air breathing to 643 +/- 242 mm Hg while breathing pure oxygen at 2.5 ATA. They were treated with HBO in 56 +/- 10 consecutive HBO sessions. In 11 there was complete wound healing, while in 1 there was partial response, in 1 minimal response, and in 1 a transient response. HBO is useful in chronic nonhealing wounds of the diabetic foot and of the diabetic foot with impending amputation. It is a safe mode of therapy, but further studies are required to establish its efficacy and to ascertain which diabetic patients and wounds will benefit the most from it.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Role of the fibrinolytic and matrix metalloproteinase systems in development of adipose tissue.\n\nObesity is a common disorder and related diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Western-type societies. Development of obesity is associated with extensive modifications in adipose tissue involving adipogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix proteolysis. The fibrinolytic (plasminogen/plasmin) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) systems cooperate in these processes. A nutritionally induced obesity model in transgenic mice has been used extensively to study the role of the fibrinolytic and MMP systems in the development of obesity. These studies support a role of both systems in adipogenesis and obesity; the role of specific members of these families, however, remains to be determined.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Autocrine angiotensin system regulation of bovine aortic endothelial cell migration and plasminogen activator involves modulation of proto-oncogene pp60c-src expression.\n\nRapid endothelial cell migration and inhibition of thrombosis are critical for the resolution of denudation injuries to the vessel wall. Inhibition of the endothelial cell autocrine angiotensin system, with either the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril or the angiotensin II receptor antagonist sar1, ile8-angiotensin II, leads to increased endothelial cell migration and urokinase-like plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity (Bell, L., and J. A. Madri. 1990. Am. J. Pathol. 137:7-12). Inhibition of the autocrine angiotensin system with the converting-enzyme inhibitor or the receptor antagonist also leads to increased expression of the proto-oncogene c-src: pp60c-src mRNA increased 7-11-fold, c-src protein 3-fold, and c-src kinase activity 2-3-fold. Endothelial cell expression of c-src was constitutively elevated after stable infection with a retroviral vector containing the c-src coding sequence. Constitutively increased c-src kinase activity reconstituted the increases in migration and u-PA observed with angiotensin system interruption. Antisera to bovine u-PA blocked the increase in migration associated with increased c-src expression. These data suggest that increases in endothelial cell migration and plasminogen activator after angiotensin system inhibition are at least partially pp60c-src mediated. Elevated c-src expression with angiotensin system inhibition may act to enhance intimal wound closure and to reduce luminal thrombogenicity in vivo.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated endostatin gene transfer on transplanted lung carcinoma in mice]\n\nOBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated endostatin gene transfer on transplanted lung cancer in mice and its mechanism of action. METHODS: Transplant tumor model was induced by subcutaneous inoculation of 2 x 10(6) Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells into the back of C57BL/6 mice. The mice were treated by intratumoral injection of 2 x 10(9) pfu Ad-mEndostatin. The expression of endostatin in situ and its maintaining time were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot, respectively. The endostatin level in serum was determined by ELISA . The inhibition of tumor growth and changes of survival were recorded and the microvessel density (MVD) was determined by histochemical stainingwith CD31 and CD105 antibodies. The tumor apoptosis was observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: In comparison with controls, intratumoral injection of Ad-mEndostatin significantly inhibited the tumor growth and metastasis, and prolonged the survival rate of mice (P less than 0.05). Strong positive expression of mEndostatin was seen in the tumor tissue after injection of Ad-mEndostatin, immunhistochemically ostained by mouse endostatin monoclonal antibody, while the control groups showed only very low expression or absence. Serum endostatin concentration was 1540 +/- 560 ng/ml at the second week of administration, the expression of endostatin diminished a month later. The microvessel density (MVD)) decreased from 42.4 +/- 4.8 to 10.5 +/- 3.2 per x 200 magnificetion microscopic field by CD10 staining and from 68.5 +/- 4.5 to 37.5 +/- 4.6 by CD31 staining, respectively (P less than 0.05). More apoptotic tumor cells were seen under the transmission electron microscope. CONCLUSION: Endostatin gene therapy mediated by adenoviral vector efficiently induces expression of endostatin in vivo, and inhibits the growth and metastasis of tumor. It is concluded that its action is targeted to tumor neovasculature and the mechanism is inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "VEGF165 mediates formation of complexes containing VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1 that enhance VEGF165-receptor binding.\n\nCo-expression of NRP1 and (VEGFR-2) KDR on the surface of endothelial cells (EC) enhances VEGF165 binding to KDR and EC chemotaxis in response to VEGF165. Overexpression of NRP1 by prostate tumor cells in vivo results in increased tumor angiogenesis and growth. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying NRP1-mediated angiogenesis by analyzing the association of NRP1 and KDR. An intracellular complex containing NRP1 and KDR was immunoprecipitated from EC by anti-NRP1 antibodies only in the presence of VEGF165. In contrast, VEGF121, which does not bind to NRP1, did not support complex formation. Complexes containing VEGF165, NRP1, and KDR were also formed in an intercellular fashion by co-culture of EC expressing KDR only, with cells expressing NRP1 only, for example, breast carcinoma cells. VEGF165 also mediated the binding of a soluble NRP1 dimer to cells expressing KDR only, confirming the formation of such complexes. Furthermore, the formation of complexes containing KDR and NRP1 markedly increased 125I-VEGF165 binding to KDR. Our results suggest that formation of a ternary complex of VEGF165, KDR, and NRP1 potentiates VEGF165 binding to KDR. These complexes are formed on the surface of EC and in a juxtacrine manner via association of tumor cell NRP1 and EC KDR.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ <125I-VEGF165> ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Angiogenesis in the caprine caruncles in non-pregnant and pregnant normal and swainsonine-treated does.\n\nMicrovascular corrosion casts of caruncles from non-pregnant and pregnant doe goats at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 18 weeks were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The internal convex surface of the caruncles of non-pregnant does was covered with capillary meshes of regular diameter and form, without crypts. As pregnancy advanced the complexity of the vasculature increased: at 4 weeks the surface showed a pattern of ridges separated by troughs. At later stages, branches of radial arteries penetrated the periphery forming an extensive mesh of capillaries on the concave surface. Capillary diameters increased significantly during pregnancy, especially after 4 weeks, when large flattened sinusoids formed. These sinusoids had a great deal of surface area for potential contact with the fetal component. The caprine placenta is usually considered to have increased interhemal distance compared with endotheliochorial and hemochorial types: our results suggest that the very extensive development of sinusoids and crypts may compensate for any negative consequences of the placental architecture. Placental angiogenesis, which is physiologically normal, may serve as a general model of this process in other circumstances, such as tumor. The effect of swainsonine (active compound of locoweed and a potential anticancer drug) on vascular development showed no differences in sinusoidal diameters at 7 weeks, but a decrease in capillary density was noted. Swainsonine caused a great distortion to the vasculature at 18 weeks. The effects of this compound on the vascular development lend credibility to its potential as an anticancer agent.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Therapeutic targeting of the survivin pathway in cancer: initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis and suppression of tumor-associated angiogenesis.\n\nPURPOSE: Molecular antagonists of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin have shown promise as novel anticancer strategies for triggering tumor cell apoptosis, dysregulating mitotic progression, and inhibiting tumor growth in preclinical models. However, how survivin couples to the cell death machinery has remained elusive, and the relevant cellular targets of survivin antagonists have not been completely elucidated. Experimental Design: Human umbilical vein and dermal microvascular endothelial cells were infected with replication-deficient adenoviruses encoding survivin (pAd-Survivin), green fluorescent protein (pAd-GFP), or a phosphorylation-defective survivin Thr(34)-->Ala (pAd-T34A) dominant negative mutant. The effect of wild-type or mutant survivin was investigated on capillary network stability, endothelial cell viability, and caspase activation in vitro and on kinetics of tumor growth and development of angiogenesis in a breast cancer xenograft model in vivo. The cell death pathway initiated by survivin targeting was mapped with respect to cytochrome c release, changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and apoptosome requirements using mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in Apaf-1 or caspase-9. RESULTS: Adenoviral transduction of endothelial cells with pAd-Survivin inhibited growth factor deprivation- or ceramide-induced apoptosis, reduced caspase-3 and -7 generation, and stabilized three-dimensional capillary networks in vitro. Conversely, expression of pAd-T34A caused apoptosis in umbilical vein and dermal microvascular endothelial cells and resulted in caspase-3 activity. Cell death induced by survivin targeting exhibited the hallmarks of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis with release of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and was suppressed in Apaf-1 or caspase-9 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts. When injected in human breast cancer xenografts, pAd-T34A inhibited growth of established tumors and triggered tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. This was associated with a approximately 60% reduction in tumor-derived blood vessels by quantitative morphometry of CD31-stained tumor areas, and appearance of endothelial cell apoptosis by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Survivin functions as a novel upstream regulator of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, and molecular targeting of this pathway results in anticancer activity via a dual mechanism of induction of tumor cell apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ <-7>] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Microscopic technique for the detection of nitric oxide-dependent angiogenesis in an animal model.\n\nNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The importance of NO in the vasculature is demonstrated by several experimental conditions, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. Thus, the NO metabolic pathway in endothelial cells could be one of the main contributing factors for angiogenesis. Although several methods have been used for measuring in vitro angiogenesis, a proper technique has not been developed for identifying in vivo NO-dependent angiogenesis. This chapter provides a new intravital microscopic method for detecting and measuring NO-dependent angiogenesis in a mouse model. This technique showed strong abdominal neovascularization in wild-type mice, but not eNOS knockout mice, locally injected with VEGF, as well as stimulation of angiogenesis in NO donor-injected mice. This technique also revealed the inhibitory effect of the NOS inhibitor N(G)-iminoethyl-L-ornithine in VEGF-mediated in vivo angiogenesis. This chapter describes intravital microscopy as a new imaging technique for detecting NO-dependent angiogenesis in an animal model.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Oxidation in rheumatoid arthritis.\n\nOxygen metabolism has an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the course of cellular oxidative phosphorylation, and by activated phagocytic cells during oxidative bursts, exceed the physiological buffering capacity and result in oxidative stress. The excessive production of ROS can damage protein, lipids, nucleic acids, and matrix components. They also serve as important intracellular signaling molecules that amplify the synovial inflammatory-proliferative response. Repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation associated with changes in synovial perfusion are postulated to activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB, two key transcription factors that are regulated by changes in cellular oxygenation and cytokine stimulation, and that in turn orchestrate the expression of a spectrum of genes critical to the persistence of synovitis. An understanding of the complex interactions involved in these pathways might allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "The modulation of platelet and endothelial cell adhesion to vascular graft materials by perlecan.\n\nControlled neo-endothelialisation is critical to the patency of small diameter vascular grafts. Endothelialisation and platelet adhesion to purified endothelial cell-derived perlecan, the major heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan in basement membranes, were investigated using in vivo and in vitro assays. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts were coated with perlecan and tested in an ovine carotid interposition model for a period of 6 weeks and assessed using light and scanning microscopy. Enhanced endothelial cell growth and reduced platelet adhesion were observed on the perlecan coated grafts when compared to uncoated controls implanted in the same sheep (n=5). Perlecan was also found to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation in vitro over a period of 6 days in the presence of plasma proteins and fibroblastic growth factor 2 (FGF-2), however in the absence of FGF-2 endothelial cell growth could not be maintained during this period. Perlecan was found to be anti-adhesive for platelets, however after removal of the HS chains attached to perlecan, platelet adhesion and aggregation were supported. These results suggest a role for HS chains of perlecan in improving graft patency by selectively promoting endothelial cell proliferation while modulating platelet adhesion.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Ectopic localization of mitochondrial ATP synthase: a target for anti-angiogenesis intervention?\n\nA receptor for angiostatin was identified on the surface of endothelial cells as F(1)-F(0) ATP synthase (Moser et al., 1999). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 2811-2816. This ectopic ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis and is inhibited by angiostatin over a wide pH range. Endothelial cells grown at normal pH suffer no ill effects from this angiostatin-mediated inhibition of ATP synthase, whereas endothelial cells grown at low, tumor-like extracellular pH cannot maintain a normal intracellular pH and die. Angiostatin inhibits both ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis (Moser et al., 2001) and interferes with intracellular pH regulation (Wahl and Grant, 2002; Wahl et al., 2002). Although angiostatin administered intravenously is cleared from the circulation in a matter of minutes, angiostatin-mimetics that are more stable have potential for clinical application. An angiostatin-mimetic activity has recently been observed using a polyclonal antibody against the beta catalytic subunit of ATP synthase. In order to explore the mechanism of action of angiostatin and its mimetics, further work needs to be done to evaluate clinical applicability, specificity, and contraindications for this class of therapeutics.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Heparin immobilized porous PLGA microspheres for angiogenic growth factor delivery.\n\nPURPOSE: Heparin immobilized porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were prepared for sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to induce angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Porous PLGA microspheres having primary amine groups on the surface were prepared using an oil-in-water (O/W) single emulsion method using Pluronic F-127 as an extractable porogen. Heparin was surface immobilized via covalent conjugation. bFGF was loaded into the heparin functionalized (PLGA-heparin) microspheres by a simple dipping method. The bFGF loaded PLGA-heparin microspheres were tested for in vitro release and in vivo angiogenic activity. RESULTS: PLGA microspheres with an open-porous structure were formed. The amount of conjugated amine group onto the microspheres was 1.93+/-0.01 nmol/mg-microspheres, while the amount of heparin was 95.8 pmol/mg-microspheres. PLGA-heparin microspheres released out bFGF in a more sustained manner with a smaller extent of initial burst than PLGA microspheres, indicating that surface immobilized heparin controlled the release rate of bFGF. Subcutaneous implantation of bFGF loaded PLGA-heparin microspheres in mice significantly induced the formation of new vascular microvessels. CONCLUSIONS: PLGA microspheres with an open porous structure allowed significant amount of heparin immobilization and bFGF loading. bFGF loaded PLGA-HP microspheres showed sustained release profiles of bFGF in vitro, demonstrating reversible and specific binding of bFGF to immobilized heparin. They also induced local angiogenesis in vivo in an animal model.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "A small peptide derived from Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) functions as an angiogenic inhibitor.\n\nVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic stimulator which functions through two endothelial specific tyrosine kinase receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1. In this work, we show that an 11-amino acid peptide derived from the second immunoglobulin-like domain of Flt-1 functions as an angiogenic inhibitor in chick chorioallantoic membrane and inhibited VEGF-induced vascular permeability in Miles' assay without binding to VEGF directly. Circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicate that this peptide forms a stable extended structure in solution, presumably beta-sheet structure and is most likely existing as a dimer. Our results suggest that this small peptide functions as an angiogenic inhibitor by inhibiting VEGF function through a non-VEGF binding mechanism.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Effect of estrogen and progesterone on macrophage activation during wound healing.\n\nAge-related impaired wound healing leads to substantial morbidity and mortality along with a large financial burden to health services. There is accumulating evidence that the tissue damage associated with chronic wounds is initiated and propagated by an inappropriately excessive inflammatory response. Research on age-related impaired wound healing suggests that the decline in sex steroid hormones with age may have a substantial influence on the inflammatory response in vivo. Topical and systemic estrogen treatments have shown an increased rate of healing by reducing inflammation, however the underlying mechanisms are little understood. In vitro studies also suggest progesterone may play a role in modulating inflammation. Macrophages are essential mediators of inflammation and wound healing. Macrophages can be activated in a classical or alternative manner in parallel with the T(H)1/T(H)2 dichotomy, respectively. Using a murine incisional wound healing model this study was carried out to investigate the roles of estrogen and progesterone on macrophage activation during the wound healing response. Our findings suggest with a reduction of steroid hormones following ovariectomy, alternatively activated macrophage markers (Fizz1 and Ym1) were reduced, with this effect being reversed with the administration of estrogen or progesterone; suggesting that with the reduction of steroid hormones macrophages are activated in a classical manner, promoting inflammation, whereas estrogen or progesterone are contributing toward macrophage activation in an alternative manner, driving wound repair, angiogenesis, and remodeling.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Basic fibroblast growth factor: a missing link between collagen VII, increased collagenase, and squamous cell carcinoma in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.\n\nBACKGROUND: Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) have deficiencies of collagen type VII and have elevated levels of fibroblast collagenase, and a greatly increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with other genetic blistering disorders do not have elevated collagenase or an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma, despite chronic wounding. The connection between collagen type VII deficiency, increased collagenase, and squamous cell carcinoma is not understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine from 81 patients with RDEB (39 patients), junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB; 12 patients), and epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; 30 patients), as well as unaffected family members of RDEB patients (33 patients), was tested for the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. These patients included many who were enrolled in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry and others who were referred by their physicians. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of patients with RDEB had elevated levels ( greater than 5000 pg/g) of urinary bFGF. In contrast, none of the patients with JEB had elevated levels of bFGF. Twenty-one percent of clinically unaffected family members had elevated levels of bFGF, and 13% of patients with EBS had elevated levels of bFGF. The frequency of elevated bFGF values among all groups was statistically significant (p = 0.002), and the levels of bFGF in RDEB patients were significantly elevated compared with those of other groups (p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We have found that patients with RDEB have elevated levels of bFGF, which may contribute to increased fibroblast collagenase and the development of squamous cell carcinoma. These results suggest a novel treatment for RDEB, namely, angiogenesis inhibitors, which may antagonize the effects of bFGF in this disorder. There are currently no other means of treatment for this disorder, which has a high morbidity and mortality rate.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Prostate-specific membrane antigen regulates angiogenesis by modulating integrin signal transduction.\n\nThe transmembrane peptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is universally upregulated in the vasculature of solid tumors, but its functional role in tumor angiogenesis has not been investigated. Here we show that angiogenesis is severely impaired in PSMA-null animals and that this angiogenic defect occurs at the level of endothelial cell invasion through the extracellular matrix barrier. Because proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix is a critical component of endothelial invasion in angiogenesis, it is logical to assume that PSMA participates in matrix degradation. However, we demonstrate a novel and more complex role for PSMA in angiogenesis, where it is a principal component of a regulatory loop that is tightly modulating laminin-specific integrin signaling and GTPase-dependent, p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK-1) activity. We show that PSMA inhibition, knockdown, or deficiency decreases endothelial cell invasion in vitro via integrin and PAK, thus abrogating angiogenesis. Interestingly, the neutralization of beta(1) or the inactivation of PAK increases PSMA activity, suggesting that they negatively regulate PSMA. This negative regulation is mediated by the cytoskeleton as the disruption of interactions between the PSMA cytoplasmic tail and the anchor protein filamin A decreases PSMA activity, integrin function, and PAK activation. Finally, the inhibition of PAK activation enhances the PSMA/filamin A interaction and, thus, boosts PSMA activity. These data imply that PSMA participates in an autoregulatory loop, wherein active PSMA facilitates integrin signaling and PAK activation, leading to both productive invasion and downregulation of integrin beta(1) signaling via reduced PSMA activity. Therefore, we have identified a novel role for PSMA as a true molecular interface, integrating both extracellular and intracellular signals during angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes microvessel formation from mouse embryonic aorta.\n\nTo delineate the roles that oxygen and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play in the process of angiogenesis from the embryonic aorta, we cultured mouse embryonic aorta explants (thoracic level to lateral vessels supplying the mesonephros and metanephros) in a three-dimensional type I collagen gel matrix. During 8 days of culture under 5% O(2), but not room air, the addition of FGF2 to explants stimulated the formation of Gs-IB(4-)positive, CD31-positive, and Flk-1-positive microvessels in a concentration-dependent manner. FGF2-stimulated microvessel formation was inhibited by sequestration of FGF2 via addition of soluble FGF receptor (FGFR) chimera protein or anti-FGF2 antibodies. FGFR1 and FGFR2 were present on explants. Levels of FGFR1, but not FGFR2, were increased in embryonic aorta cultured under 5% O(2) relative to room air. Our data suggest that low oxygen upregulates FGFR1 expression in embryonic aorta in vitro and renders it more responsive to FGF2.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Modulation of angiogenesis and progelatinase a by thrombin receptor mimetics and antagonists.\n\nThe angiogenic action of thrombin has been shown to be mediated by activation of the thrombin receptor. In this report we studied the effects of SFLLR, an agonist of the activated thrombin receptor and thrombin receptor peptide and non peptide antagonists on angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) system. As antagonists were used the tripeptide FPR and non-peptide 1,4-disubstituted piperazine derivatives. The pentapeptide SFLLR, like thrombin, caused a marked stimulation of angiogenesis in the CAM. FPR and the piperazine derivatives caused suppression of angiogenesis and in combination with thrombin antagonized its angiogenic effect. Thrombin and SFLLR activated progelatinase A (MMP-2) in the culture medium of human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs). MMP-2 is involved in the early steps of angiogenesis leading to local dissolution of basement membrane collagen and migration of the activated endothelial cells. FPR and the piperazine derivatives inhibited the activation of this enzyme. They also antagonised the effects of both thrombin and SFLLR on MMP-2 activation. These results suggest that non-thrombogenic agonists or antagonists of the activated thrombin receptor can be used as modulators of angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts in experimental ocular vasoproliferation.\n\nScanning electron microscopy of vascular casts was used to investigate three experimental models of neovascularization. In each experimental situation, the casts provided a valuable three dimensional representation of the newly formed blood vessels and permitted subclassification of the vessels within normal and proliferating vascular networks. They defined also the predominant origin of new vessels from venules and capillaries, and enabled the evolution of proliferating vessels into arterioles and venules to be documented. Although vascular casts must be interpreted with caution in light of the possibility of incomplete filling and other artifacts, they are a valuable tool in the study of ocular vasoproliferation.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Regulation of thrombospondin-1 by natural and synthetic progestins in human breast cancer cells.\n\nOur recent studies show that progestins induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer cells that express mutant p53 protein. Here, we show that natural and synthetic progestins also induce thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mRNA and protein in T47-D and BT-474 breast cancer cells. Antiprogestin RU-486 inhibits the induction of VEGF and TSP-1 by progestins, suggesting that this effect of progestin is mediated by the progesterone receptor (PR). Actinomycin-D, but not puromycin, also blocks progestin-dependent induction of TSP-1. A putative progestin-response element was identified in the human TSP-1 promoter, which is consistent with the hypothesis that a progestin-PR complex might directly regulate transcription of the TSP-1 gene in human cells. Conditioned medium from progestin-treated breast cancer cells stimulates endothelial cell proliferation in the absence though not in the presence of antibody to TSP-1, indicating that TSP-1 secreted by breast cancer cells could be pro-angiogenic. Since tumor cell-derived TSP-1 has the potential to promote angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, it could be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Neurotrophin p75 receptor (p75NTR) promotes endothelial cell apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis: implications for diabetes-induced impaired neovascularization in ischemic limb muscles.\n\nDiabetes impairs endothelial function and reparative neovascularization. The p75 receptor of neurotrophins (p75(NTR)), which is scarcely present in healthy endothelial cells (ECs), becomes strongly expressed by capillary ECs after induction of peripheral ischemia in type-1 diabetic mice. Here, we show that gene transfer-induced p75(NTR) expression impairs the survival, proliferation, migration, and adhesion capacities of cultured ECs and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and inhibits angiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, intramuscular p75(NTR) gene delivery impairs neovascularization and blood flow recovery in a mouse model of limb ischemia. These disturbed functions are associated with suppression of signaling mechanisms implicated in EC survival and angiogenesis. In fact, p75(NTR) depresses the VEGF-A/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway and additionally reduces the mRNA levels of ITGB1 [beta (1) integrin], BIRC5 (survivin), PTTG1 (securin) and VEZF1. Diabetic mice, which typically show impaired postischemic muscular neovascularization and blood perfusion recovery, have these defects corrected by intramuscular gene transfer of a dominant negative mutant form of p75(NTR). Collectively, our data newly demonstrate the antiangiogenic action of p75(NTR) and open new avenues for the therapeutic use of p75(NTR) inhibition to combat diabetes-induced microvascular liabilities.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Low-level X-radiation effects on functional vascular changes in Syrian hamster cheek pouch epithelium during hydrocarbon carcinogenesis.\n\nEffects of repeated low-level X radiation on functional microvascular changes in hamster cheek pouch epithelium during and following carcinogenesis by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were studied. Prior studies showed enhancement of such carcinogenesis by repeated 20 rad head and neck X-radiation exposures, and it was proposed that one possible mechanism was radiogenic alteration of the functional microvasculature in a manner which favored subsequent tumor development. Hamsters were treated with either radiation, DMBA, radiation + DMBA, or no treatment. Animals were sacrificed at 3-week intervals from 0 to 39 weeks after treatments began. Pouch vascular volume and permeability changes were studied by fractional distributions of radiotracers and were analyzed by a variety of statistical methods which explored the vascular parameters, treatment types, elapsed time, presence of the carcinogen, and histopathologic changes. All treatments resulted in significant changes in vascular volume with time, while only DMBA treatments alone resulted in significant changes in vascular permeability with time. Prior to the appearances of frank neoplasms, volumetric changes in DMBA only and radiation only groups were similar, while volume changes in DMBA + radiation groups increased slowly to a peak later than in other groups and then declined steadily to levels similar to the radiation only group. As in prior studies, there were significant vascular volume differences between DMBA and DMBA + radiation groups of tumor-bearing cheek pouches. DMBA maxima were significantly higher than those of DMBA + radiation. Radiation significantly affected DMBA-associated vascular volume and permeability changes during carcinogenesis. Several possible explanations for the relationship of these changes to the enhancement of DMBA carcinogenesis include: radiation blocking normal capillary proliferative and/or dilatory responses to inflammation secondary to neoplastic changes; radiation-induced focal increases in the pericapillary connective tissue histohematic barrier, stimulating angiogenesis but reducing nutrient diffusion; radiation exposures sensitizing vascular endothelium to subsequent angiogenic stimulation from premalignant tissues; DMBA vascular and epithelial effects partially or completely blocking radiation effects on epithelial and/or endothelial cells; and radiation damage to vessel walls partially or fully inhibiting normal physiologic mechanisms of repairing DMBA damage to the vessels.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Extracellular matrix as a bioactive material for soft tissue reconstruction.\n\nThe extracellular matrix (ECM) directs all phases of healing following trauma or disease and is therefore a natural source of prosthetic mesh material that can be used strategically to induce the repair and restoration of soft tissues following surgery. Biomaterials such as Surgisis (Cook Biotech Incorporated, West Lafayette, IN, USA), which are derived from natural ECM, provide the extracellular components necessary to direct the healing response, allow for the proliferation of new, healthy tissue and restore tissue integrity to the damaged site. The 3-D organization of these extracellular components distinguishes the Surgisis mesh from synthetic materials and is associated with constructive tissue remodelling instead of scar tissue. Common features of this ECM-assisted tissue remodelling include angiogenesis, recruitment of circulating progenitor cells and constructive remodelling of damaged tissue structures. The tissue response to this biologic mesh is discussed in the context of recent reports on clinical hernia repair.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "A novel role of thrombospondin-1 in cervical carcinogenesis: inhibit stroma reaction by inhibiting activated fibroblasts from invading cancer.\n\nThrombospondin (TSP)-1, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, has been shown to exert different biological functions on various cell types. Here, we investigate the role of TSP-1 in tumor-stroma reaction, which is mainly characterized by fibroblast activation to create a permissive microenvironment for tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry examinations in the human surgical specimens have shown that a downregulation of TSP-1 during the progression of cervical carcinogenesis was accompanied by an emergence in the upregulation of stroma markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and desmin. Transfection of SiHa cervical cancer cells with a plasmid expressing the TSP-1 protein exhibited antiangiogenic activity in vitro and resulted in reduced tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, which was accompanied by a decrease in tumor vascularization and lower expressions of alpha-SMA and desmin than those in the vector controls. Transfection with TSP-1 and purified TSP-1 added to NIH3T3 cells did not alter the protein levels of alpha-SMA and desmin but significantly inhibited matrix metalloprotease-2 activity. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a major factor in the activation of fibroblasts, increased alpha-SMA and desmin expression and the ability of cell migration and invasion in NIH3T3 cells. The increased migration ability and the invasive ability into tumor cluster of TGF-beta-treated NIH3T3 cells were dose dependently inhibited by TSP-1. In contrast, ectopic TSP-1 expression in SiHa cells has little effect on the invasive ability of the NIH3T3 cells. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel role of TSP-1 to inhibit tumor-stroma reaction that could be attributed to the blockage of activated fibroblasts from invading cancer cells.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Cell type-specific regulation of angiogenic growth factor gene expression and induction of angiogenesis in nonischemic tissue by a constitutively active form of hypoxia-inducible factor 1.\n\nUnderstanding molecular mechanisms regulating angiogenesis may lead to novel therapies for ischemic disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in hypoxic/ischemic tissue. In this study we demonstrate that exposure of primary cultures of cardiac and vascular cells to hypoxia or AdCA5, an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF-1alpha, modulates the expression of genes encoding the angiogenic factors angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), ANGPT2, placental growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. Loss-of-function effects were also observed in HIF-1alpha-null embryonic stem cells. Depending on the cell type, expression of ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 was either activated or repressed in response to hypoxia or AdCA5. In all cases, there was complete concordance between the effects of hypoxia and AdCA5. Injection of AdCA5 into mouse eyes induced neovascularization in multiple capillary beds, including those not responsive to VEGF alone. Analysis of gene expression revealed increased expression of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, platelet-derived growth factor-B, placental growth factor, and VEGF mRNA in AdCA5-injected eyes. These results indicate that HIF-1 functions as a master regulator of angiogenesis by controlling the expression of multiple angiogenic growth factors and that adenovirus-mediated expression of a constitutively active form of HIF-1alpha is sufficient to induce angiogenesis in nonischemic tissue of an adult animal.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Retinochoroidopathy after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment]\n\nA 74-year-old man presented with persistent metamorphopsias of the right eye 2 weeks after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab to treat choroidal neovascularization due to exudative age-related macular degeneration. The diagnosis reached was retinochoroiditis as an occult manifestation of sarcoidosis, possibly resulting from an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. The patient received a prescription for 100 mg Ultralan to be taken daily for 3 days and then tapered in 3 day steps. During the further course no deterioration of the condition was observed.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of a protein kinase Cbeta inhibitor in human breast cancer and ovarian cancer xenografts.\n\nIn cell culture, the compound 317615 2HCl, a potent inhibitor of VEGF-stimulated HUVEC proliferation, was not very effective against MX-1 breast cancer cells (IC50= 8.1 microM) or SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma cells (IC50 = 9.5 microM). Exposure to combinations of paclitaxel or carboplatin and 317615 x 2HCl with MX-1 cells in culture resulted in cell survival that reflected primarily additivity of the two agents. Exposure of SKOV-3 cells to paclitaxel or carboplatin along with 317615 2HCl resulted in cell survivals that reflected additivity of 317615 x 2HCl with paclitaxel and greater-than-additive cytotoxicity with carboplatin. Administration of 317615 x 2HCI orally twice daily to nude mice bearing subcutaneous MX-1 tumors or SKOV-3 tumors resulted in a decreased number of intratumoral vessels as determined by CD31 and CD105 staining with decreases of 35% and 43% in MX-1 tumors and 60% and 75% in SKOV-3 tumors, respectively. 317615 x 2HCl was an active antitumor agent against the MX-1 xenograft and increased the tumor growth delay produced by paclitaxel by 1.7-fold and the tumor growth delay produced by carboplatin by 3.8-fold. Administration of 317615 x 2HCl also increased the tumor growth delay produced by fractionated radiation therapy in the MX-1 tumor. Treatment with 317615 x 2HCl alone increased the lifespan of animals bearing intraperitoneal SKOV-3 xenografts by 1.9 fold compared with untreated control animals. The combination of paclitaxel and 317615 x 2HCl resulted in 100% 120-day survival of SKOV-3 bearing animals. Administration of 317615 x 2HCl along with carboplatin to animals bearing the SKOV-3 tumor produced a 1.8-fold increase in lifespan compared with carboplatin alone. 317615 x 2HCl is a promising new antiangiogenic agent that is in early phase clinical testing.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "The contribution of Harold F. Dvorak to the study of tumor angiogenesis and stroma generation mechanisms.\n\nIn 1983, Harold Dvorak and his colleagues were the first to show that tumor cells secreted vascular permeability factor (VPF) and that a blocking antibody to VPF could prevent the edema and fluid accumulation that is characteristic of human cancers. In 1986, Dvorak went on to demonstrate that VPF was secreted by a variety of human tumor cell lines and proposed that VPF was in part responsible for the abnormal vasculature seen in human tumors. As a result, he and other investigators demonstrated that VPF was capable of stimulating endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis. These fundamental discoveries led to additional research conducted by Napoleone Ferrara and his laboratory, confirming the cloning of VPF and renaming the protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In 1986, Dvorak proposed that by secreting VPF, tumors induce angiogenesis by turning on the wound healing response. He noted that wounds, like tumors, secrete VPF, causing blood vessels to leak plasma fibrinogen, which stimulates blood vessel growth and provides a matrix on which they can spread. Unlike wounds, however, that turn off VPF production after healing, tumors did not turn off their VPF production and instead continued to make large amounts of VPF, allowing malignant cells to continue to induce new blood vessels and so to grow and spread. Thus, tumors behave like wounds that fail to heal. This work is again extremely significant for patients worldwide, as Dvorak's scientific research is leading his colleagues all over the world to examine how to treat a tumor through its blood supply.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Differential regulation of in vivo angiogenesis by angiotensin II receptors.\n\nAngiotensin II (ANG II), a key regulator of blood pressure and body fluid homeostasis, exerts mitogenic effects on endothelial cells. We therefore hypothesized that ANG II could be a mediator between homeostatic changes within the vascular perfusion bed and growth factor-driven angiogenesis. In the present study, we applied the alginate implant angiogenesis model in mice with normal ANG II levels, elevated ANG II levels by transgenic overexpression of angiotensinogen (AOGEN), or in AT2 receptor-deficient mice. We demonstrate that a decrease in the amount of circulating ANG II by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril or the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan induced a stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis implying an inhibitory function of ANG II through the AT1 receptor. However, the strong increase of angiogenesis in AOGEN-transgenic mice compared with mice with normal ANG II levels suggests additional stimulatory activity. We showed that the ANG II-induced stimulation of angiogenesis is linked to the AT2 receptor as an impaired induction of angiogenesis was obtained in AT2 receptor knockout mice. These findings provide the first evidence that the AT2 receptor mediates a stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis and indicate that ANG II is a humoral regulator of peripheral angiogenesis involving two receptor subtypes with opposing actions.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Mechanisms of pericyte recruitment in tumour angiogenesis: a new role for metalloproteinases.\n\nPericytes occur in tumour blood vessels and are critical for the development of a functional vascular network. Targeting tumour pericytes is a promising anti-angiogenic therapy but requires identifying the mechanisms of their recruitment in tumour and addressing whether these mechanisms can be selectively harnessed. Among the pathways involved in pericyte recruitment during embryonic development, the contribution of platelet-derived growth factor B and sphingosine 1-phosphate is confirmed in tumour angiogenesis. The effect of angiopoietin 1 depends on the tumour model. Transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances tumour vascularization and microvessel maturation. Recent reports suggest a participation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in tumour pericyte recruitment that is consistent with the effect of certain MMPs in the development of microvasculature in embryonic development and in in vitro models of vascular remodelling. Here, we discuss the possibility for MMPs to contribute to pericyte recruitment at six levels: (1) direct promotion of pericyte invasion by extracellular matrix degradation; (2) stimulation of pericyte proliferation and protection against apoptosis by modification of the ECM; (3) activation of pericytes through the release of growth factor bound to the ECM; (4) transactivation of angiogenic cell surface receptor; (5) propagation of angiogenic signalling as cofactor; and (6) recruitment of bone marrow-derived stem cells.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Neurovascular effects of CD47 signaling: promotion of cell death, inflammation, and suppression of angiogenesis in brain endothelial cells in vitro.\n\nThe concept of the neurovascular unit emphasizes that common signals and substrates underlie the physiology and pathophysiology of neuronal and endothelial compartments in brain. Recent data suggest that activation of the integrin-associated protein CD47 promotes neuronal cell death. Is it possible that CD47 may also negatively affect cerebral endothelial cells? Exposure of wild-type primary mouse cerebral endothelial cells to the CD47 ligand thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) induced an increasing amount of cell death, whereas cytotoxicity was significantly decreased in cerebral endothelial cells derived from CD47 knockout mice. The specific CD47-activating peptide, 4N1K, similarly induced cell death in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Promotion of inflammation was also involved because lower TSP-1 was able to up-regulate the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Finally, CD47 signaling may suppress angiogenesis because 4N1K significantly inhibited endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro. We conclude that CD47 signaling can negatively affect the viability and function of cerebral endothelial cells, further supporting the notion that CD47 may be a potential neurovascular target for stroke and brain injury.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Coexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and p53 protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.\n\nOBJECTIVE: p53 plays a role in tumor angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to clarify how expression of p53 protein participates in angiogenesis, and whether the coexpression of VEGF and p53 protein has a significance for angiogenesis and the clinicopathological features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Tissues samples were taken from 60 patients with esophageal SCC after surgery. The expression of VEGF and p53 protein in these SCC was examined immunohistochemically. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by counting microvessels in tumor sections stained for Factor VIII-related antigen. Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was calculated, based on Ki-67 antigen immunostaining, as a proliferative marker. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated, based on the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling, to evaluate apoptosis. RESULTS: VEGF expression was observed in 58.3%, and p53 protein expression was observed in 61.7% of the 60 patients. VEGF and p53 protein were significantly coexpressed in 26 (43.4%). Histological venous invasion (p less than 0.01) and distant metastasis (p less than 0.05) were significantly correlated with p53 protein expression. The two parameters were more frequently observed in the SCC with VEGF/p53 coexpression than in those without the coexpression. The MVD and Ki-67 LI were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001), and the AI was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the SCC with p53 protein expression than in the SCC without it. The MVD and Ki-67 LI were higher, and the AI was lower in the SCC with VEGF/p53 coexpression than in those without the coexpression. The 5-yr survival rate in patients with the coexpression was poorer than in the other patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that mutant p53 expression is associated with angiogenesis and distant metastasis in esophageal SCC, and that the coexpression of p53 and VEGF may play an important role in angiogenesis, and have important clinical significance.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Levels of expression of CYR61 and CTGF are prognostic for tumor progression and survival of individuals with gliomas.\n\nThe biological properties of CCN proteins include stimulation of cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion, as well as angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. We quantified CYR61, CTGF, WISP-1, and NOV mRNA expression levels in samples from sixty-six primary gliomas and five normal brain samples using quantitative real-time PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed to explore the links between expression of the CCN genes and clinical and pathological parameters. Overexpression of CYR61, CTGF, WISP-1, and NOV occurred in 48% (32 of 66), 58% (38 of 66), 36% (24 of 66), and 15% (10 of 66) of primary gliomas, respectively. Interestingly, significant associations were found between CYR61 expression versus tumor grade, pathology, gender, and age at diagnosis. Also, a significant correlation existed between CTGF mRNA levels versus tumor grade, gender, and pathology. In contrast to CYR61 and CTGF, no significant association was found between expression of either WISP-1 or NOV versus any of the pathological features. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis showed that CYR61 and CTGF expression had a significant correlation with patient survival. These results suggest that CYR61 and CTGF may play a role in the progression of gliomas; their levels at diagnosis may have prognostic significance; and these proteins might serve as valuable targets for therapeutic intervention.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Mast cell heparin stimulates migration of capillary endothelial cells in vitro.\n\nMigration of capillary endothelial cells is an important component of angiogenesis in vivo. Increased numbers of mast cells have been associated with several types of angiogenesis. We have used a quantitative assay in vitro to demonstrate that mast cells release a factor that significantly increases bovine capillary endothelial cell migration. The factor is present in medium conditioned by mast cells as well as lysates of mast cells. The stimulatory effect of mast cells on migration is specific for capillary endothelial cells. Furthermore, mast cells have no mitogenic activity for capillary endothelial cells. Of all the secretory products of mast cells tested, only heparin stimulated capillary endothelial cell migration in vitro. Heparin preparations from a variety of sources stimulated capillary endothelial cell migration to the same degree but did not stimulate migration of several other cell types. The migration activity of heparin and mast cell conditioned medium was blocked by specific antagonists of heparin (protamine and heparinase), but not by chondroitinase ABC. The migration activity of mast cell conditioned medium was resistant to heat (100 degrees C) and incubation with proteolytic enzymes. These results suggest that the role of mast cells in angiogenesis may be to enhance migration of the endothelial cells of growing capillaries.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Recombinant human prothrombin kringle-2 inhibits B16F10 melanoma metastasis through inhibition of neovascularization and reduction of matrix metalloproteinase expression.\n\nAngiogenesis, a multi-step process which involves endothelial cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and basement membrane (BM) degradation, is essential for tumor metastasis. Here we show that recombinant human prothrombin kringle-2 (rk-2) inhibited bovine capillary endothelial cell migration with an IC(50) (concentration for half maximal inhibition) of 38 nM and inhibited adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Because tumor metastasis requires angiogenesis, we examined whether rk-2 could inhibit metastases induced by injection of B16F10 melanoma cells into mice. The results revealed that the metastatic tumors in mouse lung were markedly decreased in a dose-dependent manner and acute lung injury induced by B16F10 melanoma metastasis was diminished by systemic rk-2 treatment. In immunohistochemical analysis, rk-2 reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, which is a potent angiogenic activator and neovascularization in the mouse lung. Also, rk-2 diminished the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in the mouse lung which induces tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. These data suggest that inhibition of B16F10 melanoma metastasis by rk-2 was caused by inhibition of neovascularization and reduction of matrix metalloproteinase expression.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ <-9>] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Angiogenesis-a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic heart disease.\n\nAngiogenesis is the biologic process of forming new blood vessels. Undoubtedly, blood vessels growth regulation is a vital aspect in health and disease. Under physiological conditions, angiogenesis is regulated by local balance between endogenous stimulators and inhibitors of this process. In many diseases state body loses control over angiogenesis. Angiogenesis-dependent diseases result when new blood vessels either grow excessively or insufficiently. Insufficient angiogenesis occurs in diseases such as coronary artery disease, stroke and chronic wounds. Myocardial ischemia both acute and chronic has been clearly shown to stimulate angiogenesis in many experimental models. Therapeutic angiogenesis is the biological agents or bioactive material to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. Traditional coronary revascularization therapies such as coronary angioplasty or bypass graft surgery, act by restoring blood flow through the preexisting coronary vessels. One limitation of these approaches, however, may be the failure to normalize myocardial perfusion, due to the concomitant presence or small of resistance vessel disease. In contrast, therapeutic angiogenesis is based on the concept that coronary collateral development may be stimulated by pharmacological or molecular means and can limit myocardial ischemia. Studies, both in human and animal models support the notion that, various angiogenic growth factors and progenitor cells can enhance new blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), recombinant proteins and bone marrow stem cells are currently used therapeutic stimulators for angiogenesis. As coronary artery disease is the major cause of death in the developed societies and also an emerging health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh therapeutic angiogenesis may provide hope as a new treatment modality for ischemic heart disease with or in place of current therapies.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by periodontal pathogens in gingival fibroblasts.\n\nVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has recently attracted attention as a potent inducer of vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Aberrant angiogenesis is often associated with lesion formation in chronic periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the properties of VEGF expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) culture. HGF were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), vesicle (Ve) and outer membrane protein (OMP) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. HGF constitutively produced VEGF and levels were significantly enhanced (P less than 0.01) by stimulation with Ve and OMP from A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis at concentrations of 10 microg/ml or higher. On the other hand, VEGF levels were not increased by LPS stimulation. VEGF mRNA expression was also observed in Ve- and OMP-stimulated HGF. A vascular permeability enhancement (VPE) assay was performed using guinea pigs to ascertain whether supernatant from cultures of Ve- and OMP-stimulated HGF enhance vascular permeability in vivo. Supernatant from cultures of Ve- and OMP-stimulated HGF strongly induced VPE. This was markedly suppressed upon simultaneous injection of anti-VEGF polyclonal antibodies with the supernatant. Heating and protease treatment of the stimulants reduced the VEGF enhancing levels in Ve and OMP in vitro. These results suggest that Ve and OMP may be crucial heat-labile and protease-sensitive components of periodontal pathogens that enhance VEGF expression. In addition, VEGF might be associated with the etiology of periodontitis in its early stages according to neovascularization stimulated by periodontal pathogens causing swelling and edema.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Autocrine angiogenic vascular prosthesis with bone marrow transplantation.\n\nSynthetic vascular prostheses are foreign bodies, so that blood coagulation can occur on their luminal surfaces, causing graft occlusion very frequently in prostheses of small diameter. A vascular prosthesis needs angiogenesis for endothelialization of the luminal surface, as endothelial cells have natural and permanent antithrombogenic properties. To induce capillary growth into the graft, we developed a method of transplanting bone marrow cells, which are primitive, strong enough to survive, and create blood cells, resulting in the inducement of capillary growth. In an animal experiment, marrow cells were infiltrated into the walls of long-fibril expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts. The grafts were implanted in the abdominal aortic position of 24 dogs autologously. Marrow cells survived and continued exogenous hemopoiesis for up to six months and were immunohistochemically reactive to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). All the grafts older than three weeks had complete endothelialization and maintained their patency. Twenty grafts without bone marrow were implanted as controls. Endothelialization was present at anastomotic sites, but other areas were covered with fresh thrombi. Four out of seven control grafts were patent with endothelial cell lining at six months, but three were occluded and one of the four grafts was still covered with a thrombus layer. Bone marrow with its unique native properties produced autocrine angiogenicity in the graft.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Systemic regulation of distraction osteogenesis: a cascade of biochemical factors.\n\nThis study investigates the systemic biochemical regulation of fracture healing in distraction osteogenesis compared with rigid osteotomy in a prospective in vivo study in humans. To further clarify the influence of mechanical strain on the regulation of bone formation, bone growth factors (insulin-like growth factor [IGF] I, IGF binding protein [IGFBP] 3, transforming growth factor [TGF] beta1, and basic FGF [bFGF]), bone matrix degrading enzymes (matrix-metalloproteinases [MMPs] 1, 2, and 3), human growth hormone (hGH), and bone formation markers (ALP, bone-specific ALP [BAP], and osteocalcin [OC]) have been analyzed in serum samples from 10 patients in each group pre- and postoperatively. In the distraction group, a significant postoperative increase in MMP-1, bFGF, ALP, and BAP could be observed during the lengthening and the consolidation period when compared with the baseline levels. Osteotomy fracture healing without the traction stimulus failed to induce a corresponding increase in these factors. In addition, comparison of both groups revealed a significantly higher increase in TGF-beta1, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and hGH in the lengthening group during the distraction period, indicating key regulatory functions in mechanotransduction. The time courses of changes in MMP-1, bone growth factors (TGF-beta1 and bFGF), and hGH, respectively, correlated significantly during the lengthening phase, indicating common regulatory pathways for these factors in distraction osteogenesis. Significant correlation between the osteoblastic marker BAP, TGF-beta1, and bFGF suggests strain-activated osteoblastic cells as a major source of systemically increased bone growth factors during callus distraction. The systemic increase in bFGF and MMP-1 might reflect an increased local stimulation of angiogenesis during distraction osteogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Tumor Angiogenesis: Initiation and Targeting - Therapeutic Targeting of an FGF-Binding Protein, an Angiogenic Switch Molecule, and Indicator of Early Stages of Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas -.\n\nTumor angiogenesis has been related to the initiation as well as progression toward more aggressive behavior of human tumors. In particular, the activity of angiogenic factors is crucial for tumor progression. We previously characterized a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) as a chaperone molecule, which binds to various FGFs, enhances FGF-mediated biochemical and biologic events and importantly is a crucial rate-limiting factor for tumor-dependent angiogenesis. We generated monoclonal antibodies that target FGF-BP protein and used them as a tool to evaluate frequency and pattern of FGF-BP expression during the malignant progression of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma in archival tissue samples. We found that FGF-BP is dramatically upregulated during the initiation of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Crucial genetic events underlying the initiation and progression of colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinoma with a particular focus on the modulation of angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are discussed. We propose that the upregulation of the secreted FGF-BP protein during early phases of pancreas and colon cancer could make this protein a possible serum marker indicating the presence of high-risk premalignant lesions. Furthermore, the biological activity of FGF-BP is neutralized by monoclonal antibodies suggesting the potential for antibody-based therapeutic targeting.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Tumor endothelial cell targeted cyclic RGD-modified heparin derivative: inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth.\n\nPURPOSE: We prepared tumor endothelium targeted cRGD-modified heparin derivative (cRGD-HL) by coupling heparin-lithocholic acid (HL) with cRGDyK, and evaluated inhibition effects of cRGD-HL on angiogenesis and tumor growth. METHODS: To evaluate antiangiogenic activity of cRGD-HL, we performed tests on endothelial cell adhesion and migration to vitronectin, tube formation, binding affinity to purified alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The antitumor activity of cRGD-HL was also evaluated by monitoring tumor growth and microvessel formation in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC7) tumor. RESULTS: The cRGD-HL significantly inhibited adhesion and migration of endothelial cells to vitronectin, and tubular structures of endothelial cells. Compared to cRGDyK and HL, cRGD-HL has high binding affinity to purified alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. The enhanced antiangiogenic effect of cRGD-HL was confirmed in Matrigel assay by showing the significant inhibition of bFGF-driven angiogenesis and blood vessel formation. It was thought that potent antiangiogenic effect of cRGD-HL was probably due to the interference of alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated interaction, resulting in the enhanced antitumoral activity against SCC7 tumor. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that cRGD-modified heparin derivative enhanced anti-angiotherapeutic effects against solid tumor, and therefore, it could be applied to treat various cancers and angiogenic diseases as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "CCL16 activates an angiogenic program in vascular endothelial cells.\n\nBesides regulating leukocyte trafficking in normal and injured tissues, several chemokines may positively or negatively regulate angiogenesis. Here we report that CCL16 activates an angiogenic program in vascular endothelial cells by activating CCR1. CCL16 induces dose-dependent random and directional migration of endothelial cells isolated from large vessels and liver capillaries without inducing their proliferation. It also promotes endothelial differentiation into capillary-like structures in an in vitro assay and is angiogenic in the chick chorionallantoic membrane. These angiogenic activities are neutralized by a specific antibody against CCL16. The direct angiogenic activity of CCL16 is further amplified by its ability to prime endothelium to a mitogen signal induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A and to raise their basal production of CXCL8 and CCL2, 2 other angiogenic chemokines. BX471 (R-N-[5-chloro-2-[2-[4(4-fluorophenyl) methyl]-2-methyl-1-piperazinyl]-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl] urea hydrochloric acid salt), a CCR1 antagonist, inhibits angiogenic properties of CCL16, whereas blocking of CCR8 or desensitizing CCR2, which are both well known receptors for CCL16, did not abolish endothelial activation. CCL16 may be specifically cross-linked to CCR1 expressed on endothelial cells. The largely restricted CCL16 expression in the liver suggests that this chemokine may play a role in hepatic vascular formation during development and in angiogenesis associated to hepatic diseases.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Antivascular actions of microtubule-binding drugs.\n\nMicrotubule-binding drugs (MBD) are widely used in cancer chemotherapy and also have clinically relevant antiangiogenic and vascular-disrupting properties. These antivascular actions are due in part to direct effects on endothelial cells, and all MBDs (both microtubule-stabilizing and microtubule-destabilizing) inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, actions that are thought to correspond to therapeutic antiangiogenic actions. In addition, the microtubule-destabilizing agents cause prominent changes in endothelial cell morphology, an action associated with rapid vascular collapse in vivo. The effects on endothelial cells occur in vitro at low drug concentrations, which do not affect microtubule gross morphology, do not cause microtubule bundling or microtubule loss and do not induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or cell death. Rather, it has been hypothesized that, at low concentrations, MBDs produce more subtle effects on microtubule dynamics, block critical cell signaling pathways, and prevent the microtubules from properly interacting with transient subcellular assemblies (focal adhesions and adherens junctions) whose subsequent stabilization and/or maturation are required for cell motility and cell-cell interactions. This review will focus on recent studies to define the molecular mechanisms for the antivascular actions of the MBDs, information that could be useful in the identification or design of agents whose actions more selectively target the tumor vasculature.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Prognostic value of angiogenesis in operable non-small cell lung cancer.\n\nTumour angiogenesis is an important factor for tumour growth and metastasis. Although some recent reports suggest that microvessel counts in non-small cell lung cancer are related to a poor disease outcome, the results were not conclusive and were not compared with other molecular prognostic markers. In the present study, the vascular grade was assessed in 107 (T1,2-N0,1) operable non-small cell lung carcinomas, using the JC70 monoclonal antibody to CD31. Three vascular grades were defined with appraisal by eye and by Chalkley counting: high (Chalkley score 7-12), medium (5-6), and low (2-4). There was a significant correlation between eye appraisal and Chalkley counting (P less than 0.0001). Vascular grade was not related to histology, grade, proliferation index (Ki67), or EGFR or p53 expression. Tumours from younger patients had a higher grade of angiogenesis (P = 0.05). Apart from the vascular grade, none of the other factors examined was statistically related to lymph node metastasis (P less than 0.0001). A univariate analysis of survival showed that vascular grade was the most significant prognostic factor (P = 0.0004), followed by N-stage (P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, N-stage and vascular grade were not found to be independent prognostic factors, since they were strongly related to each other. Excluding N-stage, vascular grade was the only independent prognostic factor (P = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a statistically significant worse prognosis for patients with high vascular grade, but no difference was observed between low and medium vascular grade. These data suggest that angiogenesis in operable non-small cell lung cancer is a major prognostic factor for survival and, among the parameters tested, is the only factor related to cancer cell migration to lymph nodes. The integration of vascular grading in clinical trials on adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy could substantially contribute in defining groups of operable patients who might benefit from cytotoxic treatment.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Clinical significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a prognostic factor of cancer disease]\n\nInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is proinflammatory cytokine that produces multifunctional effects. It is also involved in the regulation of immune reactions, hematopoiesis and inflammatory state. Interleukin-6 has been shown to be associated with tumor progression including inhibition of cancer cells apoptosis and stimulation of angiogenesis. Anti-IL-6 therapy is a new strategy in the inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancer. Clinical studies have shown elevated serum IL-6 concentrations in patients with endometrial cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, breast and ovarian cancer. Serum IL-6 levels correlate with tumor stage, and survival of patients. In this article we have focused on a role of IL-6 as a prognostic factor in several malignancies such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Silencing of directional migration in roundabout4 knockdown endothelial cells.\n\nBACKGROUND: Roundabouts are axon guidance molecules that have recently been identified to play a role in vascular guidance as well. In this study, we have investigated gene knockdown analysis of endothelial Robos, in particular roundabout 4 (robo4), the predominant Robo in endothelial cells using small interfering RNA technology in vitro. RESULTS: Robo1 and Robo4 knockdown cells display distinct activity in endothelial cell migration assay. The knockdown of robo4 abrogated the chemotactic response of endothelial cells to serum but enhanced a chemokinetic response to Slit2, while robo1 knockdown cells do not display chemotactic response to serum or VEGF. Robo4 knockdown endothelial cells unexpectedly show up regulation of Rho GTPases. Zebrafish Robo4 rescues both Rho GTPase homeostasis and serum reduced chemotaxis in robo4 knockdown cells. Robo1 and Robo4 interact and share molecules such as Slit2, Mena and Vilse, a Cdc42-GAP. In addition, this study mechanistically implicates IRSp53 in the signaling nexus between activated Cdc42 and Mena, both of which have previously been shown to be involved with Robo4 signaling in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: This study identifies specific components of the Robo signaling apparatus that work together to guide directional migration of endothelial cells.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Randomized, open label, prospective study on the effect of zoledronic acid on the prevention of bone metastases in patients with recurrent solid tumors that did not present with bone metastases at baseline.\n\nOBJECTIVES: Bisphosphonates have been used successfully in the treatment of hypercalcemia and to reduce skeletal-related complications of bone metastases. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggest that they may also have direct antitumor effects via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of the invasive potential of tumor cell lines in vitro, inhibition of angiogenesis, and reduction in tumor growth indirectly via effects on accessory cells. This is a randomized, open label, prospective study that examined the effect of preventive zoledronic acid treatment on the development of bone metastases in patients with recurrent solid tumors, without bone metastases at the time of randomization. METHODS: Forty patients with recurrent or metastatic advanced cancer, without bone metastases, were randomized into the trial to either receive zoledronic acid or no treatment. Patients were followed up until bone metastases were established. RESULTS: The percentage of patients being bone metastases free at 12 mo was 60% in the zoledronic acid and 10% in the control group (p less than 0.0005), while the percentages at 18 mo were 20% and 5% respectively (p=0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The results have shown that bisphosphonates as adjuvant treatment might be useful for the prevention of bone metastases; however, there is need for blinded randomized data before such an approach would be confirmed. In the meantime preventive use of bisphosphonates in patients without any bone metastases should not be used outside the scope of a clinical trial.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Radiologic-pathologic correlations in breast diseases]\n\nThe objective of this article is to explain radiologic patterns of benign and malignant breast lesions (masses, microcalcifications) based on histological correlations. The stromal fibrous reaction associated to infiltrating carcinomas is responsible of focal increased density, and architectural distorsion, ultrasound acoustic shadowing; abnormal neoangiogenesis can be detected by Doppler, CT or MR imaging. Invasive carcinomas without spiculated margins are poorly differentiated tumors. Mammographic patterns of microcalcifications depend on their physiopathological process (necrosis, secretion), and the shape of clusters (round, triangular) typifies their anatomical site of origin (lobular, ductal). Less frequent lesions (invasive lobular, mucinous, and medullary carcinomas, radial scar) will be also explained based on radiopathological correlations. Knowledge of radiopathological correlations in breast diseases helps the radiologists to analyze and characterize breast lesions.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Pten signaling in gliomas.\n\nIn 1997, the PTEN gene (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) was identified as a tumor suppressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 10. Since then, important progress has been made with respect to the understanding of the role of the Pten protein in the normal development of the brain as well as in the molecular pathogenesis of human gliomas. This review summarizes the current state of the art concerning the involvement of aberrant Pten function in the development of different biologic features of malignant gliomas, such as loss of cell-cycle control and uncontrolled cell proliferation, escape from apoptosis, brain invasion, and aberrant neoangiogenesis. Most of the tumor-suppressive properties of Pten are dependent on its lipid phosphatase activity, which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway through dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate. The additional function of Pten as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase may also play a role in glioma pathogenesis. Besides the wealth of data elucidating the functional roles of Pten, recent studies suggest a diagnostic significance of PTEN gene alterations as a molecular marker for poor prognosis in anaplastic astrocytomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Furthermore, the possibility of selective targeting of PTEN mutant tumor cells by specific pharmacologic inhibitors of members of the Pten/PI3K/Akt pathway opens up new perspectives for a targeted molecular therapy of malignant gliomas.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "The myoadipose flap: a new composite.\n\nA prefabricated composite fat flap consisting of muscle woven into an anatomically distinct fat pad was studied in a rabbit model. In 17 rabbits, a 2-cm strip of latissimus dorsi was woven into the parascapular fat pad on one side, with the contralateral fat pad serving as a control. At 3 weeks, the endogenous blood supply of both the control and the experimental fat pads was isolated and ligated, and the composite fat/muscle flap was transferred to the chest wall. At 6 weeks, animals were killed, and flaps were analyzed for length, width, and weight; perfused with fluorescein or lead oxide; and examined histologically. Significant differences were found between the control and experimental fat pads with regard to weight and length. Experimental flaps were found to be perfused fully with fluorescein and lead oxide; control fat pads were found not to be perfused. The lead oxide group revealed extensive growth of blood vessels from the latissimus graft into the experimental fat pad. No vessels were visualized in the controls. Finally, sections of the control and experimental flaps were analyzed histologically. A preponderance of viable fat, with evidence of neovascularization, was found in experimental flaps, compared with the necrotic fat that characterized the controls. We conclude that prefabrication of a fat flap is possible and may have extensive application in various areas of plastic surgery.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Management of early and advanced colorectal cancer: therapeutic issues.\n\nPURPOSE: The staging of colorectal cancer, therapeutic decision making in the management of early and advanced colorectal cancer, and dilemmas posed by drug-related toxicity are discussed. SUMMARY: Staging of colorectal cancer occurs after surgery and is based on the extent of disease invasiveness and dissemination. Surgery is the primary treatment for stage I disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended after resection in selected high-risk patients with stage II disease and in all patients with stage III disease. Convenience of administration, tolerability, and patient factors not necessarily age may be considerations in decisions about adjuvant therapy after resection. Treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer is based on the type of prior therapy and patient-specific factors. Recently, significant improvements in survival have been achieved through the use of combination chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody regimens. Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy is first-line therapy for stage IV disease. Age alone should not preclude the use of chemotherapy in stage IV colorectal cancer, although the ability to tolerate drug-related toxicity may be a consideration. The optimal duration of chemotherapy in patients with early and metastatic colorectal cancer is unclear. CONCLUSION: The optimal approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer depends on several considerations, including patient-specific factors.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Host-derived angiopoietin-2 affects early stages of tumor development and vessel maturation but is dispensable for later stages of tumor growth.\n\nThe angiopoietin/Tie2 system has been identified as the second vascular-specific receptor tyrosine kinase system controlling vessel assembly, maturation, and quiescence. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is prominently up-regulated in the host-derived vasculature of most tumors, making it an attractive candidate for antiangiogenic intervention. Yet, the net outcome of Ang-2 functions on tumor angiogenesis is believed to be contextual depending on the local cytokine milieu. Correspondingly, Ang-2 manipulatory therapies have been shown to exert protumorigenic as well as antitumorigenic effects. To clarify the role of Ang-2 for angiogenesis and tumor growth in a definite genetic experimental setting, the present study was aimed at comparatively studying the growth of different tumors in wild-type and Ang-2-deficient mice. Lewis lung carcinomas, MT-ret melanomas, and B16F10 melanomas all grew slower in Ang-2-deficient mice. Yet, tumor growth in wild-type and Ang-2-deficient mice dissociated during early stages of tumor development, whereas tumor growth rates during later stages of primary tumor progression were similar. Analysis of the intratumoral vascular architecture revealed no major differences in microvessel density and perfusion characteristics. However, diameters of intratumoral microvessels were smaller in tumors grown in Ang-2-deficient mice, and the vasculature had an altered pattern of pericyte recruitment and maturation. Ang-2-deficient tumor vessels had higher pericyte coverage indices. Recruited pericytes were desmin and NG2 positive and predominately alpha-smooth muscle actin negative, indicative of a more mature pericyte phenotype. Collectively, the experiments define the role of Ang-2 during tumor angiogenesis and establish a better rationale for combination therapies involving Ang-2 manipulatory therapies.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Diverse cell signaling events modulated by perlecan.\n\nPerlecan is a ubiquitous pericellular proteoglycan ideally placed to mediate cell signaling events controlling migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Its control of growth factor signaling usually involves interactions with the heparan sulfate chains covalently coupled to the protein core's N-terminus. However, this modular protein core also binds with relatively high affinity to a number of growth factors and surface receptors, thereby stabilizing cell-matrix links. This review will focus on perlecan-growth factor interactions and describe recent advances in our understanding of this highly conserved proteoglycan during development, cancer growth, and angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic capacities of perlecan that involve proliferative and migratory signals in response to bound growth factors will be explored, as well as the anti-angiogenic signals resulting from interactions between the C-terminal domain known as endorepellin and integrins that control adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix. These two somewhat diametrically opposed roles will be discussed in light of new data emerging from various fields which converge on perlecan as a key regulator of cell growth and angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Pathological animal models in the experimental evaluation of tumour microvasculature with magnetic resonance imaging.\n\nPURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in particular, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), in the assessment of tumour microvasculature by means of animal tumour models evaluated before and after antiangiogenic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two MRI exams were performed with intravascular contrast media in 21 rats: tumours were induced by subcutaneous injection of colon carcinoma cells in 7 rats and mammary adenocarcinoma cells in 14 rats. Perfusion and permeability parameters of the implanted tumours were evaluated by using two contrast media (B22956/1 and Gd-DTPA37-albumin) to establish response to treatment with two different antiangiogenic drugs (tamoxifen and SU6668). These parameters were correlated with histology to obtain a radiological-histological map of tumour microvasculature. RESULTS: DCE-MRI revealed greater enhancement in the peripheral area than in the central area in all the examined animal models. In the mammary carcinoma experiment, vascular permeability measured by means of B22956/1 in the animals treated with the antiangiogenic drug (0.0043317+/-0.0040418 ml/min(-1)/ml(-1)) was significantly less than in untreated animals (0.0090460+/-0.0043680 ml/min(-1)/ml(-1)), whereas no significant difference was observed with Gd-DTPA-albumin (13.14+/-13.94 ml/min(-1)/ml(-1) in treated animals and 18.07+/-11.92 ml/min(-1)/ml(-1) in untreated animals). In the colon carcinoma experiment, mean permeability and perfusion decreased by 51% (from 5.2+/-1.1 to 2.5+/-0.8 ml/100 ml) and 59% (from 0.00165+/-5.1 to 0.0067+/-4.8 ml/min(-1)/ml(-1) of tissue), respectively, in all animals after antiangiogenic drug administration. CONCLUSIONS: DCE-MRI permits a noninvasive evaluation of tumour microcirculation and in particular of its dynamic characteristics and vascularity before and after antiangiogenic treatment.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Impaired coronary collateral vessel development in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.\n\nBACKGROUND: Diabetic patients have been reported to have impaired coronary collateral vessel growth, although they have excessive neovascularization in the retina. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to compare coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with that in patients without DR. METHODS: Ninety diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion in at least one major epicardial coronary artery were enrolled in the study. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of 48 patients without DR and 42 patients with PDR, respectively. Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was analyzed according to the Rentrop system. Each group was also divided into two subgroups according to poor and good CCC. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS: The mean Rentrop collateral score was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (2.39 +/- 1.07 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.76, respectively, p less than 0.001). When the two groups were compared with respect to poor and good CCC, poor CCC was higher in patients with PDR (64 vs. 36%, respectively, p = 0.01). Serum VEGF levels were higher in patients with PDR than in those without DR (219 +/- 99 vs. 139 +/- 98 pg/ml, p less than 0.001); however, patients with poor and good CCC had similar VEGF levels. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that patients with PDR have a lower coronary collateral score than patients without DR. Also, serum VEGF was significantly higher in patients with PDR than in those without DR. These findings have suggested that diabetes mellitus may have a different action on retinal and coronary circulation.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Functional significance of VEGF-a in human ovarian carcinoma: role in vasculogenic mimicry.\n\nOvarian cancer is a silent killer, and shows early extensive tumor invasion and peritoneal metastasis. The microcirculation of most tumors includes cooperation of pre-existing vessels, intussusceptive microvascular growth, postnatal vasculogenesis, glomeruloid angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). VM is critical for a tumor blood supply and is asscociated with aggressive features and metastasis. Our studies highlight the plasticity of aggressive human ovarian carcinoma cells and call into question the underlying significance of their ability to form VM in vitro induced by VEGF-a. These studies also show their clinicalpathological features of the cancers with human Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples. Results show that the process: VEGF-a-- greater than EphA2-- greater than MMPs-- greater than VM is the main pathway for VM formation and VEGF-a appears to play an important role in the formation of VM based on our in vitro assays and clinical immunohistochemical analyses. VM-targeting strategies for ovarian cancer include anti-VEGF-a treatment, knocking down the EphA2 gene and using antibodies against human MMPs if the tumor is VM positive. This strategy may be of significant value in laying the foundation for a more explicit anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Troponin I inhibits capillary endothelial cell proliferation by interaction with the cell's bFGF receptor.\n\nTroponin I (TnI) is a novel cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitor, first demonstrated by Moses et al. (1999, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2645-2650) to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, both in vivo and in vitro, and to inhibit metastasis of a wide variety of tumors in vivo. Despite convincing evidence of its efficacy, little is known about the mechanism of action of TnI as an anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic agent. In the current article we demonstrate that TnI inhibits both bFGF-stimulated and basal levels of endothelial cell proliferation, and we hypothesize that this inhibition is occurring, at least in part, via an interaction of TnI with the cell-surface bFGF receptor on capillary endothelial cells. We further support this hypothesis by providing the first evidence that TnI can act on nonendothelial as well as endothelial cells and by demonstrating that this inhibitory action is specific for the bFGF receptor on the target cells. Preliminary data suggest that TnI may be competing with bFGF for interaction with the bFGF receptor on responsive cells.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Use of uteroglobin for the engineering of polyvalent, polyspecific fusion proteins.\n\nWe report a novel strategy to engineer and express stable and soluble human recombinant polyvalent/polyspecific fusion proteins. The procedure is based on the use of a central skeleton of uteroglobin, a small and very soluble covalently linked homodimeric protein that is very resistant to proteolytic enzymes and to pH variations. Using a human recombinant antibody (scFv) specific for the angiogenesis marker domain B of fibronectin, interleukin 2, and an scFv able to neutralize tumor necrosis factor-alpha, we expressed various biologically active uteroglobin fusion proteins. The results demonstrate the possibility to generate monospecific divalent and tetravalent antibodies, immunocytokines, and dual specificity tetravalent antibodies. Furthermore, compared with similar fusion proteins in which uteroglobin was not used, the use of uteroglobin improved properties of solubility and stability. Indeed, in the reported cases it was possible to vacuum dry and reconstitute the proteins without any aggregation or loss in protein and biological activity.\n", "output": "[ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Integrin alphavbeta3 requirement for sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activity during angiogenesis.\n\nAngiogenesis depends on growth factors and vascular cell adhesion events. Integrins and growth factors are capable of activating the ras/MAP kinase pathway in vitro, yet how these signals influence endothelial cells during angiogenesis is unknown. Upon initiation of angiogenesis with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), endothelial cell mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (ERK) activity was detected as early as 5 min yet was sustained for at least 20 h. The initial wave of ERK activity (5-120 min) was refractory to integrin antagonists, whereas the sustained activity (4-20 h) depended on integrin alphavbeta3, but not beta1 integrins. Inhibition of MAP kinase kinase (MEK) during this sustained alphavbeta3-dependent ERK signal blocked the formation of new blood vessels while not influencing preexisting blood vessels on the CAM. Inhibition of MEK also blocked growth factor induced migration but not adhesion of endothelial cells in vitro. Therefore, angiogenesis depends on sustained ERK activity regulated by the ligation state of both a growth factor receptor and integrin alphavbeta3.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "p53 hot-spot mutants increase tumor vascularization via ROS-mediated activation of the HIF1/VEGF-A pathway.\n\nThe function of p53 tumor suppressor is often altered in various human tumors predominantly through missense-mutations resulting in accumulation of mutant proteins. We revealed that expression of p53 proteins with amino-acid substitutions at codons 175 (R175H), 248 (R248W), and 273 (R273H), representing the hot-spots of mutations in various human tumors, increased the number of vessels in HCT116 human colon carcinoma xenografts and, as a result, accelerated their growth. Stimulation of tumor angiogenesis was connected with about 2-fold increase in intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAC) decreased vessels number in tumors formed by cells with inactivated p53 and inhibited their growth. Effect of ROS on angiogenesis in tumors expressing hot-spot p53 mutants was correlated with their ability to increase a content of HIF1 transcriptional factor responsible for up-regulation of VEGF-A mRNAs.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Distinct role of PLCbeta3 in VEGF-mediated directional migration and vascular sprouting.\n\nEndothelial cell proliferation and migration is essential to angiogenesis. Typically, proliferation and chemotaxis of endothelial cells is driven by growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). VEGF activates phospholipases (PLCs) - specifically PLCgamma1 - that are important for tubulogenesis, differentiation and DNA synthesis. However, we show here that VEGF, specifically through VEGFR2, induces phosphorylation of two serine residues on PLCbeta3, and this was confirmed in an ex vivo embryoid body model. Knockdown of PLCbeta3 in HUVEC cells affects IP3 production, actin reorganization, migration and proliferation; whereas migration is inhibited, proliferation is enhanced. Our data suggest that enhanced proliferation is precipitated by an accelerated cell cycle, and decreased migration by an inability to activate CDC42. Given that PLCbeta3 is typically known as an effector of heterotrimeric G-proteins, our data demonstrate a unique crosstalk between the G-protein and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) axes and reveal a novel molecular mechanism of VEGF signaling and, thus, angiogenesis.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Investigating the causes of low birth weight in contrasting ovine paradigms.\n\nIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) still accounts for a large incidence of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many of the circulatory and transport properties of the sheep placenta are similar to those of the human placenta and as such, the pregnant sheep offers an excellent model in which to study the development of IUGR. Two natural models of ovine IUGR are those of hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy, and adolescent overfeeding, also during pregnancy. Both models yield significantly reduced placental weights and an asymmetrically growth-restricted fetus, and display altered maternal hormone concentrations, indicative of an impaired trophoblast capacity. Additionally, impaired placental angiogenesis and uteroplacental blood flow appears to be an early defect in both the hyperthermic and adolescent paradigms. The effects of these alterations in placental functional development appear to be irreversible. IUGR fetuses are both hypoxic and hypoglycaemic, and have reduced insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and elevated concentrations of lactate. However, fetal utilization of oxygen and glucose, on a weight basis, remain constant compared with control pregnancies. Maintained utilization of these substrates, in a substrate-deficient environment, suggests increased sensitivities to metabolic signals, which may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases in later adult life.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Short pigment epithelial-derived factor-derived peptide inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth.\n\nPURPOSE: Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor with multiple other functions, some of which enhance tumor growth. Our previous studies mapped PEDF antiangiogenic and prosurvival activities to distinct epitopes. This study was aimed to determine the minimal fragment of PEDF, which maintains antiangiogenic and antitumor efficacy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed antigenicity, hydrophilicity, and charge distribution of the angioinhibitory epitope (the 34-mer) and designed three peptides covering its COOH terminus, P14, P18, and P23. We analyzed their ability to block endothelial cell chemotaxis and induce apoptosis in vitro and their antiangiogenic activity in vivo. The selected peptide was tested for the antitumor activity against mildly aggressive xenografted prostate carcinoma and highly aggressive renal cell carcinoma. To verify that P18 acts in the same manner as PEDF, we used immunohistochemistry to measure PEDF targets, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and CD95 ligand expression in P18-treated vasculature. RESULTS: P14 and P18 blocked endothelial cell chemotaxis; P18 and P23 induced apoptosis. P18 showed the highest IC50 and blocked angiogenesis in vivo: P23 was inactive and P14 was proangiogenic. P18 increased the production of CD95 ligand and reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 by the endothelial cells in vivo. In tumor studies, P18 was more effective in blocking the angiogenesis and growth of the prostate cancer than parental 34-mer; in the renal cell carcinoma, P18 strongly decreased angiogenesis and halted the progression of established tumors. CONCLUSIONS: P18 is a novel and potent antiangiogenic biotherapeutic agent that has potential to be developed for the treatment of prostate and renal cancer.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Tumour angiogenesis: its mechanism and therapeutic implications in malignant gliomas.\n\nAngiogenesis is a key event in the progression of malignant gliomas. The presence of microvascular proliferation leads to the histological diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Tumour angiogenesis involves multiple cellular processes including endothelial cell proliferation, migration, reorganisation of extracellular matrix and tube formation. These processes are regulated by numerous pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic growth factors. Angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed to interrupt the angiogenic process at the growth factor, receptor tyrosine kinase and intracellular kinase levels. Other anti-angiogenic therapies alter the immune response and endogeneous angiogenesis inhibitor levels. Most anti-angiogenic therapies for malignant gliomas are in Phase I/II trials and only modest efficacies are reported for monotherapies. The greatest potential for angiogenesis inhibitors may lie in their ability to combine safely with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Building the vertebrate vasculature: research is going swimmingly.\n\nThe vertebrate vasculature develops in remarkably similar fashion in all vertebrates. A cohort of unspecified mesodermal cells differentiates into primitive endothelial cells, which migrate to and occupy positions within the stereotypical blueprint of the primitive vasculature. Once in position, these cells coalesce and form cords, which lumenize and become ensheathed by supporting pericytes and smooth muscle cells. This primitive vascular network is extensively remodeled in some places, and expanded by sprouting in others. Various studies using the mouse, quail/chick, and frog have uncovered a number of signals that guide these complex processes but many gaps still exist in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the embryonic vasculature is built. Because many questions will require in vivo studies to be properly addressed, the zebrafish, with its unique accessibility to analysis by combined embryological, molecular, and genetic methods, should prove invaluable in identifying new molecules involved in blood vessel development and integrating pathways that influence embryonic blood vessel formation.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of endostatin in vivo results in high level of transgene expression and inhibition of tumor growth and metastases.\n\nInhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to be an effective strategy in cancer therapy in mice. However, its widespread application has been hampered by difficulties in the large-scale production of the antiangiogenic proteins. This limitation may be resolved by in vivo delivery and expression of the antiangiogenic genes. We have constructed a recombinant adenovirus that expresses murine endostatin that is biologically active both in vitro, as determined in endothelial cell proliferation assays, and in vivo, by suppression of angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor 165. Persistent high serum levels of endostatin (605-1740 ng/ml; mean, 936 ng/ml) were achieved after systemic administration of the vector to nude mice, which resulted in significant reduction of the growth rates and the volumes of JC breast carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively). In addition, the endostatin vector treatment completely prevented the formation of pulmonary micrometastases in Lewis lung carcinoma (P = 0.0001). Immunohistochemical staining of the tumors demonstrated a decreased number of blood vessels in the treatment group versus the controls. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrates the potential of vector-mediated antiangiogenic gene therapy as a component in cancer therapy.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Solid tumor therapy: manipulation of the vasculature with TNF.\n\nDrug delivery to solid tumors is one of the most challenging aspects in cancer therapy. Whereas agents seem promising in the test tube, clinical trials often fail due to unfavorable pharmacokinetics, poor delivery, low local concentrations, and limited accumulation in the target cell. A major step forwards in the treatment of solid tumors is the recognition of the tumor-associated vasculature as an important target for therapy. Inhibition of tumor vascular development has a direct effect on the growth and progression of the tumor. Destruction of an existing vasculature also directly inflicts serious damage to the tumor cell. Moreover, the tumor vascular bed can be manipulated facilitating enhanced permissiveness of the tumor for administered chemotherapeutics. In this review, we focus on the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in local and systemic therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy. In these settings TNF demonstrates potent and selective activity on the tumor vascular bed, which strongly improves tumor response.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "CX3CR1-dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration.\n\nThe role of retinal microglial cells (MCs) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. Here we demonstrated that all retinal MCs express CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and that homozygosity for the CX3CR1 M280 allele, which is associated with impaired cell migration, increases the risk of AMD. In humans with AMD, MCs accumulated in the subretinal space at sites of retinal degeneration and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In CX3CR1-deficient mice, MCs accumulated subretinally with age and albino background and after laser impact preceding retinal degeneration. Raising the albino mice in the dark prevented both events. The appearance of lipid-bloated subretinal MCs was drusen-like on funduscopy of senescent mice, and CX3CR1-dependent MC accumulation was associated with an exacerbation of experimental CNV. These results show that CX3CR1-dependent accumulation of subretinal MCs evokes cardinal features of AMD. These findings reveal what we believe to be a novel pathogenic process with important implications for the development of new therapies for AMD.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "[Prognostic significance of cellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the course of chronic myeloid leukaemia]\n\nINTRODUCTION: Increased angiogenesis in bone marrow is one of the characteristics of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a clonal myeloproliferative disorder that expresses a chimeric bcr/abl protein. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent and a specific regulator of angiogenesis which principally targets endothelial cells and regulates several of their functions, including mitogenesis, permeability and migration. The impact of elevated VEGF expression on the course of chronic myeloid leukaemia is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the follow-up of VEGF expression during the course of CML. METHODS: We studied VEGF expression of 85 CML patients (median age 50 years, range 16-75 years). At the commencement of the study, 29 patients were in chronic phase (CP), 25 in an accelerated phase (AP), and 31 in the blast crisis (BC). The temporal expression (percentage positivity per 1000 analysed cells) VEGF proteins over the course of CML were studied using the immunohistochemical technique utilizing relevant monoclonal antibodies. It was correlated with the laboratory (Hb, WBC and platelet counts, and the percentage of blasts) and clinical parameters (organomegaly, duration of CP, AP, and BC) of disease progression. RESULTS: The expression ofVEGF protein was most pronounced in AP (ANOVA, p=0.033). The level of VEGF expression correlated inversely with the degree of splenomegaly (Pearson, r=-0.400, p=0.011). High expression of VEGF correlated with a shorter overall survival (log rank, p=0.042). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemically confirmed significance of the expression of VEGF in dependence of the CML stage could be of clinical importance in deciding on the timing therapy. These data suggest that VEGF plays a role in the biology of CML and that VEGF inhibitors should be investigated in CML.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Hedgehog signaling in the murine melanoma microenvironment.\n\nThe Hedgehog intercellular signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. This pathway has been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer and in embryonic blood vessel development. In the current study, Hedgehog signaling in tumor related vasculature and microenvironment was examined using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and B16F0 (murine melanoma) tumors models. Use of exogenous Sonic hedgehog (Shh) peptide significantly increased BrdU incorporation in endothelial cells in vitro by a factor of 2 (P less than 0.001). The Hedgehog pathway antagonist cyclopamine effectively reduced Shh-induced proliferation to control levels. To study Hedgehog signaling in vivo a hind limb tumor model with the B16F0 cell line was used. Treatment with 25 mg/kg cyclopamine significantly attenuated BrdU incorporation in tumor cells threefold (P less than 0.001), in tumor related endothelial cells threefold (P = 0.004), and delayed tumor growth by 4 days. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the Hedgehog receptor Patched was localized to the tumor stroma and that B16F0 cells expressed Shh peptide. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts required the presence of B16F0 cells to express Patched in a co-culture assay system. These studies indicate that Shh peptide produced by melanoma cells induces Patched expression in fibroblasts. To study tumor related angiogenesis a vascular window model was used to monitor tumor vascularity. Treatment with cyclopamine significantly attenuated vascular formation by a factor of 2.5 (P less than 0.001) and altered vascular morphology. Furthermore, cyclopamine reduced tumor blood vessel permeability to FITC labeled dextran while having no effect on normal blood vessels. These studies suggest that Hedgehog signaling regulates melanoma related vascular formation and function.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Serum and urine levels of interleukin-8 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.\n\nAngiogenesis plays an important role in many types of cancer. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is known to be a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokine, and IL-8 has been reported to be associated with tumor progression, prognosis and survival in several types of cancers. However, the role of IL-8 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has not been fully determined. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of measuring serum and urine IL-8 levels in patients with NHL. We developed reference intervals for serum and urine IL-8 level in 131 control individuals. We measured serum IL-8 and urine IL-8 levels in patients with NHL, and we compared the concentrations with those of control individuals. The reference intervals for serum IL-8 and urine IL-8 corrected by creatinine (Cr) were 15.9-430.3 pg/mL and 0.0-28.4 pg/mg Cr, respectively. The concentrations of urine IL-8/Cr were significantly higher in patients than in controls (48.9+/-194.4 vs. 5.2+/-13.8 pg/mg Cr, P less than 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in serum IL-8 concentrations between NHL patients and controls (159.2+/-40.4 vs. 99.6+/-107.1 pg/mL; P=0.099). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis gave 0.83 and 0.43 ROC area values for urine IL-8/Cr and serum IL-8, respectively. There was no correlation between the serum and urine concentrations of IL-8 and clinical variables, the only exception being the international prognostic index (IPI), which showed a marginal correlation with urine IL-8/Cr levels (P=0.07). This study indicated that urine IL-8/Cr levels might be useful as a diagnostic marker of NHL.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Comparison of tissue integration between polyester and polypropylene prostheses in the preperitoneal space.\n\nTissue integration and implant characteristics of various biomaterials commonly used for inguinal hernia repair have not been studied extensively. The aim of this study is to compare behavior and tissue response between two new polyester prostheses and a commonly used polypropylene (PP) mesh. The polyester prostheses utilized were polyester flat (PF) and polyester soft three-dimensional (PS); the PP mesh utilized was Marlex. Eight randomly assigned 4 x 4-cm2 pieces of two different meshes were fixed in the preperitoneal space with a centrally placed single suture. Gross evaluation included shrinkage and stiffness. Histological evaluation included amount of fibrous and fat encapsulation, connective tissue, foreign-body reaction, neovascularization, hemorrhage, necrosis, and exudate. Evaluations were graded on a zero to four scale. The area and the area ratio were measured using a calibrated micrometer. PP mesh resulted in more fibrous encapsulation and stiffness than PF and PS prostheses. PP also resulted in less connective tissue formation and foreign-body reaction than PF and PS prostheses. There was no difference in fat encapsulation, necrosis, hemorrhage, or exudate between prostheses. Both polyester prostheses (PF and PS) have better tissue integration than the PP mesh, as evidenced by the higher amount of connective tissue and lower extent of fibrous encapsulation.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Cisplatin reduces endothelial cell migration via regulation of type 2-matrix metalloproteinase activity.\n\nAIMS: In this study we investigated the effect of cisplatin on endothelial cell migration, an essential process for vascular remodeling and regeneration in several physiological and pathological situations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with cisplatin and endothelial cell migration analyzed by fluorescence and scratch-wound migration assay. MMP2 and MMP9 activity were determined by zymographic assay, and MAPK activation by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: We demonstrated that cisplatin provoked a time- and dose-dependent decrease of HUVEC migration; this effect was clearly independent from its well known cytotoxic activity. In addition, cisplatin markedly reduced MMP2 activity in both conditioned media and cell lysates, increased p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation, but did not affect ERK phosphorylation. Endothelial cell migration was attenuated by treatment of cells with GM6001, a non-specific inhibitor of MMPs, or by a selective anti-MMP2 antibody. However, treatment of cells with SB202190 or SP600125, inhibitors of p38 MAPK and JNK respectively, did not affect HUVEC migration. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that cisplatin induced a reduction of endothelial cell migration through an inhibition of MMP2 activity by downstream signal transduction pathways independent of JNK and p38 MAPK activation.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Heparin-steroid conjugates: new angiogenesis inhibitors with antitumor activity in mice.\n\nInhibitors of angiogenesis hold potential in the treatment of cancer and other diseases where the disease is caused or maintained by the inappropriate growth of blood vessels. In the present study, a novel inhibitor of angiogenesis was synthesized by covalently linking a nonanticoagulating derivative of heparin, heparin adipic hydrazide (HAH), by an acid-labile bond to the antiangiogenic steroid, cortisol. The rationale was that the heparin derivative, which binds to sulfated polyanion receptors on endothelial cells, should concentrate the steroid on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. Endocytosis of the conjugate and decomposition of the acid-labile linkage inside lysosomes and other acidic intracellular compartments should then lead to release of the cortisol and expression of its antiproliferative activity. Analysis of the stability of HAH-cortisol showed that it was stable at pH 7.4 and broke down rapidly (t1/2 15 min) at pH 4.8 at 37 degrees C. Treatment of murine pulmonary capillary endothelial cells with HAH-cortisol at 10(-5) M (with respect to cortisol) suppressed their DNA synthesis by 50% and inhibited their migration into wounded areas of confluent monolayers. HAH-cortisol at 10(-4) M (with respect to cortisol) did not suppress the DNA synthesis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Daily i.p. injections of HAH-cortisol into mice bearing s.c. sponge implants retarded vascularization of the sponge, and injections directly into the sponge abolished vascularization for as long as the injections were continued. Daily i.v. injections of HAH-cortisol at doses causing no apparent toxicity retarded the growth of solid s.c. Lewis lung carcinomas in mice by up to 65%. In all of these assays, equivalent treatments with a mixture of the HAH plus cortisol was significantly less effective. The antiproliferative effect of HAH-cortisol on endothelial cells appeared independent of the glucocorticoid activity of the steroid since HAH conjugated to 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha,21-triol-20-one, a steroid lacking glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity, was even more effective at inhibiting DNA synthesis by murine pulmonary capillary endothelial cells than was HAH-cortisol. In conclusion, HAH-cortisol represents the prototype of a new class of angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenic diseases.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] }, { "instruction": "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].", "input": "Hypoxic induction of HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines is mediated by stress activated protein kinases.\n\nSolid tumors must establish a blood supply in order to proliferate and grow. Cancer cells secrete soluble factors which can induce proliferation and migration of capillary endothelial cells. Among the most potent of the angiogenic factors is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Increased VEGF expression by malignant tumors has been associated with high vascularity, increased cancer cell growth, and lymph node metastasis. Reduced oxygen tension has been shown to increase VEGF production by induction of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha). The mechanisms by which hypoxic tumor environments induce HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression are largely unknown. Jun N terminal kinase (JNK1) and p38 kinase are activated by a variety of stress stimuli. To determine if hypoxic activation of these stress activated protein kinases regulated HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression, we assayed JNK1 and p38 activity in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines grown under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia rapidly induced both JNK1 and p38 activity in these cells. This activation correlated with induction of HIF-1alpha expression and DNA binding activity which was blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB203580. Hypoxia also increased VEGF production by SCC lines, which was inhibited by treatment with SB203580. Overexpression of JNK1 or p38 was sufficient to induce HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression. These results indicate that induction of SAPKs by hypoxia regulates HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in head and neck carcinoma cell lines.\n", "output": "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]", "history": [ [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nMorphogenesis of embryonic CNS vessels.\n\nThis chapter focuses on the morphology of blood vessel formation in and around the early central nervous system (CNS, i.e., brain and spinal cord) of avian embryos. We discuss cell lineages, proliferation and interactions of endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Due to space limitations, we can not review the molecular control of CNS angiogenesis, but refer the reader to other chapters in this book and to recent publications on the assembly of the vasculature (1,2).\n", "[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]" ], [ "Given a text, identify and extract the epecified types of biomedical events along with their primary arguments. The event type can be [Positive_regulation, Catabolism, Dephosphorylation, Cell_proliferation, Planned_process, Breakdown, Acetylation, Pathway, Protein_processing, Transcription, Localization, DNA_methylation, Binding, Remodeling, Metabolism, Death, Synthesis, Negative_regulation, Ubiquitination, Phosphorylation, Blood_vessel_development, Regulation, Growth, Gene_expression, Development, Translation]. Present each event in the format as follows: [ ].\nRetinal revascularisation in diabetic retinopathy.\n\nThe case history of a 33-year-old diabetic patient who has had diabetes for 24 years is presented. When first seen in 1975 he had bilateral proliferative retinopathy with new vessels in the retinal periphery. He had large areas of capillary non-perfusion lateral to the macula in the right eye associated with the new vessels. Nine years later, after extensive repeated photocoagulation, revascularisation of large areas previously not perfused were seen. The vessels are in the plane of the retina and do not have the appearance of new vessels.\n", "[ ]" ] ] } ]