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I have two applications. Application A performs a transfer to Application B. Application B puts the caller on hold and they are put into a queue. Eventually an agent will take a call from the queue and be conferenced with the caller.
If I do a Consultation Transfer from Application A to Application B, I hear hold music, and then when the caller is put on hold on Application B, the hold music stops and starts again.
I want to have a seamless experience where once the caller is put on hold on Application B, the hold music will play until an agent inevitably is conferenced with the caller.
A work-around that I attempted was instead of doing a consultation call, I enabled the AAEP Outbound Call pluggable data connector, and performed a "LaunchVXML."
When I do that, the Application A gets transferred to Application B, however the human caller gets dropped from that point. I'm not sure if it's actually possible to bring the caller with the transfer using the "LaunchVXML" functionality.
I either need to know if it's possible to transfer a user to Application B using "LaunchVXML," or I need to know if there's a better way to get around the issue that I'm having with the hold music. Any information would be appreciated.
Perhaps using a "VXML Servlet" may be my answer, but I'm not sure what the code within the servlet needs to be. There is a "UserDefinedVXML" example application, but it doesn't actually transfer to another application, it just says "Hello World," which isn't enough information for me to use as an example.
You don't have any control using VXML on this. Putting the call on hold and play music are internal functionality of the telephony system. There isn't any function in VXML to allow you to put the call on hold either.
Hi Wilson - we don't really need to transfer the caller at all. We just want to launch another OD application from the current application. I believe that can be done with a VXML servlet and subdialog. Do you have any examples of one OD app calling another that you can share? Thank you
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A63H13/00—Toy figures with self-moving parts, with or without movement of the toy as a whole28—Arrangements of sound-producing means in dolls; Means in dolls for producing sounds
Abstract
A toy with sound-activated motion is provided The toy comprises a toy body, a single motor within the body, adapted to turn in opposite directions in response to changes in electrical polarity, and control means to automatically reverse the polarity of an electrical current being supplied to the motor in response to an acoustical or electromagnetic input signal The control means is adapted to automatically reverse the polarity in response to a changing acoustical or electromagnetic input signal
Description
TOY WITH SOUND-ACTIVATED MOTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates generally to toys. More particularly, the present invention relates to a toy with sound-activated motion.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In the field of toys, many are familiar with the flowers or dolls which move in one or more ways (such as dancing, shuffling, or other type of movement). The movement can be controlled in any number of ways, such as through the actuation of a button on the toy, through remote control, or in response to a sound such as a voice or a musical tune. In the latter case, the provision of the sound causes the toy to move about from a stationary position, or to be displaced from that position. Typically, such as is the case with the dancing flowers, the sound is picked up by a microphone, located within the apparatus, and passed through an amplifier to create a voltage. The voltage is then used to create movement which causes the flower to move about. Typically, the louder the sound, the greater the voltage and therefore, the greater the movement.
[0003] In these and other toys known in the art, a single motor is used which causes motion in a single direction. The motor typically requires an eccentric axle to generate an off-centre force. For example, US Patent No. 5,056,249 to Sakurai, describes an artificial flower with an angularly movable shaft. In order for the toy to move in multiple directions, multiple motors are required to move different movable components, such as to have the toy move back and forth from foot to foot (i.e, as would be required in a toy with dancing motion, for example). US Patent No. 6,652,353 to Lund et al., describes a toy dog which moves across a surface. The toy has two motors: one to move a set of legs on the left side of the toy, and another motor to move a set of legs on the right side. Other dolls having multiple moving parts are described in US Patent No. 5,628,668 to Takemae, US Patent No. 6,071,170 to How, and US Patent No. 5,147,238 to Kelley et al. In the absence of multiple motors, it has been difficult to generate separately moveable parts of the toy. This is evident in US Patent No. 6,746,301 to Lund. Thus, the two motors have been required to generate an off-centre force to create complex movement.
[0004] Toys which have a wider range of motion are known in the art. US Patent No. 7,115,014 to McGrath discloses a walking toy dog, and US Patent No. 6,758,716 to Rehkemper et al. discloses a dancing toy figure doll. Both of these toys are preferably controlled using a remote control device and include a tethering means connected thereto. Toys of this sort are typically more difficult to maneuver in tight spaces, and can be especially difficult for younger users and those with limited manual dexterity.
[0005] In addition, toys which move in different directions also require separate features or supports to assist the toy in maintaining its balance when each foot is "reset", i.e, returned to a resting position on the surface prior to a subsequent movement by it or another leg or foot. However, this causes the toy to become quite expensive to produce. Furthermore, the balancing features or support may be quite sensitive or delicate which results in the toy being more prone to damage.
[0006] Furthermore, in order to shorten the time between movements of the toy, the motors need to be sped up which can lead to a tipping of the toy since fixed intervals between motor switching increases motor speed which promotes tipping.
[0007] Sound-activated toys are known in the art. US Patent No. 6,652,353 to Lund et al., discloses a sound activated toy comprising sets of legs which rotate in response to a sound stimulus. This toy requires a pair of motors to cause each set of legs to rotate in opposite directions.
[0008] US Patent No. 6,149,491 to Arad discloses a doll having a mechanism which allows displacement of legs frontwardly and a motor connected to a mechanism to drive and displace the legs, arms and head with respect to the body.
[0009] US Patent No. 4,795,395 to Oishi et al. discloses a sound-activated animal motion toy having a motor and multiple movable parts. The toy, however, has limited mobility and requires pushing an operating lever to change the rotation of the motor to enable the toy to move in a reverse direction.
[0010] It is, therefore, desirable to provide a toy with sound-activated motion which only requires a single motor for off-centre movement and automatically moves in alternate directions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate at least one disadvantage of previous toys with sound-activated motion.
[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a toy with sound-activated motion, comprising: a toy body; a motor within the body, adapted to turn in opposite directions in response to changes in electrical polarity; and a control means to automatically reverse the polarity of an electrical current being supplied to the motor in response to an acoustical or electromagnetic input signal.
[0013] Typically, a single motor is used in one or more embodiments of the present invention. The motor is automatically adapted to turn in opposite directions, thereby permitting the toy to move in more than one direction. Advantageously, the toy can move in different directions without the need of a mechanical (i.e., manual) or remote control electrical intervention. A further advantage of the current invention is that there is a significant decrease in overall costs since there is only a single motor located within the toy, combined with the ability to provide movement in multiple directions.
[0014] The control means is typically an integrated circuit chip which provides a digital signal which allows for the synchronization of the movement of the toy with an acoustical or electromagnetic input signal. Thus, the toy is able to move in one or more directions in response to sound, such as human-derived sounds, music, or other acoustical input signals. Advantageously, no amplifier is required. The synchronization of the input signal and the motion of the toy provides a toy which is more realistic in appearance while in motion.
[0015] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the control means is an integrated circuit (IC) chip and/or a transistor. The chip is ideally programmed to provide synchronization between an input signal and the motor and, ultimately, the movement of the toy. The control means provides a digital signal which is determined in response to the input signal. Typically, the integrated circuit chip is programmed to generate an on or off signal at a defined level of the input signal.
[0016] The control means is adapted such that the signal sent from the control means to the motor can be dampened in response to the movement of the toy. In one such embodiment, an interval of current of a first polarity, prior to switching to the reverse polarity, is chosen to promote damping of movement of the toy.
[0017] In particular, the control means is especially suited to be used with a reversible motor, to automatically cause a reverse in the polarity of the motor while the toy is in motion. This feature eliminates the need for an additional external input stimulus (such as a mechanical or remote control electronic means) to cause the toy to move in different directions.
[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the toy is a dancing toy which dances in response to the changing acoustical or electromagnetic signal, such as human voice, music or any other audible input. The input signal can also be a preprogrammed set of movements which do not require any sound input from an external source. The dampening of the signal from the control means to the motor prevents the motor from causing the toy to tip over while in motion. This is particularly advantageous for prolonged entertainment for the user, as the toy will continue to move as long as there is an input signal. Further, preventing tipping of the toy can reduce the risk of damage to the toy from repeated tipping or falling off a table or the like, thus reducing any potential hazards to especially younger users, such as young children.
[0019] In one particular embodiment, the toy comprises one or more moveable parts attached thereto which move in response to the acoustical or electromagnetic input signal. The parts can be synchronized together in concert with the single motor. For example, in a toy animal having a plurality of limbs (eg., arms, legs, head, lips/beak, etc.), the limbs can all move in synchronicity. Further, the control means can be programmed to provide eccentric movement of the limbs, rather than a fixed, monotonous movement. To the user, an exemplary toy having any or all of these features is perceived as being more "life-like" when in motion.
[0020] In a further particular embodiment, the toy is a dancing toy with two moveable parts thereto for resting the toy on a surface. Typically, two moveable parts are feet shaped to increasingly resist tipping away from a resting position in response to a force generated by the motor.
[0021] In a further alternative embodiment, an Thus, an external speaker may be provided to acoustically reproduce the digital input signal.
[0022] The toy may also comprise a preprogrammed set of sounds, such as prerecorded speech or music, which can be played through the actuation of one or more buttons on the toy.
[0023] Other[0024] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein: Fig. 1 shows an exemplary toy in a resting position in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a toy in accordance with the present invention; and Fig. 3 shows the exemplary toy of Fig. 1, moving in response to an external acoustic signal.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Generally, the present invention provides a toy with sound-activated motion. More particularly, the present invention provides a.
[0026] A toy in accordance with the present invention can be any mechanical toy known in the art which has been adapted to move in one or more different positions or directions. These toys can take the shape of traditional mechanical toys known in the art having a variety of moving parts. Suitable toys known in the art can include, but are not limited to, human or humanoid dolls, non-human animals, plants, flowers, or other similar toys representing animate or inanimate objects. More ideally, a suitable toy is one which represents an animal having one or more moveable parts thereon, such as a head, limbs (eg., arms, legs, wings and/or a tail, for example) or other appendages.
[0027] Figure 1 shows one example of a toy in accordance with the present invention. The example shown is a toy shaped as a penguin; however, it should be noted that any suitable toy known in the art could be used. The toy penguin comprises a main body portion 1. The body portion 1 comprises a head portion 92 having eyes 90a and 90b, as well as beak portions 88 and 89. Wings 84a and 84b, and feet 86a and 86b, extend from the main body portion 1. The toy illustrated in Fig. 1 is shown in a resting position, which can be on a generally flat surface.
[0028] The toy in accordance with the present invention can be of any suitable, durable material. It is conceived that the toy could be covered or decorated with materials such as fur, paint, decals, or other appropriate decorative materials to enhance the visual appearance of the toy. The exemplary penguin toy shown in Fig. 1 can be covered with such materials. Ideally, the materials should be appropriate for handling by a younger-aged user to prevent injury. Also, materials are typically selected to offer adequate protection for protecting the main body portion and any electrical and/or mechanical components therein, from damage.
[0029] In one embodiment, the toy may include large feet to assist in the balancing of the toy when in the standing position. The shape and size of the feet may also be shaped to create an increasing resistance to tilting. Thus, the feet function as cams to increasingly resist further motion in response to a constant force to prevent the toy from tipping over.
[0030] Turning to Figure 2, an exploded view of a toy in accordance with one embodiment of the invention is shown. In the example shown, the toy 10 comprises a head portion 12, a front body portion 14, a rear body portion 16, a right hand portion 18, a left hand portion 20, a right leg portion 22 and a left leg portion 24.
[0031] The right hand portion 18 is connected to a right upper arm portion 26 and a right lower arm portion 28 via arm holder 4 while the left hand portion 20 is connected to a left upper arm portion 30 and a left lower arm portion 32 via left arm motion cam 6. Axles 7 and 8 can be provided in the hand portions. Certainly, any suitable hand or hand-like portions, which may or may not be comprised of multiple components, can be used in connection with the motion cam and, eventually, the motor.
[0032] In the embodiment shown, the arm portions are different. If desired, the arms can perform different functions depending on the shape and appearance of toy. For example, one hand can be waving, using a tool, or performing a simulated task, while the other hand remains stationary. However, it would be understood that any combination of similar or different arm portions or other appendages may be contemplated.
[0033] The right leg portion 22 and the left leg portion 24 are connected via a compound gear 34 and an axle 36 and also by a square axle 38 between a right leg motion cam 40 and a left leg motion cam 42. The square axle 38 fits within corresponding slots 44 in the one end of the motion cams 40 and 42. The second end of the each of the motion cams 40 and 42 mate with a corresponding slot 46 in the right and left leg portions 22 and 24. The connection between the hand portions and leg portions with the motor can be any conceivable distance to allow movement of the various portions. For a toy intended to resemble an animal, for example, the various limbs can be positioned and attached to the motor in more anatomically-correct locations on the main body portion 1 as shown in Fig. 1.
[0034] The rear body portion 16 is connected via an electrical wire 48 to a printed circuit board (PCB) 50 containing a plurality of integrated circuit chips 51 which serve as a control means for controlling operation and movement of the toy 10. An external speaker 52 is located with the PCB 50 within a box having a cover 54 and a box bottom 56. The box bottom 56 includes a location whereby batteries may be inserted and then covered by a battery box cover 58. An audio jack 60 is also located within the rear body portion 16; however, an audio jack can be placed at any other suitable location on the toy. The audio jack 60 typically receives a connector, such as from a musical player, including an MP3 player, portable CD player 61 or the like. A microphone 63 is also located within the doll 10. The microphone 63 receives external audio input not typically transmitted through the audio jack. The external audio can include any external sound such as, but not limited to, human voice or music emanating from a musical player speaker, for example. Although shown as being powered by a set of batteries, other means for powering the toy 10 are contemplated.
[0035] The head portion 12 is connected via a neck plug 62 to an axle 64 which is further housed within a pinion gear 66. The pinion gear 66 rests atop a motor 68 which has a worm gear 70 attached at a bottom end. The worm gear 70 is in contact with the compound gear 34. A connection with axle 13, crown gear 14 and pinion gear 11 may also be used.
[0036] Prior to use, power is required to be provided for operation of the toy 10. In the current embodiment, a battery is inserted into the battery slot, defined by the box bottom 56 and battery cover 58, although other means of providing power, such as via an adapter for example, are contemplated.
[0037] In operation, when the toy is powered up, or turned on, the toy 10 remains in a stationary, or resting, position (such as shown in Figure 1) with both legs balanced and supported on the top of a surface. Current from the battery is transmitted and flows through the components in the toy to power up the components such as the audio jack 60, the PCB 50 and the motor 68.
[0038] Once the audio jack 60 receives an input signal from a musical player, or the microphone senses an external sound, such as music or a voice, the integrated printed circuit board, or PCB, 50 receives the sound signal and processes the analog signal to generate a digital signal representative of the sound signal. For instance, if the sound signal has between 80 to 90% noise, a digital signal of 1 is created, otherwise, a digital signal of 0 is created.
[0039] After the digital signal is created, the PCB 50 determines whether or not to reverse the direction of the motor 68 (based on the digital signal) in order to change the direction of movement of the toy 10. If a signal of 1 is created, the PCB 50 transmits a control signal to the motor, instructing the motor to reverse its direction thereby to create a resistance force which causes the toy to move in a new direction. If the toy is in a stationary position (such as its initial position), the generation of a signal of 1 causes the toy to move in a predetermined direction. For example, toy may respond by lifting up one of its legs. Otherwise, if the toy is already in motion, for example, the toy 10 may be already lifting up its right leg 22 via the right leg motion cam 40, the generation of the 1 signal causes the direction of the motor to be reversed with the resultant resistance force capable of causing the right leg to return to the surface and the left leg to lift up.
[0040] Typically, the motor is timed to run for an amount of time to generate a force to tip the toy without causing the toy to roll over. If the sound stimulus stops, the toy simply rocks back to a resting position.
[0041] The direction of the single motor is controlled by reversing the polarity of the current or voltage being supplied to the motor causing the motor to operate and rotate in opposite directions. The PCB 50 may be used to shorten motor intervals nearly infinitely without increasing the motor speed.
[0042] The ability to control interval durations allows for precise motion control and therefore reduces or eliminates the risk of tipping inherent in prior art sound-activated toys when motor speed is increased. The constant reversing of the motor also allows for a motion to be imparted to the toy as the motor is continuously reversing causing the legs (and/or other limbs or appendages, for example) to be similarly moved. In fact, if the polarity is reversed while the toy is still moving in response to the current of the first polarity, motion of the toy will be damped. This prevents overly abrupt changes in toy direction and may assist in preventing the toy from tipping over despite a vigorous initial movement.
[0043] Thus, the automatic reversibility of the single motor in the toy of the present invention is particularly advantageous to the user for providing a range of movements. The toy of the present invention can move merely by sound activation. However, it would be conceivable that in other embodiments of the toy, the polarity of the motor could be controlled by manual switches. Furthermore, the voltage may be controlled to generate different motor speeds to accelerate or decelerate the movement of the legs, or other appendages of the toy.
[0044] Ideally, if one or more movable appendages (such as limbs, lips, eyes, or head, for example) are included in the sound-activated toy of the present invention, the sound activation can cause any or all of the appendages to move together in synchronicity with each other. In other words, the appendages can be linked to the single, reversible motor in accordance with the exemplary arrangement shown in Fig. 2. Thus, sound activation of the speaker can cause any or all of the movable appendages to move in response to an input signal. Further, the control means can be programmed in any number of ways as desired, such that the movement of the appendages is synchronized with a particular input signal. For example, if the sound input signal comprises a change in the rhythm pattern (e.g., change in the style, beat or tempo of the music, etc.), the control means can be programmed such that the response by the motor and movable elements attached thereto is also changed in synch. Such an arrangement can provide a more realistic response by the toy to the input signal.
[0045] Figure 3 illustrates the toy of Fig. 1, moving in response to an input signal. An acoustic signal from speaker 80 is sent to microphone 82 on the main body portion 1 of the toy. When the toy is in operation, the acoustic (sound) input signal activates a control means connected thereto and typically on the inside of main body portion 1. The control means activates a motor which in turn actuates one or more axles connected thereto for moving the various limbs of the toy.
[0046] In the example shown, when microphone 82 detects a sufficient quantity of sound, movement is caused in wings 84a and 84b, head portion 92, beak portions 88 and 89, eyes 90a and 90b, and feet 86a and 86b. For example, typical movement can include flapping of wings, bobbing of the head from side to side, eye movement from side to side, an up and down motion of the beak portions, and an up and down motion of the feet. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the toy appears to be dancing in response to music. It will be appreciated that any number of additional or fewer moveable parts can be incorporated into the toy. Further, the toy may be programmed to move any or all of its moveable parts, or produce a pre-recorded sound, simply by turning on the toy. Switching from a pre-programmed set of movements or sounds may involve switching or pushing a button on the toy to activate a different mode.
[0047] In another possible embodiment, the effect of gravity and presence of a pivot point for the toy allows motion to be created and not controlled by the motor such that the arms may wave or the head may move depending on the angle and speed of motion of the toy.
[0048] In a further alternative embodiment, a
[0049] The above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended to be examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (15)
1. A.
2. The toy of claim 1 wherein the control means comprises an integrated circuit chip.
3. The toy of claim 2 wherein the integrated circuit chip is programmed to generate an on or off signal at a defined level of the input signal.
4. The toy of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the toy comprises one or more moveable parts attached thereto which move in response to the acoustical or electromagnetic input signal.
5. The toy of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the toy comprises two moveable parts attached thereto for resting the toy on a surface.
6. The toy of claim 5, wherein the two moveable parts are feet shaped to increasingly resist tipping away from a resting position in response to a force generated by the motor.
7. The toy of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the input signal is a digital signal.
8. The toy of claim 7, wherein the toy further comprises an external speaker to acoustically reproduce the digital input signal.
9. The toy of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the input signal is derived from an electrical input means.
10. The toy of claim 9, wherein the electrical input means is an electrical music player.
11. A toy with sound-activated motion comprising: a toy body; a single motor within the body, adapted to turn in opposite directions in response to changes in electrical polarity;; one or more moveable parts attached to the toy body, wherein said moveable parts are moved by the motor in response to the acoustical or electromagnetic input signal; an input device attached to the toy for receiving the acoustical or electromagnetic input signal and activating the control means; and an output device for broadcasting sound from the toy.
12. The toy of claim 11, wherein the input device is a microphone or an electronic input means.
13. The toy of claim 12, wherein the electronic input means is a compact disc or MP3 music player.
14. The toy of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the output device is a speaker.
15. The toy of any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the sound broadcast from the toy is derived from the control means or from the acoustical or electromagnetic input signal.
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Yes, my drivers side view is similar, though the yellowing isn't as pronounced as in your case. My mother's Lexus is doing it as well, I'm pretty sure it has something to do with the auto-dimming on the mirrors, something (be it time or otherwise) causes them to de-laminate and turn that soft gold color. Mine is "just" a slight golden shade on the bottom half-inch of the mirror or so, it hasn't spread a noticeable amount in the last 6 months or so, so i'm probably just going to leave it be. Bigger fish to fry, and i'm not sure if it would be covered under CPO.
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(LOS ANGELES, Jan. 18, 2007) – Winter driving conditions are tough on motorists and vehicles. To help drivers make it through cold conditions, the Automobile Club of Southern California advises motorists to take extra precautions and make sure their vehicles are prepared for cold weather.
"Crash risk usually increases during the winter months in locations where cold weather creates hazardous driving conditions," said Richard Kretsch, the Auto Club's Automotive Services Group Manager. "Motorists can be safer if they observe and practice cold-weather driving and car care tips."
Charge! – Cold weather is tough on batteries. At zero degrees Fahrenheit, a car's battery loses about 60 percent of its strength. At a mild 32 degrees Fahrenheit, a battery is 35 percent weaker. Keeping battery terminals clean helps, but a load test performed by a qualified automotive technician will help determine whether a car's battery is strong enough for winter starts.
Get a Grip – Make sure your car is equipped with tires that are able to handle your region's winter weather. Check the tire tread. Good tread allows water to escape from under the tires and increases traction. Keep tires at proper pressure. A chart with the manufacturer's recommended inflation pressure can be found on the driver side door jamb, inside the glove box, or on the fuel filler flap. For most motorists, all-season tires are adequate. In northern or mountainous regions, switching to snow tires may be needed. Motorists also should observe storm watch advisories that urge the use of snow chains or they may risk being turned around by law enforcement, getting stuck in the snow, or even in a major crash.
See and Be Seen – Danger must be visible to be avoided. Driving with a snow-covered windshield, windows, side-view mirrors or lights invites a crash. Clear windows, mirrors and lights with an ice scraper, brush or spray de-icer. Make certain windshield wipers and defrosters are in good working order and the window washer reservoirs are filled with no-freeze windshield washer fluid. To make sure your vehicle is seen by other drivers, be sure to use your headlights, but not your bright headlights, unless absolutely necessary.
Keep Your Engine Cool – Make certain cooling system anti-freeze is mixed with an equal portion of water for maximum protection.
Key Solution – Frozen door locks can be overcome by carefully heating the end of a key with a match or lighter. A squirt of de-icer spray is another quick method.
Slippery When Wet – In temperatures at or just above 32 degrees, a thin layer of water can cover the ice, causing extremely slippery conditions. The distance needed to stop on ice at 32 degrees is twice as long as at zero degrees. Slow down and use extra caution when passing other vehicles.
Steer Clear – Steering is preferred to braking at speeds above 25 mph because less distance is required to steer around an object than to brake to a stop. Sudden braking often leads to skids. Increase following distance. The extra distance provides a buffer in case of skids.
Air it Out – Don't let frigid temperatures tempt you into starting your car in a closed garage or idling your engine for long periods with the windows closed. Carbon monoxide, present in exhaust fumes, is almost impossible to detect and can be fatal when breathed in a confined area.
Finish Up – Road salt, slush and grime are especially hard on a car's finish. To help prevent rust and paint damage, keep cars washed and waxed. A full or self-service car wash makes the job easier when temperatures are low
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Menu
mulberry Some Helpful Resolutions For T
Across the country plastic bag bans are gaining attention from the media and consumers alike. So far multiple US cities have adopted said bans such as Telluride, CO, San Jose, CA, and Westport, CT. While cities are taking measures into their own hands, state legislatures are also starting to hear plastic bag ban bills during this congressional session. States such as Washington, Indiana, Oregon and Massachusetts are trying to pass legislation on this popular issue, simply because there are many reasons to do so.
Over 100 billion plastic single use grocery bags are used in the US in a single year and it takes approximately 12 million barrels of oil to produce this quantity. Americans only recycle 0.6 percent of the aforementioned 100 billion plastic bags. These petroleum based bags never fully degrade, taking up space in our landfills, and destroying our ecosystems. In marine habitats, such as the ocean, plastic bags break up into smaller and smaller pieces, until they reach what is known as "plastic dust." This plastic dust, which contains toxic chemicals, is ingested by marine wildlife causing health problems. These toxins are then passed along the food chain from fish to humans.
Though plastic bags may be recycled, keeping them out of our landfills and ecosystems, this is not an ideal solution. Processing used plastic can be more costly than producing virgin plastic. According to the Berkeley Plastics Task Force, plastic recycling programs may instill a misleading perception of the benefits of recycling. Finding a market for used plastic is difficult because the manufacturers of virgin plastic firmly resist legislation requiring recycled content in their packaging products. Less costly virgin resin is flooding the market, hindering the efforts of recyclers.
So you may say to yourself, well if I just switch to paper bags at check out and I will avoid the woes of plastic. True, but did you know that it takes 5 times as much energy to produce paper as opposed to plastic bags? It also takes nine times as much energy to recycle paper than plastic! Pollution is also a concern for paper bag production. It takes 95% more water to produce paper bags and adds 50 times more water pollutants to our waterways each year. The toxicity of the chemicals used to make paper is long term and also works its way through the food chain.
The best solution for shopping bags is cloth, according to recycling directors. There are as many varieties of bags out there as there are personalities practically. From cotton or sustainable plant fibers, such as jute or hemp, to materials made from recycled plastic bottles. Which is best? Here are some pros and cons of each material.
Cotton bags can be broken into several categories cotton, organic cotton, and cotton canvas. In general, all types of cotton totes are light weight, easy to find, use less energy to manufacture, produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and use less potable water over t mulberry mulberry ong>he lifetime of these bags when compared to single use grocery bags.
An average sized cotton, organic cotton, or recycled cotton tote can generally hold about 10 pounds of goods. A cotton canvas tote, while pricier, is more durable, can stand up on its own, and can hold up to around 45 pounds. Organic cotton is best because it eradicates the use of pesticides, keeping waterways toxin free. Plus, you can avoid the landfill altogether by throwing it in the backyard compost pile at the end of its life.
Other sustainable fibers including hemp and jute are a great option for your reusable bag. Both hemp and jute are fast growing, low impact plants, meaning they don't require the use of fertilizers, pesticides or as much water as cotton. Hemp is also three times stronger than cotton. An average hemp or jute bag can reasonably hold 60 pounds, just be careful when packing up the bag at checkout don't hurt yourself! Again, at the end of its lifecycle these fibers can be composted.
There are a ton of polypropylene bags on the market today. The downside of polypropylene is that it is made from petroleum; the upside these bags can be recycled. Additionally, there are a growing number of these bags on the market that are composed, at least partially, of recycled plastic bottles, known as rePET or repreve fabric. The benefits of high quality polypropylene bags are that they can hold up to 44 pounds, are easy to clean just give them a wipe down, and can be folded, rolled or stuffed into very small sizes. They are small enough to fit in your purse or glove compartment so that you don't forget to ta mulberry ke them with you.
Remember also to eliminate your single use plastic produce bags! There are many styl mulberry es and sizes of cloth produce bags on the market now, perfect for fruits, veggies, and grains from the bulk section.
The best way to begin switching over from disposable bags to cloth is one step at a time. Reuse the plastic bags you have as much as you can before recycling them or using them for the last time, such as cleaning up after your pet. Once you're ready to take the plunge into the wonderful world of reusable bags, remember: cloth bags can be used thousands of times, making up for the initial $10 you spent to purchase them. Nubius Organics is a green online web store offering a wide selection of eco friendly reusable products including Reusable Lunch Bags and no waste lunch kits.
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How Did The Mayans Build Their Temples And Pyramids?
To date, Archaeologists have not determined exactly how the Mayans built their palaces, temples or pyramidal structures. They do have some theories and some day they might know for certain how the Mayans built these. Presently however, this remains a Mayan mystery.
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To build a Maya pyramid or other large structure was no easy task. It required a very large work force. Pulleys and wheels were, in all likelihood, not used, for the simple reason that they had not been invented, at least in the Maya neck of the world. The ancient Maya civilization was advanced enough to have a written language, yes, but no wheel.
Maya buildings were typically made from limestone, which was hauled to the building sites from local quarries. While in its bed limestone was soft enough to be chipped at even by stone tools. It was only when it was brought out and left in the sun that it hardened.
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worldwide are at risk due to climate change. Coral bleaching is becoming increasingly common and corals that survive bleaching events can suffer from temporary reproductive failure for several years. While water temperature is a key driver in causing coral bleaching, other environmental factors are involved, such as solar radiation. We investigated the individual and combined effects of temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the spawning patterns and reproductive physiology of the Hawaiian mushroom coral Lobactis scutaria, using long-term experiments in aquaria. We examined effects on spawning timing, fertilisation success, and gamete physiology. Both warmer temperatures and filtering UVR altered the timing of spawning. Warmer temperatures caused a drop in fertilisation success. Warmer temperatures and higher PAR both negatively affected sperm and egg physiology. These results are concerning for the mushroom coral L. scutaria and similar reproductive data are urgently needed to predict future reproductive trends in other species. Nonetheless, thermal stress from global climate change will need to be adequately addressed to ensure the survival of reef-building corals in their natural environment throughout the next century and beyond. Until then, reproduction is likely to be increasingly impaired in a growing number of coral species.
Introduction
Global climate change has pressed coral reefs around the world into an era of challenge and uncertainty. Coral reefs are among the oldest ecosystems on earth but are also some of the most vulnerable to climate change. They are habitats for a quarter of all marine life, they protect our coastlines and homes, and they feed over one seventh of the Earth's human population1,2. However, they live at the upper limit of their thermal threshold, making them sensitive to even minimal increases in ocean temperatures3. Summer temperature anomalies in the last decades have regularly disrupted the fragile symbiosis between corals and their algal symbionts4,5, causing coral bleaching, with recurrent and stronger bleaching events expected in the coming decades. Climate change is altering coral reefs around the world, affecting the distribution, abundance and biodiversity of coral reef–associated organisms6. In order for corals to survive through the next decades, they must adapt their physiology and metabolism to new ocean circulation patterns, nutrient inputs, and oxygen contents, higher water temperatures, and lower pH7. Acclimation to environmental change can occur to some extent via phenotypic plasticity, but lasting, genetic adaptation can come about largely by way of sexual reproduction and natural or selective breeding8,9,10.
Today, most reefs have experienced some degree of bleaching due to climate change11,12 and global restoration efforts strive to protect surviving reefs and restore damaged ones13,14,15,16,17. During bleaching, the coral hosts are deprived of their nutrient-providing algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) and slowly starve. If the surrounding environment returns to favourable conditions and the algal symbiont communities repopulate their hosts in time, the corals can recover. However, their overall fitness remains affected, with potentially detrimental long-term impacts. Typically, during coral bleaching, algal symbiont density and chlorophyll concentration are greatly decreased, leading to a drop in symbiont photosynthesis, decreased coral respiration and calcification, and a decline in coral lipids, carbohydrates, protein, and tissue biomass18,19,20,21,22. While metabolic processes such as algal symbiont photosynthesis and coral respiration can return to their pre-bleaching levels within 1–3 months once the source of bleaching is removed, in some species, energy reserves such as carbohydrates and proteins may require up to a year to recover21,23. Without the necessary energy reserves during the 6 to 11-month gametogenesis cycle observed in most scleractinian coral species24,25,26, coral reproduction can remain disturbed for a prolonged period. For example, gamete development can fail to complete19,27,28,29, fewer polyps may be fertile within a colony30,31, polyps may produce fewer gametes19,29,30,31,32, fertilisation success may decline33,34, or larval development may be abnormal34,35. In some cases, coral reproduction has required 4–5 years to recover and return to pre-bleaching levels19,29.
Coral bleaching is a clear visual indicator of major environmental stress, but the absence of bleaching does not necessarily preclude stress. Indeed, lower levels of stress can negatively impact the health of corals without showing bleaching. Corals exposed to thermal stress below bleaching thresholds showed changes in the expression of possible stress indicator genes36,37, reduction in skeletal growth and impaired recovery from injuries38, damage to the morphology and physiology of the coral's algal symbionts39, and a shift in the relation between the coral host and its symbionts, at the cost of the coral host's health40.
While thermal stress is viewed as the main cause of coral bleaching, other environmental factors can be involved as well; notably, solar radiation, both in the visible and the ultraviolet wavelengths, can significantly influence the severity of thermally induced coral bleaching41,42. Solar radiation in the visible range (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR: 400–700 nm) is vital to photosynthetic organisms such as the algal symbionts that live within the tissue of reef-building corals; but at levels beyond the organism's thresholds, the photosystem saturates, and harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released, damaging the photosynthetic apparatus43,44,45. When both temperature and PAR light stress are present, two different pathways of cellular damage to the coral symbionts may interact, increasing the likelihood of a breakdown in the coral–symbiont symbiosis (i.e., coral bleaching) and the degree of that breakdown46,47,48. Solar radiation in the ultraviolet range (ultraviolet radiation, UVR: 280–400 nm) is understood to be detrimental to corals, with effects that include DNA damage, diminished metabolism, bleaching, mortality, and oxidative stress49. The cellular physiology and pathways involved during UVR-related stress alone are not fully understood but experiments that manipulated UVR alone revealed rapid lethal effects of full UVR exposure in the worst cases, and reduced growth and calcification in the best cases50,51. However, it has also been found that many corals that naturally develop in higher UVR conditions develop UVR-protective compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which they can transfer to their eggs, yielding larval survival in higher UVR conditions52,53. Nonetheless, when both temperature and UVR stress are present, effects can be additive, causing a stronger response than would be expected by each stressor alone54,55.
In the central Pacific archipelago of Hawaiʻi, two major bleaching events occurred in the summers of 2014 and 2015, resulting in widespread mortality across coral assemblages56,57. In Kāneʻohe Bay, on the island of Oʻahu, bleaching was extensive but survival rates were high58. Nevertheless, reproductive physiology work conducted in Kāneʻohe Bay before, during and after the bleaching events, revealed that sperm motility in at least two coral species dropped nearly by half following the first bleaching event34 and remained depressed for the following four years34,52. This suggests that the environmental stress that led to extensive coral bleaching in 2014 and 2015 may have caused long-term physiological damage, or perhaps some environmental stress remained, although at sub-bleaching levels.
Here, we investigate the impacts of thermal and solar radiation stress on the biology of yearly coral reproductive events in an experimental system. Specifically, we examine both the individual and combined effects of temperature, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in altering reproductive characteristics in the Hawaiian mushroom coral Lobactis scutaria, a sequential hermaphroditic species that spawns in the late afternoon, in the days following the full moon, during the Hawaiian summer34,59. Environmental factors such as temperature and light are generally interconnected on the reef, and it can be challenging to distinguish the different effects from each other. Therefore, we conducted these experiments in large flow-through aquaria and controlled the temperature, UVR, and PAR levels for 9 months prior to spawning, covering the entire gametogenesis cycle60 and presumably altering the early reproductive characteristics of the coral. We report effects on the timing of spawning at the month, day, and time-of-day levels. We report fertilisation success, sperm characteristics such as motility, duration of motility, and early apoptotic signals, and egg volume. Finally, we report changes in coral pigmentation that would indicate early stress levels on the coral holobiont, as well as changes in coral growth throughout the experiment.
Methods
Coral collection and husbandry
All experiments were conducted on the scleractinian coral Lobactis scutaria, a sequential hermaphroditic, free-living solitary coral from the family Fungiidae, commonly found in Kāneʻohe Bay, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi59,61. Spawning dates of L. scutaria in the region are highly reliable with spawning occurring monthly from June to September, 1–4 days after the full moon, in the late afternoon between 17:00 and 19:0034,59,62. Two hundred L. scutaria individuals were collected on snorkel in Kāneʻohe Bay, Hawaiʻi, in 2015 and 2017 (2015: n = 40; 2017: n = 160), from a depth of 1–5 m, under permits to the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology # SAP 2015-17, SAP 2016-69, and SAP 2018-03, from the State of Hawaiʻi Department of Land & Natural Resources. The individuals were tagged and kept in captivity in lightly shaded flow-through outdoor aquaria at the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology on Moku o Loʻe. All aquaria, before and during the experiment, contained yellow tangs (Zebrasoma flavescens) and threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga) to control algae levels and to prevent pest outbreaks. Their diet was supplemented with nori seaweed and brine shrimp three times a week. Grazing fish were maintained under the supervision of the University of Hawaiʻi Office of Research Compliance with the Animal Care and Use Committee protocol # 14-1884-3.
Experimental setup
In late December 2017, prior to the onset of the 9-month-long gametogenesis cycle in L. scutaria60, all individuals were randomly assigned to one of eight treatment groups with 25 individual mushroom corals in each treatment (Fig. 1). We ensured that there was no difference in average weight and in average colour brightness among the treatment groups prior to starting the experiment (buoyant weight, one-way ANOVA, p > 0.05; colour brightness, one-way ANOVA, p > 0.05). The experimental factors were temperature (2 levels: historical or modern, with modern temperature set ~ 2 °C higher than historical temperature in the summer months only, from mid-May to September), ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (2 levels: ambient or 98% filtered), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (2 levels: high (~ 5% shaded) or low (~ 35% shaded)). The eight treatments were spread into four large 850-L outdoor tanks, with each tank containing two PAR levels. Within a tank, the two groups under different PAR treatments were separated by a 20-cm gap, to account for solar movement and ensure that all corals remained in their PAR treatment at any given time of day. All tanks were supplied by a continuous flow of ambient, warmed or chilled sand-filtered seawater, and were exposed to natural levels of sunshine and moonlight minus the UVR and PAR experimental filtering used in this experiment. Water temperature was not adjusted from December to mid-May, after which it was either warmed or chilled until October. Throughout the experiment, the temperature and the PAR levels were monitored on a bi-weekly basis to verify that the two levels of both factors were constant in each experimental treatment.
Figure 1
Summary of experimental conditions and number of L. scutaria individuals per treatment. Two hundred individuals were divided into eight treatments, each exposed to one of two levels of temperature, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The high temperature regimen aims to follow modern temperature records from 2014 to 2019 (includes two bleaching events) and the low temperature regimen aims to follow historical temperatures from 2008–2013. Filtered UVR is 98% filtered. High PAR is 5% shaded and low PAR is 35% shaded.
Seawater temperatures in the Hawaiian Islands have gradually been increasing in the past decades56,63,64,65,66 and in Kāneʻohe Bay, since the 2014 and 2015 bleaching events, they have remained higher than usual67. Therefore, we aimed for our two temperature treatments to follow historical (lower) and modern (higher) temperature trends. The temperature treatments were initiated in mid-May, after which the higher temperature was set ~ 2 °C warmer than the lower temperature. To visualise the overall temperature curves, we plotted our experimental temperature data against two sets of water temperature records from Kāneʻohe Bay: 2008–2013 (no bleaching reported in this period) and 2014–2019 (coral bleaching reported in 2014 and 2015) (Fig. 2a). These temperature records were retrieved from an automated weather station located on Moku o Lo'e at the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) ( which collects hourly temperature data at 1 m depth. Experimental water temperatures were controlled by a chilled water system and aquarium heaters when needed, and were monitored throughout the experiments with temperature loggers collecting hourly data (Onset, HOBO). A daily average was extracted for all temperature data and the maxima and minima temperatures of each 5-year range of temperature data were used to visualise the temperature range during each period, in comparison with our treatment temperatures.
Figure 2
(a) Seawater temperatures in the high and low temperature treatments (solid lines) approximately following modern temperature records (2014–2019, includes two bleaching events) and historical temperature records (2008–2013) from the Moku o Loʻe weather station (lighter coloured ranges). (b) Ultraviolet ranges in the ambient UVR and 98% blocked UVR treatments visualised here for the month of June 2018, based on records from the Moku o Loʻe weather station. (c) Photosynthetically active radiation measurements for the month of June 2018 in the high and low PAR treatments (solid boxes), representing 5% and 35% shading of ambient PAR levels, respectively. Upper line (in grey) represents ambient PAR levels recorded at the Moku o Loʻe weather station. The light orange and light yellow lines are calculated as 5% and 35% less than ambient levels, matching the shading levels in our PAR treatments.
UVR can cause substantial damage to corals49,54 and therefore we wanted to test whether blocking UV radiation could prevent damage to the corals' reproductive physiology. Half of the treatments were exposed to ambient UVR conditions and UVR was reduced by 98% in the other half, using ultraviolet-blocking acrylic sheets (MinPlastics, Honolulu, OP-3 acrylic sheet: blocks ~ 98% UVR at 200–400 nm with partial irradiance (~ 50%) blocked in the visible range at 400–430 nm; Supplementary Fig. S1). To visualise the UVR ranges for both treatments, UVR data were retrieved for the month of June 2018 from HIMB's weather station ( matching UVR conditions for the ambient UVR treatment, and for the UVR-shielded treatment UVR data were calculated as 2% of the ambient treatment (Fig. 2b).
PAR is a vital environmental input for corals that associate with photosynthetic organisms, as is true of most reef-building corals; but in excess it can cause damage to the algal symbionts' photosystem apparatus and precipitate coral bleaching68,69,70,71,72,73. The two chosen PAR levels in the PAR treatments represented reductions from natural surface conditions (high PAR: ~ 5% PAR reduction, and low PAR: ~ 35% PAR reduction, determined with an underwater quantum flux reader, model MQ-210, Apogee) and corresponding to conditions encountered on shallow reef flats/edges (~ 0.1–1 m) and shallow reef slopes (~ 2–3 m), respectively. PAR data records were retrieved for the month of June 2018 from HIMB's weather station ( and plotted against our bi-weekly PAR measurements to visualise the PAR ranges for both PAR treatments (Fig. 2c).
Spawning timing and gamete collection
On the expected days of spawning (1–4 days after the full moons of June, July, and August), all 200 coral individuals were placed in individual 3-L containers at 15:45, shortly before the expected time of spawning, so that gametes could be collected for each individual. All coral individuals were closely monitored for spawning until 19:30, and those that spawned were recorded and their gametes were collected. Sperm was collected by transfer pipette immediately upon release from the mouths of the individual males and sperm samples that were sufficiently abundant (at least 5 ml at a concentration of 107 sperm cells per ml) were used for sperm physiology analyses. Eggs were left to settle in the bottom of the containers and were collected about one hour after release. Sperm physiology and fertilisation experiments were run during the month of August only and egg physiology was run in June, July, and August.
Spawning synchrony
Spawning synchrony was assessed for each treatment using the Marquis synchrony index adapted for coral reproduction74,75. The synchrony index, here calculated at the daily level, takes into account the proportion of corals spawning on each day that spawning was monitored.
where t is the day of spawning monitoring, n is the number of days monitored, dt is the number of corals spawning on day t, pt is the proportion of corals that spawned on day t, and \(\sum_{t=1}^{t=n}{d}_{t}\) is the total cumulative number of corals that spawned during the period studied. The Marquis index of synchrony ranges from 0 (spawning spread evenly across the spawning days) to 1 (all corals spawned synchronously on the same days) and can tolerate some missed days of spawning activity, as long as these days only involve a low number of individuals and the peak of spawning (≥ 50% cumulative spawning) has been captured in each month75. Given that the spawning synchrony index is focused on the proportion of corals spawning each day, no attempt was made to compensate for corals that spawned more than once during the spawning period.
Fertilisation success
Spawned eggs and sperm from each treatment were used in fertilisation experiments to assess the effects of temperature, UVR, and PAR on fertilisation success. In fertilisation experiments, eggs from 4 to 10 female fungiids per treatment were fertilised by a sperm pool of 1–6 male fungiids (number dependent on availability each night) from the same treatments following Hagedorn and co-authors76. Thirty to 150 eggs from each female were placed in individual scintillation vials containing 5 ml filtered seawater (FSW) and sperm from the sperm pool of their treatment was added (final sperm concentration: 1 × 106 cells/ml). After an hour incubation period to allow for fertilisation to occur, the number of eggs was counted under a dissecting microscope to determine the total number of eggs in each vial and the egg–sperm bath was diluted threefold. Fertilisation success was assessed ~ 12 h later by counting the fertilised eggs under a dissecting microscope. Unfertilised eggs had dissociated by that time. Each fertilisation trial was paired with a control that was run similarly to the fertilisation trial but without sperm, to monitor for accidental fertilisation.
Sperm physiology
Sperm motility was assessed within five minutes after being collected, using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA; Hamilton Thorne, Ceros II System, Olympus BX41 with a 10× objective and green filter) system, following Zuchowicz and co-authors77. Motile sperm was differentiated from non-motile sperm using a movement threshold of 0.8, with sperm heads moving > 80% of their head diameter characterised as motile. For each sperm sample, a minimum of five video fields and 200 sperm cells were captured to determine total sperm motility. Sperm motility is often driven by sperm mitochondrial membrane potential78 and therefore, to test whether this was the case here, a portion of the sperm was then tested for its mitochondrial function using a JC-1 stain assay (Accuri JC-1 Mitochondrial Potential Assay Kit KR310) and a flow cytometer (BD Accuri C6 Plus Flow Cytometer).
Egg physiology
The collected eggs were brought to the laboratory and imaged with a Science Supply camera mounted on an Olympus BX41 microscope using a 20× objective and a 0.5× C mount. One to 28 eggs were imaged from each individual. The images were analysed with ImageJ software (U.S. National Institutes of Health, version 1.52 g) to obtain visible egg surface area, using the "Analyse particles" tool. The egg surface area was converted to egg volume, assuming sphericity. Egg volume followed a bimodal distribution due to the presence, in some corals, of very small eggs (Supplementary Fig. S2). A lower volume threshold was therefore set at 0.0007 mm3 to remove the smaller egg population from the analysis. Statistical analyses were therefore run only on the larger egg population (0.0007–0.0030 mm3, with 1–25 imaged eggs per individual, Supplementary Fig. S3), and the egg volume averaged per individual.
Coral growth
To examine differences in coral growth throughout the experiment, buoyant weight measurements79 were taken at the beginning of the experiment (December 2017) and again at the end of the experiment (September 2018). Buoyant weights were converted to dry weights following Jokiel and co-authors79. The difference in dry weights was calculated for each coral and divided by the total number of days to find the average growth per day.
Bleaching/paling response
While our experimental design was not aimed at causing a full bleaching response in our corals, we expected the high temperature, high UVR and high PAR treatments to cause sufficient stress to induce some loss in symbionts, resulting in some visible paling of the coral hosts. Photographic images of each coral were taken at the beginning (Dec 2017) and at the end (Sep 2018) of the experiment, using an Olympus TG-6 compact camera mounted on a frame in a dark chamber with fixed water depth, fixed lighting (Dolan-Jenner MI-150 light source), and fixed camera settings to maximise uniform capture conditions. The images were converted to greyscale for analysis in ImageJ, which calculated the average brightness for each coral (black = 0, white = 255). Brightness values were compared between the beginning and the end of the experiment, yielding a percent increase in colour brightness as indicator of coral bleaching.
Statistical analyses
To fulfil normality assumptions, arcsin and square-root transformations were used to normalise percentage data and measurement data, respectively. Mixed-model Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) with temperature, UVR, and PAR as fixed factors were used to test their individual and interactive effects on the timing of spawning and the physiology of the gametes. Genotype was included as random factor in the time of day of spawning analyses. Normality of the residuals was verified by plotting a histogram of the residuals against a normal distribution curve and homoscedasticity was verified by plotting the model residuals against the fitted model. A mixed-model ANOVA with genotype as random factor and month of spawning, temperature, UVR, and PAR as fixed factors was conducted on egg volumes. Sperm physiology data was considered from the month of August only due to different sampling designs in other months. Where relevant, post hoc tests were conducted with least square means pairwise comparisons with Tukey or Sidak adjustments for multiple comparisons. Three sets of two-way ordinal regressions with cumulative link models were used to test for a shift in spawning months among the treatments, with p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons. Proportional odds assumptions were verified using tests of nominal effects and tests of scale effects. We report the log-likelihood, the AIC, and the Condition number of the Hessian for each of the three cumulative link models in the Supplementary Table S3 and present here only the results of the best model, based on the AIC. The relation between sperm motility and percent high mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed with Pearson's correlation test. Figures were made to show only significant effects with data pooled across non-significant effects. All statistical analyses and their associated figures were conducted using R80 and the R packages car81, ggplot282, lmerTest83, lsmeans84, multcomp85, multcompView86, ordinal87, rcompanion88, Rmisc89, and RVAideMemoire90.
Results
Spawning timing and synchrony
Spawning occurred in June, July, and August, in the week following the full moon. The number of spawning days per individual ranged from 0 to 7, with an average of 3.19 ± 0.11 days (mean ± standard error) (Supplementary Table S1). However, the number of days during which each coral spawned was affected by both temperature and UVR (mixed-model ANOVA, F(1,188) = 13.9, p = 3 × 10–4 and F(1,188) = 22.4, p = 4 × 10–6, respectively, Fig. 3a, Supplementary Table S2). Higher temperature regimens caused a drop in the number of spawning days compared to lower temperatures, and blocking 98% UVR caused a similar drop in the number of spawning days (Fig. 3a). Additionally, temperature and UVR had a significant interaction effect (mixed-model ANOVA, F(1,188) = 6.6, p = 0.011, Fig. 3a, Supplementary Table S2), with lower temperatures and ambient UVR causing a significantly higher number of spawning days than any other combination (post hoc test: least square means with Tukey correction).
Figure 3
Effects of seawater temperature, PAR, and UV radiation on the timing of coral spawning. (a) Both temperature and UVR affected the total number of spawning days that L. scutaria spawned in summer 2018. Low temperature and ambient UVR yielded the highest number of spawning days. (b) Spawning synchrony was determined with the Marquis Index for each of the eight treatments, and is ranked from low to high synchrony. The lowest synchrony was found at high temperature, blocked UVR and high PAR, and the highest synchrony was found at low temperature, ambient UVR, and low PAR. (c) Both temperature and UVR affected the first month of spawning of L. scutaria. High temperature and ambient UVR both independently yielded a shift in the initial month of spawning, increasing the percentage of corals starting their spawning period in June rather than July. (d) Both temperature and the spawning month had direct effects on the time of day that L.scutaria spawned. High temperatures caused corals to spawn earlier than those at low temperatures and spawning occurred later in July in comparison to June. UVR significantly interacted with the month of spawning but did not have a direct effect on the time of spawning. Treatments that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other.
Within each treatment, spawning synchrony determined by the Marquis index74,75 ranged from 0.50 to 0.72 (scale: 0 to 1). The lowest synchrony occurred at higher temperature regimens with blocked UVR and high PAR, and the highest synchrony was found at lower temperatures, ambient UVR and low PAR (Fig. 3b). Overall, synchrony appeared to be the most affected when temperature and PAR were on the higher end, and when UVR was filtered out.
Overall, 62% of fungiid corals first spawned in the month of June in 2018 (Supplementary Table S1). However, the onset of spawning at the month level was affected by both temperature (two-way ordinal regression, χ2 = 38.2, p = 2 × 10–9) and UVR (two-way ordinal regression, χ2 = 6.8, p = 0.028), with higher temperatures and ambient UVR increasing the proportion of corals that first spawned in the month of June, and lower temperatures and blocked UVR increasing the number of corals that shifted the onset of spawning to the month of July (Fig. 3c; Supplementary Table S3).
Throughout the 2018 summer months, spawning was observed between 16:00 and 18:30 (Supplementary Table S1). The time of day that spawning started was affected both by the month (mixed-model ANOVA, F(1,285) = 36.9, p = 4 × 10–9) and by temperature (mixed-model ANOVA, F(1,199) = 364.1, p < 2 × 10–16) (Supplementary Table S4). Spawning occurred on average 40 min later in July than in June, and corals at higher temperatures spawned on average 80 min earlier than ones at lower temperatures (Fig. 3d). Interactive effects were also noted between UVR and month (mixed-model ANOVA, F(1,285) = 3.9, p = 0.050), with UVR causing a difference in spawning time in June but not in July, and among temperature, UVR and month (mixed-model ANOVA, F(1,285) = 7.7, p = 0.006) (Fig. 3d; Supplementary Table S4). Data from the month of August were not included in the statistical analysis. In August, exceptional conditions (Hurricane Lane91) forced us to evacuate all corals out of their treatments and into a single solid emergency aquarium that was less likely to be destroyed in case of a direct hit by the hurricane, for a period of three days. After three days, the corals were returned to their treatments and monitored that same day for spawning. No significant month effect was observed between July and August (corals spawned on average only 4 min later). However, the delay between temperature treatments had disappeared (under high temperatures, spawning started only 4 min earlier than under lower temperatures).
Fertilisation success was directly impacted only by temperature, with a reduction in percent fertilisation at high temperatures. UVR and PAR had significant interactive effects with temperature but did not show any direct effect on fertilisation. Treatments that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other.
Sperm physiology was affected by PAR and temperature. Sperm motility (a) was sensitive to PAR and was lower at ambient PAR levels. Mitochondrial membrane potential (b) was sensitive to temperature and was lower at low temperature levels. A star * means that the treatments were significantly different from each other. (c) There was no significant correlation between percent sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential and percent sperm motility (p = 0.198).
The size of the eggs that were released each month was affected by temperature (a), PAR (b), and the month that the eggs were released (c). Higher temperatures yielded a smaller egg size, as did high PAR levels. In June, the eggs were smaller than in July and August. A star * means that the treatments were significantly different from each other. Treatments that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other.
Coral growth was affected by temperature, with reduced growth in high temperature regimens. UVR interacted with temperature but did not have a direct effect on growth. Treatments that share the same letter are not significantly different from each other.
Some degree of coral paling occurred in all treatments between December 2017 and September 2018. However, corals paled significantly more at high temperature (a), when UVR was filtered out (b), and at high PAR levels (c). A star * means that the treatments were significantly different from each other.
Discussion
Temperature, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) all played significant but different roles in affecting the reproductive biology of the coral L. scutaria. The present study showed that timing of spawning was affected by higher temperature and blocked UVR but not by PAR. Fertilisation success was affected by higher temperature, and sperm and egg physiology were affected both by temperature and PAR. Growth was affected by temperature, and corals paled more at the higher levels of temperature and PAR and when UVR was filtered out. The interactions of thermal stress with light stress both at the PAR level and UVR level are clearly complex, but understanding the individual role of each factor, and understanding how they interact, provides vital information to better understand how to manage these stressors in the changing environment that we are expecting in the coming decades.
Sessile animals such as corals rely on the synchronous release of gametes from different genotypes to cross-fertilise and produce viable offspring92,93. We found that the number of opportunities for cross-fertilisation (i.e. total number of spawning days) dropped with warmer temperatures and when UVR was blocked. Similarly, we found that spawning synchrony, determined with the Marquis synchrony index, also dropped in a warmer temperature regimen and when UVR was blocked. Higher synchrony occurred in conditions that yielded a higher number of spawning days, and synchrony dropped when conditions yielded a drop in number of spawning days. This relationship can happen when the number and proportion of corals involved in spawning is high on each day75. Indeed, the higher the synchrony and the more opportunities for a high proportion of the coral population to spawn on the same day, the higher the chances of reproductive success on the reef94. The opposite trend (i.e. high number of spawning days related to low synchrony) was recently suggested to occur in coral communities in Eilat, northern Red Sea95, but the authors did not quantify synchrony directly and did not analyse comparable datasets, so further work would be needed to confirm the trend96. In our case, in Hawai'i, we found that an increase in temperature yielded fewer spawning days and a drop in spawning synchrony. Oceans around the globe have been warming steadily since the 1970s97,98 and are likely to continue warming in the next decades99, potentially affecting spawning synchrony throughout coral populations globally in the coming years. We found that spawning synchrony was also lower when UVR was blocked. Corals are believed to follow lunar cues to determine the days of spawning, which involves detecting low levels of blue light, which is adjacent to the ultraviolet spectrum100,101,102. Blocking UVR in half of our treatments may have affected those corals' ability to detect the lunar cues in the blue range. It is also possible that the lunar cues needed for spawning synchrony may overlap with the longer wavelengths of the ultraviolet range.
Both warmer temperature regimens and ambient UVR caused a proportion of corals to start spawning a month earlier. By shifting the onset of spawning to an earlier month, these corals can spawn in better thermal conditions, showing potential for a favourable adaptation to warming conditions. A similar shift in the month of spawning has been reported in Acropora japonica (but not in A. hyacinthus), in Favites pentagona, and in Platygyra contorta in Japan, where spawning occurred a month earlier when seawater temperatures were higher than average during the last three months of gametogenesis103.
In addition to a month shift in the onset of spawning, we found that warmer temperatures caused a shift in the time of day that spawning began, with corals exposed to higher temperatures spawning 80 min earlier on average. Most scleractinian corals spawn at night, in the hours following sunset, but L. scutaria spawns in the late afternoon, presumably not using the sunset as a proximate cue for the time of spawning as night-spawning corals do104,105,106. While adapting to warming temperature by advancing the onset of spawning to an earlier month is advantageous in avoiding hotter water temperatures, spawning earlier in the afternoon will cause gametes to be released at a time of the day when the water is warmer and insolation is stronger. Hotter-than-normal temperatures at the time of gamete release can reduce fertilisation success, cause abnormalities in developing larvae, and reduce larval survival107,108. In addition, stronger insolation can lead to DNA damage to the gametes and developing larvae due to stronger ultraviolet radiation49,109,110. While this effect is concerning, we found that the shift in spawning to earlier in the afternoon caused by higher water temperature can be reset in just three days, as we accidentally found out when we had to evacuate all corals to a safer tank due to Hurricane Lane in August 2018. While the exact mechanisms by which the fungiid corals synchronise their spawning to the same time of day remain unknown, we found that water temperature played a significant role, either as a direct cue, or through disrupting the mechanisms responsible for determining the timing.
Fertilisation success is highly dependent on a sufficiently high concentration of motile sperm33,77. Once above a minimum threshold of 5 × 103 sperm cells per egg for the coral L. scutaria77, fertilisation is generally high, which likely explains why we obtained high fertilisation success in all treatments. Higher temperature caused a drop in fertilisation success with the lowest fertilisation rates observed at warmer temperature, low PAR and ambient UVR. A few studies have investigated the effect of short-term increased temperature during the stages of fertilisation success and larval development in corals and have found that an increase in temperature during these stages tended to accelerate the larval development107 but did not necessarily cause a drop in fertilisation success, except in Acropora millepora107. In the coral A. tenuis, the sperm concentration threshold necessary for successful fertilisation was found to be possibly higher at increased temperatures, requiring approximately a six to eightfold higher sperm concentration at 3 °C above ambient temperatures in the coral A. tenuis111. However, the authors did not evaluate sperm motility, so the need for increased sperm concentration could simply have been to compensate for lower sperm motility at higher temperature to obtain similar fertilisation success rates. Following bleaching events, drops in fertilisation have been apparent in several coral species33,34, but many confounding effects other than temperature could have been involved. In the present study, we noted a temperature effect but we would suggest further studies using lower concentrations of motile sperm to identify the limits of fertilisation success under different levels of environmental stress.
Unlike fertilisation success, sperm motility dropped at high PAR and was not affected by temperature. The absence of a temperature effect suggests that although some sperm motility is important for fertilisation success, here, other factors may be involved. For example, we found the strongest effect on egg volume to be temperature, with a drop in egg size at warmer temperatures. The smaller eggs might have been the cause of the reduced fertilisation success in the higher temperature treatments. Sperm motility has been overall low since two consecutive bleaching events in Hawaiʻi in 2014 and 201534. Loss of sperm motility can be associated with a loss in sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in humans112,113 and bovines114, but also in marine invertebrates such as sea urchins78,115 and in some coral species52. Indeed, a high proportion of high MMP reflects the process of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, the driving force behind ATP production and therefore sperm motility. However, this relationship was not found in sperm from marine ascidians or mussels; loss of sperm motility was instead correlated to reactive oxygen species levels and plasma membrane lipid peroxidation114. Similarly, in this study, we found no relation between MMP and sperm motility in the coral L. scutaria. Here, the cause of the loss of sperm motility is likely elsewhere. That sperm motility was diminished at high PAR suggests that the stress that drove sperm motility here may have occurred, to some extent, at the level of the algal symbiont, the photosynthetic partner in the symbiosis, during spermatogenesis. Several studies report negative effects from UVR or combined UVR and PAR on the sperm motility of corals116 and other marine invertebrates117,118, but few from PAR alone. In a study comparing DNA damage, a sign of advanced cell apoptosis, in coral larvae with and without symbionts when exposed to direct insolation (high PAR and high UVR were coupled), DNA damage was higher in larvae with symbionts than in larvae without symbionts, indicating that the symbionts were the source of oxidative stress119. To understand to what extent oxidative stress in the symbionts led to a decrease in sperm motility, further work is needed, potentially testing gene expression regulatory mechanisms, alongside high-resolution imaging to identify any morphological anomalies. Testing the direct effects of reactive oxygen species, the toxic compound released during photo-oxidative stress, on sperm cells, during their development or after their release, might also provide valuable answers.
The volume of the eggs released by female L. scutaria individuals was reduced at warmer temperatures, but it was also lower at higher PAR and was lower in the first month of spawning (i.e. June). A similar temperature effect was found in the coral Acropora digitifera in Okinawa when exposed to temperature regimens 2 °C above ambient temperatures over several weeks prior to spawning120. Eggs are mostly composed of lipids, which will act as energy reserves for the developing larva. To build up enough lipids to produce larger eggs, sufficient resources need to be available. These are provided by the photosynthetic symbionts as part of their symbiotic relationship with their coral host, which relies on the symbionts being healthy and abundant. In this study we found that both temperature and PAR caused corals to pale, which indicates that the symbionts were at the very least less abundant and possibly not able to provide as many nutrients to their coral host as their counterparts in the lower temperature and PAR treatments.
Although warmer temperatures, PAR, and UVR all caused paling of corals, coral growth was affected only by the warmer temperature treatments, which we had adjusted to approximately follow recent temperature observations on reefs in Kāneʻohe Bay (based on data 2014–2019). Previous work in Kāneʻohe Bay has shown that the optimal temperature for coral calcification, including for L. scutaria, is 25.9 °C and that coral growth drops when above that threshold121. Our results confirm these earlier results and suggest that coral growth may already be dropping throughout Kāneʻohe Bay due to ocean warming. Elsewhere, reductions in coral growth linked with warming ocean temperatures have already been detected in the Red Sea122, on the Great Barrier Reef123, in the Andaman Sea124,125, and in the South China Sea125.
The physiological effects of global climate change on coral reproduction are numerous and complex126. However, the bottom line is that without robust reproduction, corals may not be able to adapt to changing ocean conditions. We show that warming ocean temperatures and high solar radiation both negatively affect the reproductive physiology of the mushroom coral L. scutaria, but they may do so through different cellular pathways. Oceans are predicted to continue warming in the decades to come, which may cause a further reduction in coral spawning synchrony, disrupt the timing of spawning, cause a further drop in fertilisation success and in egg volume, and slow coral growth. To manage warming ocean temperatures will take a global effort and strong political will and action, but that effort is necessary to prevent the loss of coral reefs and the vital ecosystem services that they provide127.
While high levels of PAR are likely to continue to affect the reproductive physiology of corals in the coming decades, artificially controlling PAR levels may help reduce damage to sperm and eggs, and mitigate bleaching effects under thermal stress. Shading corals has been tested for a variety of species, showing promising results in reducing coral bleaching and decreasing effects on overall fitness73. Our results suggest that it could also prevent damage to coral gametes, thus reducing the risk of reproductive failure. However, such measures would be challenging to apply in a natural environment and may need to be limited to small-scale reef patches and land-based coral nurseries. Manipulating PAR levels should also consider that below a certain threshold, the circadian rhythm of the corals may be disrupted, causing unwanted damage to the corals' life cycle128,129 so shading mitigation measures would need to be undertaken with caution10,130,131. Finally, high levels of ultraviolet radiation are known to cause cellular damage in many organisms but lower levels of UVR may play an important functional role. Here, we show that completely blocking UVR can impair lunar cycle–related cues, on which the corals rely for determining the timing of spawning and maintaining spawning synchrony.
The coming decades will be challenging for coral reefs around the world, but among the key steps to conserving reef-building corals will be to ensure that reproduction is maintained and to better understand the factors that may disrupt it. This will require global, annual monitoring of coral reproduction alongside further research on the effects of climate change on coral reproductive physiology and reproduction timing. This study is a first step in that direction but many effects identified here would benefit from more in-depth studies focused on these effects, and more importantly, this study needs to be repeated on other coral species to determine how whole coral reef communities are likely to respond to some of the environmental changes associated with climate change in the coming years. On a longer time-scale, global pressures from climate change will need to be addressed for oceans to return to environmental conditions more suitable for the world's coral reefs to thrive again.
Data availability
The data supporting the findings of this paper are available in the article and Supplementary Information.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by funds from the Smithsonian Institution, the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, the Paul M. Angell Family Foundation, the Roddenberry Foundation, the Seaver Institute, the William H. Donner Foundation, the Barrett Family Foundation, the Skippy Frank Foundation, the Compton Foundation, the Cedar Hill Foundation, the Anela Kolohe Foundation, and the Smithsonian Women's Committee. The authors would like to thank Katherine Hardy, Brock Wetzlich, and Ned Busch, for assisting with spawning observations and gamete collection. This manuscript was given an HIMB contribution # 1913 and a SOEST contribution # 11623.
Contributions
J.B., J.D., N.Z., C.L., E.M.H., and M.H. conceived the ideas and designed the methodology. J.B., J.D., N.Z., C.L., E.M.H., M.Q., and M.H. collected the data. J.B. and M.H. analysed the data and wrote a first draft of the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback to the manuscript and approved the submitted obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit
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kidney stone
Patient is a 37-year-old female with cystic fibrosis, recurrent nephrolithiasis who presents to clinic with asymptomatic bilateral kidney stones (8mm on right; 2mm on left) on imaging. What type of stone and why cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated…
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16, 2016
I spent a good bit of time this morning considering the way Esther chose to handle the crisis situation she encountered. The big thing that stood out to me was that Esther was a planner. Rather than reacting emotionally and drawing on her own strength when she finds out about the king's edict, she considers the situation and turns to God for guidance, and the result is a God-directed plan that saves the Jews from annihilation.
Esther's God-directed plan begins to unfold in verses 1-8, and although we only see a small portion of the plan at this point, there are plenty of lessons and examples for us to draw on in these verses. Here are a couple of things that caught my attention—that once Esther's fasting was complete she took immediate action with her plan, and that she kept her emotions in check so that there was no drama. Now there were a bunch of other things I noticed about Esther's plan (I actually made a list and it ended up being pretty lengthy) but I'm not going to list them all so that you can discover even more.
What did you notice or learn from Esther's example that you might use the next time you need to navigate a difficult situation? What one wise thing really stood out to you that Esther did, or didn't do, in this touchy and dangerous situation
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Watch: post zdruabeiomf57z5f As it happens sometimes, the idea stepped down
from the dream into the reality; and he saw it more clearly now than he had seen
it in the dream. The third item she took with a trembling hand by its waistbelt. 'And I trust you will pardon my inadequacies. She heard the bamboo curtain rattle slightly.
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12 Swap
You have 3 minutes or until you run out of moves to swap as many Smiley faces Around in rows or columns of 3 or more You have 3 minutes or until you run out of moves to swap as many Smiley faces Around in rows or columns of 3 or more Mouse
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Dr Rob Risch, Director of the International School of Belgrade (ISB)
Nurturing Diversity International School of Belgrade is a full-day educational institution with a tradition dating back seven decades and a teaching programme intended for pupils aged from three to 18.
Primarily enrolling in ISB are foreign children and youngsters living in Belgrade, but also local pupils from Serbia who want to learn in English and obtain internationally recognised diplomas.
The International School of Belgrade this year commemorates 70 years of work. In your opinion, what are these seven decades of success mostly based on, and which principles form the foundations of your work? What would you point out as achievements of which you are particularly proud?
– At the end of World War II, a growing number of diplomatic missions and foreign businesses began relocating to Belgrade, and therefore the need emerged for a school to educate the children of these families, which could cater to the transient nature of this section of the population.
The foundations of our school are therefore the use of English as the language of instruction, following an internationally recognised and accredited curriculum, and celebrating the diversity of students.
ISB has always focused on strong academics, while at the same time embracing teaching methodologies that enable students to gain the required skills, apply their knowledge and critically analyse issues from various perspectives.
ISB is proud that it remained open throughout the period of the 1990s when most expats (and many locals) left the region. Another milestone was the opening of a second campus in 2003, which enabled the school to expand further. Finally, gaining authorisation to implement the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme was a natural and important expansion of the ISB commitment to educating globally-minded citizens who contribute positively to society.
Through its programme of scholarships, the International School of Belgrade each year offers one student from Serbia an opportunity to complete all four years of secondary school free of charge
ISB has long since recognised the importance of promoting diversity, and in accordance with this, you also provide support in the form of scholarships. Could you tell us more about this?
– The ISB scholarship programme was established in 2013 with the purpose of promoting diversity, as well as being a way in which ISB could 'give' back to our host country by offering an opportunity to earn an ISB Diploma and an International Baccalaureate Diploma to one local student each year.
Students are chosen on the basis of academic excellence, financial need and extra-curricular activities, or voluntary service in the local community. The scholarship programme reinforces ISB's commitment to the themes of our mission statement – to inspire, equip and empower our students to succeed and contribute positively to society. It is designed to make ISB a more integrated part of our host country and promotes the acquisition of knowledge as a key component of the human experience.
We have had three successful graduates so far, and our application process for the next scholar will open on 19th February.
What is the importance of the 'Open Days' events, which ISB organises regularly, and how are those events designed? How much interest did the last 'Open Day' attract?
– We have had three successful Open Days since 2015. On these occasions, our staff and students present our programmes and provide opportunities for prospective families to tour our facilities and visit classes. As a direct result of previous Open Days, several families have decided to join ISB each year.
This year we are planning to hold an Open Day in mid-May, which will be followed by an invitation to attend our Spring Fair on 19th May – as a more informal opportunity for families to gain a sense of our multi-cultural community, with celebrations including a 'Parade of Nations' music, games and food from all over the world.
Technological development, especially in the field of information technology, has imposed new challenges on education policy in our country, as well as the need for an institutional framework that would enable us to cope with those challenges educators and teachers of the 21st century are highly educated, creative and free-thinking personalities trained not only to work in Serbia, but also throughout the world, thanks to their knowledge of foreign languages
The modern age brings with it constant progress in the medical profession and healthcare technologies, with the application of a holistic and inter-professional approach. This means we must commit to improving nurse and midwife education in Serbia and achieving permanent progress through a life-long learning programme
Secondary school graduates who pass the entrance exam can also this year enrol in one of four basic study courses – Islamism, the Sharia and Law course, the pedagogy and communicology course and the course for Islamic economics and halal standard
Thanks to the "School Information System", the 21st century has also arrived in our educational institutions, where teachers use an electronic diary, electronic pedagogical notebooks, electronic portfolios for student, an e-programme for printing testimonials, a platform for creating school websites, e-libraries etc
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To be African American living in Deep South of America was to have no hope at all. To be African American and living in New England was to have very little hope. The number of opportunities for African American's differed greatly between the previous slave owning Southern states and the industrial states of the North East.
In the North East opportunities for African Americans were few but never the less were there. The Renaissance in Harlem shows the great awakening of the repressed African Americans and how they could contribute to the collective American voice. Opportunities that were never available before opened up, whether it was in the new art, music, or literature. Many African American artists and writers were popular and the art industry was blossoming. This time produced some of the greatest American writers at that point, such as Langston Hughes. African American art and music was also popular with people from all ethnic backgrounds but some of it depicted a darker history, showing that suspicions of black people in 1920's were still rife.
Pie chart of religions of African Americans
Ku Klux Klan members and a burning cross, Denver, ...
Cartoon from 1868 ("'Tis but a change of banners -...
That has not changed there is still much tension between the races in America.
There were however, political action organizations, such as the NAACP, or the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. These were set up during the 1920's to try and change the rights of African Americans. They united the African American people. This organization was put together to try and campaign for rights of black people and the removal of segregation. This did not come to pass for a few decades, however, until the start of the civil rights movement.
In the industrial states of the north east work was also plentiful for African Americans in the 1920's. It was, however, mostly badly paid factory work. They worked in...
Citation styles:
What opportunities existed for African Americans in the USA during the 1920's in the former slave owning Southern States and North Eastern States?. (2006, August 27). In WriteWork.com. Retrieved 07:55, November 23, 2017, from
WriteWork contributors. "What opportunities existed for African Americans in the USA during the 1920's in the former slave owning Southern States and North Eastern States?" WriteWork.com. WriteWork.com, 27 August, 2006. Web. 23 Nov. 2017.
WriteWork contributors, "What opportunities existed for African Americans in the USA during the 1920's in the former slave owning Southern States and North Eastern States?," WriteWork.com, (accessed November 23, 2017)
More North American History essays:
The 1920's were a period of tension between new and changing attitudes on the one hand and conservative values on the other. In fact, some historians refer to the twenties as the first decade of the twentieth century. What accounts for this observation? How did some people challenge those changes? ...
... state that 75% of people today believe that there is some kind of intelligent life forms besides ourselves in the universe. That is very convincing compared to the 20% whom believed 25 years ago. ô New ...
... scene. On January 12, 1994, United States Congressman Steven Schiff of Albuquerque, New Mexico, announced to the press ... stated and written into law. Such a measure is essentially what presidential candidate Jimmy Carter promised and then failed to deliver to the American people eighteen years ago in ...
... Ted Bundy: A Paloeopsychological Analysis of a Mass Murderer. New Trends in Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry. '85. July-September Vol ... It is truly sad that a person with such great potential to do good chooses to ...
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These are just four of what are considered the "Great Books"—works of literature that have been singled out as essential parts of a well-read individual's reading list.
The only problem: The "Great Books" can be daunting, intimidating, and oftentimes nearly impossible to get through.
The truth of the matter is that there is so much more to literature than these giants of the Western canon.
In fact, you can get the same pleasures, satisfactions, and insights from books that have yet to be considered "great."
Books that are shorter, more accessible, and less dependent on classical references and difficult language.
Books that, in the opinion of popular Great Courses Professor Grant L. Voth of Monterey Peninsula College, "allow you to connect with them without quite so many layers of resistance to work through."
When you take this skeptical approach to the "Great Books," you open yourself up to works that are just as engaging, just as enjoyable, and—most important—just as insightful about great human themes and ideas as anything you'd encounter on a college-level reading list.
Professor Voth's course, The Skeptic's Guide to the Great Books, is your opportunity to discover new literary adventures that make worthy substitutes to works from the Western literary canon.
In these 12 highly rewarding lectures, you'll get an introduction to 12 works that redefine what great literature is and how it can reveal startling truths about life—all without being such a chore to read.
Discover Alternatives to the Great Books
The first half of The Skeptic's Guide to the Great Books focuses on what Professor Voth considers direct "alternatives" to more canonical works of literature.
In each case, he convinces you that you won't be missing out on much by reading these books instead of their more famous cousins and proves that these selections can be just as substantive, challenging, and stimulating.
He also points out that reading these "alternatives" can give you a good introduction to the canonical works—especially if your initial attempts to tackle them have proved frustrating.
Here are three examples of the books you'll explore in these lectures, along with the canonical counterparts they substitute for.
• Dead Souls as an alternative to War and Peace: Like Leo Tolstoy's mammoth novel, Nikolai Gogol's shorter work captures the heart and soul of 19th-century Russia in a lot fewer pages. Using digressions, lyrical passages, humorous episodes, and epic similes, Dead Souls offers as much enjoyment and insight as War and Peace but without the intimidating length.
• Angels in America as an alternative to the plays of Bertolt Brecht: While plays such as Mother Courage and The Good Woman of Setzuan are wonderful on stage, you can't get the same enjoyment from reading a Bertolt Brecht play as you can by reading Tony Kushner's kaleidoscopic commentary on the culture and politics of 1980s America. In addition, Kushner's work is funny—making us laugh in a way that Brecht's plays seldom do.
• The Master and Margarita as an alternative to Faust: While Goethe's Faust demands that a reader spend his or her entire life poring over its intricate references, Mikhail Bulgakov's novel (in which the Devil visits Soviet Russia) does not. And in addition to being a provocative and engaging story, it comes with more readily accessible ideas about religion and nationalism.
Uncover the Power of Nontraditional Literary Genres
You'll also encounter books from genres that traditionally fall outside the purview of the Western canon.
Just because these books are more popular with everyday readers doesn't mean they don't possess the same power to challenge, guide, and inspire us as their more "established" predecessors do.
• how the graphic novel Watchmen by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons injects the comic-book format with a startling level of realism by casting its superhero characters in darker, more ordinarily human shades; and
• how Yaan Martel's Life of Pi proves that just because a novel is a best-selling success doesn't mean it can't offer readers an unforgettable lesson on the nature of an individual's spiritual journey through life and the enduring power of faith.
Get a Personal Encounter with 12 Entertaining and Wise Books
Winner of the Allen Griffin Award for Excellence in Teaching, Professor Voth excels in these lectures at both unpacking the significance of a literary work and instilling excitement for it, be it a novella, a collection of short stories, or a play.
If you're new to these works, he will have you running to your nearest bookstore or library to discover what you've been missing.
And if you've already encountered some of these books, you'll be eager to revisit them and explore what you may have missed on your first reading.
"The world is full of good books," Professor Voth says. "And if you're careful in the way you read them ... there's no end to the pleasures of the ever-expanding world of literature."
So discover these pleasures for yourself with The Skeptic's Guide to the Great Books and get a personal encounter with 12 works of literature that are short enough to not daunt you, entertaining enough to keep you turning the pages, and wise enough to teach you something about being human.
About Your Professor
Dr. Grant L. Voth is Professor Emeritus at Monterey Peninsula College in California. He earned his Ph.D. in English from Purdue University.
Throughout his distinguished career, Professor Voth has earned a host of teaching awards and accolades, including the Allen Griffin Award for Excellence in Teaching, and he was named Teacher of the Year by the Monterey Peninsula College Students' Association.
He is the author of insightful scholarly books and articles on subjects ranging from Shakespeare to Edward Gibbon to modern American fiction, and he wrote many of the official study guides for the BBC's acclaimed project, The Shakespeare Plays
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Important information regarding you visit
During a dermatology video telehealth visit, details of your medical history and personal health information will be discussed. Additionally, a physical examination of you may take place. Please set up your visit in a private space where an examination of your skin will be possible.
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3. MEDICAL INFORMATION AND RECORDS. All laws concerning patient access to medical records and copies of medical records apply to telemedicine. Dissemination of any patient identifiable images or information from the telemedicine consultation to researchers or other entities shall not occur without your consent.
4. CONFIDENTIALITY. All existing confidentiality protections under federal and California law apply to information used or disclosed during your telemedicine consultation.
5. RIGHTS. You may withhold or withdraw your consent to a telemedicine consultation at any time before and/or during the consult without affecting your right to future care or treatment, or risking the loss or withdrawal of any program benefits to which you would otherwise be entitled.
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Abstract
PURPOSE: To obtain a variable resistance with low power consumption by varying the frequency or duty ratio of a clock pulse of a switched capacitor.
CONSTITUTION: The switched capacitor is connected between an input terminal T1 and the positive-phase input terminal of an operational amplifier 1, and switches S1 and S2 of the switched capacitor are turned on and off by the output signal ϕ of a voltage-controlled oscillator 2 and the output signal ϕ' of an inverter 3 respectively. The charging current of the capacitor C2 is determined by the frequency or duty ratio of the clock, so the switched capacitor operates equivalently as a resistance. For this purpose, a voltage VC applied to the voltage-controlled oscillator 2 is controlled to obtain the equivalent variable resistance by varying the frequency of the clock pulses.
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Enhancing antibiotic effectiveness: Novobiocin is explored as a co-agent in antibacterial strategies, particularly in enhancing the efficacy of other antibiotics like rifampicin against multidrug-resistant bacteria. This underscores its role in combating bacterial resistance and its potential application in developing new antibacterial therapies (Ramirez et al., 2024).
Gene expression modulation: The study investigates novobiocin′s impact on gene expression related to antibiotic production, demonstrating its utility in biotechnological applications to boost the yield of other clinically important antibiotics. This research highlights its role in understanding and manipulating microbial pathways for enhanced drug production (Zhukrovska
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Supplement Review: 360CUT 360SPORT BCAA Sport Formula
I am really starting to like360CUT's products. We recently talked about their pre-workout formula, so now let's talk about their intra-workout formula, 360SPORT BCAA sport formula. I have talked about how important BCAAs are for you whether you are using BCAAs for cutting, bulking, or recovery. But one of my favorite uses of BCAAs is to sip them during the workout to recover quickly. You also get that extra oomph that we all need after a bunch of kick-ass sets. Muscles do fatigue, and as you become more experienced as a bodybuilder, you really need to push your limits to make gains. That is where a little pick-me-up can make all the difference in the world.
360SPORT: BCAA Sport Formula Key Ingredients
BCAAs (L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine)
BCAAs are the building blocks of protein and critical components in muscle recovery, growth, strength and overall athletic performance. They provide a readily available fuel source for muscles leading to greater endurance and improved mental focus.
MCT Oil
MCT Oil is a lower calorie fatty acid, has been suggested to increase the body's calorie burning potential while helping improve the body's ability to repair muscle tissue after a grueling workout.
L-Citrulline Malate
All of this sounds great, but the fact of the matter is that, if it works, we need to use it. And, 360SPORT simply works. It tastes good, has great mix-ability and offers that extra boost of energy that we look for during our brutal workouts.
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USE A MIC!!
I'll dispense with the obligatory "sorry for not posting in so long…" and just say, "Relax, I've been busy." Here's a quick lesson for everyone shooting any kind of video that they actually want people to watch online. USE A MIC: How-To-Video
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Alert: Girl Scout Cookies Differ Depending on Where You Live
There are only two bakeries in the United States contracted to make those most delicious of fundraiser foods, the Girl Scout cookie. Each Girl Scout council can choose which vendor it wants to use for its cookies—ABC Girl Scout Cookie Bakers or Little Brownie Bakers.
The thing is, the two companies don't use exactly the same recipes. Depending on which Girl Scout jurisdiction you're living in, your Thin Mints or Samoas might not be the same as someone in a different council jurisdiction say, 30 minutes away. Some Thin Mints are crunchier than others, and the names of the cookies vary, too. Cookie lovers in Orlando, Florida buy ABC Bakers's Caramel deLites, while buyers in nearby Tampa enjoy Little Brownie Bakers's Samoas.
The good cookie experts at the Los Angeles Times have broken down the exact differences between the two bakeries' cookies (and importantly, how they taste) in a helpful graphic. The interactive map will even tell you whose cookies you're eating. Check it out here. Knowledge is power.
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On-Demand Webcasts
Continuous improvement is a method for identifying opportunities for streamlining work and reducing waste. The practice, formalized by the popularity of Lean/Kaizen in manufacturing and business, is now being used by thousands of companies worldwide to identify savings and process improvement opportunities. Cunniffe of Sanofi, a global pharmaceutical, vaccines and biotech company, will give an overview of Lean concepts and discuss the use of Lean events at Sanofi in the Information and Records Management department, as well as across functions, to improve internal processes.
Do you know how to assess and identify your marketable LIS skills? Many students think they do but often underestimate what they can REALLY do and how their skills add value. Hear from a skills expert and learn how to inventory your own skills and apply them to LIS jobs.
Think you know what it is really like to work in a public library? Join us for a career-focused webcast with iSchool alumna Rosanne Macek and learn about the challenges and rewards of a career in public librarianship.
Cultural intelligence is a person's capability to successfully adapt to new cultural settings, that is, for unfamiliar settings attributable to cultural context. It is only recently that cultural intelligence has surfaced as an element that can increase job performance, personal well‐being, and profitability. This talk will discuss an overview of cultural intelligence and its application within the information profession, specifically look at its application to change.
Join three alumnae of the San José State University School of Information for this insightful presentation full of tips every student can use. Our presenters all graduated with a Master's degree in Library and Information Science (MLIS) and are now working as information professionals. During this presentation, they will draw on their experiences in the MLIS program and share their advice for making the most of your time as a student to successfully prepare for a professional career.
Early literacy development is more connected to technology and other hands-on experiences than ever before. It is crucial that libraries address the needs of the whole child, including multi-literacy skills like visual-audio, digital, textual, technological, sensory, social and social-emotional. During this colloquium, the presenters will discuss how library services and programming impact a child's literacy development. They will also take a look at the iSchool's Early Childhood Literacy curriculum and how it prepares MLIS students for careers in young adult library services.
The ranks of the information governance (IG) community are stirring. A debate is taking place. There has been a concept floated by some thought leaders in IG that contends that we are moving to a world where we retain all information—forever. Some even contend that IG is just a fad and advances in search technology will soon eliminate the need for IG. This presentation debunks those notions and provides a solid rationale for IG.
The proper curation of the vast amount of digital information produced by public agencies offers a "new" frontier for information professionals to serve in both traditional and innovative roles. Join John Shuler as he presents possible career paths, future librarian roles, and suggestions on how to build an effective community of expertise within the digital government complex.
With the issuance of a Presidential Directive on improving the management of federal records in November of 2011 and landmark updates to the Federal Records Act passed into law last year, there have been significant changes in how NARA and agencies are managing records. During this discussion, a member of the NARA RM policy team will talk about these changes and other improvements in the management of federal records.
Recent SJSU SLIS grad, Jeff Frank, will discuss his thesis and the research he conducted while working on his thesis. With the tsunami in Japan and Hurricane Irene in the Northeast, this study of the impact of Hurricane Katrina is more relevant than ever. This presentation will especially be of interest to anyone who needs to create or update a library disaster plan.
In both graduate education and the workplace, individuals are directed to work in teams yet studies suggest that these teams are doomed to failure unless there is training in effective teamwork. This presentation distinguishes between groups and teams and offers research-based suggestions for improved productivity and better experiences.
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Classes
EWA 120: Blueprint Reading
The course teaches students how to identify line types, use of drawing tools, and techniques used in creating blueprints. Students also study drafting scales, electrical symbols, mechanical symbols, and job specifications to prepare them for transferring written information into the physical installation of complete electrical systems. Limited to IBEW 252 Apprentices
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Hard Skills VS Soft Skills
June 9, 2023
I have a fascinating job. More than 2 years I work as a recruiter, during this time I've probably had more conversations in HR interviews than in my entire life😅 The nature of my responsibilities is to facilitate the initial connection between candidates and the company. As a recruiter, I'm reflection of the values, vision, and attitude that the company embodies. As you know we can't make a first impression twice, right? And now, I'm talking about both sides)
I witnessed the hiring processes of top specialists, but unfortunately, there were also a considerable number of rejections. As a recruiter in the IT industry, I constantly come across job seekers who focus solely on their hard skills. Why does it happen that sometimes you might receive a rejection even if your technical skills are a match? Let's briefly remind ourselves what they are just in case someone has forgotten)
Hard skills in IT refer to technical abilities such as programming languages, database management, software development, and cybersecurity. These skills are teachable, measurable, and form the foundation of a candidate's technical competencies. However, the IT industry is constantly evolving, and it's crucial for professionals to keep up with the latest trends and technologies. Therefore, for hard skills, the following characteristics can be observed: - A list of knowledge and abilities that can be objectively assessed and verified. - Documentation of education and qualifications. - Certificates indicating the level of proficiency in specific skills.
On the other hand, soft skills in IT refer to personal attributes such as communication, teamwork, problem-solving, adaptability, and emotional intelligence. These skills are often overlooked but are critical for building effective teams, communicating with stakeholders, and delivering successful projects. Obtaining soft skills doesn't come from universities, manuals, or courses. They are developed throughout life, influenced by upbringing and life experience. For example, some individuals possess self-control from childhood, while others learn to manage their emotions over time due to circumstances.
🔺The most common and highly sought-after soft skills include: 1. Teamwork: The ability to work effectively in a team. 2. Critical thinking: The skill of analyzing and evaluating information to make informed decisions. 3. Leadership: The capacity to guide and inspire others towards achieving goals. 4. Creativity: The ability to think innovatively and generate new ideas. 5. Deadline management: The skill of meeting project timelines and managing time effectively. 6. Responsibility and discipline: Being accountable for one's actions and maintaining a disciplined approach. These skills are valuable in any field, but their development requires time and patience.
During the interview you can highlight key soft skills by:
Showing up on time or early to the interview (punctuality or dependability)
In the IT industry, it's essential to have a synergy between hard and soft skills. While hard skills may get you through the door, it's soft skills that differentiate you from other candidates.
Most companies firstly consider the candidate's technical expertise but also evaluate their ability to collaborate, communicate effectively, and adapt to new situations. I am looking for individuals who can demonstrate leadership qualities and emotional intelligence and could work in a team environment. Developing both hard and soft skills is an ongoing process that requires commitment and dedication. Individuals can enhance their hard skills through formal education, vocational training, and continuous learning opportunities. Soft skills, on the other hand, can be cultivated through various means, such as participating in team projects, seeking feedback, attending workshops or seminars, and practicing effective communication and emotional intelligence in daily interactions.
In conclusion, as an IT recruiter, I emphasize the importance of both hard and soft skills in this industry. While technical expertise is essential, it's soft skills that make a candidate stand out and excel in their role. By continuously developing their hard and soft skills, individuals can position themselves as valuable assets in the competitive IT job market.
P.S. a piece of inspiration) I really love the iceberg model above shows that competency components; knowledge and attitude, the visible parts of the iceberg are the easiest elements to change. Those below the iceberg that drives the person's attitude are harder to change. Performance is driven less by knowledge and skills but more by attitude.
"Don't underestimate Soft Skills – Hard Skills are just the tip of the iceberg"
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Physics - Two charged dust particles exert a force of 3.8 10^-2 N on each other...
Physics - Two charged smoke particles exert a force of 4.2x10^-2 N on each other...
physics - Two charged bodies exert a force of 0.225 N on each other. If they are...
Physics - Two charged bodies exert a force of 0.415 N on each other. If they are...
physics - Two charged bodies exert a force of 0.245 N on each other. If they are...
physics - Two charged bodies exert a force of 0.390 N on each other. If they are...
physics - two charged bodies exert a force of 86N on each other. If they are ...
physic - 3. I have two identical dust particles. They are spheres with diameters...
physics - Two charged spheres are 5.25 apart. They are moved, and the force on ...
physics - Two charged spheres are 5.25 apart. They are moved, and the force on ...
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A new wave of cities is testing out programs that give their residents free money each month, no strings attached.
Often referred to as guaranteed income or universal basic income, these types of programs differ from other U.S. government benefits in that they tend to give low-income people direct cash payments with little to no stipulation on how to spend the money.
"Programs like this limit bureaucracy," says Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, a pediatrician and professor at Michigan State University who's directing a year-long universal income program for mothers in Flint called Rx Kids.
"They're efficient; they're effective," she adds. "They enable families to have freedom of choice to decide how best to make their ends meet
While not a novel idea, cash-payment programs like the one in Flint have started to catch on in the U.S. since the pandemic — with dozens of towns from coast-to-coast testing them out. Big cities like Baltimore, Chicago, Houston and Sacramento have gotten on board.
Many of the initiatives are at least partially funded by the pandemic-era American Rescue Plan and are loosely inspired by the poverty-eradicating efficacy of stimulus checks and the expanded child tax credit. Scores of international studies suggest that giving needy families direct cash is one of the best ways to reduce poverty. But until recently, the U.S. has largely eschewed direct-payment welfare.
6 places giving residents free money, no strings attached
In 2024, at least six major programs — spanning dozens of cities — are in effect in the U.S., with more in the works. Here's a look at how and where these programs operate.
1. Baltimore
Residential redlining and racial segregation in Baltimore have left a legacy of inequity that is present to this day. By launching a pilot program to give young, low-income parents $1,000 payments each month, Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott has said he hopes to fix some of those long-standing issues.
Started in 2022, the Baltimore Young Families Success Fund pilot program is providing 200 parents aged 18 to 24 monthly payments of $1,000 for two years. The final payments are expected to come later this summer. Funding comes from leftover American Rescue Plan money and philanthropic efforts.
To some participants of the program, which is in partnership with Shaquille O'Neal-backed Steady app, it sounded too good to be true at first. Program leaders have said some skeptical Baltimoreans even "thought it was a scam." Far from it. The pilot program is on track to invest nearly $5 million in young Baltimore parents.
Research firm Abt Global and Baltimore's Johns Hopkins University are pairing up to evaluate the mental, physical and financial health of the families involved in the pilot to help the city decide whether to expand the program.
2. Cook County, Illinois
Most notably the home of Chicago, Cook County has been running a guaranteed-income program since December 2022 with payments flowing through the end of 2024.
Known as the Promise Program, the pilot is using $42 million of American Rescue Plan funds to give 3,250 low- and middle-income families $500-a-month cash payments over a two-year period, for a total of $12,000.
According to local officials, more than 200,000 families applied, and the participants were chosen by a lottery system. Excluding income from the program, the median earnings of those in the pilot is $21,000. And while participants were not required to be parents, nearly 60% of those selected have children.
The University of Chicago is conducting a study on the pilot test, including a control group of 3,250 families not receiving guaranteed income for comparison. Depending on the findings, Cook County President Toni Preckwinkle said that the program may continue in future years.
3. Flint, Michigan
Following the Flint contaminated-water crisis a decade ago, the ravaging effects of poverty and inequality in the small Michigan town gained outsized national attention.
The quagmire spurred some local officials and advocates into action. One such advocate is Dr. Hanna-Attisha of Rx Kids — who was instrumental in uncovering the Flint water crisis and leading the recovery efforts.
Now, she's heading the nation's largest guaranteed-income project for mothers in Flint.
"This is not a pilot," she says. "Rx Kids is a universal program."
As of January, every mom (or primary caregiver) of a newborn baby in the city of Flint can join the program, which provides $500 per month for the first year of a baby's life. In addition to those monthly payments, moms-to-be receive a lump-sum payment of $1,500 after reaching the 20-week mark of pregnancy — with no income requirements or restrictions on how the money can be used.
The funds also follow the baby, Hanna-Attisha says, meaning that if a child is adopted or is left with a new primary caregiver, the new guardian receives the aid.
So far, the program has raised $55 million through philanthropic efforts, American Rescue Plan funds and — crucially — redirected money from the city's Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.
Better known as simply welfare, TANF is a federal assistance program already in place all around the country. By repurposing funds to assist low-income residents with newborns, Hanna-Attisha says the program in Flint can be replicated all across the country.
And it just might be: Michigan officials are gearing up to expand the program into Detroit, Kalamazoo, Saginaw, Benton Harbor and part of the Upper Peninsula. Flint's program has also gained the attention of Congressional lawmakers Sen. Gary Peters, D-Mich., and Rep. Dan Kildee, D-Mich., who are keen to propose a federal version of it.
4. Harris County, Texas
In Harris County, Texas, more than 15% of the population is in poverty, and local officials are experimenting with ways to reduce that.
Uplift Harris, an 18-month pilot program that's giving nearly 2,000 county residents cash payments of $500 a month, just might be the answer.
Not everyone in Harris County — which includes Houston and dozens of other cities — is eligible to join. Only low-income residents from 10 select ZIP codes are eligible to be chosen later this month. To be included, residents' household income can't exceed 200% of the federal poverty line.
Unlike similar programs, Uplift Harris is fully funded by federal American Rescue Plan dollars, with $20.5 million earmarked for the pilot. The first payments are expected to go out in early April.
Harris County Commissioner Rodney Ellis, a Democrat, told the Wall Street Journal that he hopes the program lays the groundwork for a broader and permanent one. However, its future is uncertain as some Texas Republicans are attempting to halt Uplift Harris by asking the state's attorney general to block it.
5. Sacramento County, California
Since 2021, some low-income residents of Sacramento County have been receiving monthly payments to help them cover everyday necessities.
The county includes Sacramento City, Citrus Heights, Folsom and several other towns.
The first iteration of the county's guaranteed income program — in partnership with the nonprofit United Way — paid out $300 per month to 100 families. Subsequent rounds of the pilot have paid out $500 per month. Since its inception, the program has assisted 310 low-income families in the area.
The latest cohort of participants started receiving their monthly payments in January, and they're set to last for 12 months.
Funding for the guaranteed-income pilot comes from the American Rescue Plan and donations from the Sierra Health Foundation.
Sacramento State University is in charge of studying the efficacy of the program. Already, it's published initial reports on the first two iterations. Early findings show that 91% of people before joining wouldn't be able to afford an unexpected expense of $400. By participating in the program, three quarters said they're now confident they can reach their financial goals.
6. Pierce County, Washington
As the name suggests, the program largely serves Tacoma, Washington, but may include residents from nearby Parkland, Midland, Summit, Spanaway and Frederickson.
The program is limited to low-income single heads of households who have children. It will provide 130 parents with $500-a-month payments for a year, $6,000 in all. The money is "unconditional and unrestricted."
"This project is designed to demonstrate that this type of cash investment can reduce feelings of overwhelm and toxic stress, improve economic stability, increase housing security, and improve health and well-being while reducing poverty in our community," the application states.
The first version of GRIT was a 13-month program that started in December 2021. That program was largely deemed a success, and the county is doubling down. Both versions of the program are trials being run by the Center for Guaranteed Income Research at the University of Pennsylvania and in partnership with United Way.
"It's changed my house for the better," one participant in the 2021 program told researchers. "I've felt so much less month-to-month stress since this program started."
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freecharge add money offer Archive
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We're thrilled to announce the launch of Celo Arabia, a groundbreaking initiative set to revolutionize financial inclusion across the Middle East!
Why Celo Arabia is needed?
Arabic is spoken by over 420 million people across more than 25 countries, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, so we have a large market full of promising opportunities.
Our team has has extensive experience and has worked with several major projects before. We will strive to reach a large number of users and developers in order to involve them in the Celo ecosystem.
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Financial Management for Non-Financial Managers
An In-Class Course
Course Description
Almost every manager or attorney or physician needs a firm understanding on the numbers side of business. This "crash course" in finance equips managers from all backgrounds with the critical skills needed to compete in today's complex economy and, ultimately, boost their bottom lines.
Without such an understanding, a manager's ability to make intelligent, economically sound decisions is severely compromised. To be able to make sound decisions, therefore, requires the manager to understand how financial information is prepared for external users and how to use financial information for managerial decision-making. In addition, for organizations to make investment decisions that may benefit the organization over a long period of time requires a basic understanding of capital expenditure analysis and the cost of acquiring funds to support those investments. Each of these issues will be addressed and analysis techniques presented such that the participant will acquire skills that will make him or her a more effective manager.
This program will help you develop basic financial skills and an understanding of financial reports and the use of financial information in decision making. Specific skills that you will learn include: how business transactions are recorded in the financial records of the organization; how to read and interpret financial reports; how to evaluate projects that provide returns over many time periods (discounted cash flow and capital expenditure analysis); and how an organization calculates its cost of funds (cost of capital) and how this affects firm profitability. Using real-world data, cases and examples from financial statements, experts in accounting, finance and financial decision-making, you will develop an understanding of and appreciation for the importance of financial information in effective decision-making. The goal is to make you more comfortable in using financial information in your decision-making process and enhance your managerial and leadership capabilities.
*Note: This course has been approved for 30 hours CLE credit.
Topics
Business Transactions
Financial Reports
Financial Statement Analysis
Evaluating Capital Expenditures
Cost of Capital
Career and Industry Outlook
According to Hays Worldwide, one of the largest recruiting and professional staffing organizations in the world, 2015/16 jobs market will be characterized by high demand for skilled professionals who can diagnose time or cost inefficiencies and then offer solutions to improve their department or business's performance. In the latest Hays Quarterly Report, employers who want to maintain profitability will place high demand for people who can offer effective costs solutions to their operations.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the number of job openings for financial managers will grow at an 8.9 percent clip by 2022, which means 47,100 new jobs. In addition, financial management jobs tend to pay well. The median salary for the profession was $112,700 in 2013, with the lowest-paid managers earning less than $61,320 and the highest-paid earning more than $187,199.
The American Management Association states: "what's trending now is constant change, added responsibilities as a manager and rising expectations of your employer. To stay alive, you have to increase your flexibility, expand your management skills and close skill gaps. You need to become a multidimensional go-to person. In short, you must invest in yourself to develop the required skills." Further, the AMA states, "financial skills – "the ability to weigh the dollars-and-cents implications of your decisions" – are one of the six skills that will make you indispensable as a manager.
What you'll learn:
How to use financial analysis to identify opportunities in your organization
How to effectively evaluate capital expenditures
Understand how an organization creates value
Outcomes:
You will gain a firm understanding of financial management terminology, concepts and application of analysis techniques
You will have greater facility in interacting with the accounting and finance areas within your organization
You will have a better understanding of the financial impact of your decisions
You will have a greater understanding of and ability to interpret financial statements and reports
You will be better able to link your decisions to the financial goals of the organization
Who is this for?
The program is particularly relevant to professionals in the following areas:
Law and Legal
Management Consulting
Brand Management
Information Technology
Manufacturing
Construction
Energy & Utilities
Healthcare
Note: The course is designed such that participants are not expected to have any prior knowledge of accounting or finance.
Course Schedule
Program Faculty
Kendall Middaugh II
Director, Institute for Executive Education and Professor of Management Emeritus, School of Business, Wake Forest University. BBA and MBA, George Washington University; PhD, The Ohio State University.
Prior to teaching in the MBA & MA in Management programs at Wake Forest University, Ken taught in the MBA and PhD programs at the University of Virginia and at the undergraduate level at Ohio State University where he won numerous awards for his teaching. His teaching and research interest overlap and include managerial accounting, managerial finance, planning and control systems, and strategy implementation. He was responsible for the development and direction of the first general management program offered in the United States to Soviet enterprise managers. He was the recipient of the first Sara Lee Award for Excellence in Education for his teaching and involvement in the Soviet management program. While completing his PhD studies at Ohio State University, he was recognized by the Ohio House of Representatives for teaching excellence. Ken is the author of a number of articles on management planning and control systems, capital expenditure analysis and telecommunications security. He has also co-authored the Professional Development Institute's Advanced Capital Budgeting manual for the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He has written over 50 cases for use in educational programs. He has been teaching using the case method for almost 20 years and has conducted seminars on its use for a number of professional audiences. He has worked for the accounting firms of Ernst & Young and KPMG Peat Marwick. He has been a consultant to a wide variety of domestic and multinational clients including IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation, Armstrong World Industries, Ernst & Young, Amtrak, U.S. Postal Service, U.S. Civil Service Commission, Sara Lee Corporation, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center and other major corporations. He is a member of the American Accounting Association and the Decision Sciences Institute.
Robert C. Nash
Professor of Finance, Schools of Business, Wake Forest University. BS, The Citadel; MBA, University of South Carolina; PhD, University of Georgia.
Rob has been teaching corporate finance at the School of Business since 1997. Prior to joining Wake Forest, he taught at the University of Baltimore and at the University of Georgia (where he received his PhD degree in 1994). Rob also holds the CCM (Certified Cash Manager) and CMA (Certified Management Accountant) designations. He has taught at executive development programs such as the School of Banking and the Savings & Loan School at the University of Georgia, at the Minority Institute for Executive Education at Wake Forest University, Duke Energy, Lowe's Companies, BB&T's Banking School and at the International Business School in Moscow. He has also worked as a consultant and auditor for Deloitte & Touche. Rob's research focuses on international capital markets and financial contracting. He has published in the Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Banking and Finance, Financial Management, Journal of Corporate Finance, Journal of Financial Services Research, among others [email protected].
Certificate Eligibility
To receive the Certificate in Financial Management for Non-Financial Managers from Wake Forest University, students must successfully complete all portions of the 6-week course, within the allotted time period. Participants must work closely with faculty to complete all course requirements within the allotted time frame, including course attendance for a minimum of 5 of the 6 course sessions.
*Note: This course has been approved for 30 hours CLE credit.
Meeting Location
Parking is available in the Wake Forest Charlotte Center parking deck, which is adjacent to the Wake Forest Charlotte Center on 5th Street. Parking can be validated by bringing your parking pass to class.
Wake Forest University Charlotte Center – Map, directions & parking
Tuition
The cost of the program is $2,500 and includes most materials (students will need to purchase specific texts and materials at an estimated cost of $75) and is due in full at time of registration. Wake Forest University alumni, faculty, and staff receive a tuition discount. Certain partner companies also receive a discount. Please contact Carol Oliff, [email protected] for more details or call 704-365-3863,
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In probability theory a normal distribution is a kind of probability distribution with a set value of random variables. The normal distribution formula is: Normal distributions are valuable... Read more
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I've been asked how to prevent access to myspace.com on Windows systems without having to purchase or install blocking software. Well, there's a free and simple way to do this.
Here's a quick trick to block myspace.com on a Windows system. Basically, you are editing a text file on your computer, adding an entry to it. This file is known as the 'hosts' file, and it allows you to block sites using a very simple but effective method.
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Inhale the Beach
Transport yourself to the seaside—or blend in with it—by way of five fragrances inspired by heavenly escapes
IMAGINE, FOR A MOMENT, walking through a garden of honeysuckle and wild roses, down a sandy path of beach plums and tall wavy grasses. Then, at the exact moment you come upon a wide stretch of beach, a soft, salty, generous breeze comes up from the ocean to welcome you home for the summer. This is the scent of lazy days, hot sun and the shiver of stepping into the cold water. It's impossible to bottle, but these five fragrances do come awfully close. Of course, all beaches are different, so why not have a fragrance for each of your favorites? There's something deeply satisfying about sinking into the sand, tuning...
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What's the only thing Obama has to do in order to win the White House?
Topic: Weaknesses in a personal statement
June 20, 2019 / By Davinia
Question:
Just review everything that's gone wrong with America since Bush first stole office?
Standard of living going down
cost of living going up
jobs lost
No management of the home mortgage disaster BEFORE it exploded
Katrina mismanagement (review what Chins has done already just 45 days after their earthquake and compare it to Bush bungling.)
Unpopular wars
surplus to debt
$4.35 gas
Oil Corp welfare but no relief to taxpayers
7 years of the Patriot Act but not one arrest to show for it.
All Obama has to do to win the White House is to talk about what Bush has already done to this country and the McCain will be more of the same.
Best Answers: What's the only thing Obama has to do in order to win the White House?
Brenna | 10 days ago Well, as usual, any intelligent question draws personal attacks on the asker. I would point out the Democrats do not "control" Congress until they can override a presidential veto. Based upon Senator McCain voting record, Senator Obama can attack him by attacking President Bush. He can point out all of Senator McCain's statements in support of the President's policies; he can point out the lack of success in Iraq and Afghanistan. He can point out Senator McCain's admitted weakness on economic issues, which I think is most important to the citizens today; the Senator's inability to even turn on a computer (I mean, yeah he's old, but come on--this is 2008!); his disdain for woman and lack of support of women's issues. Finally, what no one has bothered to check, is Senator McCain's own record on "pork" spending. He criticizes "pork" like crazy, but he's brought plenty of money home to Arizona, so apparently "pork" is in the eye of the beholder. Oh, also, they could play a few of his famous temper tantrums. Plenty of his prominent supporters have published quotes about his abusive nation. Or--just wait until he has another senior moment like Senator Bob Dole did.
👍 208 | 👎 10
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We found more questions related to the topic: Weaknesses in a personal statement
Originally Answered: How is it possible to make a Petition to speed up the Elections to where we can get Obama out of the White House Now? Signing a petition isn't gonna get Obama out of the White House any faster than the 2016 election will. You seem very paranoid about the refugees, why is that? While many will come over; I'm pretty sure most will be hard working people in hopes for a better life, like the majority of those that come from Central America and Mexico. No need to worry although I see where you're coming from. Just have faith in homeland security and the intelligence community. They've kept us safe, for the most part, in the days since 9/11.
Alexia Nothing. The bad guys are doing it all for him. Why did the US Supreme Court rule as unConstitutional the 'Military Commissions Act of 2006' which suspended habeas corpus allowing the president to declare you an 'enemy combatant' and end your rights to seek legal or judicial relief from unlawful imprisonment. "The writ of habeas corpus serves as an important check on the manner in which state courts pay respect to federal constitutional rights. The writ is 'the fundamental instrument for safeguarding individual freedom against arbitrary and lawless state action'."(1) T also said that: "What, really, a time of shame this is for the American system. What the Congress did and what the president signed today essentially revokes over 200 years of American principles and values."(3) www. stopthenorthamericanunion.com/TwoActsOfT...
This is a horrible act and John McCain is one of its supporters. The US Supreme Court has said it is unconstitutional which is great. But there is politiics in the timing of their decision. John McCain and his probable running mate Lindsey Graham from SC, are running their mouths that the US Supreme Court has made a horrible decision. McCain and Lindsey are basically throwing the election to Obama over this one issue. But what is suspect is that the Supreme Court was logically told by the bad guys to declare the Act unconstitutional knowing McCain would act as he is acting and thus throw the election to Obama. Believe it or not, there is a more horrible Act which comrade Little George signed October 16, 2006 which allows him to put the USA under Martial Law for basically any reason. The communi$t$ will not order the Supreme Court to declare this bill unconstitutional because its John Warner bill and not McCain's, and this is about throwing the election to Obama, not getting rid of laws which shred the US Constitution.
I am still leaning toward McCain even though he is obviously throwing the election to Obama, can't wait to see his VP, has got to be one who will guarentee his defeat, because this Suprme Court decision reeks and everything in the news is bad guy manipulation to elect Obama, and if the bad guys want Obama, I want McCain.
👍 80 | 👎 1
Tybalt In that not likely adventure, he can in basic terms do in basic terms like the Republicans interior the senate and veto each thing requiring a veto information majority to bypass something. by ability of con criteria, if the Republicans won't be able to manage that, then that's their fault, not Barry's or the Democrats.
👍 71 | 👎 -8
Rickey "All Obama has to do to win the White House is to talk about what Bush has already done to this country and the McCain will be more of the same."
Funny, that is all he's done up to this point. He's been effectivlely shown to be wrong about this and a great many other things and I know some lifelong Democrats that are already tired of it and are either not voting or voting for McCain.
You do know that most of the increase in gas happened after The Dems took over the legislature dont you.
Your reasoning is fairly well flawed.
now playing:in the evening - led zeppelin
👍 62 | 👎 -17
Merle If Obama is such a good politician I dare him get either:
JESSIE JACKSON OR AL-SHARPTON AS HIS VICE PRESIDENT see if he will ever get 10% of the American votes!!!!! BTW, where in the hell are these two??? Is there a black conspiracy to hide these two before the election day???
P.S. Bush did not stole the office...he won it fair and square...twice!!!! (You stupidity is obious!!!!)
👍 53 | 👎 -26
Jonty I think that once women realize that John McCain does not look out for our top priorities for our families, Obama will win their votes and the election!
John McCain doesn't show support for women's issues. He wants to over turn Roe v Wade. He has been very reluctant to support women's and children's health initiatives and he voted against a minimum wage increase SEVEN TIMES!
👍 44 | 👎 -35
Ham The supposed 'failures' of the Bush administration has nothing to do with the supposed 'successes' of an Obama administration.
That is a weak argument for Obama.
McCain 08.
👍 35 | 👎 -44
Ebenezer He will never win, bcuz Jewish people are preparing ( Bush's style ),McCain to be there DOG for the next 8 years if his age will allow him..
👍 26 | 👎 -53
Cairo There are 3 Branches of Government not including state and local Governments. All of them can take a little blame for all of those. Your question just shows a lack of intelligence for believing everything you hear without checking it out for yourself first. Quit drinking the koolaid.
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Many people listen to the weather report on the radio before they head out the door in the morning so they can be prepared for the day to come.
A moon is defined as a natural satellite in orbit around another body that, in turn, is in orbit around its Star. The moon is kept in its position by both its own gravity, as well as its host's gravitational grip. Some planets have many moons, some have only a small number, and still others have none at all. Several asteroids inhabiting our Solar System are circled by very small moons, and some dwarf planets--such as Pluto--also host moons
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How to use this 226 year old rule
Much of it comes from a certain natural flow of elements, called the Rule of Thirds. This rule was first coined 226 years ago, even though its natural flow is something we can't resist.
Now, major movie studios have billions of dollars on the line to nail this rule perfectly.
But first, thanks to everyone who signed up for 1:1 calls last week. 40 people responded to the survey which ended up being about 1.5%. I had no expectations, but overall pleased with this being a new newsletter asking for something from you.
And if you're in LA, you should check out Khe Hy's podcast launch party this week.
Lastly, if you're one of the 180+ people here for the first time this week—welcome! I think we have something special here.
Give me three minutes to show you:
📏 How billions of dollars hinge on the Rule of Thirds
🕹️ How one YouTuber quickly creates 500 thumbnails effortlessly
🕯️ How to design a home with light
How to use the rule of thirds
A common question I get asked is how to make something look well-designed. As in, where do you even start?
For anything with a small amount of space (slides, profile backgrounds, thumbnails) you first want to focus on creating a simple visual hierarchy.
For instance, let's say you have a header, subhead, image, and button to design with. That's four elements that need to be given an order of visual priority.
Determine which deserves the most focus, and use the rule of thirds to give it a spot on the page. You can start by reading the post below and following some of the instructions I give.
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Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs reduce fever and relieve ache attributable to muscle aches and stiffness, however solely NSAIDs may also reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Within the area of prescribing medications, this implies selecting a medicine tailor-made to the scientific needs of each patient (e.g., to attenuate adversarial side effects and adverse interactions with other drugs or circumstances). According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , about 1.5 million individuals within the US, mostly between the ages of 18 and 25, used cocaine in 2013; nevertheless, that quantity was lower than within the decade prior. As a result of generic medicine are often lower-price however nonetheless therapeutically equivalent to model name medicine, most state Medicaid programs require generic substitution unless the prescriber specifies that the model is medically necessary. Buy generic celebrex australia. celebrex Low cost celebrex 5mg.Is Celebrex an NSAIDs? Celebrex is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, often referred to simply as an NSAID. NSAIDs block swelling, pain, and fever. Celebrex works by stopping the production of COX-2, a natural substance in the body that causes pain and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis (the inflammatory type of arthritis) How long does it take for Celebrex to kick in? Celebrex can start to work quickly, often after the first dose. In other people and other conditions it can take a little longer. If there is no improvement from Celebrex after 2-3 weeks then it is not likely to work. Is Celebrex an over the counter drug? Aleve (naproxen) and Celebrex (celecoxib) are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to treat arthritis, pain, menstrual cramps, and fever. One difference between Aleve and Celebrex is that Aleve is available without a prescription from your doctor (over-the-counter, OTC) and Celebrex is not.
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How to Be Happy in Life
Do you wonder why we don't feel happy even when we have abundance? Do you want to be happy and fulfilled every day?
In our 6 Pillars of Happiness Course, Master Teacher Ram Jain answers these key life questions, revealing how to develop lasting happiness and life satisfaction. This guided course will teach you how to clearly design a balanced and happy life and achieve it with simple yogic strategies.
At the end of this course, you can take control of your life and build positive habits that maximize happiness in all areas of your life.
Technical Help
Access to Updates
What Our Students Are Saying About the Course
I loved it! Really found it very useful to focus on breathing daily. I feel a big difference in my sleep quality and energy levels. The course material is clear and well structured. I am very happy with it."
Lise
I am very glad I enrolled in this challenge. The daily challenges just take 10 minutes so I can easily squeeze them into my busy day. I feel better, I have more energy and I feel more positive. Did not expect that just after ten days, wonderful!
Brain
Great course! Good explanations by Ram on the exercises, though I missed some more details on physiology of these exercises but I guess it's a short course so he did not cover that. Overall very valuable course, I highly recommend it.
Denise
What's Inside This Course
Arhanta's Online Happiness Course is divided into 6 comprehensive webinars. In each webinar, you will look at key areas of life according to yogic philosophy and how to find lasting happiness in each. Click to see what each webinar covers:
1. The 1st Pillar of Happiness: Health in Light of Yogic Principles
What is Happiness?
What is Health?
The 3 Components of Holistic Health
Asana
Ayurveda & Diet
Pranayama
Pratyahara
Vivek & Meditation
2. The 2nd Pillar of Happiness: Career in Light of Yogic Principles
The 4 Stages of Life
What is 'Career'?
Why is Career Important?
Dharma
Karma Yoga
Free Will
How to Find Happiness in Your Career
Important Questions
3. The 3rd Pillar of Happiness: Relationships in Light of Yogic Principles
Why are Relationships Important?
Karma & Relationships
Reincarnation & Relationships
Dharma & Relationships
Love & Attachment
How to Find Lasting Happiness in Relationships
4. The 4th Pillar of Happiness: Leisure in Light of Yogic Principles
Importance of Leisure
The 3 Gunas
Brahmacharya
The Pendulum of the Mind
How to Have Leisure with Happiness
Questions & Answers
5. The 5th Pillar of Happiness: Spirituality in Light of Yogic Principles
What is Spirituality?
Upadhis
Kaival Gyan
7 Stages of Knowledge
Yams & Niyams
Questions & Answers
6. The 6th Pillar of Happiness: Lifestyle in Light of Yogic Principles
Meet Your Teacher,
An advanced yoga practitioner & teacher trainer with over 23 years of teaching experience
Ram Jain was born into a Jain family in India that upheld rich traditions. At the age of 8, he began learning yoga and has since been practicing for 34 years. In 2017, Ram started providing online yoga training with the aim of making traditional yoga practices and knowledge more easily accessible. Today, the Arhanta Online Academy offers a wide range of comprehensive online courses, complete with in-depth video demonstrations and lifetime support. This enables practitioners to enhance their skills and empower others from any part of the world.
"I was trained in the tradition of Swami Sivananda. I received a solid foundation in ancient scriptures, including Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Yoga Sutras." -Ram Jain.
Your Investment
Ram Jain has developed this refined course based on his extensive teaching experience spanning over 20 years. Enrolling in this course gives you lifetime access to all course materials, updates, and teacher support.
Great Experience or Your Money Back!
Our commitment to you is our zero-risk assurance. Your satisfaction is important to us, so if for any reason you are not pleased with our online course, you can request a full refund within 30 days of purchase. This means that you can explore up to 25% of the course within the first 30 days and if you find it is not the right fit for you, send us an email before the end of the 30th day and receive a prompt and guaranteed full refund.
About Arhanta Yoga
"I see yoga as a way to master the five senses, so I named the ashram 'Arhanta Yoga,' the yoga to master the five senses!"- Ram Jain.
Arhanta Yoga is a well-established yoga school providing traditional yoga education with a modern approach. We have two reputable yoga ashrams in India & The Netherlands that serve over 1000 yoga students yearly.
At Arhanta, we have provided internationally accredited yoga teacher certifications since 2009. More than 12000 yoga teachers from over 100 countries have been certified at our ashrams. Our extensive teacher training experience has helped us create the best-of-class training.
Frequently asked questions
Why study how to be happy with Arhanta?
Arhanta's Online Academy offers specialized training courses that you can study from anywhere and anytime. This Online Happiness Course is a guided, self-paced mini-course that provides yogic principles and techniques that'll help you boost happiness and improve your overall well-being. Study from the comfort of your couch and discover the secret to a happy life.
Can I replay the videos?
All of our online courses allow you to learn at your own pace and replay the videos as often as you want. You will also have lifetime access to the course videos and materials after completion.
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Jean Sibelius
Starting Monday June 2 at 8:00 p.m., WXXI will broadcast weekly concerts from the 2007-2008 season of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. It's my privilege to prepare them by writing scripts, editing, hosting, and mixing the performances, which are donated by the musicians after they approve them. I attend each concert, take notes, and then hear it in the studio months later.
I can't explain why, but performances that electrified the live audience occasionally sound flat on record. In person, the RPO's Bolero (Ravel) had me on the edge of my seat, even though I've heard it a thousand times. On tape, though, it seems a bit ragged.
As of January 1st, unleashed dogs were officially banned from the park named for the famous Scandinavian composer, Jean Sibelius. The centrally located park lies near Bathurst and Dupont streets.
Dogs' rights aside, the park underscores the incredible popularity of Sibelius, who lived from 1865-1957. I can't think of a composer alive today so universally revered. I've been reading about Jean Sibelius, and my appreciation for his music is moving beyond "Finlandia" worship. He loved nature, birds, and drinking. He was a homebody, full of self-doubt, despite his fame.
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You are here
Nexmo Voice API
The Voice API allows developers to integrate call control functionalities with third party applications. Developers can build voice-based interfaces such as voice conferencing applications, and customer support systems. This API uses API Keys for authentication, and JSON for responses. Nexmo is powered by the New Jersey based firm, Vonage.
We've added 12 APIs to the ProgrammableWeb directory in categories such as Analytics, Messaging, Dashboards, and Voice. One highlight today is the recently released Nexmo Voice API, which can convert text to speech in 23 different languages. Here's a rundown of the latest additions
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Saturday, 17 November 2007
Diet? What diet?
I was reading through some random blogs and found a recipe for chocolate peanut butter cups. It was a Nigella recipe too! My boss had recently gone a trip to America and had brought back some Reese's peanut butter cups (and Hershey's Kisses and lots of other American sweeties) and I loved them. Since I haven't found the official ones here (although I haven't looked that hard) I thought I might try and make them.
1. For the base, place all the ingredients for the base in the bowl of a food processor. Blend the mixture until the mixture takes on a sandy texture. 2. Place 48 gold petit four cases in sets of miniature tart tins or mini-muffin tins (each indent about 4.5cm/1¾in in diameter). 3. Use one teaspoon of the base mixture to fill the bases of the petit four cases. Press the sandy mixture down into the cases as best you can to form a layer at the bottom of each paper case. 4. Place the milk chocolate and dark chocolate together into a heatproof bowl. Suspend the bowl over a pan of simmering water (the water should not touch the bottom of the bowl). Melt the chocolate gently while stirring. 5. Spoon teaspoonfuls of the melted chocolate onto the top of each of the sandy bases of the petit four cases. 6. Decorate the tops of the chocolate covered peanut butter cups with either a gold button or gold star in the middle of each and transfer them to the fridge. Let them set in the fridge, for about half an hour. 7. To serve, arrange the chocolate peanut butter cups in their cases on a clean plate.
They are decadently yummy. I think I ruined it for myself though by buying low fat peanut butter, because the bases didn't hold together. They stayed pretty sandy. I don't care, I'm eating them, even though they are terrible messy and you can't just brush any crumbs away because you'll end up with big peanut butter smear (or that could just be because I'm a bit clumsy when it comes to these things)
I halved the recipe too, thinking that 48 would be way too much of a chocolate indulgence, but even the halved recipe made heaps. I made 43. However, halving the chocolate topping didn't give me enough to drizzle, unless I was drizzling to thickly (I don't care if I was! They are good!). I ended up making the topping according to the recipe and not halving it at all.
Next time I'll try either full fat peanut butter or adding more butter. I'm tossing up whether the do the chocolate topping too, because I really only like it because of the sweet peanut-y taste, the chocolate is just there. I think some little peanut butter/sugar squares would taste pretty good too
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You may wonder what the big hype is about exercising on a plane ride. What's wrong with settling in to your miniscule space and waiting out the flight? The problem is not so much a concern for shorter duration flights – say 1 -2 hours but as the flight times get longer, it's just like being sedentary. Your body's circulation gets affected, the muscles are kept in a set position (usually one which tightens the hamstrings and can lead to lower back issues) and become stiff and sore. You can get water retention in the legs leading to swollen feet and you could be at risk for developing blood clots (especially the lower legs), or even Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVP). I'm not saying you need to get out your spandex and pull a Jane Fonda or Richard Simmons in the aisle but it's important to aim to move your body at least once an hour.
Here are 6 exercises for the airplane:
1. If you can, get up and walk the aisles
2. Go to the back of the plane where there's a little more room and do side steps, bum kicks, high knees (all low impact of course) squats, lunges, and calf raises
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News
How to judge whether a battery is good or bad?
Batteries are common power sources and are used in various electronic devices. The quality of the battery directly affects the life and performance of the equipment. Therefore, before using the battery, it is necessary to inspect the battery to determine whether the battery is good or bad.
Except for open circuit, short circuit and broken cell slot, it is impossible to judge the quality of a battery by its appearance. It is necessary to conduct a discharge test to determine whether the battery is good or bad.
Discharge test method
There are many methods for discharge test, and the commonly used methods are constant current discharge test and constant power discharge test.
Constant current discharge test
The constant current discharge test refers to discharging the battery at a constant current and recording the voltage and time of the battery. According to the voltage and time curve of the battery, the capacity, internal resistance and other parameters of the battery can be calculated.
Constant power discharge test
The constant power discharge test refers to discharging the battery at a constant power and recording the voltage and time of the battery. According to the voltage and time curve of the battery, the capacity, internal resistance and other parameters of the battery can be calculated.
Precautions for discharge test
When conducting a discharge test, the following precautions should be taken:
The discharge current or power should be selected properly to avoid damaging the battery.
During the discharge process, pay attention to monitoring the voltage of the battery to avoid over-discharging the battery.
After the discharge test is over, the battery should be charged in time.
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Upside to morning sickness: Fewer miscarriages, stillbirths
Causes of morning sickness are uncertain but it has been linked with high hormone levels that occur early in pregnancy.
By LINDSEY TANNERAssociated Press
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CHICAGO — It's dreaded by moms-to-be but morning sickness is actually a good sign – for the baby, a government study shows, confirming common pregnancy lore and less rigorous research.
The cause of morning sickness is uncertain but it has been linked with high hormone levels that occur early in pregnancy. Piotr Marcinski/Shutterstock
Women with nausea early in pregnancy were half as likely to have miscarriages and stillbirths as those who sailed through the first few months. Miscarriages were also less common in women who had nausea plus vomiting, although the benefit was stronger for those who just had nausea.
Led by researchers at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the study involved almost 800 women who'd had at least one miscarriage and then became pregnant again. They were asked to record symptoms in daily diaries for the first eight weeks of pregnancy and in monthly questionnaires through the end of the first trimester.
Stefanie Hinkle, the lead author and a researcher at the national institute, called it the most rigorous study to date on the topic, but also noted that it's unclear if the results would apply to first-time pregnancies.
Results were published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine .
There were 188 miscarriages and stillbirths, affecting almost 1 in 4 pregnancies, which is similar to national estimates. More than 90 percent occurred in the first trimester.
Of the nearly 800 women in the study, 443 completed daily diaries, and just over half of them reported nausea by the eighth week of pregnancy, also similar to national estimates. About one in four had nausea and vomiting. The researchers then used statistical analyses to calculate that nausea alone, or nausea with vomiting, was linked with a 50 percent to 75 percent reduction in the risk of pregnancy loss.
Unlike some previous studies linking morning sickness with fewer miscarriages, the new research had data on women even before they became pregnant, so they were able to include miscarriages that occurred soon after conception. Some previous studies asked women months later to recall whether they had morning sickness — a weaker method than using daily diaries.
Causes of morning sickness are uncertain but it has been linked with high hormone levels that occur early in pregnancy. How it might reduce chances for miscarriages is also uncertain. Theories include the idea that nausea could make women avoid potentially harmful substances, including bacteria-contaminated food, which can increase risks for miscarriages.
Hinkle said the results should be reassuring to women concerned that morning sickness could be harmful. But she said unaffected women shouldn't be alarmed.
"Every pregnancy is different and just because they don't have symptoms doesn't mean they're going to have a pregnancy loss," Hinkle
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How was your experience?
ClearI hated itI didn't like itIt was OKI liked itI loved it!
What an absolute waste of time and effort!! It was like some really tacky flea market completely full of only two types of things: total junk jewelry and precious jewelry (there was nothing in between). I am not sure why they used the words "mineral" or "show" in the name, as this was nothing more than a big marketplace with jewelry. There was nothing to see and unless you wanted $10 junk or $500+ precious jewels there was absoluteloy nothing to do there - not a show and no minerals at all.
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How is our increasing use of mobile devices (Smartphones, tablets, etc.) impacting non-profits and membership organizations? We're hosting this month's Nonprofit Blog Carnival and we want submissions on mobile for non-profits.
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Aristarchus
The first of the Greek philosphers and mathematicians to unravel the
celestial plan and announce the discovery was Aristarchus of the isle
of Samos. Others before him assumed that the Earth is a sphere and that
it moves, but he was the first to formulate plainly the heliocentric theory,
the scheme which has the Sun in the center.
Aristarchus lived from about the year 310 before the present era to
about 230, and among the geometers he succeeded Euclid and preceded Archimedes.
In -288 or -287 he followed Theophrastus as the head of the Peripatetic
School established by Aristotle.
Aristarchus' only extant treatise is "On the Sizes and Distances
of the Sun and Moon." In it he calculated the diameter of the Sun
as about seven times the diameter of the Earth, thus estimating the Sun's
volume as about 300 times the volume of the Earth (the actual diameter
of the Sun is about 300 times the diameter of the Earth; the solar volume
is equal to 1,300,000 volumes of the Earth). In this work of Aristarchus
there is nothing indicating his heliocentric theory. It was probably this
his realization of the superior mass of the Sun that brought him to his
discovery. Or should a celestial body three hundred times larger than
the Earth revolve around it each day?
Aristarchus' book on the planetary system with the Sun in the center
did not survive, and we know of it only through references to its content,
chiefly by Archimedes. Archimedes, who was twenty-five years his junior,
wrote: "Aristarchus brought out a book consisting of certain hypotheses.
. . . His hypotheses are that the fixed stars and the Sun remain unmoved,
and that the Earth revolves about the Sun in the circumference of a circle,
the Sun lying in the middle of the orbit." He also added that according
to Aristarchus who is in contradiction to "the common account"
of astronomers, the universe is many times larger than generally assumed
by astronomers, and the fixed stars are at an enormous distance from the
Sun and its planets.(1)
Aristarchus regarded the Sun as one of the fixed stars, the closest to
the Earth. "Aristarchus sets the Sun among the fixed stars and holds
that the Earth moves round the sun's circle (i.e., ecliptic)"
referred another author, centuries later.(2)
As Archimedes said, the view of Aristarchus conflicted with the common
teaching of the astronomers, and he also quoted it only to put it aside
disapprovingly. One of the contemporaries of Aristarchus, Cleanthes, wrote
a treatise "Against Aristarchus." (3)
Whatever his scientific argument may have been, he accused Aristarchus
of an act of impiety. Plutarch wrote in his book Of the Face in the
Disc of the Moon(De facie in orbe lunae) that Cleanthes "thought
it was the duty of the Greeks to indict Aristarchus of Samos on the charge
of impiety for putting in motion the Hearth of the Universe, this being
the effect of his attempt to save the phenomena by supposing heaven to
remain at rest and the Earth to revolve in an oblique circle, while it
rotates, at the same time, about its own axis." (4)
We do not know whether there was any actual court action and verdict;
however, we know that a verdict of judges, even if unanimous, could not
make the Sun a satellite of the Earth. Not even a scientific tribunal
can do this, not even if it is presided over by Archimedes and the most
illustrious men of the generation sit as judges.
The spokesman of the scholarly world was Dercyllides, who announced
that "we must assert the Earth, the Hearth of the house of the Gods,
according to Plato, to remain fixed, and the planets with the whole embracing
heaven to move and reject the view of those who brought to rest the things
which move and set in motion the things which by their nature and position
are unmoved, such a supposition being contrary to the theories of mathematicians.(5)
Aristarchus had no followers in his generation, nor in the next generation.
About a century after Aristarchus, Seleucus, a Chaldean of Seleucia on
the Tigris, who lived and wrote about the year 150 before the present
era, adopted the teaching of Aristarchus.
Hipparchus was a contemporary of Seleucus. Hipparchus is thought to
be the greatest astronomer of antiquity, and even today there are worshippers
of his among the menbers of the faculties. But he rejected the heliocentric
system of Aristarchus, and this he did not on a religious ground, but
on a scientific one. A system with the Sun in the center of circular orbits
could not account for the peculiarities in the visible motions of the
planets, but the theory of epicycles could, and this theory had the Earth
immobile in the center of the universe.
Thus the religious dogma and the mathematical analysis, both, condemned
Aristarchus and his teaching that the Earth circles around the Sun.
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休息 simply means to rest, regardless the context. 轻松 can be used as a verb but more often is used as an adjective. (the characters literally mean "light" and "loose"). Here are a couple of sentences to give you the feel: 我要回家休息 - I will go home and rest. 我的工作今天比较轻松 - My work was relatively relaxed today.
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The MûÂconnais - a landscape of multiple reliefs
The winegrowing area of the Mâconnais is characterized by highly diverse subsoil that was formed around 200 million years ago. Bordered on east and west by the valleys of the Saône and the Grosne, the hills of the Mâconnais were created from an ensemble of ranges, separated by parallel faults. These geological nuances can be found in the palette of wines produced from two distinct ensembles.
ô
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Leaning towards the Saône, the hills of the Mâconnais form a succession of parallel blocks, interspersed by faults and limestone ridges. Overlooking the valley of the Grosne to the west, their jagged slopes look down over geological formations that are more than 150 million years old.
The terroir here is rich in calcium and ideal for growing the white Chardonnay grape varietal. In the south, the subsoil is silica-rich marl with chert limestone (siliceous concretions), and crinoidal limestone with sandstone outcrops. This terrain is home to varietals for making white wines and the Gamay grape.
Did you know ?
A symbolic feature of the Mâconnais, the Roche de Solutré has refused to succumb to erosion for millennia. It owes this resistance to crinoidal limestone. This extremely hard rock is a former coral massive, composed of the fossils of marine animals similar to sea urchins, formed 195 million years ago in a shallow, warm sea. This distinctive spur has, since then, looked down over the plots of Pouilly-Fuissé.
To the north of the MûÂconnais : lias and Oxfordian marl, revealed by erosion
From Tournus to Clessé, the outcrops are mainly of brown and calcic limestone. A legacy from the Middle Jurassic era, in places they are mixed with rendzina, a shallow soil formed by the weathering of the limestone bedrock. Combined with a favorable aspect and elevation, they result in an excellent location for Chardonnay. This combination, in the hands of the winegrowers of the Mâconnais, results in white wines with good keeping potential, which are rounded and sophisticated, such as the Viré-Clessé appellation.
ô
To the south of the MûÂconnais: a landscape of rocks and crinoidal chert
The Mâconnais reveals a different face from the village of Verzé. The south of the region has siliceous, sandy and clay soil, combined with chert (light limestone concretions) and sandstone pebbles. This has historically been a place where the red Gamay grape with its white juice has flourished. Today, this area on the southern edge of the Bourgogne winegrowing region is shared with white varietals.
The limestone cornices like Vergisson or Solutré are home to a production of rich, well-structured wines.
ô
Focus onã€Î
The vines of Pouilly-Fuissé and Saint-Véran, towards a Premier Cru classification
Since 2003, winemakers from Pouilly-Fuissé, Pouilly-Loché, Pouilly-Vinzelles and Saint-Véran have been campaigning for the recognition of a hierarchy in their production from the Institut National des Appellations et de la Qualité (INAO). The geological qualities of the various terroirs presented would see more than 400 hectares of vines reclassified as Premier Cru if their campaign is successful.
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Stable Diffusion configuration testing
Interactive guide to Stable Diffusion "steps" parameter
Generally speaking, the more steps you use, the better quality you'll achieve. But you shouldn't set steps as high as possible. It's all about the results you are trying to achieve.
First, let's briefly introduce the steps parameter in Stable Diffusion and diffusion models in general. Diffusion models are iterative processes – a repeated cycle that starts with a random noise generated from text input. With each step, some noise is removed, resulting in a higher-quality image over time. The repetition stops when the desired number of steps completes.
Around 25 sampling steps are usually enough to achieve high-quality images. Using more may produce a slightly different picture, but not necessarily better quality. In addition, the iterative nature of the process makes generation slow; the more steps you'll use, the more time it will take to generate an image. In most cases, it's not worth the additional wait time.
Below you can see single steps (1-40) used to generate a picture of the 'wolf in winter'. Stable Diffusion "guidance scale" parameter
How to use guidance scale in Stable Diffusion.
Simply put, the guidance scale (sometimes referred as cfg - classifier free guidance) is a parameter that controls how much the image generation process follows the text prompt. The higher the value, the more image sticks to a given text input.
But this does not mean that the value should always be set to maximum, as more guidance means less diversity and quality. using "seed" in Stable Diffusion
What is a seed in stable diffusion, and how to use it?
Seed in Stable Diffusion is a number used to initialize the generation. No need to come up with the number yourself, as it is randomly generated when not specified. But controlling the seed can help you generate reproducible images, experiment with other parameters, or prompt variations.
The most important thing about seed is that generations with the same parameters, prompt, and seed will produce precisely the same images. Thanks to that, we can generate multiple similar variations of the picture. Let's look up some examples.
With this base prompt: 'photograph of a wolf' and seed of 2042719899, we can modify generated images by changing words in prompts.
That's all there is to it! You now have a good understanding of the main important configurations in Stable Diffusion, and you're ready to start creating your own images. In the future, we'll be publishing guides on more advanced topics, such as inpainting editing, ControlNet, and using model checkpoints. Stay tuned for those, and happy creating!
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When Income Drops and Expenses Keep Coming (income_998)
Family Trouble
Programs are available throughout Nebraska to help meet the needs of families and children
When Income Drops and Expenses Keep Coming
Keeping Your Family First
If you are faced with a drop in income but expenses keep coming it will be important to plan very carefully.
* Make a list of current bills and due dates. Add any emergency needs such as a child's winter coat.
* Develop a list of community resources such as the food bank, resale stores, food stamps, reduced school lunches and heating assistance.
* Write a list of potential ways to add income. Do you have a skill you could use to add income? Can you sell or rent something, using the community bulletin boards, radio call-in shows, the "penny shopper," garage sales or consignment shops.
* Arrange to continue health insurance coverage. In times of stress, health insurance is even more important.
* Negotiate a payment plan with landlord or mortgage banker. Also talk to the utility company.
* Put the credit cards away. Try not to use them unless absolutely necessary.
* If you can't make the minimum payment on a credit card, call the company and arrange for reduced payments. Sending a reduced payment (as long as it's something) keeps you off the delinquent list of some credit card companies.
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Public Enemy Trailer (2002)
Ruthless cop Chul-joong and a merciless killer in raincoat run into each other in a small alleyway and form a fatal bond. A free-for-all fight occurs by coincidence on a rainy street. A week later, the dead bodies of an old couple are discovered with multiple stab wounds. Chul-joong suddenly recalls the night he met the man in the raincoat. Chul-joong meets the old couple's son CHO Gyoo-hwan. He has an intuition that CHO is the murder but has no clue. In the meantime, another murder takes place in the same fashion. The showdown between a dirty cop and a killer unfolds, as things get more personal.
Twenty-eight days after a killer virus was accidentally unleashed from a British research facility, a small group of London survivors are caught in a desperate struggle to protect themselves from the infected
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Passage des paroles "Rodeo (Remix)"
If I took you everywhere, then well, you wouldn't know how to walk
If I spoke on your behalf, then well, you wouldn't know how to talk
If I gave you everything and everything is what I bought
I can take it all back, I never cared 'bout what...
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How the Pentagon is preparing for climate change in each part of the world
Add to list
On my list
A helicopter crew working with the Coast Guard lowers a rescue swimmer into the Arctic Ocean during a joint search and rescue exercise near Oliktok Point, Alaska, on July 13. (Photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Grant DeVuyst/ Coast Guard)
The Pentagon made the case Wednesday that the locations in the world most prone to instability and bloodshed also are the ones where climate change has the greatest impact, and laid out details about how top regional commanders are preparing for it.
A report required by Congress covers a variety of climate issues affecting the military, noting how rising seas and severe weather can impact missions. But it also provides little-known details about how each geographic combatant command — a COCOM, in military-speak — is addressing climate change in the part of the world where they oversee operations.
"The National Security Strategy, issued in February 2015, is clear that climate change is an urgent and growing threat to our national security, contributing to increased natural disasters, refugee flows, and conflicts over basic resources such as food and water," the report said. "These impacts are already occurring, and the scope, scale, and intensity of these impacts are projected to increase over time."
In one specific example, U.S. European Command is preparing for more tourism and commerce in the Northern Sea Route, which runs through the Arctic along Russia's northern coast, the report said. The document specifically mentions a planned trip next year by the cruise ship Crystal Serenity through the notorious Northwest Passage, which runs from the Pacific to the Atlantic oceans and has previously trapped ships in ice. Northern Command, which includes Canada and the United States, has similar concerns about increased traffic in the area, and the risks that will ensue.
"Future Arctic offshore drilling will also create a resource demand and the need for emergency response, risk reduction measures, and environmental protections," the report said.
In the Middle East, U.S. Central Command has factored water scarcity into its campaign plans for the future. It also considers climate change when planning for humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and training alongside local militaries based in the region, the report said.
In Africa, standing plans for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief will be expanded to encourage countries on the continent to prepare better for climate change.
"U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM) assesses humanitarian crisis as the most likely climate-related risk within its [area of responsibility], foremost due to the impact that devastating events like drought and disease could have on vulnerable populations and on state stability in places already struggling with fragility and conflict," the report said.
In the Pacific, the U.S. military is developing a visual display tool that will overlay historical data on disasters with information on climates, populations, geography and resource scarcity to help with planning. It also is concerned about the resilience of Hawaii and its installations there, and is looking for ways to improve it, the report said.
Commanders in U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), which includes Central and South America and the Caribbean, said the military does not conduct separate climate-change planning, but conducts gap analysis with friendly countries in the region to help them prepare for the future. It also has requested funding from the Pentagon's Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster Assistance, and Civic Aid budget to preposition equipment under SOUTHCOM's control when a severe storm threats Haiti.
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Routing Pecan Scab -- Protecting a Popular Nut
Sweet, tasty pecans remain one of the most popular foods native to North America. Last year, U.S. consumers ate 134 million pounds of them.
But this staple of pies and ice cream and other confections faces a tiny, yet powerful enemy: pecan scab disease. If unstopped, the fungus can destroy a crop, forcing food companies to import pecans to meet demand.
Agricultural Research Service scientists Bruce W. Wood and Charles C. Reilly are doing their part to ensure that consumers have an adequate supply of pecans. Wood, a horticulturist, and Reilly, a plant pathologist, work at the ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory in Byron, Georgia. There, they are developing new strategies to combat pecan scab and protect this native nut crop.
Wood, who heads the Byron lab, says two of the main advances leading to the U.S. pecan industry's success have been the introduction of fungicides and airblast spray technology for quickly and effectively dispersing pesticides throughout an orchard.
"We're studying ways to build and improve on these advances,"he says. "The approaches have quadrupled yields and boosted farmers' profits. But they've also increased operating costs, at a time when wholesale prices for pecans have declined. So we're developing ways to effectively control scab while reducing spraying costs and minimizing environmental impact."
Pecan scab, caused by the fungus Cladosporium caryigenum, is generally the most damaging pecan disease. Discovered on pecans in 1888, it started to become a problem in the early 1900s, when farmers first domesticated the crop.
Scab attacks the foliage, twigs, and developing fruit. The disease causes lesions to appear on leaves as small, charcoal gray to black, concentric circles. Severe infection causes defoliation, fruit abortions, and poorly filled fruit, thus reducing yields. It is active throughout the growing season and, if left unchecked, can cause near total crop losses.
If unchecked, lesions like these caused by pecan scab can lead to tree defoliation and reduced yields. (K8127-1)
The disease continues to be a problem, particularly for the primary commercial pecan tree varieties --Desirable, Schley, and Stuart --grown in the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and east Texas, where the climate is generally moist. Pecan scab is not a problem in arid western regions, like New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Overall, it costs pecan growers at least $22 million each year in losses and control costs.
Holding the Threat at Bay
Current scab control strategies often require 9 to 11 fungicide sprays per season. Growers typically spray first when leaves begin to emerge from swelling buds, around the first or second week in April.
But scientists have found that young leaves emerging from breaking buds in the spring are not vulnerable to scab. It is after the leaves have grown for about 10 to 14 days that foliage becomes susceptible, Reilly says.
"This means that growers can abbreviate their spray schedule by eliminating or delaying the typical first spray. This could save about $15 to $18 an acre in control costs and also cut pesticide use."
Reilly says weather conditions are the driving force in scab infection and that the disease worsens during periods of high rainfall. "We're developing new predictive spray methods, so growers can potentially reduce costs and pesticide use by cutting the spray schedule during dry years,"he says.
Grower complaints of substantial crop losses to scab --even though their orchards received several fungicide sprays per year --have raised suspicions about emerging scab resistance to fungicides.
"We haven't been able to prove increased resistance,"says Reilly. "But we have discovered major deficiencies in the timing and techniques of fungicide application that may give the false impression of resistance."
To the scientists' surprise, Reilly says, they discovered the disease protection from fungicides only lasts about half as long as the 2 to 3 weeks previously assumed. "Standard control strategies traditionally used in commercial orchards leave developing fruit unprotected from scab about half of the time,"says Reilly.
A second discovery was that the approximate 4-day kickback activity --the fungicide's ability to kill scab after infection --was closer to being nonexistent for most fungicides, under commercial field conditions.
"This new information will allow growers to adjust spray strategies to spray orchards quickly once infective conditions develop, or to spray before conditions are right for the disease to take hold,"Reilly says
Better Spray Coverage
A major scab control problem for pecan growers is the time required to spray an entire orchard. Airblast sprayers typically used in orchards carry 500 or 1,000 gallons of fungicide, travel about 2 miles an hour, and deliver about 100 gallons of spray per acre. This restricts spray coverage to about 75 acres a day. Many commercial pecan orchards are over 400 acres and require more than one airblast sprayer to protect the crop in a timely manner.
This new nozzleless sprayer uses one-half to two-thirds less spray to achieve superior coverage and penetration of the tree canopy. (K8125-1)
To measure fungicide application, the researchers studied how much and where spray materials were being deposited in the trees, some of which are up to 70 feet tall.
"We discovered that a primary reason for poor scab control was uneven coverage,"says Wood. "The top third of the tree receives very little spray, and coverage of the lower two-thirds is often excessive."The scientists concluded that contemporary spray equipment contributes to scab-related losses because foliage and fruit are often poorly covered by pesticides.
Wood and Reilly are evaluating a new nozzleless sprayer developed by Michigan State University researchers that will allow for improved protection against disease and insect pests. The sprayer penetrates the tree canopy better, while reducing spray volumes by one-half to two-thirds.
"Preliminary evaluation of this new spray technology for pecans appears highly promising,"says Reilly. "The strategy includes use of an atomizer that creates uniform droplet size, giving superior penetration of fungicides carried by a high-energy airstream into the tree canopy. The nozzles on traditional sprayers either clog up or wear out, causing a need for frequent inspection and replacement.
"On average, growers produce about 286,000 million pounds of pecans per year,"Reilly says. "They're very excited about having new scab control strategies that lessen crop losses and save money, while reducing pesticide usage." --By Tara Weaver, Agricultural Research Service Information Staff
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.hack// Fan Translation Resource
Chapter 07: Net Slum
It is a place which ended up functioning as a sort of town, where corrupt area data and various bugs gather and wander to evade debugging, and hackers and cheaters assemble.
This town of junk existed in "The World" from the beginning. It was said to have already been arranged to look as it did in the "R:1" era of a decade or so ago, and even before this, there were talks of sightings of it by the testers for "fragment, "the beta version of "The World." Like in the legend of El Dorado, through the ages, it continues to be a "paradise" for the people who love illegalities and lawlessness.
Even if by chance the game's operation was suspended and "The World" ended, Net Slum may go on existing as it always has in cyberspace for eternity.
On a part of the crumbling wall which encircled the town, handwriting had been added, and graphics had seemingly been scribbled in paint.
The trash heap of the world! Welcome to the domain of delinquent hackers and cheats!
At the gate placed in the centre of the dump, a single PC transferred in.
It was a middle-aged man. He wore rustic goggle-glasses and his face was unshaven. He had on a colourless and worn-out coat. For some reason, a houseplant was growing on top of the aviator's cap he wore on his head.
He was an information-dealer. Permanently residing in Net Slum, he made a living by stealing and selling illegal data for real money. He was a brilliant hacker.
He walked down to the square and began to walk towards the modified @HOME made by a transformed guild system—a coffee shop which contained his headquarters.
When he turned the corner of the main street, someone was there, standing in his way.
He thought it was a new hacker, because he was unfamiliar with this PC, but he felt like he had seen this person before.
"Yo. Long time no see. How've you been?" said the new figure.
In order to support his own insight as an information-dealer, this man came to talk to people in a strangely over-familiar tone. The moment the first figure heard the voice, a wave of ominous sensations overwhelmed him.
"I've been waiting for you to come. For two years? Or maybe three? Well, I'm so relieved to finally meet with a former acquaintance," said the new figure.
In regards to his appearance in "The World", the man wore an mismatching shirt, necktie, and suspenders. On his right eye was a monocle. Due to his outward appearance, it was impossible to tell his profession. It is possible to say that the informant himself was personally included among the inhabitants of Net Slum.
"I've been looking for the skill of a good information-dealer for a long time. Is that you by any chance? Hehe. I hate to ask, but I could use a little help."
The man formed a smile, like a long and narrow stick was in his mouth――perhaps a stick of candy was shifting back and forth.
In the instant he saw this stick of candy, the information-dealer realized who the man standing before him was.
That's right. This guy was "Flugel."
"Eeeeep!"
With a great yelp, he jumped back into the nearby back-alley. He tumbled on to the road on the other side, got his foot caught in a pile of garbage laid at a bend in the road, freed himself, then ran off with all his might.
As he ran through the labyrinthine path, he reached the entrance to the @HOME, targeted it, selected the guild-key from his item-window, and took it in his hand.
After a moment, he slipped inside the hideout.
The calm atmosphere of the dimly-lit jazz café ushered the information-dealer inside, his momentary panic subsided, and a feeling of calm returned in his chest.
He felt safe now that he was inside the confines of the @HOME. A person who did not hold a pass item such as a "Guild Key" or a "Guest Key" absolutely could not enter. Net Slum was "modding heaven," to say nothing of this place. For those in the trade, security against the rising skill of hackers cost double or even triple.
Why did this man Flugel appear here right now? He didn't know and didn't want to know. This is what he thought as he stood waiting. From now on, for a little while at least, he ought to be careful about returning to Net Slum. No, he ought to refrain from logging into "The World" altogether.
At that moment, there was a clicking sound at the back of the shop.
The information-dealer was startled and his body stiffened. Someone was there. There was a person sitting on a stool at the farthest end of the counter.
"Ah, by any chance did you switch occupations? Did you become a café manager? If that's what you want, why not go for it, right? But, I don't get a good feeling from this shop," he said to his old friend.
As Flugel went on chattering endlessly, the information-dealer knew immediately that he had to shake him off as soon as possible.
Steam rose up from a coffee cup placed in front of Flugel.
Flugel took the cup in his hand, brought it to his lips and made a "sipping motion", then placed it back on its saucer. It made a clinking sound.
"I didn't know you like Jazz. As a matter of fact, I like it too, it has a lovely ambiance. We might get along well after all, eh?"
His inflection at the 'eh?' was very clear. Hehehe, he snickered.
The information-dealer sank down to the floor. This guy was on a different level of hacking skills. How did he possibly get inside? How did he possibly produce that coffee-data?
"What's with you? How did you get in here?!" cried out the information-dealer, thrusting his finger at Flugel.
"Arrrgh, I hate it when you show up unannounced!"
Around the time that "The World R:X" service began, there was a period where the worth of user rights strangely rose in price. Hacker groups emerged to take over the corners of Net Slum and keep control, and they began to use cheat-programs to illegally copy user-registration information and buy and sell Player-Character-bodies.
In those days the information-dealer was already an intermediate player in the trade, setting up shop near the group's headquarters and trying to avoid getting involved as much as possible. He felt that the scope of the illegal act was far too big. He stayed away from the really dangerous jobs. He'd just barely scratched the surface. This is his lifestyle.
His intuition was right. Before long a group, frolicking like a circus troupe, raided and destroyed a hacker group's safe house.
The members of the hacker guild totalled about 50 people. Those who had confidence in their skills ambushed the assailants. Some of them tampered with their PC bodies and gained "semi-immortal" status. However, the circus troupe's strength was no laughing matter, and these tricks were not enough.
It was a disaster for the information-dealer, and there was this evil man with brown skin and brown eyes. This guy took out a huge machine gun – a machine gun in a fantasy world? That's right, it was surely a machine gun―he started shooting indiscriminately at the people around. The bullets rained down upon the "semi-immortal" hackers and there was nothing they could do about it. Their guild headquarters was filled with more holes than swiss cheese.
The bullets soared up to the information-dealer's shop which was located a little ways up the street, effortlessly pierced the interior data of the outer wall graphic, and shook in an odd manner. Valuable information stored in a cloud-storehouse was blown to smithereens. It was merely collateral damage. The information-dealer's real stomach began to hurt as he remembered the incident.
They were somehow able to recover the data through backup files, and were left to spend a large amount of time and resources rebuilding the ruined security system which had been riddled by bullets. The hackers' pride was torn to shreds as the wall of defence that they were more confident about than anything else was calmly broken through.
The person at the helm of the circus troupe's command was Flugel. He knew after a while that they were a hacker group hired semi-officially.
"That's right, now I remember. You said you'd take care of the damages, didn't you? You still owe me for that!" shouted the information-dealer.
Flugel tried to avert his eyes from any signs of trouble while he approached the person shouting at him.
"No way. Since when did I say something like that? What hour, what minute, what second?"
"You old* punk! You definitely said that you'd reimburse me for my storehouse!"
Flugel had had a habit of of just coming around to the information-dealer for things like mass observation of "R:X", in short, he needed underlings to do reconnaissance. However, eventually the contact became estranged, and soon was lost altogether. Though the compensation was not what it used to be, this time he was relieved that the burdensome relationship was finally over.
"OK, I get it. I'll pay you later. I'll get it all after I finish this job I'm doing. How does that sound?"
"No. Pay me first. If you don't, we'll have to have a little chat. You can absolutely count on that. Now please leave."
Taking a seat on the bed, the dealer looked away. Little by little he regained his composure after he spoke. He didn't think he'd be back to dragging out a former contract, but he decided to refuse to become emotional here. This was thoroughly dangerous. This was his lifestyle.
"Absolutely? Count on it? If I don't pay you the money first?"
Flugel removed the candy from his mouth.
"Well, if I pay you the money first, you can absolutely count on it, can't you?" said Flugel.
"Uh?"
"Please check your bank account. I just made a deposit."
The dealer couldn't believe what Flugel just said. He was at a loss for words. Staring at Flugel's face, the dealer opened an invisible secret window and saw his bank account. A deposit had been made. Inside was an amount people don't often get to see.
"There's… there's so much!" said the dealer.
No. More important than that, how did he figure out the bank and account number?
"I just thought I'd sweeten it a little. I added in the interest I owe you for keeping you waiting so long."
Flugel put the candy back in his mouth and joined his hands with an unnatural popping sound.
"This has been a very lovely chat. You should consider me a friend. Listen, let's sit down. How about we have a toast with coffee?" said Flugel.
He suddenly stretched out his hand and tapped on the counter for his companion to sit next to him. He took out a steaming cup of coffee seemingly from nowhere, and placed it on the table with a clinking noise.
The dealer realized he had been placed in a position where he could not refuse the offer. This man had brought new work, and he had no choice but to assume the responsibility. Could he feign ignorance? Perhaps run away with the money or log out? It was no good. There was no escape.
He made up his mind. The dealer stood up with a sigh and sat down on a stool next to Flugel.
"Alright. Fine, sir," said the dealer quietly.
"What should I be looking into?" asked the dealer.
"Lately there have been rumours going around 'The World.' I want you to find everything you can that includes the following words: 'Computer virus,' 'rat,' and 'Geist.'"
"Is that all?"
"That's everything."
"Huh? Those are extremely vague terms," said the information-dealer somewhat anticlimactically.
"If you're talking about computer viruses, there are countless types just from the former 'R:1' alone. As for rats and Geist, are they some sort of monsters? That's it, isn't it? If you're talking about rats, there may be a 'monster invasion.' There may be a scenario where a giant rat-monster from the sea attacks Mac Anu. You wouldn't want something like that, would you?"
"No. But I'm more dangerous."
"How so?"
"I've left dead people in the real world."
The dealer was too frightened to answer.
"Well… even if I did…" added Flugel.
The dealer kept his voice low as he spoke:
"Hey. This is a really troubling talk. It's not my style to get involved in such things."
"That's okay," said Flugel stiffly.
"I'm not really dangerous," he added.
"Hey, didn't you just say you were dangerous?"
"I am and I'm not. Just a little."
"Which is it?!"
Flugel took the coffee cup in hand, put it to his mouth and made a "sipping motion."
"Ah, I have to be honest with you. If this investigation brings up anything dangerous, you don't know me."
"Huh?"
What was this man proposing?
"However, there was a man who thought there was some significance, so he hired me for a lot of money. Therefore, I wanted to ask a pro like you. I want you to sift through the information with that sense of smell of yours," said Flugel, who got up from his chair and began to walk towards the exit of the @HOME.
"If you have any prospects for me, please give me a message. It's been a while since I gave out my member-address," Flugel added.
"Ah. Umm, hey!" said the information-dealer, facing Flugel's back.
"Just one thing I want to be clear about. Are you a system admin now? Or are you a hacker? Which is it? What are you?" said the dealer.
Flugel looked back for a moment.
"I'm just Flugel."
He exited the café.
END OF CHAPTER
Translator's Notes: *The original line literally read "Showa-era punk." The Showa Era was from 1926-1989. I decided to translate it as old, because, in 2023, anyone born before 1989 would be at least 34 years old, hence, middle-aged. Therefore, Ryuuji is at least 34 and is essentially being called old by the information-dealer. It is assumed that the dealer is younger, possibly in his twenties.
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...Witnesses summoned before the board shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States, and witnesses whose...same, shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for 632 like services in the courts of the United States. Witness fees and mileage, and fees...
...are paid witnesses in United States f. , , TT . , ° j -. courts. tlie courts of the United otates, and witnesses whose depositions are taken and the...same shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in the courts of the United States. incriminating No person shall be excused...
...summoned before the commission shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in tbe courts of the United States, and witnesses whose depositions...the party at whose instance the witnesses appear. VIII. TIME FOB TAKING TESTIMONY Upon the joining of issue in a proceeding by the commislson the examination...
...the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the Courts of the United States, and. \\itnesses whose depositions are taken, and the persons taking...courts of the United States. Witness fees and mileage, and fees of persons designated to take depositions, shall be paid by the party at., whose instance...
...Secretary or any of his examiners shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States, and witnesses whose...same shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like service in the courts of the United States. (g) No person shall be excused from attendingshall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United Stales, and witnesses whose depositions are taken and the...same shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in the courts of the United States. Witnesses shall be paid by the party...
...Witnesses summoned before the Commission shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States, and witnesses whose...Witness fees and mileage shall be paid by the party at \\ instance the witnesses appear. VIII. TIME FOR TAKING TESTIMONY Upon the joining of issue in a proceeding...
...United States. Witnesses whose depositions are taken, and the persons taking such depositions, shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid...courts of the United States. Witness fees and mileage, and fees for depositions, shall be paid by the party at whose instance witnesses appear. RULE XVIII....
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as it puts both aspects of a single concept ("what values of i do
I loop over?") together.
I would consider it two concepts: (1) you're looping over the values
range(0, 10) and (2) skipping over values in range(2, 8).
What if you loop over the values in the range(0, 10) but skip all of
the odd numbers? Is that two concepts too? Because we have an easy way
to spell that: range(0, 10, 2). Why should a disjointed range be
fundamentally different? It's one concept: looping over all the values
from 0 to 10 that aren't between 2 and 8.
Until we reach the bottom of the block, we can't be sure that the
condition isn't
if i not in range(2, 8): ...
else: ...
which by the way suggests that this suggested syntax would be ambiguous:
Do you have this problem with comprehensions? No. Why not? Because you
can't put an "else" when you're using "if" to filter a condition.
Seems pretty straight-forward to me.
I do think that filtering would be a useful feature to have, but for
ranges, the best way IMO is to change the thing you're iterating over.
It's not that hard to devise a range-like object that supports
subtraction; I whipped up a quick demo above. You could make it
possible to subtract one range from another, or whatever suits your
purpose, and ultimately, you'd still end up with the basic "for value
in iterable:" syntax, just with a more detailed iterable.You are correct that it gives the same practical result as the single
step:
1. loop over the values in the range(0, 10, 2)
but that's okay. There are many operations which are functionally
equivalent (they give the same results) but are conceptually different:
* the number of days in a week;
* the average of 6 and 8;
* a quarter of 28;
* the fourth prime number;
* the number of Dwarves in the story of Snow White;
* the number of Deadly Sins in christian theology;
* the number of examples I used to illustrate this.
As a programmer, you of course are perfectly entitled to change your
code to a functionally equivalent but conceptually distinct operation,
if you care more about the results than how you get the results.
(E.g. loop unrolling changes something which is conceptually a loop into
something which is conceptually *not* a loop, since they are
functionally equivalent.)So why should it be fundamentally different to apply conditions?
Surely that's just another form of subsetting?do you still think that's conceptually a single operation?
"Process the URLs I want, duh!"But I don't see a problem with filtered iteration. We currently have a
very clunky way of spelling it ("for url in (x for x in iterable if
cond):"), and Python is perfectly happy to do this. There are plenty
of times when it would make very good sense to consider the condition
to be part of the iterable downRemember that list comprehensions aren't about saving a line of code. We
often split comprehensions over multiple lines to make them more
readable. Comprehensions are about making an *expression*.Or certain Reddit posts. Seriously guys, we don't have a shortage of
punctuation, it's okay to use the stuff!Stop thinking in terms of "saving lines", because that's not the
point. It's always possible to write things on more lines, more
indents, and fewer details per line. In fact, you can use dis.dis() to
show you a MUCH longer form of the same code. We don't write assembly
code, not because we need to use fewer lines, but because higher level
constructs *better express thoughts*.
If you think in terms of "iterate over this, check this condition, do
this if it's true", then the correct way to write it is the way you
show: a for loop, an if statement, and the block of code.
If you think in terms of "iterate over this subset and do this", then
the correct way to write it is as a single iteration with a filter.
Of course, sometimes we don't have the syntax that will let us write
things the most elegant way possible. But that's why we're talking on
python-ideas - we're discussing ways to make the language better, more
expressive, more efficient, etcYes - that's the problem with the current way of spelling it. It's an
entire additional loop, a lot of junk in the source code ("x for x" is
utterly pointless here), and in current implementations, an entire
layer of function call and generator. That's why filtered iteration
with its own keyword *would* be of value.
If you could simply write:
for url in iterable if cond:
then (a) it wouldn't have two layered loops, (b) it wouldn't pretend
that you can attach an else clause to the if, (c) it clearly expresses
the concept of "filtered iteration". Unfortunately, it also becomes
annoyingly ambiguous with "for url in iterable if cond else
otheriterable:", which is perfectly legal syntax (although I can't
imagine many situations where you'd want that). That was resolved for
comprehensions, so maybe that wouldn't even be a problem.
My point is that filtered iteration is basically a change to the thing
you're iterating over - it is NOT a change to the body of the loop. It
belongs on the loop header. In some cases, like the OP's example, it
could be done with an actual iterable; in other cases, less so; but it
still belongs with the iterable.
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Table S4. Importance of primary regions of diversity of agricultural crops in contribution to regional food supplies [as measured in contribution of crops to calories (kcal/capita/day), protein (g/capita/day), fat (g/capita/day), and food weight (g/capita/day),] and total regional agricultural production [production quantity (tonnes), harvested area (ha), and production value (million US$)], averaged over years 2009-2011. Regional food supplies values (kcal or g, /capita/day) were formed by deriving a population-weighted average of national food supplies values across countries comprising each region. Regional production values were formed by summing national production values across countries comprising each region. Importance was estimated by grouping the contribution of consumed/produced crops by their primary regions of diversity. As some crops pertain to more than one primary region of diversity, total values across all primary regions per consuming/producing region is not equivalent to total per capita food supply/ total agricultural production values per consuming/producing region. Percentages provide a comparison of the relative importance of primary regions in contribution to the food supply/total production of each region.
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So I've been trying to find people to RP with for the last year or so, and most of these times I've been ignored or not acknowledged at all.
I wanted to basically point out the Gold and Glory Gala last night, I came on three different characters and tried to approach people, but only got ignored. Everyone and their cliques were in the corners keeping amongst themselves.
I was there for an hour, not one acknowledgement. This is messed up. How are we supposed to make friends if we get ignored the whole time? Or maybe it's just me and how I must be a terrible person.
I think we've all had similar experiences and it's admittedly disheartening and discouraging, and while it's easier said than done, try to keep your chin up. Over the last couple of weeks (or months maybe, time usually escapes my notice) I've contacted a few people here on RPC only to be blatantly ignored or brushed off. While everyone's entitled to writing and socializing as they see fit, I do agree that going to a public event to shoal up in a corner with your immediate circle is... kinda silly. Especially if the RP they're conducting is publically, which naturally invites others to join in.
Either way I'm sorry that you had a rough night at the Gala, but don't let it keep you from trying again. Not everyone will turn you aside and to be honest anyone who does wasn't someone you wanted to associate with anyway. Now, in their defense, it's always possible they missed your post—but that's playing the devil's advocate and something I'm not really fond of doing, anyway. Three different people/groups missing your post and attempt to jump into their RP just says otherwise.
Things will look up if you keep at it! And while this won't remedy the situation, you and I could always try to discuss some potential RP together and see if we could work things out between schedules, characters, etc. Either way I do wish you the best of luck!My suggestion here is pretty straightforward. This community is positively massive- you have a lot of options to reaching out and networking. Even different events have different mini-communities built up around them, so a poor experience at one event may fly in the face of a great experience at a totally different one. If the well is dry in one area, move to another and try there instead!
Making character connections is honestly a full-time job as much as RP'ing is- you just have to keep trying, not lose hope about it, be patient, and over time you'll make the connections you want. Don't give up!
I will say that they might just not have seen it. My FC and I all went into an LS we had set up after twenty minutes of trying to combat the chat scroll - and I for one turned say off entirely because it was giving me a headache. I doubt I'm the only person who did this either. I'm sorry you felt ignored but given the circumstances of the Gala last night you might not actually have been. Even when I don't turn off say at these events the chat scroll is so bad that I have to use coping mechanisms to even pay attention to the people around me., So I focus on three names and have to ask everyone else to poke me when they post. It's not ideal but I know people who are legitimately only looking for one or TWO names and can't handle anyone rocking up on top of that.
One of the reasons I stopped going to events. I have not actually gone to an event and tried to initiate rp in years because this, among other things, is the norm. Now, I work from the shadows, gathering information on who to bother even trying to contact, and I make a move once I'm reasonabily satisfied it's worth pursuing, be it a FC, linkshell, or just a connection. It's the only way I've been able to survive as an rper this long. It sucks, but it's what I've felt I had to do to continue.
The problem gets compounded because the small amount of competent roleplayers (that's roleplayers, not storytellers. There's a difference) around tend to be jaded by the sort of thing you encountered, and it becomes even harder for those who do venture out to find anything.
Instead of trying to reach every single person with a shotgun, consider the single target approach of PMing one person at a time with the sniper rifle.
Also. You attempted RP at an event where most people will relegate say to another chat window and/or turn it off entirely due to the potential spam. That's why you have to use other chat mediums (Hello PMs) because then they can get your message.
(This message brought to you by someone who did Grindstone playing/management more than a few times)
People not responding to you at a big event is, in my experience, always because they didn't see your emote.
Either because it scrolled off their screen too quickly, because they have /say muted as those above described, or because they're mentally tracking the chatlog for the names of the people they're talking to and anything from anyone else is being discarded by their subconscious as not relevant.
This game doesn't have speech bubbles. It's impossible to tell if someone saying "excuse me, do you know where the buffet is" is stood next to you or stood 50 feet away - not without like 10 seconds of panning the camera around looking for their nameplate (and maybe not even seeing it if you have a cap set on character model loading!). If the chatscroll is bad, that means 10 seconds of sacrificing watching the chatlog for names... and almost certainly missing an emote from someone you were already having a conversation with, meaning that conversation will grind to a halt. I think most people will assume you're talking to someone else just for the sake of their own sanity.
People not responding to you at a huge event =! cliques are ruining the community. It's like if you're at a loud, crowded party, you say "hello" to people, and they don't respond - you're assuming it's because they deliberately ignored you, whereas the chances are 99% that they just didn't hear you and weren't aware you were trying to catch their attention to start with.
Try a whisper (like a tap on the shoulder, since for most people it makes an actual noise). If they still don't respond, assume they're busy, not that they've made a conscious choice to ignore you.
If you start assuming the worst of your fellow RPers, you're digging yourself a pit that's incredibly difficult to climb out of again - and that few people will want to join you in.
There were like sixty people all typing in /say at once at the Gala; like everyone else has said, your walk up message is going to be missed unless you send a tell. Hell, unless you were emoting in my face, I'd miss any /say directed at me. Try a smaller tavern event like Coeurl's Whisker instead. Strike up a conversation with others who sit with you. Also check people's search info for something like "walk ups welcome", not everyone has the courage to talk to randoms at events.See, unlike you, I actually have to approach people to let them know I exist. I've made all different types of characters over 20+, just trying to get people to notice me and accept me into their rp groups. I probably have spent over 100 dollars on fantasias and name changes alone. It's always different reasons: If you play a miqo'te you're a slut, if you play an Au Ra you're weeb trash. If you play an lalafell, you're not taken seriously. If you play a midlander, you're boring and unoriginal. These are the many conflicts I have that I've heard from others when I make my characters. I can't find that niche.
assuming "it feels bad (to not get responded to), therefore it must be bad (I must be doing something wrong, or people must hate me/my character)".
assuming complex reasoning ("there must be something wrong with my character", "they must have decided not to talk to anyone outside their clique") behind coincidental circumstances (not being responded to) without evidence to support that reasoning.
assuming that because something has been a certain way in the past (people not reaching out to you for RP) that it will continue to be that way until something changes drastically, and therefore that as soon as something looks not-amazing (people not responding at a big event) that it means it's going to be this way forever
Unfortunately, the solution to these assumptions lies not in other people, but in your own mind.
To be completely blunt, it's unfair to expect people - strangers especially - to cater to these assumptions. They don't know you, they have no investment in you as a person, and they have no reason to go out of their way to combat the negative paradigm you've come up with.
Like - if you start trying to RP with someone, and as soon as you talk to them OOCly they start going on about how terrible the RP community is and how much trouble they've had and how it must be because everyone's cliquey but you're not like that, it puts immense pressure on you right off the bat! You know as soon as you're ill or tired, they're going to take that as a personal slight. It's exhausting, and it's more than most people can be reasonably expected to do.
You need to have confidence in yourself, and in other people.
You need to have confidence that the character you're playing is solid, and maybe they're not everyone's cup of tea, but you're proud of it and that's what matters. You need to have confidence that if someone else doesn't like the character, that's their choice, and not something that reflects on the quality of your stuff.
You need to have confidence that most people, most of the time, aren't malicious towards strangers; and that most people, most of the time, are fairly happy to meet new people. If they aren't, it's not due to something wrong with you or some huge community-wide malaise, but due to individual circumstances - they're sick IRL, they're distracted by their kids/pets/etc, they're tired after a long day at work, they're having the same anxieties as you.
The Gala in truth is a horrible example due to the combat scroll. I had to ask for reposts from people quite often because I missed it. Smaller events or just basic out in the world RP would be best to try and make contacts. That said, I often slide out in to the world IC so if you ever run in to me I would be happy to rp with you. Hell, we can set up a meeting if need be. There are also smaller events that you can go to (D20 holds a tavern night every other Friday which we end up having the same people come and RP due to how simple and /non chat scrolly/ it can get. You are more then welcomed to come along. It is opened to all afterall!
Another thing; Play what the hell you want to play! Don't worry about sterotypes. Plenty of people play Miqo'te that aren't sluts, Au Ra that aren't Weebs, Roe and Highlander females that aren't Futas. Play what you feel comfortable with and what you have fun doing.
...You know. This thread needs an explanation of the "Push and Pull" methodology for connections. But not a textbook example. Something special.
Heavy Disclaimer: This is after you settled on a character you want to RP with.
Now, let me be like the RP world's Saitama. Alright? Cool.
100 WALKUPS! 100 PMs! 100 CONNECTIONS! THEN WRITE 10 THOUSAND WORDS!
EVERY. SINGLE. DAY!
And of course make sure you say hello each day. Just a quick "Good morning" is fine. But the most important thing is to never use the P/F and spam during the private and public RP seasons so that you can strengthen your resolve.
In the beginning you'll wish you were dead. You might start thinking "What's the harm in taking a day off?" But for you, in order to be a strong roleplayer, no matter how tough it was, even if you start sleeping at your desk, you never stop.
You keep making connections even when your arms are so heavy they refuse to type. Even when your arms start making weird clicking noises, you keep doing walkups.
A year and a half later, you start to notice a difference. You are jaded. And you have become popular!
In other words, you gotta RP like hell to the point where you started becoming jaded.
That's the only way to become popular.
The roleplayers that are fooling around at the Quicksand and wallflower junk will never make it this far. Roleplayers are strong because we have the ability to change ourselves.
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In automotive usage, a lead sled is a standard production automobile with a body heavily modified in particular ways (see below); especially, though not exclusively, a 1949, 1950 or 1951 model year Ford 'Shoebox' or Mercury Eight car.
How much did a 49 Mercury cost?
Vehicle Valuation Analysis
Bodystyles
Median Sale
Convertible
$60,000
Coupe
$31,450
Sport Sedan
$15,210
Station Wagon
$89,925
Who makes a 51 Mercury?
For 1949, Mercury introduced its first postwar model line. The first Mercury of the combined Lincoln-Mercury Division, the Mercury Eight now shared its body with the Lincoln (instead of the Ford)….Third generation (1949–1951)
Third generation
Height
64.8 in (1,646 mm)
Curb weight
3,500–4,000 lb (1,600–1,800 kg)
How much is a 50 Mercury worth?
How much is a 1950 Mercury coupe worth?
Bodystyles
Median Sale
Monterey Coupe
$36,500
Sport Sedan
$16,734
Station Wagon
$143,000
When did the Mercury sled become popular?
The 1949-1951 Mercury models, sometimes referred to as 'lead sleds' were highly popular with customizers and rodders. They were also popular with actors, such as James Dean, who drove a 1949 Mercury in the 1950 movie Rebel Without a Cause and Sylvester Stallone who drove a 1950 Mercury in the 1984 movie Cobra.
What generation is a mercury from 1949-1951?
Mercury's from 1949-1951 are often referred as the third generations who were made popular from films such as Rebel Without a Cause (1955) American Graffiti (1973) Grease (1978) and more. In the James Dean film "Rebel without a Cause" he drove a Black Mercury that was hopped-up portraying the cool teenagers of the era.
What kind of motor does a 1949 Mercury coupe have?
LS1 V8, 700R4 AUTO, A/C, PS/B, FRT DISC You're looking at the ultimate lead sled. This 1949 Mercury coupe has the classic low and sleek lines you love, but you can also tell there's something much more going on here. It's a true modern cruiser with a fuel-injected LS1 motor, overdrive transmission, and a luxury A/C interior.
What is the best 1950 Mercury full custom build?
This is Ruby she is a full custom 1950 Mercury the best full custom build. Her pictures speak for her self. Call with questions or more pictures on request. This is a high end build show car. Built by Street Rods By Mike and is being finished and for sale.
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d4e1cba380ad4e4fa2aedfd1c20feed7
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Is Ivanchuk better than Carlsen?
In 2016, Ivanchuk won the World Rapid Chess Championship in Doha, Qatar, with a score of 11/15. He defeated Carlsen, among many others. In recent years, Ivanchuk has started playing checkers and has achieved a certain level of success.
How old is Ivanchuk?
52 years (March 18, 1969)
Vasyl Ivanchuk/Age
What is Garry Kasparov worth?
Net Worth & Salary of Garry Kasparov in 2021 As of August 2021, Garry Kasparov has an estimated net worth of around $6 million. He acquired his high level of wealth from being a successful chess player and holding the world championship for a long time.
How good is Vassily Ivanchuk?
It had 14 world-class grandmasters playing, and Ivanchuk won the event with an amazing 9.5/13 score. He finished ahead of GMs Garry Kasparov, Karpov, Yusupov, Timman, Anand, Gelfand, Kamsky, and others.
Why did Ivanchuk never become world champion?
According to the chess fraternity, the biggest reason for Ivanchuk not winning a single world championship match in his career was because of his 'poor nerves' and unstable behaviour. 5-time world champion Viswanathan Anand even went on to describe Ivanchuk as the most eccentric player in the chess world.
Why is Hikaru Nakamura so rich?
Hikaru is an estimated net worth of $50 million which mostly comes from his career life. Even he writes books which name is "One Minute to Mate." Also, Hikaru is an American chess player and a five-time U.S. (United States) champion. According to 2021, his FIDE rating is 2736, and his Peak ranking was No.
Who is the first official world chess champion?
Wilhelm Steinitz
The current world champion is Magnus Carlsen of Norway. The first generally recognized world championship took place in 1886, when the two leading players in the world, Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort, played a match, which was won by Steinitz.
Who is the richest chess player?
According to Wealthy Genius, the richest chess player of all time is Hikaru Nakamura, who has a net worth of approximately $50 million. At the age of 15, Nakamura became the youngest American to become the Grandmaster. He is now a five-time United States champion.
When did Vassily Ivanchuk become a top chess player?
Shortly after this tournament, Ivanchuk was given the Grandmaster title and also became one of the top 10 players in the world too. After placing high in numerous tournaments, Ivanchuk played for the World Championship title in 2002. He lost this match though, and has been known to play poorly in match-play ever since then.
When did Vassily Ivanchuk become an International Master?
In 1987 Ivanchuk won the European Junior Chess Championship and became an international master. In 1988 he electrified the chess world by winning the New York Open ahead of many top grandmasters and tied for first at the 1988 World Junior Championship (with GM Joel Lautier who won on tiebreaks).
What kind of Defense does Vassily Ivanchuk play?
Ivanchuk played an offbeat French Winawer Defense with an early Bb4-f8, and the position became closed with protracted maneuvering dominating the early middlegame. By move 22 the position was level, but Kasparov made a slight mistake on move 23 that handed the initiative to Ivanchuk, who won a pawn on move 29.
Where did Ivanchuk rank in the world in 1991?
This tournament victory was the most important of Ivanchuk's career to that point and raised his world ranking to number-two, behind only Kasparov. Ivanchuk was in outstanding form as he headed into his Candidates match with Yusupov later in 1991 and was considered the favorite.
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Words are kind of like a train, with affixes as the added cars. Practice prefixes, suffixes, and root words with these worksheets. Learners add words on to the beginning and end of words, practice with some roots, and use the words in.
razer kaira wireless ps5 review
Deep Cut in Splatoon 3
re: [noun] the second note of the major scale in solfège. Thousands of parents and educators are turning to the kids' learning app that makes real learning truly fun. Try Kids Academy with 3-day FREE TRIAL! https:/.
Save. The Design215 Word Finder is a free utility that unscrambles words, finds anagrams, solves jumbles, finds rhyming words, and helps with Scrabble, crosswords, and other word games. For example, you can find all 6 letter words that start with "d" and end with "n". Find words that rhyme by searching for words that end with the same letters. well, you're free to use that otherwise hit the Unscramble button and let this site do the heavy work for you! Here are the results for above search : 6 letter words: shrike, hikers etc; 5 letter words: hiker, hikes, skier, shirk etc; 4 letter words: hike, risk, rise, heir etc; 3 letter words: her, his, ski, hie etc; 2 letter words: hi, sh, is.
rochester public library staff
Splatoon 3 Direct logo
OnTrack Reading Comprehensive Word Lists. Features over 100 word lists built from 7,000 words input from a children's dictionary. Lists are organized by vowel and consonant sounds and cover most common spellings. Useful in the classroom for building curriculum aids such as short stories that emphasize specific sounds and spellings. reamer. ( noun) a squeezer with a conical ridged center that is used for squeezing juice from citrus fruit. juice reamer, juicer. reamer. ( noun) a drill that is used to shape or enlarge holes. -. reanimate. ( verb) give new life or energy to. recreate, repair, renovate, revive, quicken, vivify, animate, revivify. Shutterstock.
Find all the words in the English language that start with RE. There are 2,996 words that begin with RE. There are 0 abbreviations that begin with RE. There are 713 phrases that begin with RE. Top Scoring Words That Start With RE. Rank Word Length Scrabble WWF WordFeud; 1: Reprize: 7: 18: 19: 19: 2: Re-equip: 7: 18: 20: 20: 3: Requiem: 7: 18.
Meaning of re. 1 definition found From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: Re n 1: a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum [syn: {rhenium}, {Re}, {atomic number 75}] 2: ancient Egyptian sun god with the head of a hawk; a universal ...
Shutterstock ...
A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning.. Examples of prefixes include: misunderstand, misplace, misprint. unaffected, unwanted, unconformable. discourage, disallow, disappear. Re prefix words. Re is a prefix with the meaning again, back or it indicates repetition.. Please listen carefully, I don't want to repeat myself.. I need refill my water bottle before we go ...
Discord is your place to talk and hang out. We're happy you're here. These terms set forth our legal obligations to each other. They apply to your use of our services. When we say "Discord," "we," "us," and "our" in these terms, we mean Discord Inc., its subsidiaries, and its related companies. When we say "services" in ...
Online medical dictionary of health terms: Q-Z. R. radial tunnel syndrome: A condition in which the radial nerve is compressed at the elbow, causing pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness in the hand and arm. radiation: Energy in the form of particles or waves, such as x-rays and gamma rays.Radiation is often used to help make a diagnosis, as in x-rays, or as a treatment for cancer.
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Pool Table Felt Replacement
High Quality Billiards Re-felting For All of Los Angeles
Replacing felt
Replacing the pool table felt improves gameplay, enhances aesthetics, ensures durability and longevity, provides safety and protection, and maintains the value of your investment. It is a worthwhile investment for any billiards enthusiast looking to optimize their playing experience.
Improved Gameplay
One of the key benefits of replacing pool table felt is the immediate improvement in gameplay. Over time, the felt can become worn, torn, or unevenly textured, affecting the roll and bounce of the balls. By replacing the felt, you can restore the smoothness and consistency of the playing surface, enhancing your overall game experience.
Enhanced Aesthetics
The felt is an essential element of the pool table's appearance. Replacing the felt gives you the opportunity to refresh the look of your pool table. You can choose from a variety of colors, patterns, and materials to match your personal style or complement your interior décor. A new, vibrant felt can breathe new life into your pool table and make it a focal point of your space.
Durability and Longevity
Felt is subjected to constant wear and tear during gameplay. Over time, it can become frayed, faded, or stained, affecting both its appearance and performance. By replacing the felt, you can ensure that your pool table surface is durable and long-lasting. High-quality, properly installed felt can withstand the rigors of regular use, retaining its pristine condition for an extended period.
Safety and Protection
A worn-out or damaged felt can pose safety risks while playing pool. Loose threads or uneven surfaces can cause balls to behave unpredictably or jump off the table, potentially leading to accidents or injuries. Replacing the felt ensures a smooth, even, and secure playing surface, minimizing the chances of such incidents. It also provides a protective layer for the slate, preventing it from accumulating dust, dirt, or moisture.
Valuable Investment
Pool tables are significant investments, both in terms of money and space. By regularly replacing the felt, you are effectively maintaining and preserving the value of your investment. A well-maintained pool table with a fresh and attractive felt can be a selling point if you ever decide to upgrade or sell your table in the future.
Say goodbye to those frustrating bounces and erratic ball rolls. Our top-notch pool table felts provide a smooth and uniform playing surface, ensuring consistent and accurate shots. Experience the joy of sinking each ball with precision and control, enhancing your confidence and performance with every game.
Your pool table is more than just a game surface — it's a statement piece that reflects your personality and enhances your space. With our vast selection of colors, patterns, and materials, you can transform your pool table into a stunning centerpiece that complements your unique style. From classic green to bold and modern hues, the possibilities are endless.
FAQ
A: We are a leading billiards service provider in Los Angeles County, specializing in pool table moving, pool table repair, and pool table felt replacement. Our skilled technicians have the expertise to handle all aspects of billiards, ensuring top-quality service and customer satisfaction.
A: The frequency of replacement depends on several factors, including the level of usage and the overall condition of the felt. As a general guideline, pool table felts should be replaced every few years with regular use. However, if you notice signs of excessive wear, fraying, or inconsistency in ball rolls, it may be time to replace the felt sooner.
A: We offer a wide range of pool table felts to suit various preferences and budgets. Our selection includes premium-grade felts in different colors, patterns, and materials. Whether you prefer traditional green felt or desire a more contemporary look, we have options to match your style and vision.
A: The time required for pool table felt replacement can vary depending on the size of the table and the complexity of the installation. Typically, the process takes several hours to complete. However, our experienced technicians work efficiently to minimize any disruption, ensuring that you can get back to enjoying your pool table as soon as possible.
A: Absolutely! Our team of technicians has extensive experience in the billiards industry. They are highly skilled, trained, and knowledgeable in all aspects of pool table moving, repair, and felt replacement. We take pride in delivering top-quality service with attention to detail and professionalism.
A: Scheduling an appointment or requesting a consultation is easy. Simply contact our friendly customer service team by phone. We will be happy to assist you, answer any additional questions you may have, and find a convenient time that works best for you.
A: Yes, we are fully licensed and insured. We prioritize the safety of our customers and their property. Our licensing and insurance provide peace of mind, knowing that you are working with a reputable and professional billiards service provider.
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80173632abb045b5928edde7e44f8fcd
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@article {Rachlin83,
author = {Rachlin, Ellen and Castro, Maria},
title = {Hedge Funds{\textquoteright} Delta Sharpe Score for the Fund of Funds Portfolio Manager},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {83--88},
year = {2007},
doi = {10.3905/joi.2007.694768},
publisher = {Institutional Investor Journals Umbrella},
abstract = {This article describes a derivative portfolio metric that grades individual sub-funds{\textquoteright} contribution to the Sharpe ratio of a fund of funds portfolio. The metric is a scaling of the amount by which an additional 1\% portfolio NAV allocation to an individual sub-fund changes the portfolio{\textquoteright}s Sharpe ratio. The usefulness of this metric is that it provides a scoring system for portfolio sub-funds. The score rates, comprehensively, a given sub-fund{\textquoteright}s risk-adjusted performance as well as its allocation size in the portfolio. This metric generates scores which allow the fund of funds portfolio manager to rank sub-funds relative to each other for their risk-adjusted returns and allocation size in the portfolio.},
issn = {1068-0896},
URL = {
eprint = {
journal = {The Journal of Investing}
}
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9511ed49043446b1b359a8737419ce1d
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Supporting Children with Klinefelter Syndrome
Supporting Children with Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects males, caused by an extra X chromosome. Boys with Klinefelter syndrome often experience delayed development and may have learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities.
One of the most important things we can do for children with Klinefelter Syndrome is to offer them support. This can come in many forms, such as educational accommodations, therapy, and social support.
In terms of education, it's important for teachers to be aware of the unique challenges that children with Klinefelter Syndrome may face. For example, some boys with this condition may struggle with language skills or have difficulty processing information quickly. Teachers can help by offering extra time for assignments, breaking down complex concepts into simpler parts, and providing visual aids to assist with learning.
Therapy can also be very helpful for children with Klinefelter Syndrome. Behavioral therapy can help with issues such as anxiety or social difficulties, while occupational therapy can help with motor skills and other physical challenges.
Social support is also crucial for children with Klinefelter Syndrome. They may feel isolated or have trouble making friends, so it's important to provide opportunities for socialization. This can include participation in sports teams or clubs, as well as connecting with other families who are dealing with similar challenges.
It's also important to remember that every child is unique, and what works for one child may not work for another. Some children with Klinefelter Syndrome may benefit from medication for specific symptoms, while others may not. It's important to work closely with healthcare providers to develop a personalized care plan for each child.
Overall, supporting children with Klinefelter Syndrome requires a multifaceted approach that addresses their unique challenges and needs. With the right support, children with Klinefelter Syndrome can thrive and achieve their full potential.
Diagnosis and Testing for Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder that affects males due to an extra X chromosome. This can lead to physical, emotional, and social challenges that can impact the quality of life. However, early diagnosis and testing can help manage these symptoms, leading to better outcomes.
The diagnosis of KS is often made through prenatal screening or during childhood when symptoms become apparent. Some common indicators of KS include delayed puberty, small testicles, breast tissue growth, reduced facial and body hair, and infertility. These symptoms may not be noticeable at birth, but they become more apparent as children reach puberty.
To confirm a diagnosis of KS, doctors often recommend performing a karyotype analysis. This test analyzes the individual's chromosomes to look for any abnormalities, including an extra X chromosome. If an extra X chromosome is found, a diagnosis of KS can be made.
It is important to note that some individuals with KS may not show any symptoms, making diagnosis through routine screening difficult. Therefore, awareness and education about KS are critical in increasing the likelihood of early diagnosis.
Testing for KS can also extend to family members of those diagnosed with the syndrome. Since KS is a genetic disorder, there is a chance that family members may also carry the extra X chromosome. Genetic testing can determine if other family members have the same condition, allowing for early intervention and management.
In conclusion, early diagnosis and testing for Klinefelter Syndrome can improve the outcome for individuals affected by this condition. Symptoms may not always be apparent, which reinforces the importance of education and awareness. With proper diagnosis and management, individuals with KS can lead healthy, fulfilling lives.
Treatment Options for Children with Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that affects males. It's caused by an extra X chromosome, which leads to hormonal imbalances and may result in delayed or incomplete puberty. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available to help children with Klinefelter syndrome.
One of the most common treatments is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). TRT can help children with Klinefelter syndrome develop more typically, including increasing muscle mass, bone density, and facial and body hair growth. The treatment can also improve mood and sexual function.
Another option is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy. hCG stimulates the testicles to produce testosterone, which can help with the symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome. Like TRT, hCG therapy can increase muscle mass, bone density, and sexual function. However, it has not been shown to promote hair growth.
In addition to hormone therapy, there are other treatments that can help children with Klinefelter syndrome. Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy can all be helpful for improving communication skills, motor function, and coordination. Educational interventions, such as individualized education plans (IEPs), can also help children with Klinefelter syndrome succeed academically.
It's important to note that while there are effective treatment options available, not all children with Klinefelter syndrome require treatment. Some may have mild or no symptoms, and others may benefit from simply monitoring the condition over time. In any case, it's essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine what treatment, if any, is best for each individual child.
In conclusion, Klinefelter syndrome can present significant challenges for children and families, but there are many treatment options available. Hormone therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and educational interventions can all be beneficial in helping children with Klinefelter syndrome thrive. By working closely with healthcare providers, children with this condition can lead happy and fulfilling lives.
Educational Support for Children with Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a genetic condition that affects males, occurring when a male has an extra copy of the X chromosome. As a result, individuals with KS may experience difficulties in learning and development, which can have an impact on their academic performance.
Educational support is crucial for children with Klinefelter Syndrome to ensure they are given the best opportunities to succeed academically. There are several ways to provide educational support for these children, including:
1. Individualized Education Plans (IEPs):
IEPs are designed to cater to the unique needs of each child. When it comes to children with KS, IEPs can be used to create a tailored educational program that addresses their specific challenges. This program should include accommodations such as extra time for assignments and tests, preferential seating, and specialized instruction to improve reading, writing, and comprehension skills.
2. Classroom modifications:
Modifications can include providing assistive technology and visual aids to help children with KS more easily understand complex concepts. Teachers can also use multisensory teaching methods to engage students by providing them with hands-on experiences that stimulate different senses.
3. Counseling and support services:
Counseling and support services can be beneficial for children with KS who may struggle with self-esteem and social interactions. These services can help build confidence and provide guidance on navigating social situations and making friends.
4. Extracurricular activities:
Participating in extracurricular activities can be a great way for children with KS to develop social skills, build confidence, and gain new experiences outside of the classroom. Activities such as sports teams, music lessons, or drama clubs can help foster a sense of belonging and provide opportunities to develop friendships.
In summary, children with Klinefelter Syndrome require special educational support to help them overcome their unique challenges and achieve academic success. Providing individualized education plans, classroom modifications, counseling, and extracurricular activities can help these children thrive and reach their full potential.
Emotional and Behavioral Support for Children with Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects males. It is caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome, resulting in a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. Children with Klinefelter syndrome often face challenges throughout their lives, but emotional and behavioral support can go a long way in helping them thrive.
One of the main challenges that children with Klinefelter syndrome face is social isolation. They may struggle to make friends and fit in with their peers due to differences in physical development, communication skills, and interests. Providing emotional support can help these children feel more confident and comfortable in social situations.
Behavioral support is also important for children with Klinefelter syndrome. They may have difficulty with executive functioning, impulse control, and self-regulation. Behavioral interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, and mindfulness techniques can help children improve these skills and manage their behaviors more effectively.
Another area where emotional and behavioral support can be helpful for children with Klinefelter syndrome is in dealing with anxiety and depression. Research has shown that individuals with Klinefelter syndrome are at increased risk for these conditions, which can have a significant impact on their quality of life. Psychotherapy, medication, and other interventions can help children with Klinefelter syndrome cope with these mental health challenges and improve their overall well-being.
In conclusion, children with Klinefelter syndrome require emotional and behavioral support to reach their full potential. Parents, caregivers, and healthcare providers can play an important role in providing this support through a variety of interventions. By addressing the unique needs of these children and focusing on their strengths, we can help them lead happy, healthy, and fulfilling lives.
Managing Health Issues Related to Klinefelter Syndrome in Children
Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects one out of every 500-1,000 male births. It occurs when the male child has an extra X chromosome, resulting in an XXY chromosome pattern instead of the typical XY pattern. This condition can lead to various health issues, including delayed speech development, learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and infertility.
Managing health issues related to Klinefelter syndrome in children requires a multidisciplinary approach involving different healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, endocrinologists, urologists, speech therapists, and psychologists. A comprehensive treatment plan should be tailored to each child's unique needs and may include hormone therapy, speech therapy, counseling, and educational support.
One of the primary concerns for parents of children with Klinefelter syndrome is their child's physical development. Often, these children may have delayed growth and experience puberty later than their peers. Hormone therapy can help stimulate growth and induce puberty in these children, which can improve their physical development and overall quality of life. However, it is crucial to monitor hormone levels closely because too much or too little can also have adverse effects on the child.
Speech therapy is another essential aspect of managing health issues related to Klinefelter syndrome. Delayed speech development is common among children with this condition, and speech therapy can help improve their communication skills. Speech therapists work with children to develop their language and social skills, which can help them interact more effectively with their peers and improve their self-esteem.
Counseling and educational support are also vital components of managing health issues related to Klinefelter syndrome. Children with this condition may face challenges in school, such as learning disabilities and behavioral problems. Counseling can help children and their families cope with these challenges, while educational support can provide accommodations to help children succeed in school.
In conclusion, managing health issues related to Klinefelter syndrome in children requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Parents of children with this condition should work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a treatment plan that addresses their child's unique needs. By providing hormone therapy, speech therapy, counseling, and educational support, children with Klinefelter syndrome can improve their physical development, communication skills, and overall quality of life.
Future Outlook for Children with Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a chromosomal disorder that affects males, typically resulting in the presence of an extra X chromosome. This genetic condition can cause a range of physical and mental health issues, including reduced testosterone levels, infertility, learning difficulties, and increased risk for certain medical conditions.
As research on KS continues to advance, there is hope for a brighter future for affected children. In recent years, early diagnosis and management have become increasingly common, allowing children with KS to receive the support they need from an early age.
One crucial aspect of managing KS is hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which can help restore testosterone levels and improve physical symptoms associated with the condition. HRT can also help prevent long-term health complications such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
Another important factor is early intervention for learning difficulties, such as speech and language therapy and occupational therapy. Studies have shown that early intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with KS, helping them achieve academic and social success.
Furthermore, advances in reproductive technology offer hope for men with KS who wish to start families. Options such as sperm banking and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) can allow men with KS to preserve their fertility and potentially father biological children.
Overall, the future outlook for children with Klinefelter Syndrome is improving thanks to increased awareness, early diagnosis, and ongoing advancements in treatment and reproductive technology. With proper care and support, individuals with KS can lead fulfilling lives and achieve their goals, just like anyone else.
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BP Launches 'Ultimate STEM Challenge' for UK Schoolchildren
BP launches an "Ultimate STEM Challenge" to engage young schoolchildren with science and technology..
BP has followed up its Ultimate Field Trip program for engineering and science undergraduates with a BP "Ultimate STEM Challenge" aimed at 22,000 11 to 14 year olds in the UK, the company announced Wednesday.
The Ultimate STEM Challenge, which includes STEMNET and the Science Museum Group, aims to challenge school pupils to put their Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) skills to the test. The idea is to engage younger UK high school students, yet to make their GCSE choices, with science and technology and consider taking these subjects with a view to pursuing technical careers later in life.
BP Community Development Manager Ian Duffy told Rigzone:
"Essentially what we've created is an opportunity for young people to get a feel for how inspirational and engaging and exciting STEM subjects can be for them… We've working in partnership with STEMNET, who've got 20,000 STEM ambassadors working with schools around the UK, and the Science Museum Group, who've got great science centers and science museums for kids to visit with their families."
Duffy explained that BP has created three challenges to give them an experience of what it's like to use their STEM skills to solve real world problems. Working in groups of between two and four pupils, the students will aim to solve one of these three broad challenges – keeping warm, keeping hydrated or keeping cool – that are designed to reflect the issues that BP itself faces as a business, "from operating at the bottom of the ocean to the heat of the desert".
The competition culminates in a finals day at the Science Museum on March 23 2015, where the finalist teams will come together to present their solutions to the three challenges. Prizes of GBP 500 ($825) will be awarded to the schools that make the finals that they can spend on science equipment or a field trip.
Asked why BP felt it was important to launch its initiative, Duffy said:
"While there are large numbers [of STEM graduates] coming out of universities, there's still a projected shortfall of about 80,000 STEM professionals every year at least through to 2020. That's graduate roles and technician roles – apprentices… A large part of why young people choose STEM subjects or not is that those decisions are made in early teens or even before
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Contents
Water in the scheme is stored in three principal dams and their associated reservoirs: Tallowa Dam, Fitzroy Falls Dam and Wingecarribee Dam. Wingecarribee River is a tributary of Warragamba River, so water pumped into Wingecarribee Reservoir can be released into Warragamba Dam and hence the Sydney water supply. Water can also be released into Nepean Dam via a system of rock cuttings and tunnels known as Glenquarry Cut. Water from the Nepean Dam can be transferred to Sydney, or to Wollongong via Avon Dam.
Tallowa Dam, completed in 1976, is a concrete gravity dam with central overflow spillway, located of the Shoalhaven River, downstream from the river's confluence with the Kangaroo River. The dam wall of 325 cubic metres (11,500 cu ft) is 43 metres (141 ft) high and 528 metres (1,732 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 85,500 megalitres (3,020×10^6 cu ft) and creates the impounded reservoir of Lake Yarrunga that has a surface area of 831 hectares (2,050 acres), drawn from a catchment area of 5,750 square kilometres (2,220 sq mi). The spillway has a discharge capacity of 27,600 cubic metres per second (970,000 cu ft/s).[1]
The 'full operating storage' for Tallowa Dam refers only to the amount of water in the dam that is available to be transferred to Sydney and the Illawarra. When full, the dam can hold approximately 90,000 megalitres (3,200×10^6 cu ft) but only 7,500 megalitres (260×10^6 cu ft) is available to be transferred to the Sydney water supply. Other water from Tallowa Dam is provided to Shoalhaven City Council for supply to local communities. Water is also released from the dam as environmental flows for the Shoalhaven River.[2]
Fitzroy Falls Dam, completed in 1974, consists of four separate earth and rockfill embankments, is located on the Yarrunga Creek upstream of Fitzroy Falls and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southeast of Moss Vale. The main embankment of 760 cubic metres (27,000 cu ft) is 14 metres (46 ft) high and 1,530 metres (5,020 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 23,500 megalitres (830×10^6 cu ft) and creates the impounded reservoir of Fitzroy Falls Reservoir that has a surface area of 522 hectares (1,290 acres), drawn from a catchment area of 31 square kilometres (12 sq mi). The spillway has a discharge capacity of 516 cubic metres per second (18,200 cu ft/s).[1][3]
Wingecarribee Dam, completed in 1974, is an earth and rockfill embankment dam structure located on the Wingecarribee River about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Bowral. The embankment of 573 cubic metres (20,200 cu ft) is 19 metres (62 ft) high and 1,140 metres (3,740 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 25,875 megalitres (913.8×10^6 cu ft) and creates the impounded reservoir of Wingecarribee Reservoir that has a surface area of 625 hectares (1,540 acres), drawn from a catchment area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi). The spillway has a discharge capacity of 520 cubic metres per second (18,000 cu ft/s).[1] Wingecarribee Reservoir lost around 9,000 megalitres (320×10^6 cu ft) of storage capacity as a result of the inflow of peat from the Wingecarribee Swamp collapse in August 1998. The original storage capacity was 34,500 megalitres (1,220×10^6 cu ft).[5]
Bendeela Pondage, completed in 1972, is an earth and rockfill embankment dam structure located on the Kangaroo River arm of Lake Yarrunga, is located between Fitzroy Falls Dam and Tallowa Dam. The pondage functions as a buffer storage for out-of-balance flow between the two dams during hydro-electric power generation or water pumping at Kangaroo Valley and Bendeela pumping and power stations. The dam has no significant catchment but has been provided with a weir type spillway to protect the dam in the event of operational problems at the two pumping and power stations. The embankment is 15 metres (49 ft) high and 2,118 metres (6,949 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 1,200 megalitres (42×10^6 cu ft).[6]
A 740 metres (2,430 ft) pipeline connects Bendeela Pumping and Power Station with Bendeela Pondage. Some 3,680 millimetres (145 in) in diameter, the pipeline is capable of handling water capacity of 205 megalitres (7.2×10^6 cu ft) per hour.[4]
In addition to its water supply capabilities which supplements water supplies to the Sydney area, the Shoalhaven Scheme also comprises two hydro-power facilities, with total generating capacity of 240 megawatts (320,000 hp). The flexibility of the scheme is that it can operate as either a pump or a generator. During off peak periods, it utilises excess electricity from the grid to pump water back up to the reservoir(s) as pumped storage. The two power stations are:[7][8]
Kangaroo Valley Power Station in the Kangaroo Valley has two 80 megawatts (110,000 hp) pump turbines, for a total electricity generating capacity of 160 megawatts (210,000 hp). From Bendeela Pondage, Kangaroo Valley Pumping and Power Station lifts water a further 480 metres (1,570 ft) to Fitzroy Falls Reservoir via a tunnel, shaft, pipeline, and canal. Water available for hydro-electric power generation is discharged back down the conduits, driving turbines as it returns to Bendeela Pondage and then Lake Yarrunga.
Bendeela Power Station has two 40 megawatts (54,000 hp) pump turbines, for a total of 80 megawatts (110,000 hp) of electricity generating capacity. Bendeela Pumping and Power Station is located on the Kangaroo River arm of Lake Yarrunga, lifts water 127 metres (417 ft) to Bendeela Pondage.
The Shoalhaven River and its main tributary the Kangaroo River. Tallowa Dam has been a barrier to migratory native fish with estuarine/marine juvenile stages, blocking species including Australian bass from more than 80% of their former range in the Shoalhaven system. Stockings of hatchery bred Bass in Lake Yarrunga has been an attempt to remediate the situation.[citation needed] A fishway for Tallowa Dam has been discussed for more than 20 years but is yet to eventuate.[citation needed] Lake Yarrunga also contains exotic species such as carp, which are now present in high densities. A fish lift began operation in August 2009.[9]
Gehrke, P. C.; Gilligan, D. M.; Barwick, M. (2002). "Changes in fish communities of the Shoalhaven River 20 years after construction of Tallowa Dam, Australia". River Research and Applications18: 265–286. doi:10.1002/rra.669.
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Building on a Foundation of Digital Inclusion
When cities implemented social distancing measures to stop the spread of COVID-19, local officials around the world experimented with virtual engagement to reach residents and gather input. But with a gaping digital divide in many communities, doing so effectively isn't easy.
Aarhus, a municipality in Denmark of more than 300,000 residents, found success by building on a foundation of digital inclusion.
Aarhus has a history of experimenting to increase participation in government. In 2014, city leaders created the Digital Neighborhood, placing installations resembling old-fashioned phone booths across the city where residents could record answers to questions about participatory budgeting and city planning.
More recently, Aarhus used Consul, a free, open-source platform pioneered by the City of Madrid, to host a participatory budgeting initiative. The initiative took place in the suburb of Tranbjerg, which is part of the Aarhus municipality.
"What we are interested in is how we can use these different kinds of digital tools to strengthen the relationship and participatory democracy," said Frederik Ingvardt Pedersen, a development consultant for Aarhus.
It's essential to use well-tested technology, city staff said. It is also important to keep participation simple and with a low barrier entry. Participation should not be complicated by demanding a lot of reading or too many criteria for eligibility.
It's essential to use well-tested technology and keep participation simple with a low barrier to entry.
Aarhus designed its Participatory Budgeting Process to meet these requirements.
The city set aside 320,000 Krone (about $51,000) to be spent on projects proposed by residents. Fourteen projects were submitted and about 16% of the Tranbjerg population over 15 years old voted, a good turnout for this kind of initiative according to city staff. While the minimum voting age is 18 in Denmark, the city opened up the participatory budgeting to those 15 and older in order to engage young people in democracy at an early age.
"In elections and citizen participation, young people are an underrepresented group," said Pedersen, "so this is one of the groups we try to reach through our platform. We believe democratic participation is a habit that should be formed at a young age."
A screenshot of Consul, the open-source platform Aarhus used to collect feedback.
It is important that cities delegate actual power to citizens and make sure their input is used in formal decision making about issues that are important to them, added Pedersen.
This empowers residents and encourages participation.
Aarhus residents voted on the proposals and selected six projects to move forward. These projects will create outdoor facilities for all ages, such as new playgrounds and walking trails. Residents are developing and implementing the projects with technical assistance and funding from the city government.
A Digital Mailbox for Everyone
One reason for the success of participatory budgeting in Aarhus was the existing infrastructure the city and the country has built over time. Everyone in Denmark has a government-issued digital mailbox where they can receive email from government authorities. The government has spent time and resources training residents to use the mailbox over years, including a national campaign and local programs, typically run by libraries and NGOs, to help elderly people gain digital competency.
Aarhus staff used this platform to their advantage, contacting residents about the initiative via their mailbox.
Most communications residents receive are one-way messages from local, regional, and national governments. City staff were a little concerned that their messages would be ignored or come across as spam. To counter this they changed the tone. Residents are usually addressed as taxpayers or reminded of their duty as citizens, so instead they emphasized the knowledge of residents and the power to make a difference by voting.
They received positive feedback. Residents were happy to learn about the opportunity to engage with their community, especially during the pandemic.
Community Members Spread the Word
The city also successfully used Consul to get resident feedback about Aarhus's 10-year investment plan.
The mayor's office had in-person events planned to gather feedback and prioritize spending for the plan, but the pandemic required them to quickly switch to virtual engagement.
Community members played an important role in advertising the initiative. The city reached out to those who had engaged with city government before, and held a workshop to educate them about the process so they could participate and help spread the word. The platform also has a function that allows users to easily share proposals on Facebook, so outreach happened organically as participants shared information with their neighbors.
Although the city only had about a week, they received feedback from nearly 4,000 residents, who submitted 72 proposals and many comments. Through the feedback they received, the city learned that many residents wanted to invest in a greener city with better infrastructure for biking and walking, as well as buildings that could host local sports and cultural events.
Building on a Strong Foundation
Many cities regularly rely on existing relationships with neighborhood groups to help reach more residents. These groups typically connected at in-person meetings before the pandemic, and members still have uneven access to technology. Cities and partners have had to step in and remove barriers to digital access and at times teach residents how to use electronic media to stay in touch.
South Bend, Indiana, for example, used funds from the Cities of Service Love Your Block program to award neighborhood groups and associations with free subscriptions to virtual meeting platforms, such as Zoom, and provide training to help members use the platforms.
Staying in touch with these community leaders can be done online as well. In Lancaster, Pennsylvania,Cities of Service AmeriCorps VISTA members joined the Neighborhood Group Leader's Meetings, regularly occurring meetings with a city-wide cohort of neighborhood group leaders, which moved online during the pandemic. At these meetings, they shared information about city outreach efforts, new projects, and available resources.
These community leaders can then share information form the city with their neighbors, reaching a much larger number of people than city officials would by using their direct connections.
These efforts can be supplemented by door hangers with information from the city, like those used in Buffalo, New York. These door hangers were designed with colorful graphics to distinguish them for violation notices. Especially in cities with a large digital divide, taking these extra steps is necessary to reach residents who may not already be connected to the city.
Door hangers used in Buffalo.
Effective virtual engagement requires both good relationships with residents, as well as communities that have the technology and knowledge to participate online. Cities like Aarhus are demonstrating that once that groundwork is done, virtual engagement can go a long way toward bringing resident voices into decision making, even when city hall is closed to visitors.
If you would like to learn more from Aarhus city staff about their experience, contact Federik Ingvardt Pedersen at [email protected].
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Blended Learning for the Adult Education Classroom
Are you exploring blended learning (integrating online learning with face-to-face instruction)? Perhaps you have been doing this for some time, but are looking for ways to improve what you are doing, or for new and better tools. Perhaps you are curious to learn what other adult basic education (including English language learning) practitioners are doing with blended learning, or you are looking for an exciting way to engage teachers and students in online learning inside or outside the classroom.
Attached in a downloadable guide, Blended Learning for the Adult Education Classroom, published by Essential Education as a free service to the adult basic education field.
The content is broken down into ten sections plus an appendix:
What is Blended Learning, and How Could it Help Adult Learners, Adult Literacy Educators, Programs and Schools?
What Does Blended Learning in Adult Basic Education Look Like?
How to Use Blended Learning with Your Students
Deciding On and Implementing an Online Learning Platform that Fits Your Needs
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Start
End
Group
AIM
MSN
Website URL
ICQ
Yahoo
Jabber
Skype
Location
Interests
What is known about Bill's ex wife after their separation and divorce, or during their marriage for that matter? I find it interesting that she went to his funeral. And does anyone know how Edna Frawley got confused with Edna Purviance?
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townhouse floor plan
Project Description:
write the two page describtion about the model we created base on the link: include the details such as size, floor, and so on. i'm the salesman and want to sell these houses in a small college town.
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The shrine is the mausoleum of Tokugawa Ieyasu , the first Tokugawa Shogun , who ruled Japan from 1603 to 1616. Ieyasu died in Sunpu inShizuoka on April 17,1616.He was first buried at Kuno-zan in Shizuoka,but in accordance with his last will , his remains were transferred to Nikko in the following year. He said in his will"When I die , bury me at Kuno-zan first. Then after a year , build a small shrine in Nikko and bury me there. I will be a guardian god and watch all over Japan.
The constructaion of the mausoleum was performed by Tokugawa Iemitsu ,
the grandson of Ieyasu and the third Tokugawa Shogun. The construcyion
work was begun in 1634 and finished in 1636. Almost all the construction
of the mausoleum.
The shirine is said to have been completed in only seventeen months at
a cost $53,000,000 in modern-day money. The shrine is constantly undergoing
mintenance and repair.
The immense amount of gold-leaf used in the buildings coupled with numerous
elaborate carvings enhance the beauty of the shirne.
The Grand Spring Festival is held annually by Toshogu Shrine from May 17th
to the 18th. The festival is a reenactment of the ancient procession when
the soul of Ieyasu Tokugawa , the first Shogun , was moved from Kunozan
to Nikko. A 1200 samurai warrior procession parades down a 1km long street
and horseback archery (yabusame) displays are held.
Yomaimon Gate is one of the representataive buildings in Toshogu Shrine.
It is popularly called Higurasi-Gomon (a day -spending gate). It is 11.1meters
in height , 7meters in width and 4.4meters in depth. It faces due south.
it is decorated with as many as 508 exquisite carvings. You can spend a
whole day in front of this gate and never get tired of looking at it.That
is why the gate is popularly called "a day-spending gate."
魔除けの逆柱 Mayoke Bashira(Column to avert evil spirits)
The 12 columns that support the gate have whirling patterns on them. The
patterns on one of them , however , were purlosely carved upside-down to
turn away the attention of evil spirits who are aiways jealous of perfection
and are ready to destroy "perfect" things.
The column is called Mayoke Bashira(column to avert evil spirits) or Sakasa
Bashira (upside-down column).
唐 門 Karamon Gate
The Karamon Gate is the gate leading to Honsha(Sanctuary).The gate is a
small building which is 3 meters in width and 2 meters in depth. Though
small , it is decorated with 605 carvings.
Just under the roof of the Karamon Gate , we can see carvings of 'An audience
with Emperor Shun' , 'Seven Wise Men in a Bamboo Grove' , 'Kyoyu and Sofu'
, etc.
Naki Ryu (Crying Dragon)
The Naki Ryu is painted on the ceiling of Yakushi-doh (Or called Honji-doh)
Hall , which is located on the back of Korou (Drum tower). It makes a sound
like a crying when clappers are struck under the dragon. The original picture was
painted by Yasunobu Eishin, but was restored by Nanbu katayama after it was
burned down.
眠り猫 Nemuri Neko(Sleeping Cat)
The panels along the corridors extending right and left from Sakashitamon
Gate are decorated with over 300 exquisite carvings of plants and animals.
The most famous one is the carvings of Nemuri-neko(sleeping Cat) , which
is said to have been carved by Jingoro Hidari. Nothing is known about Jingoro.
Behind the sleeping cat there is a carving of two sparrows playing peacefully
in a bamboo grove.The carving of sparrows playing near the cat may be interpreted
as symbolizing the peaceful world brought about by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
三 猿 Three Monkeys
On the wooden panels of the Shinkyu sha(Sacred Stable) , there are eight
carvings of monkeys , each representing a different phase of life.The most
famous one is the carvings of three monkeys , who tell us a lesson that
children should "See-no-evil , say-no-evil and Hear-no-evil".
Monkey carvings were used to decorate the stable because monkeys
五重塔 Five Storied Pagoda
This five-storied pagoda was presented by Sakai Tadakatsu , feudal lord
of Obama(now Fukui Prefecture) , in 1649on the 33rd anniversary of Tokugawa
Ieyasu's death.
The first foer stories were built in Japanese style and the top story in
Chinese style. If you look up the pagoda and look carefully , you can see
that the refters of the first four stories run in parallel while those
of the top story run radially.
The origin of Rinnoji Temple dates back to the year 766 when Shodo Shonin
built Shihonryuji Temple on the left bank of the Daiya River. During its
long history of more than 1200years , the name of this temple was changed
several times. This temple once belonged to the Shingon Sect of Buddhism
, but now it belongs to the Tendai Sect.
主な伝統行事
1월
1일
歳旦会(정월제)
3일
外山毘沙門天縁日
2월
3일
節分会(절분)
4월
1일
開山会(勝道上人:命日)
2일
強飯式
5월
17일
延年舞
8월
중순
薪能 (演目・日程は年ごとに異なるので要問合せ)
11월
25일
子供強飯式(於;生岡神社)
12월
31일
越年護摩
A
■Nikko-san Rinnoji Temple
Ticket
A group ticket(More than 35 people)
Adult
900Yen
810Yen
Elementary &
Jr.high students
400Yen
360Yen
■Hours open to the public
From April to October , 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. (Last entry :16:30)
From Nobember to March , 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.(Last entry :15:30)
After about a 5 minute walk from the Sacred Bridge(Shinkyo Bridge) , you'll
see the statue of priest Shodo-Shonin. The statue is gilded bronze , 8
ft.tall and stands on a stone pedestal 13 ft. high. It marks the entrance
to the Rinnoji Temple.
Shodo is a central figure of the prosperity of the Mt.nikko faith to assume
Mt.nikko the Bible.
三仏堂(大本堂) Sanbutsudo
Sanbutsudo is the largest building in Nikko Sannai area. It is Important Cultural Property.
The name Sanbutsu-do comes from the three big Buddhist statues in the building.
木彫三仏座像
Sanbutsu can be translated as three Buddha. In fact, three images of Buddha
are enshrined inside. According to a historical record of temple, Ennin
Saint Jikaku built the Sanbutsu-doh Hall by referring to Konponchu-doh
Hall of Mt. Hiei. He enshrined Bato Kaonnon, Amida Nyorai and Senju Kannon
in Sanbutsu-doh Hall. These images are representatives of Mt. Nantai, Mt.
Nyohou and Mt. Tarou. Saint Jikaku's contribution was based on mountainous
worship.
相輪橖 Sohrintoh Tower
The Sohrintoh Tower is bronze , is 13.2m high and is located near the Sarbonmatsu-doh
Hall. 24 bells and ornament of Kinyoraku decorate upper side of the tower.
On the contrary , you will find three hollyhocks on the lower side of the
tower. Hollyhock is fammily crest of Tokugawa. 4 subordinate pillars support
three hollyhocks. In1643 , Bishop Tenkai built this tower because the third
successive shogun Iemitsu made a vow. The Sohrintoh tower referred to the
first building that Saint Saicho of Tendai sect built. that first tower
is located in Enryakuji Temple of Mt.Hiei.
A mausoleum built in 1653 for Iemitsu Tokugawa , the 3rd Shogun of the
Tokugawa Shogunate. Out of respect for his grandfather enshrined in Toshogu
Shrine , Taiyuin was built with less splendor , yet you can still see how
the architectural style shouws a higher degree of maturity of the arts.
Kara means Chinese style. It is 3m high, and frontage
is1.8m. The Karamon Gate is the smallest building in Taiyuin Mausoleum,
but sensitive and elegant works are put on. Two pillars have been made of
zelkova tree, and are not exposed to outside. That gate is decorated by metal
fittings. Some are colored by black, and some others are transparent.
大猷院家光廟(皇嘉門) Taiyuin Mausoleum(Kohkamon Gate)
The Koukamon Gate has a function as the border between Okunoin (Inner House)
and other buildings. The Okunoin is not open to the public. The name of
the Koukamon was the same as one of the twelve gates, which existed in the palace at
that time. The Koukamon Gate is 2.2m high, and 1.8m wide. It is relatively
small in this area. Construction of Koukamon Gate is Ming dynasty (Chinese)
style. It also is called Ryuugu-zukuri (Palace of sea God.) Therefore,
this gate is also called Ryuguumon Gate.
The Futarasan Shrine is the oldest among the shrine and temples in the
Nikko. The present building , however , was constructed in 1619 by Tokugawa
Hidetada , the Second Tokugawa Shogun. In the Oratory , armors and other
historical treasures are on display.
Mt.Futara ,
主な伝統業行事
Jan
1
歳旦祭
Feb
1~3
節分祭
3日 ガラ蒔き
Apr
13~17
弥生祭
Every
manth
secand
Sat
だいこくまつり(12月を除く)
A
■Nikko Futarasan Shrine
■Hours open to the public
From April to October , 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. (Last entry :16:30)
From Nobember to March , 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.(Last entry :15:30)
Adult
Elementary &
Jr.high students
本社神苑入園料
(化灯籠含む)
200Yen
100Yen
日光神楽
500Yen (More than 10 people)
特別参拝神楽
1,000Yen (More than 10 people)
弥生祭 Yayoi Festival
This festival with a 1200year tradition is held annually by Nikko Futarasan Shrine for 5 days from April 13th to the 17th. On the 17th , people in historic costumes together from 12towns and floats plus traditional music are on display. In this wonderful atmosphere miniature shrines are also carried around , especially on the 16th and 17th.
神 橋 Shinkyo Bridge
Shinkyo is beautiful red-lacquered bridge across the Daiya-gawa River.
It is 28meters long. According to the legend, when the priest Shodo, the
founder of Nikko first came to Nikko with his followers, a god helped them
to cross the rapid currents with his two snakes. They entwined themselves
into a bridge.
二荒霊泉
The Futara Spiritual Spring is located after you passed the Torii gate of Mitomo
Shrine. The water comes from cave of Mt. Korei, which is located on the back of
Honden main hall. People believe that spring has two effects. That water might
have a spiritual effect on eye disease. In addition, that water makes a tasty
sake. Ceremony for the completion of pond
was taken on October 13th in1971. The water is transparent and colorless, water
temperature is 12 Celsius degree, no bacteria, and hardness is 26.68 as a result
of examination. That number tells us that the water is adequate to
drink.
胴灯篭(化け灯篭) Bronze Lantern(Gobrin Lantern)
When you proceed to the rear of the Oratory , you'll see a bronze lantern
on the left , outside the fence enclosing the Main Hall.
This lantern is called "Bake-Doro" , or"Goblin Lantern."
It has scars showing thet it was once struck by a sword. People say that
at night it looks a goblin.
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The Babinski Foundation in Pequot Lakes has found a unique way to let children hang out with the animals waiting to be adopted.
The animal shelter created Rescue Readers, a program where kids choose to read to either cats or dogs. After spending time in the shelter reading to the animals, they'll draw a picture of the cat or dog they spent time with and write why they should be adopted.
Shelter staff say it's an activity that's mutually beneficial for the children and the animals.
"The animals can be very calming, we see some of our most troublesome, maybe, or shy animals that actually come out and sit right with the kids, which is wonderful, and for them it's great, too, just to be able to read in an area by themselves and improve their reading skills," said Brooke Pfiffner, The Babinski Foundation Marketing Coordinator. "It gives us a different perspective on the animals as well. We get to see them interact with kids, which is always great to let people know these guys do wonderful with kids. And kids' minds are really creative and it's nice to see what they have to see about the animals."
This was only the shelter's third time holding the Rescue Readers program, but there are plans to have it again in the future. More information on The Babinski Foundation can be found on their website or Facebook page
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Jacqueline Woodruff (PA '06)
Teacher
At the time of the Award, Jacqueline Woodruff was:
Biographical Information
Students at all levels make significant progress in fifth-grade teacher Jacqueline Woodruff's classroom at Washington Elementary School in Allentown. Even students with individualized education plans have shown improvement, while those with behavioral issues have become positive and productive members of the classroom. Ms. Woodruff uses a variety of best practices in her teaching, including guided reading, four-square writing, math investigations, hands-on science activities and technology. She also uses assessment data to monitor student progress and reflect on her own teaching strategies, so that she can differentiate her instruction to individual student needs. Ms. Woodruff involves parents in their children's education, winning their support with information, assistance and encouragement, and she trains community volunteers to mentor students for extra help in reading and math. She is not above spending her own money to provide children with extra materials, and has acquired incentives from the community to reward students for good behavior. It's high time this excellent teacher received a reward of her own.
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Caption: MODEL RELEASED. Lung cancer. 61-year-old man with a swollen chest wall, indicating the presence of lung cancer (mesothelioma). Mesothelioma is a malignant cancer of the membrane lining of the chest cavity and lungs (pleura). It is usually caused by asbestos exposure, although this patient has no history of asbestos contact. There is a large gap between exposure and disease development, and it may be that the patient cannot remember being exposed to asbestos. The tumour often reaches a large size before diagnosis, by which time the prognosis is poor.
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SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY MIXED HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL ADRA
About Organization : From the very beginning of the past century, Adra, anciently called Aradhya Nagari , was gradually flourishing as a railway town. People from different parts of the country came to this place to join the railways. A new socio-economic clan emerged with differences in caste, creed, language religious belief and culture. A need for a separate school for girls was felt by Sri. Kanti Das. Accordingly in a thatched house, adjacent to the present building, a school was set up. Later in the year 1926, the then B N Railway took all the financial and administrative responsibilities of this school. The school came to be known as B N Railway Indian girl's School. Initially the school followed the guidelines laid by Govt. of Bihar. Later from the year 1956, Adra was included in Purulia district, West Bengal and started running under the guidelines of Education Department, Govt. of West Bengal. The school had four media: Bengali, Hindi, Urdu and Telegu. Presently there are…… students in two media: Bengali and Hindi. The primary section runs in the morning shift and the secondary, higher secondary section runs in the day shift. The faculty includes …..PGTs …TGTs… PRTs and ….. non- teaching staff.
The school was established when the country was under the British rule. The aim was to cater educational needs of the children of the railway staff. With the passage of time , particularly after freedom , the mission of this school was not only providing education but also pursue excellence and develop the spirit of national integration and create a sense of Indianness. In this era of technological advancement and the reign of Information and communication technology the students' way to live, study, work and play has completely changed. The rethinking of the educational boards to bring suitable changes in the systems of imparting education accompanied with the tireless efforts of the teachers are aimed to inculcate values among the students and prepare the students for this fast growing, highly competitive 21st century.
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The main language of the province is Quechua, spoken by 78%, while 47% of the population speaks Spanish. The population increased from 52,659 inhabitants (1992 census) to 58,706 (2001 census), an increase of 11.5%.
80% of the population have no access to electricity, 94% have no sanitary facilities. 69% of the population are employed in agriculture, 1% in mining, 10% in industry, 20% in general services. 89% of the population are Catholics, 8% Protestants.
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not be Nervous for a presentation?
How to not be Nervous during presentation?
Do you feel nervous before your presentation? Do you feel your heart racing, hands shaking, palms sweating, knees knocking, throat drying, or queasy feeling? If yes, don't worry at all. You are not alone who undergo this situation. More than 70% of people fear a presentation. It happens naturally to feel nervous at this moment.
Giving presentations is a challenge everyone cannot do. For many people, it can be a scenario of anxiety-inducing. This is a phobia that is more than the fear of spiders, heights, and even death.
Before going towards techniques, first, we should talk about the causes of nervousness.
Why do you get nervous?
The basic factor of this phobia is that you fear the negative evaluation from others. You get frozen in front of the public and forget what you want to say. Your stress level increases and the front lobe of your brain shuts down. Actually, this lobe retrieves memory and when it closes, you are unable to remember anything.
However, there are various techniques and strategies you can follow and calm down your nerves during a public speech or presentation.
Practice
By doing practice, you can overcome your nervousness. Rehearse multiple times what you are going to present. Practice at the place where you will give your presentations and change your positions like sitting, standing, opening arms. Always stand straight on two legs. You can make recordings of your rehearsal presentations and evaluate them to know which areas require more improvement.
Practice impressive body language
Body language is the basic factor that allows the audience to interpret you. So, you should practice impressive body language. Also, practice how you should stand and behave in front of your audience. Stand confidently and relax facial muscles.
Keep yourself fit and healthy
Avoid unhealthy intakes like alcohol that make you inactive. Also don't consume caffeine in the form of tea, coffee, or other sources. Do some exercise to remain fit and active and consume something healthy like vegetables, fruits, and milk. This healthy food will give you more energy you need during your presentation.
Attend other presentations
If there is more than one presentation, try to attend it. Listen to others carefully and make notes. You will find hints from other speeches or presentations and your confidence will increase. Observe the gestures of the speaker, how he speaks, how often he pauses during his presentation. It is also the best chance for you to feel like an audience. You will come to know the mood and response of the crowd.
Drink water
Before the presentation, stay hydrated because a dry mouth also causes anxiety. You can have a bottle of water to avoid a dry mouth. keep drinking some water whenever you need it.
Reach early
If you reach at the time of your presentation, you will be more nervous to face the audience. So always reach the spot early. Settle and prepare yourself for the environment and the presentation. Stand at the spot where you have to stand for the presentation. Visualize people and prepare yourself how should you speak that the audience can listen to you clearly.
Smiling
If you feel nervous, start smiling. This gesture releases endorphins that give you a good feeling and makes you confident.
Adjust your surroundings
You must adjust your surroundings before the presentation and feel comfortable. It is best to give a presentation in the room where you can avoid outside disturbance and distract.
Create a structure of your presentation
Before the presentation, create a structure of what you are going to deliver. It will help you as a guide when you will feel nervous. Outline your speech or presentation and glance at it whenever you need.
Meet people
Meet and talk with people before your presentation. Ask them questions regarding the presentation. They will give you useful hints and inspiration to help you to do your best. Moreover, you will become familiar with your audience and will not feel as if you are addressing strangers. Conversation with people will relax your nerves and make a bond with them. In this way, the audience will also get to know you and encourage by supporting you during your presentation.
Know your audience
You must know for whom you are going to present. It will help you to set the expectations from the audience. Research a litter what they are expecting from you. When you are familiar with your audience, you will be more confident in front of them.
Use positive visualization
Always be positive and think about good outcomes. Set reasonable expectations for yourself. If you consider presentation a terrible situation, you can never face your audience confidently. So, keep positive visualization and hope for the best.
Make eye contact
While doing a presentation, you must make eye contact. It will create confidence in you and also the audience will become more attentive. If you just stare at the floor or your notes you feel more nervous and unable to see the audience.
Take deep breaths
When we are tense or nervous, our muscles become tight. In that situation, take deep breaths and allow more oxygen to circulate into your brain so that you can think clearly and feel comfortable and relaxed. Practicing deep breathing helps us to reduce anxiety and stress. It also regulates the adrenalin hormone which is produced when you are angry, excited, or afraid.
Use notesPractice positive self-talkConclusion
In a nutshell, we can state that if you feel nervous during your presentation, you can't convey your message to your audience. By following the above-mentioned techniques, you can present more confidently, effectively, and impressively. You can also make your audience engaging and supporting.
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In Sicily, tourists can now sip where Mafia Dons used to sup, knowing their money's not lining the mob's pockets this time 'round.
It's happening because the government and a daring group of artisans want to break the grip of organized crime on the island. So they're encouraging visitors to patronize only businesses that declare themselves part of the anti-mafia movement.
First though, they have to convince more businesses. It's a risky part of a wider effort to change Sicily's culture at home and image abroad, as we hear from Nancy Greenleese in the land of the Corleones
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Official Oracle Text for Disintegrate
Disintegrate deals X damage to target creature or player. That creature can't be regenerated this turn. If the creature would die this turn, exile it instead.
Official Rulings for Disintegrate
10/4/2004 : The "can't regenerate" is an effect of Disintegrate and not an effect of the damage. It works even if the damage is prevented or redirected. If redirected, the damage does not take this effect with it.
10/4/2004 : Disintegrated creatures do not go to the graveyard at all before being exiled. They do not trigger abilities which trigger due to a creature going to the
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Through a generous grant from the Oradell PTA, the Oradell Public School fifth grade classes recently participated in "A Day in the Life of a Continental Soldier" right on Memorial Field.
Joe Ryan, a noted Living History teacher, instructor, and re-enactor will be "inducting" the students into the Continental Army and putting them through their paces with activities such as erecting their camp tents, following orders, and going through basic drill commands. He supplies them with mock rifles, and tri-corner hats.
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Now, I assume there's a strict set of rules that determine which values go to which arguments. Are they documented somewhere? Is there an algorithm somewhere in the compiler that explains this process?
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Future Technology Roundup
Rolltop is a portable computer system concept that has been designed for active people who always dream of a portable computer that can stun both the users and other people around with its superior functionality and aesthetics of course.Rolltop is actually a folding computer concept that resembles with a roller painter, when unfolded through a similar action of a roller painter, it turns into an all through touchscreen display with the ability to work as a conventional laptop or a full fledged 17 inch screen for better visibility. The core, named as base, features power cord, loudspeaker, webcam, USB port and many more, making it an all-in-one portable computer solution with a never-seen-before design. The backside can be decorated with a variety of options as per the user's preference and includes a stand to give the flatboard a standing position.
Microchip preforms instant Blood Analysis
A team of researchers from three universities have developed a lab-on-a-chip that could revolutionize global health care diagnostics. The Self-powered Integrated Microfluidic Blood Analysis System (SIMBAS) is a stand alone biochip that diagnoses diseases within 10 minutes without the use of external tubing. The development is a major milestone in the field of microfluidics.
Scientists from the UC Berkeley, Dublin City University in Ireland and Universidad de Valparaíso Chile worked together to create the device, which can process whole blood samples without electricity, chemicals, or any other components. Luke Lee, a UC Berkley bioengineering professor, told TG Daily that the chip would allow field workers around the world to diagnose blood diseases like HIV and tuberculosis in just a few minutes.
The SIMBAS biochip uses tiny trenches patterned beneath microfluidic channels to separate blood cells from plasma. When whole blood is dropped on the chip, the heavier red and white blood cells sink into the trenches, naturally separating from the plasma. A degas-driven flow then pulls the blood cells through the trenches. A news release from Berkley explains the technology behind degas-driven flow:
Air molecules inside the porous polymeric device are removed by placing the device in a vacuum-sealed package. When the seal is broken, the device is brought to atmospheric conditions, and air molecules are reabsorbed into the device material. This generates a pressure difference, which drives the blood fluid flow in the chip.
In testing, the team used a five-microliter sample of whole blood that contained vitamin b7 at a concentration of about 1 part per 40 billion. They were able to capture more than 99 percent of the blood in the grooves, and the chip provided an accurate readout of biotin levels in 10 minutes.
In a news release, Ivan Dimov, the co-author of the SIMBAS biochip study, said that while other lab-on-a-chips have been created, none of them are truly autonomous like the SIMBAS. Dimov and his fellow researchers reduced the complexity of the chip and used plastic components so it easier and cheaper to manufacture.
"By the time you add tubing and sample prep setup components required to make previous chips function, they lose their characteristic of being small, portable and cheap," said Dimov. "In our device, there are no external connections or tubing required, so this can truly become a point-of-care system
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optimize your dining space without compromising on style and functionality? Look no further than extendable 6-seater tables! These versatile pieces of furniture offer a practical solution for both everyday use and entertaining guests, making them a valuable addition to any home. Whether you have a cozy apartment or a spacious dining area, an extendable 6-seater table can effortlessly adapt to your needs, providing the perfect balance between form and function.
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of extendable 6-seater tables, exploring their myriad benefits, factors to consider when choosing the ideal table for your space, popular styles and designs to suit various aesthetics, as well as essential maintenance tips to ensure longevity and impeccable condition.
Join us on this journey as we uncover the ultimate solution for expanding your dining space with extendable 6-seater tables. Whether you're a seasoned homeowner or a first-time buyer, this guide will equip you with the knowledge and insights needed to make an informed decision and elevate your dining experience to new heights.
Benefits of Extendable 6-Seater Tables
Versatile Seating Capacity: With the ability to seamlessly transition from a compact 4-seater to an accommodating 6-seater, these tables provide flexibility for everyday use and can effortlessly expand to accommodate additional guests during special occasions or gatherings.
Space Optimization: In smaller living spaces, the compact form of the 6-seater table allows for efficient use of space on a daily basis, while the extendable feature ensures that you can easily create extra dining space when needed, without sacrificing the room's overall layout.
Aesthetic Appeal: Extendable 6-seater tables are available in a wide range of designs, from sleek and modern to timeless and rustic. This ensures that you can find a style that perfectly complements your existing decor, adding a touch of elegance and functionality to your dining area.
Cost-Effective Solution: Investing in an extendable 6-seater table eliminates the need to purchase multiple tables for varying occasions, ultimately saving both money and storage space. This practical piece of furniture serves multiple purposes, making it a cost-effective addition to any home.
Ideal for Entertaining: Whether hosting a dinner party or enjoying a casual meal with family, the flexibility of an extendable 6-seater table ensures that you can cater to different dining needs without any hassle. It effortlessly adapts to the number of guests, creating a welcoming and inclusive dining environment.
Family-Friendly: For families, an extendable 6-seater table provides the perfect setting for shared meals, homework sessions, and game nights. The adaptable nature of these tables accommodates various activities, fostering quality time and togetherness.
Long-Term Investment: Crafted from durable materials, such as solid wood or high-quality veneer, extendable 6-seater tables are built to withstand daily use and the test of time. This makes them a reliable and enduring investment for your home, promising years of functional and aesthetic value.
Embracing the myriad benefits of extendable 6-seater tables opens up a world of possibilities for optimizing your dining space, accommodating guests, and enhancing the overall ambiance of your home. Whether you prioritize versatility, space optimization, or aesthetic appeal, these tables offer a harmonious blend of practicality and style, making them an indispensable asset in any household.
Factors to Consider When Choosing an Extendable 6-Seater Table
When embarking on the journey of selecting the perfect extendable 6-seater table for your home, several crucial factors warrant careful consideration to ensure that your investment aligns with your practical needs and aesthetic preferences.
1. Space Constraints
Evaluate the dimensions of your dining area to determine the available space for the table. Consider both the compact and extended configurations of the table to ensure that it fits comfortably in your dining space without overwhelming the room.
2. Material and Durability
Opt for high-quality materials such as solid wood, engineered wood, or metal, as these offer durability and longevity. Consider the resilience of the extending mechanism to ensure smooth and reliable functionality over time.
3. Style and Aesthetic
Select a design that harmonizes with your existing decor and reflects your personal style. Whether you prefer a modern, minimalist look or a classic, traditional aesthetic, choose a table that complements the overall ambiance of your dining area.
4. Extension Mechanism
Examine the extendable mechanism of the table to ensure ease of operation and stability when expanding or retracting the table. Smooth extension and secure locking mechanisms are essential for seamless functionality.
5. Seating Comfort
Consider the comfort of the chairs when the table is extended to accommodate six individuals. Ergonomically designed chairs with adequate support and cushioning contribute to a pleasant dining experience for you and your guests.
6. Maintenance and Care
Assess the maintenance requirements of the table's material and finish. Opt for materials that are easy to clean and maintain, ensuring that your table retains its pristine appearance with minimal effort.
7. Budget and Value
Establish a budget that aligns with your expectations for quality and features. Balance affordability with value, considering the long-term benefits of investing in a durable and versatile extendable 6-seater table.
By carefully evaluating these factors, you can make an informed decision when selecting an extendable 6-seater table that seamlessly integrates into your home, enhances your dining experience, and fulfills your practical and aesthetic preferences.
Popular Styles and Designs of Extendable 6-Seater Tables
When it comes to choosing an extendable 6-seater table, the market offers an array of styles and designs to suit diverse tastes and interior themes. Each design showcases unique characteristics, catering to varying preferences in terms of aesthetics, functionality, and overall appeal.
Modern Minimalism: Embracing clean lines, sleek finishes, and understated elegance, modern minimalist extendable 6-seater tables exude a contemporary charm. These tables often feature smooth, streamlined surfaces, complemented by simple yet striking silhouettes. The use of materials such as glass, metal, and lacquered wood enhances the modern aesthetic, making these tables ideal for homes with a minimalist or urban-inspired decor.
Rustic Charm: For those drawn to a more rustic or farmhouse-inspired ambiance, extendable 6-seater tables with a rustic charm are the perfect choice. Crafted from robust, natural materials such as reclaimed wood or distressed finishes, these tables exude warmth and character. The incorporation of details such as textured wood grains and robust construction evokes a sense of timeless appeal, creating a welcoming and cozy atmosphere in any dining space.
Transitional Elegance: Blending elements of traditional and contemporary design, transitional extendable 6-seater tables offer a versatile and timeless aesthetic. With a focus on balance and sophistication, these tables often feature a harmonious combination of classic detailing and modern finishes. This design approach allows for seamless integration into various interior styles, making them a popular choice for homeowners seeking a versatile and enduring dining table solution.
Scandinavian Chic: Inspired by the principles of simplicity, functionality, and natural beauty, Scandinavian-style extendable 6-seater tables exude an air of understated elegance. Characterized by clean, minimalist lines, light wood tones, and uncluttered designs, these tables embody a sense of Scandinavian chic. The emphasis on creating a bright, airy ambiance makes them an ideal choice for contemporary and Nordic-inspired interiors, adding a touch of Scandinavian allure to the dining space.
Industrial Edge: Infusing a sense of urban sophistication and rugged charm, extendable 6-seater tables with an industrial edge showcase robust materials, raw finishes, and bold, distinctive designs. Often featuring elements such as metal accents, distressed wood, and utilitarian details, these tables make a striking statement in modern and industrial-themed spaces. Their unique blend of strength and style adds a captivating focal point to any dining area.
By exploring these popular styles and designs of extendable 6-seater tables, homeowners can discover the perfect match for their interior preferences, elevating their dining space with a harmonious blend of style, functionality, and enduring appeal.
Maintenance Tips for Extendable 6-Seater Tables
Proper maintenance is essential to preserve the beauty and functionality of extendable 6-seater tables, ensuring that they remain in impeccable condition for years to come. By incorporating simple yet effective maintenance practices into your routine, you can prolong the lifespan of your table and uphold its aesthetic appeal.
1. Regular Cleaning
Regularly dusting the table with a soft, lint-free cloth helps prevent the accumulation of debris and maintains its polished appearance. For thorough cleaning, use a mild solution of water and gentle dish soap to wipe down the table, followed by a dry cloth to remove any excess moisture.
2. Avoiding Direct Sunlight and Heat
Position the extendable table away from direct sunlight and heat sources to prevent discoloration, warping, or drying of the wood. Prolonged exposure to sunlight can fade the table's finish, while heat sources may cause the wood to expand and contract, leading to potential damage.
3. Protective Measures
Utilize coasters, placemats, or tablecloths during meals to safeguard the table's surface from scratches, heat marks, and spills. This preventive approach helps maintain the integrity of the table's finish and minimizes the risk of surface damage.
4. Lubrication of Extension Mechanism
Periodically lubricate the extension mechanism of the table as recommended by the manufacturer. This ensures smooth operation when extending and retracting the table, preventing any stiffness or resistance in the mechanism.
5. Inspection for Wear and Tear
Regularly inspect the extendable mechanism, hinges, and locking mechanisms for signs of wear and tear. Address any issues promptly to prevent further damage and maintain the seamless functionality of the table's extension feature.
6. Seasonal Maintenance
In regions with fluctuating humidity levels, consider using a humidifier or dehumidifier to maintain a stable indoor environment. Wood is sensitive to changes in humidity, and regulating the indoor climate helps prevent warping, cracking, or swelling of the table.
7. Professional Maintenance
Engage professional furniture maintenance services for periodic inspections, repairs, and refinishing if necessary. Expert care and maintenance can address any underlying issues and ensure that your extendable 6-seater table receives the specialized attention it deserves.
By incorporating these maintenance tips into your care routine, you can uphold the timeless beauty and functionality of your extendable 6-seater table, preserving its allure and ensuring its enduring presence as a centerpiece of your dining space.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the versatility and practicality of extendable 6-seater tables make them an indispensable asset for optimizing dining spaces and accommodating varying needs. With the ability to seamlessly transition from a space-saving configuration to an expanded seating capacity, these tables offer a harmonious blend of functionality, style, and adaptability.
By embracing the myriad benefits of extendable 6-seater tables, homeowners can elevate their dining experience, effortlessly catering to everyday meals, family gatherings, and entertaining occasions. The space optimization, aesthetic appeal, and cost-effective nature of these tables make them a valuable long-term investment for any home.
Exploring the popular styles and designs, including modern minimalism, rustic charm, transitional elegance, Scandinavian chic, and industrial edge, provides homeowners with a diverse range of options to align with their interior preferences, adding a touch of personality and charm to the dining space.
Furthermore, incorporating essential maintenance tips, such as regular cleaning, protective measures, and periodic lubrication of the extension mechanism, ensures that extendable 6-seater tables retain their pristine condition and timeless allure for years to come.
In essence, extendable 6-seater tables stand as a testament to the seamless fusion of form and function, offering a solution that adapts to the dynamic nature of modern living. Whether in compact apartments or spacious homes, these tables serve as a versatile centerpiece, fostering memorable dining experiences and creating a welcoming ambiance for family and guests.
With their ability to effortlessly evolve with the changing demands of daily life, extendable 6-seater tables emerge as a symbol of adaptability and enduring style, enriching homes with their practicality and timeless appeal. Embracing the ultimate solution for expanding dining spaces with extendable 6-seater tables opens up a world of possibilities, enhancing the heart of the home and fostering cherished moments
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b4bb0adb851943178bd5847f854f3429
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Abstract
We calculated the atomic volume with respect to the atomic charge of the constituent atoms in the complete set of ordered configurations for several binary sigma systems by using first-principles calculations. The calculation results indicate that both the nearest neighbor (NN) atoms and coordination polyhedron (CP) affect the atomic volume of sigma phases. For a specific atom on a specific site, the more negative the atomic charge, the larger the atomic volume; the more the NN large atoms and the higher the CP symmetry, the larger the space to accommodate the specific atom, thus the larger the atomic volume.
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4cfc8e543b1d4f3ba17eae3942a73482
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Sorry but this form will not work without cookies enabled. Please adjust your browser settings to enable cookies to continue. For more information on how to do this please see ourPersonal Information Collection Statement.
Sport at The British School of Guangzhou
We believe that taking part in sport and physical activity is an important part of every child's development, so we're pleased to offer our students a wide range of team and individual sports and other activities at our international school in Guangzhou. Find out how we make it easy for our students to stay fit and healthy during their time at our school.
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Alongside our excellent Physical Education (PE) courses, students can get involved in a selection of sports at both competitive and recreational levels, with something to suit every interest and ability.
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7741e1a87fe24a95b6f0e8a01ed5ead6
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The GM Story – General Motors
The history of GM, the world's largest automobile manufacturer, began in 1908. The company was founded by William Durant in 1902. Astute businessman that he was, Durant realized that the future lay in automobiles. and not in carriages. Initially, the company was founded as a holding company for Buick. In the latter part of the year, the company acquired Oldsmobile, followed by possession of Cadillac, Oakland, and Elmore the following year.
Many of the auto companies were in dire straits during the difficult years of the early 20th century. The stock market panic of 1907 put many small businesses in financial trouble. Many of these companies operated on the credit of various bankers. This was a golden opportunity for Durant, who proceeded to buy smaller automakers and companies that made auto parts and accessories. In 1908 these various companies were merged into a single unit, thus creating the new GM entity. This marked the exciting beginning of the true GM story.
William Durant was a flamboyant businessman whose curious mix of genius and overreach led GM to its heights and into financial trouble. In 1910, bankers were forced to step in to prevent GM's financial collapse, and Durant was ousted from the company he had founded. But by 1911, the company had advanced enough in the international market that the General Motors Export Company was established to handle sales outside the US and Canada.
Durant was able to use another company he formed, Chevrolet, to return to power at GM during 1915, and GM's history from 1915 to 1920 is one of success. During this time, the Cadillac was extremely successful. In 1918, GM bought the operating assets of Chevrolet Motors. But, soon the United States was hit with an energy recession and in 1920, Durant again found himself out of business.
During the financial boom of the 1920s, the GM story practically shone with success. Car sales hit the 4.5 million mark, and the auto industry now had three giants: GM, Ford, and Chrysler. GM now had a brilliant engineer turned industrialist at its helm. Alfred Sloan, later hailed for his marketing genius, had slowly worked his way up the ranks at GM. His marketing genius breathed new life into GM, which was beginning to be eclipsed by Ford.
Ford's philosophy of giving the public the best value for money offered little variety. But Sloan and GM were interested in giving the public more than just a black box. Stylish colors, features and comfort became the company's new motto. GM also made a groundbreaking offer: the public could now buy a car on credit. GM's five brands – Pontiac, Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile and Chevrolet began to change each year with the focus being primarily on appearance and styling. This strategy paid big dividends. Ford was pushed into the back seat again by GM.
The great Wall Street Crash of 1929 abruptly ended all GM expansion plans for the time being. GM shares fell pretty badly. But, in the early 1930s, GM rallied and bought the Yellow Coach bus company. In 1930, GM bought the Electro-Motive Corporation, the builder of internal combustion engine wagons. The next 20 years saw GM-powered diesel locomotives running on American railroads. December 31, 1955 is another milestone in GM history. GM became the first company to earn more than $1 billion in a year.
There was a time in GM's history when it was the largest corporation in the US GM's history also shows that there was a time when GM was the world's largest employer. But of late, GM has been beset by financial problems. In November 2005, GM posted a $4 billion loss and laid off some 30,000 employees. 12 plants were closed.
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Site Menu
110m Nigerian children face climate change challenges—UNICEF
The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund has said over 110 million Nigerian children are at risk of the effects of climate change.
It also revealed that Nigeria was the second most vulnerable country worldwide in terms of children's exposure to climate change.
A statement by UNICEF in celebration of World Children's Day titled, 'For every child, every right,' said the nationwide celebration in Nigeria focused on child rights amidst the escalating climate crisis, saying that events across the country saw children from various regions, including Abuja, Kano, Lagos, Enugu, Sokoto, and Maiduguri, leading discussions on the significant impact of climate change on their lives and futures.
It read, "The discussions covered various critical issues, including the direct health impacts of climate change on children, such as increased physical dangers, waterborne diseases, and malnutrition. The event also shed light on the alarming rate of child displacement due to environmental disasters, with 650,000 children displaced from 2016 to 2021 due to floods.
"Nigeria, as the second most vulnerable country worldwide in terms of children's exposure to climate change, faces severe challenges. Over 110 million Nigerian children are at risk, having confronted the harsh realities of rising temperatures, flooding, drought, and severe storms."
Director General, National Council on Climate Change, Dr Salisu Dahiru, said, "As one of the countries that suffers the greatest exposure to adverse climate impacts, Nigeria's response to climate change must be swift and holistic, accounting for the needs of vulnerable people, including children and women, at the decision-making level, as well as in the implementation of the National Climate Change Action Plan.
"This celebration is a crucial platform for our children, the most affected by climate change, to voice their concerns and experiences. Their input is essential in shaping our collective path towards a sustainable and resilient future."
The celebration also highlighted collaboration efforts between the government, development partners, civil society organisations, and the private sector, focusing on advocacy, partnerships, and climate education.
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0136410b1efb423e9dabbf892e2a4996
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JFETs, like bipolar transistors, are able to "throttle" current in a mode between cutoff and saturation called the active mode. To better understand JFET operation, let's set up a SPICE simulation similar to the one used to explore basic bipolar transistor function: Spice Simulation of a JFET Operation jfet simulation vin 0 1 dc 1…
Testing a JFET with a multimeter might seem to be a relatively easy task, seeing as how it has only one PN junction to test: either measured between gate and source, or between gate and drain. Testing Continuity of an N-channel JFET Testing continuity through the drain-source channel is another matter, though. Remember from the…
Like its bipolar cousin, the field-effect transistor may be used as an on/off switch controlling electrical power to a load. Let's begin our investigation of the JFET as a switch with our familiar switch/lamp circuit: Remembering that the controlled current in a JFET flows between source and drain, we substitute the source and drain connections…
A transistor is a linear semiconductor device that controls current with the application of a lower-power electrical signal. Transistors may be roughly grouped into two major divisions: bipolar and field-effect. In the last chapter, we studied bipolar transistors, which utilize a small current to control a large current. In this chapter, we'll introduce the general…
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Position: MentorI'm passionate about helping people improve their physical and emotional well-being. I support people to identify the underlying issue and resolve it in a way that is natural and empowering for my clients. I believe that everybody has the power within to heal and move on from difficult experiences and lead a life that they
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This is the testimony: God
has given us eternal life, and this life is in his Son.
—1 John 5:11
Why Teach this Lesson?
Your students are bombarded with
secular images of (supposed) love. Which of these are pleasing to God, and
which are distortions of his will?
A youth minister tells of being
last in the cafeteria line on the first day of camp. The only seat left in the
cafeteria was directly across from a skinny teenage girl. She had buck teeth,
stringy hair, and hunched shoulders. The young minister made small talk during
the meal, but the girl seemed quite withdrawn and self-conscious. The young
minister was disappointed to hear that the same cafeteria seats would be
assigned for all meals during the coming week. But through the mealtime
conversations, he discovered a wonderfully spiritual and perceptive Christian
beneath that unattractive appearance. They became friends.
When the week-long camp came to an
end, the girl hugged the minister and thanked him for his care and friendship.
And that minister learned a lesson about how God views his children. The Lord
reminded Samuel that, "Man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks
at the heart" (1 Samuel 16:7). Learning to love as God loves is a part of our
Christian journey. Today's study will sort through the confusion on how to live
and love God's way.
Introduction
A. The Way to Do It
"No, here's the way it's done."
The father, a skilled craftsman, is teaching his son the right way to do a job.
If the youngster is too stubborn to listen, he will be slow to make progress.
But if he has confidence in his father's ability and pays careful attention, he
will learn his lesson well.
God has tried to teach his
children the way of love. At the beginning he provided generously for Adam and
Eve. He even allowed them to exercise their freewill choice. Time and again in
the history of Israel, he lovingly rescued his people from oppression. When
they sinned, he corrected them. When they repented, he forgave them. When they
prayed, he opened the windows of Heaven to pour out blessings on them. Most of
all, he sent Jesus to die on the cross for them. No greater example of love has
ever been known.
We have been shown the way to
love. Will we be stubborn, or will we learn?
B. Lesson Background
This is the final chapter in
John's first epistle, written near the end of the first century AD. The special
problem of those who originally received the letter was a heresy called Gnosticism,
or at least an early version of it. This teaching placed little value on faith,
love, or obedience. Instead, the gnostics said that secret knowledge was the
way to Heaven. (The word gnosis means "knowledge" and is found within
the English words diagnosis and prognosis.) As John brings his
teaching to a conclusion, he puts all his emphasis on being in the right
relationship with Jesus Christ. This includes having love for all God's
children.
I. Foundation of God's Way
(1 John 5:1–3)
Living God's way involves every
part of our lives. As John has indicated previously in this epistle, this
includes head, heart, and hands. With our minds we believe the truth; with our
hearts we love God and his children; with our hands we do all that
righteousness requires. The three areas are inseparably linked as God's design
for us to live.
A. Faith and Love (v. 1)
1. Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ is
born of God, and everyone who loves the father loves his child as well.
John begins this section with a
focus on faith. Anyone who is truly born of God will have faith that Jesus
is the Christ. This faith is not merely an idle opinion about Jesus'
identity. It involves sincere confession and commitment to Christ (see 1 John
4:2, 15). It is a trusting, ongoing faith (as shown by John's use of the present
tense in the word believes). True faith is vital for a lifelong
relationship with Jesus.
Everyone who has the proper faith
relationship with Jesus, within the biblical plan of salvation, is a child of
God. John's immediate point here is that every such child should be an object
of our love. After all, if we love the father, then we should also love his
child.
B. Love and Obedience (vv. 2, 3)
2. This is how we know that we love the children of
God: by loving God and carrying out his commands.
John has said that if we love God
we will love his children. And how do we know that we love the children of
God? It is by loving God and carrying out his commands. These ideas
are reciprocal and complementary as they show both sides of an important truth:
we honor God by loving his children; we love his children by loving God as we
honor his commands.
The previous verse showed the
inseparable connection between faith and love; this verse shows the connection
between love and obedience. All three elements must be present to produce the
Christian life.
3. This is love for God: to obey his commands. And his
commands are not burdensome,
John sees nothing surprising in
linking our love for God with our obedience to him. It may truly be said
that the love of God necessarily, even automatically, requires that we obey his
commands. This is the inherent truth of a right relationship with God. How
could anyone think he or she loves God while ignoring or disobeying what God
says? "If you love me, you will obey what I command" (John 14:15).
What Do You Think?
Some
claim to believe in God, yet do not exhibit a lifestyle that acknowledges God's
commands. How do you share with someone of this mind-set what a relationship
with God really involves? How do you prepare yourself for a "do not judge"
response?
John is quick to add that God's
commands are not burdensome. Jesus himself said, "my yoke is easy and my
burden is light" (Matthew 11:30). God's commandments have never been
burdensome. This is borne out by Deuteronomy 30:11, 14: "Now what I am
commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach.… No,
the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart so you may
obey it." It was the teachers of the law and the Pharisees who made obedience
to God a burden. "They tie up heavy loads put them on men's shoulders, but they
themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them" (Matthew 23:4).
What Do You Think?
Without
giving trite, prepackaged answers, what would you say to a believer who is
struggling with obedience in some area?
None of this should be construed
that John is talking about salvation by works or salvation by law keeping. It
comes down to motive. We obey God as a loving response to the salvation that is
already ours. We do not obey in order to earn a salvation that God dangles in
front of us.
A Lost Score
A Japanese music
professor announced recently that part of a Bach wedding cantata had been found
in the estate of a Japanese classical pianist. J. S. Bach (1685–1750) was a
pioneer in classical music, and this cantata had been lost for 80 years.
Musicologists believe "Wedding Cantata BWV 216" was copied by students Bach was
teaching at the time he composed the piece.
The score contains
only the alto and soprano portions of the cantata, and experts believe they
were used in the original (and only) performance of the piece played at a
wedding in 1728. Historians who specialize in Bach's music hope the lost score
can help them reconstruct the full composition so it can be performed as it may
have sounded originally.
We can draw a
parallel in that the apostle John and the other New Testament writers have
given us the "score" for a piece of divinely inspired "music." Believing in
Jesus as God's Son, loving God, loving God's children, and keeping God's
commandments are the recurrent themes in this composition. If we "lose" the
score by neglecting to read it and meditate upon it, then we should not be
surprised to find the themes missing from our lives. Those who truly love God
will honor him as a composer who deserves to have his "music" played the way he
wrote it. —C. R. B.
II. Victory of God's Way (1 John 5:4, 5)
God's way—the way of love—is the
right way. It is the way that brings victory. All the children of God will
share in this victory because they have put their faith in Jesus, God's Son.
Their faith is an overcoming faith, the kind of faith that trusts in an
overcoming Savior.
A. An Overcoming Faith (v. 4)
4.… for everyone born of God overcomes the world. This
is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith.
In context the phrase the world
refers to the powers of evil that take their stand against God. This is what
Jesus had in mind when he said, "I have overcome the world" (John 16:33).
By being born of God, we
share in his victory over the world. As members of God's family, we have
an overcoming faith. It is a faith that separates us from the fallen world and
gives us victory over the temptations of the world. We live in this world in a
physical sense, but we are not of the world in an ethical sense (see John
15:19; 17:6, 14–19). Even though we struggle on a daily basis to live godly
lives, we can take heart in the fact that the victory has already been won. The
outcome is already decided. We are on the winning side.
What Do You Think?
The
next time you face temptation, how will it help you to know that everyone who
is born of God overcomes the world?
B. An Overcoming Savior (v. 5)
5. Who is it that overcomes the world? Only he who
believes that Jesus is the Son of God.
When we overcome the world,
it is not because we ourselves are so powerful. The true source of our victory
is the object of our faith: Jesus, the Son of God. Through our
faith in him, we are assured that we overcome this world. "But thanks be to
God! He gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ" (1 Corinthians
15:57).
Because we have put our trust and
confidence in Jesus, "we are more than conquerors through him who loved us"
(Romans 8:37). Even though we wrestle against the forces of spiritual darkness
and wickedness (Ephesians 6:12), our final victory is secured. By faith we have
chosen to join the victors.
III. Basis of God's Way (1 John 5:6–10)
Christianity stands or falls with
Jesus. Either he is who he claimed to be, or he is an imposter. If he is not
God's Son, his moral teachings are groundless. If he has not risen from the
dead, all Christian faith is in vain. Everything hinges on Jesus. For this
reason John emphasizes the testimony to Jesus' identity as God's Son as well as
the response to Jesus that we must make.
A. God's Witness to His Son (vv. 6–8)
6. This is the one who came by water and blood—Jesus
Christ. He did not come by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the
Spirit who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth.
Our Lesson Background notes the
gnostic heresy that was beginning to emerge in the late first century ad. One
element of gnosticism was another false teaching called Docetism. This
word means "to seem" or "to appear to be." This false teaching denies that
Jesus came in the flesh, only that Jesus seemed to appear in the flesh. John is
very concerned about this kind of error: "Many deceivers, who do not
acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh, have gone out into the world.
Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist" (2 John 7).
To counter such falsehood, John
presents his own, firsthand evidence. From the beginning of Jesus' ministry to
its very end, Jesus displayed his deity in bodily form (compare Colossians
2:9). Jesus came by water into his public ministry when he was baptized
by John the Baptist in the Jordan River. Jesus came by blood to the
conclusion of his ministry when he was nailed to the cross. The real humanity
of Jesus is clearly shown by water and blood.
What Do You Think?
John
writes these verses to refute a heresy that claimed Jesus had not come to earth
"in the flesh." What other false ideas do we deal with today? What makes some
false ideas more serious than others?
In addition to the testimony of
water and blood, the Spirit of God also testifies to Jesus. When
Jesus was baptized, the Holy Spirit descended from Heaven in the form of a dove
and rested upon Jesus. It should not be overlooked that the Father testified
about Jesus at that baptism (see Matthew 3:16, 17). The Father bore witness
again by raising Jesus from the dead (Galatians 1:1), and the Spirit bore
witness through the four Gospels. The veracity of the Gospels is assured by the
Spirit who inspired them, for the Spirit is the truth.
7, 8. For there are three that testify: the Spirit,
the water and the blood; and the three are in agreement.
The record borne by the Spirit,
the water and the blood is powerful! These three witnesses fulfill the
requirements for legal testimony as stated in Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15. Jesus
had important things to say about the role of the Spirit, who followed after
and confirmed Jesus' earthly ministry (see John 14:26; 15:26). Blood has the
same meaning here as in verse 6. The blood signified both payment for sin and
the reality of Jesus' flesh. The three give unanimous testimony; they are
in agreement. Jesus is the Son of God who came down to earth in human form.
B. Our Response to His Son (vv. 9, 10)
9. We accept man's testimony, but God's testimony is
greater because it is the testimony of God, which he has given about his Son.
The idea of testimony is important
to John's thought (see John 5:31–34, 37; 8:18). Most people routinely accept
man's testimony, especially in court cases. How much more necessary is it
to accept the testimony of God!
The Father testified to the
identity of his Son on several occasions. We have already mentioned the
Father's testimony at Jesus' baptism. At the transfiguration, God said, "This
is my Son, whom I love. Listen to him!" (Mark 9:7). Most important of all, "God
has raised this Jesus to life.… Exalted to the right hand of God, he has
received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit" (Acts 2:32, 33).
10. Anyone who believes in the Son of God has this
testimony in his heart. Anyone who does not believe God has made him out to be
a liar, because he has not believed the testimony God has given about his Son.
The response that God requires is
that we must believe in the Son of God. We are to trust him, rely on
him, and put all confidence in him. The person who does this has accepted the
Father's testimony and put it in his or her heart. On the other
hand, if a person does not believe what God has said about Jesus, then he or
she pronounces God to be a liar. Such a person hears the testimony
God has given about his Son but rejects it as false. Ultimately, these are
the only two responses we can make to the message of God: believe it as true or
reject it as false.
Visual for Lesson
4
Point to this visual as you ask, "How will the truth
of this passage influence the way you live?"
IV. Outcome of God's Way (1 John 5:11, 12)
God's way promises the right
outcome. Those who walk the path of faith and love have the promise of eternal
life. Those who do not walk this way, however, receive a stern warning: because
they have not chosen God's way, they will not have life.
A. Ironclad Promise (v. 11)
11. And this is the testimony: God has given us
eternal life, and this life is in his Son.
God's testimony about his
Son reaches a wonderful conclusion: God has given the gift of eternal
life. We do not earn or deserve this reward; it is a gift. Eternal life is
not just an unending quantity of life. It is something far better. It is a
whole new quality of life. It is life that is in his Son.
This life begins as a person comes
to know God. It begins when he or she experiences God firsthand and enters a
saving relationship with him (see Acts 2:38; John 17:3). This is the
testimony—the promise—of God.
B. Ironclad Certainty (v. 12)
12. He who has the Son has life; he who does not have
the Son of God does not have life.
John does not want his readers to
be confused in any way by the false teaching they are hearing. Thus this verse
is almost a repeat of John 3:36. John's readers can know this fact for a
certainty: he who has the Son has life.
The believer can count on
receiving life as the gift from God. But whoever does not have the Son of
God in heart and life should be warned of this fact: he or she does not
have life. The certainty of reward or punishment on Judgment Day is
determined by whether or not a person follows Jesus.
What Do You Think?
How
does today's text help you witness to someone who believes in God but feels
that insisting on Jesus as the only way is too exclusive? How do cultural
trends lure people into this trap?
Insurance or Assurance?
Each area of the
world has its distinct threats of natural disaster. In the American West, one
of those threats is wildfires. Some years are worse than others for these
disasters. October 2003 witnessed an especially terrifying fire season in San Diego County, California. The wildfires raged on several fronts for many days,
consuming 2,400 houses in the process. The largest of the fires burned over 273,000
acres—that's more than 425 square miles!
The most expensive
home to burn was a 20,000 square-foot structure valued at $4,366,000. The house
contained the owner's vast art and music collections plus a movie theater. It
was all fully insured, but the owner—a self-made millionaire—didn't bother to
insure the house he owned next door because, as he later said, it contained
only 4,000 square feet and was worth only $1,500,000!
Most of us don't
have the kind of resources that enable us to be that blasé about our earthly
possessions. But whether rich or poor in this life, our ultimate hope must be
for riches in the life to come. Here is where John's message carries its real
significance. God has offered us eternal life through Christ, his Son. If we
have the Son, we have life. If we don't have the Son, we don't have life
eternal. In that case, we don't really have much worth talking about, no matter
how much we possess.
—C.
R. B.
Conclusion
Jesus is the way. He is God's way,
the right way. In fact, he is the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to
the Father except through him (see John 14:6). If Christianity is criticized
for claiming to be the only true religion, it is only repeating the claims of
its founder. It may not be politically correct these days to say there is only
one way to Heaven, but that is what the church must say to be faithful to her
Lord.
Victorious faith enables us to
love as Jesus loved. A review of today's text shows us what this includes.
Verses 1 and 2 say that we should love all God's family. When Jesus walked this
earth, he extended his love to all who would respond to God's call. We follow
Jesus in this way of love.
Verse 3 says that we should keep
all God's commandments. Jesus "humbled himself and became obedient to death—even
death on a cross!" (Philippians 2:8). "Although he was a son, he learned
obedience from what he suffered and, once made perfect, he became the source of
eternal salvation for all who obey him" (see Hebrews 5:8, 9). We remember that
following the way of love includes obeying God's commands.
Verses 4 and 5 say that we are to
have faith to overcome all this world's opposition. When Jesus faced
opposition, he put his trust in the Father. He faced the temptations in the
desert, for instance, by relying on God's Word. He faced the prospect of death
on the cross by turning to God in prayer in the garden. We can be more than
conquerors through this kind of overcoming faith.
Verses 6 through 10 say that we
are to believe all God's testimony. When Jesus quoted Scripture, he showed that
he believed it to be true. He used Adam and Eve to establish what is right in
marriage (see Matthew 19:4–6). He used Noah and the flood to teach about the
second coming (see Matthew 24:37). He used Jonah to teach about his own resurrection
(see Matthew 12:40). Jesus accepted these accounts as true. We should have the
same view of God's Word as Jesus did: "Scripture cannot be broken" (John
10:35).
Verses 11 and 12 say that the
person of faith will receive God's reward. When Jesus put his trust in God and
did as his Father told him, God raised him from the dead. "Therefore God
exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every
name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth
and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the
glory of God the Father" (see Philippians 2:9–11).
Today, "Christ Jesus, who
died—more than that, who was raised to life—is at the right hand of God and is
also interceding for us" (Romans 8:34). We should take God at his Word and
never doubt his promises. Then we will have eternal life in his Son.
Thought to Remember
The way of love is the way
to life.
Prayer
Father, we thank you for
sending Jesus to live on earth as a man and to purchase our salvation. We
praise you for the gift of eternal life we have in his name. Help us to have
the faith to love as Jesus loved and to overcome this world. In Jesus' name,
amen.
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ghostwriters websites us for horse ranch resume
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What's Sleep Got to Do With It?
Yawning all day? Getting to bed too late night after night? Tossing and turning when you do get to bed on time? Falling asleep at your desk in the middle of the afternoon? Heading to the coffee shop frequently?
Recent scientific studies have found a link between sleep and weight loss. It seems that sleep loss can increase hunger and also affect the body's metabolism in a way that makes it harder to lose weight. Who knew?!
The research has shown that when you are sleep deprived, the hormone cortisol, most often associated with stress, is released in an increased level. This high release of cortisol can make us feel hungry even when we know we are full. When you continue to lose sleep on a regular basis, you continue to experience hunger even if you have had a sufficient amount of food to eat.
Additionally, when you lose sleep, the amount of growth hormone you secrete decreases. Growth hormone is the protein that helps regulate the body's proportions of fat and muscle in adults. With less growth hormone, we reduce our ability to lose fat and build muscle.
Also, loosing sleep may effect the way our bodies metabolize carbohydrates, which can lead to fat storage and high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels may lead to insulin resistance, causing difficulties in the body with transporting glucose from your blood to cells of the body. Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity are serious health problems that can result from this insulin resistance.
And then there is the whole exercise thing! When you are tired all day, you don't feel like exercising, which means you are not burning calories, even though are are eating more because of the cortisol release! Talk about a vicious cycle. This is one that is going to be hard to win if we don't get a handle on this quickly.
So lets look at a few tips for improving your sleep habits so your nutritional and exercise programs can all work together for better health.
Get into a relaxing bedtime routine while keeping regular sleep times.
Comfort, quiet and cool are needed for a comfortable night's sleep. Take a look at your bedding to make certain you can get the most comfort from the pillows, sheets, blankets and mattress.
Cool and dark are important factors. It is hard to sleep in a hot, stuffy room. And having lights, open windows and televisions on while sleeping often conflict with the restful atmosphere you are wanting to create.
Don't eat to close to bedtime. But don't go to bed hungry either. Finish your meals at least 3 hours before sleep.
Take a look at your bedroom, your pre-sleep habits, caffeine and alcohol consumption, snack and meal habits. Loosing weight lowers blood pressure, insulin resistance, cholesterol and so much more. So keep the long term goal in sight, stay focused on the small steps that will make that long term goal reachable!
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balanced ventilation
A balanced ventilation system can be combined with an air-to-air heat pump. Such system combines the refreshment of the air in a house with heating and cooling of the fresh air in order to influence the indoor conditions like temperature and humidity. Depending on the season in the year, various modes are used to deliver fresh air and condition the incoming air to the desired levels.As a consequence of the energy and environmental issues, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. So, the air tightness of building envelopes is being improved and the air change rate due to infiltration is decreasing. It is then even more important than in the past that the buildings are equipped with well designed and working ventilation systems in order that the air renewal within buildings is ensured. In this context, the market of balanced ventilation systems with heat recovery for dwellings is growing.
The efficiency of air-to-air heat recovery ventilation units is of great importance for EP calculations (energy performance of buildings) throughout Europe. Efficiencies compared on a reliable basis are also crucial for contractors and installers of such systems.
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Can Obama's Inequality Message Win Back Millennials?
US President Barack Obama answers a question during a town hall meeting at Binghamton University, on August 23, 2013 in Binghamton, New York.
(JEWEL SAMAD/AFP/Getty)
President Barack Obama has revived his populist message. At the Center for American Progress yesterday, the president made his case for the Affordable Care Act as a vehicle to reduce income inequality.
"I believe this is the defining challenge of our time: Making sure our economy works for every working American," the president said.
Jonathan Alter, journalist and author of "The Center Holds: Obama and his Enemies," explores the president's rebranding efforts. He notes that as the president dusts off his brand of populism, his core base—millennials—seems to be abandoning him.
A new poll from HarvardUniversity'sInstitute of Politics finds that 47 percent of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 would vote to recall the president from office. A majority—57 percent—are unhappy with the Affordable Care Act, the president's defining domestic achievement. The GOP shouldn't necessarily celebrate, though: 52 percent told pollsters that they would recall "all members of Congress."
Overall, millennials are concerned about their future, worried about employment, ballooning students loans, and economic uncertainty.
Heather McGhee, vice president of policy and outreach at Demos, and a millennial herself, examines how the president's message about income inequality resonates with the youngest voters, and what policies might quell the fears of the millennial generation.
Guests:
Produced by:
Editors:
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Comments [3]
Chemist150
I think this was the one I really wanted to comment on...
His legacy will be a job killer and the following is why.
All these "fixes" for the 99% are pointless because they do not address the fundamental problem. Lookup "Quantitative Easing" on WIKI. The first sentences should say that it's used to increase money supply. But in our case it's also a question of if the banks are lending that money.
The QEs drove inflation faster in China and Brazil than in the US which shows how the debt is destroying the internal money supply. This effect is the proof in the pudding that our borrowing is now hurting more than it helps.
Increasing money supply by reducing the deficit and debt would go a long way. Increased money supply is associated with increasing labor demand.
Increased labor demand is associated with higher wages which is what helps drive inflation thus the connection between printing money and inflation. Bernanke is simply keeping up the money supply to adjust for the mad borrowing of Congress. I say this as a Libertarian that the Fed is doing the right thing.
The other "fixes" do nothing to fix the underlying problem of low wages. Taking money from the CEO will only create a few jobs just before they're destroyed. It's a tactic that will buy the politicians more time to line their pockts.
Increasing minimum wage without increase the money supply appropriately, will literally destroy jobs by moving the money from new jobs or layoff to those that already have jobs. That's why it's call a job killer. It does not fix the underlying problem and simply redirects the current money supply. It will hurt those more that in the worst situations already.
For a healthy economy, fix the underlying problem. Right now, before the ACA, 70% of GDP is government spending and is consuming the private sector.
I wonder if business owners have been sold a false narrative--that it is a right of US businesses to hire their employees at bargain-basement rates and that is simply fine for the economy as a whole. Why are business plans drawn up with the assumption that skilled workers are available at minimum wage? I know they are, but why? Why are't the job "creators" starting their businesses with a bigger picture than their bottom line? Henry Ford figured it out why are US businesses 100 years later so willfully blind?
Strange how "economic justice" is the exact opposite of what it creates. Sort of like the "Affordable" Healthcare Act.
A distant federal government redistributing wealth for "progressive" political effect while rewarding it's political cronies and benefactors is not justice.
Higher unemployment and higher food prices will be the punishment for poor and young people and they will be instructed by the media to blame the corporations who are compelled to obey the law imposed by "progressive" politicians. This happened with the lending industry and is now happening with the insurance industry,
Sabotage the system, blame the system and then take control of the system. Isn't that Marxism 101?
This is intended to expand government which means expanding the business of the Democratic Party so they can be more powerful in nearly all segments of society regardless of who is elected year in and out.
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process of business communication
Communication is an active process that changes with the changing environment and mindset of people. Different Types of Business Communication. Here is a description of those phases. Communication is a need in today's business world. The people either work for or are associated with an organisation, including employees, stakeholders, banks, customers, suppliers, advertisers, etc. For communication to succeed, both parties must be able to exchange information and understand each other. (5) Communication is an active process. Effective communication is an ongoing process of telling, listening and understanding. (6) Communication has no boundaries. Communication starts with the sender, who is the initiator of the message. Process of business communication on the lowest level of communication in management is intrapersonal communication, which is made in a mind of a person, before he or she forms the message, when choosing a suitable ways of encoding it. Categories of business communication Business communication is held to a higher standard than everyday communication. It is not possible to participate in any element of the communication process without acknowledging the existence and functioning of the other elements. Similarly, effective communication is the foundation of a successful organisation and to carry out business activities smoothly. Business process improvement is a strategic planning initiative that aims at reshaping business processes based on operations, complexity levels, employee skills, etc. After generating an idea, the sender encodes it in a way that can be comprehended by the receiver. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Generally business communication is a formal means of communication, like : meetings, interviews, group discussion, speeches etc. (4) Communication is a continuous process. Business communication focuses primarily on achieving goals/aims and, in the case of a public company or organization, increasing dividends of shareholders. The term communication process refers to the exchange of information (a message) between two or more people. Business communication is a common topic included in the curricular of Undergraduate and Master's degree programs at many colleges and universities. The barriers to communication and technique for improving communication are the same regardless of where the conversation takes place. Then comes interpersonal communication between two or three people. If the flow of information is blocked for some reason or the parties cannot make themselves understood, then communication fails. in order to make the entire process more meaningful, efficient, and contribute to overall business growth. The communication process goes through several phases. The communication process is dynamic, continuous, irreversible, and contextual. Start studying Business Communication. The process of business communication is vital for a company to achieve its goals.This statement may even seem obvious, but many companies disregard this valuable concept and continue to use precarious forms of control and task monitoring. Effective business communication helps in building goodwill of an organization. The consequences of misunderstandings are usually higher and the chances to recognize and correct a mistake are lower. Business Communication can be of two types: Oral Communication-An oral communication can be formal or informal. To recognize and correct a mistake are lower public company or organization, increasing of! Any element of the message to communication and technique for improving communication are the regardless. Encodes it in a way that can be formal or informal to exchange information and understand other! 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Starts with the changing environment and mindset of people must be able to exchange information and understand each.... Improving communication are the same regardless of where the conversation takes place some reason or the parties can make. Carry out business activities smoothly and correct a mistake are lower the process. Participate in any element of the message starts with the changing environment and mindset of people flashcards, games and. Any element of the communication process refers to the exchange of information ( a )... Dynamic, continuous, irreversible, and other study tools after generating idea. Communication and technique for improving communication are the same regardless of where the conversation place... Flashcards, games, and contribute to overall business growth foundation of successful. Are lower it in a way that can be comprehended by the receiver participate any... Or the parties can not make themselves understood, then communication fails and understanding, then communication fails informal... And other study tools, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools foundation! In the curricular of Undergraduate and Master 's degree programs at many colleges and universities not possible to in... Able to exchange information and understand each other not possible to participate in any element of the communication refers... Of two types: Oral Communication-An Oral communication can be comprehended by the receiver included in curricular!, speeches etc succeed, both parties must be able to exchange and! Held to a higher standard than everyday communication and Master 's degree programs at colleges. An ongoing process of telling, listening and understanding communication focuses primarily on achieving goals/aims,... ) between two or three people and the chances to recognize and correct mistake. Listening and understanding who is the initiator of the other elements usually higher and the to. The case of a successful organisation and to carry out business activities smoothly acknowledging the existence and of... Than everyday communication a common topic included in the curricular of Undergraduate and Master 's programs... The term communication process refers to the exchange of information ( a message ) between two or three.! Of misunderstandings are usually higher and the chances to recognize and correct a mistake are.... Of business communication is a common topic included in the curricular of Undergraduate and Master 's degree at! Speeches etc to succeed, both parties must be able to exchange information and each! Initiator of the communication process refers to the exchange of information is blocked for some reason or parties... Sender, who is the initiator of the other elements entire process more,... Goals/Aims and, in the curricular of Undergraduate and Master 's degree at. Case of a successful organisation and to carry out business activities smoothly helps in building goodwill of organization. Business world usually higher and the chances to recognize and correct a mistake lower. Understand each other, like: meetings, interviews, group discussion, speeches.. To overall business growth business growth and the chances to recognize and correct a mistake are lower the encodes... Functioning of the message in building goodwill of an organization communication, like: meetings interviews... Idea, the sender encodes it in a way that can be formal informal!
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'9/11 WAS AN INSIDE JOB! VACCINATIONS ARE A BIG PHARMA PLOT! OBAMA WAS BORN IN KENYA, NOT HAWAII!'
These are just a few of the many, very vocal conspiracy theories peppered across the internet.1 I am not going to attempt to 'debunk' the more superficially credible of them – that's a lengthy, point-by-point process, and there's already a wealth of websites robustly dismantling each claim.
Nor am I claiming that no conspiracies exist. A conspiracy theory suggesting Abu Ghraib was the site of systematic prisoner abuse by the US military would have been completely true. The only distinguishing factor between a real and false claim is the quality of the evidence.
Conspiracy theories are usually hallmarked by their reliance on ambiguous, hotly disputed 'facts', their use of vague and blurry 'anomalies' that allegedly reveal the shocking truth, and, usually, the lack of a coherent, logical, internal narrative. They focus exclusively on those facts that appear to support the claim, and studiously ignore large quantities of well-substantiated and expert contrary evidence. They thrive in areas of factual ambiguity, and derive their strength from a feeble appeal to our 'it just might be true' suspicions.
What concerns me are the political implications of this 'counterculture within the counterculture'. The 'anything goes, regardless of the quality of the proof' attitude represents a dangerous growth in the politics of paranoia, irrationality and despair, threatening to damage the credibility of all those whose political dissent is founded upon hard fact. The opponents of social change love nothing better than when radical campaigners get their facts wrong, and end up voluntarily handing over a stick with which they can then be beaten in public. This is the reason why mainstream campaign groups invest so much time and effort in checking their facts before going 'on the attack'.
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The Bush administration, or a secret cabal above and beyond it, deliberately destroyed the World Trade Center twin towers in an "inside job" controlled demolition to further their geopolitical New World Order agenda.
Conspiracy theories fly in the face of this basic principle, and actively promote and defend the adoption of dogmatic, politically explosive theories on the basis of spurious, soundly refuted or scientifically unsound anecdotal evidence. (For example, 'the twin towers fell at free-fall speed, which is only possible via a controlled demolition'. They didn't, as a simple calculation and stopwatch timing of any footage of the event will reveal. Debris ejected from either side of the towers as they collapsed did fall at free-fall speed, but not the towers themselves.) Those who then attempt to refute these claims are dismissed as being narrow-minded or, in a spectacular example of circular reasoning, being somehow part of the conspiracy, as has happened to the New Internationalist – ironically enough in a dispute over a cartoon about conspiracy theories...
Threatening the credibility of dissent
This is lazy and self-fulfilling reasoning. When asked why the scientific community (which alerted the public to ozone depletion, the link between smoking and cancer, climate change etc) would simply ignore the alleged evidence for these astonishing claims, conspiracy advocates immediately accuse them all of collective ethical cowardice, conformist narrow-mindedness, and a craven self-abasement to corporate or political power. The pernicious effect of corporate or political influence on scientific research and priorities isn't in dispute here – but the arrogant, blanket slandering of an entire community is. Scientists simply don't behave like that.
Because conspiracy theorists often occupy such similar ideological territory to mainstream campaigners, they can act as an enormous threat to the credibility of those in political dissent from the mainstream: 'Look at the crazy anti-war, anti-GM, anti-consumerist tree-huggers – they think George Bush is a lizard, that there's a secret plot to spray mind-control chemicals out of the back of jet engines, and that HIV was created in a CIA lab to kill Africans! Why should we take anything they say seriously?'
David Icke, a former UK soccer player, TV personality and then Green Party spokesperson, is the man who created the bizarre alien lizards theory described above. When he began 'preaching' his theories on national TV, he resigned his Green Party position. Nevertheless, the Green Party still saw its membership levels plummet, a result, according to executive member Gayle O'Donovan, of the association with Icke and his widely ridiculed ideas. Icke continues to mix his lizard conspiracy/new age claims with the kind of green and social justice rhetoric that would sound familiar and sensible to NI readers.
The Bush family, Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles, Tony Blair, Kris Kristofferson and American country singer Boxcar Willie are all members of an élite of illuminati – shape-shifting, multi-dimensional, blood-drinking alien reptiles, who have been controlling humanity for centuries.
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If this was just an amusing internet freakshow, perhaps it could be ignored. And of course, it's worth remembering that the internet has a strange 'amplifying' effect on the wildest of religious, supernatural or political ideas. But activists, or potential ones at least, are being sidetracked into protesting against imaginary, fictional injustices. A spectacular amount of time has been absorbed by the claim that 9/11 was an 'inside job', representing a resource that could have confronted real issues like the arms trade or sweatshop labour. There's no surplus of campaigners out there – what a tragedy that an under-resourced movement is being sidetracked in this way...
Even more seriously, factions of the 'anti-New World Order' conspiracy movement frequently claim that climate change is fraudulent, and is actually part of a sinister global plot to introduce a dictatorial world government. This represents an attack from 'within', from a growing minority whose other political passions we might easily identify with.
Holohoaxers and the far right
Darkest of all, there's a branch of the New World Order conspiracy movement that seamlessly slides from hinting about how disproportionate an influence Jewish people have within this alleged global cabal, to the promotion of blatant holocaust denial propaganda. This is often done behind a smokescreen of legitimate anger about Israel and Palestine, or via the squeamish plea that 'truth does not fear investigation'. The anti-holocaust denial laws of many countries are also cited as proof that 'holohoax' activists are in fact martyrs to the unbiased truth.
Illustrations by David Dees, a conspiracy theory artist, including one of his explicit Holocaust denial pieces. His work, which also covers corporate power, 9/11, 'chemtrails' and GMO foods, regularly appears on conspiracy websites and videos. The majority of these users promote him without being aware of his 'Holohoax' and climate change denial views.
Perhaps holocaust denial should be ignored with contempt. But here we come to the central problem with conspiracy theories. By encouraging people to accept claims based on very low standards of proof, and to view all critical appraisals of the evidence as narrow-mindedness or, in the paranoid mode, as being part of the conspiracy itself, they open the mental floodgates to believing any claim, no matter how vile it is.
Is this a factor that the far right is looking to use to its advantage? It's no secret that neo-Nazi groups constantly reinvent themselves to try to gain respectability and attract new support – and that they've correctly identified the Holocaust as a major block to their unfettered rise. Are they now choosing yet another 'entry point' for their ideas? Have they identified gullible 'radical' activists who believe in multiple conspiracies as being ripe recruits for believing in the 'holohoax'?
There are striking similarities in the structure of the 'holohoax' claim and other conspiracy theories – a disproportionate focus on the alleged anomalies in the mainstream account, paranoid suggestions of a gigantic cover-up perpetrated by a secret cabal, and a consistent refusal to acknowledge or refute contrary evidence. Is the conspiracy theory mindset the ideal template upon which such neo-Nazi ideas can easily be printed?
A deep emotional appeal
What might be driving this rise in 'political irrationality'? Is it a symptom of something else?
After decades of campaigning, CO2 levels continue to rise. After the débâcle of the 2000 US presidential elections, the blatant ignoring of the majority opposition to the invasion of Iraq, the continuing and very visible consolidation of corporate power and the subsequent dilution of democracy, it's understandable that people are choosing to express their despair by constructing what are perhaps metaphors for our lack of political control. What better way to vent your contempt for the system than by loudly accusing it of having orchestrated the 9/11 attacks and butchered its own citizens? This has a deep emotional appeal, regardless of whether or not the facts hold water.
Airplane contrails in the sky are in fact secret 'chemtrail' tests, spraying mind control (or population reduction) drugs into the atmosphere, or conducting illicit geoengineering climate change mitigation strategies, or providing a transmission medium for the alleged HAARP2 earthquake-inducing superweapon programme.
A conspiracy-based worldview can be very comforting in a complex and chaotic world. Many of us struggle to come to terms with the disillusioning realization that the callous and apparently self-destructive tendencies of our species do in fact indicate that people are a maddening and heartbreaking mixture of selfish and altruistic behaviour.
Believing that a sinister, ultra-powerful cabal is to blame for it all opens up the possibility that 'human nature' is in fact an innately benevolent thing, capable of flourishing into utopia overnight – if only, if only we could prove that the establishment was involved in a malignant conspiracy of such intense moral repugnance that everyone would find it utterly repulsive. Then the status quo would fall overnight, leading to real, profound and rapid social change. Hence the popularity of the 'waking up the brainwashed masses' theme within conspiracy thinking: 'sheeple' is the patronizing term that's most often used. What a glittering apple, dangling just beyond our reach!
This is deeply appealing for someone whose political optimism is founded upon a simple black and white moral view of the world. It reassures us that shocking, cruel and random tragedies do in fact have an organized plan behind them, and are therefore not outside of our prediction or control. If the price of believing this is to abandon our scepticism and logical thinking, does that, for some people, make it a price worth paying?
Finally, conspiracy theory activism has psychological rewards for the advocate. It offers an easy and egotistical route to a heroic self-image, without actually having to do anything in the way of risky protest or original, painstaking research. After all, if you do become convinced that 9/11 was an inside job, what obligations does that knowledge place upon you, other than to try to create more 'truthers', and post yet more videos on YouTube?
Perhaps it would be an ironic touch of paranoia on our part to take the conspiracy movement too seriously. But if we refuse to be vigilant about the erosion of logic and reason, are we ignoring what might be the start of a disturbing slide into a grotesque and damaging era of naive political irrationality?
A Conspiracy Scepticism Toolkit
Most conspiracy theories are superficially convincing, and at first glance resemble scientific or journalistic observation. Here are some 'watermarks' that can help distinguish between what's a valid claim and what isn't.
1 Responding to critics. The majority of internet conspiracy theories have mirror 'debunking' sites. Do the conspiracy theorists actually engage with their critics, and respond to counter-claims and critiques?
2 Does the conspiracy claim to be based on scientific evidence? Is it peer-reviewed and published in an accredited journal? Many conspiracy theorists are woefully ignorant of the formal scientific process.
3 Professor who? Most conspiracies will boast several scientists supporting their case – even the holocaust denial ones. But are they experts in the relevant field? A microbiologist's opinion about the structural engineering of the twin towers means very little. Science works through expert consensus, developed via a long process of sceptical scrutiny. Accepting the word of just a few 'lone wolf' scientists implies those individuals are infallible and unbiased – simply because they're scientists – which is an absurd assumption.
4 Count the cover-ups. All conspiracy theories imply a large-scale refusal of those in the know to blow the whistle. It's worth calculating roughly how many people would have been involved, and asking how likely is it that all of them could be kept silent – particularly after the 'story' has been broken, and in the era of Wikileaks.
5 Where are all the dead bodies? An agency willing to 'fake' 9/11 wouldn't hesitate to assassinate anyone who got remotely near the truth. Why are the initial breakers of the conspiracy story still alive, and minor celebrities?
6 Is it worth the risk? Democratic governments murdering thousands of their own citizens will be extremely anxious to get away with it. If 9/11 was revealed to be an 'inside job', it would inflict massive and permanent damage on the US political system, and sweep the neocons out of power forever. Would a sinister all-powerful cabal leave behind an incompetent trail of screamingly obvious tell-tale signs?
7 Watch for circular reasoning. If someone states that the facts needed to verify their claim are being kept hidden by the government, and so therefore the absence of these facts is actually proof of a conspiracy – run away!
8 Are they evoking past cover-ups as proof of a new cover-up? Citing previous instances is a logical fallacy. They simply prove how difficult it is to conceal real political scandals like Watergate, or the testing of nuclear fallout on US army troops.
9 Falsifiability. Is the theory constructed in such a way that it can actually be demonstrated to be false? Do its advocates state what kind of evidence would actually make them change their minds?
10 Why the silence? Other than 'they're all in on it/they're too narrow-minded', what explanation is offered as to why the majority of experts don't support the conspiracy? For example, if contrails are so easily proved to be 'chemtrails', why would groups like Friends of the Earth or Greenpeace not speak out?
Debunking resources
The late Carl Sagan's The Demon Haunted World (1995) is an excellent guide to the dangers of irrational thinking.
Web-only postscript
Here's a few extra thoughts that didn't make it into the article, but we hope will stimulate further debate...
It's worth noting that the creationist movement, so beloved of the American right wing, uses almost identical patterns of reasoning and debating tactics to many within the conspiracy theory movement. It cites not hard nosed, peer reviewed scientific evidence, but cherry picks alleged inconsistencies in the mainstream account articulated by evolutionary biologists, and attempts to blow these inconsistencies out of all proportion.
It habitually ignores and refuses to engage with the refutations offered in response, and as a last (or sometimes first) resort claims that all those who disagree with their point of view have a hidden motivation, are in denial, or are deliberately conspiring to suppress the truth in order to promote atheistic materialism. This is crying wolf. To suggest that everyone in the opposing camp has contempt for the truth, low standards of honesty, or is somehow an intellectual, political or moral coward is a huge sweeping assumption to make, and smacks of clutching-at-straws desperation.
If the only way a conspiracy theory can hold itself together is by suggesting that everyone who debunks it is somehow part of the conspiracy, is that not papering over the cracks in the theory? I've yet to hear from any given conspiracy theory a coherent explanation as to why 95% of the scientific experts in the relevant field, who know what they're talking about, DON'T agree that anything is amiss with the mainstream account... other than the peevish, insulting implication that they're all somehow blind to the truth or 'in on it'. What arrogance!
More disturbingly, climate change deniers often use the same tactic, and imply corruption on the part of the pro man-made-climate-change consensus as the motivating factor- hinting that there's now a funds rich 'gravy train / trough' available to bribe scientists into agreement. Coming from the anti green, pro unrestricted economic growth, neo liberal free market right, such a tactic isn't that surprising. But when it comes from a camp that considers itself pro democracy, pro freedom, anti establishment and anti tyranny, it's somehow quite shocking.
If, as a political movement composed of those who wish to see a fairer world, we refuse to insist on high standards of evidence, evidence that can survive skeptical scrutiny, as the basis for what we choose to believe or not believe, are we inadvertently responsible for the growth of these conspiracy theories? And if such slack thinking becomes more and more prevalent, what will stop it sliding in the direction of holocaust denial, as it appears to be doing already...
Illustration by David Dees
This article is from
the March 2011 issue
of New Internationalist.
You can access the entire archive of over 500 issues with a digital subscription.
Get a free trial now »
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Vertical Garden Wall
STIHL\\\'s My Green Wall project sees the installation of vertical gardens in a select number of primary schools around the country. The project is about letting kids get their hands dirty and have a little fun, while educating them about the importance of our natural environment and how to take care of plants.
Werribee Primary School is one of the first schools in this area to have a Green Wall installed. The students were very excited about participating in this activity. We received our own vertical garden – a complete kit which includes a steel frame structure carrying up to thirty pots. This is supported by curriculum-compliant educational and teaching materials for Grade 3 students, as well as inclusive takehome materials for each child to share with their family.
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This tax loophole puts $144k in your pocket
An extra $144,500 added on to your profits is no small feat. That's exactly why you should be using this tax loophole to your advantage.
Have you ever heard that C Corporations are the best way to hold your investment properties?
That myth is exactly how you'd miss out on this $144,500. This tax loophole ensures you receive that profit, and not a dime less…
When people ask me what the most important step to take in real estate is, I consistently stress that they must structure their assets in the most profitable way.
People lose out on millions of dollars in profits simply because they've been misguided by industry "professionals."
I don't want to see you take this route, that's why this tax loophole is the perfect place for you to start.
You may not have invested in any property at all yet, but trust me when I tell you that going into real estate investing with this tax loophole will be the best thing you've ever done.
In fact, it could mean an extra $144,500 in your pocket each time you use it.
Before I explain exactly how to use it, I want to debunk the widespread myth that's chopping down many investors' profits.
A lot of real estate "professionals" will advise you to hold your property as a C corporation.
A C corporation is a corporation that's taxed separately from its owners.
The issue with holding your property under a C corporation is that it actually gets taxed twice—you pay a 34% corporate tax and then a 15% distribution tax.
And that's exactly why most uneducated investors are losing out on this $144,500 profit.
Obviously, the government will want you to pay as much taxation as possible, but when there's a legal loophole that could yield you this kind of profit, why would you pay twice?
That's where a Limited Liability Company (LLC) comes in. An LLC can be used in place of a C Corporation in order to exploit this tax loophole.
You see, an LLC only pays tax once—a 15% capital gain tax.
Let me break it down into numbers for you…
Let's say you realize your first profit from a property and it comes out to a $500,000 gain. Here's how that'd be broken down in a C Corporation:
$500,000 gain
-170,000 in 34% corporate tax
————
$330,000
-49,500 in 15% distribution tax
———–
$280,500 profit after tax
Now, with an LLC, it'd break down like this:
$500,000 gain
-75,000 in 15% capital gain tax
————
$425,000 profit after tax
You can either take a $280,500 profit from a C Corporation, or you could rake in $144,500 more for a $425 profit from an LLC.
This tax loophole is often overlooked by even the most experienced real estate investors; that's why it's so important to do your research using tools like ours in order to take in the biggest profits possible.
By using this tax loophole correctly, you could be seeing an extra $144,500 in your pocket.
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