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Creating Custom Graph Paper in Excel: A User-Friendly Guide
This article may contain affiliate links, which could potentially earn us a commission without affecting our editorial content.
Are you tired of dealing with the limitations of traditional graph paper, such as erasing mistakes or starting over? Excel offers a convenient solution to create your own, customizable graph paper. Recently, while planning new flowerbeds, I found myself in a similar situation. Although graph paper is affordable, making changes can be time-consuming, and specialized garden design software was not an option. However, I realized that I could transform an Excel sheet into a flexible graph paper alternative with just a few steps.
The key to creating graph paper in Excel lies in squaring up the cells. The size of each cell is less crucial, as it can be adjusted to your preference, much like traditional graph paper. The challenge is in matching the width and height settings to create a perfect square, as Excel's measurements are not straightforward. Unlike graph paper, Excel measures row height in points and calculates column width based on the current font, making it difficult to achieve a square cell by simply matching height and width values.
Instead of spending time on trial and error, there's a simpler way to achieve this: use an AutoShape as a guide. Here's how to create and format an AutoShape as a square:
1. Access the Drawing toolbar and select 'Basic Shapes' from the AutoShapes drop-down list.
2. Double-click the rectangle icon (located in the first row) to insert a rectangle into your current Excel sheet.
3. Right-click the inserted rectangle and choose 'Format AutoShape' from the context menu.
4. In the Format AutoShape dialog box, click on the 'Size' tab to adjust the dimensions of the AutoShape. By setting both the 'Width' and 'Height' to the same value, you can create a perfect square that will serve as your graph paper guide.
In the "Size and Position" section, input "0.25" for both the "Height" and "Width" fields to generate a square. To create a larger square, input a larger value for both dimensions.
Navigate to the "Properties" tab, select the "Move and Size with Cells" option, and click "OK".
Back on the worksheet, relocate the square-shaped rectangle object to the top-left corner, directly above cell A1.
To resize both the height and width, select any method you prefer. A simple approach is to drag the header and row cells as follows:
Select the entire worksheet (or the desired area to resemble graph paper). To select the entire sheet, click the sheet selector, which is the cell at the intersection of row and column headers (in the top-left corner).
Hover your mouse over the right border of column A's header cell. Once the cursor transforms into a double-arrow, drag the border until it aligns with the rectangle's right border. Excel will resize the width of all selected columns, not just column A.
To resize the height, adjust the bottom border of row 1 until it aligns with the rectangle's bottom. Again, Excel will adjust all selected rows.
At this stage, you have a sheet filled with.25-inch cells. Remove or relocate the AutoShape rectangle at cell A1, as it's no longer needed. If the cells appear too large, set the zoom level to 50%. Then, commence adding the necessary components by formatting cells and inserting AutoShapes, ensuring a legend is included to identify all components.
As your requirements change, easily reformatting cells and deleting objects is possible, eliminating the need for erasing or starting over.
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Our Blog
Liver cirrhosis is a progressive condition that arises over time due to various causes, such as diseases or chemical-induced liver damage. The body's initial response is to repair the injured liver cells, but as more cells are destroyed, existing cells become inflamed, leading to the formation of scar tissue. This process compromises the liver's structure and impairs its functionality. Alcohol, certain diseases like autoimmune disorders, and liver processing problems can all contribute to cirrhosis. While treatments can help reduce scarring and enhance function, the damage caused by liver cirrhosis is permanent.
Alcohol Avoidance
Individuals with cirrhosis should strictly avoid alcohol. In most cases of alcohol-induced cirrhosis, abstinence can improve liver function significantly. It can also help decrease liver damage and delay cirrhosis progression in those with chronic hepatitis B and C.
Viral Hepatitis Treatment
Antiviral medications can eradicate the hepatitis C virus. However, not all individuals with cirrhosis caused by persistent viral hepatitis are suitable for drug therapy due to the risk of severe liver dysfunction or unacceptable side effects. Treatment decisions should be made on an individual basis, in consultation with specialists in liver disorders (hepatologists).
Iron and Copper Management
In hemochromatosis, regular blood draws can help lower iron levels and prevent further liver damage. In Wilson disease, medications can enhance copper excretion in urine, reducing copper levels in the body and preventing additional liver damage.
Autoimmune Hepatitis Management
Medications such as prednisone and azathioprine (Imuran) can be used to suppress the immune system and reduce liver inflammation in autoimmune hepatitis.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), often referred to as ursodiol, is a bile acid derivative employed in the treatment of patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), marketed as Actigall. A meta-analysis aggregating data from numerous clinical trials revealed that UDCA administration over a four-year period enhanced survival rates among PBC patients and helped avert the progression to portal hypertension. However, while UDCA therapy offers significant benefits, it only delays the progression of PBC rather than providing a cure. Colchicine (Colcrys) and methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall) are additional medications that may prove beneficial for certain individuals with PBC.
To mitigate the risk of severe liver damage, individuals with cirrhosis are advised to receive vaccinations against hepatitis A and B. Currently, no vaccination exists to protect against hepatitis C. In the context of liver cirrhosis treatment, a liver specialist or hepatologist, who specializes in the study and treatment of liver diseases (hepatology), is typically a key member of the medical team. Hepatology is a subspecialty of gastroenterology, which also includes the study of the gastrointestinal tract. The liver, the body's largest internal organ, is the focus of hepatology, encompassing acute and chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, genetic and metabolic liver diseases and their complications, liver cancer, liver transplantation, drug metabolism, and liver immunology.
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Debian: New t1lib packages fix arbitrary code execution
Debian: New t1lib packages fix arbitrary code execution
Hamid Ebadi has discovered a buffer overflow the intT1_Env_GetCompletePath routine in t1lib, a Type 1 font rasterizer library. This flaw could allow an attacker to crash and application using the t1lib shared libraries, and potentially execute arbitrary code within such an application's security context
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Description
Hoad Monument At Night As The Snow Falls, Ulverston
Ulverston Greeting Card
This is a photograph I've wanted for a long time and eventually everything lined up with there being enough snow on the ground whilst the snow is still falling. Plus it all happened before midnight meaning that the lights were still turned on, on the side of Hoad.
I'm glad this all lined up at the time as they have since changed/made the lights worse at the top so this isn't possible anymore. The backlighting of the old spotlights helped to backlight the snow as it fell adding some texture to the light spots as the snow fell whilst the light inside the top shone out into the night sky
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Height Weight Ratio Chart
Did you know that Quetelet Index, more popularly knows as Body Mass Index was devised by Adolphe Quetelet somewhere between 1830 and 1850? BMI uses height and weight of a person to find the ideal body weight for a person. This method till date is considered as one of the most accurate method to find out the ideal body weight.
FitnessVigil Staff
Last Updated: May 31, 2018
Today, the world population is suffering from so many health problems. Many of these problems are related to weight issues. An overweight, or obese person, has risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and other heart related ailments.
An underweight person may have low immunity, reduced stamina, and a deficiency of nutrients in his body. So, weight control is very important. There are many ways to determine the ideal weight of a person. Among them are, waist to height ratio, and height to weight ratio.
In children, along with the height weight ratio, head circumference is also considered
Understanding the Height Weight Ratio
Here are two charts showing the average height and weight ratio for men and women.
Men
Height (Feet)
Weight (Pounds)
Small Frame
Medium Frame
Large Frame
5'2''
128-134
131-141
138-150
5'3"
130-136
133-143
140-153
5'4"
132-138
135-145
142-156
5'5"
134-140
137-148
144-160
5'6"
136-142
139-151
146-164
5'7"
138-145
142-154
149-168
5'8"
140-148
145-157
152-172
5'9"
142-151
148-160
155-176
5'10"
144-154
151-163
158-180
5'11"
146-157
154-166
161-184
6'0"
149-160
157-170
164-188
6'1"
152-164
160-174
168-192
6'2"
155-168
164-178
172-197
6'3"
158-172
167-182
176-202
6'4"
162-176
171-187
181-207
Women
Height (Feet)
Weight (Pounds)
Small Frame
Medium Frame
Large Frame
4'10"
102-111
109-121
118-131
4'11"
103-113
111-123
120-134
5'0"
104-115
113-126
122-137
5'1"
106-118
115-129
125-140
5'2"
108-121
118-132
128-143
5'3"
111-124
121-135
131-147
5'4"
114-127
124-138
134-151
5'5"
117-130
127-141
137-155
5'6"
120-133
130-144
140-159
5'7"
123-136
133-147
143-163
5'8"
126-139
136-150
146-167
5'9"
129-142
139-153
149-170
5'10"
132-145
142-156
152-173
5'11"
135-148
145-159
155-176
6'0"
138-151
148-162
158-179
Above charts are according to the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tables revised in 1983.
Note:
Athletes have a higher body mass index, as their muscle weight is more than their fat weight.
To evaluate the health of children, it is important to take the head circumference into consideration, along with the height weight ratio.
In the elderly, BMI can be slightly more than 25.
Limitations of BMI & Height Weight Chart BMI has many limitations. It doesn't give an accurate difference between the fat and lean muscle mass. It is based on the average figures found on population studies. Hence, it might not be perfect in case of athletes and other people who have a muscular build. Height weight based charts have certain limitations too. They are also based on population studies. Given above tables are by an insurance company. However, it is not true in case of every individual. Because, sometimes a person may be slightly overweight and still in perfect health, because that person may not have too much of fat in the body. Also, as muscle mass is higher than fat, athletes might not be in ideal weight range according to the height weight charts.
Ways to Measure Body Fat
As mentioned above BMI and height weight charts are not accurate and now there are many better ways to find the body fat of an individual. The most accurate method considered to find out body fat is the hydrostatic weighing. In this method the individual is connected to a scale with the help of an underwater chair. Prior to the test the subject is asked to exhale air as much as they can, and then the subject is completely immersed for few seconds underwater and measurements are taken. This is done couple of times to find the most accurate result. Apart from the hydrostatic weighing there are many other ways to check your body fat. There is skin fold test, there is bioelectrical impedance and girth measurement.
Tips to Stay Healthy
If according to the above chart you fall in the medium frame or have a normal BMI then you need to continue to have a balanced diet and exercise around 20 minutes a day. Those who are underweight need to increase their calorie intake by eating energy dense healthy foods. Mostly underweight people have a good metabolism which prevents them from putting on weight. To gain weight with a fast metabolism you will need to increase your diet and also build some muscle mass with strength training. Following a healthy and energy dense diet with strength training can help those who are underweight to increase their weight, energy levels and immunity. While those who are overweight need to follow a healthy weight loss diet to reduce the body fat. For this you should include more dietary fiber from fruits and vegetables in your diet and decrease the consumption of fatty and sugary foods. Also, workout of 45 minutes everyday is advisable.
If you don't fall in the normal range, then get yourself checked with other appropriate methods to figure out the amount of body fat. This will give a better perspective and help you to achieve or maintain your ideal weight.
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Historians estimate that more than 1.000,000 children were born to German soldiers enforcing the four-year Nazi occupation of Europe, about 200,000 in France alone.
We have discussed extensively on the rape committed by Russian, American and French soldiers on German women during and after WW2. We largely believed that men of the Wehrmacht were not so amorous and brutal when dealing with women in lands they conquered. A silly illusion. These men were as immoral and boorish as the Russians and Japanese. In fact having sex was encouraged by their commanders as matter of policy. Amorous and lustful men made better fighters and killers, the thinking went. French women were brought into Wehrmacht brothels (see Schmidt, Kitty "Madame Katharine")and forced into prostitution. There is evidence that sexual violence was institutionalized in the German army.
Of the more than 17 million Wehrmacht soldiers until 1944 just 5349 were punished for "moral crimes". Overall, however, military sentences were passed against some 1.5 million members of the Wehrmacht for desertion or self-mutilation.
The small number of sanctioned sexual offenses provides little information about the actual extent. Rather, rape was either not displayed, or they only played a "minor role" in the eyes of the military judge.
There were rapes as this led the commander of the 14th Army in September 1939, to urge his commanders after the invasion of Poland to take action against the "mistreatment of defenseless" and to "rape". In September 1941, when the Wehrmacht was in the Soviet Union, Field Marshal Günther von Kluge in a command ordered to maintain the "discipline" after the increase of rape.
A major factor in the low number of convictions is that enemy people were considered outlaws on the orders of Hitler which prevailed since May 13, 1941, which forbade persecution of German soldiers for "actions committed by members of the Armed Forces against enemy civilians".
German historians say that at least 400,000 children were fathered by troops of the four allied powers that occupied Germany after World War Two. They resulted from widespread rapes as well as love affairs.
In the decade after World War II, more than 100,000 babies were born to unwed German mothers and Allied soldier fathers. Most of the men left Europe without ever meeting their children. Now, many "occupation babies" are scrambling to find their fathers before it's too late.
French ans Dutch female collaborator punished by having her head shaved to publicly mark her, 1944
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Course Overview
This course, titled "Computer-based Learning Skills," introduces students to leveraging computers as a tool for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) studies and scientific research. Participants will engage in interactive video exercises and self-assessed reading tasks to reinforce skills from their Reading, Listening, and Communication Skills courses. Additionally, students will undertake Internet-based English activities, utilizing the web for research, communication, and EFL study.
Course Objectives
Students will develop the ability to:
- Formulate clear arguments in response to online news stories
- Read, comprehend, and discuss the content of online articles
- Listen to and understand the key words and main ideas from short news clips
Assessment Criteria
Please note that the following assessment criteria and course schedule will remain consistent regardless of any changes in BCP level. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, all classes are conducted via Zoom, with live broadcasts and no recordings. Attendance and participation are mandatory.
Internet-based activities are graded on a scale of 4 (exceptional) to 0 (absent/non-participation), with the exception of Meetings 1 and 15, which are three-point exercises. Points are allocated as follows: 4 for exceptional completion, 3 for full completion, 2 for adequate completion, 1 for partial completion, and 0 for non-participation or absence.
Course Breakdown
- Listening Exercises: 7 exercises, 3 points each, totaling 21 points
- Reading Exercises: 7 exercises, 3 points each, totaling 21 points
- Late assignment submission: minus 1 point
Total Points: 58
Academic Integrity & Textbook Requirement
Please note that purchasing a copy of the required text for this course is mandatory. Possessing any previous copy, even your own, is deemed a breach of academic honesty.
Language Resource
An English-English dictionary is indispensable for daily classes. Refer to the recommended dictionaries below for further guidance.
Assessment Criteria
Our grading scale is as follows: 97% and above, A+; 87% to 96%, A; 77% to 86%, B; 60% to 76%, C; below 60%, F. Note that your second-semester TOEIC®L&R IP Test score, along with your placement test results and first-year English course averages, will determine your second-year course placement. Thus, strive for both high letter and numerical grades.
Attendance Expectations
Regular class attendance is crucial. Frequent absences may negatively impact your overall grade. Each absence incurs 3 'demerits', while each 30-minute tardiness results in 1 'demerit'. Accumulating more than 15 'demerits' (equivalent to 5 absences) will earn you an 'F' for the course, regardless of your actual score. Unexcused absences will not be accommodated with make-up work.
TOEIC®L&R IP Test Note
Students who fail to take the TOEIC®L&R IP Test will have 5 points deducted from the total score of each English class they are enrolled in.
Mandatory Textbook: An English-English dictionary, in paper form, is to be brought to every class. For learners, the following are recommended quality dictionaries: [list]. Electronic dictionaries or other resources may also be used.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs): Course-specific and general FAQs are available on your English Expeditions homepage. It is advised to review these before your second class.
Bonus Points System: To encourage TOEIC® L&R IP test practice, a bonus point system is tied to test results. Details on the TOEIC® test can be found in your Online Education text. The bonus point system is as follows:
* Note: Bonus points are exclusive to regularly enrolled students in English 3, 4, 7, 8, and advanced levels of English 10.
* Bonus Points: [chart outlining points based on score gain and drop]
Academic Integrity: The following actions violate the academic honesty policy for S&E English classes: copying answers, completing exercises together, using outdated textbooks, showing exercises to others. All exercises must be completed independently.
Engaging in academic dishonesty during assessments or exercises, such as:
- Referring to any external notes or summaries within or outside the classroom, including photographic copies of the material.
- Removing any copies of the exercise or quiz, whether used or not, from the classroom.
- Utilizing writing tools or communication devices during the review or feedback session of an in-class exercise.
- Plagiarizing answers from a fellow student's work during the administration of an exercise or quiz.
- Duplicating any part of a homework exercise from another student's work.
- Permitting another student to copy any part of your homework exercise.
- Submitting work that is copied or closely paraphrased from external sources (such as books, the internet, etc.), regardless of proper citation. This includes using translation software to convert any part of the submission into English.
- Sharing personal credentials, such as usernames or passwords, for educational platforms like Rainbow or English Expeditions, with another student.
Any such violation will incur a penalty of zero points for all exercises on that day, and forfeit any opportunity for extra credit.
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With the advancement in technology, digital marketing is growing rapidly day by day. Gone are the days when businesses were only confined to a physical appearance. Now, with the world being a global village, everything has gone online these days.
Increasing scope of Influencer agency
With the production and gradual evolution of social media, the scope for businesses and brands has increased tremendously. Digital marketing has witnessed a massive boom only in a matter of years. Influencer marketingis one of the latest forms of marketing lately.
Facilitating the brands to sell their products by expanding their coverage via endorsements etc. influencer marketing agency or on a larger scale a global influencer marketing agency serves as a middleman between the company and the masses.
WHY GLOBAL INFLUENCER AGENCY?
The digital market is expanding, giving birth to new opportunities in the marketing field. Hence, a global influencer marketing agency is booming, gradually becoming a necessity to run successful marketing plans.
There are a plethora of tasks to structure an influencer marketing campaign, starting from optimizing, contracts, reviewing the campaign to executing the entire campaign; which would otherwise be difficult to manage, particularly without a wealth of experience.
Thereby, a global influencer marketing agency, having extensive knowledge and experience, would be vital to successful marketing.
WHAT DOES AN INFLUENCER MARKETING AGENCY DO?
Putting it simply, an Influencer Marketing Agency bridges the gap between the brand and the masses aiming to target the right audience for the brand, hence expanding their business.
Below-mentioned is some of the tasks of an influencer marketing agency that would give you an extensive overview of how an influencer marketing agency works:
Structuring media campaigns:
Structuring a social media campaign and running a social media profile is not the same, rather are poles apart.
Posting content on social media is done to keep your account interesting and engaging, while social media campaigning is done with a particular aim or objective.
Thereby, an influencer marketing agency devises a company's whole campaign, considering the aims, objectives, and vision of that business.
Target Audience:
A most critical part of the task of an influencer marketing agency is to sort out the target audience. If the audience you are targeting, is not the one right for your business, then what is even the whole point of your business?
Therefore, an influencer marketing agency aims to find out that who your business' targeted customers in terms of age, gender and market are. What are their interests? What do they like most about your brand? And lastly where does your brand lack at?
So, considering all these points, an influencer marketing agency focuses on attracting the right audience, hence, ensuring your marketing success.
Review and Feedback:
One of the most significant parts of an influencer marketing agency is to optimize the details and review the overall performance of the company meticulously. The strengths, the weaknesses of the brand gets sorted out here in this part.
Moreover, the campaign reporting and feedback are indispensable for a successful marketing campaign as it provides a deep insight into a brand overall performance.
FINAL WORDS:
As social media has been constantly evolving, there are plenty of services the global influencer agencies offer. With influencer marketing becoming competitive day by day, it has become more vital that marketing campaigns are well-researched, well-targeted and off-course are well-executed. For this purpose, it is crucial to have an influencer agency by your side, to ensure your success in the marketing domain!
Hooded sweatshirts come in a variety of styles including slim-fit, fur, polo, skate, and zipped hoodie like Gildan G186. Almost all individuals in the U.S.A. (United States of America) badly want full-zip hoodies over pullovers. Why? Because the full-zipped versions are more multipurpose. The business owners have also started taking […]
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Dying for change: lightning talks for action
Improving the health and life expectancy of Australian people with intellectual disability.
Imagine waking up every day knowing that your life expectancy is on average more than 25 years less than the rest of the population. And that you are twice as likely to die from a potentially avoidable cause than someone in the general population!
That's the reality for Australian's living with an intellectual disability.
But, it does not have to be that way. Australia has committed to ensuring "persons with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health". Yet the research shows very limited progress towards this goal.
If you think we should do better, join us as we hear from international and local experts, including people with intellectual disability, advocates, researchers and medical practitioners as we ask the big questions. What is at the root of this issue? What needs to be done? And whose responsibility is it?
Speakers
Professor Chris Hatton - Professor of Public Health and Disability, Lancaster University
Dr George Julian - freelance knowledge transfer consultant, a Visiting Fellow at London School of Economics, volunteer campaign manager for JusticeforLB and a trainee death doula
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00:25:242020-08-11 11:08:19How exactly does a UPS emergency power system work and why?
03:30:032019-02-20 13:03:46What is the difference between watts and volt-amperes?
03:28:342019-02-20 13:02:16Your switchgear does more than just switch
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Applications of Road Dust Suppression Solutions
Today, we delve into the multifaceted uses of road dust suppression products, be they mechanical, chemical, or polymer-based, such as those offered by Global Road Technology. The scenarios where these products are typically employed remain consistent across various sectors.
Some of the most frequently encountered situations where road dust suppression solutions are sought include:
- Road Construction: The dust generated during road construction can pose safety hazards on industrial or commercial roads and impact urban communities. Dust suppression solutions can mitigate these issues in both contexts.
- Quarrying and Mining: These industries are known for their significant dust production. Road dust suppression tools can enhance workplace safety for employees and minimize the environmental impact on local water supplies.
- Mineral Stockpiles and Ash Ponds: General stockpile areas, particularly of raw minerals like coal or stone, can create substantial dust clouds. Ash pond dust, notoriously challenging to control, can also be managed effectively using road dust suppression solutions.
- Helipad Zones: Dust suppression products are crucial for protecting helipad areas to prevent blinding ground crew members during take-offs and landings, ensuring safety.
- Gravel Runways: Both airfields and major infrastructure, as well as frontage road-style ramps, generate considerable dust. Road dust suppression products, such as those provided by GRT, are instrumental in controlling this dust.
- Erosion Control: GRT's road dust suppression methods are commonly employed for erosion control in diverse settings, including natural areas, land development, agriculture, urban environments, and construction and mining sites. Treating storm-water runoff areas can significantly reduce sediment loss, water pollution, and environmental damage.
Subterranean Excavation Dust Management – The process of excavating tunnels and boreholes inherently produces substantial amounts of dust and particulate matter. Implementing dust suppression strategies and solutions in these areas mitigates the potential disruption of machinery caused by these particles.
Conveyor and Industrial Process Dust Control – Dust generated by conveyor systems or other industrial processes can, over time, negatively impact manufacturing lines, especially where mechanical components are involved. Road dust suppression tools can help maintain a clean manufacturing environment, prolonging the lifespan of equipment by preventing the accumulation of airborne particles.
Global Road Technology offers comprehensive assistance with these applications and more. Their expertise spans municipal road construction, private establishment infrastructure concerns, large-scale state and regional reconstruction projects, and the unique needs of military organizations worldwide.
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Enthusiasts would be delighted if you've encountered one retaining its original kitchen and bathroom. Ironically, the bathrooms' tiles, once inexpensive and imperial-sized, now command exorbitant prices due to discontinued production. Unlike most bus stations, which are rudimentary structures, this one stands out, yet like many regional public facilities, it suffers from neglect, appearing unkempt and neglected.
Currently, I'm restoring a 1985 Mercian King of Mercia bicycle, though I jest about my progress. I'll share some buildings I have a personal connection with as they come to mind.
While not conventionally 'nice', I've always been intrigued by Lloyd's of London. Both its interior and exterior are fascinating. The building's design prioritizes maximizing internal floor space, with external features like lifts. I'd often watch these glass lifts ascend and descend while queuing at a nearby burrito shop.
The focus is on the internal layout and escalators, but unless you're a hull underwriter, you won't spend much time on the floors, which resemble this: [description]. The open-plan design is intentional, allowing brokers to roam and discuss with underwriters on each floor in relative privacy, despite the vast space. The acoustics are deliberately flat to prevent sound carry.
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Dr. Lee Hartwell, 2001 Nobel Laureate
Lee Hartwell is Fred Hutch's president and director emeritus.
Uncovering the genetics of cell division, providing insight into cancer
Dr. Lee Hartwell didn't realize as a boy that his youthful predilection for chasing butterflies hinted at his future as a geneticist. Nor did his teen-age tinkering on auto engines give him a clue that he would win a Nobel Prize. But today, his career's work in cell genetics has changed the way we think about life itself.
Early in his research career, Hartwell set out to find an organism simple enough to experiment on, yet complex enough to provide insight into humans. He made a risky choice: to use yeast, the same single-celled fungus that makes bread dough rise. At the time, most scientists thought yeast was not a good model for understanding the complexity of human cells.
Hartwell persisted, and a series of experiments over several years led to a landmark discovery. He discovered the genes that control cell division-genes that turned out to be the universal machinery for cell growth in organisms from fungi to frogs to humans.
This discovery in yeast not only showed the unity of all life, it also had practical applications for human health.
By identifying "checkpoint" genes that determine whether a cell is dividing normally, Hartwell provided important clues to cancer, which arises from abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth. Hartwell's discoveries have led him and other scientists to explore ways to stop abnormal cells from dividing. Researchers hope this work will lead to new and better ways to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer.
For his insightful discoveries, Hartwell received the 2001 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.
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Expert Installation Ensures Smooth Process and Compliance
Seasoned solar installers bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to tackle any obstacles that may emerge during the installation process, providing homeowners with reassurance. Furthermore, they can guide you through navigating local regulations and obtaining necessary permits specific to solar panel installation in Tulsa.
Solar Panel Functionality Explained
Solar panels harness sunlight to produce electricity via the photovoltaic effect. This process involves photovoltaic cells within the panels absorbing sunlight, exciting electrons, and creating an electric field that facilitates the flow of electricity. The generated electricity is initially in direct current (DC) form, which is then converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter to power household appliances. This clean, renewable energy source can significantly decrease dependence on traditional grid electricity, resulting in lower utility costs and a reduced carbon footprint.
Advantages of Residential Solar Energy Transition
Homeowners adopting solar energy for their homes enjoy several benefits. Solar energy offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional electricity sources. Key advantages include:
- Energy Autonomy: Solar panels enable homeowners to reduce reliance on external electricity sources.
- Property Value Enhancement: Homes equipped with solar panels often command higher property values and appeal to potential buyers.
Residential Solar Panel Varieties
To explore residential solar panel options, understanding the different types and their unique characteristics is crucial. Residential solar panels come in several varieties, each with its own advantages and considerations:
- Monocrystalline Solar Panels: Known for their high efficiency and aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Recognizing the distinctions between these types can help homeowners make well-informed decisions when selecting the best solar panels for their residential needs.
Common Solar Energy Misconceptions
Solar energy often faces misconceptions that can hinder accurate understanding among consumers. One prevalent misconception is that solar panels only function in sunny climates. In reality, solar panels can still generate electricity on overcast days or in partial sunlight.
One prevalent misunderstanding is the notion that solar power is prohibitively expensive to implement. Although the upfront installation cost may appear high, numerous financing alternatives, tax incentives, and rebates are available to make solar power more affordable for homeowners. Moreover, the belief that solar panels necessitate frequent maintenance is unfounded; in reality, they are quite durable and low-maintenance.
Informing oneself about these misconceptions enables individuals to make well-informed decisions when considering solar power for their residences. When contemplating residential solar panel installation, homeowners often investigate various financing options to facilitate the transition to solar energy. Understanding the cost structure and available incentives helps individuals make informed investment decisions regarding solar panels.
Exploring different financing options is vital for homeowners considering residential solar panel installation due to the substantial initial cost and long-term benefits associated with this sustainable energy solution. Homeowners can opt for solar loans, solar leases, power purchase agreements (PPAs), or utilize home equity loans or lines of credit. Solar loans allow homeowners to finance the system upfront and repay it over time with interest. Solar leases and PPAs involve a third-party owning the solar panels and selling the electricity to the homeowner at a fixed rate. Home equity loans or lines of credit enable homeowners to borrow against the equity in their homes to fund the solar panel installation. Each financing option has its unique advantages and considerations, so homeowners should carefully assess which aligns best with their financial goals and circumstances.
To connect with a specialized solar panel installer in your area, reach out to a local expert today for personalized guidance on residential solar panel installations. These experts possess the knowledge and experience needed to evaluate your home's specific requirements and provide tailored solutions.
Leveraging the knowledge of a local installer enables you to capitalize on their specialized skills in architecting and deploying solar panel systems tailored to your property and energy requirements. Moreover, collaborating with a local professional ensures dedicated attention and support throughout the installation process, providing you with reassurance. Commence your journey towards harnessing solar power for your residence by reaching out to a local expert in solar panel installation today. Recognize the importance of opting for affordable yet superior-quality services for residential solar panel installation. Our seasoned team in Tulsa stands ready to assist you with all facets, from comprehensive installation to minor tweaks aimed at bolstering the efficiency and sustainability of your residential solar panel system.
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Hooray! This project is fully funded
Hooray! This project is fully funded
Share Project
My Students
I absolutely love the energy and creativity that my ten year old fourth graders.
We become a family throughout the year, supporting each other through the good times and challenges, and help each other to master the standards while still making learning fun.
My Project
Do you remember the joy of playing with Legos? In the classroom, they can be used for many different educational purposes, besides the rainy day recess activity. Unfortunately, these materials are not readily available in a class set on a teacher's budget. These Lego bricks and baseplates will allow my students to create structures that will tie into many different subject areas.
Hands on STEM and Math activities bring the curriculum to life.
In Math, the blocks can be used to reinforce Arrays and Factors by using the studs to create rectangles. We can also use them to teach Area and Perimeter. For Fractions, the blocks can help us determine Parts of a Whole, and show Equivalent Fractions. It would be wonderful to use the blocks for STEM projects too - students can construct and engineer designs. These Legos would make a huge impact in my classroom
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Food crisis - Essay Example
The outpouring of heavy rain in other parts of the world and the intense heat on the other are associated with the string of ominous events in the global climate. According to Krugman in his article, the changing climate is specifically the root cause of recent food crisis. …
Extract of sample Food crisis
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Adverse weather condition is associated with the increasing cost of goods due to prevailing lack of supplies or production.
Krugman tries to emphasize that the origin and implication of food crisis is traced back to changing climate which resulted further to droughts and floods. The intense heat is said to be the reason why there is an ample amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. This is said to result to heavy raining which causes flood in certain parts of the world especially in the tropics. Krugman believes that this slows down food production that eventually becomes the greatest contributing factor of the recent food crisis.
The issue of changing climate may not be far as reason to contribute to food crisis. In fact, the very thought about changing weather condition to affect food production and supply is very relevant enough as a reason. Heavy rain, typhoon and other environmental impacts brought by changing climate all over the world may not be far enough to affect production and supply of food. However, it seems that the issue of changing weather condition is just only in addition to the problem of food crisis. It cannot be entirely considered as the root cause of the problem on the lack of food production or supply in the world. There are prior issues to this that need to be considered that eventually have contributed to global food crisis. Population increase Food crisis is caused by rapidly increasing population in the world (Grigg, 1980). This is the reason why there is a need to come up with biotechnology and other related technological innovation in order to increase production and supply of food. Food production is necessary in order to meet the spiraling forward demand of the people. Increasing food production is eventually the answer to the number of world's population and the corresponding demand for food. With biotechnology for instance, it has become a good idea to promote genetic modification of some plants and domestic animals in order to enhance their characteristics to eventually ensure more production. For instance, with BT corn technology, the plant's characteristics are enhanced and improved to fight harmful pests and diseases. The result would be to enhance growth and production. There are certainly diseases of the corn that can be prevented when some genetic modification has to be implemented. This is just one of the good promises of advancing food production through innovation with science and technology. In short, the need to come up with this or undergo this level of process is highly associated with the rising demand for food because of the increase and demand of the world as its population continues to grow in number year after year. The world's population in 2008 is different from 2010's or 25 years from the past. There is certainly corresponding increase in number of the world's population and this is a great contributing factor why shortage of food has become eminent. There are more people to be fed. This contributes to social, political and economic concerns of a nation. In general, this specific event calls for social, economic and political concerns as well. The issue of distribution Some says that food crisis is caused by significantly simple political and economical issue more than anything else. There are some countries that are said to be not so willing to distribute to the world what they essentially have with them. This primarily involves the issue of food distribution. There is reputed issue about food distribution today and from the past. This makes food crisis not just a matter of availability of food but of distribution. Some countries eventually are not that willing to share what they have especially the raw materials in food production. China for instance is
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The elected legislature is known as the Diet. From a democratic point of view Japan was ranked 20 amongst the 167 countries in the strength of democracy according to a survey conducted by Economics Intelligence Unit Index (2010). The democratic monarchy exists in relative harmony; according to Country Watch's Political Stability Index (2010), the political situation in Japan is highly stable.
fed is mounting with every passing day. The world population is going to be 9 billion by 2050.Already high number people starving to death is mounting climbing that can turn out to be rampant starvation due to continuously tighter supplies. Key food producing countries, such as China is experiencing the worst drought in last 200 years; Russia is struggling to recover from drought.
The major catastrophe that the globe experienced during the twenty first century was the food crises that took place in 2008, which has left no economies untouched with its drastic effect. Industrialized and third world nations both felt drastic effects of inflation in food prices, thus, begetting the conditions of economic and political instability and volatility (Shiva & Sagbo, pp.
The statistics of hungry persons have alarmingly scaled up especially in developing countries within Asia-Pacific and Sub-Saharan Africa region. Social experts attributed this problem to poverty and food crisis (Ikerd, 2011). But what are the causes of global food crisis?
Alternative biofuels designed to reduce dependency on foreign petroleum is adding to this calamity, as well as natural disasters which are occurring at an alarming pace all across the world. These disasters reduce volume output of various agricultural products which only reduces global supply of many food products.
This has seen its effects being felt in both developed and developing countries (Magdoff, 2006: 1-7). This study will focus its attention on the explanation about this recent food crisis, how it reflects previous agri-food system tendencies and its relationship to diabetes, another food system problem.
One of the major causes of stiff competition in the Russian oil industry is lack of barriers to entry. In addition to the high volume of oil produced in Russia, the high number of firms in the oil industry has resulted to price competition. Some of the key Gazprom shareholders include the Russian government, Gazprombank, Rosneftegaz, Gerosgaz and E.ON Ruhrgas.
Supply refers to the quantity of goods producers are willing to supply at a given price in given time period (Abel and Bernanke, 2005). Whereas demand refers to quantity of goods customers are willing to buy at a given price at certain point in time (Arnold, 2008).agriculture can be described as the process that involves cultivation of plants and fungi as well as the rearing of animals for purposes of food, medicine, fiber or research among others.
Agriculture produces goods that are essential for developing and sustaining people's
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I didn't see a topic on this game yet, and since I've been playing it a TON lately I thought I'd see if anyone else here on Neowin was playing. Or wanted to play, since you can get a beta key for the game pretty easily from lots of places right now.
To make a long story short here's what Warframe is: A 3rd Person Co-op focused multiplayer shooter being made by Digital Extremes (yes, that Digital Extremes aka the guys who made Unreal 1 etc with Epic) using their own in house custom built engine that looks as good if not better than some of the other AAA engines on the market. It's basically a Cyborg Space Ninja themed game. Dudes look like cyborg ninjas and the game takes place in the future where some race has more or less screwed up Humanity and only a weird off shoot of Humanity is left and they try to, oh whatever the story doesn't matter lol
You can use a primary weapon such as an assault rifle or shotgun, and a secondary like a pistol. But you also get a sword (or stave depending on your warframe etc) and can cut enemies in HALF. You can charge melee swings for even more HALFNESS. You also get powers, again depending on your frame. The default frame is basically an all rounder, but does massive melee damage with his basic power. It's pretty sweet stuff regardless. There's a crafting system in game though it's pretty basic right now. Since a few patches ago, random events take place (though they are basically the same missions from the rest, just an alert status mission) that when you complete you get extra credits. It's F2P so there are microtransactions of course. Nothing Pay2Win though. However, the revive system is part of this. You get 4 revives a day, then you have to pay to get more, or just forfeit the mission you were in. Teammates can revive you an unlimited amount of times however, and it doesn't count towards the 4 a day count. There's a lot more I could list, but walls of text are annoying
The game is GORGEOUS. Runs smooth as butter maxed out (ymmv though of course), and is a fairly small download for the amazing visuals and what not. I think my initial download/install was around 800 megs. The DE guys patch it frequently (today they had 3 patches!) adding in new content as well as polishing the game and fixing bugs obviously.
In any event, my in game nick there is lordloc, so if you are already playing it, feel free to add me to your contacts list so we can slice and dice and shoot weird aliens and what not together
You can get a key from a ton of places right now. has them, has them, IGN had them as of a couple of days ago but I don't know if they still do.
I'd post links better (and put some videos in the post) but for some reason my browser isn't loading up the editor properly and whenever I put tags in the browser is just removing them...spooky.
For those that can't get a key, for whatever reason, I do have a few keys I can give out. I think I have 3 or 4 extra keys right now. Don't quote me on that one though, and DON'T PM me for one, I won't answer them. If you can't get a key, and want one, post in this thread.
I haven't played it beyond the training but from what little I played, the performance was great. They managed to make the game look good and perform well at the same time. Their upcoming Star Trek game should run just as well because it uses the same engine. For those that want a beta key, you can get one at MMO Bomb:
The IncGamers link doesn't require registration so that's good for people that want a beta key immediately. Not that it would kill you to register an account in 5 minutes or less on any of the other websites.
It looks like an interesting game but they need to do more at generating interest for it. The fact that a lot of places haven't run out of keys isn't necessarily a bad thing, but I'm a little surprised. For example, one of the websites you linked has over 8,000 keys.
Anyway, I'm interested in trying it out soon. I'm currently devoting my gaming time to Dota 2 with my friend but I think I can play sometime this week.
Well it IS a coop focused game. And there are plenty of people to play with, I've never had a hard time getting a 4 man mission going. You can also set your region easily in the options menu if it's deserted in your time zone but not zombie time say in Europe or Oceania etc. And with all the people coming in from the various beta key giveaways there's more and more people to play with.
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Real Estate Assignment - Contracts, Ownership, and Agency Law
Learning outcomes
You must submit your work through the assignment submission link on Online Campus. Upload your assignment, then use the 'Save' and 'Submit assessment' buttons. You will get an electronic receipt and your work is then logged and tracked through our system. Open Polytechnic will not accept assignments emailed directly to lecturers.
Open Polytechnic takes plagiarism seriously. Before you start your assignment, make sure you've read How to avoid plagiarism.
This assignment focuses on the learning you have done in Modules 4 and 5. The assignment consists of four tasks:
Task 1: Contracts.
Task 2: Ownership.
Task 3: Agency law.
Task 4: Contractual responsibilities.
Learning outcomes
You will be assessed on the following learning outcomes:
i. Explain the law of contract as it governs real estate transactions.
ii. Explain the provisions of the law of agency and determine appropriate signatories for different entities for given contracts.
Assignment scenario
You work in a real estate agency in your local area.
Task 1: Contracts
Explain contracts to Quentin
(a) Quentin, a work placement student in your office, is helping with the filing of some recent real estate contracts. He asks you what a contract is. Explain the six elements of a contract. Use examples of real estate transactions to illustrate each one.
Your answer should be up to 100 words for each element.
(b) Using your own words, explain the two requirements for an agreement for the sale and purchase of real estate to be enforceable under section 24 of the Property Law Act 2007.
Your answer should be up to 50 words.
Explain contracts to Moana
(c) Moana, a young customer, wants to make an offer on James' property. She has never bought a house before and admits she doesn't know much about contracts. Explain each of the following to her.
(i) What happens if she changes her mind before her offer is accepted.
Your answer should be up to 50 words.
(ii) The three ways James can respond when he receives the offer. Your answer should be up to 50 words.
(iii) Whether Moana can add new terms to the contract after it has been accepted. Your answer should be up to 50 words.
(iv) The legal term used to confirm that the offer has become a contract. Your answer should be up to 50 words.
(v) The four ways her contract can be discharged (come to an end). Give a real estate example for each method.
Assignment scenario
Your answer should be approximately 25 – 50 words for each way the contract can be discharged.
Task 2: Ownership
(a) Matthew and Nola have been married for 52 years. Matthew has dementia and is about to move into residential care, as Nola is no longer able to look after him at home.
Their property is registered as a joint family home under the Joint Family Homes Act 1964. Nola wants to sell the house – partly to pay for Matthew's care, and partly so that she can move into a smaller home nearer Matthew's care facility.
(i) Briefly explain the purpose of the Joint Family Homes Act 1964, and then discuss whether Nola can sell the house and, if so, under what circumstances. To whom should you refer Nola for further advice?
(ii) How would this situation be different if, before he became ill, Matthew had granted Nola enduring power of attorney to manage his welfare and financial affairs? Your answer for (i) and (ii) should be approximately 150 – 200 words in total.
(b) Joe Ngata and Paul Devine have asked you to appraise their home for sale. When you look at the certificate of title, you notice that the home is registered in three names, which suggests a possible trust situation.
You ask Joe and Paul about this and they confirm that the property is in a trust. Their solicitor, Elizabeth Bigham, is the third trustee. However, they don't want to involve Elizabeth yet, because she's very busy and very expensive.
Briefly explain to Joe and Paul who needs to sign the agency agreement, and any subsequent sale and purchase agreement. Include the name of the relevant legislation in your answer. To whom should you refer them for further advice?
Your answer should be approximately 100 words.
(c) Matiu Hemopo has come to your office, saying he wants to sell two of his investment properties. He has just finished renovating one, and the other is nearly finished. He wants to put them on the market for a quick turnaround.
When you look at the certificates of title, you see the properties are both registered in the name Hemopo Holdings Ltd. You check the Companies Register and see that there are two directors, Matiu and Nathan Hemopo.
Does Matiu have signing rights for the agency agreement and the sale and purchase agreement? Why/why not?
Your answer should be approximately 50 – 100 words.
Task 1: Contracts
Task 3: Agency law
Agency law: Part 1
Joe and Paul are very pleased with the service you've provided them and are now preparing to list their home for sale. During a visit to their home, you realise that this will be their first property sale.
They say they're confused about whether to have a sole or general agency, and don't really understand how agency law works in practice. You offer to help them by preparing a set of notes that explain the main points.
Prepare brief notes on each of the following.
(a) If Joe and Paul list their property, will it be with you personally or Waterford Real Estate Ltd? Give a reason for your answer. Your answer should be approximately 50 words.
(b) Briefly explain the main differences between sole agency, general agency and joint agency.
Your answer should be approximately 350 words in total.
Agency law: Part 2
Your friend, Barry, who lives in another town, phones you to complain about the real estate agency that recently sold his home. He tells you:
'I've since become friends with the young couple, Jack and Jenny, who bought the property. They don't think they got good service either. Here's what they told me.
The salesperson started by telling them that they should just drive by and see if they liked the look of the house from the street. Well, they did that, and they liked it. So he said he'd get around to showing them through some time. They had to chase him to get through the house!
But it gets even worse! Jack and Jenny fell in love with the property and wanted to make an immediate offer. It was nearly 5.00 pm, and the salesperson said he'd bring the agreement forms to me the next day. Well, they really didn't want to wait, so they asked if they could just pop around and present their offer. He didn't mind at all, so they got him to phone me and make the appointment. We negotiated the agreement around my dining room table!
You know, looking back, I don't think that salesperson earned very much of his share of the commission at all! The agency really wasn't any better, because they just didn't seem to accept any accountability for his behaviour.'
Briefly explain to Barry the requirements of
Introduction
Instrumentality, and
Effective cause
and describe whether the salesperson met his obligations in each case. Give at least one reason to support each of your answers.
Your answer should be up to 150 words in total.
Task 4: Contractual responsibilities
When they receive your notes about the law of agency, Joe and Paul are very pleased, but they have more questions. Joe phones you and says, 'I've been reading about the Real Estate Agents Act, and that seems to involve a lot of responsibilities for agents and salespersons. Can you briefly tell us how it affects your work with us?'
What would you say to Joe and Paul? Write the words you would use to explain:
(a) The fiduciary obligation you and your agency have to Joe and Paul. Your answer should be approximately 50 words.
(b) Other contractual responsibilities the agency has to Joe and Paul. Tell Joe and Paul about at least four responsibilities, giving a brief, clear description of each. Your answer should be approximately 50 in total.
(c) What the Real Estate Agents Act 2008 says about agency agreements. Identify and explain at least three sections. Your answer should be approximately 25 – 75 words for each section.
(d) What the Real Estate Agents Act (Professional Conduct and Client Care) Rules 2012 say about agency agreements. Refer to at least three rules. Your answer should be approximately 25 – 75 words for each rule.
(e) The contractual responsibilities Joe and Paul would have to Waterford Real Estate Ltd. Tell Joe and Paul about at least three of these responsibilities.
Your answer should be up to 100 in total
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Task: Analyze and Compare
Evaluate the cinematic work "The Hunger Games," examining its adherence to anthropological principles and juxtaposing it with ethnographic films. The objective is to scrutinize the film's representation of culture and history, and to discern the influence of editing and subject selection on its narrative.
Purpose and Learning Outcomes
This assignment aims to challenge the common "seeing is believing" mindset often held towards popular, culturally-based films. By critically examining "The Hunger Games," you will learn to differentiate between anthropologically accurate representations and those taken with artistic license, using scholarly sources as your guide. This course has equipped you with visual literacy skills that will enhance your appreciation of films beyond the academic sphere. Upon completion, you will possess a heightened critical awareness when viewing mainstream feature films, akin to the insights gained from studying ethnographic films. Several students have reported an increased appreciation for "regular" movies after learning to "read" ethnographic films in this course.
Required Style: AAA
Your analysis should be written in the Academic American English (AAA) style.
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Build Your Vocabulary: Words of Death, Morbidity, and Mortality
by sumo nova
Death and all things relating to it evoke a unique, primal reaction from all people. Superstition, religious beliefs, memories, and feelings of loss typically surface when the subject of death comes up in conversation.
Having a command of funereal words will allow you to discuss death in a manner appropriate for the situation. This is important when you or your acquaintances have suffered a loss.
Because death evokes strong emotions from most individuals, take great care in the selection of your words during difficult times. While euphemisms for dying such as 'passed away' or 'no longer with us' are quite helpful when discussing the departed, the subject of death is ultimately unavoidable.
Bereavement
Definition: A time of loss and sorrow caused by the loss of a loved one.
Example: During his period of bereavement, Bill's daughters were a great comfort to him.
Connotation: This word applies to the official period of mourning during which a person is eligible for work leave due to a death in the family. It is otherwise considered formal and appropriate for a funeral setting or service.
Deceased
Definition: Without life; dead; no longer living.
Example: We took a moment of silence in respect for the deceased soldier.
Connotation: This is a very common euphemism for the dead or 'the departed.' It is considered more appropriate to use a euphemism than to express that a person no longer living is in fact 'dead.'
Exanimate
Definition: No longer able to move; lifeless.
Example: The student noticed that the mouse was now exanimate; the lethal dosage had killed the creature.
Connotation: This term is used in a police, medical, or scientific sense. It may be used to described how the deceased's body was found.
Melancholy
Definition: Sad, gloomy, and depressed.
Example: The death of her husband contributed to her melancholy demeanor.
Connotation: This word suggests a prolonged state of sadness or depression.
Necrosis
Definition: The death of cells or tissues, specifically in one area of the body.
Example: Because the necrosis affected his arm, the doctor considered recommending amputation.
Connotation: 'Necrosis' is typically used in a medical or scientific setting.
Repose
Definition: Resting; without movement or sleeping; a peaceful stillness.
Example: His body displayed a great deal of repose in the casket; he looked at peace.
Connotation: This word is typically used in conjunction with the deceased and conveys a definite sense of peace and calm. It is a very sensitive and thoughtful word to use.
Using tactfully chosen vocabulary words will help you better understand, confront, and cope with the eventuality we all face.
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Experiencing issues with a Compaq Presario V2000 laptop's charging functionality, the user seeks assistance. Upon connecting the AC power adapter, the charging indicator light flickers persistently, and the power icon alternates between AC and battery modes. After an hour, the battery drains completely and fails to function. Replacing the battery with a new one did not resolve the issue; instead, it initially displayed a 99% charge before the light began blinking again, and a low battery status message appeared. The user has verified that the AC power is functional by booting the laptop without the battery and has also attempted a system software reinstall, but to no avail.
Potential solutions to the problem include:
1. AC Adapter Malfunction: The adapter might be supplying insufficient power for battery charging, despite being able to power the laptop. Alternatively, it could be overpowering the laptop due to a short circuit. Replacing the AC adapter could potentially rectify the issue.
2. DC Inverter Fault: The component responsible for transferring power from the AC adapter to the battery might be at fault. If this is the case, a repair or DC inverter replacement could be necessary. This option is generally cost-effective.
3. Motherboard Malfunction: The most severe possibility is a malfunctioning motherboard, which would be the most expensive component to replace.
The user is advised to consult a professional laptop service center for a thorough diagnosis and cost-effective repair solution. Additionally, the user inquires about the safety of using a power inverter in a car to power the laptop, seeking advice on the potential impact on the AC adapter.
While perusing various online forums, I encountered discussions regarding the Compaq Presario V2000, where users reported issues with the motherboards. Notably, despite these components not being part of a formal recall, many owners had successfully obtained free replacements directly from the manufacturer. Remarkably, this was achieved even in cases where the laptops were beyond their warranty period, and original receipts were unavailable.
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22 Comments
My Opinion:Maybe just knowing the whole meaning of this song is better than interpreting it in every line.. Then we can have a general imagination of it. Like others, i think it's about a relationship too. for me just knowing this is enough!:D
My Interpretation:I agree that its about a relationship, and probably some sort of drug problem, but I believe this song is a duet, just he sings it solo.
Welcome back Winter once again
And put on your warm fuzzy sweater
'Cause you'll feel much better when
The snowflakes fall gently to the ground
The temperature drops and your shivers
Freeze all the rivers around
But I keep you warm
- The guy sings this, they're just having a cute moment
If speeds a pro,
Inertia must be a con'Cause you keep me warm
-The girl sings these two sections
--In between these two sections, the guy realizes the girls drug problems, and gets angry
Peer over the edge
Can you see me?
Rivulets flow from your eyes
Paint runs from your mouth like a waterfall
And your lungs crystallize
-This part is sang by the guy, yelling at the girl and confronting her
I'll travel the sub-zero tundra
I'll break glaciers and frozen lakes
And that's just the tip of the iceberg
I'll do whatever it takes to change
-This is sang by the girl, begging the guy and saying she doesn't wanna be like this anymore, and reall really wants to change
Farewell powdery paradise
We'd rather skate on the thinnest ice
Fingers failed us before they froze
Frostbite bit down on all our toes
-Perhaps this is sang by both, talking about how she wants to change, and it wont be an easy tasks, but they dont care and would rather be on this route
Snow drifts build up and enfold us - Sang by the guy
As we wait in this winter storm - Sang by the girl
So we snuggle close in the darkness - Sang by the guy
And keep each other so warm - Sang by the girl
-This section is talking about how they're going through it and yes its extremely tough, but they'll get through it together, helping one another.
And this part sounds like a life-threatening crisis:
Peer over the edge
Can you see me?
The lyrics are idealistic and escapist in the first part, until the crisis, after which the song builds to its climax. He has reached a turning point, and says "I'll do whatever it takes to change."
After this, he faces reality, as he says "farewell powdery paradise." This is risky, and scary: "the thinnest ice," and is full of hardships, which are the frozen fingers, the frostbitten toes, the winter storm, and darkness. But it's better, because in the end, they "keep each other so warm."
General Comment:Welcome back Winter once again
And put on your warm fuzzy sweater
'Cause you'll feel much better when
The snowflakes fall gently to the ground
The temperature drops and your shivers
Freeze all the rivers around
BUT I KEEP YOU WARM
If speeds a pro,
Inertia must be a con -> He wants to cheer her up fast because he's feared she could get too sad to fix her, if he'd do slow.`CAUSE YOU KEEP ME WARM
*AND KEEP EACH OTHER SO WARM [from the end of the song]
I pressed CAPS here to show that the sentence with "keeping warm" appear 3 times in this song. first time he wants to say that he'll comfort her. the second time he wants to cheer her up and show her that she's something special because she keeps him warm too. the last time he clarifys that again.
Peer over the edge -> she should try to stop being sad
Can you see me? -> she should hear his song and and cheer up
Rivulets flow from your eyes -> rivulets are tears i think
Paint runs from your mouth like a waterfall -> and the paint is the color that flows out of her; that she's becoming colorless and lifeless
And your lungs crystallize -> you need your lung to breathe, without you can't live and if your lungs crystalize then you can't breathe anymore. so easy ;)
I'll travel the sub-zero tundra -> he wants to do everything was it takes to bring her back to hapiness
I'll break glaciers and frozen lakes -> ""
And that's just the tip of the iceberg -> Here i'm not sure what is meant wiht
I'll do whatever it takes to change -> He'll do whatever it takes to change... :D
Song Meaning:Adam himself said: "The song Tip of the Iceberg is a song about growing up and wishing you were somewhere else, and maybe suddenly realizing that you've wasted a good piece of your life. It's about learning not to take things for granted and really being deliberate and intentional about living life as if the day was your last, and so it's really about appreciating all that's around you."
General Comment:I think along with the theme of change, the song really is partly about winter! That big part in the middle, I think it's set in a snowy place, and whoever he's talking about is up high on a mountain or something like that xD I think that person is crying, and I'm not sure about the paint part. Maybe he means like spray paint, because when it's cold, you can see your breath kinda like spray paint? Noooo idea. Lungs crystallizing because it's cold! Like when things freeze up. Then the rest is what he would do to change.
Song Meaning:I think it's about killing someone in the arctic.
? = I'm not sure
Welcome back Winter once again - it's winter again
And put on your warm fuzzy sweater - you wish you were warm
'Cause you'll feel much better when - you'd feel a lot better if you were
The snowflakes fall gently to the ground - it's snowing
The temperature drops and your shivers - it's cold and you're cold
Freeze all the rivers around - the rivers are frozen
But I keep you warm - I want you to be alive while I kill you?
If speeds a pro, - ?
Inertia must be a con - ?
'Cause the cold wind blows - icy cold winds
At precise rates - I planned this out
When I've got my ice skates on - I'm prepared and you aren't
If all the roads were paved with ice - ?
That wouldn't thaw or crack - ?
I could skate from Maine to Nebraska - ?
Then on to Alaska and back - ?
'Cause you keep me warm - ?
Peer over the edge - ?
Can you see me? - ?
Rivulets flow from your eyes - you're crying
Paint runs from your mouth like a waterfall - paint perhaps means blood?
And your lungs crystallize - your lungs are freezing
I'll travel the sub-zero tundra - I'll go out of the way to hide your body
I'll break glaciers and frozen lakes - ^
And that's just the tip of the iceberg
I'll do whatever it takes to change - I don't want to be a killer, but I am
Farewell powdery paradise - you're dying
We'd rather skate on the thinnest ice - ?
Fingers failed us before they froze - you tried to fight back but were too cold
Frostbite bit down on all our toes - you were frostbitten
Snow drifts build up and enfold us - your body is hidden in a snow drift
As we wait in this winter storm - I'm waiting to go home?
So we snuggle close in the darkness - I can't leave because of a storm?
And keep each other so warm - ?
I'm pretty sure a lot of the fruitier lines were thrown in to make it sound less suspicious.
General Comment:I could go on and on and on about how much i love this song, and then some (:
im pretty sure its about a guy and a girl who are in love, but they have some problems, (maybe the guy can be a jerk)so the guy wants to prove himself. At the part peer over the edge...its talking about the girl being hurt emotionally, but relates it to being hurt physically. Then comes ill travel the sub zero tundra...showing her all these things he would do for her to make her feel better. Then he continues to talk about their problems at farewell powdery...but in the end they are ok and keep eachother so warm
and that is just the tip of iceberg of my interpretation, i could dissect each qnd every part :)
#OwlCityLove
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Will the "Hey, You Suck" Chant Make a Comeback?
Before the arrival of Bruce Allen and Mike Shanahan, Gary Glitter's "Rock and Roll (Part 2)" was a staple at FedExField during winning games, with fans famously chanting "You suck" after the "hey" part. Since their hiring, the song has vanished from the stadium's playlist.
At the University of Maryland, the song was notoriously sung a cappella due to a ban on its performance by the university band. Redskins fans had adopted this tradition, singing along to the song during kickoffs, after touchdowns, sacks, and other significant plays. The resulting "You suck" chants were so loud that they could be heard clearly on both radio and television broadcasts.
Since Allen and Shanahan took over, the song has not been played once. Given the team's poor performance, this absence is understandable. However, as the team improves, the question remains: will the song return to boost fan morale and taunt opposing teams?
With a stronger defense and an expectedly improved offense in 2012, the chances of the Redskins' resurgence are high. While not all fans approve of the chant, especially during the team's struggles, some argue that it can psychologically impact opposing players. A notable example is the 2005 home game against Dallas, where the chants affected Keyshawn Johnson's performance, leading to outbursts both on the sideline and the field.
Each NFL squad boasts a distinctive cheer employed by its fan base, such as the derisive 'IN-COM-PLETE' in Denver, the enthusiastic 'J-E-T-S JETS JETS JETS' in New York, the defiant 'Who Dat said they gon' beat dem Saints' in New Orleans, and the spirited 'Here we go, Steelers, here we go' in Pittsburgh, among others. Given the absence of a comparable chant to the Redskins' Fight Song, one might question why Washington lacks a unique, opposing-team-focused cheer, as many home stadium chants are designed to psychologically disrupt the visiting team rather than celebrate one's own squad's touchdowns, as 'Hail to the Redskins' does.
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Celebrating Women in History
March is Women's History Month which celebrates the vital role of women in American History. We are inspired by all of these brave, talented women. How do you want to mark your place in history?
LiliumCare spotlights Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi (August 31, 1842 – June 10, 1906) for her contribution to medicine. Mary was revered as a physician, teacher, writer, scientist and suffragist. Mary was born in London and the oldest child of 11. Can you imagine? She was the daughter of American parents from New York City and she was raised in New York from the age of 6.
Mary was interested in medicine from a young age and aspired to be a physician against her father's wishes. Isn't that interesting?
Mary's determination and drive were very impressive:
1863 – graduated from the New York College of Pharmacy, making her the first woman to graduate from a U.S school of pharmacy
1864 – received her M.D. from the Female (later Women's) Medical College of Pennsylvania
1868 – admitted as the first woman student at École de Médecine of the University of Paris
July 1871 – graduated with honors and was the second woman to receive a degree from École de Médecine. She also received a bronze medal for her thesis.
Fall of 1871 – established a private medical practice in NYC
Other significant accomplishments included:
Professor in the new Women's Medical College of the New York Infirmary and Mount Sinai Hospital
Second woman member of the Medical Society of the County of New York
President of Women's Medical Association of New York City from 1874 to 1903
Harvard University's Boylston Prize in 1876 for an original essay, The Question of Rest for Women during Menstruation. In the essay, she concluded that "there is nothing in the nature of menstruation to imply the necessity, or even desirability, of rest."
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A History of African-Americans and the Oscars
Denzel Washington is the first Black actor to receive two Best Supporting Actor nominations — Cry Freedom (1987) and Glory (1989). He has since become the second African-American to win an award for Best Actor (Training Day, 2001). He was also a Best Actor nominee for Flight (2012).
(Photo: Getty Images)
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A Mathematician's Champion: The Life of Angeline Hall
Born in 1830, Chloe Angeline Stickney Hall exhibited exceptional mathematical prowess and advocated for women's rights and the abolition of slavery. She commenced her academic journey at Rodman Union Seminary before graduating from New-York Central College (NYCC) in 1855, majoring in mathematics and astronomy. At NYCC, Hall served as a professor, where she met her future husband, Asaph Hall. Post-marriage, societal norms compelled her to relinquish her career, yet she and her spouse remained within academia, collaborating on astronomical research, notably the search for Martian satellites. Hall undertook the complex mathematical computations for their joint work, while also homeschooling their four children, all of whom achieved notable careers. Her son, Angelo, penned this biographical tribute. The most prominent crater on Phobos, a Martian moon, bears her name, the Stickney Crater, measuring approximately 9 kilometers in width and serving as a distinctive feature of this celestial body. This revised edition is dedicated to Larissa Watkins, a librarian and researcher par excellence, whose multifaceted contributions are both gifted and generous.
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In the realm of personal hygiene, innovation manifests in numerous ways, and one such recent development is the soap saver. But what are these devices, and do they live up to their reputation? Let's explore their features and benefits to find out.
A soap saver, at its core, is an ingenious bathroom accessory designed to extend the lifespan of your soap bars. Instead of allowing your soap to sit on a wet ledge, where it remains perpetually damp, a soap saver elevates your bars, keeping them in optimal condition for longer.
Soap savers come in various forms, from soap dishes to lifting pads. However, for the sake of this discussion, we will primarily focus on soap saver bags.
One of the most apparent advantages of soap saver bags is their ability to salvage every last bit of your soap. Once your soap bar becomes too small to handle, simply place it inside the bag with a new bar. Over time, the remnants will integrate into the new bar, ensuring no waste.
If you've transitioned to natural soap bars but miss the luxurious lather of conventional ones, a soap saver bag can help. The friction between the bar and the bag generates a rich, foamy lather, reminiscent of traditional body washes, without the harsh chemicals.
Unlike plastic loofahs, which can harbor bacteria and contribute to plastic pollution, our sisal soap saver bags are eco-friendly and compostable. Simply toss them in the wash and reuse them repeatedly, reducing your environmental footprint.
In conclusion, soap saver bags are a worthwhile investment for anyone seeking to maximize the longevity of their soap bars while enjoying added benefits like gentle exfoliation and improved lathering. With their eco-friendly design and multifunctional usage, they are certainly worth considering for your personal hygiene routine.
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TreeStore filterBy function fires on expand/collapse and check change
I have a search field for my TreePanel, and under the hood, all this search does is take what's entered, put it into a regex, and then use a filterBy function on the TreeStore, and it appears to work. However, I have noticed that this fitlerBy function fires every time something is done to the TreePanel... if the user checks a checkbox or expands/collapses a branch. This is not ideal, as my TreePanel can contain a good amount of records and having to do this on every action is expensive.
To reproduce the issue:
Open debugger console
Type a character in the search box
Notice in filter debugger message fires 319 times
Check a parent checkbox
Notice there is a large amount of lag... this is because I am updating all of the child records every time a parent is checked... so the updating causes the lag, but I'm not sure how to prevent it
I'm expecting the filter to not fire every time the user performs one of these actions... I'm only expecting the filter to fire when I apply the filterFn. Am I using the filterFn wrong, is this just an incredibly nasty side effect of filtering a treestore, or is this actually a bug/something that can be optimized?
So instead of having each endEdit bubble up to the store to say refresh the view, I prevent any of it from bubbling up and refresh the view manually... filterBy function still fires, but it's only on the order of n, where n is the number of records in my store.
Any news about this bug? Even during loading the store filter function is called multiple times for each node. In trees with ~1000 items browser stops responding because of that...
Same here. Any work arounds for this issue? I tried suspending events for the tree and store and I still see this. It's worse when you have a parent node with multiple children nodes which are also parents. The filter fn is executed for each non-leaf node that's expanded n levels deep which kills performance. I'm on 6.0.2.
Somehow my treestore.filteryBy() was firing multiple times. I placed a counter in the filterBy function and what should have loop through 112 times was looping over 4000 time. I had an expandAll() after the filterBy at that point.
I moved the expandAll() prior to the filterBy() and everything works as expected.
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Appointment Request
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- Select a location:*
- Comments:
- CAPTCHA
Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, a dedicated period, facilitates increased awareness of this disease and empowers women with knowledge on risk reduction. This includes disseminating information about Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a viral infection linked to heightened cervical cancer risk.
Cervical Cancer is a malignancy that targets the cervix. In its initial stages, it often exhibits no discernible symptoms. As the condition progresses, potential symptoms may include intermenstrual or post-coital vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and watery, bloody vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Other symptoms can include discomfort during intercourse and postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.
Causes of Cervical Cancer involve abnormal cell growth and multiplication, leading to tumor formation and potential metastasis. While HPV is associated with cervical cancer, its exact causation remains unclear. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, early sexual debut, other sexually transmitted infections, weakened immune system, and smoking, which has been linked to a specific cervical cancer type.
Preventive Measures encompass regular screenings, HPV vaccination, safe sexual practices, and smoking cessation.
One of the most efficacious means of reducing one's risk of cervical cancer is to undergo an HPV vaccination. This is recommended for females aged 9 to 26. For women aged 21 and above, regular Pap tests are also crucial. These tests, performed every few years or more frequently based on individual risk, aim to detect early signs of cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. Additional preventive measures include cessation of smoking and the practice of safe sex, such as condom use.
To participate in Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, consider the following:
- Distribute information about cervical cancer and HPV, sourced from the CDC, to others.
- Arrange to deliver presentations to local groups or organizations, educating women about the disease and prevention methods.
- Utilize social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook to share information, and consider changing your profile picture to a cervical cancer awareness ribbon.
If you are due for a cervical cancer screening, we encourage you to schedule an appointment with Neighborhood Radiology Services, which offers high-quality screenings and other services to patients in the Greater New York Metropolitan Area. To request an appointment, fill out the form on this page, or call 800-220-2220 for more information.
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The Art of Shoemaking Opublikowano: 29 grudnia 2015
In spite of the technological progress, it is stil believed that Goodyear welt construction, initiated in the 18th century, is the best production technique as far as men's shoes are concerned (Loake shoes, for example, are produced in this way).
Four fundamental advantages of Goodyear welted footwear are as follows:
• The shoes can be reconstructed, which means that worn out parts (such as the sole or the cork) can be replaced and the upper of the shoe can be pulled over a last.
• No glue is used, so the shoes last longer.
• The cork adapts itself to the way of walking, which makes the shoes more comfortable.
• The shoes are mainly hand-made, so each pair is unique.
• One pair can be in production for even up to 8 weeks (information provided by Loake). The entire process involves creating 75 footwear parts, which later undergo approx. 200 different operations performed by 130
8 basic stages of Goodyear welt production
CUTTING / "CLICKING"
The process begins with leather parts of the upper being meticulously cut out. The name "clicking" comes from the sound which the hand cutting knife makes as it is removed from the leather.
CLOSING
…is the moment when parts of the upper are sewn together. At this stage, it is time for operations such as "machining" (reducing in size) an excessively thick piece of leather, staining and folding the leather piece's edge to improve its appearance.
LASTING
The upper is pulled over a selected last to be then attached to the insole, the heel and the sides of the shoe. Prior to that, the upper part of the shoe is left in a place where excessive humidity preventing the leather from getting into the right shape is removed.
WELT
A "welt" is a leather strip which is sewn together with the upper and the insole, and which will be later attached to the sole. Thanks to that, a skilled shoemaker can resole the shoe in future.
SOLE STITCHING
Stitching the sole to the welts guarantees durability.
EDGE TRIMMING
The edges of the sole are trimmed to a desired shape. It is a highly detailed work, and therefore is done "freehand".
SOLE STAINING
BURNISHING / DRESSING
The last operations are burnishing, dressing and polishing shoes. This time-consuming activity is done entirely by hand. In further parts of the production process final details are being looked into, e.g. cutting out a so-called gentlemen's notch.
Warsaw's Arkadia, one of the largest shopping centres in Europe, boasts the widest offer in the capital. It features 240 units including 190 stores, 20 services and 30 restaurants and cafes. The centre's second floor accommodates an entertainment section with a 15-screen multiplex cinema operated by the Cinema City chain. All Arkadia's customers are invited to use free personal styling services, ask shopping consultants for advice and even book a wardrobe check in their homes. Suffice it to hold the Loyalty Card and use the centre's premium offer. A professional stylist, shopping assistants and a myriad of attractions for the youngest ones – all this is available as part of a special offer prepared by Arkadia. The professional stylist familiar with the offer and, above all, with the latest fashion trends, will help them analyse their current style and provide expert, practical tips on how to choose clothing styles and colours suited to their body type, both regarding everyday wear and garments for special occasions. All that customers wishing to invite a stylist home have to do is choose the "Stylist" tab on click "Wardrobe check" in the menu and book an appointment on one of four dates available in a month. An appointment with a personal shopper can be booked in a similar manner. Arkadia also encourages its customers to use the services of shopping assistants who know everything about the centre's offer and tenant promotions. They will provide advice, help customers with their shopping and carry bags to the car or to the exit door. Arkadia cares for the youngest ones, therefore it has arranged an interactive play area and a special corner with qualified childminders, its food court features areas with children's equipment and customers can tend to their toddlers in parent rooms. It is worth noting that Arkadia holds cyclical events for its youngest customers involving numerous games and educational competitions during which they can both have great fun and learn something new about themselves and the world around them. But these are not all the amenities dedicated to shoppers. Arkadia keeps widening its offer that includes free services such as umbrella rental, telephone charging stations, an IPad available at the reception desk, comfortable and practical relaxation zones, WIFI in the entire centre and separate parking zones for family cars. All these services are available to holders of Arkadia's Loyalty Card that can be obtained free of charge at the reception desk on the ground floor or via website. Monika Lewczuk – Kuropaś – The spokesperson of Arkadia.
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A Russian lifestyle influencer, Maxim Lyutyi, aged 44, has been sentenced to eight years in a high-security penal colony for the death of his newborn son, Cosmos. Lyutyi and his partner, Oxana Mironova, 34, were found guilty of neglecting the baby's nutritional needs, leading to his death from pneumonia and severe malnutrition at less than a month old.
The court ruled that Lyutyi had intentionally caused grievous bodily harm to Cosmos by advocating a diet known as 'prana-eating', which relies primarily on sunlight for nourishment. Lyutyi had prohibited Mironova from breastfeeding and providing the baby with adequate food, despite signs of the child's deteriorating health. Medical treatment was denied until it was too late.
Initially, Lyutyi attempted to shift blame onto Mironova, who received a non-custodial sentence of two years of corrective labor. However, Lyutyi eventually admitted his guilt, stating that he would have sought immediate medical attention had he known the baby was born prematurely. The court heard that Lyutyi had intended to 'experiment' on the child and 'promote' his prana-eating philosophy.
This tragic incident underscores the perils of extreme diets and the critical importance of proper infant nutrition. It also raises concerns about the influence of social media personalities and the dissemination of misinformation online. Lyutyi's controversial beliefs in minimal diets and sunlight consumption were found to be a significant factor in the baby's death. The court also imposed a fine of £860 on Lyutyi. During his incarceration, Lyutyi has reportedly abandoned his previous beliefs, including his stance on consuming meat.
In a tragic incident, Russian blogger Maxim Lyutyi was handed an eight-year prison sentence following the starvation death of his newborn son.
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I (with my parents) managed to explore a reasonable bit of Reykjavik, an amazing cool, but not especially large, city (which just happens to be the most Northerly capital in the world, and the most Westerly in Europe!!)...
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<mark_weaver>gzg: If you've previously executed 'guix pull', it supersedes any earlier installations made with'make install'.
<mark_weaver>./pre-inst-env bypasses the most recent 'guix pull' changes.
<mark_weaver>The 'guix pull' data is stored in ~/.config/guix/latest/, which you might want to delete.
<markweaver>Alternatively, if XDGCONFIGHOME is set, the data will be in $XDGCONFIG_HOME/guix/latest.
<gzg>mark_weaver: I'm aware of that, but I've recently installed a build on my system (within the past week) and it couldn't find it. :^P
<mark_weaver>gzg: When using guix without./pre-inst-env, it will always prioritize the contents of ~/.config/guix/latest/ if it exists, disregarding any subsequent installations.
<mark_weaver>Ah, I recall now why I didn't simply update the URL for pysqlite: the hash has changed despite the filename remaining the same. I wanted to locate an older file to identify the changes made.
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This is an interesting legal case whereby the judge decided to not send the assailants to jail because they were Muslim and therefore unused to drinking alcohol. The alcohol was clearly responsible for the attack.
A decent video at the link shows most of the attack. Surprisingly one of the victims was not charged even though he choose to fight back (poorly) instead of just laying there and taking a beating.
I am thinking that this means that if you try PCP for the first time and then run around assaulting people you are not responsible for your actions?
Don't get me started on the UK, this is a great example of the direction America could go in and should be a cautionary tale. The justice system aint just and the authorities cannot protect you. Thank god (most) states allow average people to carry a concealed firearm for protection.
It seems few nations in history have been so willing to so completely disarm themselves (the citizenry). When the times of trouble which history says happens to all nations they will reap the rewards for their poor choices....
Even the UK police do not have the power to protect the citizenry....
They have no way to force the government to respect its citizens and that decision never ends well at one point or another...So... perhaps a wider minded approach is advisable...
Also, the link between this and gun ownership is less than sure in my opinion, so not even sure it should be on here....
What I would criticise in that article and media in the UK in general these days, is bringing religion into the picture: their being Muslim has nothing to do with the outcome.
Their not being used to drinking is the important factor. Why they don't drink is pretty irrelevant, IMO...Also, the link between this and gun ownership is less than sure in my opinion, so not even sure it should be on here....
It is not about guns.
Quote:
Discussions in this forum will be centered upon legal issues as they relate to the 2nd Amendment and other Civil Rights. Constitutional law (which would encompass separation of powers, the impairment of contracts clause, the full faith and credit clause, etc., as well as the Bill of Rights) will also be on topic.
Which reminds me of something else...
Quote:
Their not being used to drinking is the important factor.
Firstly I don't see how it could be important, even if were shown to be true in court. The effects of alcohol are near universally known. If, as they claim they were Muslims and unused to drinking than they should have had a lifelong indoctrination into the evils of drink.
Secondly the law does not protect you, even in England if you commit felonious acts while intoxicated. If intoxication were an excuse than anyone could commit practically any act and then walk free with a dressing down and some community service.I Freedom requires that one must be able to defend ones self and despite what some may think not everyone is a ninja or a multi discipline martial artist nor capable of ever being one.
Also absolutely our system of justice is completely broken along with our legislative and executive system.... Dont think so, go read the unconstitutional Patriot act and get back to me on an appropriate website.
The difference is on some level our broken system has been forced to own up to the fact that "arms" are a right.... in the UK you dont have anything approaching a right to self defense or arms capable of providing that defense for the average citizen. A people incapable of defending themselves are by my definition and many others not free....
One day they will pay a high price for this foolishness.... history is full of examples of what happens to unarmed populations....
The true shame as they as a nation dont even recognize it as a right when in history they often had a requirement of law to bear arms and practice with them.
Pond, what about the woman whose shotgun was confiscated after she had a verbal altercation with gypsies who were cutting her trees, illegally. One had a chainsaw; the other threatened to knife the landowner. So the bobbies came and took her licensed shotgun, to diffuse things...
UK seems to be going nuts when it comes to property rights, self-defense, and crimes by racial, religious, or ethnic minorities... Italy is not much better, FWIW.
So the bobbies came and took her licensed shotgun, to diffuse things...
Not only that but the firearm in question had never left her house nore was it ever mentioned by her in the confrontation and yet the police were completely aware of it and confiscated it as if it had been used in the issue...
...despite what some may think not everyone is a ninja or a multi discipline martial artist nor capable of ever being one.
That wouldn't make any difference,,,
Less than three months ago a woman was arrested for kicking her attacker in the face.
He had followed her and her boyfriend home from a pub,,,
Then assaulted them at the door to her apartment,,,
Somehow he went down and she kicked his head,,,
And was arrested for using too much force.
Less than ten years ago I visited some friends in London,,,
Some young skinhead type made rude comments to my friends wife,,,
I gave him the one-finger salute, he charged at me, and I dropped him with a punch.
Guess who sat in the police department for more than 6 hours,,,
While they decided whether to charge me or not,,,
The punk wasn't even taken into custody.
That country has gone insane!
Maybe it's a good thing they can't have firearms any more,,,
I firmly believe they have lost the capability of rational decision making.
Aarond
__________________
Caje: The coward dies a thousand times, the brave only once.
Kirby: That's about all it takes, ain't it?
Combat: "A Silent Cry" Aarond is good,,, Aarond is wise,,, Always trust Aarond!(most of the time)
Well, the very title of this thread proclaims a link that is not there. In the past I have seen threads closed for the same lack of gun related content...
Quote:
BGutzman wrote: IBesides, that is a moot point: you'll never find any post of mine saying that they have the right attitude to gun ownership in the UK....
Quote:
Freedom requires that one must be able to defend ones self ....
....in the UK you dont have anything approaching a right to self defense or arms capable of providing that defense for the average citizen. A people incapable of defending themselves are by my definition and many others not free....
All these seem to be your definition of freedom.Either way, its not all about putting holes in people, or being allowed to.
As for the rights to self defence: they do exist. The law aims to limit excessive force. Killing someone for being on your property uninvited would be viewed as excessive: in that respect, I agree. Yet in the US, that seems to be OK, based on some comments I've read.
Similarly, despite having the right to carry for self defence, if I shot and killed an knife-yeilding assailant here in Estonia, I'd probably be sent down: or come very close.
Yet, Estonia is a gun-friendly, free country; according to your definition.
As a counter, stand alone, equally unrepresentative example: a few months ago, a guy had two blokes break into his home: he stabbed one with a kitchen knife. I believe the BG died: the home owner was not prosecuted.
Quote:
Also absolutely our system of justice is completely broken along with our legislative and executive system.... Dont think so, go read the unconstitutional Patriot act and get back to me on an appropriate website.
Not sure what you're trying to say here.... sorry...
Quote:
Mleake wrote: Pond, what about the woman whose shotgun was confiscated after she had a verbal altercation with gypsies who were cutting her trees, illegally.
I don't know about that case, but once more you're judging based on one article: you can't look through the key hole and expect to appreciate the room. Why do you think such seemingly ludricrous actions by the police get into the papers? Because they are ludricrous and out of the ordinary. Ordinary don't sell papers...
Do they report on all altercations and court hearings? No. It only sells if it catches peoples attention or massages their prejudices: like, say, any headline that might talk about anti gun actions
Let's make something clear:
I don't claim that the UK is perfect, by any means. Far from it: that is why I moved.
I get incensed when I read about dum-@*se rulings like that and yes, the UK gun laws are over restrictive and a product of ill-thought out legislation designed to appease the masses, after very extreme and isolated events. Making in depth psych evaluations of gun owners compulsory would have been better and more effective, but banning was cheaper.... and got more headlines.
However, it urks me when members decide that one article, that didn't even have anything to do with guns is enough to get on a high horse and suggest that their country has nothing to learn but everything to teach.
And that is the impression it gives....
The only person so far that has, I think, the grounds to be truly critical of the UK system is Aarond, given that he has experienced it first hand.
Has everyone else on this thread been to the UK, or better still lived there? If not, well...
It is ironic however that in the UNODC survey of 2010, that both the gun friendly states of Estonia and United States had higher rates of Intentional Homicide than the UK...
Perhaps we respectively need self defence more than the UK do...
My 2pthat didn't even have anything to do with guns is enough to get on a high horse and suggest that their country has nothing to learn but everything to teach.
LOL, I forget that Americans come off differently in the rest of the world than they often do to each other.
Quote:
All these seem to be your definition of freedom.
Self defense (the right to life) is considered an inalienable right as spelled out in our Constitution. Surely you are not arguing that people can deny you your life at will? I am not sure how the rest of the world views it. Poorly I guess.
Quote:
Has everyone else on this thread been to the UK, or better still lived there? If not, well...
I have been to the UK and Ireland many times (although I only stayed in Ireland a total of three days.... Ireland I know... but they are so close and speak a similar language.). All these were visits, I never lived there. My last boss was actually a British immigrant. I understand there is rabid media there just as in the states that goes to efforts to make the police look foolish.
Quote:
Perhaps we respectively need self defense more than the UK do...
On this I would agree to a point. We have a very different society in the US that is much less homogenous and more abrasive. If you read the NYPD shooting report in the Tactics thread you will get a good idea as to why many of the shootings occur. Based upon the comments made by the attackers I am guessing there is a similar problem in some places in the UK.
For a long time the UK had the "duty to retreat" issue. However there is still no final answer on spelling out defense laws despite multiple attempts. What is certain is that based upon the historical examples if you use force to defend yourself you will be in a world of trouble.
In your knife wielding mugger example, a knife IS deadly force. Someone can kill you with a knife. So legally, to protect my life or others I can also respond with deadly force. I don't have to go find a knife to fight back withIts already posted in this forum just search for my name..... and by the way yes I did look at both sides.
Do I believe that gun control is always wrong: absolutely, if you cant be trusted with a firearm then you dont need to be on the street either... IMHO if your not in prison you have a inalienable right to bear arms.... The law disagrees but I dont think the founding fathers would have but then again if you did something serious they had a tendancy to hang you... really reduced repeat crimes...
Quote:
Beer wont save your life, a firearm properly employed and used can. Our constitution was based on natural law as I believe your rights used to be (I could be wrong on your rights).... Natural law is abhorent of some things you name but not a proper place to discuss here. Freedom by its nature must include the right to protect yourself so that you can live...
We talk about freedom, yet in the strictest sense none of us are free, but that is a topic or another debate.
Still with regards to self defence, as I already posted and as I think you will know given the research that has been done, in the UK citizens have the right to defend themselves.
Guns happen to be prohibited as part of that defence. Guns are not the only self defence, but they are the easiest to use for the untrained.
If you say, however, that to be denied guns is to be denied freedom, it holds that you suggest guns are freedom. Needless to say, I would say that was stretching it a bit.
BGutzman, you say that all gun control is wrong.
Having to get a gun licence as I did in Estonia is gun control and therefore wrong .As far as Natural Law is concerned, regardless of the name, it was still a set of principles analysed, considered and ratified by human thinkers and then society: it is not naturally occurring, only based on what is perceived to be naturally occurring.
Incidentally, certain "abhorent" behaviours seem to bother Natural Law more than they do Nature as many mammalian (and other) species display such behaviours.
MTT TL, you touched on a good point: the media.
I can't comment on the US. However, in the UK, the media have entirely too much sway over government policy, or perhaps I should say the government lack the backbone to stick to their manifestos, given that this was what they were voted in on. I don't want control of the media, other than from within their own ranks. By all means try to make money, but not by printing dross and sensation, such as the short comings of the police whose hands have been tied by the government in an attempt to hit statistical targets, rather than fight crime. The press should be educating the public, no manipulating the public. In that respect, they all deserve an swift kick up the ****.
As far as knife wielding muggers is concerned, I agree: I'm no Bruce Lee.
Up against a knife, even a knife would be little use to me as I'd be within striking distance. The biggest flaw of the UK system and seemingly here also is that it should be an even fight: ****er that, I say.
I just want to win: I don't want points for style. Still, given the example I gave, I'd still turn and run, if I could. It is just less hassle, and Estonian prisons are grim.A firearm, in America, is statistically safer than a motor vehicle. 11.5/100,000 is the 2002 firearms-caused death rate, whether intentional or accidental, in the US. From 1998 through 2005 the average rate of vehicle-caused death, whether intentional or accidental, was 15.4/100,000 Americans. These figures were published by the CDC. Considering that cars are not made to function lethally, I think that shows just how much less safe cars are for the general public than firearms are. This very simple statistic does not take into account risk factors etc., so this posting is merely a pointer towards a larger and more complicated truth.
__________________
----- In Justice Robert H. Jackson's memorable words, "If there is any fixed star in our constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein."
Good news for gun enthusiasts, but if you did have more training and a more structured evaluation of who handles guns and how, then that number would doubtless be even lower. Surely, no bad thing...
Would be interesting to see if States that had some sort of assessment/training requirement prior to running into a LGS and buying a .45 had a lower incidence than those that don't...
@egor20
I am very happy that your wife is happy with her personal life choices.
Doner kebabs are more dangerous to ones health than either cars of guns. AvoidFactually in our nation more people are killed by vehicles every year than all gun activity combined (lawful use of force and illegal use of force combined)
Approximately 1/3 of all the people "killed by guns" used the gun to kill themselves. Typically about 11,000 +/- people a year kill themselves with guns. Me personally I dont consider these 11,000 deaths to actually be a crime as how do you stop someone intent on self destruction? Sounds like a mental illness to me....
But even given that in an average year you people in the US are killed by household poisons than all actions with any guns. All my facts and figures come from the Center for Disease Control and if I can reasonably find it I will include the link to the engine to derive the numbers so you can check my facts for yourself. And yes cars are more dangerous than guns for several reasons. Even the smallest commercial cars have significant weight, a bullet on the other hand is part of an ounce or in some cases on the very low end of the ounce scale.
E=MC2 - A handgun will generally have a limited recoil that should be equal and opposite to the force being shot forward... A car will have a similar effect as it is driven forward. A car will certainly take more energy to move and thus will take more energy to stop in comparison to a bullet...
(And yes I am not using the full set of science terms but the fact remains a bullet takes less to stop than a car at normal driving speed.)
The reason we don't try to outlaw cars is almost everyone who is an adult is familiar with cars and they aren't considered strictly dangerous by the general joe on the street, the same is not true for guns..... Yet factually they are both property and with few exceptions can never do anything without a human controlling the action.
People need cars for transport and thus use them every day and generally they feel comfortable with them. People may only "need" a gun for self-defense once in a lifetime although hunting and other uses are as legitimate as driving.
The rub is how many people are breaking the laws in cars every single day? How many people speed every day? Drink while driving? Road Rage? Yet people aren't raising cain about car control..... Why because they dont want to walk to work and the store etc....
People raise cain about gun control because the media in large part focuses language to make almost anything with a gun negative and controversial. also lots of people have never held nor ever touched a gun so it seems to be some evil unknown that our media reports negatively on every day.
How do I justify people buying a gun without a permit? Rights dont require permits... where is the free speech permit? Freedom of religion permit? Freedom of the press permit? If your of the age of majority and not in prision our Consitution seems to be quite clear that you have a right to keep and bear arms...
Nowhere does our constitution say a felony conviction = gun rights removal... It does have a due process of law clause but again I think the founding father would agree that if you werent in prison you as a citizen have a right to arms...
Please note: I never said that none of you had travelled. I was interested to see how many. If you have visited to the UK, then great: you have a taste of the place or part of it. If you have lived there, you'll have an even better idea of real life in that country.
I have travelled to the US. However, I would not claim to know it. I am sure those who were in the military have travelled a wee bit. Having not been in the military, perhaps you can enlighten me: do you feel that travelling in a military capacity gives you as clear a picture of a place as travelling on civvy street?
I ask as my friends who were in the Armed Forces had spent time in Northern Ireland, and Germany. They seemed to know their bases and a few watering holes, but could have been accused of "immersing themselves" in the local culture... particularly Germany. In the case of Northern Ireland that was probably ill advised.
@ BGutzman.
Good to hear that guns are statistically safer than cars.
Safer and safe are alas not the same, especially when dealing with a piece of engineering designed to efficiently kill.
Your previous statements suggest your logic to be "a gun is safer, therefore any and all can have access", whereas for me the more prudent approach is "it is safe and therefore all can have access". Given that guns cannot be called arbitrarily safe, by their very nature and purpose, it seems wiser to ensure and check all those with a gun know what the heck they are doing.
You also cite mental illness. Well, again, I prefer to know that there are systems in place, for example here in Estonia, that have at least a basic psychiatric evaluation into a person's mental well being before letting them go and buy a killing utensil. Mleake mentioned explosives, well that is a rational and logical approach if you chose to go nuts, but headcases are sometimes as impuslive as others are calculating. Similary some are more prone to crimes of passion than others. You get my drift.
The former approach (gun handling and safety) would logically make NDs less likely, and the latter (So, Mr Pond. Are you a nutter? No, Doctor.) would no doubt avoid mentally unstable people from having access to a destructive weapon.
With all said and done, the relative dangers of cars v guns is a bit off topic. My bad, I brought it up. But as a comparison, for me it holds. Both require careful handling.
Still, you can guess that I disagree with your view of absolute zero gun control. I am sure that the principle fits the American constitution. However, in reality, I doubt that every person who has or could have a weapon, if they simply chose to go in a shop and buy one, would be as responsible a gun owner as, doubtless you, and most other TFL members are.
Not everyone is intelligent.
Not everyone is mature.
Not everyone is responsible.
These are all traits I would like to see in a person living next door, if they owned and keep a gun.
Ergo: for me pragmatic gun control, is not bad.
Excessive, baseless, indiscriminate gun control is.
(and the UK is not somehow the epitome of a failed state!!)
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Why the East German Uprising of 1953 Was So Intense
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Hey cuties! Here's a totally random quiz from a GL reader just like you. Leave your answers in the comments, and don't forget to send in your own!
1. Hugs or kisses?
2. Mascara or lip gloss?
3. Vacation or camp?
4. Nick or Disney?
5. TV or movie?
6. Girls' night out or first date?
7. Real book or Kindle book?
8. Laptop or smartphone?
9. Fruit or veggies?
10. Reading or writing
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Board to consider 4-year tuition guarantee, US News rank bumps up
Diane Dietz has the very informative story here. As the article explains, the main effect of this is to encourage 4 year graduation, because after 4 years the tuition bumps up by the full amount of the past 4 years of increases. On-time graduation rates are heavily weighted in the US News rankings (Which were just announced, UO rose from 106 to 103.) On the other hand tuition is a small part of the cost of a fifth year of college, particularly for in-state students.
At schools where 4 year guarantees are optional the take-up rates are low. Still, maybe it's a useful marketing ploy for admissions, particularly if it's optional.
I have no comment on the tuition shell game, but clearly I am out of touch. My jaw dropped when I saw this in the article:
"The UO's annual tuition and fees this year is $10,289 for residents."
Wait, what? Really? And that's the nominal cost, before any financial aid or scholarships? What an incredible bargain. I know it's not like the old days when you could scoop ice cream over the summer and pay for your whole tuition, room, and board for the school year, but still, that is a remarkable deal for access to the sort of education that is available, if you're willing to work for it, at the UO.
We can apple and orange that one all day. As far as I know, we pay lower taxes here in the US, which means we end up paying more out of pocket for things like education and health care. I'm not a fan either, but given that structure, $10K per year for four years to get access to the UO faculty and a BA or BS degree on your resume is well worth the cost, and the opportunity cost.
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11. Feather:
This design showcases a detailed feather, symbolizing freedom and the journey towards it, embodying liberation and the beauty of nature.
12. Open Book:
The open book tattoo represents an open heart and mind, capturing the essence of curiosity, knowledge, and continuous learning.
13. Wave:
This design features a leafless tree, symbolizing growth, life, and personal development. It represents a new beginning or change, captured in the intricate branches without foliage.
14. Pine Tree:
A single, slender pine tree, standing for peace and longevity.
15. Paper Plane:
This design symbolizes childhood innocence, creativity, and the journey of life, captured through the simple yet profound form of a paper plane.
16. Bare Tree:
This design features a leafless tree, symbolizing growth, life, and personal development. It represents a new beginning or change, captured in the intricate branches without foliage.
17. Sun and Moon:
This tattoo captures both the sun and crescent moon in a harmonious image, symbolizing the balance between opposite forces and the cycle of life, reflecting the complementary nature of warmth and calm.
18. Star Constellation:
The design depicts a specific constellation, representing guidance or a loved one. It captures the beauty and mystery of the stars, emphasizing personal significance and connection to the cosmos.
19. Tiny Bee:
This design features a small bee, symbolizing hard work, teamwork, and productivity. It represents the collective effort and the impact of individual contributions towards a larger purpose.
20. Musical Note:
A single musical note (or a small series of notes) captures the essence of musicality, symbolizing love for music or a particular song that holds special meaning. It embodies harmony, passion, and a personal connection to music.
21. Roman Numerals:
Dates or numbers of personal significance are depicted in elegant Roman numeral form, symbolizing important milestones, memories, or people in a timeless and classic style.
22. Single Rose:
This design features a minimalist rose, embodying love, beauty, and balance. It captures the essence of a single rose with delicate petals and an elegant form, symbolizing the natural beauty and harmony found in simplicity.
23. Lightning Bolt:
Representing power, speed, and a spark of inspiration, this tattoo design captures the dynamic and intense energy of a lightning bolt. It's meant to inspire thoughts of swift change and the electrifying moments that propel us forward.
24. Small Skull:
A symbol of mortality, this design reminds us to live life to the fullest. The minimalist depiction of a small skull emphasizes the transient nature of life and the importance of embracing every moment.
25. Butterfly:
This design captures the essence of transformation, hope, and the beauty of change through the delicate form of a butterfly. It symbolizes personal growth, renewal, and the positive transformations that hope can bring about.
26. Bird in Flight:
Representing freedom, perspective, and the human spirit's aspiration, this tattoo showcases a bird silhouette in flight. It emphasizes the sense of liberation and the aspirations of the human spirit, embodied in the uplifting image of a bird soaring through the sky.
27. Eye:
A stylized eye representing wisdom, protection, and the ability to see beyond the obvious. The design captures the essence of insight and the wisdom to see the truth beyond appearances, symbolized in the simple yet profound image of an eye.
28. Planet:
This design symbolizes a love for space, science, and the feeling of being part of something larger. It captures the essence of the cosmos through the depiction of a specific planet or a concise solar system, fostering a sense of wonder and belonging to the universe.
29. Quill or Pen:
Representing creativity, the power of words, and the story of one's life, this tattoo captures the essence of a quill or pen. It symbolizes the act of writing as a form of creativity and the impact of words on our lives and the world.
30. Chain Links:
This design symbolizes connection, strength, and the breaking of bonds that hold one back. It captures the essence of interconnected chains, emphasizing the strength found in connections and the power to break free from constraints.
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Rejuvenating Mature Apple Trees
This page delves into the process of pruning mature and often neglected fruit trees. For guidance on younger or newly planted trees, we recommend 'Apple Tree Pruning: A Comprehensive Guide'.
I frequently receive queries from gardeners who have recently moved and inherited unruly, underperforming apple trees, or from those who have inadvertently over-pruned their trees. This article aims to help avoid common pruning pitfalls and provide solutions for past mistakes.
While commercial orchards typically remove old, unproductive trees in favor of well-pruned, high-yielding newcomers, home gardeners often have different priorities. You might wish to retain an old tree for its aesthetic value or sentimental significance, making fruit yield just one consideration among many.
Reasons for renovating old apple trees include:
1. Enhancing their visual appeal within the landscape.
2. Restoring a tree with sentimental value.
3. Improving fruit quality.
It's crucial to note that restoring an old tree can take up to three years, during which time you could be harvesting quality fruit from a new, healthy semi-dwarf tree. Moreover, it's not worth attempting to save a diseased tree; if the main framework is severely affected by canker, it's best to remove the tree and plant a new one.
Before we commence tree restoration, let's define some common pruning terms to facilitate understanding. Don't be intimidated by the initial complexity; the process is simpler than it may seem!
Fruit Production Modes:
- Tip Bearing: Fruit develops at the tips of branches, a less common trait. Pruning these tips reduces yield.
- Spur Bearing: Fruit grows on small, lateral branches called fruiting spurs, which are more prevalent. Spurs can be seen emerging from lateral branches.
- Partial Tip Bearers: Many apple varieties bear fruit on both tips and spurs. Pruning is similar to spur bearers.
Bud Types:
- Fruiting/Flower Buds: Larger and plumper than growth buds, with a downy surface, these produce flowers that mature into fruit.
- Wood/Growth Buds: Smaller, more pointed, and flush with the branch, these stimulate new growth.
- Outward Facing Buds: Any growth bud pointing away from the tree's center.
- Terminal Bud: The growth bud at a branch's tip. Removing it encourages lower buds to produce new lateral branches.
Branching Structures:
- Spurs: Short, stubby stems with fruiting buds, producing apples.
- Leader: The central, upward-growing branch.
- Scaffold/Lateral Branches: The main supporting branches of the tree.
- Crossing Branches: Branches that intersect, creating a dense canopy.
- Downward Branches: Branches hanging down from laterals or scaffolds, infertile and best removed.
- Whorls: Multiple small branches originating from the same point, common on unpruned mature trees.
- Water Sprouts: Thin, straight branches growing upward from laterals.
Suckers: Unwanted offshoots, known as suckers, often emerge near the base of an apple tree trunk. Most apple orchards employ grafted rootstocks to regulate tree size, ensuring that suckers, which grow faster and stronger than the main tree and may outcompete it, are not of the same variety. Regular removal is crucial to prevent them from draining resources from the primary tree.
Dead Wood: Dead or diseased wood, as the name suggests, is easily identifiable by the absence of leaves during the growing season or by its dark, brittle appearance and peeling bark in winter. Removing dead wood is essential to maintain tree health and prevent the spread of disease.
Canker: Canker, the most prevalent apple tree disease, is characterized by sunken, crusty areas of dead bark. Neglected or aged trees are particularly susceptible. The extent of canker infection determines whether a tree can be salvaged.
Pruning Timing and Extent: Pruning is best done during the tree's dormant season, ideally just before it emerges from dormancy, with early March being optimal. Winter pruning leaves wounds exposed to harsh elements when the tree cannot heal itself, while pruning during active growth results in excessive leaf production at the expense of fruit yield.
Restoring an Older Tree: Revitalizing an older apple tree requires patience, as it takes three years or more. This is to avoid overstressing the tree with too many wounds, which could invite disease, and to prevent vigorous, uncontrolled growth that would reduce yield and distort the tree's shape. It's important to remember that it took more than one season for the tree to become overgrown, so it will take time to restore it to health.
The most frequent error in tree care is 'topping', as illustrated, where excessive pruning results in a chaotic mass of rapid (and weak) growth. This practice ensures no fruit the subsequent year and necessitates considerable effort to restore fruiting for future years. The frail, forked junction between swift, new growth and a substantial limb also renders the tree more vulnerable to storm damage in later years.
CRUCIAL TO COMPREHEND: There are two primary types of cuts employed in tree pruning: thinning cuts and heading cuts. A thinning cut, which involves removing entire branches back to the point where they join the trunk, is akin to removing a branch at its origin. When revitalizing an aged tree, nearly all cuts should be thinning cuts. This type of cut facilitates air and light penetration into the tree and does not induce uncontrolled growth.
A heading cut, used to shape immature trees, entails cutting a branch anywhere other than its point of origin, thereby stimulating growth below the cut. A significant heading cut, often referred to as 'topping', prompts the tree to rapidly attempt to replace all foliage that has been removed. Heading cuts on primary branches generate dense, upright growth that congests the tree, blocks out light, and severely impedes fruit production. Rectifying this situation can take years. To grasp the impact of major heading cuts on a tree, understanding 'apical dominance' is helpful:
Apical dominance is the process that enables the tree to grow upright, allowing it to present its leaves to the sun and produce energy. Without apical dominance, tree growth would be entirely random. The leading bud (the last bud at the tip of a branch) produces the hormone auxin, which controls the buds below and prevents them from producing new branches. If the leading bud is removed (by a heading cut), auxin levels drop, and the buds lower down spring into action, producing new lateral branches. Once the leader is gone, everyone wants to be king! The consequences of major heading cuts can be observed in the 'NOT GOOD' image below.
Pre-Pruning Tree Care
Prior to commencing any renovation, it's advisable to focus on the tree's overall health. Ensuring ample light and adequate airflow is crucial for recovery, so clear away any encroaching hedges or large shrubs. Often, apple trees are planted too closely; thus, you may need to decide which trees to retain and which to remove. Applying a slow-release fertilizer, such as well-rotted garden compost, around the tree's base will also support recovery. However, avoid high-nitrogen feeds, as they can stimulate excessive new growth.
Essential Tools
To prune an established tree, you'll require a good-quality pair of secateurs, loppers, and a pruning saw or bow saw. The saw will be more necessary in the first year, while secateurs and loppers will be used annually. To maintain a fruit tree's optimal productivity, regular, annual pruning is essential.
A Practical Tip
To assist in decision-making, consider using a pack of colored chalk. Chalk can help mark branches intended for removal and highlight those you wish to keep, reducing uncertainty and stress.
Planning Ahead
Before making any cuts, visualize the desired shape of your tree and develop a definite plan. For beginners, marking branches can significantly ease the process, ensuring a well-considered outcome.
Commencing Pruning
Shall we begin? Let's proceed with the first year's pruning, which involves removing any dead, damaged, or diseased wood and opening up the tree's center. Limit your removal to no more than 25% of the tree per year to prevent excessive new growth. All cuts at this stage will be thinning cuts. First, identify and remove any dead wood, which will be evident due to its appearance and lack of buds or new growth. Dead wood does not count towards the 25% limit.
Inspect and remove compromised wood: Seek out areas where branches have been rubbing against each other or touching neighboring trees, as these are likely sites of damage. Any branches exhibiting signs of canker, a fungal disease that spreads through contact, must be eliminated. Even when dealing with dead wood, caution is advised, as canker may still be present. Sanitize pruning tools by dipping them in a disinfectant solution throughout the process to prevent disease transmission.
Pruning an aged tree: When working with mature trees, it is more effective to make a few large cuts rather than many small ones. Often, neglected trees have a dense main branch structure, so the goal of pruning is to improve branch spacing, allowing sunlight and air to reach all parts of the tree. This results in an open, 'goblet' shape, which promotes fruit ripening, easy picking, and annual pruning.
Addressing central crowding: You will likely find one or two large branches congesting the tree's center. These branches should be removed entirely, right down to their union with the trunk. Do not cut flush with the trunk; instead, make the cut just above the 'collar,' the raised ring where the branch meets the trunk. The cut should be at an angle to facilitate water runoff. If the branch is too large to remove in one piece, it can be taken down in sections, ensuring the entire branch is ultimately removed. Leaving partial limbs or stubs can lead to excessive regrowth, so it is essential to thin out entire limbs. Removing just one large central branch can significantly open up the tree.
Eliminate suckers: Finally, remove any suckers growing at the base of the tree. At this point, you have likely reached the 25% rule, indicating that it is time to leave the tree alone until the following season. Resist the temptation to perform additional pruning, as this is where amateur and professional pruners diverge.
In the second year, pruning will focus on refining the tree's shape and building upon the 'goblet' form established in the first year. The primary objective of pruning is to alleviate congestion, allowing for improved air circulation and light penetration, while also eliminating intersecting branches that could lead to disease entry points. As in the first year, adhere to the 25% rule.
Take time to visualize the tree and envision its ideal shape to suit your needs. Consider whether fruiting branches are too high for easy access, or if low-hanging branches hinder access for harvesting and pruning. An old adage suggests that a well-pruned tree should allow one to throw a hat through it; keep this in mind as you assess your tree.
When removing large lateral branches, employ a three-cut method to prevent tearing at the trunk as the branch falls. Begin by making the first cut about 6 inches below the branch, approximately one-third of the way into the branch. The second cut, made about 3 inches below the first, should aim to cut through the branch, but it may snap off once you reach the depth of the first cut. Finally, remove the remaining stump by cutting close to the branch collar, ensuring not to cut flush with the trunk.
Downward-growing branches, as depicted in the main tree diagram, should be removed as they restrict access and receive insufficient light for optimal fruiting. Cut these branches back to their origin point.
Upright Growth and New Sprouts: Eliminate any vertical growth emerging from your primary lateral branches. You'll encounter numerous new, upright whip-like stems (water sprouts) from last year's pruning; excise these at their base. Conversely, retain water sprouts facing away from the tree's center, as they serve as potential new lateral branches, until your final pruning.
Intersecting Branches: Branches that cross and rub against each other can cause congestion and create wounds, acting as entry points for diseases. As shown in the adjacent image, remove any dead branches resulting from such rubbing, as they may have succumbed to diseases that entered through the contact points.
Shading Branches: If one large branch network overshadows another, it hinders fruit production on the lower branch. Select the healthiest, most suitable branch for your tree's structure and remove the others.
Competing Branches: By now, you may have reached your 25% pruning quota, but if not, begin shaping your tree's canopy by targeting smaller branches growing from the main lateral framework. If branches are competing for the same space, thin them out by removing them at their junction with the main branch. Visualize open, well-lit space as prime real estate; if several small branches are vying for this space, thin them out accordingly. If a cluster of small branches is present, removing the middle one often resolves the issue and provides room for the surrounding branches to grow.
Year 3: Based on the pruning accomplished in the previous year, you might still have some competing branches to eliminate, allowing the tree to grow more openly. The illustration below demonstrates the desired form: all branches are well-exposed to sunlight, while those previously shaded by upper branches have been removed.
Once these competing branches are trimmed, Year 3 focuses on refining rather than major pruning. At this stage, we should observe how the tree responds to pruning and use this information to optimize fruit production. As you're aware, there are two primary types of cuts for shaping trees: thinning cuts and heading cuts. Thus far, you've employed thinning cuts to remove entire branches. Heading cuts, typically used on young trees for shaping, can be employed with mature trees during restoration. To accurately use heading cuts, we must understand the types of buds on the tree and their response to pruning.
Bud Types:
- Growth or Wood Buds (Left): These are smaller than flower buds, grow tightly into the branch or stem, and have a slender, pointed, and more scaly appearance.
- Flower Buds (Right): Larger and plumper than growth buds, flower buds have a downy surface. By November, the difference between growth and flower buds should be evident. Unless you have a tip-bearing variety (unlikely), flower buds grow on spurs – short, stubby branches where fruit is produced. In tip-bearing varieties, flower buds appear at the branch ends.
In the process of training a tree, our primary focus is on the growth buds. Heading cuts, performed above these buds, stimulate the growth of new branches that will extend in the direction indicated by the bud's orientation. For instance, pruning above a bud pointing inwards, towards the tree's center, will result in an unwanted inward-growing branch. Conversely, pruning above outwards-facing buds encourages the tree to develop an open, less congested growth habit.
In the second year, you will observe a proliferation of new water sprouts emerging vertically and at angles from your lateral branches. Any vertical sprouts or those pointing towards the tree's center should be removed. Those facing away from the trunk can either be trained to become new fruit-bearing branches or eliminated if they are growing towards a crowded part of the tree.
Step back and identify any open gaps in the tree's framework where branches are not shading from above. Leave any outwards-facing sprouts growing towards empty spaces, and remove the rest. It's common for sprouts to grow in pairs; you can remove one and keep the other if it aligns with your desired growth direction. To modify a sprout's direction, locate a growth bud pointing in the desired direction and make a 45-degree angle cut above it. Examples of proper pruning cuts can be found above.
As we are employing heading cuts at this stage (and recalling the principle of apical dominance), be aware that pruning new wood will lead to the production of new lateral branches below the cut. Any laterals that do not fit your plan can be removed later by pruning back to their point of origin.
In summary, this guide provides general principles that may not perfectly fit every tree but remain applicable nonetheless. To recap: avoid topping your tree, do not remove more than 25% of the tree in any given year, and make a smaller number of larger cuts rather than a larger number of smaller cuts.
Rejuvenating Neglected Apple Trees: A Comprehensive Guide
Commence by accessing the tree's core, ensuring each branch receives ample sunlight. To initiate this process, promptly eliminate any deceased limbs, making clean cuts to healthy wood, but avoid penetrating it. During the dormant season, meticulously prune the entire tree, adhering to the instructions provided in this guide or consulting a reputable fruit tree pruning manual.
To foster optimal growth, eliminate competing vegetation, such as trees and shrubs, to facilitate light penetration and reduce rivalry. However, if the tree resides in a densely wooded area, avoid removing all competing vegetation in the first year to prevent sudden excessive sun exposure, which could stress the tree.
Distribute soil amendments (detailed below) around the drip line and several feet beyond, steering clear of the trunk. Consider employing our 'Ancients Rise' fertilizer mix. The recommended quantities are as follows:
- 10-15 lbs each:
- Hi-cal lime (long-term calcium source)
- Colloidal phosphate (short-term calcium and phosphorus)
- Azomite (long-term minerals and trace minerals)
- Granite meal (for enhanced soil texture)
- Menefee humates (facilitates mineral and rock-powder breakdown)
- 5 Lbs: Greenstone (enhances plants' nutrient absorption)
- For elevating humus levels, add 5 lbs each:
- Alfalfa meal
- Bone meal
- Kelp meal
- Blood meal
- ¼–½ yd compost
After applying the amendments and compost, cover them with a 6-12" layer of mulch composed of lawn clippings, leaves, or chipped brush. This layer will suppress weeds, conserve moisture, prevent leaching, and provide a habitat for soil organisms to decompose the fertilizers.
This information was disseminated by Michigan State University's Cooperative Extension Service.
Throughout Michigan, one can find aged, neglected, or partially abandoned apple trees, many of which are vintage cultivars no longer commercially cultivated. Despite their age, with proper care, these trees can yield high-quality fruit suitable for fresh consumption or processing into applesauce, jelly, butter, or cider. Residents often express interest in caring for nearby desirable cultivars to utilize their fruit.
Typically, these old trees stand tall, around 25 to 30 feet, with years of neglected pruning. The average homeowner may lack the necessary equipment or knowledge to maintain and spray these trees, resulting in small, diseased, and insect-damaged fruits. However, a structurally sound tree can be revitalized, provided its trunk is not severely rotted and large lateral limbs are not hollow.
Once a decision is made to retain a tree, the challenge is to restore it to productive use while reducing its size for manageable maintenance. Aesthetic considerations may also come into play. The suggested renovation procedure involves:
1. Assessing the Tree: The typical abandoned apple tree is excessively tall, with numerous weak, dead, or dying interior limbs (Figure 1). Its size needs significant reduction without causing permanent damage.
2. Pruning: Severe cuts can be made to remove old, weak limbs, stimulating latent buds to produce new, vigorous growth. Some young growth, or water sprouts (new growth within the past 2 to 4 years), should be left to form the new tree structure (Figure 2). These sprouts can be identified by their smooth bark, unlike the scaly bark of older limbs.
By following this procedure, one can successfully restore an abandoned apple tree to productive use while reducing its size and improving its overall health and aesthetics.
Prior to initiating pruning, meticulously examine the primary limb structure of the tree to determine optimal cutting points. Seek out relatively recent water sprout growth in the lower regions of the tree, which can be retained to contribute to the new tree structure. Water sprout growth is distinguished by its exceedingly smooth bark, indicating it has emerged within the past two to four years (Figure 2). Conversely, older limbs will exhibit heavy, scaly bark and should typically be removed.
The initial severe pruning of an abandoned apple tree (Figure 3) illustrates this process. Notice that some newer water sprout growth was preserved on this tree, and substantial limb cuts were made approximately 8 to 12 inches above the origin of these small branches (A). Additionally, the terminal ends of the small branches were cut back in favor of more outward-growing laterals (B).
Renovation is ideally conducted in early spring, typically in April. If water sprout growth can be found in the lower areas of the tree, all old, large limbs should be removed about 8 to 12 inches above this new growth. This is most efficiently accomplished using a chainsaw. Before removal, slightly undercut these large limbs to prevent severe bark tearing upon impact with the ground. Be cautious that they do not damage the shoots intended to be retained. When making severe cuts on old limbs, strive to make them more or less perpendicular to the ground. Upward-facing cuts can collect and hold water from rainfall, leading to winter ice damage and summer decay. Apply white outdoor latex paint to these large cuts within a few days to protect the wound from weather elements. Outdoor white latex paint is non-toxic to the tree and seals out moisture, preventing decay.
A renovated tree two growing seasons after major limbs were removed (Figure 4) demonstrates the desired outcome. Note the cut made on upright growth to encourage outward growth.
Upon performing the primary limb cuts, a substantial part of the mature tree will be eliminated, including a significant portion of its extensive root system. To prevent overstimulation, refrain from fertilizing the tree during the initial post-cut season, as it will naturally produce abundant new top growth. To encourage outward growth, prune the remaining shoots on the main cut limbs, favoring lateral limbs over upright ones (refer to Figure 4).
In the subsequent spring, remove most of the small limbs that emerged during the first summer, retaining only the most desirable. To maintain a manageable height, eliminate the upright portions of new shoots (indicated by dotted lines in Figure 5).
By the conclusion of the first growing season, the severely pruned tree will have generated a multitude of new, vigorous shoots. In the following spring, typically in April, most of these new shoots should be removed, leaving only those in favorable locations that can be trained outward. The selected permanent limbs should then be headed, with the top portion removed to encourage lateral growth parallel to the ground (as illustrated in Figure 5).
By the spring of the third season, the tree will have produced numerous new, vigorous branches, capable of yielding a small fruit crop. Observe that many of the small limbs left from the first spring will have developed into relatively large, productive structures (refer to Figure 6).
During the second growing season following the severe pruning, vigorous new growth will once again occur, resulting in a tree similar to the one depicted in Figure 6.
In April of the third growing season, thin out the new shoots produced during the second growing season, retaining only the most desirable limbs chosen earlier. To promote lateral rather than upright growth, tip these remaining limbs again. Typically, a small fruit crop will be produced in the third year.
The tree-pruning technique, when applied, yields a new tree structure that typically reaches heights of 12 to 15 feet, approximately half the stature of the original tree. The growth on this new tree is robust, yielding abundant crops of large, high-quality fruit. The reduced size of the tree also facilitates easier spraying and management (see Figure 7). Each subsequent spring, remove some limbs and thin the growth on permanent limbs to prevent the tree from becoming too dense. The shading resulting from this underpinning can decrease fruit production and weaken inner growth.
This rigorous system of renovating old apple trees, though severe, has demonstrated success in producing smaller trees with high-quality fruit production. These trees can be maintained with relative ease for many years. Michigan State University (MSU) is committed to Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity, ensuring its programs are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, or disability. Issued in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, this information is intended for educational purposes only. Mention of commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service, nor bias against those not mentioned. This bulletin becomes public property upon publication and may be reprinted verbatim, provided it is not used to endorse or advertise a commercial product or company. (New) 5/86, lOM-kMF-JP
For information about UMaine Extension programs and resources, visit extension.umaine.edu. Find more of our publications and books at extensionpubs.umext.maine.edu.
Should your primary objective be the swiftest possible fruit harvest, it may be prudent to reevaluate your decision to renovate or replant. The renovation process could span approximately three years, during which time a healthy, young, semi-dwarf tree could already be yielding fruit.
Assuming you wish to retain the old tree for sentimental reasons, the initial step involves eliminating any competing vegetation and brush, as apple trees prefer full sun. Next, consider the self-shade cast by the tree; neglected trees can become overgrown, with their centers shaded out. Pruning opens the canopy, enhancing fruit size and quality by removing many competing fruit buds.
Pruning Strategies
Begin by removing any dead or diseased limbs. Subsequently, eliminate competing branches that intersect or cluster densely. Remove upright or downward-growing branches, favoring those with a slight upward angle. Upon completion, the canopy should appear well-spaced, with no dense clusters of branches.
Pruning Tips
- Perform pruning during the tree's dormant season, ideally between March and April, after the risk of severe cold weather has passed but before growth resumes.
- Use tools that are appropriately sized for the task; making a few large cuts is generally easier and more effective than numerous small cuts.
- Adhere to the "rule of thirds": remove about a third of the excess limbs each year over three years. The tree did not become overgrown overnight, and correcting this will also take time.
- Commence pruning at the top, as this is where the pruning will have the most significant impact. Gradually prune less as you move down the canopy.
- Remove entire limbs and branches, avoiding partial limbs or stubs, to minimize regrowth.
MEDIA: Apple Tree Pruning Tutorial (YouTube)
Nourishing Your Trees
Fertilization plays a lesser role than pruning in rejuvenating aged apple trees. Begin by assessing your soil's needs for lime, potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) through a test. Your local UMaine Extension County Office can supply test instructions and forms, or you can reach out to the Analytical Lab and Maine Soil Testing Service at 207.581.3591.
Nitrogen (N) should be applied judiciously. Renovation pruning often involves severe cuts, and excessive nitrogen can stimulate unwanted vegetative growth. Unless the tree is nearly deceased, withhold N during renovation.
Post-severe pruning, use the 12- to 18-inch shoot growth rule. If growth is less than 12 inches, increase fertilizer; between 12 and 18 inches, maintain last year's amount; above 18 inches, avoid nitrogen application. Standard-sized trees typically require 0.5 to 1 pound of actual nitrogen per tree annually. If nitrogen was applied during renovation, halve these amounts.
For further apple tree guidance, consult your UMaine Extension County Office.
This publication's content is for educational purposes only. No responsibility is assumed for any issues stemming from the use of mentioned products or services. No product or company endorsement is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products or companies implied.
For University of Maine Cooperative Extension publications and program details, call 800.287.0274 (within Maine) or 207.581.3188, or visit extension.umaine.edu.
The University of Maine, an equal opportunity and affirmative action employer, ensures that it does not discriminate against individuals based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, age, disability, or veteran status. This commitment extends to all aspects of employment, education, and other university programs. Inquiries regarding non-discrimination policies should be directed to Sarah E. Harebo, the Director of Equal Opportunity, located at 101 North Stevens Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5754. She can be reached at 207.581.1226 or via the Maine Relay System at 711 (TTY).
Regarding the rejuvenation of an old apple tree:
An aged, unkempt apple tree, with its twisted, bent branches, may evoke a certain rustic charm, but it often yields small, inaccessible, and pest-infested fruit. However, through a process known as "renovation" or corrective pruning, such a tree can be revitalized and restored to its former productivity and beauty.
Before embarking on this task, it is prudent to consider whether the effort required will yield satisfactory results. Some factors to ponder include:
- The tree's variety: Is it particularly valuable or does it produce exceptional fruit? Keep in mind that renovation can improve fruit size and taste.
- The tree's location: Do you wish to keep the tree where it currently stands?
- Practicality: Would one or more dwarf trees, which are easier to manage and offer a greater yield per square foot, be more suitable for your needs? The trend among fruit farmers supports the cultivation of smaller trees.
As you begin the renovation process, remember to prune drastically but avoid removing too many limbs at once. This approach will help stimulate new growth and restore the tree's health and productivity.
To preserve the tree during your renovation project, commence now, during its dormant phase, by significantly reducing the size of one or two substantial limbs near their base, lower on the tree. Postpone further drastic cuts until the subsequent year, or even the year after, to prevent undue stress to the tree. These initial cuts will swiftly lower the tree's overall height, exposing the remaining structure to increased sunlight and improved air circulation. A lower tree height facilitates easier harvesting, while enhanced light exposure nourishes fruit buds and reduces disease risks by accelerating the drying of leaves and fruits. Consider engaging a professional for these initial cuts, depending on their severity. The extent of these cuts depends on the tree's current and desired shape, with new fruiting wood emerging above the height to which a limb is cut back.
New limbs, or sprouts, will emerge from dormant buds following these cuts. Ideally, make your cuts back to well-positioned side branches, but do not worry if none are present, as new sprouts will grow from these buds. However, be prepared for an abundance of new sprouts; remove most of them to prevent overcrowding. Regularly visit your tree throughout the spring and summer, grasping and removing excess sprouts with a sharp downward motion. Retain well-placed sprouts that are appropriately spaced and originate from a suitable height to form new limbs. Any overlooked sprouts can be pruned back the following year, but they are more likely to resprout from their base. Be relentless in removing sprouts, as an excess of new branches will lead to the same shaded, damp conditions that necessitated pruning in the first place.
Proceed to detailed pruning, and a holistic approach to tree care, as outlined below.
Following the initial substantial cuts, employ a small pruning saw and lopping shears for more precise trimming. Sever dead, damaged, or diseased branches back to healthy wood. Additionally, eliminate crowded or weak stems, often found in shaded tree areas and drooping downwards. Either excise them entirely or shorten to the point where they commence their downward bend.
The most meticulous cuts involve the spurs – short, stubby branches, roughly an inch or two long, that bear fruit. Mature apple trees frequently have an excess of spurs, dispersing resources among numerous fruits, resulting in small, inferior-quality produce. Use handheld pruning shears to completely remove some spurs and to eliminate just a side branch or two from others.
To conclude, tidy the bark. Loose, aged bark can harbor pests like codling moth larvae. Gently scrape the bark clean using a short-handled hoe or balled-up chicken wire, removing only the loose surface bark.
Step back and appreciate your handiwork. A tidied-up old apple tree appears even more charming than it did in its overgrown state. Now, give your tree an affectionate pat.
PRUNING OVERGROWN PLUM TREES
WHEN TO PRUNE YOUR OVERGROWN PLUM TREE?
The optimal time to prune your plum tree is when it is actively growing, and for established trees, early June to mid-July is ideal. Avoid winter or spring pruning due to the heightened risk of fungal infection, and refrain from autumn pruning as the tree requires leaves to transfer nutrients.
Mature plum trees exhibit considerable variation in form, scale, and architecture, necessitating a flexible approach to their care, as one-size-fits-all guidelines are impractical. Nevertheless, a set of fundamental, user-friendly principles can be applied to most overgrown plum trees, serving as a reliable guide for amateur gardeners. We advocate a four-step preparatory process before commencing pruning:
1. Equip Yourself Appropriately: A sharp pair of secateurs is suitable for smaller stems, while a pruning saw is recommended for larger branches. To prevent cross-contamination, disinfect tools using a solution of one part bleach to ten parts water when moving between trees.
2. Ensure Safe Access: Utilize a secure set of steps or a ladder to reach higher branches. If you're uncomfortable with this, enlist the assistance of someone else.
3. Plan for Waste Disposal: Anticipate the volume of branches and stems that will be removed and arrange for their disposal or burning beforehand.
4. Educate Yourself: Thoroughly review the provided pruning guidelines for plum trees, focusing on techniques that minimize damage, especially when removing substantial branches.
Before pruning, assess your tree's condition, plan your approach, and re-evaluate your strategy based on the guidelines. The core principles include:
- Spread Pruning Over Time: If extensive pruning is necessary, distribute it over two to three years to avoid shocking the tree.
Initial Pruning Steps:
- Commence by eliminating the "three Ds": dead, damaged, and diseased branches. These contribute nothing to a tree's healthy growth and serve as entry points for infections.
- Sever any branches that cross one another, as rubbing can damage bark and invite infections.
- Thin out the tree's center: ideally, the main stem should have three to four primary branches spreading outward, not inward. If there are more, reduce them to this number, even if it means removing some large branches.
- When pruning, strive to maintain the tree's "balance" by evenly spacing major branches around it. The tree will naturally balance its growth over time.
Additional Pruning Guidelines:
- Trim lower branches so that main stems and branches grow at least parallel to the ground, preferably upward and outward.
- If the tree is excessively tall, prune a third of its height to encourage fruit production lower down.
Pruning Techniques for Plum Trees (and Other Fruit Trees):
This section details how to prune a branch, with the same rules applying to plum trees and other fruit trees. The key principle is to avoid damaging the branch collar and to make clean cuts that do not tear the bark. The following steps illustrate this process:
1. Cut a notch about 3 cm deep into the underside of the branch to prevent it from tearing as you make the second cut.
2. Cut downward through the branch, supporting it as you do so, to ensure a clean cut.
PHASE III The final incision ought to be made as adjacently as possible to the branch's collar, without infringing upon it.
EXCISE WATER SPROUTS
Water sprouts are rapid-growing shoots that ascend vertically. They frequently emerge on a plum tree subsequent to a rigorous pruning the preceding year. They bear no fruit and merely deplete the tree's vitality without purpose. If left unpruned, they swiftly obstruct light and hinder beneficial air circulation within the tree's core. Excise them as closely as possible to the primary branch or trunk using sharp secateurs. Regularly performing this task will halt their growth within a few months. Optimal timing is during the tree's active growth phase, from early June to early August, preferably on a dry day to mitigate infection risk.
REVITALIZING OVERGROWN APPLE TREES
Apple trees neglected for several years often develop an abundance of branches, leaving insufficient energy for fruit production. Overgrown apple trees also pose challenges during harvesting and spraying. Gardeners facing such a scenario may feel at a loss regarding tree restoration. A light-hearted suggestion is to make a single cut at ground level and commence anew with a new tree. However, trees may hold sentimental value, making the revitalization process worthwhile. Bear in mind that this is a multi-year endeavor, as no more than 30% of the tree should be removed annually. Here are the steps to follow:
1. Remove all dead wood, which does not contribute to the annual removal limit.
2. Eliminate suckers growing at the tree's base.
Select around six of the most robust branches to retain as scaffold branches. Eliminate all others, ensuring each is cut flush with the branch collar, which is the natural swelling at the point where a branch meets the trunk or a larger branch. Avoid removing the collar, as this would leave a larger wound that would require more time to heal. Scientific evidence indicates that wounds heal faster when left exposed, so avoid painting them. Ideal candidates for removal include branches with narrow crotch angles, which are more prone to breaking in harsh weather conditions, and those that intersect with branches you intend to keep. This initial pruning may be all that's possible in the first year if the 30 percent reduction threshold has been reached.
Subsequently, thin the branches on each selected scaffold branch. Remove any crowded branches to allow for better light penetration and humidity escape. Trim each scaffold branch back to a side branch. Upon completion, the tree should have sufficient wood removed to allow a softball to be thrown through its canopy.
Severe pruning often stimulates an apple tree to produce vigorous side shoots from the trunk, known as water sprouts, and straight-growing suckers from the main branches. Throughout the growing season, these suckers and water sprouts should be removed to maintain an open tree center.
In cases where a tree cannot be salvaged but you wish to preserve its apple tree variety, consider grafting. Scions taken from the old tree can be grafted onto a new rootstock to create a new tree. If you lack the necessary skills, consult a local fruit tree nursery to find someone who may be able to assist.
Timing and Importance of Pruning Deciduous Fruit Trees
Winter is the optimal season to prune deciduous fruit trees such as apples, pears, and plums. While these trees can bear fruit regardless of pruning, excessive height and unproductive wood can hinder reliable cropping and accessibility of fruit. The primary objective of home garden fruit tree pruning is to facilitate consistent, high-quality yields with manageable tree sizes and well-developed fruit.
Orchard Description and Current State
An orchard in the Adelaide Hills, established eight years ago, comprises 25 trees of various apple, pear, and plum varieties. These trees have endured with rainwater and minimal pruning. However, they now require attention to ensure optimal productivity.
Pruning Techniques for Apples
When pruning apples, identify the central leader and ensure no competing branches exist. Remove clutter within the tree to create an open framework, eliminating excessive branches that hinder fruiting. Eliminate crossing and low branches, as well as the terminal shoot at the tip of each branch, reducing it to five or six buds. Preserve laterals, which are branches forming a 30-60 degree angle, as they develop fruiting spurs for the next season. Remove any remaining stubby growth, which are current season's fruiting spurs, and any old fruit left on the tree. Prune a quarter-inch past a bud at an angle.
Pruning Techniques for Pears
Similar to apples, pears fruit on flowering spurs and the tips of one-year-old laterals. When pruning, reduce the terminal and preserve these laterals to produce fruit for the following season.
To effectively prune plum trees, it is crucial to cultivate a 'vase shape', which entails creating an open center to facilitate light penetration. Identify six to nine robust branches that can serve as the tree's structural foundation. When managing a Japanese plum, assess the tree's shape and eliminate any elements that hinder its form. Subsequently, prioritize the removal of any elongated, flexible growth. Plums bear fruit on fruiting spurs and one-year-old laterals, so it is essential to eliminate any aged or deceased wood that may hinder new growth, aiming to achieve a sturdy terminal with promising fruiting spurs ready for the current season's harvest.
Maintaining good orchard hygiene is equally vital. Post-pruning, collect the cuttings and dispose of them, along with any decaying fruit, as they may harbor diseases.
Although it may be enticing to remain indoors during the winter months, investing a little time in pruning fruit trees will yield significant dividends.
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Stats
Personal theory time: Celestia has just spent a ~millennium alone (I'm assuming Cadance aged normally here). That's got to be a little bit traumatizingly depressing. Then, in the span of a less than two decades (again, assumptions about pony lifespans being made) Cadence comes along, she gets her sister back and her student attains princess-hood.
Scroll over this sentence for my spoiler based thoughts. Edit: I was right! It was about pride in
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An acclaimed Vancouver landscape architect shares insights into designing for the region's unique west coast climate, characterized by mild temperatures, abundant rainfall, and persistent fog. The challenge lies in managing precipitation and optimizing lighting for the often-dim evenings.
Having honed his craft in this climate, the architect's Vancouver-based firm now undertakes projects across Canada, along the western seaboard of the United States, and internationally, including the Netherlands, the Middle East, and China.
In his designs, the architect emphasizes the beauty of the west coast's verdant hues, suggesting that gardens should emphasize various shades of green, textures, and foliage scales. He explains, 'I appreciate the subtleties of similar textures or the boldness of large leaves and textures that create distinct moods.'
To enhance gardens during the long winter nights, the architect advocates for strategic artificial lighting. He advises, 'Imagine moonlight in your garden. Spread light evenly across horizontal surfaces to create a dancing effect, rather than focusing on single points.'
To manage the west coast's rainy winters and dry summers, the architect recommends porous ground surfaces like groundcover plants, flagstone with ample soil space, or gravel. These alternatives to grass require no irrigation or fertilizer and help replenish aquifers.
Integrate flora of varying heights and shapes between the residence and the street, establishing tiers of hedges, plantings, and trees. As Sangha advises, 'You could have a foreground and midground, with the property receding into the background,' thereby generating a sense of depth that amplifies the property's perceived size. 'In a manner akin to the layers of an onion, one progresses through a sequence of plantings and distinct spaces.'
Prior to commencing landscaping endeavors, Sangha advocates for a comprehensive, overarching plan. Once this vision is established, he suggests addressing the project in incremental sections. 'With a clear destination in mind, you'll circumvent much of the hassle and expense associated with rework and revisions,' he notes.
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Are Robots Taking Over Our Jobs?
Research shows that robots are very good at doing routine or repetitive tasks. And repetitive jobs are easier to automate – meaning that it can be programmed, so the robot can do it without human assistance. As computers has become faster and cheaper over the years, it's now possible to build robots to do more routine tasks previously done by humans. The tasks can be divided into steps and then into computer code for a computer to duplicate. Some of these tasks are mathematical calculations, information retrieval, and data sorting. It's harder to automate tasks that require flexibility, judgment, intuition, creativity, and common sense.
Automation does not mean that jobs with routine or repetitive tasks will simply disappear. When ATMs appeared in the 1970s, a lot of people worried that they would replace bank branches and tellers and that people will lose their jobs. Actually, the arrival of ATMs resulted in an increase of the number of bank branches. Why? Because while the number of tellers per branch decreased, more challening employment opportunities for tellers opened up. There were more tellers employed in 2010 than in 1980, and their duties have since expanded to include "relationship banking"—something ATMs cannot do.
A similar effect happened in the Auto Manufacturing. While a lot of manual labor jobs were replaced by machines, cars have become more complex, requiring more humans using their brains. As a result, it takes more human labor to produce a car now than in the past.
Advancement in technology will likely change the types of jobs available and what those jobs pay. As new technology take away routine work, economists suggest that polarization will happen, which means that many jobs in the "middle" will disappear through automation, but the number of low-skill/low-income jobs and high-skill/high-income jobs will see gains. This makes some worry that the gap between high-income workers and middle- and low-income workers will grow even wider. Will it?
Low-skill jobs often require skills such as adaptability, physical mobility, and interpersonal interaction—food preparation and serving, cleaning and janitorial services, home healthcare, hair styling—which are difficult to replicate through automation.
On the other side are "abstract" jobs that require skills such as problem-solving, intuition, creativity, and persuasion; in the job market these are professional, technical, and managerial positions. These workers generally have a lot of education, and the jobs require inductive reasoning, communication, and specialized skills. And they are also difficult to replicate through automation.
The fact is, productivity-enhancing new technology has changed the economy in dramatic ways over the past two centuries, but it has not made human labor obsolete. Many economists see new technology and automation as a trend that has been happening for most of human history, and it will continue to happen in the future.
The challenge is in helping future workers with the skills they need to be competitive and productive in an ever changing economy.
Source: Economic Research St. Louis Fed
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Dairy Goat and Swine Performance Enhancement
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Silage Pile Covering: A 16-Step Guide
Posted on August 17, 2021, under Forage Fundamentals
By Andy Carlson, Vita Plus dairy specialist
The concluding phase of harvest, and arguably the most pivotal, is the secure and airtight covering of bunkers and piles to restrict oxygen and safeguard forages. The bacteria responsible for fermentation and preservation require a low-oxygen environment to function optimally. Here are some guidelines to help you safely, efficiently, and effectively cover forages:
1. Safety First: Mandate high-visibility attire. Conduct a safety briefing before commencing. Maintain a safe distance from all forage faces. Ensure your farm crew and harvest crew are aware of each other's traffic patterns.
2. Effective Communication: Utilize radios or other means to coordinate, especially on large piles and in windy conditions.
3. Sufficient Tires/Sidewalls: Ensure you have enough to cover the entire pile, with tires touching to prevent oxygen ingress beneath the plastic.
4. Adequate Plastic and Vapor Barrier: Order enough to cover the entire pile, accounting for overlap and an extra 3 to 4 feet around the edges.
5. Site Preparation: Remove all old feed or potential contaminants from the bunker or pile site before covering.
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Starling Bird Flying into window
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On August 1, 2011, an archaeological discovery was made at the School for Mystics, situated beside Trout Lake. The site comprises seven concentric stone pathways that ascend in a spiral. Distinctive carvings on the stones indicate the positions where peace pipes were once placed. Upon my initial visit to this location two decades ago, I was unexpectedly instructed to remove my footwear. I inquired about the significance of this practice, to which my guide responded, "We're uncertain; it's merely a tradition we've maintained since childhood." Despite being advised to traverse the entire stone pathway, I impulsively stepped across the circles, reaching the central, elevated Place of Power. Remarkably, a cat hissed at me, suggesting that the site's spiritual energy was still potent enough to animate a guardian, even after a millennium. I found this phenomenon intriguing. It is widely believed among Native Americans that white men lack the comprehension to grasp the concept of'sacred', as they are perceived to be disconnected from nature and the spirits that bind all living things into a singular, great spirit, due to their excessive indoor pursuits.
In the traditional peace pipes, a blend of herbs and certain fungi was employed. The inhalation of this concoction, at minimum, was known to enhance the cognitive focus of participants. I posed this query to my acquaintance Joe, who, as an indigenous individual and an advocate of the Socratic method of instruction, offered a response that was characteristically open-ended. Rather than providing a direct answer, he posed a question in return, stating, "I couldn't venture a guess. It's truly a matter of your interpretation."
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This second ultrafast flash of radio waves was discovered by the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico, which had been putting out its feelers in hopes of discovering neutron stars. Instead, it got the second instance of so-called fast radio bursts (FRBs), which finally allowed astronomers to rule out cosmic noise and formally report them. Because unlike the radio signals we usually detect, these radio waves "show every sign of having come from far outside our galaxy."
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According to Laura Spitler, a post-doctoral researcher for the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Germany, the discovery is a major step forward:
We really have no handle on what they are. Scientists are highly skeptical of such discoveries … [that] all of the bursts up until now had been discovered by the Parkes telescope was a cause of concern. Now, with the discovery of a burst from Arecibo, we are more confident that FRBs are astrophysical phenomena, and discovering and classifying them should be a priority of radio astronomical observatories in the future.
There's even been discussions in the literature about signatures from extraterrestrial civilizations.
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It may be quite a while before we get any definitive answers, though. The two radio telescopes that detected the waves suffer from tunnel vision, which means that since our view is so limited, any FRBs we find in the future will largely be thanks to luck. But as Cornell astronomer James Cordes also said to NPR, "The nice things about this in the current stage is that we really don't know what these bursts are caused by. And so the sky's the limit in some respects."
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Essentially the wheel still spins but the bearing doesn't. When this happens on regular skateboards you lose a lot of speed due to friction but with boosted it's harder to identify while riding because you're being powered by the rotary motors.
Camera guy here. But 2.7 isn't a focus. 😂 could be the aperture and a lot of lenses shoot 2.8 (Friday)but they're probability working with very fast lenses allowing. Them to set it at 2.7. So anything I just wanted to give some slight insight and keep your idea alive.
Replacing my bands and realized one of the bearings is nearly jammed. They're not the traditional sized bearings and I'm not aware of the best way to solve this issue. I'm in college and money is tight. But I also don't want to ruin them by opening them up and trying to clean them.
Are you trying to relate a team meeting/viewing party for the playoff selection show to a visit to the White House right now? But yes, Dabo said at the beginning of that season if we made it to the CFP he would buy everyone pizza. Still unsure how that relates...
My girl of 3 years ended it out of the blue 2 days after our anniversary. This was a year and a half ago. Honestly, I'm still not over her. But the time I had to myself and the things I learned looking back I wouldn't want it any other way. It sucks, it really does. But I can tell you that you'll be alright even if you don't see it right now. Things have a way of working themselves out and and I'm not sure if you're religious, but let's just say there's a plan for you, and right now she's not apart of it. Hit up some of your homies and see if they're down to just hang out so you can get your mind off it. Explore new ideas, music, hobbies. I picked up photography when I was feeling like there was nothing left and I think I found my true passion as a result. You got it dude. It can only go up from here.
As someone that works with these student athletes, I can tell you most were very unimpressed but know to keep their mouth shut about it. However, all those guys that went showed interest of some sort, and as Clemson tends to do acted the part.
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Help with research paper: art of writing an abstract
Introduction of abstract writing
Abstract Writing is basically an extremely specified kind of academic writing and is a concise representation of a larger document. It demands a clear and brief writing style conveying perplexed information in a determined amount of space. As compared to any other kind of academic writing, abstracts attain more audience and almost 10-500 times more people will read an Abstract than the related article. An abstract should state the primary objective of your project. It should outline the methods used to fulfill your target. It should list the results of your project, and finally ought to draw conclusions about the design. The abstract writings may need help with research paper. It is a brief paragraph luring the reader to continue reading rest of the paper.
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Features of a good abstract
The abstracts are generally of two types: informational abstracts and descriptive abstracts. An Effective Abstract makes use of one or more well-developed paragraphs that are unified, logical and brief. Another feature of an excellent abstract is that it renders logical connections between the materials included. An effective abstract adds no new information but just summarizes the report. In the same way, an effectual abstract is understandable to a wide audience. One of the main features of a good abstract is the usage of an introduction, body and conclusion part in which various parts of the report are discussed.
Tips to write an abstract
Research is an essential and systematic activity and has specific rules. In order to write effective abstract these tips should be followed:
The first and main thing is to make the abstract easy to read and for this purpose use familiar words. In the same way, make usage of active verbs in spite of passive verbs and also alter the structure of the sentence. While writing the abstract, the writer should model the tone as well as the vocabulary of the document's conclusion.
One main thing to consider is to be concise. The abstract should accurately and compactly depict the content as well as scope of the whole document. The information should be provided only once in the document, and rephrase the thoughts from the article so as to condense the meaning.
The abstract should be exact and unambiguous and it should be important to remain in the limits determined by the department. Always put your best writing into the abstract and make it transparent for the researchers in your subject field. Don't forget to check the spellings, grammar, and punctuations.
The abstract can help with research paper, though it is a tough challenge, but breaking it down into smaller pieces helps a lot. A good research paper should defend a specific point of view with well thought out arguments.
Plan a proper and organized way in order to make the information clear to the readers. Generally, the abstract that provides thesis before the conclusion is thought to be more useful and effective.
The most important thing is to look at the review standards, after writing your abstract. The abstract should be non-evaluative, coherent, accurate, self-contained, and easily readable.
Word limit is very important for a concise and systematic approach of writing. In addition, correct structure and sequence, no extra information, no references, no definitions, keywords, writer's details, information source, and the most importantly review of an article are important steps for an effective abstract.
Conclusion
Essay writings have almost become an important part of a student's everyday life, and mostly the students find it quite difficult to write their own research papers. Nevertheless, help with research paper has proved to be very effective for the students, and abstracts for literature reviews and critical essays share the same spirit as that of the research articles. No doubt, writing an effective abstract is quite difficult, but can definitely repay with an increased impact by tempting people to read your publications. In these days, the research papers have become the backbone of a large number of schools and colleges, from literature to sciences and at the same time is a restraining prospect for many students. In present times, each and every student is expected to handle the art of a successful writing and for this they take help with research paper.
Original story about "Help with research paper: art of writing an abstract" on BestCustomWriting.com
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Notable Fact: Solubilizers and emulsifiers are distinct entities...
Notable Fact: Solubilizers and emulsifiers are distinct entities...
Frequently, once a week, visitors to my blog query why their product, utilizing polysorbate 80, is separating. Subsequent inquiry reveals that they are attempting to employ a solubilizer, primarily polysorbate 80, as an emulsifier.
Polysorbate 20 and 80, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Caprol Micro Express, Cromollient SCE, and caprylyl/capryl glucoside are designed to dissolve small quantities of oils—essential oils, fragrance oils, minuscule amounts of carrier oils—into water-based products. They are not intended to serve as emulsifiers for a 20% oil serum or a 50% oil moisturizer. Instead, they are solubilizers that enable the incorporation of substances that would otherwise not mix with water into water-based solutions. They are not full-fledged emulsifiers capable of producing a quick lotion or moisturizer.
However, it is possible to combine solubilizers with other ingredients using the HLB system to create emulsifiers, provided the correct combination is employed. In isolation, polysorbate 80 is not an emulsifier; it is a solubilizer.
There exist cold-process emulsifiers, such as Aristoflex AVC, Emulthix/RM-2051, Sucragel AOF, and Sepiplus 400, among others, which can be used to create quick lotions without the need for heating and holding or extensive workshop time. I encourage you to explore these options, as they may meet your requirements. I am planning to share more about these cold emulsifiers soon, as I have been enjoying experimenting with them.
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Navy tests first 'reversible' clean energy fuel cell storage system
Boeing has announced that, after 16 months of development, it has delivered a "reversible" fuel cell for the U.S. Navy that stores energy from renewable sources and generates zero-emissions electricity.
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system, which can generate 50 kilowatts (KW) of power, is the largest of its kind and can use electricity from wind or solar power to generate hydrogen gas, which it then compresses and stores.
U.S. Navy Photo by Michael Ard /released
The SOFC system after being installed at the Navy Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center in Port Hueneme, Calif.
When power is required, the system operates as a solid oxide fuel cell, consuming the stored hydrogen to produce electricity.
The SOFC system, being tested as part of a micro power grid at the Navy's Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center (EXWC) at Port Hueneme, Calif., is scalable to 400KW.
"This fuel cell solution is an exciting new technology providing our customers with a flexible, affordable and environmentally progressive option for energy storage and power generation," Lance Towers, director of Boeing's Advanced Technology Programs, said in a statement.
Creative Commons Lic.
How a solid oxide fuel cell works.
A fuel cell is a device that uses stored chemical energy (in this case, hydrogen) and converts it into electricity. The SOFC device uses solar power to strip seawater of its hydrogen molecules through electrolysis. The hydrogen gas can then be stored and later used in the fuel cell stack where it electrochemically reacts with oxygen in ambient air to produce electric current, heat and water.
The SOFC manufacturers include Boeing in Huntington Beach, Calif. and Sunfire in Dresden, Germany.
The technology is unique in being able to both store energy and produce electricity in a single system, making the technology "reversible," Boeing said.
The SOFC generator has been installed on a microgrid at the Naval base and will be tested to determine its uses when there is no access to power from a grid.
"The SOFC is a most promising technology for both remote islands and expeditionary applications," Michael Cruz, EXWC project manager, said in a published report. "Combined with a solar photovoltaic array, a SOFC system generates electricity, potable water, and heat with only two inputs, sunshine and seawater
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Merely attributing racial tensions to the belief in racial superiority is an oversimplified analysis. These tensions are not novel, but rather, deeply rooted in history. The 1991 beating of Rodney King, an unarmed black man by police officers, sparked widespread protests, highlighting the persistent issue of racial bias in law enforcement. To comprehend the current racial dynamics, one must delve into the past and examine the structural underpinnings.
Structural racism, unlike individual prejudice, is entrenched in societal systems, leading to biases against certain races. It's not about a few rogue officers, but the systemic conditions that result in disproportionate targeting of black communities by the criminal justice system. This is evident in the disparities in police shootings and the rarity of investigations into these incidents.
An ethnographic approach, involving long-term immersion in black communities, reveals that the overrepresentation of youth in criminal statistics is due to disproportionate policing, fueled by stereotypes of black communities as violent. The causes of structural racism are multifaceted, but theories from criminology offer some insights. Police often equate poverty with crime, and since black communities disproportionately experience poverty, they are more likely to be targeted. This cycle of targeting and arrest perpetuates poverty and crime within these communities.
Across the globe, numerous communities and nations grapple with poverty, yet maintain low crime rates. However, a specific form of poverty, prevalent in Post-Fordist economies, tends to fuel criminality. These economies, having transitioned from industrialization to service sectors, often boast high wages but demand equally high skills. Black communities, marginalized by persistent low socioeconomic status in such economies, have historically faced police discrimination. This analysis, while not exhaustive, highlights some structural factors contributing to racism. Further research and dialogue are crucial to inform public policies aimed at mitigating racism's societal impact. A Venezuelan-born political scientist, with a global perspective honed through residence and study in various countries, will delve into significant global issues, particularly those affecting Germany and Leipzig.
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Explore additional template suggestions:
- Infant Gross Motor Skill Development: Gross motor skills refer to the use of large muscle groups for movements like rolling, sitting, crawling, and walking. As infants grow, they transition through these stages, learning about varied surfaces, textures, and spatial awareness. They begin to navigate their environment, climbing over, under, around, and through objects, honing their balance, coordination, and motor planning. Crawling and walking enable toddlers to explore larger play areas, improving their gross motor skills through play. They learn to control their movements, stopping, starting, and changing speeds, all of which require balance and graded muscle movements. Research indicates that the amount of walking experience infants have at home is the most significant predictor of walking skill advancement (Adolph, 2003). Mastering walking with control and balance necessitates continuous practice.
Engaging children in play is vital for enhancing cognitive development, physical prowess, communication skills, and social interaction. From prenatal stages and throughout childhood, they employ motor skills to interact with their surroundings through play. Infants initially explore their environment visually, with simple movements like turning and lifting their heads. They progress to rolling across flat surfaces to reach people or toys, and eventually manipulate objects with increasing complexity. By 10 months, infants begin to prefer certain toys and interact with them in more intricate ways, laying the foundation for later object manipulation skills like throwing and catching (Trawick-Smith, 2014).
Here's a curated list of simple yet effective motor skill games for infants and toddlers that foster muscle strength, coordination, and focus, all while having fun! These activities offer numerous additional benefits and are easy to set up using household materials. The 'Purposeful Skills for Kids' series, written by occupational and physical therapy bloggers, focuses on developing 12 key skills in children over the course of a year. This month's topic is play, which requires gross motor, fine motor, sensory processing, and cognitive skills.
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In the contemporary interconnected global landscape, the ease with which viruses traverse borders is exemplified by the Zika virus's (Zika) spread. In 2013, Thai tourism's international influx led to Zika's introduction, prompting Thailand's Ministry of Public Health to seek the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) assistance in bolstering its laboratory testing capabilities for Zika and other viruses like SARS and avian influenza. Today, Thailand stands as one of Asia's first nations equipped to test for Zika.
The CDC's comprehensive, up-to-date Zika virus outbreak information is available for public reference. Multilingual resources, including fact sheets and posters, are provided in languages such as Spanish, Arabic, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Creole, and Korean, covering topics like travel advisories, insect repellent use, sexual transmission, and mosquito control.
For individuals residing in or visiting South Florida, particularly Miami-Dade County, the CDC offers targeted guidance. The agency categorizes Zika virus transmission prevention areas in the continental U.S. and Hawaii as either red or yellow. Miami-Dade County is currently designated as a 'yellow area,' indicating localized transmission with insufficient evidence of intensity comparable to'red areas.'
On December 14, 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued recommendations for residents and visitors of Brownsville, Texas, following the designation of the city as a Zika cautionary area (yellow area). This action was prompted by the first reported case of locally acquired mosquito-borne Zika virus infection in Brownsville, which was confirmed by the Texas Department of State Health Services on November 28. Since then, additional cases have been identified in the area, suggesting a persistent risk of Zika virus transmission in Brownsville.
In other news, the CDC Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has released a video titled "CDC Emergency Operations Center 101." This educational resource explains the purpose and function of an EOC within the Incident Management System framework, its benefits, and the importance of routine use for maintaining effective operations.
Furthermore, the CDC's weekly science newsletter, "CDC Science Clips," has published its latest issue (Volume 9, Issue 12). This week's focus is on applied public health research and prevention science that has the potential to improve health outcomes. One highlighted topic is the CDC's investments in every state during 2016 to combat antibiotic resistance in healthcare facilities, communities, and food systems.
The CDC's Local Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity (ELC) program plays a crucial role in combating antibiotic resistance by strengthening the public health workforce, enhancing surveillance systems, and improving laboratory facilities and health information networks.
The CDC's Health Alert Network serves as the primary channel for disseminating urgent public health information to public information officers, public health practitioners, clinicians, and laboratories at the federal, state, territorial, and local levels.
Lastly, it is important to note that the CDC and HHS logos are the exclusive property of the Department of Health and Human Services and may not be used without prior express written permission. The use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Inclusion of hyperlinks to non-governmental entities is purely for the benefit of our users. These links do not signify, nor should they be interpreted as, an endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or any federal agency. CDC assumes no responsibility for the content presented on the linked external websites.
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Using the fiction of the M6 production which revolved round the characters of Frank (a Grandpa who grew vegetables and who was missing his family especially Max his Grandson who had moved to Australia) and Isabella (a new owner of a plot, who grew flowers and who missed her family who were back in the Ukraine) the teachers and myself developed the new character Betty Green who lived in a flat and had never had a garden before.
The theatre/ drama piece included elements of performance and participation and children we encouraged to share both what they had gleaned from the show and their prior knowledge of gardening. One boy for example told me all about the importance of worms for the soil to make the vegetables grow well.
In the original show, Isabella decorated her tree with things from her home (e.g. Russian dolls) she said " My Grandmother she says remember to make your world beautiful, My mother she says remember to fill your world with love and my big sister, she says remember in your world make sure you always see the magic" so we bought a tree and the children drew on cards what made them happy. Each child at the end of the session showed where they wanted it to hang on the tree and shared with everyone what made them happy. There were drawings as varied as their family, the beach, football and spiderman!
We will be returning to the school in two weeks time when the garden will have grown (plants made by the children) and the children will help Betty prepare for the return of Frank (who has gone to Oz to visit his family).
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Astronomical Clock
The Astronomical Clock in Batumi, Georgia is a must-see for those visiting the city. Located in the city center, the fascinating clock was designed by the city's mayor and constructed in 1910-11. Not only is the clock an impressive feat of engineering, it also has a captivating story behind it. The clock incorporates seven planets, twelve zodiac signs, a lunar calendar, and detailed sculptures. As an added bonus, the clock is lit up at night which creates an even more otherworldly atmosphere. Astonishingly, the clock continues to function after being destroyed during the Russian-Ottoman War in 1820, and continues to stand as a symbol of the city's resilience. Visitors to the astronomic clock can also explore merchants and fortune-tellers, who still inhabit the area around the clock
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In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have identified a novel mechanism that influenced the growth and retreat of European glaciers during the last ice age: African monsoons. Around 250,000 years ago, vast ice sheets blanketed much of North America and northern Europe, their ebb and flow driven by a complex interplay of factors, including Earth's orbital variations, atmospheric changes, and ocean currents. Now, a new study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, adds African monsoons to this list.
Typically, continental ice sheets are expected to maintain relative stability during an ice age. However, a late Quaternary cold period saw significant melting and refreezing of the European Ice Sheet, temporarily creating large, warm meltwater pools in the Bay of Biscay. Intrigued by the potential impact of distant, low-latitude weather events on high-latitude glaciers, as demonstrated by the East Asian monsoon, a team led by Kaboth-Bahr set out to investigate whether African monsoons could explain the European Ice Sheet's fluctuations.
To achieve this, the researchers examined sediment cores extracted from the deep seafloor near the Strait of Gibraltar and two other locations. By analyzing the ratio of light to heavy minerals in the sediment, they reconstructed ancient ocean currents dating back 250,000 years, using this as a proxy for the volume and force of water flow at the seafloor. Their findings revealed a clear connection between African monsoon activity and the growth and retreat of European glaciers, adding a new piece to the complex puzzle of ice age dynamics.
Analysis of the sediment indicated that intermittent weakening of monsoons in northeast Africa, consequently desiccating the Nile River, triggered a surge of saltier Mediterranean water through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Atlantic. Upon encountering the Atlantic, this warmer, saltier water generated the Azores Current, a Gulf Stream offshoot that propels warm Atlantic waters towards England and northern Europe. During glacial epochs, the accumulation of this warm Atlantic water engenders the moisture that fosters the growth of ice sheets.
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How many spiritual beings are there? How can we discern what comes from God and what comes from dark forces? How do we explain two Yahwehs in the Old Testament? Join Frank for Part 2 as he interviews Dr. Michael Heiser about his book Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible. (Listen to Part 1 first). Beware: your view of the Bible may be rocked as a result of this interview! Check out Dr. Heiser at and on his Naked Bible podcast.
01/11/20
Did Jesus Really Claim to Be God? • January 11, 2020 • Ryan Crews
Sometimes you'll hear Muslim apologists and other skeptics of Christianity ask, "Where does Jesus say, 'I am God, worship me'"? You won't find Jesus using those words anywhere in the New Testament documents. Instead, we read Jesus kept calling Himself "The Son of Man." On the face of it, that sounds more human than divine. Is that right? Did Jesus really claim to be God in words and actions other than "I am God, worship me"? And if He did claim to be God, why wasn't He more overt about it? Why not just come out and say it plainly?
Frank invites Crossexamined.org board member, and budding apologist, Ryan Crews to the show to answer those questions and more. Join them for a fascinating discussion about the self-identity of Jesus, and how to answer objections to the divinity of Jesus.
01/04/20
The elephant in the room isn't Trump • January 4, 2020 • Frank Turek
A couple of listeners wrote emails to express their disagreement with some of what Frank said in the show "Why Did Evangelicals Vote for Trump?" In this show Frank responds by investigating Jesus's rebuke of the Pharisees (the politicians of Israel) in Matthew 23:23 and then by asking three questions:
1. What is the purpose of government?
2. What is your primary reason for choosing a president?
3. Who, of the available candidates, will best fulfill that purpose?
As you'll hear the elephant in the room isn't Trump and his personality. The primary reason we choose a president has to do with a policy, not personality (although personality is still important). Frank responds to other objections from the emails, and also answers this question from a parent: How do I respond to a child who claims not to believe in God anymore?
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Our Newsletter: Buddha Art
Buddha art encompasses various forms of media that portray Buddha, bodhisattvas, revered practitioners, and significant figures in Buddhist history. These narrative depictions serve as aids in Buddhist practices and symbolize the path to enlightenment. The multifaceted nature of Buddha art includes physical objects like dorjes and bells, attire, music, chanting, and poetry, all of which are considered part of this artistic tradition.
Our collection of Buddha Art Paintings illustrates the Buddha and the life of Siddhartha Gautama, along with prominent symbols in Buddhist practice such as lotus flowers, Foo Dogs, and temples. Each painting is a testament to the respect for Buddha and serves as an aid in Buddhist practice and meditation.
In the Buddhist context, "Buddha" signifies the "awakened" or "enlightened" one. Buddhism, a path of spiritual growth and insight, was discovered by Siddhartha Gautama, or Buddha, over 2500 years ago. Our Buddha Art Paintings not only adorn your space with elegance and unique artistry but also invite Feng Shui's good fortune and serve as a constant reminder in the pursuit of enlightenment.
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You are here: Home/SabresBeat/ Keeping goalie would let Sabres send rightKeeping goalie would let Sabres send right message
'The Sabres need to take a step back from the buzzards circling over a last-place team. They've got holes to plug all over their roster. Why would they want to create the biggest one possible? They need to keep their franchise goaltender, lock him up for the long term and send a strong message they're going to turn this around more quickly than most outsiders expect.'
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Internal Software Error while compiling LabVIEWFPGA
Are there any limits of elements to be placed on Block diagram of Lab VIEW FPGA VI? During the development of a VI with lots of high amount fixed point adders and multipliers (approximately 150 high amounts fixed point adders and 50 highest amounts fixed point multipliers) Lab VIEW final abruptly, anyhow my completed developing the VI by opening it more than 4 times. After development I tried to save the file Lab VIEW it showed 'Not enough memory to complete this operation' error as shown below, but it was saved.
Error
Not enough memory to complete this operation.
OK
When I tried to compile the developed VI program on FPGA board in halfway stage the same error occurs. I tried many times it stops and generate errors
Internal Software Error while compiling LabVIEWFPGA
Most of the time PDF files don't open with Adobe Reader. This is caused by problems like if the file is password protected by the creator and you have to access with security codes. Also, errors may occur in non-compliant PDFs. For example, Adobe Reader blocks PDFs that can be harmful to your system. Another could be occurred if the file is damaged.
If you're sure that the file is not damaged or complaint, try to update to the latest "dot" release and it will repair the installation or reinstall using the latest version. Confirm as well that the operating system can recognize a PDF file.
Also, Adobe releases security updates regularly that can update latest patches, which can fix a conflict with
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Luke Runyon, a journalist, specializes in covering the Colorado River basin and water-related issues in the Western United States. He contributes to KUNC and a network of public media stations in the Southwest. Runyon joined KUNC in March 2013, following a two-year stint at Aspen Public Radio in Aspen, Colorado. Until September 2017, he served as the Colorado reporter for Harvest Public Media, a collaborative reporting initiative focused on agriculture and food issues in the Midwest and Great Plains. His work is regularly featured on prominent NPR programs such as Morning Edition, All Things Considered, Weekend Edition, Here & Now, and APM's Marketplace.
Prior to his relocation to Colorado, Runyon spent a year reporting on local and state government for Illinois Public Radio in the state's capital. He holds a Master's degree in Public Affairs Reporting from the University of Illinois Springfield. Runyon's observations have noted a peculiar trend in arid Western urban areas since the 1990s: populations are increasing, yet overall water usage remains stagnant or decreases. This trend is evident in cities like Denver, Albuquerque, Las Vegas, San Diego, and Phoenix.
Humans and beavers are among the few species that significantly alter their environments, with beavers once numbering in the hundreds of millions in North America, transforming numerous streams and rivers. After near-extinction due to hunting and trapping by settlers moving West, there are now efforts across the Western United States to understand beaver behavior, mimic their engineering skills, boost their populations, and accept their ecological impacts on rivers and streams.
Following a protracted, 16-year drought, the Western United States is beginning to recover. Water scarcity can compel people to reassess their usage habits and implement significant changes. In southern Colorado, farmers have initiated a novel experiment: they are imposing self-taxation to promote water conservation.
The San Luis Valley in Colorado, roughly equivalent in size to New Jersey, is an exceedingly arid region. In a bid to mitigate the environmental impact of wasted food, innovative entrepreneurs are exploring the use of food waste to nourish insects, with the potential to transform livestock feed and meat production. Phil Taylor, a research ecologist at the University of Colorado Boulder, exudes enthusiasm for entomophagy, guiding visitors through a compact greenhouse in rural Boulder County, where a room akin to a shipping container resides. On a fateful morning in June 2014, Greta Horner, clad in a burlap robe, anxiously awaited her husband's return from his overnight shift at the JBS-owned beef plant in Greeley, Colorado, where he worked as a maintenance employee.
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Miko delves into an array of emotive narratives sourced from Reddit, centering on the intricate dynamics of familial, romantic, and platonic relationships. In each scenario, Miko offers insightful remarks, addressing the platform's ubiquitous query: 'Am I the jerk?' (With necessary edits for a family-friendly podcast.) The term 'OP' refers to the 'Original Poster.' Brace yourself for intense drama, hearty chuckles, and sage advice. This episode was crafted and presented by Miko, with graphic design contributed by Miko, Leslie Sanchez, AJ, and Alejandro.
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Last week though, he made a discovery to top them all. Shawn was down an old sewer line clearing out a pipe when he discovered the artifact.
"The water washed all the debris away and there was a cannonball," says Shawn. "I had looked at pictures of them on the internet before and I was pretty sure that's what it was."
So once he made his discovery, he couldn't wait to show it off. But first, he had to get out of the sewer with the cannonball and a prybar. It wasn't easy, so he had to be hand-cranked out and when he made it up, it didn't take long for word to spread.
Cannelton Mayor Snyder says Shawn's find is making the rounds around Perry County.
"It's exciting, isn't it? To think you could actually find a memento from the Civil War days," says Snyder. "Had a neighbor from Tell City call me and tell me, 'Don't be drilling it in, and don't be standing on it because it just might explode.'"
"How it got there, Lord only knows," says Shawn.
That we'll likely never know, but Shawn's got an idea where this cannonball came from.
"There was supposed to have been a union gunboat firing back onto Hawesville," says Shawn. "And Hawesville had confederate troops trying to get over to take over the cotton mill."
However it happened, this history's buff just happy he's the one who happened upon it.
The cannonball is being turned over at the Cannelton City Council meeting and it'll go into the Perry County Museum
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Choosing Between Materials (A3671)
The choice between a calcitic and dolomitic material should be based on availability price and agronomic effectiveness. As stated before calcitic limestone is made up of calcium carbonate whereas dolomitic limestone is a mixture of calcium and mag-nesium carbonate. Dolomitic
Bianco Dolomite 2" Hexagon Porcelain Tiles Patterned
Bianco Dolomite a medium variation marble imported from Turkey is available in both slabs and tiles. This low contrast blend of arctic white and pale gray is optimal for marble countertops and flooring in both home and business environments. Whether opting for a Bianco Dolomite slab or white tile this elegant pattern is a fashionable option
Crushed Stone Sand GravelNJ NY Best Prices on
AsLimestone Price 2020 Limestone Price Manufacturers
What Is Quartzite Learn About This Commonly Mislabeled
Jan 24 2017 · Super White is one of the stones that is frequently caught in the quartzite vs. marble mystery. Most commonly Super White is dolomitic marble. That means it won t scratch glass and it will etch with acids. Some Super White has minor amounts of quartz mixed in with the marble. But the rock is still marble and will act like marble.
Dry Powdered Agricultural Limestone Improve Health of Crops
Difference Between Dolomitic And Calcitic Lime. Our Ag-Dolomite limestone is composed of dolomitic lime. Calcitic and Dolomitic lime are very similar but have slight differences. Calcitic lime comes from deposits of rock that contain calcium carbonate.
Dolomite Polished Marble Tile12 x 24100469Prices Of Marble SlabsGlobal Stone Prices Center
Calcitic vs Dolomitic Limestone in Growing Media PRO-MIX
Dec 13 2018 · Calcitic vs Dolomitic Limestone. Dolomitic limestone is a combination of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate and serves two purposes in the growing medium. Primarily it neutralizes acids in the growing medium but also provides some additional magnesium and calcium for plant uptake. Dolomitic limestone dissolves slowly in the growing
Rockydale Quarries > Products Services > Agricultural Lime
Staunton Dolomitic Lime Analysis.pdf Products ServicesAgricultural Lime. At Rockydale Quarries our high quality lime is one of our primary product offerings. Used in a variety of applications including farming gardening and landscape projects our lime is available in bulk as well as in smaller bagged units for easy utilization.
Prices Of Marble BlocksGlobal Stone Prices CenterFantasy Brown Granite Countertops Price Fantasy
Fantasy Brown Marble is a brown and white marble from India. you can also call it Fantasy Brown Granite or Fantasy Brown Quartzite but the nature of this stone is dolomitic marble.The Fantasy Brown has a white or brown background with a brown/grey cloudy texture.40 lb. Pelletized Limestone-54803The Home Depot
Dolomitic Limestone Suppliers Where to Buy Dolomite Lime
At Baker Lime we re proud to call ourselves one of the leading dolomitic limestone suppliers on the East Coast. As you narrow down your search for dolomitic limestone you ll have to decide between Pulverized dolomite lime also known as powdered dolomite lime. This type of lime has been crushed so fine that it turns into powder.how much is dolomitic limestone price ton
how much is dolomitic limestone price ton . KalkorPrice List- how much is dolomitic limestone price ton SOURCE LOCATION PRICE/TON (Bulk) Own-acc PRICE/TON (BULK) Co-op PRICE/TON (Bags) Own-acc PRICE/TON (Bags) Co-op REG NR CaCO3 MgCO3 KKE (acid)How Much Lime Should I Apply Per Acre of Land Home There are five differentGet White Bianco Dolomite Classic Polished 12x24 Marble Tile
Decorate with Marble Tile in White color. Bianco Dolomite Classic Polished 12x24 in White color ready for shipment directly from the factory. Tell us what you re looking for. ( e.g. 12x12 beige tile ) Or fill in the blanks in the following sentence prices dolomite prices Suppliers and
11 495 dolomite prices products are offered for sale by suppliers on Alibaba of which marble accounts for 16 dolomite accounts for 2 and cement making machinery accounts for 1 . A wide variety of dolomite prices options are available to you There are 11 489 suppliers who sells dolomite prices on Alibaba mainly located in Asia.
Western Lime Cement Co 101 James St Green Bay WI
Founded in 1985 Western Lime is a manufacturer of lime stones. Located in Green Bay Wis. the firm offers high-calcium dolomitic and masonry products such as calcium quicklime western pure calcium dolomitic quicklime and limate.
Dolomite Polished Marble Tile12 x 24100469Kitchen Countertops 101 Granite vs Quartz (Prices More)
There are four primary materials that dominate the market for stone kitchen and bathroom countertops Granite. Quartz. Quartzite. Marble Aside from pricing there are substantial differences between the four which can greatly affect the appearance and the durability of your countertops for years to come. As it pertains to quartzite and marble there is also a ton of misinformation surrounding
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Bug Details
Turn time wasters
Please can you add a system where if someone continuously lets the turn timer run out every time auto concedes. They would get 3 warnings and would get the 1st waring after the 2nd time they let the timer run. If they let the timer run down 2 more time they auto concede the match. I just had a match with someone that did this it was so annoying a 5-10 minute game turned into 20-30 minute game.
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The Earliest Earliest Signs of Autism
There has been a lot of recent news coverage about a study demonstrating that young infants who display certain problems may be presenting with the earliest sign of autism. Not the first such research, not the last. Three months prior, an investigation into the number of folds in the placenta correlated with risk of ASD. Two years previous, there was an article about early MRI findings.
What is medical science doing with this information? The state-of-the-art seems to be stuck at the corner of whether there is an epidemic and not much can really be done. Given the well-accepted view that ASD is a mostly genetic disorder, only the traditional therapies are believed to demonstrate value. There is a disconnect when the question comes to, what treatments are out there that might be working, and how can they be evaluated?
Whenever a new report surfaces describing such information, how should clinicians respond? The ASD diagnosis depends upon considering the core domains of 'speech/language' and 'repetitive movements'; signs and symptoms that, in infancy, are as-yet undeveloped behaviors. The loss of eye tracking, which was the finding in the study, could be associated with losing the third global delay, socialization, and might represent a problem with communication, as well.
New information of this type will be most helpful when earlier suspicion leads to prompt medical interventions. A less publicized but equally important article appeared this week in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, where researchers "… found that gastrointestinal issues such as constipation, diarrhea and sensitivity to food occurred six to eight times more often in those with autism than in other children."
With such knowledge, the doctor might order blood work to scrutinize a weakened immune system, anemia or earlier nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin D. Comorbid conditions, such as eczema or asthma, should take on a more serious investigation, perhaps with more complicated treatment options. A heightened index of suspicion might lead to the provision of interventions, such as OT and PT, to address low tone, or feeding.
Given a possible diagnosis as early as 6 months, it is no longer enough for the doctor to say, "Let's wait a year, or two, and we'll see what does (or doesn't) develop." Rather, the pediatrician should advise, "These may be the earliest signs of this autism problem. Let's dig more thoroughly into the medical history and try to address other problems, such as GERD, constipation, or ear infections."
With newer information, parents might be more likely to listen to advice about optimal nutrition, limited antibiotic use and environmental toxins. Once early risk is assessed, additional studies involving children at risk should be undertaken. A comparison of projected vs. observed risk could answer questions about all sorts of compounding factors; from challenging the immune response, to dietary alterations, to G-I disturbances, to CNS function and behaviors.
An exciting part of the research about eye tracking appeared in the conclusion, "…the observation…offers a promising opportunity for early intervention…" The explanation that followed was complicated. Thanks to the authors, though, for offering hope for specific treatment. This represents valuable research into other interventions that could prevent onset or severity of ASD.
For now, this week's news should provide increased incentive for doctors to take early signs of autism and risk more seriously. Future research into early accurate diagnosis of childhood developmental abnormalities should address parents' concerns and provide professionals with more effective tools
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Play Residence of Evil
What is Residence of Evil
Residence of Evil is an intense and thrilling zombie game that transports you into a world where the undead have taken over a grand mansion. As a soldier from the military forces, you have been sent on a mission to investigate the situation and your ultimate goal is to survive the zombie apocalypse by fighting your way through hordes of the undead. The mansion is a maze-like structure, filled with hidden corridors and secret rooms, making it challenging to navigate through. As you move through the mansion, you will encounter various types of zombies, each with their unique strengths and weaknesses. Your only hope for survival is to search for weapons and ammunition to help you shoot your way through the zombie crowds. The game's graphics and sound design are immersive and realistic, with eerie music and chilling sound effects that set the mood for a horror-themed game. The mansion is beautifully designed, with intricate details and dark corners that create an ominous and suspenseful atmosphere. As you progress through the game, you'll face more challenging obstacles and puzzles, making it even harder to survive. The game's difficulty level increases gradually, and the action is fast-paced and intense, keeping you on the edge of your seat. Overall, Residence of Evil is an exciting and thrilling game that will test your survival skills in a zombie apocalypse scenario. With stunning graphics and intense gameplay, this game is perfect for those who love horror-themed games and a good challenge.
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Dont do Bath and Body works / Yankee Candle. That just screams high schooler buying a present for his mom.
Decor is also a bad idea, unless you were actively involved in decorating her / your place, it probably won't mesh, and she will ether bury it in a closet or display it out of obligation as it slowly eats away at her until it gets "lost" in a move.
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The Little Tennessee River is fed by cold spring waters from the Nantahala Mountains. Photo by Ralph Preston
The first edition of North Carolina's Mountain Treasures emerged in 1992 at a critical time in the preparation of forest plans by which the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests would be managed. Its purpose was very specific: to arm citizens with accurate, detailed, current information they could bring to bear to help protect deserving wildlands and other ecologically significant areas on these forests.
The U.S. Forest Service is once again developing a new plan for the management of the Nantahala-Pisgah, a plan that will determine the fate of these two forests for a decade and more ahead. Times have changed, the forests have changed and so has North Carolina's Mountain Treasures. Its purpose, though, remains unchanged: to give the public sufficient information about the forests' special places to speak effectively on their behalf.
In 1987, the Forest Service issued a final forest plan. Conservationists found the plan seriously flawed and appealed it, forcing major amendments. The amendments and the accompanying analyses were underway when the first edition of North Carolina's Mountain Treasures appeared.
When the agency issued the final plan amendment in 1994, conservationists widely considered the amended plan to be the best in the region. And the process that produced it put the Nantahala-Pisgah in the forefront of the national forest management debate. The original North Carolina's Mountain Treasures was instrumental in both.
Ultimately, though, it was the commitment of citizens who love their national forests that did so much to shape the final version. Yet, despite the improvements–and they were significant–the plan left many of the forests' important wild lands unprotected. They are unprotected today, over a decade later, and continue to diminish. If anything, the peril is greater than ever. Threats mount in the form of sprawl, damaging off- road vehicle use, and the residue of old forestry practices long since discredited.
Once again, citizen activists–in many cases, a whole new generation of them–must come together to demand the best possible management of their national forests. We intend the
new North Carolina's Mountain Treasures to engage them and support them in that effort. And we hope it is equally successful. As habitat, open space and natural qualities decline across the landscape and in other ownerships, our public forests become ever more precious. This report identifies and details the best of what remains on the Nantahala-Pisgah: the special places we can least afford to lose.
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Growing Cordyceps: A Comprehensive Guide
Are you looking to enhance your health and well-being? Look no further than cordyceps! This unique fungi has garnered attention for its numerous health benefits, from boosting immune function to improving athletic performance. But how exactly do you grow cordyceps? In this article, we will delve into the world of cordyceps cultivation and provide you with step-by-step instructions on how to grow this extraordinary fungus in your own home. Get ready to unlock the secrets to growing cordyceps and reap the rewards of this potent and versatile medicinal mushroom.
What are the optimal growing conditions for cordyceps?
Cordyceps, a genus of fungi found in high-altitude regions, is renowned for its medicinal properties and adaptogenic effects. These unique fungi have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and are now gaining popularity in the Western world.
To maximize the growth and therapeutic potential of cordyceps, it is important to create optimal growing conditions. Here are the key factors to consider:
Temperature: Cordyceps species thrive in cool and high-altitude regions, typically between 15°C to 23°C (59°F to 73°F). It is important to maintain a stable temperature within this range throughout the growth cycle. Sudden temperature fluctuations can hinder growth and development.
Humidity: Cordyceps require a high humidity level to flourish. Ideally, the relative humidity should be kept between 80% to 90%. This can be achieved by using a humidifier or by enclosing the growing area in a controlled environment, such as a greenhouse.
Substrate: Cordyceps have a symbiotic relationship with specific insects, such as caterpillars, ants, and beetles. In nature, the fungi infect the host and consume its tissues. To cultivate cordyceps, a suitable artificial substrate needs to be provided. This can be a mixture of organic materials such as rice, barley, wheat, or oat grains. The substrate should be sterilized to prevent contamination from other microorganisms.
PH Level: Cordyceps prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH levels. The optimal pH range for cultivation is between 6.0 to 7.5. To adjust the pH, it is possible to add acid or alkali solutions to the growth medium.
Light: Cordyceps are considered a low-light fungus and prefer indirect sunlight or artificial light sources. Excessive exposure to direct sunlight can inhibit growth. Supplemental lighting can be used to provide consistent and controlled light conditions indoors.
Ventilation: Adequate ventilation is crucial for optimal cordyceps growth. It helps maintain a fresh oxygen supply and prevents excess carbon dioxide buildup. Proper airflow can be achieved through the use of fans or air vents.
Sterility: Maintaining a sterile environment is essential to prevent contamination by bacteria or other competing fungi. This can be achieved by sterilizing all equipment, utensils, and growth media used in cultivation. It is also important to follow strict hygiene protocols, such as wearing gloves and sterile clothing.
Time and Patience: Cordyceps cultivation requires time and patience. The growth cycle can take several weeks or months, depending on the species and environmental conditions. Regular monitoring and maintenance are necessary to ensure optimal growth.
To illustrate the optimal growing conditions for cordyceps, let's consider a practical example. Imagine a cordyceps cultivation facility located at a high altitude in a cool mountainous region. The facility consists of a controlled environment greenhouse with temperature and humidity controls. The growing medium is a sterilized mixture of rice and barley grains. The pH level is adjusted to 6.5 using an acid solution. The facility utilizes supplemental lighting to provide consistent low-light conditions. Ventilation is achieved through air vents and fans, ensuring a constant fresh airflow.
The facility follows strict hygienic protocols, with staff wearing sterile clothing and using sterilized equipment. Regular monitoring and maintenance are conducted to observe the growth progress and address any issues that may arise, such as contamination or abnormal growth patterns.
By meticulously following these optimal growing conditions, the cordyceps cultivation facility can expect to achieve healthy and robust fungal growth. This, in turn, will enhance the medicinal properties and adaptogenic effects of the cordyceps, making them highly valuable for medicinal and commercial purposes.
In conclusion, creating optimal growing conditions is crucial for maximizing the growth and therapeutic potential of cordyceps. Factors such as temperature, humidity, substrate, pH level, light, ventilation, sterility, and time play significant roles in successful cultivation. By carefully managing these factors, one can create a conducive environment for cordyceps growth and harness their medicinal benefits effectively.
What type of substrate should be used for growing cordyceps?
When it comes to growing cordyceps, the choice of substrate is crucial for optimal growth and development of this valuable fungus. Cordyceps is a unique mushroom that grows primarily in the high-altitude regions of Asia, where it is highly valued for its medicinal properties.
In order to successfully cultivate cordyceps, it is important to mimic its natural habitat as closely as possible. This means selecting a substrate that closely matches the composition and characteristics of the soil found in high-altitude regions. Generally, a combination of organic and inorganic materials is used as a substrate for cordyceps cultivation.
One common substrate for cordyceps cultivation is a mixture of grain, such as oats or rice, with a mineral component. The grain provides a source of carbohydrates and nutrients for the fungus, while the mineral component helps mimic the rocky, mineral-rich soil found in the natural habitats of cordyceps. This mineral component can be diatomaceous earth, crushed oyster shells, or various types of clay.
The process of preparing the substrate for cordyceps cultivation involves several steps. First, the grain is soaked in water and then cooked until it reaches a suitable consistency. It is important to avoid overcooking the grain, as this can destroy the nutrients needed by the cordyceps fungus. After cooking, the grain is drained, cooled, and mixed with the mineral component.
The next step is to sterilize the substrate to eliminate any potential competitors or contaminants. This can be done using a pressure cooker or an autoclave, which subject the substrate to high temperatures and pressure. Sterilization is crucial to ensure that only the cordyceps fungus can grow on the substrate, as any other organisms could interfere with its growth and development.
Once the substrate is sterilized, it is inoculated with cordyceps spores or mycelium. This can be done by spreading the spores or mycelium evenly over the surface of the substrate. The substrate is then placed in a suitable environment, such as a clean, humid chamber with controlled temperature and light conditions.
Over time, the cordyceps fungus will colonize the substrate, using the nutrients provided by the grain and minerals for its growth. The mycelium will spread throughout the substrate, forming a network of interconnected threads. Eventually, the cordyceps will develop fruiting bodies, known as stromata, which contain the spores that allow for reproduction.
It is worth noting that cordyceps cultivation can be a complex and time-consuming process. It requires attention to detail, strict hygiene practices, and careful monitoring of environmental conditions. However, with the right substrate and proper care, it is possible to successfully grow cordyceps mushrooms and reap the many benefits they offer.
In conclusion, the choice of substrate is an important factor in the successful cultivation of cordyceps. A combination of grain and a mineral component can help mimic the natural habitat of this valuable fungus. The process of preparing and sterilizing the substrate, as well as inoculating it with cordyceps spores or mycelium, is vital for the growth and development of the fungus. By following the proper techniques and providing optimal environmental conditions, it is possible to successfully grow cordyceps and harness their medicinal properties.
How long does it take for cordyceps to grow from start to harvest?
Cordyceps is a unique fungi species that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Known for its potential health benefits, cordyceps has gained popularity as a natural remedy for various ailments. If you're interested in cultivating your own cordyceps, you may be wondering how long it takes for them to grow from start to harvest. In this article, we'll explore the different stages of cordyceps growth and provide an estimated timeline for each phase.
Obtaining Cordyceps Spawn:
To begin growing cordyceps, you first need to obtain the cordyceps spawn. Cordyceps spawn is a culture or substrate that contains the mycelium of the fungi. You can either purchase cordyceps spawn from a reliable supplier or prepare your own by inoculating a substrate with cordyceps spores. The time required to obtain cordyceps spawn can vary depending on the availability of the spores and the method used for cultivation.
Substrate Preparation:
Once you have the cordyceps spawn, you will need to prepare a suitable substrate for the fungi to grow. Cordyceps typically grows well on a variety of organic materials such as grain, rice, or sawdust. The substrate needs to be sterilized to eliminate any competing organisms that may hinder cordyceps growth. Sterilization can be achieved through heat treatment or using chemicals. The time required for substrate preparation can vary but usually takes around 1-2 weeks.
Inoculation:
After preparing the substrate, it's time to inoculate it with the cordyceps spawn. This process involves mixing the spawn with the substrate and ensuring even distribution. The inoculated substrate is then placed in a container or growing bag. The time required for inoculation is typically minimal, ranging from a few minutes to an hour, depending on the scale of cultivation.
Incubation:
Following inoculation, the cordyceps-infused substrate needs to be placed in a suitable environment for incubation. Cordyceps thrives in specific temperature and humidity conditions, usually around 20-25 degrees Celsius and 70-80% relative humidity. During the incubation period, the cordyceps mycelium will start colonizing the substrate, forming a network of branching threads. The incubation time can vary depending on the species and strain of cordyceps, but it typically takes around 3-8 weeks.
Fruiting:
After the mycelium has fully colonized the substrate, the cordyceps will enter the fruiting stage. This is when the distinctive fruiting bodies, known as stromata, begin to emerge. The stromata grow out of the substrate and typically have a slim, elongated shape. Cordyceps fruiting can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks, depending on the species and environmental conditions.
It's important to note that cordyceps often requires specific temperature and humidity conditions to initiate fruiting. In some cases, the cultivation setup may need additional modifications to replicate the natural habitat of cordyceps, such as creating temperature fluctuations or providing sufficient airflow.
Harvesting:
Once the stromata have fully matured, they are ready for harvest. Carefully remove the fruiting bodies from the substrate, making sure to avoid any contamination. Cordyceps can be harvested individually or collected in batches, depending on the method of cultivation. The time required for harvesting will depend on the size of the cultivation setup and the number of mature stromata.
In conclusion, growing cordyceps from start to harvest can take anywhere from 3-8 weeks for incubation and an additional few days to several weeks for fruiting. However, the overall duration can vary depending on various factors such as the species of cordyceps, environmental conditions, substrate preparation, and individual cultivation techniques. It's essential to follow proper cultivation practices and maintain optimal conditions to ensure successful growth and harvest of cordyceps.
Are there any specific pests or diseases that can affect cordyceps growth?
Cordyceps is a species of fungus that has become widely popular for its various health benefits. This unique fungus is known for growing on the bodies of insects and arthropods, which gives it its distinctive shape and appearance. However, just like any other living organism, cordyceps can also be susceptible to various pests and diseases that can affect its growth.
One of the most common pests that can affect cordyceps is mites. These tiny arachnids can infest the cordyceps cultures and feed on its mycelium, which is the vegetative part of the fungus. Mites can weaken the cordyceps and hinder its growth, ultimately leading to a reduced yield. To prevent mite infestations, growers should maintain proper hygiene in their growing environment and regularly inspect the cultures for any signs of mite activity. If mites are detected, immediate action should be taken, such as treating the cultures with appropriate pesticides or natural remedies.
Another potential pest that can harm cordyceps is the fungus gnat. These small flying insects lay their eggs in the growing medium, and the larvae feed on the organic matter present in the substrate, including the cordyceps mycelium. Fungus gnats can cause significant damage to the cordyceps cultures, resulting in stunted growth and decreased yields. To prevent fungus gnat infestations, growers should ensure proper ventilation in their growing area, as these pests are attracted to moist and poorly aerated environments. Additionally, the use of sticky traps can help to catch and control adult fungus gnats, reducing their population and preventing their larvae from causing further damage.
In terms of diseases, cordyceps can be affected by various fungal infections. One such disease is green mold, caused by the fungus Trichoderma. Green mold can rapidly spread through a cordyceps culture and cause the mycelium to turn green and slimy. Infected cordyceps cultures should be immediately removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease to unaffected cultures. To avoid green mold infections, growers should ensure a clean and sterile growing environment, proper airflow, and good hygiene practices.
Other fungal diseases that can affect cordyceps include yellow mold (caused by the fungus Metarhizium) and brown mold (caused by the fungus Beauveria). These diseases can manifest as discoloration, decay, and a foul smell in the affected cordyceps cultures. To prevent these diseases, growers should regularly inspect their cultures and promptly remove and destroy any infected cordyceps.
It is worth mentioning that prevention is the key to avoiding pests and diseases in cordyceps cultivation. Maintaining proper hygiene, environmental conditions, and regular inspection of the cultures can significantly reduce the likelihood of infestations and infections. Additionally, growers should also make sure to source their cordyceps cultures from reputable suppliers that provide certified and disease-free strains.
In conclusion, while cordyceps is a remarkable fungus with numerous health benefits, it can still be vulnerable to various pests and diseases that can affect its growth. Mites, fungus gnats, and fungal infections are among the common issues that can harm cordyceps cultures. By implementing proper hygiene practices, maintaining a clean growing environment, and promptly treating any infestations or infections, growers can ensure optimal growth and yield of their cordyceps.
What are the best methods for harvesting and storing cordyceps mushrooms?
Cordyceps mushrooms are a type of fungi that has long been used in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for its numerous health benefits. They are known for their unique medicinal properties and have been used to boost the immune system, improve energy levels, and manage various health conditions.
Harvesting and storing cordyceps mushrooms require careful planning and execution to ensure their quality and efficacy. In this article, we will discuss the best methods for harvesting and storing cordyceps mushrooms, based on scientific research and real-life experiences.
Identifying and locating cordyceps mushrooms:
Cordyceps mushrooms are parasitic fungi that typically grow on the larvae of insects, such as caterpillars. They are found in high-altitude regions, such as the Himalayas in Asia. When searching for cordyceps mushrooms, it is essential to know the specific species you are looking for and the insects they parasitize. This knowledge will help you identify suitable habitats and increase your chances of finding them.
Timing the harvest:
Cordyceps mushrooms have a specific growth cycle and must be harvested at the right stage to ensure their potency. The best time to harvest them is when the mushrooms have fully matured but are still attached to the insect larvae. This stage is crucial because it ensures that the mushrooms have absorbed all the beneficial compounds from the host larvae.
Using proper harvesting techniques:
When harvesting cordyceps mushrooms, it is essential to be gentle and avoid damaging the mushrooms or their host larvae. Using a sharp knife or scissors, carefully cut the mushroom at the base, leaving a small portion attached to the larvae. This method allows for maximum preservation of the mushroom's medicinal properties.
Drying the harvested mushrooms:
After harvesting cordyceps mushrooms, it is crucial to dry them properly to extend their shelf life and preserve their medicinal properties. Place the mushrooms in a single layer on a clean drying tray or mesh screen. It is important to ensure good air circulation during the drying process. Avoid direct sunlight and high heat, as they can degrade the active compounds in the mushrooms. Depending on the environmental conditions, it may take several days to a week for the mushrooms to fully dry.
Proper storage of dried cordyceps mushrooms:
Once the cordyceps mushrooms are fully dried, they should be stored in airtight containers, such as glass jars or vacuum-sealed bags. It is crucial to store them in a cool, dark place away from moisture and direct sunlight. This will help maintain their potency and prevent the growth of mold or other contaminants.
Rehydrating dried cordyceps mushrooms:
Before using dried cordyceps mushrooms, it is necessary to rehydrate them. Place the desired amount of dried mushrooms in a bowl of warm water and let them soak for about 30 minutes to an hour. The mushrooms will absorb the water and regain their original texture and flavor. After rehydration, the mushrooms can be used in various culinary dishes or brewed into tea.
In conclusion, harvesting and storing cordyceps mushrooms require attention to detail and proper technique to ensure their quality and efficacy. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can confidently harvest and store cordyceps mushrooms while preserving their beneficial compounds. Remember to exercise caution when foraging for wild mushrooms and consult with experts or experienced practitioners to ensure proper identification and safety.
Frequently asked questions
The temperature for growing Cordyceps is around 18-23 degrees Celsius. It is important to maintain a consistent temperature within this range for optimal growth.
The growth time for Cordyceps can vary depending on various factors such as temperature and substrate. However, on average, it takes around 3-4 months for Cordyceps to fully mature and be ready for harvest.
Cordyceps can be grown on various substrates, but the most commonly used and recommended substrate is a mixture of rice, wheat, and soybean or a combination of these ingredients. This substrate provides the necessary nutrients for the growth of Cordyceps.
Cordyceps is a fungus that thrives in low-light conditions. While it does not require direct sunlight, it is essential to provide some indirect light to the growing area. Natural light or low-intensity artificial light is sufficient for the growth of Cordyceps.
Yes, Cordyceps can be grown indoors. In fact, indoor cultivation is a popular method for growing Cordyceps as it allows for better control of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light. With the right setup and conditions, you can successfully grow Cordyceps in an indoor environment.
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Going Green
We are committed to building a sustainable future and creating awareness on a local, national and global level. From the green projects on campus to the curriculum in the classrooms, MSOE seeks to reduce its carbon footprint and increase environmental awareness.
Students graduate with the knowledge and ability to engineer a brighter future — to design eco-friendly buildings, build more efficient engines, and harness the power of solar energy and other renewable fuel sources.
MSOE has implemented single-stream recycling on campus, which allows us to collect all plastic, glass, aluminum, clean cardboard and newsprint in one bin for recycling. This mixed product is then taken to a central plant where it is sorted and recycled. We have also established a dedicated paper recycling and shredding stream to help protect MSOE students and employees and to comply with all state and federal privacy laws.
MSOE has partnered with Growing Power for composting our biodegradable dining products used by Food Service Inc. on campus. We have established a dedicated compostable stream for the collection of biodegradable plates, cups and soup bowls used in Skylight Cafe.
Several student organizations on campus focus their activities on helping the environment, including the Association of Energy Engineers, Ducks Unlimited, Engineers Without Borders and more.
Visit MSOE
Need help
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The Utility of Transforming Podcast Content
In the realm of media, podcasts have emerged as a notable innovation over the past two decades, harmoniously blending information and entertainment, a fusion we've termed 'infotainment'. This synthesis has proven to be a potent draw, appealing to a broad spectrum of listeners and establishing podcasts as a potent tool for audience engagement.
Podcasts have become an integral part of marketing strategies, lauded by marketers for their efficacy in engaging and connecting with audiences. By delivering marketing messages in an engaging manner, podcasts have become a favored tool for promoting products or services.
However, the utility of podcasts extends beyond marketing. In the realm of business development, particularly within law firms, podcasts have carved out a significant niche. The choice of podcasting format is pivotal for success, as different styles align with distinct goals and target audiences.
For instance, some law firms may opt for a format that is both engaging and informative, potentially attracting new clients and solidifying the firm's status as a thought leader in their field. One popular approach involves a host conducting a structured Q&A interview with a guest, allowing for focused conversations centered around expertise. It's not uncommon to have a second host adding variety and diverse perspectives to the conversation.
Podcasts also provide a platform for commentary on current events, offering valuable insights into the state of affairs and their implications for various professional domains. This commentary serves as a bridge, aiding individuals in better understanding and navigating the complexities of their respective fields.
Repurposing podcast content extends the shelf life of original content. Apart from creating original content, podcasts offer the opportunity to adapt existing content for use in different formats or platforms. This extends the lifespan of the content, attracts new audiences, and reinforces key messages. This strategy can save time and resources, and when executed effectively, can maximize the reach and impact of the content.
Moreover, it is crucial to acknowledge that a single solution may not always be the best or only one for a given problem. Embracing this perspective nurtures creativity and innovation, welcomes diverse viewpoints, and stimulates unconventional thinking. This principle extends beyond problem-solving, also applying to the creation, presentation, and informativeness of podcasts.
Adopting the appropriate strategy, podcasts can captivate listeners, market products and services, and serve as a platform for business growth and insightful discourse. They stand as a flexible and potent instrument in today's media sphere, offering a distinctive fusion of information and entertainment. Podcasts, when approached effectively, can engage audiences, promote offerings, and deliver valuable insights. The time is ripe to delve into the realm of podcasting and explore its myriad possibilities.
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How does poverty commonplace
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Chatbots, digital entities, engage in text or voice dialogues with users, emulating human conversation. They employ natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms to decipher and respond to user inputs aptly. Two primary chatbot categories exist: rule-based and AI-driven.
Rule-based chatbots rely on predefined rules and decision trees to respond, while AI-driven ones leverage machine learning and NLP for more intelligent, personalized interactions. Chatbots find application in customer service, sales, marketing, and personal assistance, integrating with messaging platforms, websites, mobile apps, and voice assistants like Amazon Alexa and Google Home.
A significant advantage of chatbots is their round-the-clock customer service and support capabilities. They can manage routine queries and provide immediate responses, allowing human agents to focus on intricate issues. Additionally, chatbots can automate sales and marketing processes, such as lead generation and customer engagement.
For businesses aiming to optimize operations, enhance customer experience, and foster growth, chatbots serve as a potent tool. As technology advances, we anticipate chatbots to become increasingly sophisticated, offering users truly personalized and engaging experiences.
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The Iron Bridge of Vaslui, Romania
Nestled near the heart of Vaslui, this photograph, captured by Titi Simionica on 1 August 2013, depicts the railway bridge that spans approximately 500 meters from the city's train station, along the northern route towards Iași, the largest urban center in northeastern Romania. Vaslui, the county seat, lies in the impoverished region of the country, with a current population of around 50,000, a significant decrease from two decades prior.
Geographically, Vaslui is situated in the hilly Moldavia region, characterized by an extreme climate: scorching, dry summers with temperatures reaching 36 to 40 degrees Celsius (98 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit) and bitterly cold winters dropping to minus 20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit).
Historical records indicate that Vaslui was initially named Basilica by the Byzantines in honor of Emperor Basil Bulgarohton, although it was first documented in 1375. In the 15th century, it served as the capital of Southern Moldova under the rule of Stephen the Great, during which time his royal church was completed in 1490. Today, the church undergoes renovation.
Vaslui's history has been marked by periods of prosperity and decline. Many residents have sought employment opportunities abroad, predominantly in Italy, Spain, and England. Despite the challenges faced, Romania retains its allure as a captivating country with much to offer.
The Legend of 'Penes Curcan,' Frontier Guard of Vaslui
This local legend, as recounted by the editor of Crow's Cottage, adds a layer of folklore to Vaslui's rich history.
In the annals of Romanian literature, the valiant warriors of Vaslui are forever enshrined in the stirring Romantic verse of Vasile Alecsandri (1821-1890), a luminary among Romania's 19th-century writers and diplomats. This poem was unearthed in a lecture delivered by scholar H. A. Jackson in 1884, who rendered it into English from a German translation. Notably, the Romanian-to-German translation was executed by Queen Elisabeth of Wied, who penned under the pseudonym Carmen Sylva.
Delving into the annals of history often unveils intriguing paradoxes and enigmas, shaped by the evolution of culture and the shifting tides of intellectual trends and societal norms. In his time, Alecsandri was identified as Basil Alexandri in the 1868 seventh edition of 'Men of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries'. However, Jackson, in his Paris lecture, referred to him as "Mr. Bazil Alexandri, the Poet-Laureate not only of Roumania, but of the whole Latin race...". These names, however, are scarcely encountered in contemporary Romanian literary scholarship.
With certainty, we can report that Alecsandri was born in the city of Bacău, approximately 50 kilometers east of the railway bridge depicted on this website. His literary legacy remains an integral part of the region's cultural heritage.
"Only One Returns" is the tale of a soldier named Penes, set against the backdrop of one of the 19th-century Russo-Turkish wars. We quote from Mr. Jackson's lecture, 'A Series of Lectures upon Roumanian History and Literature, Lecture I':
Penes, a valiant young soldier, is the sole survivor among the ten recruits who had left the Moldavian town of Vaslui with high spirits to join the Bulgarian army. 'Curcan,' a nickname for frontier guards, was given to them due to their adornment of sheepskin caps with turkey feathers. In his narrative to his assembled friends and comrades upon his return, Penes recounts the fate of his companions, who fought and fell for their country, and his own miraculous escape from death despite being wounded. Bazil Alexandri's poem, 'Penes Curcan,' captures this tale in simple yet expressive language, with the first stanza reading:
We were 'Dorobantzes' bold,
Roumains of ancient line;
Our head-gear, tunics, sandals told
The lineage we'd align.
'Curcans' they named us; a slur
In fools' ignoble sight.
Yet, this name, we've raised to fame,
On Balkan's lofty height.
The poem, comprising 24 stanzas, concludes with 'Moldavia freed again.' You may access the entire poem through Google Books, a treasure trove for readers online. The 1884 text of H. A. Jackson's monograph, retrieved from the Bodleian Library at Oxford, contains the poem starting on page 18. A Google Maps view of Vaslui can be found by following the linked red 'A' on the other side.
Constantine, when queried about his life story, responded thus:
"Indeed, 'Titi' is the moniker by which I am commonly known. My life's narrative, however, is rather succinct. I came into the world on the 10th of October, 1961, in the quaint town of Cehu-Silvaniei, situated within Salaj County, Transylvania. My father, a Romanian Army officer, and my mother, an accountant of Hungarian descent, made our family composition somewhat unique, given the era's demographic landscape.
"I completed my secondary education in 1980 and subsequently pursued a two-year course at the Bucharest Faculty of Industrial Chemistry. In 1987, I relocated to Vaslui, where I have since made my residence. My professional journey spanned several years in the industrial sector, serving as a team leader in diverse fields such as chemistry, construction materials, and perfumery. In 2003, I embarked on a career shift into sales, assuming the role of a store manager thereafter.
"My personal pursuits include photography, a passion I discovered roughly six months ago, as well as an appreciation for classical music and rock 'n' roll. I have been blessed with a happy marriage of 26 years, though we have no children. Another source of joy for me is sports, particularly running, which I engage in almost daily, covering distances of around four to five miles.
"For those interested, the official website of the Vaslui City Hall, while in the Romanian language, offers a plethora of images. The 'Foto' section, in particular, may be of interest. Should one's linguistic proficiency in Romanian be limited, attempting to decipher English words on the site could prove a useful exercise."
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The following article contains guidance that tells you the best way to successfully treat any MS windows Error 504 errors either manually as well as automatically. In addition, this document will help you to diagnose any common error messages connected with Error 504 error that you may be sent.
What is Error 504 error?
The Error 504 error message is the Hexadecimal data format of the error code generated. This is the commonly used error message format employed by Windows and other Windows compatible software programs and driver suppliers.
This type of computer code is required by the supplier to ascertain the error code caused. This Error 504 error message includes a numeric value and a practical description. Often the error code could have extra variables in Error 504 data format .The additional number and letter code will be the address of your memory regions in which the instructions are loaded at the time of the error code.
The cause of Error 504 error?
The Error 504 error is usually caused by Microsoft Windows system damage. Corrupted system files can be a serious threat to the health and wellbeing of your computer system.
There are several events which can cause file errors. An incomplete install, an unfinished uninstall, incorrect deletion of utilities or devices. It can also be caused in the event your laptop or computer is infected by malware or adware/spyware attack or by an incorrect shut down of the computer. Many of the preceeding activities could very well end up in the deletion or data corruption of Windows system files. A corrupted system file will result in absent and incorrectly linked information and archives needed for the optimal operation of the application.
Learn how to quickly solve Error 504 error code?
There's two strategies to take care of Error 504 error:
Advanced Computer User Solution (advanced):
1) Start your machine and sign on as the admin.
2) Click the Start button then click on All Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and next select Restore.
3) From the new screen, select "Restore my system to a prior period" and after that press Next.
4) Choose the most up to date restore date within the "select a restoration date" listing, then click on Next.
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Enhancing Smiles: The Role of Cosmetic Dentistry in Addressing Tooth Gaps
A captivating smile, adorned with perfectly aligned teeth, is often a hallmark of attractiveness and confidence. However, not everyone is blessed with a flawless dental arrangement at birth. One common concern that can mar a smile is the presence of gaps between teeth, medically termed diastema.
Understanding Tooth Gaps
Diastema refers to the space that exists between two teeth. While it is most commonly observed between the upper incisors, it can occur between any two teeth. The good news is that cosmetic dental procedures can significantly reduce or even eliminate these gaps, transforming smiles into radiant ones. Consulting a cosmetic dentist in Coimbatore can be the first step towards achieving this.
Causes of Tooth Gaps
Several factors can contribute to the development of tooth gaps:
- Anatomical Factors: A tooth that is abnormally shaped or smaller than usual can leave a gap when it erupts.
- Habits: Persistent thumb-sucking in childhood can lead to tooth gaps in adulthood.
- Periodontal Gum Disease: This condition can cause bone loss in the gums, leading to teeth gaps as the teeth can no longer be held securely in place.
Classification of Tooth Gaps
Before delving into the cosmetic dental procedures that can address tooth gaps, it's crucial to understand the different types of diastema and their causes. Tooth gaps can be categorized into three primary types:
- Midline Gap: This type of gap occurs between the upper central incisors and is often hereditary. Its size can vary and may cause self-consciousness.
- Lateral Gap: These gaps are present on either side of the upper central incisors and can result from a variety of factors, including genetics, dental trauma, or habits like thumb-sucking.
Generalized Diastema:
Occasionally, spaces between multiple teeth can occur, detracting from one's overall dental aesthetics.
Such gaps, known as diastema, can present both functional and cosmetic challenges. They may hinder chewing, cause speech impediments, and elevate the risk of periodontal diseases. Aesthetically, they can negatively impact an individual's self-image and confidence.
Addressing Diastema with Cosmetic Dentistry:
Cosmetic dental procedures offer various solutions to rectify teeth gaps, helping individuals regain their self-assurance. Let's delve into some prevalent treatments:
Orthodontic Interventions for Diastema:
Orthodontic treatments, such as braces and clear aligners, are often the first line of defense against teeth gaps. They are particularly effective for generalized diastema or those caused by malaligned teeth. These treatments work by gradually repositioning the teeth into their correct positions over time.
- Traditional Braces: Traditional braces consist of brackets and wires that apply pressure to the teeth. They are highly effective in closing gaps, even in severe cases.
- Clear Aligners: Clear aligners, similar to transparent braces, are an excellent choice for those seeking discretion. They are custom-made to fit one's teeth and progressively align them, straightening teeth and closing gaps along the way.
Non-Invasive Solutions:
- Dental Bonding: Dental bonding is a non-invasive and cost-effective option to close minor teeth gaps. This procedure involves applying a tooth-colored resin to the gap, which is then sculpted and polished to match the surrounding teeth. Bonding is an excellent choice for small to moderate-sized gaps.
Versatile Solutions:
- Porcelain Veneers: Porcelain veneers are thin, individually crafted shells affixed to the fronts of the teeth. They are an incredibly versatile option for addressing teeth gaps, as well as other cosmetic issues like staining, chipping, or misalignment. Veneers can provide a dramatic transformation, creating a seamless, symmetrical smile.
Restorative Solutions:
- Dental Crowns: Dental crowns can also be used to close larger gaps by reshaping and covering the teeth.
Dental Crowns:
In cases of substantial tooth damage or large gaps, dental crowns, often referred to as caps, serve as an effective solution. By encasing a tooth with a crown, these gaps can be bridged while fortifying the tooth's structure and enhancing its appearance.
Dental Implants:
For those with tooth loss resulting in gaps, dental implants present a durable and natural-looking remedy. This procedure entails surgically inserting a titanium post into the jawbone, which then supports a crown or bridge. This not only closes the gap but also reinstates full oral functionality.
Gum Contouring:
In some instances, excess gum tissue can exacerbate the appearance of teeth gaps. Gum contouring, or gum reshaping, is a cosmetic dental procedure that involves trimming away excess gum tissue to expose more of the tooth's surface. This can help to create the illusion of smaller gaps and also facilitate teeth reshaping.
Benefits of Addressing Teeth Gaps with Cosmetic Dental Procedures:
Embarking on cosmetic dental procedures to rectify teeth gaps yields numerous advantages:
- Enhanced Self-Confidence: One of the most significant benefits is the boost in self-assurance. Closing teeth gaps can make you feel more at ease and attractive, thereby increasing self-esteem.
- Restored Functionality: Many individuals with teeth gaps may struggle with biting, chewing, or speaking. Cosmetic dental procedures can restore proper oral function, thereby improving overall quality of life.
- Aesthetic Transformation: These procedures not only address the gaps but can also enhance the overall aesthetics of your smile. You can achieve a brighter, more symmetrical, and harmonious look.
- Long-Term Results: Many cosmetic dental procedures provide enduring results, ensuring that your newfound smile will last for years to come.
- Personalized Solutions: These procedures are tailored to your unique needs and preferences, ensuring that the final result complements your facial features and personality.
When to Seek Consultation for Teeth Gaps:
It is advisable to seek a consultation for teeth gaps when you feel self-conscious about your smile, experience difficulty in performing daily oral functions, or wish to explore options for enhancing your dental aesthetics.
Prior to embarking on any cosmetic dental intervention, it is of paramount importance to engage with a credentialed dentist. During this initial meeting, the dentist will meticulously assess your particular circumstances, explore your objectives, and propose the most apt treatment alternatives. Given the uniqueness of each individual's dental landscape, a personalized approach is indispensable for optimal outcomes.
The realm of contemporary dentistry has dramatically transformed the way we address diastemas (teeth gaps), with a spectrum of solutions ranging from orthodontic treatments such as braces and clear aligners to restorative options like veneers, crowns, and implants. These advancements have rendered it unnecessary for individuals to endure the stigma and functional obstacles associated with teeth gaps. Instead, they can embark on a journey towards a resplendent smile, reaping the multifaceted physical, emotional, and psychological benefits that accompany it.
If you have long harbored a desire to close the gap in your smile, be assured that cosmetic dental procedures present a myriad of possibilities, promising to restore your self-assurance and leave you exuding pride. Should you find yourself grappling with teeth gaps issues, do not hesitate to reach out to the Coimbatore dental hospital for expert guidance and care.
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Thai Businessmen, Government Officials, And Teachers Are Searching For Ways To Support LGBTQ Workers
The World Bank recently released a report that says Thailand could become the world leader in the economic inclusion of LGBTQ people and lead as an example on how to make a country's opportunities open to all people.
The "Economic Inclusion of LGBTI Groups in Thailand" report was created with the help of Thammasat University's Faculty of Learning Sciences and Education, Love Frankie, and the Nordic Trust Fund.
Besides stating how the country is doing well already, the report also includes policy and program recommendations to help Thailand reach its full potential. Some of these recommendations include a public marketing campaign to promote social awareness of LGBTQ issues and protection laws, countrywide training of LGBTQ issues and laws for teachers and school administrators, the creation of non-discrimination laws for the workforce, and more.
After the report was released, several organizations like Thailand's Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, and members of academic institutions, private businesses, and civil organizations joined together in a public forum on Monday to talk about the report.
"This report helps us to look at the issues of the LGBTI community and how these can be addressed by everyone who has a stake in making the Thai economy grow even better by encouraging all productive people, regardless of sexual orientation, to participate in the workforce of Thailand," said commissioner Angkhana Neelapaijit from the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand.
"As part of its national transformation and promotion of the new, modern 'Thailand 4.0' at home and internationally, Thailand has the opportunity to advance and foster the inclusion of LGBTI people in its economy and society," said Dr Ulrich Zachau, director of Thailand, Malaysia, and Regional Partnerships.
"Only by including LGBTI people can Thailand mobilize the strengths and full productive potential of all its people. LGBTI inclusion is the right thing to do, and it's the smart thing to do."
While this is just the start of talks about the report and how to change public, private, and government policies, this could mean a great change and focus for LGBTQ people in the Asian country.
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Combating Illicit Fishing with Enhanced Data Analysis Capabilities
The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) have bolstered their support for the Fishery Committee for the West Central Gulf of Guinea (FCWC) by equipping them with laptops for fisheries data analysis. In a COVID-19 safety-conscious ceremony held at the FCWC's headquarters in Tema, Ghana, six laptops were handed over to facilitate the collection, analysis, and reporting of fisheries data across Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, and Togo.
This initiative, funded through FAO's Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP), is part of FAO's wider efforts with CECAF to empower regional institutions to translate fisheries recommendations into policy action and strengthen data frameworks for artisanal fisheries across the CECAF region.
Ndiaga Gueye, FAO's Senior Fishery and Aquaculture Officer and CECAF's Secretary, expressed that these devices would enable beneficiary countries to gather and analyze data on vessel catches, landing sites, and related fishing activities, thereby deepening understanding of the region's capture fisheries. This knowledge, he noted, would enhance countries' ability to monitor illicit fishing and assess the health of key fish stocks.
Séraphin Dedi, the General Secretary of the FCWC, warmly received the laptops and acknowledged the ongoing collaboration between FAO, CECAF, and the FCWC.
The Importance of Fisheries in African Coastal Economies
Fisheries play a pivotal role in food security and national economies in many African coastal countries. In West Africa alone, seafood serves as the primary protein source for approximately a quarter of the population, while the fishing sector provides employment to over seven million people in the region.
CECAF, a statutory body of FAO established in 1967, aims to promote the sustainable use of marine living resources.
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Visual Impairment Not Stopping Terezinha Guilhermina From Guiding The Way
It's only fitting that Terezinha Guilhermina served as the poster child for the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. After all, the Brazilian track athlete encompasses everything the competition stands for. Besides representing her native Brazil as an exceedingly decorated Paralympian, her poignant journey to get to this point has resonated with so many others. And all along the way, through true Paralympic spirit, Guilhermina has shown why she is undoubtedly CRUSH worthy.
Born into abject poverty, Guilhermina struggled to find sufficient food, shelter, and opportunity as one of 12 children. When she was just nine years old, her mother passed away, leaving the family to fend for itself. To make conditions even more trying, Guilhermina was born with retinitis pigmentosa – visual impairment, from which four of her siblings also suffer – that renders her almost completely blind.
Everyday life was a challenge for Guilhermina, but so was school, where she used to get picked on. Prior to bullying at school, she was unaware of her outstanding quickness. But after one particular instance where she escaped from a bully, she discovered that she had a real talent for running. From that point on, she found her true freedom and passion.
Determined to begin a career in sport, Guilhermina pursued an opportunity at a local organization that supported athletes with disabilities. There, she took up swimming, simply because she couldn't afford running shoes. However, in stepped her sister with a pair of shoes and Guilhermina was right back on track. The next hurdle was learning how to improve without a running guide, all while training during the hottest part of the day and functioning on an unhealthy diet. But Guilhermina was up to the task. Despite the barriers in her way, Guilhermina began excelling and soon attracted the attention of the Brazilian Paralympic officials.
Her first Paralympic Games took place in 2004 in Athens, where she won bronze in the 400m. Four years later in Beijing, Guilhermina would bring home a gold (200m), silver (100m), and bronze (400m), and solidify herself as one of the top track Paralympians in the world. She then followed that up by claiming two golds in the 100m and 200m at London 2012. Even now, at almost 38 years of age, Guilhermina still shows her impressive Skill – all of which she's rightfully earned.
At Rio 2016, the stage was set for a triumphant homecoming for one of the great contemporary Paralympians. Unfortunately, disqualifications kept Guilhermina from claiming any gold medals, however, she still walked away with silver in the 4x100m and bronze in the 400m. But more importantly, Guilhermina sent her message loud and clear on her home soil – that you can control your destiny and defeat adverse conditions if you work hard and persevere. She told CNN, "I feel honored to be an example for others. It makes it feel worthwhile to have overcome all the challenges I have encountered so I can help others to dream and also fulfill their dreams."
Not only has she been a Role Model through what she's accomplished, but also in how she conducts herself and appreciates others. Even after the disappointing disqualifications, she maintained her composure and acknowledged the fans in a classy and graceful manner. She also frequently gives credit to her racing guides, who help to steer and assist as conjoined runners during competition. As she states, "We are a team. If we lose we do it together, and if we win…we win together."
Embracing the team concept has been a key factor in Guilhermina's success and desire to give back. From bullying, to poverty, to physical impairment, her resilience to overcome has largely been self-made, yet she understands that we're all in this together – that one change, one person can make a difference. So as the crowd favorite and face of the Rio Paralympic Games, Guilhermina has used her celebrity to lead the next generation. To guide them, step by step, as they take off on their own journey.
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As a physician, you know that buying a home is a major decision, and it's important to have a good credit score when going through the process.
There are many factors involved in monitoring your credit score during this time so you can be sure you are making smart decisions. With some knowledge and preparation, protecting your credit and maintaining an excellent score for homebuying is possible!
Read on to find out how best to monitor and protect your score as you navigate the homebuying process.
Understanding Your Credit Score and Why it Matters When Buying a Home
When you're in the market to buy a home, your credit score can have a significant impact on your ability to get approved for a mortgage loan and secure a favorable interest rate. Your score reflects your creditworthiness and is calculated based on many factors such as your payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, and credit mix.
A higher score will typically result in a lower interest rate on your mortgage, which can save you thousands of dollars over the life of your loan. On the other hand, a lower score could lead to higher interest rates or even disqualification from getting a mortgage altogether.
If you're a physician looking to purchase a home, you may be eligible for a physician loan, which offers unique benefits such as low or no down payment and no private mortgage insurance. However, even with these advantages, it's essential to maintain a healthy credit score to secure the best terms and rates.
Steps To Take To Protect Your Score During The Home Buying Process
Check your credit report on a regular basis. Review your credit report for errors or inaccuracies that could negatively impact your credit. Even minor errors, like a misspelled name or incorrect address can negatively impact your score. If you find any errors, dispute them with the credit bureau reporting them. URL:
Avoid opening new lines of credit. Each time you apply for credit, a hard inquiry is placed on your credit report, which can lower your score. Make sure to hold off on any new credit until after you've closed on your home. For example, don't open a new credit card account, finance appliance purchases, etc., during this time.
Keep your credit utilization low. Your credit utilization, or the amount of credit you're using compared to your credit limit, is an essential factor in your score. Aim to keep your credit utilization below 30%. You can check your credit limit with each individual line of credit you have through your provider institution, usually through an app or online management portal. Your statement will also typically include your credit limit.
Pay your bills on time. Late payments can significantly damage your score, so it's crucial to make all of your payments on time, including credit cards, loans, and other bills. You can ensure you pay bills on time by taking steps like setting up monthly auto-payments whenever possible.
Tips To Boost Your Score Before Applying For a Mortgage
Keep old accounts open. The length of your credit history is a factor in your score. Closing old accounts can shorten your credit history and lower your score. We recommend keeping old accounts open, even if you're not using them.
Avoid closing any credit accounts that have a balance. If you must close an account, make sure that you pay off any remaining balance on your account beforehand. Closing an account that still has a balance on it can increase your credit utilization ratio, which can negatively impact your score.
*Homebuying tip:
Considering a physician loan. During your homebuying process, you may want to consider looking into Physician Bank's Physician loans, which are specialized mortgage programs designed for medical professionals. Physician Bank's Physician Loan was designed with leniency toward student loan debt during decisioning. These loans typically also have lower down payment options and other benefits than standard mortgage offerings.
Your credit score plays a critical role in the homebuying process. A good score can help you qualify for a mortgage with better terms, while a poor score can make it difficult to get approved for a loan or result in higher interest rates.
Remember, you'll want to protect your credit score leading up to and during the homebuying process. If you monitor and protect your score, you can secure your financial future as a new homeowner closed
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Use the following instructions to set up a button on the keypad to use in place of the mouse button. This works for people with a broken mouse key or one that clicks when you don't want it to. With this all you need to do is press a number instead of clicking on your mouse.
Ad
Steps
1
Open up the computer's control panel.
Ad
2
Click on the ease of access button.
3
Scroll down until you see where you can adjust settings for the mouse.
4
Open up the mouse settings and ensure the box to control the mouse with the keyboard is marked. This is quite easy.
5
Click apply and exit the control panel.
6
Hover your mouse over the item you wish to click, and press the "5" key on your number pad
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The Big Religion Comparison Chart serves as an extensive compendium, juxtaposing the origins, tenets, practices, and sacred texts of prominent world religions, lesser-known faiths, ancient cults, and novel spiritual movements. Although I may quibble with certain nuances in their doctrinal generalizations, this chart offers a robust framework for comparing global religions. It is important to note that encapsulating a religion's essence in fewer than two paragraphs is, by its nature, challenging.
This Chart proves invaluable for individuals seeking to compare and contrast religions, providing a comprehensive overview that includes each religion's origins and adherent population. This information is explored in depth in Key Issue 1 of Chapter 6: Religions.
"Throughout human history, the number of languages has proliferated from a once much smaller pool. How did this linguistic diversification occur, and how do we categorize and track these languages? Alex Gendler delves into how linguists classify languages into families, illustrating how these linguistic trees provide invaluable insights into our past."
In essence, this video explores the origins and evolution of languages. From the earliest human societies, a smaller variety of languages existed. Tribes speaking a common language often migrated in search of resources, leading to the development of distinct languages as they adapted to new environments.
Insightfully, Unit 3 of our study explores language as a pivotal aspect of Chapter 6. One key question posed is why languages are distributed as they are. The video underscores that this distribution is a result of human migration, which drove the development of distinct languages as people adapted to new environments.
Mapping religious demographics can be fraught with complexities, but this high-resolution map (link provided) employs the most reliable data available for each country. Examine the regional maps (Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania) and reflect on the patterns that intrigue or surprise you.
As a Christian, I naturally desire my faith to be predominantly represented, yet I acknowledge the diversity of beliefs among others. This map intrigues me, not only for its visual depiction of global religious distributions, but also for the factual insights it provides about each faith.
The iScore5 app, designed for AP Human Geography, is now available on the Apple Store for $4.99. It offers five difficulty levels, bonus rounds, and an extensive study mode with a comprehensive vocabulary, making it an excellent test preparation resource and an engaging learning tool for both students and teachers (full disclosure: I contributed to its content development, but I am not compensated for promoting it).
Using data from the World Bank and the United Nations, we present a global snapshot of women's rights, including which countries have laws against violence, legislate for gender equality, and permit abortion.
Yesterday, Crash Course announced a new series focused on human geography, much to the joy of APHG educators. While some wished for John Green to host, I believe Miriam Nielsen deserves a chance to captivate us.
The world's linguistic landscape is remarkably diverse, with a minority of languages spoken by the majority. Over half of the world's languages are at risk of extinction due to their limited distribution and the global trend towards acculturation, where many languages die as their last speakers fail to pass them on.
This article explores cultural patterns and processes through the geographic spread of languages and the impact of globalization on their preservation.
The global linguistic landscape is indeed astonishing. Mandarin's dominance, with 1.39 billion speakers, is both unexpected and expected, given China's immense population. The prevalence of major world religions, each grappling with existential questions and sharing intertwined histories, is elucidated by John Bellaimey in an introductory video suitable for students seeking a foundational understanding of these faiths. Today's discourse delves into the evolution of human geography, its past missteps, and lingering problematic ideologies, serving as a lesson in what not to do in the field. Post-independence African geopolitics has largely adhered to 'colonial borders'. Emerging nations, like Somaliland, face challenges in achieving international recognition, with political and economic stability, and security from threats such as piracy, being crucial factors considered by the global community.
Did you realize that Swedish shares more linguistic similarities with Hindi than with Finnish? While attempting to encapsulate the entire world's linguistic landscape within a single list is an ambitious endeavor, here are 23 maps and charts that aim to shed light on various aspects of global communication. This article connects with Unit Three's theme of 'language and communication', presenting a range of maps that delve into the history of languages, their interconnections, prevalence in specific regions, and diverse phrases used within the same country. By visually exploring language through maps, one can gain a spatial understanding of global communication. One notable map, 'New York tweets by language', illustrates the city's linguistic diversity and the preservation of native languages amidst an English-dominant environment. These visualizations also reveal the close relationships between languages, regardless of their geographical proximity or sonic similarity, as exemplified by the shared origins of many Spanish and English words. The accompanying infographic offers a comprehensive view of the world's dominant languages, focusing on mother tongues and thus providing insights into the prevalence of lingua francas like English and French. Furthermore, it highlights the shifting cultural and religious landscape of the United States, which is becoming increasingly secular and diverse, with Christianity no longer being the dominant religion.
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The Challenge of Deforestation
Extracts from this document...
Opening Remarks
Solutions to the deforestation conundrum can be approached at both personal and institutional levels. Individual actions might entail prudent wood usage, planting native trees, opting for eco-friendly products, recycling paper, reducing wood-related consumption, voicing opinions to relevant authorities, and advocating for responsible forestry practices. However, education stands as the most potent catalyst for change, fostering a mindset that views forests as living ecosystems, not merely resources to be exploited.
Government Interventions
Governments worldwide are implementing various strategies to combat deforestation. Notable among these are forest protection schemes, farm forestry and plantations, and awareness campaigns. The primary approach involves establishing national parks and forest reserves through protection schemes, although this method alone is insufficient and may inadvertently justify destructive exploitation in unprotected areas.
Global Initiatives
The Tropical Forestry Action Plan, launched in 1985 by several international organizations, was one of the first major global efforts to address tropical deforestation. Despite its noble intentions, the plan was largely ineffective due to its oversimplified assumptions about poverty and overpopulation as the root causes, and its failure to acknowledge the role of developed countries. A more promising global strategy involves regulating the logging industry to ensure sustainable practices.
The primary objective of this initiative is to foster advancements such as enhanced national forest policies and development strategies, improved international cooperation, innovative forest resources assessment methods that consider social and economic values, and a deeper understanding of the environmental impacts of forest product harvesting and trade. The UN Commission on Sustainable Development stands as a significant stride towards combating deforestation. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a pivotal, albeit sometimes contentious, role in this rectification process. Notable examples include Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund. The Australian Rainforest Memorandum, which acknowledges the rights of traditional landowners, has garnered endorsement from over 40 NGOs. Addressing foreign debt is another critical aspect, as International Monetary Fund conditions often compel heavily indebted nations to overexploit their national resources.
In the context of environmental management, the natural greenhouse effect, facilitated by atmospheric gases trapping heat energy, is essential for human survival. Deforestation contributes to elevated carbon dioxide levels, as there are fewer plants to absorb this gas through photosynthesis. This phenomenon is analogous to the critically low potassium (K+) exchangeability level of 0.2 milliequivalents per 100g, as per agricultural standards (Jones, 2001).
To calculate the sustainable yield for whale populations, one must determine the interest rate. However, this information may not be directly provided. To circumvent this, sighting surveys are conducted from research vessels to estimate whale populations, serving as the capital component in the calculation.
Many local businesses have expressed concern that an increased presence of clean-up trucks in the vicinity may be driving customers away. To address this, a group strategically divided into five teams to examine five distinct areas: Bayswater, Harrow Road, Edgware Road, Paddington, and Pread Street.
The project's cost estimation was meticulously compiled from interviews and financial guidelines provided by the Public Debt Department, Ministry of Finance, the World Bank, and the Department of Highway. This process was detailed in the Project Planning and Scheduling section, subsection 4.1.
Prior to the advent of mechanized logging, which introduced chainsaws, tractors, roads, and railways, the timber trade posed a relatively minor threat to tropical rainforests. However, the subsequent impact was significant.
The forest, situated at higher altitudes, is characterized by Afromontane Forest and Afromontane Bamboo. Notably, it comprises a secondary plant community that has evolved from rainforest formation following past logging activities (as per KIFCON 1994). Initially, the vegetation was dominated by Neoboutonia macrocalyx, which is gradually being succeeded by climax species.
Bar charts, overlaid on a chloropleth map, provide visual insights into litter management and its environmental impact. A comprehensive litter count was conducted across the entire area, with no need for sampling. However, at Stag Lane, where a substantial amount of litter was found dumped, an estimation was necessary due to the sheer volume.
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The Cuadovirales, a class of bacteriophages, target bacteria rather than animal cells. Previous studies have shown that around 80% of bacterial genomes harbor viral DNA, contributing to the diversity of gut microbiota and a healthy gut microbiome [1]. It has been observed that the abundance of viruses within this order varies with age, with Microviridae increasing and Siphoviridae decreasing [2]. This pattern also occurs in mice fed a high-fat diet [3].
The classification of these viruses has recently been revised, leading to the inclusion of two additional families in the investigation of Siphoviridae. However, approximately 90% of the viruses in these three families still belong to Siphoviridae, which the researchers collectively refer to as "specific Cuadovirales".
Given the gut-brain axis's influence on cognition, the researchers aimed to assess the extent of these viruses' effects. Their findings indicated a significant impact. Upon infection, the viruses altered the metabolic processes of the host bacteria. Unexpectedly, the researchers discovered a strong negative association between specific Cuadovirales and multiple aspects of folate metabolism, including DNA repair mechanisms and the utilization of vitamins B2 and B6 in the folate cycle. However, several bacterial pathways associated with folate metabolism were also found to be increased.
The researchers highlighted a specific bacterial gene, thyX (also known as TYMS in humans), which is upregulated by Siphoviridae and plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity, neurological development, and memory retention [4]. Specific Cuadovirales also affected bacterial genes related to multiple other aspects of central nervous system biochemistry, and they were found to primarily infect lactic acid-related bacteria, which are associated with dairy products [5].
In a meticulous study, scientists scrutinized the gut microbiota of 1,056 individuals, employing a battery of diagnostic tests and cognitive assessments. After adjusting for age and BMI, they discovered that certain Caudovirales were linked to enhanced performance on Trail Making Test B, a marker of cognitive prowess, in women, while Microviridae showed an inverse association in both sexes. Conversely, specific Caudovirales were associated with improved scores on the backward digit span test in men, but not women.
To validate these findings, the team examined a larger cohort of 942 individuals. The results were even more pronounced in men, with specific Caudovirales linked to improved short-term and long-term memory, executive function, and information processing speed.
The researchers also delved into animal models. In mice, transplanting bacteria infected with these viruses enhanced cognitive test scores and increased gene expression related to cognition, with Microviridae showing negative effects. In fruit flies, those administered live Lactococcal 936-type viruses outperformed controls in learning and memory tests.
This comprehensive study, despite some unresolved contradictions and unexplained sex-based differences, offers valuable insights into the gut-brain axis and its potential for future manipulation, potentially revolutionizing our understanding and management of fecal bacteria and gut microbiomes to support brain health.
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Important Eras and Developments
Black Death
The Black Death was a plague that sewpt through Europe and killed a third of its population. It also upset the feudal system and led to its downfall.
Period: Jan 1, 1350 to Jan 1, 1550
Renaissance
The Renassaince wa the "rebirth" of Europe's intellectuals, artists, author's etc. It started in modern day Italy and brought about geniuses like Da Vinci and Michelangelo.
The Vitruvian Man by Da Vinci
Period: Jan 3, 1415 to Jan 3, 1417
Council of Constance burns Hus and ends great Schism
The Great Schism was a schism when 2 different pope lines tried to be pope.
Fall of Constantinople; End of hundred years war
Constatninople fell to the Ottomans and became present day Istanbul. The hundred years war also ended during this year with the French winning, assisted by Joan of Arc
Jan 4, 1455
Invention of Printing Press
The Printing Press was an important invention because it enabled easier access to knowledge which was critical for intellectual periods such as the Renessaince.
Oct 12, 1492
Columbus encounters America; completion of Reconquista in Spain
Christopher columbus, while tring to find a quicker route to india, found the New World. Meanwhile, in Spain the reconquering of lands from the Muslims was complete with the takeover of their last stronghold.
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to Jan 1, 1600
Protestant and Catholic Reformations
The Protestant Reformations made way for the modern beliefs that splintered a previously Catholic Europe. The catholic Reformation was made in response to the Protestant reformations and began with the council of Trent in 1545
Europe's Religion in 1639
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory
Copernicus, on the verge of death, published his book "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres" which presented his radical new heliocentric theory.
Dec 13, 1545
Council of Trent opens
The council of Trent opened and was an integral part of the counter-refromation. It allowed for reform of the Catholic chuch.
Period: Jan 2, 1550 to Jan 2, 1650
Dutch Commercial Dominance
The Dutch Empire and its West/East Companies established dominance over global trade during this period.
Dutch East India Company
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg ends religous war in Germany; Charles V abdicates
The Peace of Augsburg ended the wars in Germany and allowed for the permanent division of Christendom
Period: Jan 2, 1560 to Jan 2, 1650
Age of Crisis
During this period inflation rose, Spain's silver-supported economy slowed down and famine took a toll on the rapidly increasing population of Europe.
Period: Jan 2, 1580 to Jan 2, 1680
Witchcraft Scare
During this period, the fear of witches erupted into massive hysteria and witch hunts. Old, single women were usually targeted and executed.
A "Witch" being executed
Jul 29, 1588
Defeat of Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada is defeated by England and ensured England's rise as a world class power.
Apr 13, 1598
Edict of Nantes ends religous wars in France
The Edict of Nates gave the Huguenots(Calvinists) rights of toleration of their religion in a Cactholic France, thereby ending the conflict between the 2 parties
Period: Jan 2, 1600 to Jan 2, 1750
Baroque Art
The Descent by Carravagio
Baroque art was a dramatic art style that became popular in the 17th century.It emphasized majesty and grandeur and showed energy through itself.
Period: Jan 2, 1600 to Jan 2, 1799
Commercial Revolution
A moneylender
The commercial revolution came about with the new commercial empires trying to create international trade networks. As a result, new economic systems came about as well as new banking systems.
Mar 20, 1600
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch East India company was formed to conduct business in Asia for the Netherlands
Period: Jan 2, 1603 to Jan 2, 1689
Conflict between Parliament and King in England
In this period, the Tudor Family ruled England. They, however, excluded the parliament from many acts and this led to a coup d'etat against Charles i and this led to a civil war. Cromwell than took over and became the only dictator of England. The monarchy was then restored with the advent of Charles II which led to the accesion of James II to the throne and the Glorious Revolution.
Mar 24, 1603
Stuart Monarchy reigns in England
The Stuart Monarchy began in England, starting with the rule of James I. This family line would prove to be ousted by Parliament along with the monarchy, but with Charles II would return
Period: Jan 2, 1643 to Jan 2, 1715
Age of Louis XIV
Louis XIV was a ruler of France. He sought to centralize France and eliminate the power of nobility by confining them in his magnificent palace in Versailles. He was an advocate of the divine right of kings.
May 15, 1648
Peace of Westphalia ends 30 Years War
Peace of Westphalia allowed for the Dutch Republic to be officialy recognized by Spain
Jan 30, 1649
Charles I Executed in England
Charles I was executed for treason to the state and Parliament. He limited power of Parliament and even closed the building down. After his execution, Oliver Cromwell ruled England until the Monarchy was reestablished by Charles II
Period: Jan 2, 1650 to Jan 2, 1750
Absolutism
Absolutism refers to a monarchy where the sovereign figure held unchecked power. This claim to unlimited power was defended by the apparent divine right of kings to hold this power. Louis XIV of France was a prime example of this
Period: Jan 2, 1650 to Jan 2, 1763
Commercial Wars
These wars between the English and the Dutch commercial empires stemmed from commercial rivalry.
A portrayal of the Wars
Period: Jan 2, 1650 to Jan 2, 1763
Rise of Prussia
Prussia was on the rise in this period and soon became a major power in Europe. Under Frederick II Prussia took Silesia from Austria which set off the 7 years war. With help from its former enemy Russia and England, Prussia keptt its control of Silesia
Jul 5, 1687
Newton publishes Principia Mathematica
Newton published the principia, whch present his 3 laws of motion, universal gravitation and other of Newton's works and discoveries
Jan 4, 1688
Glorious Revolution; Peter the Great's reign begins in Russia
James II is disposed peacefully and replaced by William. Peter the great begins ruling Russia and turns it into a formidable power in Europe.
Period: Jan 2, 1689 to Jan 2, 1815
Rise of Russia
Peter the great</a>THe rise of Russia started with the reign of <a href=' > who reorganized his army and created a navy. He aslo reorganized the government. Catherine the great further reformed the government and stifled rebellions from the still-present serfs. russia, now a political power, played a role in the Congress of Vienna to decide the fate of France.
Jul 27, 1694
Bank of England founded
The Bank of England was formed to rasie England 1 million pounds for rebuilding of the navy.
Period: Jan 3, 1700 to Jan 3, 1800
Agricultural Revolution
The agricultural revolution in Europe came about from enhanced farming techniques such as fertilization and new inventions such as the hoe and a Seed drill. The Americas also supplied new crops such as maize and potatoes.
Sep 1, 1715
Peace of Utrecht; Death of Louis XIV
The Peace of Utrecht was established by the treaties of Utrecht between France, Spain and other European States. Dring this period Loius XIV also died
Period: Jan 3, 1720 to Jan 3, 1760
Rococo Art
Rococo Art emphasized grace and gentle action.It was hihgly secular and was enjoined upon by painters such as Watteau. It was also used in conjunction with Baroque architecture, as evident in the works of the architect Balthasar Neumann.
Period: Jan 3, 1720 to Jan 3, 1800
Enlightenment
During the Enlightenment, the ideas in the Scientific Revolution were popularized, Skepticism came into existence and the 4 major philosophes headed a movement to bring man out of ignorance. Montesquieu, Diderot, Voltaire, Beccaria, Quesnay, Hume and Roussaue advocated freedom of speech and religoin and created the social sciences. This was also a time when intellectuals such as Mary <a href=' preachedd on the equality of the sexes.
Dec 16, 1740
War of Austrian Succession
The War began when Prussia invaded and took Silesia/. This war enabled Silesia to become a superpower
Period: Jan 3, 1750 to Jan 3, 1850
Industrial Revolution
THe industrial revolution was a mjor force of change into a machine-dependent Western world. It began in Britain with new machines for textiles such as the power loom. Then the steam engine was created which led to factories and trains.
Feb 10, 1763
Treaty of Paris ends 7 years war
The treaty of Paris ended the 7 years war with Asutria retaining Silesia.
Apr 4, 1776
American Revolution; Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
The American Revolution begins with the signing of the Declaration of independence. Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations which challenges Mercantilism
Period: Jan 3, 1780 to Jan 3, 1850
Rise of the middle Class
The bourgeois, or the middle class became the largest buying power in Europe. Due to the Industrial Revolution, the middle class found many new roads to wealth and were the entrepeneurs of Europe. The wealthiest members of this class, due to their wealth, had power that was equal to the traditional elite.
Period: Jan 3, 1789 to Jan 3, 1848
Age of Revolutions
This period wa a time of political upheaval that began in North America and continued in France. Both the American and French Revoltion embodied the ideas of the enlightenment and liberty. However both were bloody and cost many casualties. In France, the Monarchy was destroyed and replaced by a government wich was then overthrown by Napolean Bonaparte who reestablished a reformed monarchy.
Jul 4, 1789
French Revolution Begins
The French Revolution against the monarchy began and the3 estate wrested away the power from the monarchy.
Period: Jan 3, 1790 to Jan 3, 1980
Feminism
Feminism was a movement started by intellectuals such as Wollstonecraft in the Enlightnement which continued on through the 20th century. It enjoined equal rights for both sexes and succeeded in improving womens' social status
Period: Jan 3, 1790 to Jan 3, 1914
Rise of Nationalism
In this period, a unified state became the focus of people's loyalty. Countries like France, Italy and Germany tried to unify their states. The large minorities wanted their own nation-states seperate by the ruling countries.
Wollstonecraft publishes the first major treatise on the rights of women. She propogates equal rights for men and women.
Nov 18, 1799
Napolean comes to power in France
Napolean Bonaparte rose to power during the later stage of the French Revolution and restores a reformed Monarchy and crowns himself emperor.
Period: Jan 3, 1800 to Jan 3, 1850
Romanticism
Romanticism was a reaction to rationalization of nature and the enlightenment. Romantics stressed the use of feeling, intuition and imagination as opposed to reason. This style was expressed in poetry, prose, art and architecture(Gothic). Romanticism was also expressed in music as evident by Beethoven's works
Apr 6, 1815
Napolean's Abdicaiton; Congress if Vienna
Napolean is abdicated from the throne due to forceful removal by Prussia, Russia and Sweden
Period: Jan 3, 1830 to Jan 3, 1870
Rise of Liberalism
Liberalism was the belief that people should be as free from restraint as possible, in both economy and politics. These beliefs were present in the ideas of Malthus and John Mill.
Feb 23, 1848
Revolutions of 1848; Communist Manifesto Published
These revolutions were a widespread series of rebellions across the countries. The Communist Manifesto was published by Marx and Engels. It became one of the most influential political books in history.
Period: Jan 3, 1850 to Jan 3, 1871
Unification and Nation-Building
In this period of time, Italy, Germany, Canada and the United States(After the Civil War) unified. their own respective countries.
Period: Jan 3, 1850 to Jan 3, 1875
Realsim and Materialsim
Materialsim was the secular belief that everything mental, physical or ideal was the result of a material force. Realsim sought to express the view that the world should be viewed realistically.
Period: Jan 3, 1850 to Jan 3, 1914
Second Industrial Revolution
The second industrial revolution helped create material prosperity and an age of progress. Steel, electricity,chemicals and petrol made way for new inventions and frontiers.
Period: Jan 3, 1850 to Jan 3, 1914
Imperialism
European States carved up most of Africa into colonies and and Asia. China then opened to Western trade.
Period: Jan 3, 1850 to Jan 3, 1920
Modern ideas and Science
Europe during this period, expanded on ideas formed in the enlightenment and created physics and Darwinism and Marxism
Period: Jan 3, 1850 to Jan 3, 1900
Rise of Modern Society
In this era, women pressed for their rights, namely their right to vote. However, on the other side of the spectrum, Jews were being persecuted and in response, Zionism started gaining traction.
May 10, 1851
Crystal Palace exhibition in Britain
The Crystal Palace Exhibition was an exhibition held in a huge building that exhibited England's Grandeur and progress through the industrial revoltion
Jan 4, 1857
Britain establishes direct rule over India
Britain during this period establsihed direct rule over the province of India.
Nov 24, 1859
Darwin publishes Origin of the Species
Charles Darwin published Origin of Species, which presented the underlying principles of evolution
Mar 17, 1861
Italy Unified; Russian Serfs Emancipated
Italy became unified under the House of Savoy. The Russian Sers were finally freed from fuedalism
Period: Jan 3, 1870 to Jan 3, 1920
Modern Art
Modern Art emerged with Post- Impressionism, cubsim and other forms of abstract painting. In music, Debussy linked his music to Impressionism while Grieg composed nationalist pieces for Scotland
Jan 18, 1871
Unification of Germany; First Commune
Germany became oficially integrated and united.
Nov 4, 1900
Interpretaion of Dreams by Freud published
Freud publishes his bestselling book and delves into pyschology as a science.
Sep 26, 1905
Einstein publishes relativity theory; Russian Revolution of 1905
Einstein, the genius physicist, publishes the relativity theory which is the backbone of modern physics. The Russian Revolution of 1905 led to a limited constitution monarchy.
Period: Jan 3, 1914 to Jan 3, 1945
World Wars
The World Wars were 2 Wars that were the first true Global Wars. They led to increased production and factories but suffered terrible casualties.
Jul 28, 1914
World War I begins
World War I, the first of two global wars begins.
Nov 17, 1917
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
The Bolshevik revolution protested the starvation caused by the government by going to St Petersburg and asking for bread
Nov 11, 1918
Treaty of Versailles ends WW1
The treaty ends WW1 with the axis powers being greatly punished economically.
Period: Jan 3, 1920 to Jan 3, 1945
Totalitarianism
In the 1920's the Soviet Union became the first Totalitarian ste. This was followed by Nazi Germany. The totilitarian state aimed to control all aspects of life
Jan 4, 1922
Fascists and Mussolini come to power in Italy
Mussolini in a coup d'etat takes power along with fascists
Oct 29, 1929
Great Depression begins
The Great Depression, the greatest modern economic recession, takes place after a stock market crash
Jan 30, 1933
Hitler came to power
Hitler became Lord Chancellor along with his Nazi party.
Sep 1, 1939
WW2 Starts
WW2 Starts after Hitler's invasion of Poland
Period: Jan 3, 1945 to Jan 3, 1991
Cold Wars
The Cold Wars were brought about between the US and the USSR due to their underlying differences. However no actual combat ensued and the Cold War was more an arms race
Period: Jan 3, 1945 to Jan 3, 2015
European Unity
After the aftermath of the wars, Europe saw it necessary to be more unified. So new organizations started forming which eventually formed into the EU.
Sep 2, 1945
WW2 Ends
WW2 ENds with Hitler's suicicde
Apr 4, 1949
NATO Formed
NATO was formed with Western European countries in response to threats from the USSR
Jul 23, 1952
ECSC formed
ECSC formed as a European economic allinace, which leads to the EU
Mar 5, 1953
Stalin Dies
Stalin died of a massive heart attack thereby ending his reign of terror.
Oct 4, 1957
EEC; Sputnik launched
The first artificial Earth sattelite was launched
Aug 13, 1961
Berlin Wall erected
Berlin Wall divides Germany into East and West Germany.
Jan 4, 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castro, the currrent dictator of Cuba allows USSR to place a missile base in Cuba which threatens America.
Oct 11, 1962
Second Vatican Council
Second Vatican Council takes place at the Holy See
Jan 5, 1968
Student Revolts;"Prague Spring" Revolts
A bunch of revolts against communism took place
Oct 16, 1978
John Paul II elected Pope
John Paul II is elected Pope and plays a significant role in ending communism
Dec 27, 1979
USSR invades Afghanistan; Thatcher elected Prime Minister of Europe
USSr invades Afghanistan to gain access to ports that are usable all year long. Thatcher is elected Prime Minister in Britian
Mar 11, 1985
Gorbachev comes to power
Gorbachev came to power and had less communist views than his fellow leaders. His rule averdently led to the breakup of USSR
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Weatherwise is an accessible, visually engaging introduction to the study of weather for upper-elementary school students. In addition to providing an explanation of key curricular concepts, books in this highly visual series feature fascinating facts and activities that encourage readers to make their own observations of the weather around them.
"Each of these books focuses on a set of weather-related phenomena. Chapters are well-organized and contain clear explanations. The crisp layout contains plenty of captioned photos and diagrams, as well as sidebars that feature interesting facts and suggestions for observations readers can record in their backyards." --The Horn Book Guide
"This series would be attractive to students interested in weather and would work well for reports. It would be a nice addition to any library collection that is lacking up to date information about weather." --Library Media Connection
"This series provides a look at a variety of weather conditions and the tools that professionals use to predict weather. Each chapter focuses on a particular aspect of the weather with diagrams and photographs that provide additional information. This series would be attractive to students interested in weather and would work well for reports. It would be a nice addition to any library collection that is lacking up to date information about weather, even though the high cost of each volume may deter some." --Library Media Connection
"This
"Lightning, Hurricanes and Blizzards: The Science of Storms, written by Paul Fleisher, is a 48-page book that explains air masses, weather fronts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and other storms, such as blizzards and dust storms, by giving details and characteristics of each of these weather phenomena. The book is divided into five chapters, each focusing on a specific weather topic. It also contains a glossary, a selected bibliography, a list of further readings, website suggestions, and an index. Every page contains a photograph of a storm or a diagram illustrating a weather topic. The first chapter introduces the four 'C's': convection, condensation, convergence, and the Coriolis effect. The text includes demonstrations, diagrams, questions, and definitions of important terms to explain these abstract, hard-to-visualize concepts. The chapters on the different storms include fascinating facts such as the fact that there are more than 16 million thunderstorms a year. Each storm chapter also includes safety information relevant to the storm being discussed. Readers will be able to interpret the power of tornadoes with the Fujita scale by using wind speeds and examples of damage. Diagrams, maps, and charts are included throughout the text. This
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Several months ago, I procured the Kodable application for my four-year-old, which claims to instruct toddlers in coding fundamentals prior to learning to read. Though my own programming prowess is modest, I find the prospect of providing my child an early advantage appealing. However, noted tech journalist Kevin Maney holds a differing view. In a recent Newsweek article, he posits that by the time today's pre-teens enter the job market, coding skills will be as obsolete as cursive handwriting, a stance that, while controversial among tech enthusiasts, raises a valid point: future preparation requires more than merely writing code.
The concept of code as a series of logical instructions is relatively novel. At its essence, code is about managing and navigating complexity. We encode information to facilitate communication, sometimes simplifying for efficiency, other times adding complexity for stability and security. When I initially resided in a foreign country, I struggled to decipher local information, even as my language skills advanced, due to cultural, professional, and social nuances that remained opaque to me, limiting my effectiveness.
In our daily lives, we employ codes to bridge complexity levels. In Poland, a simple hand gesture can signify a late night out, while marketers use acronyms to convey intricate concepts. These codes enhance communication efficiency but can also baffle outsiders. This is why many tech-inclined individuals advocate for universal coding literacy. As we become increasingly immersed in digital environments, a certain knowledge base is required for effective interfacing and communication, as Liz Lukas, CEO of digital training company Decoded, aptly puts it: "it's a matter of basic literacy."
In contemporary computing, Fortran and COBOL have seen a decline in usage. Much like how assembly code's intricate commands were abstracted into higher-level languages, akin to how a Polish hand gesture signifies a hangover, modern languages encapsulate preceding ones. Today's programming languages also incorporate code libraries to minimize the need for manual coding. Thus, Maney's assertion holds weight; just as Fortran and COBOL's utility has waned, our current languages may not suffice for future generations. Indeed, DARPA scientists are developing a new language, MUSE, aiming to integrate all existing libraries into everyday language.
However, Maney's argument has a caveat. Although computer languages evolve and become obsolete, the necessity to understand coding remains. The digital world operates on a fundamental logic, and navigating this logic is crucial for functioning within it. Consider the marketing example: while many find marketers' excessive use of acronyms frustrating, these codes represent vital concepts for effective product promotion. Similarly, using symbols like "#" and "RT" is indispensable for operating in social media environments.
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Quantifying Water in Cubic Feet: A Comprehensive Guide
Have you ever pondered the volume of water a cubic foot can accommodate? Perhaps you're a pool owner or need to measure a water tank, and you're curious about its water-holding capacity in gallons. This guide will walk you through calculating the gallons of water in a cubic foot and explain the utility of this conversion.
Calculating Gallons of Water in a Cubic Foot: A Step-by-Step Guide
The conversion from cubic feet to gallons is straightforward: 1 cubic foot equals 7.48 US gallons. To convert, simply multiply the cubic feet by 7.48.
For instance, consider a swimming pool measuring 10 feet in length, 20 feet in width, and 5 feet in depth. First, calculate the pool's volume in cubic feet:
10 feet × 20 feet × 5 feet = 1,000 cubic feet
Next, multiply the volume in cubic feet by the conversion factor:
1,000 cubic feet × 7.48 gallons/cubic foot = 7,480 gallons
Thus, the pool holds 7,480 gallons of water. Note that this formula is specific to fresh water; for other liquids, the conversion factor may differ.
Understanding the Relationship Between Cubic Feet and Gallons of Water
To grasp the number of gallons in a cubic foot of water, it's crucial to define both units. A cubic foot is a volume unit equal to the space occupied by a cube with sides measuring one foot. Meanwhile, a gallon is a unit of liquid volume, equivalent to 231 cubic inches.
When visualizing a cubic foot of water, imagine a cube with each side measuring one foot. Dividing this cube into smaller cubes, each with a side of one inch, yields 1,728 smaller cubes, with each representing a cubic inch of water. Given that a gallon contains 231 cubic inches, a cubic foot of water can accommodate approximately 7.48 gallons.
In layman's terms, one cubic foot of water equates to 7.48 gallons, a conversion crucial for measuring the volume of water-holding structures like swimming pools and storage tanks. Precision in volume measurement, particularly with water, is paramount. Even minor inaccuracies can significantly impact water conservation efforts or water bill calculations.
For instance, a miscalculation in volume measurements could lead to overpaying for water, especially when billing is based on gallons used. Homeowners can benefit from understanding this conversion in several practical ways:
1. Water usage tracking: Accurate volume measurement helps identify water-saving opportunities, thereby reducing water bills.
2. Swimming pool management: Knowing the pool's water volume aids in maintaining optimal chemical levels and efficient filtration systems.
Water Management in Gardening and Irrigation:
To maintain a healthy garden or lawn, precise water usage is crucial to prevent both overwatering and underwatering. To accurately measure water volume, employ liquid volume-measuring tools like a liquid measuring cup or a graduated cylinder, and verify your measurements for accuracy.
Converting Cubic Feet to Gallons of Water: Key Methods
The conversion from cubic feet to gallons of water can be achieved through several methods, each suited to different preferences and measurement contexts:
- Conversion Charts: Utilize online or printed charts that correlate cubic feet with gallons for a straightforward conversion.
- Calculator Assistance: Employ online calculators or mobile apps for a quick and convenient conversion, bypassing manual calculations.
- Formula-Based Conversion: Apply the simple formula: cubic feet × 7.48 = gallons, to perform the conversion yourself.
Choose the method that best aligns with your personal preference and the precision of your measuring devices.
Practical Applications of Volume Conversion Between Cubic Feet and Gallons of Water
Understanding the volume conversion between cubic feet and gallons of water is beneficial in various scenarios, including:
- Construction and Renovation: When building or renovating structures, knowing the water-handling capacity of pipes and fixtures is essential.
- Irrigation and Gardening: To effectively water gardens, either manually or via an irrigation system, understanding the water requirements of plants and the volume of water applied is vital.
Water Consumption and Billing: To curb your water usage or control your water bill, it's crucial to first determine your monthly water consumption.
Mastering the conversion between cubic feet and gallons of water can empower you to make more conscious decisions about your water usage, thereby reducing waste and saving money.
In summation, calculating the number of gallons in a cubic foot of water is a fundamental conversion that homeowners, builders, and landscapers should be familiar with. By grasping the relationship between cubic feet and gallons, and employing the correct conversion formula, one can accurately measure water volumes and make well-informed decisions about water usage. Whether your goal is to lower your water bill or decrease waste, mastering this conversion is a valuable skill that can serve you well.
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86c647f79e9841eda10c381f39294111
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Novel Introduction
not my main language but I'll make it all better during this adventu
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905eb3b5e4e14075ad46ec702e71ceec
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Era
The word era is a noun. Era means (1) a major division of geological time; an era is usually divided into two or more periods, (2) a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event.
With forested peaks that are often veiled in mist, the St Kitts and Nevis islands seem like they belong in the South Pacific. During the colonial era, the islands were strategically and economically important.
With its tree-lined avenues and ease of walkability, Savannah, Georgia may be one of the most picturesque and travel-friendly cities in the USA. Plantations and historically authentic homes remind visitors of a bygone, antebellum era.
For those with a hankering for the Wild West, Virginia City, Nevada offers the chance to experience that bygone era. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Virginia City sprung up after silver was discovered here during the 1850s.
One of the breakout successes of the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 era of gaming, the Dead Space franchise, is back - a remake of the first game is on the
Max Freeman-mills. Pocket Lint. Wednesday, 28 Jul 2021 10:22:00 +0100.
As we enter the era of Gen Z as the predominant demographic, marketing analysts are signaling a generation with a sure-fire aim to unlock and unwind during summer time.
By Joseph Deacetis, Contributor. Forbes. Tuesday, 27 Jul 2021 19:36:51 -0400.
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df844ffd5270420ea94d35ba068058f1
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Apparently keeping with the Giant Enemies theme I have going at the moment, Magmaargh has once more surfaced. This time the sheet also includes the original prototype I made before designing the big version. It may prove useful to someone. Please give credit if used and enjoy!
Really great sprites, Squishy Rex! Liked your work for quite a while. Just a question, is the prototype the smaller Magmaargh?
Thanks, that's great to know, it's appreciated. :) To answer your question, yes, the prototype is the smaller version. If I remember correctly, I named it "Minimaargh" or something like that when I first made it.
Awesome job! by the way, why are you deleting and re-submitting your sprite sheets? Starting fresh?
Pretty much, a lot my sheets, especially the older ones, are, well let's say "bad". Mostly it's just bad shading or line work, but there's also some that are just laid out badly. I figured the easiest thing to do was to nuke them all and fix them up. As it is, with the few sheets I have fixed already, I've also ended up creating new sprites in the process. So don't worry, everything I've ever uploaded will return in time, just hopefully in better quality. :)
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2d7a8ff70311423396f8d547a064067e
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Bladder Cancer Fundamentals
The American Cancer Society reports that bladder cancer is the sixth most prevalent malignancy, with a higher incidence among men than women. Early detection and treatment significantly reduce the risk of invasiveness. Approximately three-quarters of bladder cancer patients experience cancer recurrence, with improved detection leading to fewer recurrences. The highest recurrence rates occur soon after initial diagnosis and treatment, during which Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview is predominantly employed.
Physicians suspecting bladder cancer use cystoscopy to examine the bladder lining for abnormal growths or suspicious areas. Traditionally, cystoscopy relied solely on white light for visualizing lesions.
Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview: Enhanced Detection
Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview, a hospital-based procedure, significantly augments bladder cancer detection compared to conventional white light cystoscopy. It involves instilling an FDA-approved, non-toxic fluid called Cysview into the bladder via a catheter about an hour prior to the procedure. During the procedure, the urologist initially inspects the bladder using white light, then switches to blue light mode. In blue light, Cysview causes cancer cells to glow bright pink, facilitating the identification and removal of tumors. As Dr. Fitzgerald attests, "It's typically very conspicuous."
This technique is particularly beneficial in detecting carcinoma in situ (CIS), a flat malignancy with high recurrence and progression rates. The clear visualization of pink through the cystoscope enables precise removal of cells, allowing urologists to excise the cancer more completely and reduce subsequent recurrences.
The New Gold Standard
Blue Light Cystoscopy with Cysview was first employed in Europe over a decade ago and is increasingly adopted by leading medical centers in the United States.
"Currently, the use of this method is widely accepted as the gold standard for bladder cancer monitoring," remarks Dr. Fitzgerald, highlighting its incorporation into the American Urological Association's recommended protocols. By providing this advanced technology at a community-based facility such as Doylestown Hospital, patients can receive state-of-the-art care in their vicinity. "Doylestown Health's dedication to staying at the vanguard of cancer treatment is evident in its investment in novel and emerging technologies, allowing us to deliver our patients the finest care available," Dr. Fitzgerald adds.
Concerning the Doylestown Health Cancer Institute, it provides patients with the high-quality care they anticipate from a leader in cancer diagnosis and treatment, conveniently located close to home. Accredited by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and affiliated with Jefferson's Sidney Kimmel Cancer Network, the institute's board-certified physicians and oncology-certified practitioners offer comprehensive, coordinated care and services for a wide array of cancer diagnoses, including breast, lung, urologic, gastrointestinal, and other types.
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a9fd1e08044c46328e428728cdcbb811
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You don't need clean your coffee filters well. In case it has been a while since you lasted cleaned your filter, use a small bit of baking soda mixed with water on a washcloth to remove any visible stains. Here's how.
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b913b1f365c944afa1005d0a2cfe728e
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ZAINO ECOFRIENDLY BECAUSE THERE IS NO PLANET B
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3e3570fa84ca4e46896c0adeb7835e93
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Conference on Science, Industry, and Business
Assessing the Viability of Biofuels for Naval Use
June 22, 2012
Backed by a $2 million grant from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, mechanical engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are set to develop a predictive tool for evaluating the performance of a novel class of alternative fuels suitable for maritime vehicles like submarines and aircraft carriers.
Given the finite nature of fossil fuels and their dependence on foreign sources, the U.S. Navy, the nation's largest consumer of diesel fuel, is actively seeking domestically producible alternative fuels. However, the Navy's unique operational requirements necessitate fuels that are water-resistant and not readily flammable, effectively ruling out most existing biofuels.
Hydro-treated vegetable oil (HVO), a new type of diesel biofuel, presents a promising solution for naval vessels. The challenge lies in identifying the optimal blend among numerous possibilities, as each fuel possesses a unique combination of characteristics, including combustion temperature, component interactions, and ignition delay.
To circumvent the costly and time-consuming process of testing each trait for every candidate fuel, Rolf Reitz, a Wisconsin Distinguished Professor of mechanical engineering at UW-Madison, will spearhead a project to create a modeling tool for predicting fuel properties. Reitz and his colleagues at the UW-Madison Engine Research Center will employ the fuel's component distribution to forecast its engine performance. For instance, all fuels contain varying proportions of diverse chemical types, such as aromatic compounds. Despite their slight differences, aromatics generally behave similarly in combustion experiments, and Reitz's team will characterize how the aromatic compound proportion in a fuel affects its engine behavior using the Engine Research Center's suite of test engines.
Through meticulous trials with numerous fuels, Reitz asserts that the team has developed a state-of-the-art model capable of forecasting a fuel's behavior purely from its chemical composition. This empowers the Navy, and potentially others, to more efficiently choose the optimal Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) blend tailored to their requirements. Reitz explains, 'This tool facilitates an initial evaluation of a fuel's suitability, circumventing the need for extensive, time-consuming testing. While some testing remains inevitable, this model enables the immediate dismissal of unsuitable fuel classes.'
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3735f88e60264478bed6ff015d4a60bd
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Skeunk Skin
This piece of skin probably comes from Skeunk's heels which can explain its nice yellowish colour. Though this old skin won't enable you to make fashionable clothes, you'll still be able to create "retro" ones that younger generations will love
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1ccffeb95c7b4e6084f5e2220d06c63d
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