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README.md
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# CS-Wild-Places: Large-Scale 3D Dataset for Lidar Place Recognition Across Ground and Aerial Views
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The dataset is published as a contribution
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**HOTFormerLoc: Hierarchical Octree Transformer for Versatile Lidar Place Recognition Across Ground and Aerial Views**, CVPR 2025 by *Ethan Griffiths, Maryam Haghighat, Simon Denman, Clinton Fookes, and Milad Ramezani*\
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[[**Website**](https://csiro-robotics.github.io/HOTFormerLoc)] <!-- [[**Paper**](https://cvpr.thecvf.com)] --> [[**arXiv**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08140)] <!-- [[**Video**](https://youtube.com)] --> [[**CS-Wild-Places Dataset**](https://data.csiro.au/collection/csiro:64896)] [[**CS-Wild-Places README**](https://github.com/csiro-robotics/HOTFormerLoc/blob/main/media/CS_Wild_Places_README.pdf)]
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[**CS-Wild-Places**](https://data.csiro.au/collection/csiro:64896), a 3D cross-source dataset featuring point cloud data from aerial and ground lidar scans captured in four dense forests. Point clouds in CS-Wild-Places contain representational gaps and distinctive attributes such as varying point densities and noise patterns, making it a challenging benchmark for cross-view localisation in the wild.
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*CS-Wild-Places dataset. (Top row) birds eye view of aerial global maps from all four forests.
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(Bottom row) sample ground and aerial submap from each forest.*
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<!--  -->
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<img src="media/radar_plot.svg" alt="Hero Figure" width="50%" height="auto" style="display: block; margin: auto;">
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### Citation
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If you find this work useful, please consider citing:
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```
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<!-- month = {todo},
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pages = {todo} -->
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## Environment and Dependencies
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Code was tested using Python 3.11 with PyTorch 2.1.1 and CUDA 12.1 on a Linux system. We use conda to manage dependencies (although we recommend [mamba](https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/mamba-installation.html) for a much faster install).
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### Installation
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```
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# Note: replace 'mamba' with 'conda' if using a vanilla conda install
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mamba create -n hotformerloc python=3.11 -c conda-forge
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mamba activate hotformerloc
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mamba install 'numpy<2.0' -c conda-forge
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mamba install pytorch==2.1.1 torchvision==0.16.1 pytorch-cuda=12.1 -c pytorch -c nvidia -c conda-forge
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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pip install libs/dwconv
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```
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Modify the `PYTHONPATH` environment variable to include the absolute path to the repository root folder (ensure this variable is set every time you open a new shell):
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```export PYTHONPATH
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export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:<path/to/HOTFormerLoc>
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```
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## Datasets
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### Wild-Places
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We train on the Wild-Places dataset introduced in *Wild-Places: A Large-Scale Dataset for Lidar Place Recognition in Unstructured Natural Environments* ([link](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.12732)).
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Download the dataset [here](https://csiro-robotics.github.io/Wild-Places/#8-Download), and place or symlink the data in `data/wild_places`.
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Run the following to fix the broken timestamps in the poses files:
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```
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cd datasets/WildPlaces
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python fix_broken_timestamps.py \
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--root '../../data/wild_places/data/' \
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--csv_filename 'poses.csv' \
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--csv_savename 'poses_fixed.csv' \
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--cloud_folder 'Clouds'
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python fix_broken_timestamps.py \
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--root '../../data/wild_places/data/' \
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--csv_filename 'poses_aligned.csv' \
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--csv_savename 'poses_aligned_fixed.csv' \
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--cloud_folder 'Clouds_downsampled'
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```
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Before network training or evaluation, run the below code to generate pickles with positive and negative point clouds for each anchor point cloud:
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```
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cd datasets/WildPlaces
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python generate_training_tuples.py \
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--root '../../data/wild_places/data/'
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python generate_test_sets.py \
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--root '../../data/wild_places/data/'
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```
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### CS-Wild-Places
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We train on our novel CS-Wild-Places dataset, introduced in further detail in our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08140). CS-Wild-Places is built upon the ground traversals introduced by Wild-Places, so it is required to download the Wild-Places dataset alongside our data following the instructions in the above section (generating train/test pickles for Wild-Places is not required for CS-Wild-Places, so this step can be skipped). Note that the full Wild-Places dataset must be downloaded as our post-processing utilises the full resolution submaps.
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```
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Note that training and evaluation pickles are saved to the directory specified in `--root` by default.
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### CS-Campus3D
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We train on the CS-Campus3D dataset introduced in *CrossLoc3D: Aerial-Ground Cross-Source 3D Place Recognition* ([link](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.17778)).
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Download the dataset [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yxVicykRMg_HAfZG2EQUl1R3_wxpxStd/view?usp=sharing), and place or symlink the data in `data/benchmark_datasets_cs_campus3d`.
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Run the below commands to convert the CS_Campus3D train and test pickles into a suitable format for use with HOTFormerLoc.
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```
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cd datasets/CSCampus3D
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python save_queries_HOTFormerLoc_format.py
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```
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### Oxford RobotCar
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We trained on a subset of Oxford RobotCar and the In-house (U.S., R.A., B.D.) datasets introduced in
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*PointNetVLAD: Deep Point Cloud Based Retrieval for Large-Scale Place Recognition* ([link](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.03492)).
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There are two training datasets:
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- Baseline Dataset - consists of a training subset of Oxford RobotCar
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- Refined Dataset - consists of training subset of Oxford RobotCar and training subset of In-house
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We report results on the Baseline set in the paper.
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For dataset description see the PointNetVLAD paper or github repository ([link](https://github.com/mikacuy/pointnetvlad)).
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You can download the dataset from
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[here](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1rflmyfZ1v9cGGH0RL4qXRrKhg-8A-U9q)
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([alternative link](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-1HA9Etw2PpZ8zHd3cjrfiZa8xzbp41J/view?usp=sharing)), then place or symlink the data in `data/benchmark_datasets`.
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Before network training or evaluation, run the below code to generate pickles with positive and negative point clouds for each anchor point cloud.
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```generate pickles
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cd datasets/pointnetvlad
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# Generate training tuples for the Baseline Dataset
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python generate_training_tuples_baseline.py --dataset_root '../../data/benchmark_datasets'
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# (Optionally) Generate training tuples for the Refined Dataset
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python generate_training_tuples_refine.py --dataset_root '../../data/benchmark_datasets'
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# Generate evaluation tuples
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python generate_test_sets.py --dataset_root '../../data/benchmark_datasets'
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```
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## Training
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To train **HOTFormerLoc**, download the datasets and generate training pickles as described above for any dataset you wish to train on.
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The configuration files for each dataset can be found in `config/`.
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Set the `dataset_folder` parameter to the dataset root folder (only necessary if you have issues with the default relative path).
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If running out of GPU memory, decrease `batch_split_size` and `val_batch_size` parameter value. If running out of RAM, you may need to decrease the `batch_size` parameter or try reducing `num_workers` to 1, but note that a smaller batch size may slightly reduce performance. We use wandb for logging by default, but this can be disabled in the config.
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To train the network, run:
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```
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cd training
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# To train HOTFormerLoc on CS-Wild-Places
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python train.py --config ../config/config_cs-wild-places.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_cs-wild-places_cfg.txt
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# To train HOTFormerLoc on Wild-Places
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python train.py --config ../config/config_wild-places.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_wild-places_cfg.txt
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# To train HOTFormerLoc on CS-Campus3D
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python train.py --config ../config/config_cs-campus3d.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_cs-campus3d_cfg.txt
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# To train HOTFormerLoc on Oxford RobotCar
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python train.py --config ../config/config_oxford.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_oxford_cfg.txt
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```
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If training on a SLURM cluster, we provide the `submitit_train_job_single_node.py` script to automate training job submission, with support for automatic checkpointing and resubmission on job timeout. Make sure to set job parameters appropriately for your cluster.
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### Pre-trained Weights
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Pre-trained weights for HOTFormerLoc and other experiments can be downloaded and placed in the `weights` directory. You can download them individually below, or download and extract all from [this link](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/qjyh966styqlye38a4c37/pretrained_weights.tar.gz?rlkey=qkuhupf3og7mfkfid8dts7xej&st=wx8q2v68&dl=0).
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| Model | Dataset | Weights Download |
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|--------------|-----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| HOTFormerLoc | CS-Wild-Places | [hotformerloc_cs-wild-places.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/bcgcmbyic591f3bviib64/hotformerloc_cs-wild-places.pth?rlkey=vrw0seq6nfbsihijbhqatll2u&st=d7enawjw&dl=0) |
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| HOTFormerLoc | CS-Campus3D | [hotformerloc_cs-campus3D.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/l9jyn5310gjf80zw35v7z/hotformerloc_cs-campus3d.pth?rlkey=s0bpcysyc1xt2357shhclpnlw&st=zhh679b9&dl=0) |
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| HOTFormerLoc | Wild-Places | [hotformerloc_wild-places.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/yd94iy9dq6k1m312ifnyx/hotformerloc_wild-places.pth?rlkey=5ndv0p48c7hyjvah90eab1l1e&st=zl1716hh&dl=0) |
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| HOTFormerLoc | Oxford RobotCar | [hotformerloc_oxford.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/4r3470zo9zomkyjys5nrm/hotformerloc_oxford.pth?rlkey=eocfo3yvmhuqqgsmjtypgf78s&st=ybhzcj6y&dl=0) |
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| MinkLoc3Dv2 | CS-Wild-Places | [minkloc3dv2_cs-wild-places.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/2w4l8gv7qbmp0lh4eztsf/minkloc3dv2_cs-wild-places.pth?rlkey=udxvtkr6yfgdnyizra4gmw0qa&st=p0evrh61&dl=0) |
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| CrossLoc3D | CS-Wild-Places | [crossloc3d_cs-wild-places.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/5ikt1jvr2fabiaw8mhqbb/crossloc3d_cs-wild-places.pth?rlkey=lb4gp2n814im3twy4zy5d67bd&st=znup5ewi&dl=0) |
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| LoGG3D-Net | CS-Wild-Places | [logg3dnet_cs-wild-places.pth](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/51se5akdyg35xy2dsrosj/logg3dnet_cs-wild-places.pth?rlkey=4nvvp8gw656wdbj3081jzcn0i&st=n5ytpnzc&dl=0) |
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## Evaluation
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To evaluate the pretrained models run the following commands:
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```
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cd eval
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# To evaluate HOTFormerLoc trained on CS-Wild-Places
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python pnv_evaluate.py --config ../config/config_cs-wild-places.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_cs-wild-places_cfg.txt --weights ../weights/hotformerloc_cs-wild-places.pth
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# To evaluate HOTFormerLoc trained on Wild-Places
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python pnv_evaluate.py --config ../config/config_wild-places.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_wild-places_cfg.txt --weights ../weights/hotformerloc_wild-places.pth
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# To evaluate HOTFormerLoc trained on CS-Campus3D
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python pnv_evaluate.py --config ../config/config_cs-campus3d.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_cs-campus3d_cfg.txt --weights ../weights/hotformerloc_cs-campus3d.pth
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# To evaluate HOTFormerLoc trained on Oxford RobotCar
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python pnv_evaluate.py --config ../config/config_oxford.txt --model_config ../models/hotformerloc_oxford_cfg.txt --weights ../weights/hotformerloc_oxford.pth
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```
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Below are the results for all evaluated models on CS-Wild-Places:
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*Comparison of SOTA on CS-Wild-Places Baseline evaluation set.*
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*Comparison of SOTA on CS-Wild-Places Unseen evaluation set.*
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See the paper for full results and comparison with SOTA on all datasets.
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## Acknowledgements
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# CS-Wild-Places: Large-Scale 3D Dataset for Lidar Place Recognition Across Ground and Aerial Views
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The dataset is published as a contribution of our CVPR paper titled:
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**HOTFormerLoc: Hierarchical Octree Transformer for Versatile Lidar Place Recognition Across Ground and Aerial Views**, CVPR 2025 by *Ethan Griffiths, Maryam Haghighat, Simon Denman, Clinton Fookes, and Milad Ramezani*\
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[[**Website**](https://csiro-robotics.github.io/HOTFormerLoc)] <!-- [[**Paper**](https://cvpr.thecvf.com)] --> [[**arXiv**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08140)] <!-- [[**Video**](https://youtube.com)] --> [[**CS-Wild-Places Dataset**](https://data.csiro.au/collection/csiro:64896)] [[**CS-Wild-Places README**](https://github.com/csiro-robotics/HOTFormerLoc/blob/main/media/CS_Wild_Places_README.pdf)]
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[**CS-Wild-Places**](https://data.csiro.au/collection/csiro:64896), is a 3D cross-source dataset featuring point cloud data from aerial and ground lidar scans captured in four dense forests. Point clouds in CS-Wild-Places contain representational gaps and distinctive attributes such as varying point densities and noise patterns, making it a challenging benchmark for cross-view localisation in the wild.
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*CS-Wild-Places dataset. (Top row) birds eye view of aerial global maps from all four forests.
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(Bottom row) sample ground and aerial submap from each forest.*
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In our paper, we demonstrated that HOTFormerLoc achieves a top-1 average recall improvement of 5.5% – 11.5% on the CS-Wild-Places benchmark. Furthermore, it consistently outperforms SOTA 3D place recognition methods, with an average performance gain of 4.9% on well established urban and forest datasets. Please check out our paper for more information.
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<!--  -->
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<img src="media/radar_plot.svg" alt="Hero Figure" width="50%" height="auto" style="display: block; margin: auto;">
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**Note: If you use our dataset please cite the folowing paper.**
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### Citation
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If you find this work useful, please consider citing:
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```
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<!-- month = {todo},
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pages = {todo} -->
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### CS-Wild-Places
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We train on our novel CS-Wild-Places dataset, introduced in further detail in our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08140). CS-Wild-Places is built upon the ground traversals introduced by Wild-Places, so it is required to download the Wild-Places dataset alongside our data following the instructions in the above section (generating train/test pickles for Wild-Places is not required for CS-Wild-Places, so this step can be skipped). Note that the full Wild-Places dataset must be downloaded as our post-processing utilises the full resolution submaps.
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```
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Note that training and evaluation pickles are saved to the directory specified in `--root` by default.
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## Acknowledgements
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+
We would also like to thank the authors of [Wild-Places](https://csiro-robotics.github.io/Wild-Places/) for their fantastic dataset which serves as the base that CS-Wild-Places is built upon.
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