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ded and played hard to a clear finish. Bronstein often avoided lines he had favoured in earlier events, and frequently adopted Botvinnik's own preferred variations. This strategy seemed to catch Botvinnik by surprise; the champion had not played competitively for three years since winning the title in 1948. The quality... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
Botvinnik won four virtually level endgames after the adjournments, and his fifth win came in an endgame that Bronstein resigned at move 40. These adjourned games made up four of Botvinnik's five match wins; Botvinnik had no more than a minimal advantage in these games when they were adjourned at move 40.
Bronstein's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
ally confirmed these rumors in his public statements or writings, admitting only to 'strong psychological pressure' being applied, and that it was up to Bronstein himself whether to decide to give in to this pressure. In his final book Secret Notes, published in 2007, shortly after his death, Bronstein went further and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
third at the USSR Championship, Riga, 1958. At the 1958 Interzonal in Portorož, Bronstein, who had been picked as clear pre-event favourite by Bobby Fischer, missed moving on to the 1959 Candidates' by half a point, dropping a last-round game to the much weaker Filipino Rodolfo Tan Cardoso, when the electrical power f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
er Kotov) and 1949 (jointly with Smyslov). He also tied for second place at the Soviet Championships of 1957 and 1964–65. He tied first with Mark Taimanov at the World Students' Championship in 1952 at Liverpool. Bronstein was also a six-time winner of the Moscow Championships, and represented the USSR at the Olympiads... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
David Bronstein wrote many chess books and articles, and had a regular chess column in the Soviet newspaper Izvestia for many years. He was perhaps most highly regarded for his famous authorship of Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953 (English translation 1979). This book was an enormous seller in the USSR, goin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
Efim Geller) in transforming the King's Indian Defence from a distrusted, obscure variation into a popular major system should be remembered, and is evidenced in his key contribution to the 1999 book Bronstein on the King's Indian. Bronstein played an exceptionally wide variety of openings during his long career, on a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
l years in the mid-1980s.
Bronstein was a chess visionary. He was an early advocate of speeding up competitive chess. In 1973 he introduced the idea of adding a small time increment for each move made, a variant of which has become very popular and is implemented on almost all digital chess clocks. He challenged comput... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
a very good standard (jointly winning the Hastings Swiss of 1994–95 at the age of 70), wrote several important chess books, and inspired young and old alike with endless simultaneous displays, a warm, gracious attitude, and glorious tales of his own rich chess heritage. Bronstein died on December 5, 2006, in Minsk, Bel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
ISBN 978-1857441369
The Sorcerer's Apprentice, 1995, ISBN 978-1857441512
Bronstein on the King's Indian, 1999, ISBN 978-1857442656
Secret Notes, 2007, ISBN 978-3283004644
=== Best combination ===
During the 1962 Moscow vs. Leningrad Match Bronstein played the top board for the Moscow team. With the white pieces he d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
vsky, Candidates' Playoff Match, Moscow 1950, game 1, Grunfeld Defence (D89), 1–0 Bronstein offers a far-seeing exchange sacrifice, which ties Black up, leading to a beautiful strategical win.
Mikhail Botvinnik vs. Bronstein, World Championship Match, Moscow 1951, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Rubinstein Variation (E47), 0–1 A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
Reshevsky's chances of winning the tournament. He gives it everything he has, and triumphs over stout defense. This game was chosen by Grandmaster Ulf Andersson as his favourite game by another player and he analyses it in the book Learn from the Grandmasters.
Bronstein vs. Paul Keres, Goteborg Interzonal 1955, Nimzo-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
eresting part of the game starts with White's 42nd move, trying to sacrifice an exchange in order to achieve a seemingly sterile blocked position.
Lev Polugaevsky vs. Bronstein, USSR 1971, English Opening, Symmetrical Variation (A34), 0–1 Bronstein offers an original, problematic pawn sacrifice, which Polugaevsky accep... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
Russian Variation (D98), 1–0 Another young master experiences Bronstein's aging yet potent chess powers.
Stuart Conquest vs. Bronstein, London 1989, CaroKann Defence (B10), 0–1 A dazzling tactical display leaves White helpless in only 26 moves.
Bronstein vs. Walter Browne, Reykjavik 1990, Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Var... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
ISBN 9780679130642.
Bronstein, David (1973). 200 Open Games. Macmillan.
Bronstein, David; Fürstenberg, Tom (2009). The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Rev. & expanded ed.). New In Chess.
Giddins, Steve (2015). Bronstein, Move by Move. Everyman Chess.
Hooper, David & Whyld, Kenneth (1984). The Oxford Companion to Chess. Oxford ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
er, pp. 29–42, ISBN 0-486-28674-6
Sosonko, Genna (2017), The Rise and Fall of David Bronstein, Russia: Elk and Ruby Publishing House, ISBN 978-5-950-04331-4
== External links ==
David Bronstein chess games at 365Chess.com
David Bronstein player profile and games at Chessgames.com
David Bronstein Chess Olympiad recor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bronstein |
The World Youth Chess Championship is a FIDE-organized worldwide chess competition for boys and girls under the age of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18.
== History ==
Twelve world champions are crowned every year. Since 2015 (OR 2016), the event has been split into "World Cadets Chess Championship" (categories U8, U10 and U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
fective January 1 of the year of the championship. The first FIDE-sanctioned women's championship was held in 1981.
The under-14 championship was inaugurated in 1979, and the under-eight championship in 2006.
== Ages ==
U18: Since 1987
U16: Cadets 1974 - 1980 / Since 1981
U14: World Infant Cup 1979-1984 / Since 1985
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
Blitz Chess Championships 2021, Online
World Cadets & Youth Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships 2022, Rhodes, Greece
World Cadets & Youth Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships 2023, Batumi, Georgia
World Cadets Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships 2024, Durres, Albania
World Cadets & Youth Rapid & Blitz Chess Championship 2025,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
ampionship 2025, Rhodes, Greece
== World Youth U16 Chess Olympiads (Youth Team) ==
2001-2017:
World Youth U16 Chess Olympiads
(World Youth Y16 Olympiad | Children's Olympiads )
no. host city year 1st 2nd 3rd system boards teams players games PGN
FIDE World Youth U16 Chess Olympiad 2025 Barranquilla, Colo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
IND RUS IRI S-10 4 54 256 1,076 PGN
12. Chongqing View tournament crosstable China 2013 IND RUS TUR S-10 4 72 332 1,440 PGN
11. Istanbul View tournament crosstable Turkey 2012 RUS IRI IND S-10 4 39 189 760 PGN
10. Kocaeli View tournament crosstable Turkey 2011 RUS ARM IRI S-10 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
0 PGN
3. Denizili View tournament crosstable Turkey 2003 HUN UKR IRI S-10 4 24 113 448 PGN
2. Kuala Lumpur View tournament crosstable Malaysia 2002 CHN UKR INA S-10 4 28 131 560 PGN
1. Batatais View tournament crosstable Brazil 2001 SWE BRA RSA RR 4 8 38 112 PGN
- Viborg View t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
RUS S-9 4 18 N/A N/A N/A
3. Canaries View tournament crosstable Spain 1995 ISL HUN GEO S-7 4 22 97 308 PGN
2. St. Andrew's Malta 1994 RUS GRE HUN S-7 4 28 N/A N/A PGN
1. Linares Spain 1993 RUS GEO RUS3 S-13 4 28 N/A ?728 PGN
International Children’s Chess Games (organized b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
ergate, England.
== Under-14 winners ==
=== World Infant Cup ===
=== Boys & Girls ===
== Under-12 winners ==
== Under-10 winners ==
== Under-8 winners ==
== See also ==
World Junior Chess Championship
European Junior Chess Championship
European Youth Chess Championship
North American Youth Chess Champions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
le at the start of the year the championship is played in. It was also the year in which the first girls' championship for U16 was played.
In 1979, International Year of the Child, the first edition of the World Infant Cup was played for under 14. This cup had four editions, 1979, 1980, 1981 and 1984. In 1985 the U14 e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
t introduced in 2006.
1974 – Pont-Sainte-Maxence, France, 2–13 July – The first World Cadet Championship was an Under-18 event, organised by the French chess authorities. Thirty players took part in an 11-round Swiss. Englishman Jonathan Mestel won by a one-and-a-half point margin, scoring +8−0=3. The silver and bronze... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
German Eric Lobron and Lebanese Bachar Kouatly were two future grandmasters who also took part.
--- The Batsford Chess Yearbook 1975/76, Kevin J O'Connell (ed.) (1976, Batsford) p. 73
1978 – Sas-van-Gent, Netherlands, December 1978 – January 1979 – The World Cadets tournament was held over the New Year. Scotland gain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
taken by Ivan Morovic and further down the field were future grandmasters Gilberto Milos, Joel Benjamin, Jan Ehlvest, Alon Greenfeld and Jóhann Hjartarson.
--- CHESS magazine Vol 44. October p. 368
1980 – Le Havre, France – (? – ?) – The World Cadet Championship (for players under 17 on 1 September 1980) was played al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
conditions, particularly the dormitory-style accommodation and food quality. Many also felt that the Brazilian, Gilberto Milos, was unfairly treated when his twice adjourned game was concluded on the free day without prior warning. He was awoken at 9.10 am and told that his clock had been started. Understandably upset... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
f tie-breaking systems were used to separate the final places. In the case of the Boys Under-10 category, the resulting split was particularly harsh on the Brazilian Rafael Leitão, who was deprived of a gold medal on the basis of 'strength of first round opponent'. Antoaneta Stefanova, the winner of the girls Under-10 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
arian College hosted the 5th World Youth Festival, which attracted 170 players from 44 nations. With federation officials and parental entourages, this number swelled to more than 300. It was the first time that the USA had hosted a chess event of this size and importance and the accommodation and conditions received h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
In the Boys U-12, Boris Avrukh outdistanced second placed John Viloria and third placed Peter Leko. Corina Peptan was triumphant in the Girls U-12, ahead of Monika Bobrowska and Nikoletta Lakos. In the Boys U-10, Nawrose Nur won by a good margin from the Romanian Alin Berescu and Adrien Leroy of France. Ecuador's Evel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
rld Junior Championships. There were initially some problems with overcrowding, but these were quickly sorted out by the organisers. There was a commentary room where those who had finished their games could benefit from the expert opinion of Grandmaster Helmut Pfleger. TV screens were displayed throughout the venue to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
English contingent; by comparison other western European nations failed miserably. McShane won the Boys/Open U-10 event, despite being the youngest competitor at 8. Ruth Sheldon took silver in the U-12 Girls and Harriet Hunt a bronze in the U-14 Girls, even though she was heavily outrated.
--- CHESS magazine Vol 57. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
turned too nasty, Florencio Campomanes stepped in and ordered a reduction in the fee, which helped patch things up. However, the French were so upset that they decided to boycott the opening celebrations. Attending the closing ceremony was former World Champion Anatoly Karpov, the guest of honour replacing Campomanes o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
-12 Boys) and Rustam Kasimdzhanov (U-16 Boys). There was an impressive showing from the Ukrainian Girls Squad, taking 3 of the 5 gold medals on offer.
--- CHESS magazine Vol 59. January p. 48
1998 – Oropesa del Mar, Spain – (October – November) – The Marina d'Or venue played host to over 1000 players from 48 countries... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
- CHESS magazine Vol 63. December pp. 37–40
== Results ==
https://web.archive.org/web/20241015132507/https://www.torneionline.com/loto.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20250221143957/http://www.torneionline.com/loto.php?path=albi/03_Campionati_Mondiali
https://web.archive.org/web/20240620195758/http://www.torneionline... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
chine, 2003 Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Homepages: 2004, 2007, 2012 2018
Romanian successes in the championship: 1974–2007 Archived 17 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine
2007 edition from Chessbase: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
2009 official site
On the 1987 edition: 1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship |
Chess became a source of inspiration in the arts in literature soon after the spread of the game to the Arab World and Europe in the Middle Ages. The earliest works of art centered on the game are miniatures in medieval manuscripts, as well as poems, which were often created with the purpose of describing the rules. Af... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
such as stealth chess in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series or Tri-Dimensional chess in the Star Trek series.
== History ==
=== 10th to 18th century ===
Palatine Chapel in the Norman Palace in Palermo you can admire the first painting of a chess game that is known to the world. The work dates from around 1143 and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
tings are different in each picture. Another early illustrated text is the Book of the customs of men and the duties of nobles or the Book of Chess (Latin: Liber de moribus hominum et officiis nobilium super ludo scacchorum) which is based on the sermons of Jacopo da Cessole and was first published in 1473.
The pieces ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
scribe the rules of the game. De ludo scacchorum (unrelated to the manuscript mentioned above) by Francesco Bernardino Caldogno, also created at that time, is a collection of gameplay advice, presented in poetic fashion.
One of the most influential works of chess-related art is Marco Girolamo Vida's Scaccia ludus (152... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
d – since the 20th century – films related to chess. Sometimes, they are inspired by famous games, like John Brunner's The Squares of the City, structured after the famous match between Wilhelm Steinitz and Mikhail Chigorin; Poul Anderson's short story Immortal Game, inspired by the 1851 game played by Adolf Anderssen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
rry Pratchett's Discworld series or Tri-Dimensional chess in the Star Trek series.
Another connection between art and chess is the life of Marcel Duchamp, who almost fully suspended his artistic career to focus on chess in 1923. Salvador Dalí and Man Ray were also chess players and both designed chess sets. The three a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
Juan Gris were also chess players, and both made references to the game in their work.
The design of Bauhaus professor Josef Hartwig's early 1920s chess set uses the shape of each piece to indicate its permitted movement.
Artists such as Yayoi Kusama, Barbara Kruger, Damien Hirst, Gavin Turk, Jake and Dinos Chapman, Ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
and Mercury on Mount Olympus
Chess (c. 1565) by Jan Kochanowski. An epos parody which portrays a game of chess as a battle between two armies
Caissa, or the game of chess (1772) by William Jones. Inspired by ancient Greek mythology, the poem tells the story of dryad Caissa, with whom Mars falls in love. In an attempt t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
main character, Aleksandr Luzhin, suffers from mental problems because of his obsession with chess
The Royal Game (1942), a novella by Stefan Zweig
All the King's Horses (1951) by Kurt Vonnegut, also included in Welcome to the Monkey House (1968)
John and the Chess Men (1952) by Helen Weissenstein, a children's novel i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
after the famous 1892 chess game between Wilhelm Steinitz and Mikhail Chigorin.
Invisible Cities (1972) by Italo Calvino
The Westing Game (1978) by Ellen Raskin
Szachista (Polish: The Chess Player) (1980) by Waldemar Łysiak, centered on the game of chess between Napoleon Bonaparte and The Turk
The Queen's Gambit (1983... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
üneberg Variation (1993) by Paolo Maurensig
Harry Potter series (1997–2007) by J. K. Rowling. The series fictional universe features wizard's chess, a chess variant where the pieces are similar to living beings, to which the players give orders by voice
Lord Loss (2005) by Darren Shan. The main character, Grubbs Grady,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
ired by the 1851 game played by Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky
Quarantine (1977), a short story by Arthur C. Clarke, about an extraterrestrial civilization which discovers chess after visiting Earth
Unicorn Variation (1983) by Roger Zelazny, included in Unicorn Variations
=== Comics ===
Superman: Red Son (200... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
appearance by José Raúl Capablanca.
Casablanca (1942), the character Rick Blaine, played by Humphrey Bogart, analyzes a game. (Bogart was also an avid chess player in real life.)
A Matter of Life and Death (1946), main characters play chess, Alekhine book has a plot role and Philidor is mentioned
The Seventh Seal (195... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
the rise of a young grandmaster
The Chess Players (1977), one of the subplots tells the story of two men obsessed with shatranj
Black and White Like Day and Night (1978), German Television film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and starring Bruno Ganz as a deranged chess player challenging the Soviet World Champion
Mystery... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
bby Fischer (1993), based on the life of Joshua Waitzkin
Fresh (1994)
The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
Independence Day (1996), features one of the main characters, David Levinson, playing chess with his father in New York City; later, David realizes that the aliens have set their ships across the world like that in che... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
ies, using live ammunition for pieces
Knights of the South Bronx (2005), about a teacher who helps students at a tough inner-city school to succeed by teaching them to play chess
Revolver (2005)
Queen to Play (2009)
Bobby Fischer Against the World (2011), an HBO original documentary directed by Liz Garbus premiered on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
o the game in question.
=== Television series ===
Noggin the Nog (1959–1965). The characters' design is inspired by the Lewis chessmen.
Star Trek (since 1966), several episodes feature a Tri-Dimensional chess variant
Mission: Impossible (1966–1973) one episode "A Game of Chess", season 2, episode 17, features cheatin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
ll and Dale Cooper discuss chess moves. A chess board diagram highlighting the Capablanca-Marshall game from 1909 covers a painting of a tree on the background wall.
The X-Files series, in "The End" episode (1998)
The West Wing (1999–2006), in the episode "Hartsfield's Landing" (2002)
Last Exile (2003), an anime series... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
ame (TV series), (2011) Canadian television series that follows former World Chess Champion Arkady Balagan who uses his analytical skills to solve crimes
Doctor Who serial, in the 2013 episode Nightmare in Silver, Doctor Who plays chess against the Cyberiad, the collective consciousness of all Cybermen
The Queen's Gamb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
m the life of famous players or well-known games. An unusual connection between art and chess is the life of Marcel Duchamp, who in 1923 almost fully suspended his artistic career to focus on chess.
I Giocatori di Scacchi (The Chess Players) (c. 1590) by Ludovico Carracci
Arabes jouant aux échecs (Arabs Playing Chess)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
ames ==
Parasite Eve II (2000) features GOLEMs, villainous genetically enhanced cyborg super soldiers that are divided into different types named after chess pieces: Pawn GOLEMs, Rook GOLEMs, Knight GOLEMs, and Bishop GOLEMs, plus a unique leader known as No. 9 (King GOLEM).
Killer7 (2005)
Deadly Premonition (2010)
Bab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
o took my virginity. She was pretty good at chess and the pussy was even better. Now I take that shit seriously. I hate losing." In 2005 Wu-Tang Clan member GZA released an album entitled Grandmasters in which every track had a chess theme.
Songwriter, musician, and Nobel Laureate Bob Dylan is a chess player.
== See ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
n, Jonathan (2014). The Twenty First Century Art Book. Paul Harper, David Trigg, Eliza Williams. London. ISBN 978-0-7148-6739-7. OCLC 889547304.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
== External links ==
Chess In Art (Streatham and Brixton Chess Club)
McClain, Dylan (May 22, 2009). "Chess on Fil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts |
Silver Star Chess is a chess video game for WiiWare. It costs 500 Nintendo Points to download.
== Reception ==
The game has been criticized for its poor artificial intelligence and lack of online multiplayer.
== References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Star_Chess |
Extinction chess is a chess variant invented by R. Wayne Schmittberger, editor of Games magazine, in 1985. Instead of checkmate as the winning condition, the object of the game is the elimination of all of a particular type of piece of the opponent. In other words, the objective is any of the following:
capture all th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_chess |
same: the king and the rook must not have previously moved, and there must be no pieces in between. Similarly, rooks, bishops, and queens may freely cross attacked squares, even if they are the last of their type.
Both sides can suffer an extinction on the same move, if pawn promotion is involved. For example, White mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_chess |
11. b5 Nd4 12. 0-0 Nxe2 13. Nxe2 Rd4 0–1
White loses both bishops. Although "winning the exchange" is usually bad in Extinction Chess, the pin on the first rank in this case is very potent: White underestimated it and the Black rook's swift arrival on the d-file.
== Notes ==
== References ==
Bibliography
Schmitt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_chess |
Dynamo chess is a chess variant invented by chess problemists Hans Klüver and Peter Kahl in 1968. The invention was inspired by the closely related variant push chess, invented by Fred Galvin in 1967. The pieces, board, and starting position of Dynamo chess are the same as in orthodox chess, but captures are eliminated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
path between the pieces must be vacant, and every square the pushed piece moves over must be vacant, or off the board. Capturing is not done as in orthodox chess. Instead, a piece that is pushed off the board is removed from the game. Dynamo Chess also has pull moves: Pieces can be pulled when the moving piece moves di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
a1 could push a bishop at a5 off the board. As another example, if there is a rook at h3 and a queen at h6, then the rook can pull the queen toward it. This would cause the rook to move off the board, so both pieces would be removed from the game.
The leaper pieces---kings, knights, and pawns---can also make dynamo mov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
starting rank, it is again able to advance two spaces forward. A pawn that could capture an opponent's piece under the rules of orthodox chess can push that piece one space diagonally forward. There is no en passant capture (but see the Variants section, below). A pawn that is pushed to the final rank is promoted, with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
amo move cannot be used to escape check, or put the moving player into check, or move a king through check. A checkmate wins the game, while stalemate causes a draw.
== Notation ==
A move can be recorded using standard algebraic notation (e.g., PGN), with a dynamo move followed by a slash, and the movement of any pus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
by the pawn's owner, rather than the player making the move.
== References ==
Pritchard, D. B. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants. Games & Puzzles Publications. pp. 98–99. ISBN 0-9524142-0-1.
Pritchard, D. B. (2000). "§17 Dynamo Chess". Popular Chess Variants. B.T. Batsford Ltd. pp. 100–03. ISBN 0-7134-8578-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
The Chess Variant Pages
Dynamo Chess a simple program by Ed Friedlander (Java) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_chess |
The 36th Chess Olympiad (Spanish: La 36a Olimpíada de ajedrez; Catalan: La 36a Olimpíada d'escacs), organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) and comprising an open and a women's tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between October 14 and October 31,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
tem.
The time control for each game permitted each player 90 minutes for all their moves, with an additional 30 seconds increment for each player after each move, beginning with the first.
== Open event ==
The open division was contested by 129 teams representing 125 nations. Spain, as hosts, fielded three teams, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
te round. The Ukrainian team nevertheless scored three points against France and claimed their first title, three points ahead of Russia, who had entered the tournament as the top seed, having brought four of the tournament's nine highest-rated players, and as defending six-time champions.
Armenia, one of just four tea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
Garry Kasparov, as well as classical World Champion Vladimir Kramnik and his challenger Peter Leko, who were just finishing their championship match (Kramnik retained his title with a 7–7 tie). FIDE Champion Rustam Kasimdzhanov was present, however, and led Uzbekistan to 14th place by going undefeated in his 8 games (+... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
ard 2: Mohamed Tissir 7½ / 9 = 83.3%
Board 3: Rafael Vaganian 9½ / 12 = 79.2%
Board 4: Baadur Jobava 8½ / 10 = 85.0%
1st reserve: Vaidas Sakalauskas 6 / 7 = 85.7%
2nd reserve: Sergey Karjakin and Ibrahim Chahrani 6½ / 7 = 92.9%
== Women's event ==
The women's division was contested by 87 teams representing 84 n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
nt lead into a tenth round match with second placed United States.
Susan Polgar (another ex-World Champion), who entered the tournament as the second highest-rated player and achieved the best performance rating of all, drew Xie Jun, while Irina Krush won her second board game against Xu Yuhua. A draw by Anna Zatonskih... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
oints in 12 rounds. The Russians were only in eighth place after ten rounds but had advanced to fourth place entering the penultimate round, where they faced Georgia, who they trailed by half a point. Although first board Maya Chiburdanidze (ex-World Champion) and second board Nana Dzagnidze, who both scored 8½ points ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
t seeding groups—in other words, the teams who exceeded their seeding the most. Overall medal winners were not eligible for group prizes.
=== Individual medals ===
Performance rating: Susan Polgar 2622
Board 1: Viktorija Čmilytė 8½ / 11 = 77.3%
Board 2: Szidonia Vajda and Corina Peptan 9 / 12 = 75.0%
Board 3: Zh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
to ascend the stage in order to inform the presenter of the Nona Gaprindashvili Trophy that the latter ought more clearly to explain Gaprindashvili's contributions to the game of chess (Gaprindashvili had been World Champion for 17 years). Security officers, in conjunction with local police, did not permit Azmaiparash... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
ut any previous provocation, assaulted [an] agent with a head butt to [the] mouth.
=== Drug testing ===
Having been formally recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1999, in preparation for prospective inclusion in future iterations of the Olympic Games, FIDE implemented (in 2001) doping restrictions con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
tee of the Olympiad, some under the auspices of FIDE; the events were known collectively as the First Chess Festival Calvià 2004. Within the festival were held simultaneous exhibitions, game demonstrations and lectures by top Spanish players, and several secondary tournaments, including one for amateur players, a rapid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
This Week in Chess Olympiad round-by-round summaries Archived 2005-01-07 at the Wayback Machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Chess_Olympiad |
Chess was a pioneering chess program from the 1970s, written by Larry Atkin, David Slate and Keith Gorlen at Northwestern University. Chess ran on Control Data Corporation's line of supercomputers. Work on the program began in 1968 while the authors were graduate students at the university. The first competitive versio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University) |
pth searching.
In 1976, Chess 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson American Class Championships, the first time a computer was successful in a human tournament. The performance rating was 1950.
In February 1977, Chess 4.6, the only computer entry, surprised observers by winning the 84th Minnesota Open against... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University) |
ing KAISSA; Chess 4 had finished in second place to KAISSA at the first tournament in 1974. The favorite to win the tournament, like all but one other entry Chess 4.6 ran on a computer located away from the tournament; despite losing 90 minutes to hardware failure at the start of its first match the program rapidly def... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University) |
on the bet convincingly, defeating Chess 4.7 in a six-game match by a score of 4.5-1.5, The computer scored a draw in game two after getting a completely winning position but being outplayed by Levy in the endgame, and a win in game four—the first computer victory against a human master—when Levy essayed the very sharp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University) |
yed at the expert level (2100). David Slate, with William Blanchard of Vogelback Computing Center at Northwestern University, later wrote a new program in Fortran, originally dubbed "Chess 5.0", but later renamed Nuchess. It competed from 1980 to 1984 but was never the dominating force of its predecessor. Its best co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University) |
nts cited their Northwestern affiliation and authorship of Chess 4.7, "World Computer Chess Champion, 1977-1980".
== References ==
"Chess Skill in Man and Machine", Chess 4.5 - The Northwestern University Chess Program, L. Atkin & D. Slate, pp. 82–118, Springer-Verlag, 1977 - devotes a chapter to the history and int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_(Northwestern_University) |
Video Chess is a chess game for the Atari VCS (renamed Atari 2600 in 1982) programmed by Larry Wagner and Bob Whitehead and released by Atari in 1979. Both programmers later developed games for Activision.
== Gameplay ==
The game is played from an overhead perspective. The player uses a cursor to select and move pie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Chess |
eatures a chess piece, though Atari was not yet contemplating designing a chess game. A man from Florida supposedly sued Atari over the box art. Video Chess programmer Bob Whitehead said he was not aware of such a lawsuit.
At first, the console's strict hardware limitations seemed to preclude it hosting a chess program... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Chess |
bank switching ROM cartridge to allow Video Chess prototypes to exceed four kilobytes, the maximum without bank switching. The released version is 4KB at a time when most games were 2KB, and the bank switching technology from the prototype was later used for other Atari VCS games. It was one of six games labeled as "S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Chess |
standard in all chess video games.: 77
== See also ==
List of Atari 2600 games
Video Checkers
== References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Chess |
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