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\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The astrophysical plasmas characterized by high Lundquist number
$S\equiv Lv_A/\eta$ ($L\equiv$ length scale of the magnetic field
\textbf{B} variability, $v_A\equiv$ Alfv\'en speed, and $\eta\equiv$
magnetic diffusivity) satisfy the Alfv\'en's flux-freezing theorem in presence of l... | proofpile-arXiv_065-3 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper we present and analyze a high-order time discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the time integration of second order differential problems as those stemming from e.g. elastic wave propagation phenomena.
Classical approaches for the time integration of second order diffe... | proofpile-arXiv_065-25 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The properties of particle interactions determine the evolution of a quantum chromodynamical (QCD) system. Thorough understanding of these properties can help answer many fundamental questions in physics, such as the origin of the Universe or the unification of forces. This is one of the importa... | proofpile-arXiv_065-32 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{mages} captured under low-light conditions often suffer from poor visibility, unexpected noise, and color distortion.
In order to take high-quality images in low-light conditions, several operations including setting long exposures, high ISO, and flash are commonly applied. Howe... | proofpile-arXiv_065-35 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sect1}
In the past decades, magnetic fields in galaxy clusters have been
observed and studied \citep[see review
of][]{han17,ct02,gf04,fgs+08,fgg+12}. The magnetic fields are
crucial for a comprehensive understanding of radio emission from the
diffuse intracluster medium (ICM). The pre... | proofpile-arXiv_065-40 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
On 22 September 2017, IceCube reported a neutrino event with energy $\sim 290\ \rm TeV$, which was shown to be associated with the blazar TXS 0506+056 \citep{aartsen1807science}. This opened a window of high energy neutrino astrophysics. The origin of high energy neutrinos is not c... | proofpile-arXiv_065-42 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Let $\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}~(n\geq 2)$ be a domain and $1<p<\infty$. In the monograph \cite{HKM} by Heinonen, Kilpel\"{a}inen, and Martio, the authors studied a nonlinear potential theory for the second-order quasilinear elliptic operator~$\dive(\mathcal{A}(x,\nabla u))$, whi... | proofpile-arXiv_065-77 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Hyperspectral remote sensing technology is a method that organically combines the spectrum of ground objects determined by their unique material composition with the spatial image reflecting the shape, texture and layout of ground objects, to realize the accurate detection, recognition and attri... | proofpile-arXiv_065-83 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a commonly used modality in many clinical scenarios including the diagnosis of ischemic strokes. An ischemic stroke is caused by an occluded blood vessel resulting in a lack of oxygen in the affected brain parenchyma. An occlusion in the internal carotid a... | proofpile-arXiv_065-84 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{introduction}
Assembly of galaxies in the early universe is a matter of intense debate in current astrophysics. Among others, the formation of bulges is a key ingredient which brought about the
morphological diversity of the present-day disc galaxies.
Despite much effort in clarifying the bulge formation pro... | proofpile-arXiv_065-85 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
This paper aims at broadening the understanding of the link between uncertainty principles and localized controllability of evolution equations. An uncertainty principle is a property which gives some limitations on the simultaneous concentration of a function and its Fourier transform. There exi... | proofpile-arXiv_065-86 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Elliptic and parabolic problems associated to the degenerate operators
\begin{equation*} \label{defL}
\mathcal L =y^{\alpha_1}\Delta_{x} +y^{\alpha_2}\left(D_{yy}+\frac{c}{y}D_y -\frac{b}{y^2}\right) \quad {\rm and}\quad D_t- \mathcal L
\end{equation*}
in the half-space $\mathbb{R}^{N+1}_+=\... | proofpile-arXiv_065-88 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{subfigure}[t]{\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{figures/sample_467.png}
\caption{Image with human and object detections.}
\label{fig:teaser-sample}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[t]{\linewidth}
\centering
\include... | proofpile-arXiv_065-97 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The numerical analysis of elastic shells is a
vast field with important applications in physics and engineering. In most
cases, it is carried out via the finite element method. In the physics and computer
graphics literature, there have been suggestions to use simpler methods based
on discrete... | proofpile-arXiv_065-110 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The crater chronology expresses the crater production rate (number of craters per unit time per surface area)
as a function of time. It encapsulates our understanding of the observed crater record on surfaces of different
bodies. If known, it can be used to estimate the surface age, identify the... | proofpile-arXiv_065-119 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Tension between the distance anchors}
\label{sec:anchors}
R11 and R16 use the LMC, NGC 4258 and Milky Way (MW) Cepheid parallaxes as the primary distance anchors.
In Sect. \ref{subsec:LMCanchor}, we discuss the LMC and NGC 4258 anchors and show that their geometrical distances are in
tension with the R... | proofpile-arXiv_065-125 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
To estimate a regression when the
errors have a non-identity covariance matrix, we
usually turn first to generalized least squares (GLS). Somewhat
surprisingly, GLS proves to be computationally challenging
in the very simple setting of the unbalanced crossed random
effects models that we study h... | proofpile-arXiv_065-142 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Related Work}\label{sec:related-work}
\paragraph*{Global Termination}
\emph{Global} termination detection (GTD) is used to determine when
\emph{all} processes have terminated
\cite{matternAlgorithmsDistributedTermination1987,matochaTaxonomyDistributedTermination1998}.
For GTD, it suffices to obtain global m... | proofpile-arXiv_065-147 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The bent-core liquid crystals (BLCs) are a novel class of liquid crystal (LC) mesogens that manifest various unique and exciting properties such as chirality, ferroelectricity and biaxiality \cite{Photinos_biaxial_JMC,Takezoe_BLC_JJAP,Jakli_BLC_LCR,Francescangeli_cybo_SM,Punjani_Golam,Keith_NBLC... | proofpile-arXiv_065-152 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{#1}}
\baselineskip=20pt
\newfont{\elevenmib}{cmmib10 scaled\magstep1}
\newcommand{\preprint}{
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}\vspace{-1.3cm}
\begin{flushright}\normalsize
\end{flushright}}
\newcommand{\Title}[1]{{\baselineskip=26pt
\begin{center} \L... | proofpile-arXiv_065-168 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Triangles are the basic substructure of networks and play critical roles in network analysis.
Due to the importance of triangles, triangle counting problem (TC), which counts the number of triangles in a given graph, is essential for analyzing networks and generally considered as the first funda... | proofpile-arXiv_065-182 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
For many decades, quantum phase transitions (QPT) have been the subject of intense studies in several areas of physics~\cite{Sachdev2011}. In a closed system with unitary dynamics, the hallmark of an equilibrium QPT is the non-analytic behavior of an observable upon changing a physical parameter... | proofpile-arXiv_065-186 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The past two decades have seen numerous advances to the approximability of the maximum disjoint paths problem ({\sc edp}) since the seminal paper \cite{GargVY97}.
An instance of \textsc{edp} consists of a (directed or undirected) ``supply'' graph $G=(V,E)$ and a collection of $k$ {\em requests... | proofpile-arXiv_065-211 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The dimensionality of a quantum system is crucial for its ability to perform quantum information processing tasks. For example, the security of some protocols for quantum key distribution and randomness expansion depends on the presumed dimensionality of the underlying physical system. The dime... | proofpile-arXiv_065-255 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A key step in the origin of life is the formation of a metabolic network that is both self-sustaining and collectively autocatalytic \cite{ars, hay, liu, vai, vas, xav}. Systems that combine these two general properties have been studied within a formal framework that is sometimes referred to a... | proofpile-arXiv_065-260 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
To realize pulsed emission in fiber lasers, Q-switching is one of the preferred technology to generate short and high energy pulses which are widely employed in optical communications, industrial processing, sensing, medicine and spectroscopy, etc. \cite{chenieee20}. Besides, nonlinear frequency... | proofpile-arXiv_065-261 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{W}{ith} the rapid development of computer technique, multi-dimensional data,
which is also known as tensors \cite{kolda2009tensor}, has received much attention
in various application fields, such as data mining \cite{kolda2008scalable, morup2011applications},
signal and ima... | proofpile-arXiv_065-262 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The phenomenal spread of the COVID-19 pandemic will have unprecedented consequences for human life and livelihood. In the absence of a treatment or vaccine to develop immunity against the disease, governments around the world have used non-pharmaceutical, risk mitigation strategies such as lockdo... | proofpile-arXiv_065-264 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Condensed matter offers a fascinating test bed to explore different concepts in non-relativistic and relativistic quantum field theories~\cite{Coleman:2003ku}, with some prominent examples being massless Dirac quasiparticles in graphene~\cite{Novoselov:2005es}, Majorana fermions in superconducto... | proofpile-arXiv_065-281 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Quantum annealing (QA) has been studied as a way to solve combinational
optimization problems~\cite{kadowaki1998quantum,farhi2000quantum,farhi2001quantum}
where the goal is to minimize a cost function. Such a problem is mapped
into a finding of a ground state of Ising Hamiltonians that contain ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-310 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Outline}
\section{Introduction}
Basketball is a global and growing sport with interest from fans of all ages. This growth has coincided with a rise in data availability and innovative methodology that has inspired fans to study basketball through a statistical lens. Many of the approaches in basketb... | proofpile-arXiv_065-316 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The source GRS 1758--258 was discovered in the hard X--ray/soft
$\gamma$--ray energy range with the SIGMA/GRANAT coded mask
telescope (Sunyaev et al. 1991). GRS 1758--258 is of particular
interest since, together with the more famous source 1E 1740.7--
2942, it is the only persistent hard X--... | proofpile-arXiv_065-353 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section*{Figure Captions\markboth
{FIGURECAPTIONS}{FIGURECAPTIONS}}\list
{Figure \arabic{enumi}:\hfill}{\settowidth\labelwidth{Figure
999:}
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep\usecounter{enumi}}}
\let\endfigcap\endlist \relax
\def\tablecap{\section*{Table Captions\markboth
{TABLECAPTIONS}{TABLECAP... | proofpile-arXiv_065-376 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The importance of studying continuous but nowhere differentiable
functions was emphasized a long time ago by Perrin,
Poincar\'e and others (see Refs. \cite{1} and \cite{2}).
It is possible for a continuous function to be sufficiently irregular
so that its graph is a fractal. This observatio... | proofpile-arXiv_065-388 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\input{intro}
\section{KPZ equation}
\input{kpze}
\section{Ideal MBE}
\input{idmbe}
\section{Ballistic deposition}
\input{bd}
\section{Summary and discussion}
\input{sd}
\noindent
{\Large{\bf Acknowledgment}}
The author gratefully acknowledges useful correspondence with S. P... | proofpile-arXiv_065-389 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The electric polarisability of the charged pion $\alpha_E$ can be inferred
from the amplitude for low energy Compton scattering
$ \gamma + \pi^+ \rightarrow \gamma + \pi^+ $.
This amplitude cannot be measured
at low energies directly, but can be determined from measurements on
related process... | proofpile-arXiv_065-404 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
This paper is focused on the actual problem of heavy flavor physics,
exclusive s.l. decays of low-lying bottom and charm baryons. Recently,
activity in this field has obtained a great interest due to the
experiments worked out by the CLEO Collaboration \cite{CLEO} on the
observation of the heavy-... | proofpile-arXiv_065-409 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
This talk reviews the status of two distinct though related subjects:
our understanding of chiral extrapolations,
and results for weak matrix elements involving light (i.e. $u$, $d$
and $s$) quarks.
The major connection between these subjects
is that understanding chiral extrapolations allows
us... | proofpile-arXiv_065-421 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Guidelines}
It is well known that the effects on the physics of a field,
due to a much heavier field coupled to the former, are not detectable at
energies comparable to the lighter mass. More precisely the
Appelquist-Carazzone (AC) theorem~\cite{ac} states that for a Green's function
with only light extern... | proofpile-arXiv_065-428 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{The Lyman--alpha forest}
\label{sec:laf}
Spectroscopic observations towards quasars show a large number of
intervening absorption systems. This `forest' of lines is numerically
dominated by systems showing only the Lyman--alpha transition ---
these absorbers a... | proofpile-arXiv_065-429 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
A still challenging question in strong interaction physics is
the derivation of the
low-energy properties of the spectrum from ``QCD first principle",
due to our limited present skill with non-perturbative physics.
At very low energy, where the ordinary
perturbation th... | proofpile-arXiv_065-432 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section*{Table of Contents}
\noindent \S0 - INTRODUCTION
\medskip
\noindent \S1 - THEIR PROTOTYPE IS ${\frak K}^{tr}_{\langle\lambda_n:n< \omega
\rangle}$, NOT ${\frak K}^{tr}_\lambda$!
\medskip
\noindent \S2 - ON STRUCTURES LIKE $(\prod\limits_n
\lambda_n,E_m)_{m<\omega}$, $\eta E_m\nu =:\eta(m) = \nu(m)$
\medskip... | proofpile-arXiv_065-469 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Recently much attention has been given to lower dimensional gauge theories.
Such remarkable results as the chiral symmetry breaking \cite{1}, quantum
Hall effect \cite{2}, spontaneously broken Lorentz invariance by the
dynamical generation of a magnetic field \cite{3}, and the connection
between... | proofpile-arXiv_065-474 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\bigskip
Over the past decade, beginning with the measurement of nucleon
spin--polarized structure function, $g_{1}(x,Q^2)$ by the
EMC \cite{emc88} at CERN and most recently with the
spin--structure function $g_2(x,Q^2)$ in the E143
experiment \cite{slac96} at SLAC, a wealth of information h... | proofpile-arXiv_065-482 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
After the observation of the top quark signal at the Tevatron,
the mechanism of the spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking remains the
last untested property of the Standard Model ($\cal{SM}${}).
Although the recent global fits to the precision electroweak data from LEP,
SLC and Tevatron se... | proofpile-arXiv_065-492 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
Let $Y$ be a connected simplicial complex. Suppose that
$\pi$ acts freely and simplicially on $Y$ so that $X=Y/\pi$ is a finite
simplicial complex. Let ${\mathcal F}$ a finite subcomplex of $Y$, which
is a fundamental domain
for the action of $\pi$ on $Y$.
We assume that $\pi$ is amenable. ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-494 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\chapter{Introduction} \label{intro_chapt}
\proverb{No time like the present.}
\section{Subject of this thesis} \label{thesis_subject}
Over the past thirty years, there have been significant advances in
the area of natural language interfaces to databases (\textsc{Nlidb}\xspace{s}).
\textsc{Nlidb}\xspace{s} allow u... | proofpile-arXiv_065-504 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\subsection*{1. Introduction}
Supersymmetric theories (SUSY) \cite{R0,R9} are the best motivated
extensions of the Standard Model (SM) of the electroweak and strong
interactions. They provide an elegant way to stabilize the huge
hierarchy between the Grand Unification or Planck scale and the Fermi
scale, and its min... | proofpile-arXiv_065-525 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In this paper we use a new real space renormalization-group map to
study renormalization of SUSY $\phi^4$ theories.
Symanzik's \cite{Sy} work proved that $\phi^4$ theories can be
represented as weakly self-avoiding random walk models. They are
in the same universality class as the self-avoid... | proofpile-arXiv_065-540 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The problem of classification of trivial Lagrangians i.e. Lagrangians
leading to trivial Euler-Lagrange equations has a long history and it seems
that it is not solved in full generality even today in the framework of
classical field theory. The basic input to the rigorous formulation of this
p... | proofpile-arXiv_065-541 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Over the years it has been found that there exist many two-dimensional
classical spin models, discrete and continuous alike, whose ground-state
manifolds are macroscopically degenerate and, more interestingly, also
exhibit critical behaviours, i.e., spin-spin correlation functions
within the... | proofpile-arXiv_065-569 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Improved Actions}
In lattice QCD, one of the fundamental challenges is to minimize the
errors caused by discretizing space-time. This is accomplished
through a combination of advances in computer technology, and advances
in the formulation of methods to solve the problem computationally,
including the develop... | proofpile-arXiv_065-575 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In the first part of this paper we shall investigate a
special case of relative continuity of symplectically adjoint maps
of a symplectic space. By this, we mean the following.
Suppose that $(S,\sigma)$ is a symplectic space, i.e.\ $S$
is a real-linear vector space with an anti-symmetric,
non-de... | proofpile-arXiv_065-607 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
An interacting electron gas in one dimension has many unusual
properties, such as the spin-charge separation, the power law of
correlation functions, and the linear dependence of the electron
relaxation rate on temperature and frequency (see Ref.\
\cite{Firsov85} for a revie... | proofpile-arXiv_065-648 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{I}
The relativistic approach to nuclear physics has attracted much
attention. From a theoretical point of view, it allows to implement,
in principle, the important requirements of relativity, unitarity,
causality and renormalizability~\cite{Wa74}. From the phenomenological
side, it has al... | proofpile-arXiv_065-662 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\subsection*{1. Introduction}
The connection of positive knots with transcendental numbers, via the
counterterms of quantum field theory, proposed in~\cite{DK1} and
developed in~\cite {DK2}, and has been vigorously tested against
previous~\cite{GPX,DJB} and new~\cite{BKP} calculations,
entailing knots with up to 11 cr... | proofpile-arXiv_065-679 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{The \ensuremath{\mathrm{|\Delta S| \!=\!2}}-Hamiltonian}
Here we briefly report on the \ensuremath{\mathrm{|\Delta S| \!=\!2}}-hamiltonian, the calculation of
its next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections and on the numerical
results. For the details we refer to \cite{hn}.
\subsection{The low-energy \ensu... | proofpile-arXiv_065-704 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
There have been enormous advances in understanding the low-energy
properties of supersymmetric
gauge theories in the last couple of years \cite{SW}. In particular, for
$N=2$ gauge theories
with $N_f$ matter hypermultiplets, the exact solution for the
low-energy properties of
the Coulomb pha... | proofpile-arXiv_065-710 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Quantum Statistical Mechanics: Generalities}
\label{qsm}
Before we discuss what happens in the vicinity of a QPT, let us recall some
very general
features of the statistical mechanics of quantum systems. The quantities
of interest are the partition function of the system,
\begin{equation}
Z(\beta) = {\rm Tr... | proofpile-arXiv_065-721 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
There are two schools of thought as to
the origin of the galactic magnetic field.
The first school holds that, after formation
of the galactic disk, there was a very weak seed
field of order $ 10^{ -17} $gauss or so, and that this
field was amplified to its present strength by dynamo action ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-723 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The Feynman diagrammatic technique has proven quite useful in order to
perform and organize the perturbative solution of quantum many-body
theories. The main idea is the computation of the Green's or
correlation functions by splitting the action $S$ into a quadratic or
free part $S_Q$ plus a rema... | proofpile-arXiv_065-726 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{#1}}
\def \thesection\arabic{equation} {\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\def \begin{equation} {\begin{equation}}
\def \end{equation} {\end{equation}}
\def \begin{eqnarray} {\begin{eqnarray}}
\def \end{eqnarray} {\end{eqnarray}}
\def \begin{eqnarray*} {\begin{eqnarray*}}
\def \end{eqnarray*} {\end{eqnar... | proofpile-arXiv_065-742 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:I}
Because both of its simplicity and nontrivial nature,
(2+1)-dimensional Einstein gravity serves as a good
test case for pursuing quantum gravity in
the framework of general relativity. In particular,
because of the low dimensionality,
the global degrees of free... | proofpile-arXiv_065-780 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\subsubsection*{Figure captions}
\newcounter{bean}
\begin{list}%
{Fig. \arabic{bean}}{\usecounter{bean}
\setlength{\rightmargin}{\leftmargin}}
\item (a) $\Delta E_0(\Phi_0/4) \equiv E_0(\Phi_0/4) - E_0(\Phi_0/2)$
versus $1/L$ for seve... | proofpile-arXiv_065-793 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:I}
Phase transitions that occur in a quantum mechanical system at zero
temperature ($T=0$) as a function of some
non-thermal control parameter are called quantum phase transitions. In
contrast to their finite-temperature counterparts, which are often
referred to as thermal or classic... | proofpile-arXiv_065-796 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
At HERA energies interactions between almost real photons (of
virtuality $P^2 \approx 0$) and protons can produce jets of high
transverse energy ($E_T^{jet}$). A significant fraction of these jets are
expected to arise from charmed quarks. The presence of a `hard' energy
scale means that perturb... | proofpile-arXiv_065-807 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The existence of the top quark, which is required in the Standard Model
as the weak isospin partner of the bottom quark, was firmly established
in 1995 by the CDF\cite{cdf_obs} and D0\cite{d0_obs} experiments at the
Fermilab Tevatron, confirming earlier evidence presented by CDF\cite{
top_evidenc... | proofpile-arXiv_065-818 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Proximity effect between a normal metal (N) and a superconductor (S) is a unique tool
for studying the interplay between dissipation and quantum coherence on one hand,
resistive transport
and superconductivity on the other hand. Induced superconductivity in a normal metal
manifests itself by ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-819 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{The Picard group and the classical Picard group.}
{\bf{\underline{Notation}.}} Let $A$ be \mbox{$C^*$}-algebra. If $M$ is a Hilbert \cstar-bimodule over
$A$ (in the sense of \cite[1.8]{bms}) we denote by $\langle$ , $\rangle_{{\scriptscriptstyle{L}}} ^M$,
and $\langle$ , $\rangle_{{\scriptscriptstyle{R}}}^M$... | proofpile-arXiv_065-828 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
At the mean-field level the linear $\sigma-\omega$ (or Walecka)
model~\cite{walecka} satisfactorily explains many properties of
nuclear matter and finite nuclei with two free parameters. The
resulting nuclear-matter compression modulus at saturation density
exceeds, however, the experimental bo... | proofpile-arXiv_065-831 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The magnetization dynamics of single-domain nanometric particles at low temperature is presently a subject of intense interest, in the hope of finding evidence for quantum tunneling of the magnetic moment through the anisotropy barrier associated with the particle \cite{chud}. Apart from some pio... | proofpile-arXiv_065-836 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The electroweak equivalence theorem (ET)~\cite{et0}-\cite{mike}
quantitatively connects the high energy scattering amplitudes of
longitudinally polarized weak gauge bosons ($V^a_L=W^\pm_L,Z_L$) to
the corresponding amplitudes of would-be Goldstone bosons
($\phi^a=\phi^\pm ,\phi^0$).
The ET ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-840 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{+3.0ex plus +1ex minus
\expandafter\ifx\csname mathrm\endcsname\relax\def\mathrm#1{{\rm #1}}\fi
\makeatother
\unitlength1cm
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.3}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{1.0}
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.5}
\def\beg... | proofpile-arXiv_065-841 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Absorption lines in quasar spectra,
especially the ``forest'' of Ly$\alpha$\ lines produced by concentrations
of neutral hydrogen, are uniquely suited
for probing structure formation in the high-redshift universe.
The absorbers trace relatively pristine baryonic material over
a wide range of r... | proofpile-arXiv_065-850 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The problem of transmission and storage of quantum states has received
a considerable amount of attention recently, owing to the flurry of
activity in the field of quantum computation~\cite{bib_reviews}
sparked by Shor's discovery of a quantum algorithm for
factoring~\cite{bib_shor}. In anticipat... | proofpile-arXiv_065-865 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in $3+1$ dimensions
does not possess static, finite energy solutions.
In contrast, SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs (YMH) theory
possesses static, finite energy solutions,
and so do SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM)
and Yang-Mills-dilaton (YMD) theory.
YMH theory with a triplet... | proofpile-arXiv_065-869 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The main property of Topological Field Theories (TFT) \cite{topol} is the
fact that
their observables are of topological nature, i.e. they only depend on the
global properties of the manifold on which the theory is defined.
Therefore, these kind of theories exhibit remarkable ultraviolet
fi... | proofpile-arXiv_065-873 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Construction of chiral gauge theory is one
of the long standing problems of lattice field theories.
Because of the fermion doubling problem,
the lattice field theory discretized naively becomes non-chiral.
Several approaches on lattice have been proposed to overcome this
difficulties, but none o... | proofpile-arXiv_065-894 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
{} Various phenomena associated with phase transitions at the early
stage of the universe have been a subject of great interest in
cosmology for two decades. These phase transitions of the
universe is motivated from the symmetry breaking phenomenon
in high energy particle physics.
One of the ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-895 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section[]{Introduction}
\label{sec:I}
The superspace of three-geometries on a fixed manifold \cite{Whe68}
plays an important role in several formulations of quantum gravity.
In Dirac quantization \cite{DeW67}, wave functions on superspace
represent states. In generalized quantum frameworks \cite{Harup},
sets of wave... | proofpile-arXiv_065-898 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section*{Introduction}
Since the early 1970's there has not been a space experiment able
to image a wide field with reasonable angular resulution in the UV, which
operated for more than about 10 days. The only full sky survey in the UV
was conducted by the TD-1 satellite and resulted in a catalog containing
31,215 s... | proofpile-arXiv_065-936 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Experimental progress in the exclusive $(e,e'p)$ reaction in recent
years has provided a clear picture of the limitations of the simple
shell-model description of closed-shell nuclei.
Of particular interest is the reduction of the single-particle (sp)
strength for the removal of particles with va... | proofpile-arXiv_065-943 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1}
The old idea (in any field theory) of losses of energy and momenta in an
isolated system, due to the presence of radiation reaction forces in the
equations of motion, is of topical interest in the case of the
gravitational field. Notably, gravitational radiation reaction forces
p... | proofpile-arXiv_065-959 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Bosonization techniques have proven useful in solving two--dimensional quantum
field theories. In particular the Schwinger and Thirring models have been
solved in this way \cite{2}. In the path integral framework the solubility
of the
Schwinger model manifests itself in the factorization of th... | proofpile-arXiv_065-963 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Statistical properties of the electron eigenfunctions in disordered
quantum
dots have recently become a subject attracting considerable theoretical and
experimental interest \cite{FM} - \cite{PR1995}. One of the reasons is that
the problem of particle motion in a bounded disordered potential com... | proofpile-arXiv_065-965 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section*{I. Introduction}
\end{flushleft}
Recently the CLEO collaboration has observed [1] the exclusive radiative
decay $B\rightarrow K^*\gamma$ with a branching fraction of $BR ( B
\rightarrow K^*\gamma ) = ( 4.5 \pm 1.0 \pm 0.9 ) \times 10^{-5}$. The
inclusive $b\rightarrow s\gamma$ branching ratio measured by C... | proofpile-arXiv_065-968 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are adaptive search techniques, which can be
used to find low energy states in poorly characterized,
high-dimensional energy landscapes~\cite{Gold,Holl}. They have already
been successfully applied in a large range of domains~\cite{Handbook}
and a review of the literatur... | proofpile-arXiv_065-971 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Homodyne detection is a well known
technique in detecting phase--dependent
properties of optical radiation.
In quantum optics it has been
widely used in studies and applications
of squeezed light \cite{squeezing}.
A statistical distribution of the outcomes of a homodyne detector
has recently f... | proofpile-arXiv_065-974 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction and motivations}
\vspace*{-0.5pt}
\noindent
In this report, we review some properties concerning Yang-Mills (YM)
theories in 1+1 dimensions in the light-cone gauge. The reason why YM
theories in 1+1 dimensions are interesting is at least twofold:
\begin{itemlist}
\item The reduction of the dim... | proofpile-arXiv_065-978 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The subject of this report is the production of jets with large transverse
momenta
in diffractive deep inelastic scattering.
We will concentrate on events with two jets in the final state,
i.\,e.\ events with a quark-- and an antiquark jet.
Due to the high photon virtuality $Q^2$ and the larg... | proofpile-arXiv_065-985 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{INTRODUCTION}
In SU(2) lattice gauge theory the plaquette,
$P \equiv \frac{1}{2} \mbox{tr} U_{\Box}$ takes values from $-1$ to $1$.
The action studied is $S_{\Box} = S_W = (1-P)$ if $P \ge c$
and $\infty$ if $P < c$, where
$c =$ cutoff parameter, $-1 \le c \le 1$. For instance, the
positive plaquette act... | proofpile-arXiv_065-998 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Analytical Study for Monopole Trajectory in the Multi-instanton Solution}
As 't~Hooft pointed out, a nonabelian gauge theory is reduced into
an abelian gauge theory with monopoles by the abelian gauge fixing [1,2].
Recent lattice studies suggest abelian dominance
and relevant roles of monopole condensation... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1065 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section*{Abstract}
Within the scalar-tensor theory of gravity with
Higgs mechanism without Higgs particles, we prove that the excited
Higgs potential (the scalar field) vanishs inside and outside of the stellar
matter for static spherically symmetric configurations. The field equation
for the metric (the tensorial gr... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1070 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Many of the most interesting new results in astrophysics
were obtained with survey projects, opening up a new range
of photon energies, lower flux limits, more precise position
measurements, etc. A rapid increase of the power
of computers, and a rapid decrease of their cost, opened
up yet anoth... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1071 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
In recent years it has proved possible to solve the problem of
back-reaction in the context of preequilibrium parton production in the
quark--gluon plasma \cite{CEKMS,KES}. This addresses the scenario in which
two ultrarelativistic nuclei collide and generate color
charges on each other, which ... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1078 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Reconstructing the top mass is critical to many of the physics goals
of the LHC. The top-quark mass is interesting in its own right as a
fundamental parameter of the standard model (SM), and for its role in
pinning down other aspects of the SM and its extensions. Our ability to
reconstruct $m_t... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1101 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
A classical description of relativistic spinning particles is one of
the traditional branches of theoretical physics having a long history \cite
{c1,c2,c3}. By now, several approaches to this problem have been developed.
Most of the researches are based on the enlargement of the Minkowski space
... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1103 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Can we understand galaxy formation at high redshift studying QSO
absorption systems? Lines-of-sight (LOS) to distant QSOs must frequently
traverse protogalactic environments. If the gas in these regions
has already experienced some metal enrichment the
galaxy formation process should produce a... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1129 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Semiclassical theory, and the quantum--classical correspondence,
are still incompletely understood at
the level of long-time or invariant structures, especially when the classical
dynamics shows exponential sensitivity to initial conditions (instability,
or positive Lyapunov exponents).
We have... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1142 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |
\section{Introduction}
Interest in the classical solutions of $2+1$-Gravity
\cite{a1}-\cite{a10} has recently revived \cite{a11}-\cite{a13} because of
the discovery of exact moving particle solutions \cite{a12}-\cite{a13}
in a regular gauge of conformal type \cite{a11}. Simplifying features of such a
gauge are the ins... | proofpile-arXiv_065-1172 | {
"file_path": "/home/ubuntu/dolma-v1_7/algebraic-stack-train-0000.json.gz"
} |