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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Thomas', 'title': 'Henry Thomas', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Psycho IV : The Beginning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Psycho_IV:_The_Beginning', 'summary': "Psycho IV : The Beginning is a 1990 American made-for-television horror film directed by Mick Garris that serves as both the third sequel and a prequel to Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho , as it includes both events after Psycho III while focusing on flashbacks of events that took place prior to the original film . This is the fourth and final film in the original Psycho series . It stars Anthony Perkins reprising the role of Norman Bates ( for the final time before his death in 1992 ) and co-stars Henry Thomas , Olivia Hussey and CCH Pounder . The film was written by Joseph Stefano , who also wrote the screenplay of the original film . The musical score was composed by Graeme Revell and the title theme music by Bernard Herrmann from the original film was used . Psycho IV : The Beginning world premiered on Showtime on November 10 , 1990 as part of a Psycho retrospective hosted by Janet Leigh ."}]}, {'value': 'Young Norman Bates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norman_Bates', 'summary': "Norman Bates is a fictional character created by American author Robert Bloch as the main antagonist in his 1959 thriller novel Psycho . He was portrayed by Anthony Perkins in the 1960 version of Psycho directed by Alfred Hitchcock and the Psycho franchise . He was also portrayed by Vince Vaughn in the 1998 version of Psycho , and by Freddie Highmore in the television series Bates Motel ( 2013-2017 ) . Unlike the franchise produced by Universal Studios , Norman is not the principal antagonist in Bloch 's subsequent novels and is succeeded by copycat killers who assume Norman 's identity after his death in Psycho II ( 1982 ) . Despite wide-ranging assumptions , the character was not inspired by Wisconsin murderer Ed Gein . Bloch later revealed that he was nearly finished writing Psycho when he first became aware of Gein , and was struck by how closely the imaginary character I 'd created resembled the real Ed Gein both in overt act and apparent motivation ."}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Television_film', 'summary': 'A television film is a feature-length motion picture that is produced and originally distributed by or to a television network , in contrast to theatrical films made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters . Such a production has also been called a TV movie , TV film , television movie , telefilm , [ a ] telemovie , motion picture made for television , made-for-television movie , made-for-television film , direct-to-TV movie , direct-to-TV film , movie of the week , feature-length drama , single drama and original movie .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Taste for Killing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Taste_for_Killing', 'summary': "A Taste for Killing is a 1992 American made-for-television thriller drama film directed by Lou Antonio and starring Michael Biehn , Jason Bateman and Henry Thomas . It marked actress Renée Zellweger 's debut role . The film was originally broadcast August 12 , 1992 on USA Network ."}]}, {'value': 'Cary Sloan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indictment : The McMartin Trial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indictment:_The_McMartin_Trial', 'summary': "Indictment : The McMartin Trial is a film made for television that originally aired on HBO on May 20 , 1995 . Indictment is based on the true story of the McMartin preschool trial . Oliver Stone and Abby Mann were executive producers of the film , which was directed by Mick Jackson . The cast includes James Woods and Mercedes Ruehl , as opposing defense and prosecuting attorneys in the McMartin trial . Henry Thomas , Sada Thompson and Shirley Knight co-star as the defendants in the case , with Lolita Davidovitch as a child-abuse therapist whose findings were crucial to the prosecution 's case and Roberta Bassin as the mother who initiated the case ."}]}, {'value': 'Ray Buckey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Riders of the Purple Sage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riders_of_the_Purple_Sage_(1996_film)', 'summary': "Riders of the Purple Sage is a 1996 TV-movie based on the Western novel by Zane Grey , directed by Charles Haid , adapted by Gil Dennis , and starring Ed Harris as Lassiter and Amy Madigan as Jane Withersteen . This TNT Original Production is the fifth screen adaptation of Grey 's novel across an eight-decade span ."}]}, {'value': 'Bern Venters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moby Dick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1998_miniseries)', 'summary': "Moby Dick is a 1998 American television miniseries based on Herman Melville 's 1851 novel of the same name . It was filmed in Australia in 1997 and first released in the United States in 1998 . The miniseries consisted of two episodes , each running two hours with commercials on March 15 and 16 of 1998 on the USA Network ."}]}, {'value': 'Ishmael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ishmael_(Moby-Dick)', 'summary': "Ishmael is a fictional character in Herman Melville 's Moby-Dick ( 1851 ) . Ishmael , the only surviving crewmember of the Pequod , is the narrator of the book . His importance relies on his role as narrator ; as a character , he is only a minor participant in the action and the main protagonist is Captain Ahab . The Biblical name has come to symbolize orphans , exiles , and social outcasts . Because he was the first person narrator , most of the criticism of Moby-Dick either confused Ishmael with the author himself or overlooked him . From the mid-twentieth century onward , critics distinguished Ishmael from Melville , establishing the character 's mystic and speculative consciousness as a central force in contrast to Captain Ahab 's monomaniacal force of will . By contrast with his namesake Ishmael from Genesis , who is banished into the desert , Ishmael is wandering upon the sea . Each Ishmael , however , experiences a miraculous rescue ; in the Bible from thirst , here from drowning ."}]}, {'value': 'Miniseries', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miniseries', 'summary': 'A miniseries ( or mini-series , limited series ) is a television program that tells a story in a predetermined , limited number of episodes . The term serial is used in the United Kingdom and in other Commonwealth nations , though its meaning does not necessarily equate to miniseries in its usage .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Happy Face Murders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Happy_Face_Murders', 'summary': "Happy Face Murders is a 1999 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Brian Trenchard-Smith . It is based on a real story . It was shot in 21 days and is one of director Brian Trenchard-Smith 's favourite films ."}]}, {'value': 'Dylan McCarthy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Masters of Horror', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masters_of_Horror', 'summary': 'Masters of Horror is an American anthology television series created by director Mick Garris for the Showtime cable network .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Chocolate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chocolate_(Masters_of_Horror)', 'summary': 'Chocolate is the fifth episode of the first season of Masters of Horror . It originally aired in North America on November 25 , 2005 . It was directed by Mick Garris and based on his short story .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Stephen King 's Desperation", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Stephen_King's_Desperation", 'summary': "Stephen King 's Desperation is a 2006 American horror television film based on Stephen King 's novel of the same name . King himself wrote the teleplay . The film was directed by frequent King collaborator Mick Garris and stars Ron Perlman , Tom Skerritt , Steven Weber and Annabeth Gish ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Jackson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nightmares & Dreamscapes : From the Stories of Stephen King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nightmares_&_Dreamscapes:_From_the_Stories_of_Stephen_King', 'summary': 'Nightmares & Dreamscapes : From the Stories of Stephen King is an eight-episode anthology series on TNT based on short stories written by Stephen King . It debuted on July 12 , 2006 , and ended its run on August 2 , 2006 . Although most of them are from the collection of the same name , there are some stories from different collections by King . A trailer confirming a DVD release of the series was made available in October 2006 . The series was filmed entirely in Melbourne , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Fornoy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The End of the Whole Mess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_End_of_the_Whole_Mess', 'summary': "The End of the Whole Mess is a short science fiction story by American writer Stephen King , first published in Omni Magazine in 1986 . It was collected in King 's Nightmares & Dreamscapes in 1993 and in Wastelands : Stories of the Apocalypse in 2008 . The story is written in the form of a personal journal , and tells the story of the narrator Howard Fornoy 's genius younger brother 's attempt to cure humanity 's aggressive tendencies . A TV adaptation of the story was produced by TNT as part of Nightmares & Dreamscapes : From the Stories of Stephen King and received positive reviews ."}]}, {'value': '2007-08', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Without a Trace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Without_a_Trace', 'summary': 'Without a Trace is an American police procedural drama television series that originally aired on CBS from September 26 , 2002 to May 19 , 2009 , following the cases of a Missing Persons Unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) in New York City . On May 19 , 2009 , CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Franklin Romar', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CSI : Crime Scene Investigation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CSI:_Crime_Scene_Investigation', 'summary': 'CSI : Crime Scene Investigation , also referred to as CSI and CSI : Las Vegas , is an American procedural forensics crime drama television series which ran on CBS from October 6 , 2000 , to September 27 , 2015 , spanning 15 seasons . The series starred William Petersen , Marg Helgenberger , George Eads , Ted Danson , Laurence Fishburne , Elisabeth Shue , and Jorja Fox and was the first in the CSI franchise . The series concluded with a feature-length finale titled Immortality .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeremy Kent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : If I Had a Hammer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Mentalist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Mentalist', 'summary': "The Mentalist is an American drama television series that ran from September 23 , 2008 , until February 18 , 2015 , broadcasting 151 episodes over seven seasons , on CBS . Created by Bruno Heller , who was also its executive producer , the show follows former psychic Patrick Jane ( Simon Baker ) , who is a consultant to the California Bureau of Investigation ( CBI ) and his boss , a former senior agent , Teresa Lisbon ( Robin Tunney ) , using the highly developed observational skills he previously employed to read people 's minds ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Lisbon', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Where in the World is Carmine O'Brien ?", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Betrayal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Betrayal_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Betrayal is an American drama television series that aired on ABC from September 29 , 2013 , to January 19 , 2014 . The series was developed by David Zabel and starred Hannah Ware . It is based on the Dutch drama series Overspel , broadcast by VARA . The pilot episode was directed by Patty Jenkins . Betrayal joined ABC 's Sunday line-up after ABC 's dramas , Once Upon a Time and Revenge . On May 9 , 2014 , ABC canceled Betrayal after one season ."}]}, {'value': 'T.J. Karsten', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sons of Liberty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(miniseries)', 'summary': 'Sons of Liberty is an American television miniseries dramatizing the early American Revolution events in Boston , Massachusetts , the start of the Revolutionary War , and the negotiations of the Second Continental Congress which resulted in drafting and signing the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The three-part miniseries premiered on History on January 25 , 2015 , directed by Kari Skogland . The theme music was composed by Hans Zimmer .'}]}, {'value': 'John Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Adams', 'summary': "John Adams ( October 30 , 1735 [ a ] - July 4 , 1826 ) was an American statesman , attorney , diplomat , writer , and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States , from 1797 to 1801 . Before his presidency , he was a leader of the American Revolution that achieved independence from Great Britain and served as the first vice president of the United States . Adams was a dedicated diarist and regularly corresponded with many important figures in early American history , including his wife and adviser Abigail Adams , and Thomas Jefferson . His letters and other papers serve as an important source of historical information about the era . A lawyer and political activist prior to the revolution , Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence . He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising from the Boston Massacre . Adams was a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress and became a principal leader of the Revolution . He assisted in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and was its foremost advocate in Congress . As a diplomat in Europe , he helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain and secured vital governmental loans . Adams was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780 , which influenced the United States ' own constitution , as did his earlier Thoughts on Government . Adams was elected to two terms as vice president under President George Washington and was elected as the United States ' second president in 1796 . He was the first , and only , president elected under the banner of the Federalist Party ."}]}, {'value': 'Miniseries', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Law & Order : Special Victims Unit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit', 'summary': "Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( often abbreviated to Law & Order : SVU or just SVU ) is an American crime drama television series created by Dick Wolf for NBC . It stars Mariska Hargitay as Captain Olivia Benson , the commanding officer of the Special Victims Unit and formerly a lead detective , located in a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department . Christopher Meloni played the other lead detective , Elliot Stabler , until departing from the series after 12 seasons . Law & Order : Special Victims Unit follows the style of the original Law & Order in that episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention . The show premiered on September 20 , 1999 as the second series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . After the premiere of the 21st season in September 2019 , the series became the longest-running US live action series on television . As of February 13 , 2020 , Law & Order : Special Victims Unit has aired 472 original episodes , surpassing the episode count of the original Law & Order series . It was nominated for and won numerous awards , including the 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series awarded to Mariska Hargitay ; the first Emmy to be received by a regular on any Law & Order series . On March 29 , 2019 , NBC renewed the series for a record-breaking twenty-first season , which premiered on September 26 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sean Roberts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Making a Rapist', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Better Things', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Better_Things_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Better Things is an American comedy-drama television series created by Pamela Adlon and Louis C.K . for FX , starring Adlon as a divorced actress who raises her three daughters on her own . FX gave a 10-episode order on August 7 , 2015 . The series premiered on September 8 , 2016 . On September 20 , 2016 , FX renewed the series for a second season , which premiered on September 14 , 2017 . In October 2017 , FX renewed the series for a third season , which premiered on February 28 , 2019 , and consisted of 12 episodes , all directed by Adlon . In March 2019 , the series was renewed for a 10-episode fourth season to premiere on March 5 , 2020 . The series and Adlon 's performance have been praised , and Adlon was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2017 and 2018 . The show received a Peabody Award in April 2017 , with the board stating : [ . ] this searingly funny and beautiful show is an at-times raw examination of the vicissitudes of working motherhood , crackling with feminist verve and energy , that consistently cuts new ground ."}]}, {'value': 'Robin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Haunting of Hill House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Hill_House_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Haunting of Hill House is an American anthology supernatural horror drama web television series created and directed by Mike Flanagan for Netflix ; produced by Amblin Television and Paramount Television . The first season is loosely based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Shirley Jackson . The plot alternates between two timelines , following five adult siblings whose paranormal experiences at Hill House continue to haunt them in the present day , and flashbacks depicting events leading up to the eventful night in 1992 when the family fled from the mansion . The ensemble cast features Michiel Huisman , Elizabeth Reaser , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Kate Siegel , and Victoria Pedretti as the adult counterparts of the siblings . Carla Gugino and Henry Thomas portray parents Olivia and Hugh Crain , with Timothy Hutton appearing as an older version of Hugh . The series premiered on Netflix on October 12 , 2018 . The Haunting of Hill House received critical acclaim , particularly for its acting , directing and production values , with many calling it an effective ghost story . A second season with a different story and characters titled The Haunting of Bly Manor , based on the 1898 novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James , is set to be released in 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Young Hugh Crain ( season 1 ) TBA ( season 2 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Series regular , first and second season', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Haunting_of_Bly_Manor', 'summary': 'The Haunting of Bly Manor is the upcoming second season of the American anthology supernatural horror drama web television series The Haunting of Hill House . The season is created and directed by Mike Flanagan for Netflix , and will be loosely based on the 1898 horror novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James . The Haunting of Bly Manor entered production on September 30 , 2019 , and is expected to premiere on Netflix in 2020 .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Girl in the Bunker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girl_in_the_Bunker', 'summary': 'Girl in the Bunker is a 2018 TV film that aired on Lifetime that told about the kidnapping of Elizabeth Shoaf at the hands of Vinson Filyaw . The film stars Julia Lalonde , Henry Thomas , and Moira Kelly . On June 3 , 2018 , a Special Edition of the TV movie was released that featured interview clips from the Girl in the Bunker : The Elizabeth Shoaf Story which followed its premiere .'}]}, {'value': 'Vinson Filyaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinson_Filyaw', 'summary': "Vinson Filyaw ( born December 15 , 1969 ) [ citation needed ] is an American former construction worker . He was convicted of kidnapping and raping Elizabeth Shoaf , a 14-year-old girl from Lugoff , South Carolina , in 2006 , holding her captive in an underground bunker . Filyaw had built the bunker to elude police who were seeking him for the rape of Amberly Rose Shook . [ citation needed ] A former girlfriend of Filyaw 's made an anonymous call to Kershaw County 's Department of Social Services that alerted the police to him . [ citation needed ] Filyaw 's girlfriend was also arrested on charges of aiding and abetting the abduction . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FBI : Most Wanted', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FBI:_Most_Wanted', 'summary': "FBI : Most Wanted is an American crime drama television series created by René Balcer that was ordered to series by CBS in May 2019 . It is a spin-off from Dick Wolf 's drama FBI , in whose first season the characters of the series were introduced . The series premiered on January 7 , 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Dr. Justin Brock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Dopesick', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stargirl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stargirl_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Stargirl is an upcoming American drama web television series , based on the DC Comics superhero Stargirl created by Geoff Johns and Lee Moder , that is set to premiere in early 2020 on DC Universe and The CW .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doctor_Mid-Nite', 'summary': "Doctor Mid-Nite ( also Doctor Midnight ) is a fictional superhero physician in DC Comics . The figure has been represented in the comics by three different individuals , Charles McNider , Beth Chapel , and Pieter Anton Cross . Dr. Mid-Nite was originally created by writer Charles Reizenstein and artist Stanley Josephs Aschmeier in 1941 . The hero , represented first by Charles McNider , appeared for the first time in All-American Comics # 25 ( April 1941 ) . Like many Golden Age heroic characters , the original Doctor Mid-Nite appeared as a member of DC 's Justice Society of America . His two successors were also represented as members of the group or an offshoot . Doctor Mid-Nite has never appeared as the solo protagonist of a regular title magazine , but the figure has been the subject of an anthology and a mini-series . All three versions of Doctor Mid-Nite have exhibited the same basic features : a cowled costume featuring a crescent moon symbol , keen ability to see in the darkness at the cost of near or total blindness in sunlight , the use of special visors and blackout smoke bombs to gain tactical advantage in combat , a high degree of skill in martial arts , and jobs as physicians serving both normal human beings and metahuman superheroes . Additionally , two of the doctors have been accompanied by sidekick owls . As a blind character , Doctor Mid-Nite is widely regarded as the first superhero in comics to exhibit a physical impairment , pre-dating the creation of Daredevil of Marvel Comics by more than twenty years . Dr. Mid-Nite made his live appearance on the second season of DC 's Legends of Tomorrow played by Kwesi Ameyaw . Doctor Mid-Nite will appear in the upcoming DC Universe series Stargirl and will be portrayed by Henry Thomas ."}]}, {'value': 'Recurring role', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Henry_Thomas_1', 'intro': "Henry Jackson Thomas Jr. (born September 9, 1971) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his breakout role as Elliott in Steven Spielberg's film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and his more recent recurring role in The Haunting of Hill House."}
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What year was the person born whose character is in the movie that Moira Kelly was in ?
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1969
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico', 'title': '15th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico', 'header': ['Senator', 'Party', 'District'], 'data': [{'value': 'Modesto Agosto Alicea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modesto_Agosto_Alicea', 'summary': 'Modesto Agosto Alicea ( December 7 , 1943 - October 22 , 2016 ) was a Puerto Rican politician and senator . He was a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1997 to 2005 representing the Popular Democratic Party ( PPD ) .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . V ( District 21-25 ) Ponce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ponce,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Ponce ( UK : /ˈpɒnseɪ/ , US : /ˈpɔːnseɪ , ˈpoʊn-/ , Spanish : [ ˈponse ] ( listen ) ) is both a city and a municipality on the southern coast of Puerto Rico . The city is the seat of the municipal government . Ponce , Puerto Rico 's most populated city outside the San Juan metropolitan area , was founded on 12 August 1692 [ note 1 ] and is named for Juan Ponce de León y Loayza , the great-grandson of Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León . [ note 2 ] Ponce is often referred to as La Perla del Sur ( The Pearl of the South ) , La Ciudad Señorial [ b ] ( The Manorial City [ c ] ) , and La Ciudad de las Quenepas ( Genip City ) . The city serves as the governmental seat of the autonomous municipality as well as the regional hub for various Government of Puerto Rico entities , such as the Judiciary of Puerto Rico . It is also the regional center for various other Commonwealth and Federal Government agencies . Ponce is a principal city of both the Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Ponce-Yauco-Coamo Combined Statistical Area . The Municipality of Ponce , officially the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce , is located in the southern coastal plain region of the island , south of Adjuntas , Utuado , and Jayuya ; east of Peñuelas ; west of Juana Díaz ; and bordered on the south by the Caribbean Sea . The municipality has a total of 31 barrios ( wards ) , including 19 outside the city 's urban area and 12 in the urban area of the city . The historic Ponce Pueblo district , located in the downtown area of the city , is shared by several of the downtown barrios , and is located approximately three miles ( 4.8 km ) inland from the shores of the Caribbean . The municipality of Ponce is the second largest in Puerto Rico by land area , and it was the first in Puerto Rico to obtain its autonomy , becoming the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce in 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lucy Arce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucy_Arce', 'summary': 'Luz Z. Lucy Arce Ferrer is a Puerto Rican politician . She is currently serving as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roberto Arango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Arango', 'summary': 'Roberto Arango-Vinent is a Cuban American politician who served in the Senate of Puerto Rico from January 2005 until August 2011 representing the San Juan district for the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico ( NPP ) , which is a conservative group derived from the Republican Statehood Party . During his tenure Arango voted for anti-gay legislation several times . He resigned his senate seat and withdrew from politics in 2011 after a series of nude photos were made public from the gay match website Grindr were made public , and stated that he had come to realise that he was gay . In 2014 he ran , unsuccessfully , for election again .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . I ( District 1-5 ) San Juan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "San Juan ( /ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn/ , Spanish : [ saŋ ˈxwan ] ; Saint John ) is the capital and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , an unincorporated territory of the United States . As of the 2010 census , it is the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States , with a population of 395,326 . San Juan was founded by Spanish colonists in 1521 , who called it Ciudad de Puerto Rico ( Rich Port City ) . Puerto Rico 's capital is the third oldest European-established capital city in the Americas , after Santo Domingo , in the Dominican Republic , founded in 1496 and Panama City , in Panama , founded in 1519 . Several historical buildings are located in San Juan ; among the most notable are the city 's former defensive forts , Fort San Felipe del Morro and Fort San Cristóbal , and La Fortaleza , the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the Americas . Today , San Juan is Puerto Rico 's most important seaport and is the island 's manufacturing , [ citation needed ] financial , cultural , and tourism center . The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area , including San Juan and the municipalities of Bayamón , Guaynabo , Cataño , Canóvanas , Caguas , Toa Alta , Toa Baja , Carolina and Trujillo Alto , is about 2.6 million inhabitants ; thus , about 80% of the population of Puerto Rico now lives and works in this area . San Juan is also a principal city of the San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area . The city has been the host of events within the sports community , including the 1979 Pan American Games ; 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games ; events of the 2006 , 2009 and 2013 World Baseball Classics ; the Caribbean Series and the Special Olympics and MLB San Juan Series in 2010 . The damage caused in 2017 by Hurricane Maria was extensive . Significant progress had been made in the capital by April 2019 , and particularly by October 2019 . This was significant for tourism , which had rebounded by October of that year and was close to the pre-Maria era ."}]}, {'value': 'Eudaldo Baez Galib', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eudaldo_Baez_Galib', 'summary': 'Eudaldo Báez Galib is a Puerto Rican politician and former senator . He was a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norma Burgos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norma_Burgos', 'summary': 'Norma E. Burgos Andújar is a Puerto Rican politician . She has been a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico since 2000 . She also served as the 16th Secretary of State under Governor Pedro Rosselló ( 1995-1999 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jose Luis Dalmau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jose_Luis_Dalmau', 'summary': 'José Luis Dalmau Santiago ( born September 19 , 1966 ) is a Puerto Rican attorney , politician and Senator . He is the current assistant party leader of the Popular Democratic Party in the Senate of Puerto Rico .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . VII ( District 31-35 ) Humacao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Humacao,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': 'Humacao ( Spanish pronunciation : [ umaˈka.o ] ) is a municipality in Puerto Rico located in the eastern coast of the island , north of Yabucoa ; south of Naguabo ; east of Las Piedras ; and west of Vieques Passage . Humacao is spread over 10 wards and Humacao Pueblo ( the downtown area and the administrative center of the city ) . It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Jorge de Castro Font', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jorge_de_Castro_Font', 'summary': 'Jorge Adolfo de Castro-Font ( born on September 10 , 1963 ) is a former Puerto Rican Senator and former member of the House of Representatives . Originally , he was a member of the Popular Democratic Party ( PPD ) but became an independent representative in 2001 after inner disputes with his party . In 2002 , he became a member of the New Progressive Party ( PNP ) and was elected Senator in 2004 and 2008 , despite inner struggles within the party and legal issues . In 2008 , De Castro Font was arrested by the FBI and subsequently charged with 21 charges of fraud and conspiracy . As a result , he was sentenced to 5 years in federal prison and 3 years probation .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Díaz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Díaz_(Senate_of_Puerto_Rico)', 'summary': 'Carlos Alberto Díaz Sánchez ( born February 6 , 1970 in San Juan , Puerto Rico ) is a Puerto Rican politician , and former member of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives and Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . I ( District 1-5 ) San Juan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "San Juan ( /ˌsæn ˈhwɑːn/ , Spanish : [ saŋ ˈxwan ] ; Saint John ) is the capital and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , an unincorporated territory of the United States . As of the 2010 census , it is the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States , with a population of 395,326 . San Juan was founded by Spanish colonists in 1521 , who called it Ciudad de Puerto Rico ( Rich Port City ) . Puerto Rico 's capital is the third oldest European-established capital city in the Americas , after Santo Domingo , in the Dominican Republic , founded in 1496 and Panama City , in Panama , founded in 1519 . Several historical buildings are located in San Juan ; among the most notable are the city 's former defensive forts , Fort San Felipe del Morro and Fort San Cristóbal , and La Fortaleza , the oldest executive mansion in continuous use in the Americas . Today , San Juan is Puerto Rico 's most important seaport and is the island 's manufacturing , [ citation needed ] financial , cultural , and tourism center . The population of the Metropolitan Statistical Area , including San Juan and the municipalities of Bayamón , Guaynabo , Cataño , Canóvanas , Caguas , Toa Alta , Toa Baja , Carolina and Trujillo Alto , is about 2.6 million inhabitants ; thus , about 80% of the population of Puerto Rico now lives and works in this area . San Juan is also a principal city of the San Juan-Caguas-Fajardo Combined Statistical Area . The city has been the host of events within the sports community , including the 1979 Pan American Games ; 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games ; events of the 2006 , 2009 and 2013 World Baseball Classics ; the Caribbean Series and the Special Olympics and MLB San Juan Series in 2010 . The damage caused in 2017 by Hurricane Maria was extensive . Significant progress had been made in the capital by April 2019 , and particularly by October 2019 . This was significant for tourism , which had rebounded by October of that year and was close to the pre-Maria era ."}]}, {'value': 'Antonio Fas Alzamora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Fas_Alzamora', 'summary': 'Antonio Tony J. Fas Alzamora ( born November 16 , 1948 in Cabo Rojo , Puerto Rico ) is a Puerto Rican politician and Senator . He is currently the longest-serving legislator in the history of Puerto Rico , having served in ten Legislative Assemblies , one House of Representatives ( from 1977 to 1980 ) , and nine Senates ( since 1980 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jose Garriga Pico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jose_Garriga_Pico', 'summary': 'José Garriga Picó ( born March 19 , 1948 ) is a Puerto Rican politician and former senator affiliated with the New Progressive Party ( PNP ) . He served as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 2005 to 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sila Mari González Calderón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sila_Mari_González_Calderón', 'summary': 'Sila María González Calderón ( born May 3 , 1965 on San Juan , Puerto Rico ) is a Puerto Rican attorney and former senator . She is the daughter of former Governor of Puerto Rico Sila Calderón , and served as her First Lady , along with her sister , María Elena . After that , she served as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 2005 to 2013 . She currently works as an attorney for the McConnell Valdés law firm .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jose Emilio Gonzalez Velazquez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jose_Emilio_Gonzalez_Velazquez', 'summary': 'José Emilio González Velázquez is a Puerto Rican politician and Senator . He has been a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico since 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . III ( District 11-15 ) Arecibo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arecibo,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Arecibo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aˈɾesiβo ] ) is a municipality on the northern coast of Puerto Rico , on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean , located north of Utuado and Ciales ; east of Hatillo ; and west of Barceloneta and Florida . It is about 50 miles ( 80 km ) west of San Juan , the capital city . Arecibo is the largest municipality in Puerto Rico by area , and is part of the San Juan , Caguas and Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is spread over 18 wards and Arecibo Pueblo ( the downtown area and the administrative center of the city ) . Its population in 2010 was 96,440 . The Arecibo Observatory , which until July 2016 was the world 's largest radio telescope , is located here . Arecibo is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arecibo ."}]}, {'value': 'Juan Hernandez Mayoral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Hernandez_Mayoral', 'summary': 'Juan Eugenio Hernández Mayoral ( born 21 April 1969 on Ponce , Puerto Rico ) is the Director of the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration ( PRFAA ) since 2 January 2013 and former Senator of Puerto Rico ( 2005-2011 ) . He is son of former three-term Governor of Puerto Rico Rafael Hernández Colón .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sixto Hernandez Serrano ( resigned in 2006 upon confirmation as appeals judge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sixto_Hernandez_Serrano', 'summary': 'Sixto Hernández Serrano ( born April 6 in San Lorenzo , Puerto Rico ) is a Puerto Rican politician , attorney , accountant , judge , and former senator . He was a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico since his first election in 2000 . He resigned in 2006 after being appointed to be an appeals judge . He represented the Popular Democratic Party ( PPD ) .'}]}, {'value': 'PDP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . VII ( District 31-35 ) Humacao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Humacao,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': 'Humacao ( Spanish pronunciation : [ umaˈka.o ] ) is a municipality in Puerto Rico located in the eastern coast of the island , north of Yabucoa ; south of Naguabo ; east of Las Piedras ; and west of Vieques Passage . Humacao is spread over 10 wards and Humacao Pueblo ( the downtown area and the administrative center of the city ) . It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Víctor David Loubriel ( resigned during 2nd day in office )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Víctor_David_Loubriel', 'summary': 'Víctor David Loubriel Ortiz is a Puerto Rican politician and former member of the Senate of Puerto Rico for the New Progressive Party ( PNP ) . Loubriel presented his candidacy for the Senate of Puerto Rico before 2004 . He ran for a candidate slot in the 2003 primaries obtaining the most votes in his district ( Arecibo ) . In the 2004 general election , Loubriel won a seat in the 23rd Senate of Puerto Rico to represent the district of Arecibo , along with José Emilio González Velázquez . Loubriel finished in second place , with 123,503 votes ( 24.8% ) , more than 6,000 votes over the third candidate . Loubriel gained notoriety when he resigned to his seat two days after being sworn in . His vacancy was filled by Pedro Rosselló , who had just lost his bid for a third term as governor . As senator , Rosselló led a power struggle against fellow senator and party member Kenneth McClintock for the presidency of the Senate . Because of this , several sources argued that Loubriel might have received money or benefits in exchange for his seat . Loubriel denied the charges .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . II ( District 11-15 ) Arecibo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arecibo,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Arecibo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aˈɾesiβo ] ) is a municipality on the northern coast of Puerto Rico , on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean , located north of Utuado and Ciales ; east of Hatillo ; and west of Barceloneta and Florida . It is about 50 miles ( 80 km ) west of San Juan , the capital city . Arecibo is the largest municipality in Puerto Rico by area , and is part of the San Juan , Caguas and Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is spread over 18 wards and Arecibo Pueblo ( the downtown area and the administrative center of the city ) . Its population in 2010 was 96,440 . The Arecibo Observatory , which until July 2016 was the world 's largest radio telescope , is located here . Arecibo is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arecibo ."}]}, {'value': 'Hector Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Héctor_Martínez_Maldonado', 'summary': 'Héctor Javier Martínez Maldonado ( born September 1 , 1968 ) is a former Puerto Rican politician , attorney and former senator of Puerto Rico . He served as senator of the District of Carolina from 2004 until 2011 . Martínez was convicted of bribery by a federal jury on March 8 , 2011 and is currently serving a four-year federal prison sentence after he resigned his seat on March 12 , 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . VII ( District 36-40 ) Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carolina,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Carolina ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kaɾoˈlina ] ) is a municipality located on the northeast coast of Puerto Rico . It lies immediately east of the capital San Juan and Trujillo Alto ; north of Gurabo and Juncos ; and west of Canóvanas and Loíza . Carolina is spread over 12 wards plus Carolina Pueblo ( the downtown area and administrative center ) . It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area , and home to Puerto Rico 's main airport , the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenneth McClintock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_McClintock', 'summary': 'Kenneth Davison McClintock-Hernández [ a ] ( born January 19 , 1957 ) is a politician who served as the twenty-second Secretary of State of Puerto Rico , one of the four longest serving in that post . McClintock served as co-chair of Hillary Clintons National Hispanic Leadership Council in 2008 , he co-chaired her successful Puerto Rico primary campaign that year and served as the Thirteenth President of the Senate of Puerto Rico until December 31 , 2008 . He chaired Luis Fortuños Incoming Committee on Government Transition in 2008 and the Outgoing Committee on Government Transition in 2012 , the only Puerto Rican to serve in both capacities . He was sworn into office as secretary of state on January 2 , 2009 , by Chief Justice Federico Hernández Denton , fulfilling the role of lieutenant governor ( first-in-line of succession ) in the island .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senator At-Large', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis Daniel Muñiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Daniel_Muñiz', 'summary': 'Luis Daniel Muñiz Cortés ( born July 7 , 1974 in Moca , Puerto Rico ) is a Puerto Rican politician and Senator . He has been a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico since 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . IV ( District 16-20 ) Mayaguez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayaguez,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': 'Mayagüez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maʝaˈɣwes ] ) is the eighth-largest municipality of Puerto Rico . It was founded as Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria , and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste ( The Sultaness of the West ) , Ciudad de las Aguas Puras ( City of Pure Waters ) , or Ciudad del Mangó ( City of the Mango ) . On April 6 , 1894 , the Spanish Crown gave it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez ( Excellent City of Mayagüez ) . Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico . It is a principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Mayagüez-San Germán-Cabo Rojo Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Margarita Nolasco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Margarita_Nolasco', 'summary': 'Margarita Nolasco Santiago is a Puerto Rican politician , Senator , and former Mayor of Coamo . She has been a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico since 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . VI ( District 26-30 ) Guayama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guayama,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': 'Guayama ( Spanish : [ ɡwaˈʝama ] ) , officially the Autonomous Municipality of Guayama ( Spanish : Municipio Autónomo de Guayama ) is a city and municipality on the Caribbean coast of Puerto Rico . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city had a population of 45,362 . It is the center of the Guayama metropolitan area , which was home to 84,214 in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Carlos Pagan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Pagan', 'summary': 'Carlos A. Pagán González ( born August 27 , 1954 in Mayagüez , Puerto Rico ) is a Puerto Rican politician and former senator . He served as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 1997 to 2009 , representing the New Progressive Party ( PNP ) .'}]}, {'value': 'NPP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'District Num . IV ( District 16-20 ) Mayaguez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayaguez,_Puerto_Rico', 'summary': 'Mayagüez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maʝaˈɣwes ] ) is the eighth-largest municipality of Puerto Rico . It was founded as Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria , and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste ( The Sultaness of the West ) , Ciudad de las Aguas Puras ( City of Pure Waters ) , or Ciudad del Mangó ( City of the Mango ) . On April 6 , 1894 , the Spanish Crown gave it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez ( Excellent City of Mayagüez ) . Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico . It is a principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Mayagüez-San Germán-Cabo Rojo Combined Statistical Area .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Members -- Senate', 'section_text': 'There are 17 NPP , 9 PDP , and 1 PIP in the higher chamber of the 15th Legislative Assembly', 'uid': '15th_Legislative_Assembly_of_Puerto_Rico_0', 'intro': 'The 15th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico meets from January 2, 2005, to January 1, 2009. All members of the House of Representatives and the Senate were elected in the General Elections of 2004. The House and the Senate both have a majority of members from the New Progressive Party. It was the second time in Puerto Rican history in which the majority of the Assembly was from a different party than of the Governor of Puerto Rico.'}
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Who represented the district that is home to Puerto Rico 's main airport ?
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Hector Martinez
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ff526f75a28784ac
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Maharashtra', 'title': 'List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra', 'header': ['Name ( Alphabetical )', 'Party', 'Date of Appointment', 'Date of Retirement', 'Term'], 'data': [{'value': 'Govindrao Adik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Govindrao_Adik', 'summary': 'Govindrao Wamanrao Adik ( 1939 - 7 June 2015 ) was a Rashtriya Sarchitnis of the Nationalist Congress Party and a Member of Parliament , in the Rajya Sabha . He began his political career as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) in Vaijapur Taluka in Aurangabad District and then in Shrirampur Taluka in Ahmednagar District .'}]}, {'value': 'Congress ( I )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congress(I)', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/08/1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Govindrao Adik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Govindrao_Adik', 'summary': 'Govindrao Wamanrao Adik ( 1939 - 7 June 2015 ) was a Rashtriya Sarchitnis of the Nationalist Congress Party and a Member of Parliament , in the Rajya Sabha . He began his political career as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) in Vaijapur Taluka in Aurangabad District and then in Shrirampur Taluka in Ahmednagar District .'}]}, {'value': 'Congress ( I )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congress(I)', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Govindrao Adik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Govindrao_Adik', 'summary': 'Govindrao Wamanrao Adik ( 1939 - 7 June 2015 ) was a Rashtriya Sarchitnis of the Nationalist Congress Party and a Member of Parliament , in the Rajya Sabha . He began his political career as a Member of the Legislative Assembly ( MLA ) in Vaijapur Taluka in Aurangabad District and then in Shrirampur Taluka in Ahmednagar District .'}]}, {'value': 'NCP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party', 'summary': 'The Nationalist Congress Party ( abbr . NCP ) is one of the eight national parties in India .'}]}, {'value': '04/08/2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sushila Adivarekar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sushila_Adivarekar', 'summary': 'Sushila Shankar Adivarekar ( née Desai ) was an Indian politician.She was a member of the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Parliament of India representing Maharashtra as a member of the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '18/09/1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sushila Adivarekar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sushila_Adivarekar', 'summary': 'Sushila Shankar Adivarekar ( née Desai ) was an Indian politician.She was a member of the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Parliament of India representing Maharashtra as a member of the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sushila Adivarekar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sushila_Adivarekar', 'summary': 'Sushila Shankar Adivarekar ( née Desai ) was an Indian politician.She was a member of the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Parliament of India representing Maharashtra as a member of the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'P. C. Alexander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/P._C._Alexander', 'summary': "Padinjarethalakal Cherian Alexander ( 20 March 1921 - 10 August 2011 ) was an Indian Administrative Service officer of 1948 batch who served as the Governor of Tamil Nadu from 1988 to 1990 and as the Governor of Maharashtra from 1993 to 2002 . He was considered as a candidate for the post of the President of India in 2002 . During his time in Maharashtra , he had additional charge of Goa from 1996 to 1998 . He was also a member of the Rajya Sabha representing Maharashtra as an independent candidate from 29 July 2002 to 2 April 2008 . His career included extended stints with the United Nations and India 's Ministry of Commerce and his high-profile appointment as the powerful Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India during Indira Gandhi . He also served as the Indian High Commissioner to the Court of St. James 's . His autobiography is Through the Corridors of Power . His other works include My years with Indira Gandhi , The Perils of Democracy , and India in the New Millennium ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29/07/2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abid_Ali_Jaferbhai', 'summary': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai ( 1899/1900 - 26 June 1973 ) was a leader of Congress ( I ) from Bombay , Maharashtra . He became a member of the Bombay Legislative Council in 1947 . He was a founder member of the Indian National Trade Union Congress and its Vice-President . As such , he was closely related to the Governing Body of the International Labour Office ( ILO ) . For four terms during 3 April 1952 to 3 April 1970 Abid Ali served as member of Rajya Sabha . He was Union Deputy Minister for Labour during 1952-1962 . He was born on in 1899 or 1900 . He died in 1973 and survived by three sons and one daughter . He was living in Mazgaon , Bombay'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abid_Ali_Jaferbhai', 'summary': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai ( 1899/1900 - 26 June 1973 ) was a leader of Congress ( I ) from Bombay , Maharashtra . He became a member of the Bombay Legislative Council in 1947 . He was a founder member of the Indian National Trade Union Congress and its Vice-President . As such , he was closely related to the Governing Body of the International Labour Office ( ILO ) . For four terms during 3 April 1952 to 3 April 1970 Abid Ali served as member of Rajya Sabha . He was Union Deputy Minister for Labour during 1952-1962 . He was born on in 1899 or 1900 . He died in 1973 and survived by three sons and one daughter . He was living in Mazgaon , Bombay'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abid_Ali_Jaferbhai', 'summary': 'Abid Ali Jaferbhai ( 1899/1900 - 26 June 1973 ) was a leader of Congress ( I ) from Bombay , Maharashtra . He became a member of the Bombay Legislative Council in 1947 . He was a founder member of the Indian National Trade Union Congress and its Vice-President . As such , he was closely related to the Governing Body of the International Labour Office ( ILO ) . For four terms during 3 April 1952 to 3 April 1970 Abid Ali served as member of Rajya Sabha . He was Union Deputy Minister for Labour during 1952-1962 . He was born on in 1899 or 1900 . He died in 1973 and survived by three sons and one daughter . He was living in Mazgaon , Bombay'}]}, {'value': 'Congress ( O )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congress(O)', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( Organisation ) or Congress ( O ) was a political party in India formed when the Congress party split following the expulsion of Indira Gandhi . On 12 November 1969 , the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was expelled from the Congress party for violating the party discipline . The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organization , which came to be known as Congress ( R ) . In the All India Congress Committee , 446 of its 705 members walked over to Indira 's side . The Indian National Congress ( Organisation ) was also occasionally informally referred to as the Syndicate and the Indira faction by Indicate . K Kamaraj and later Morarji Desai were the leaders of the INC ( O ) . INC ( O ) led governments in Bihar under Bhola Paswan Shastri , Karnataka under Veerendra Patil , and in Gujarat under Hitendra K Desai . It was also a part of the Janata Morcha that ruled Gujarat under Babubhai J. Patel from 1975-1976 during the emergency era . The split can in some ways be seen as a left-wing/right-wing division . Indira wanted to use a populist agenda in order to mobilize popular support for the party . The regional party elites , who formed the INC ( O ) , stood for a more right-wing agenda , and distrusted Soviet help . In the 1971 general election , the INC ( O ) won about 10% of the vote and 16 Lok Sabha seats , against 44% of the vote and 352 seats for Indira 's Congress ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Violet Alva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Violet_Alva', 'summary': 'Violet Alva ( 24 April 1908 - 20 November 1969 ) was an Indian lawyer , journalist and politician , and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha , and member of the Indian National Congress ( INC ) . She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Violet Alva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Violet_Alva', 'summary': 'Violet Alva ( 24 April 1908 - 20 November 1969 ) was an Indian lawyer , journalist and politician , and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha , and member of the Indian National Congress ( INC ) . She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jagannath Sitaram Akarte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jagannath_Sitaram_Akarte', 'summary': 'Jagannath Sitaram Akarte was a leader of Congress ( I ) from Amravati , Maharashtra , India . He was a lawyer by profession and was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 5 July 1980 to 4 July 1986 . He was born on 14 September 1906 and married to Shrimati Shantabai Akarte . He was also a Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Council from 1962 to 68 . He was survived by six sons and one daughter .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '05/07/1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04/07/1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr B. R. Ambedkar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar', 'summary': "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar ( 14 April 1891 - 6 December 1956 ) , also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar , was an Indian jurist , economist , politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables ( Dalits ) . He was independent India 's first law and justice minister , the major architect of the Constitution of India . Ambedkar was a prolific student , earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics , and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law , economics and political science . In his early career he was an economist , professor , and lawyer . His later life was marked by his political activities ; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India 's independence , publishing journals , advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits , and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India . In 1956 he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits . In 1990 , the Bharat Ratna , India 's highest civilian award , was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar . Ambedkar 's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture ."}]}, {'value': 'Others', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03/04/1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr B. R. Ambedkar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar', 'summary': "Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar ( 14 April 1891 - 6 December 1956 ) , also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar , was an Indian jurist , economist , politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables ( Dalits ) . He was independent India 's first law and justice minister , the major architect of the Constitution of India . Ambedkar was a prolific student , earning doctorates in economics from both Columbia University and the London School of Economics , and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law , economics and political science . In his early career he was an economist , professor , and lawyer . His later life was marked by his political activities ; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India 's independence , publishing journals , advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits , and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India . In 1956 he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits . In 1990 , the Bharat Ratna , India 's highest civilian award , was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar . Ambedkar 's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture ."}]}, {'value': 'Others', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03/04/1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': '06/12/1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. R. Antulay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._R._Antulay', 'summary': 'Abdul Rahman Antulay ( 9 February 1929 - 2 December 2014 ) was an Indian politician . Antulay was a union minister for Minority Affairs and a Member of Parliament in the 14th Lok Sabha of India . Earlier he had been the Chief Minister of the state of Maharashtra , but was forced to resign after being convicted by the Bombay High Court on charges that he had extorted money for a trust fund he managed . Antulay belonged to the Congress party . In the 2009 Indian general elections , he lost to Anant Geete from the Raigad Lok Sabha constituency of Maharashtra .'}]}, {'value': 'INC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '03/07/1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tariq Anwar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tariq_Anwar_(politician)', 'summary': 'Tariq Anwar ( born 16 January 1951 ) is an Indian politician as member of the Indian National Congress ( INC ) . He served as the Minister of State of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries between 2012 and 2014 . Anwar has been a member of the Indian Parliament for more than three decades - elected five times to the Lok Sabha , the lower house , from Katihar , and two times to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house , from Maharashtra . He quit the INC over a presidency dispute of the party in 1999 and formed the Nationalist Congress Party along with Sharad Pawar and P. A. Sangma , before resigning 19 years after , and re-joining the INC in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'NCP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party', 'summary': 'The Nationalist Congress Party ( abbr . NCP ) is one of the eight national parties in India .'}]}, {'value': '05/07/2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04/07/2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tariq Anwar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tariq_Anwar_(politician)', 'summary': 'Tariq Anwar ( born 16 January 1951 ) is an Indian politician as member of the Indian National Congress ( INC ) . He served as the Minister of State of Agriculture and Food Processing Industries between 2012 and 2014 . Anwar has been a member of the Indian Parliament for more than three decades - elected five times to the Lok Sabha , the lower house , from Katihar , and two times to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house , from Maharashtra . He quit the INC over a presidency dispute of the party in 1999 and formed the Nationalist Congress Party along with Sharad Pawar and P. A. Sangma , before resigning 19 years after , and re-joining the INC in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'NCP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party', 'summary': 'The Nationalist Congress Party ( abbr . NCP ) is one of the eight national parties in India .'}]}, {'value': '05/07/2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '04/07/2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Balavant Apte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balavant_Apte', 'summary': 'Balavant Apte , also called Bal Apte and Balasaheb Apte ( 18 January 1939 - 17 July 2012 ) was a lawyer , politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) and a member of the Parliament of India representing Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Indian Parliament . He was a MA LLM . He died on 17 July 2012 at Hinduja Hospital in Mumbai .'}]}, {'value': 'BJP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhartiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '03/04/2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02/04/2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Alphabetical List of all Members from Maharashtra since 1952', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Maharashtra_1', 'intro': 'The Rajya Sabha (meaning the Council of States) is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Maharashtra elects 19 seats and they are indirectly elected by the state legislators of Maharashtra. Earlier since 1952, Bombay State elects 17 seats, Madhya Pradesh State elects 12 seats, Hyderabad State 11 seats and Mysore State elect 6 seats. After Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act of 1956, Bombay State elects 27 seats. After Bombay Reorganisation Act of 1960, three seats were increased and effective from 1 May 1960, while new Maharashtra State elects 19 seats, the new Gujarat State elects 11 seats. The number of seats allocated to the party, are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using Single transferable vote with proportional representation.'}
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Of the members that served at least three stretches how many were women ?
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hill_transmitting_station', 'title': 'Black Hill transmitting station', 'header': ['Frequency', 'UHF', 'kW', 'Operator', 'System'], 'data': [{'value': '562.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'COM7 ( ARQ C )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arqiva', 'summary': 'Arqiva /ɑːrˈkiːvə/ is a British telecommunications company which provides infrastructure and broadcast transmission facilities in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland , along with commercial WiFi and smart meter facilities for Scotland and the north of England . The company headquarters is located at Crawley Court in the village of Crawley , Hampshire , just outside Winchester . Its main customers are broadcasters and mobile phone network operators , and its main asset is a network of over 1,000 radio and television transmission sites . It is owned by a consortium of investors led by CPP ( Canada Pension Plan ) and the Australian investment house Macquarie Bank . Arqiva is a patron of The Radio Academy . Through its NOW Digital subsidiary , it operates various local digital radio ensembles .'}]}, {'value': 'DVB-T2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DVB-T2', 'summary': 'DVB-T2 is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting - Second Generation Terrestrial ; it is the extension of the television standard DVB-T , issued by the consortium DVB , devised for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television . DVB has been standardized by ETSI . This system transmits compressed digital audio , video , and other data in physical layer pipes ( PLPs ) , using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding and interleaving . The higher offered bit rate , with respect to its predecessor DVB-T , makes it a system suited for carrying HDTV signals on the terrestrial TV channel ( though many broadcasters still use plain DVB-T for this purpose ) . As of 2019 [ update ] , it was implemented in broadcasts in the United Kingdom ( Freeview HD , eight channels across two multiplexes , plus an extra multiplex in Northern Ireland carrying three SD channels ) , Italy ( Europa 7 HD , twelve channels ) , Finland ( 21 channels , five in HD ) , Germany ( six HD ( 1080p50 ) channels , with 40 in planning ) , the Netherlands ( Digitenne , 30 HD ( 1080p50 ) channels ) , Sweden ( five channels ) , Thailand ( 41 SD , 9 HD channels ) Flanders ( 18 SD Channels ) , Serbia ( eight channels ) , Ukraine ( 32 SD and HD channels in four nationwide multiplexes ) , Croatia ( two pay-TV multiplexes , one experimental multiplex to be used for regular TV broadcasting in HEVC and 1080p50 once legacy DVB-T transmissions cease ) , Denmark ( two pay-TV multiplexes with 20 channels ) , Romania ( 8 SD channels , 1 HD channel ) and some other countries .'}]}, {'value': '586.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'COM8 ( ARQ D )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DVB-T2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '626.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PSB3 ( BBC B )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC', 'summary': "The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster , London . It is the world 's oldest national broadcaster , and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees . It employs over 22,000 staff in total , more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting . The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time , flexible , and fixed-contract staff are included . The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households , companies , and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up . The fee is set by the British Government , agreed by Parliament , and used to fund the BBC 's radio , TV , and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK . Since 1 April 2014 , it has also funded the BBC World Service ( launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service ) , which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV , radio , and online services in Arabic and Persian . Around a quarter of BBC 's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios ( formerly BBC Worldwide ) , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC 's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News , and from BBC.com , provided by BBC Global News Ltd . In 2009 , the company was awarded the Queen 's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements . From its inception , through the Second World War ( where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation ) , to the 21st century , the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture ."}]}, {'value': 'DVB-T2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '634.166 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '41+', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'COM4 ( SDN )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S4C_Digital_Networks', 'summary': 'S4C Digital Networks ( SDN ) is a company that operates one of the six multiplexes of channels on digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom . It is now wholly owned by ITV plc .'}]}, {'value': 'DVB-T', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DVB-T', 'summary': 'DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial ; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in February , 1998 . This system transmits compressed digital audio , digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream , using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ( COFDM or OFDM ) modulation . It is also the format widely used worldwide ( including North America ) for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video and audio from a mobile newsgathering vehicle to a central receive point . It is also used in the US by Amateur television operators .'}]}, {'value': '650.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '43', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PSB2 ( D3 & 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Digital_3&4', 'summary': 'Digital 3 & 4 is a consortium consisting of ITV plc , STV Group plc and the Channel Four Television Corporation , which operates a multiplex broadcasting from a number of transmitter sites in the United Kingdom , carrying television and radio channels , together with interactive services , from both ITV and Channel 4 . Unlike other multiplexes , the regional ITV broadcaster has control over which services are to be broadcast on their allotted amount of the capacity , leading to small regional differences across the country .'}]}, {'value': 'DVB-T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '658.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '44', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'COM5 ( ARQ A )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DVB-T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '674.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '46', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PSB1 ( BBC A )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DVB-T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '682.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '47', 'urls': []}, {'value': '100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'COM6 ( ARQ B )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DVB-T', 'urls': []}, {'value': '754.000 MHz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertz', 'summary': "The hertz ( symbol : Hz ) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units ( SI ) and is defined as one cycle per second . It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz , the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . Hertz are commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz ( 103 Hz , kHz ) , megahertz ( 106 Hz , MHz ) , gigahertz ( 109 Hz , GHz ) , terahertz ( 1012 Hz , THz ) , petahertz ( 1015 Hz , PHz ) , exahertz ( 1018 Hz , EHz ) , and zettahertz ( 1021 Hz , ZHz ) . Some of the unit 's most common uses are in the description of sine waves and musical tones , particularly those used in radio- and audio-related applications . It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven . The units are sometimes also used as a representation of energy , via the photon energy equation ( E=hν ) , with one hertz equivalent to h joules ."}]}, {'value': '56', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LTVmux', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DVB-T', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Digital television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Black_Hill_transmitting_station_2', 'intro': "The Black Hill transmitting station is a facility for FM and TV broadcasting at Black Hill (grid reference NS828647), on Duntilland Road, Salsburgh, North Lanarkshire, Scotland which is near the town of Airdrie. It has a guyed mast 306.6 m (1,006 ft) tall, bringing the antennas to a height of 540 m (1,770 ft) above sea level. It was built, by the Independent Television Authority (ITA), in 1957 and is now owned and operated by Arqiva. The present mast is the second to have been built at the site. The first, built in 1957 brought the Independent Television service to Central Scotland and opened for service on 31 August 1957. However, complex anomalies in the behaviour of the antenna caused its performance to be less than predicted, and the decision was taken in 1959 to replace the mast with a higher structure and a more conventional aerial on the outside of the mast rather than inside as had been the case with the first mast. The original 750 foot mast was then dismantled and later used at the Selkirk transmitting station in the Borders where it still stands. The transmitter was originally a B group but with the advent of Digital two of the 6 muxes then went out of band and required an E group (or wideband) aerial if reception of these was required. At DSO in 2011 it returned to the B group though with the eventual addition of MUXES 7 and 8 it technically became a K group. At Blackhill's 700MHz clearance in Sept 2018 it more or less returned to the B group, but, because its output has (since DSO) been fairly close to the B group at all times a B, K or E group (or a wideband) aerial would work for most areas (see graph). Black Hill has the fifth greatest population coverage with a figure of around 2.5 million. Between 1961 and the end of the 405 line ITV service in 1985, the Black Hill aerial had the highest effective radiated power of any transmitter in the ITV network with 475 kW radiated towards Dundee."}
| null | null |
What is the operator of the system that transmits compressed digital audio , video , and other data in physical layer pipes ( PLPs ) , using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding and interleaving ?
|
ARQ
|
ff53509472c5236d
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Maltese_football_transfers_summer_2009', 'title': 'List of Maltese football transfers summer 2009', 'header': ['Name', 'Moving from', 'Moving to'], 'data': [{'value': 'Antonio Vieira', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Floriana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Floriana_F.C.', 'summary': 'Floriana Football Club is a Maltese football club in the town of Floriana that currently plays in the Maltese Premier League . In all , Floriana F.C . has won 25 national leagues and 20 FA Trophies . It is also the only team from Malta to have qualified from the qualifying rounds to the first round proper of the UEFA Champions League , in the 1993-94 season .'}]}, {'value': 'released', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Zammit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Zammit_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Paul Zammit ( born 21 September 1969 ) is a Maltese manager and a former footballer , current coach of Gżira United . During his career he played as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Valletta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valletta_F.C.', 'summary': "Valletta Football Club is a professional football club based in Valletta , the capital city of Malta , and competes in the Maltese Premier League , the top flight of Maltese football . The club was founded in 1943 after a merge of Valletta Prestons , Valletta St. Paul 's and Valletta United , the latter being a two-time league winner before the Second World War . Considered as one of the most supported and successful clubs in Maltese football , the club has won 25 league titles , 14 FA Trophies and a record 13 Super Cups ."}]}, {'value': 'released', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ton Caanen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ton_Caanen', 'summary': 'Ton Caanen ( born March 18 , 1966 in Geleen , Netherlands ) is a Dutch football manager .'}]}, {'value': 'free agent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valletta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valletta_F.C.', 'summary': "Valletta Football Club is a professional football club based in Valletta , the capital city of Malta , and competes in the Maltese Premier League , the top flight of Maltese football . The club was founded in 1943 after a merge of Valletta Prestons , Valletta St. Paul 's and Valletta United , the latter being a two-time league winner before the Second World War . Considered as one of the most supported and successful clubs in Maltese football , the club has won 25 league titles , 14 FA Trophies and a record 13 Super Cups ."}]}, {'value': 'John Buttigieg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Buttigieg_(footballer)', 'summary': 'John Buttigieg ( born 5 October 1963 ) is a Maltese football manager , coach and former player . As a player , he is best remembered for his eight-year spells in the Maltese Premier League with Sliema Wanderers and Floriana . He also played in England for Brentford and Swindon Town and won 97 caps for the Malta national team . After retiring as a player , he managed Birkirkara , Sliema Wanderers and Malta .'}]}, {'value': 'Birkirkara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birkirkara_F.C.', 'summary': 'Birkirkara Football Club is a football club based in the town of Birkirkara , the largest town on the island of Malta . The club was formed in 1950 , following the amalgamation of Birkirkara United and Birkirkara Celtic . Birkirkara currently play in the Maltese Premier League , which it has won on four occasions , most recently in the 2012-13 season . Birkirkara is one of the founding members of the European Club Association .'}]}, {'value': 'released', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Zammit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Zammit_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Paul Zammit ( born 21 September 1969 ) is a Maltese manager and a former footballer , current coach of Gżira United . During his career he played as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'free agent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birkirkara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birkirkara_F.C.', 'summary': 'Birkirkara Football Club is a football club based in the town of Birkirkara , the largest town on the island of Malta . The club was formed in 1950 , following the amalgamation of Birkirkara United and Birkirkara Celtic . Birkirkara currently play in the Maltese Premier League , which it has won on four occasions , most recently in the 2012-13 season . Birkirkara is one of the founding members of the European Club Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Roddy Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roddy_Collins', 'summary': 'Roderick Collins ( born 7 August 1962 in Dublin ) , is a former Irish professional football player and manager .'}]}, {'value': 'free agent', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Floriana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Floriana_F.C.', 'summary': 'Floriana Football Club is a Maltese football club in the town of Floriana that currently plays in the Maltese Premier League . In all , Floriana F.C . has won 25 national leagues and 20 FA Trophies . It is also the only team from Malta to have qualified from the qualifying rounds to the first round proper of the UEFA Champions League , in the 1993-94 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Gorg Faure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vittoriosa Stars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vittoriosa_Stars_F.C.', 'summary': 'Vittoriosa Stars Football Club are a Maltese football club from the seaside town of Birgu , which currently plays in the Maltese First Division . They were founded in 1906 .'}]}, {'value': 'released', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winston Muscat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Patrick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Patrick_F.C.', 'summary': 'Żabbar St. Patrick Football Club is a Maltese football club from the town of Żabbar , which currently plays in the Maltese Second Division . The club was founded in 1912 .'}]}, {'value': 'Vittoriosa Stars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vittoriosa_Stars_F.C.', 'summary': 'Vittoriosa Stars Football Club are a Maltese football club from the seaside town of Birgu , which currently plays in the Maltese First Division . They were founded in 1906 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Manager transfers', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Maltese_football_transfers_summer_2009_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of Maltese football transfers for the 2009-10 summer transfer window by club. Only transfers of clubs in the Maltese Premier League are included. However, this includes those clubs that may be moved to a different division during the season. The summer transfer window will open on 1 July 2009, although a few transfers may take place prior to that date. The window will close at midnight on 31 August 2009. Players without a club may join one at any time, either during or in between transfer windows.'}
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Which club is coached by the former player released from the club based in the capital city of Malta ?
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Gżira United
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ff54a0cc0135737b
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Genesee_County,_New_York', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Classical School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Classical_School', 'summary': 'The former Alexander Classical School , today Alexander Town Hall , is located on Buffalo Street in Alexander , New York , United States . It is a three-story cobblestone building erected in the 1830s . It has a number of distinctions among cobblestone buildings , many of which are located in the region of New York south of Lake Ontario where the cobblestones used were sourced . It is one of the few to reach three stories high , and one of the few originally designed for educational purposes . It is the only one anywhere in North America currently used as a public building . The upper floor serves as a local history museum . First home to a private school , it later became a public school building after the private school failed . When that ended , the building became the town hall . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 , the southernmost listing in Genesee County and the only cobblestone building listed in the county .'}]}, {'value': 'October 25 , 1973 ( # 73001191 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo St. 42°54′08″N 78°15′34″W / 42.902222°N 78.259444°W / 42.902222 ; -78.259444 ( Alexander Classical School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_(village),_New_York', 'summary': 'Alexander is a village in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 509 at the 2010 census . The village is named after early settler , Alexander Rea . The village of Alexander is within the town of Alexander . The village is in the south-central part of the town , south of Batavia . Alexander is one of only twelve villages in New York still incorporated under a charter , the other villages having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law .'}]}, {'value': 'Rare three-story-tall cobblestone structure , only one listed in county , was built as boarding school in 1837 . Later it became a public school , and then town hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cobblestone_architecture', 'summary': 'Cobblestone architecture refers to the use of cobblestones embedded in mortar as method for erecting walls on houses and commercial buildings . It was frequently used in the northeastern United States and upper Midwest in the early 19th century ; the greatest concentration of surviving cobblestone buildings is in New York State .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia_Cemetery', 'summary': "Batavia Cemetery is located on Harvester Avenue in Batavia , New York , United States . It opened in 1823 and contains over 8,000 graves , mostly from the 19th century . In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places , the first of two cemeteries in Genesee County to be so designated . The first graves were some of the city 's early settlers , moved from another graveyard that had become too full . Originally it was run by nearby St. James ' Episcopal Church , but when the cemetery became too big an independent Batavia Cemetery Association was formed . It has operated the cemetery ever since . Joseph Ellicott , the agent for the Holland Land Company , who shaped Western New York in its early years and laid out the cities of Batavia and Buffalo , is buried under a large monument . Other notable markers commemorate Anti-Masonic activist William Morgan , American Fourierist Albert Brisbane and his son Arthur , a prominent newspaper editor in the yellow journalism era ; Civil War General John H. Martindale and New York Central Railroad president Dean Richmond . Other notable burials include some local congressmen ."}]}, {'value': 'April 8 , 2002 ( # 02000309 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harvester Ave. 42°59′36″N 78°10′17″W / 42.993333°N 78.171389°W / 42.993333 ; -78.171389 ( Batavia Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia_(city),_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': 'Burials since 1823 include Joseph Ellicott , Albert and Arthur Brisbane , and large mausoleum of Dean Richmond . Tall monument near south side commemorates disappearance of Anti-Mason William Morgan in 1824', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Ellicott', 'summary': 'Joseph Ellicott ( November 1 , 1760 in Bucks County , Pennsylvania - August 19 , 1826 in New York City ) was an American surveyor , city planner , land office agent , lawyer and politician of the Quaker faith .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Albert_Brisbane', 'summary': 'Albert Brisbane ( August 22 , 1809 - May 1 , 1890 ) was an American utopian socialist and is remembered as the chief popularizer of the theories of Charles Fourier in the United States . Brisbane was the author of several books , notably Social Destiny of Man ( 1840 ) , as well as the Fourierist periodical The Phalanx . He also founded the Fourierist Society in New York in 1839 and backed several other phalanx communes in the 1840s and 1850s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane', 'summary': 'Arthur Brisbane ( December 12 , 1864 - December 25 , 1936 ) was one of the best known American newspaper editors of the 20th century as well as a real estate investor . He was also a speech writer , orator , and public relations professional who coached many famous businesspeople of his time in the field of public relations , particularly Henry Ford , Thomas Edison and John D. Rockefeller .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dean_Richmond', 'summary': "Dean Richmond ( 1804-1866 ) was Batavia , New York 's railroad magnate , director of the Utica and Buffalo Railroad Company , First Vice President of the New York Central Railroad , and from 1864 to 1866 , president of the New York Central . He was born in the town of Barnard , Vermont , on March 31 , 1804 , and was a son of Hathaway and Rachel Dean Richmond . His father moved the family to Syracuse , New York , where he was engaged in the early salt industry . His father died when Dean was only fourteen years of age . Richmond became involved with the passenger steamship business on the Hudson River in 1834 , and was a member of the Hudson River Steamboat Association , a cartel which sought a monopoly on passenger traffic between New York City and Albany . He expanded the salt business and , in 1842 , he moved to Buffalo , New York , where he established a commission and transportation business . With these businesses , he became one of the wealthiest and most influential citizens of the Great Lakes region . He became a director in the Utica and Buffalo Railroad Company and with the completion of the direct line to Batavia , he took up his residence there . With the establishment of the New York Central Railroad Company in 1853 , he was chosen the first vice-president of the company , and held that position until 1864 , when he was elected president upon the retirement of Erastus Corning . He was also elected president of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway . He served as chairman of the Democratic State Committee from 1857 to his death in 1866 . In the summer of 1866 , after attending the State convention at Saratoga , he accompanied Samuel J. Tilden on a trip to Washington and Philadelphia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anti-Masonry', 'summary': 'Anti-Masonry ( alternatively called anti-Freemasonry ) is avowed opposition to Freemasonry . However , there is no homogeneous anti-Masonic movement . Anti-Masonry consists of radically differing criticisms from sometimes incompatible groups who are hostile to Freemasonry in some form .'}, {'url': '/wiki/William_Morgan_(anti-Mason)', 'summary': "William Morgan ( 1774 - c. 1826 ) was a resident of Batavia , New York , whose disappearance and presumed murder in 1826 ignited a powerful movement against the Freemasons , a fraternal society that had become influential in the United States . After Morgan announced his intention to publish a book exposing Freemasonry 's secrets , he was arrested on trumped-up charges . He disappeared soon after , and was believed to have been kidnapped and killed by Masons from western New York . The allegations surrounding Morgan 's disappearance and presumed death sparked a public outcry and inspired Thurlow Weed and others to harness the discontent by founding the new Anti-Masonic Party in opposition to President Andrew Jackson 's Democrats . It ran a presidential candidate in 1832 but was nearly defunct by 1835 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia_Club', 'summary': 'The Batavia Club building , built originally as the Bank of Genesee , is on the corner of East Main ( New York state routes 5 and 33 ) and Bank streets in Batavia , New York , United States . It is a brick Federal style building from the 1830s , one of the few remaining examples in New York of a commercial building in that style from that period . Of the two extant works in New York of Rochester architect-builder Hezekiah Eldredge , it is the less restrained , serving as a bank and a residence for the cashier . The Batavia Club purchased the building in 1886 and used it for many years . In 1973 , it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . After the club moved out in 2000 , it became the Seymour Place facility of GO ART ! , the Genesee-Orleans Regional Arts Council .'}]}, {'value': 'June 19 , 1973 ( # 73001192 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Main and Bank Sts . 42°59′51″N 78°10′55″W / 42.9975°N 78.181944°W / 42.9975 ; -78.181944 ( Batavia Club )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': '1831 Federal style brick building , originally a bank and now an arts center , is one of only two extant Hezekiah Eldredge buildings in New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federal_style', 'summary': 'Federal-style architecture is the name for the classicizing architecture built in the newly founded United States between c. 1780 and 1830 , and particularly from 1785 to 1815 . This style shares its name with its era , the Federalist Era . The name Federal style is also used in association with furniture design in the United States of the same time period . The style broadly corresponds to the classicism of Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands , Regency architecture in Britain and to the French Empire style .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hezekiah_Eldredge', 'summary': "Hezekiah Eldredge ( April 3 , 1795 - August 25 , 1845 ) was an early American architect . Born in South Mansfield , Connecticut , he moved to New York then on to Cleveland , Ohio . He became known as a fine carpenter and because of his skills later turned to building design and contracting . In Rochester , he completed the Batavia Club in 1831 . Moving to Cleveland , he began building St. John 's Episcopal Church in 1836 , which he completed in 1838 . Eldridge was a charter member of St. John 's and a member of the Vestry . Eldredge was probably familiar with John Henry Hopkins ' An Essay on Gothic Architecture , the first book on Gothic ecclesiastical architecture to be published in the United States . St. John 's is a good representative of a small group of American churches inspired by Hopkins ' book . Eldredge died in Cleveland in 1845 ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia Veterans Administration Hospital', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia_Veterans_Administration_Hospital', 'summary': "Batavia Veterans Administration Hospital is a historic hospital and national historic district located at Batavia in Genesee County , New York . The district includes 15 contributing buildings , 1 contributing site , 1 contributing structure , and 3 contributing objects . They were built or utilized during the period 1932 to 1950 . The Veterans Administration opened the facility in 1934 , as a regional veteran 's hospital . It was later converted to a tuberculosis sanitarium . The original hospital buildings built in 1932 include the main building , kitchen / dining hall / attendant 's quarters , recreation building , nurses ' quarters , manager 's quarters , officer 's duplex quarters , laundry , storehouse , boiler house , transformer and animal house , station garage , and the sewage pump house . The administration building was added in 1939 . The buildings are constructed of brick and feature decorative elements reflective of the Colonial Revival and Classical Revival styles . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'March 27 , 2012 ( # 12000160 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '222 Richmond Ave. 43°00′42″N 78°11′59″W / 43.0117°N 78.199602°W / 43.0117 ; -78.199602 ( Batavia Veterans Administration Hospital )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia_(city),_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': 'United States Second Generation Veterans Hospitals Multiple Property Submission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Multiple_Property_Submission', 'summary': "The National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) is the United States federal government 's official list of districts , sites , buildings , structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance . A property listed in the National Register , or located within a National Register Historic District , may qualify for tax incentives derived from the total value of expenses incurred in preserving the property . The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act ( NHPA ) in 1966 established the National Register and the process for adding properties to it . Of the more than one million properties on the National Register , 80,000 are listed individually . The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts . For most of its history , the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service ( NPS ) , an agency within the United States Department of the Interior . Its goals are to help property owners and interest groups , such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation , as well as coordinate , identify and protect historic sites in the United States . While National Register listings are mostly symbolic , their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties . Protection of the property is not guaranteed . During the nomination process , the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places . The application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation , as well as the public and politicians . Occasionally , historic sites outside the country proper , but associated with the United States ( such as the American Embassy in Tangiers ) are also listed ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Presbyterian Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Batavia,_New_York)', 'summary': "The First Presbyterian Church in Batavia , New York , United States , is located at East Main ( New York state routes 5 and 33 ) and Liberty streets . It is a joined complex of several buildings . The main one , the church 's sanctuary , is a limestone Gothic Revival structure built in the mid-19th century . Its congregation was the first church to be organized in Batavia , albeit as a Congregationalist group at that time . Over the next century various improvements and expansions would be made , using later architectural styles , reflecting changing styles of American Protestant worship . This transition was completed with changes to the sanctuary in the mid-20th century . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'December 6 , 2004 ( # 04001339 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '300 E. Main St. 42°59′55″N 78°10′46″W / 42.998611°N 78.179444°W / 42.998611 ; -78.179444 ( First Presbyterian Church )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': 'Church complex built from 1854-1919 reflects changing styles of American Protestant worship', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Presbyterian Church of Le Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_of_Le_Roy', 'summary': 'First Presbyterian Church of Le Roy is a historic Presbyterian church located at Le Roy , Genesee County , New York . The church was built about 1825-1826 , in the traditional meeting house style and consisted of a gable-roofed main block with a bell tower and an engaged center pavilion . It was later renovated in the Italianate style in 1866 . Additions were made to the original building in 1898-1899 , 1913 , and 1951 and , between about 1929 and 1951 , the current Roman Doric portico was added . The 1913 Sunday School addition designed by Claude Bragdon , the portico , and the 1951 Elizabeth Allen Olmsted Memorial Hall are in the Colonial Revival style . Also on the property is the contributing former manse ; a two-story Queen Anne-style brick building built about 1880.:3 , 15 It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 10 , 2014 ( # 14000577 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 Clay St. 42°58′38″N 77°59′40″W / 42.9771491°N 77.9945001°W / 42.9771491 ; -77.9945001 ( First Presbyterian Church of Le Roy )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy_(village),_New_York', 'summary': 'Le Roy is a village in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 4,391 at the 2010 census . The village lies in the center of the town of Le Roy at the intersection of Routes 5 and 19 .'}]}, {'value': '1825 church houses one of the earliest surviving congregations in area , established 1812', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Genesee County Courthouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Genesee_County_Courthouse', 'summary': 'The Genesee County Courthouse is located at the intersection of Main ( New York state routes 5 and 33 ) and Ellicott ( NY 63 ) streets in Batavia , New York , United States . It is a three-story Greek Revival limestone structure built in the 1840s . It replaced an older timber frame courthouse near the current site , which served what was at that time the entire Holland Purchase , the vast tract that is today Western New York . At the time the courthouse was built , the county had been reduced to its current size by the creation of 10 other counties from the purchase . Construction materials were all sourced locally . Later it underwent some minor renovations . While Genesee County has subsequently built additional court facilities nearby where most judicial activity takes place , it is still used for some court purposes as well as offices for the county manager , attorney and the meeting place of the county legislature . In 1973 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Nine years later , in 1982 , when the Genesee County Courthouse Historic District was added to the Register , the courthouse was again included as a contributing property .'}]}, {'value': 'June 18 , 1973 ( # 73001193 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Main and Ellicott Sts . 42°59′52″N 78°11′14″W / 42.997778°N 78.187222°W / 42.997778 ; -78.187222 ( Genesee County Courthouse )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': 'Greek Revival limestone building from 1843 replaced original courthouse thad at one point had served entire Holland Purchase . Local materials used in construction ; serves as focal point of courthouse historic district and western gateway to downtown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holland_Purchase', 'summary': "The Phelps and Gorham Purchase was the purchase in 1788 of 6,000,000 acres ( 24,000 km2 ) of land in what is now western New York State from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for $ 1,000,000 ( £300,000 ) , to be paid in three annual installments , and the pre-emptive right to the title on the land from the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy for $ 5000 ( £12,500 ) . A syndicate formed by Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham bought preemptive rights to 6,000,000-acre ( 24,000 km2 ) in New York , west of Seneca Lake between Lake Ontario and the Pennsylvania border , from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . Phelps and Gorham then negotiated with the Seneca nation and other Iroquois tribes to obtain clear title for the entire parcel . They acquired title to only about 2,000,000 acres ( 8,100 km2 ) east of the Genesee River plus the 12 miles ( 19 km ) by 24 miles ( 39 km ) Mill Yard Tract along the river 's northwestern bank . Within a year , monetary values rose and , in combination with poor sales , the syndicate was unable to make the second of three payments for the land west of the Genesee River , forcing them to default on exercising the remainder of the purchase agreement . They were also forced to sell at a discount much of the land they had already bought title to but had not yet re-sold ; it was purchased by Robert Morris of Philadelphia , financier , U.S . Founding Father , and Senator . In some sources , the Phelps and Gorham Purchase refers only to the 2,250,000 acres ( 9,100 km2 ) on which Phelps and Gorham were able to extinguish the Iroquois ' aboriginal title ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Genesee County Courthouse Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Genesee_County_Courthouse_Historic_District', 'summary': "The Genesee County Courthouse Historic District is located at the junction of Main , West Main and Ellicott streets ( New York state routes 5 , 33 and 63 ) in downtown Batavia , New York , United States . It is a small area with the county courthouse , a war memorial and other government buildings dating from the 1840s to the 1920s . Some were originally built for private purposes . With the federal government represented as well as the city , it constitutes the civic core of Batavia , the city from whence the Holland Purchase , covering all of today 's Western New York , was subdivided and settled in the early 19th century . In 1982 it was recognized as a historic district , one of two in the county , and listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'December 10 , 1982 ( # 82001173 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bounded by Porter and Jefferson Aves. , and Main , Court , and Ellicott Sts . 42°59′53″N 78°11′14″W / 42.998056°N 78.187222°W / 42.998056 ; -78.187222 ( Genesee County Courthouse Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': 'Civic core of Batavia , with five government buildings at fork of old Iroquois trails , built from the 1840s to 1920s', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gifford-Walker Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gifford-Walker_Farm', 'summary': 'The Gifford-Walker Farm , also known as the Alice Walker Farm , is located on North Bergen Road ( Genesee County Route 14 ) in North Bergen , New York , United States . Its farmhouse is a two-story Carpenter Gothic style structure built in 1870 . It has remained largely intact since it was construction , and has only been owned by three families . In 1980 it and an accompanying barn and shed were listed on the National Register of Historic Places , the northernmost property in the county listed .'}]}, {'value': 'January 10 , 1980 ( # 80004276 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7083 N. Bergen Rd . 43°07′51″N 78°00′54″W / 43.130833°N 78.015°W / 43.130833 ; -78.015 ( Gifford-Walker Farm )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Bergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Bergen,_New_York', 'summary': 'North Bergen is a hamlet in the town of Bergen in Genesee County , New York , United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Intact 1870 Carpenter Gothic farmhouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Holland Land Office', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holland_Land_Office', 'summary': 'The Holland Land Office building is located on West Main Street ( New York state routes 5 , 33 and 63 ) in downtown Batavia , New York , United States . It is a stone building designed by surveyor Joseph Ellicott and erected in the 1810s . It was the third and last office of the Holland Land Company , which owned almost all of what is today Western New York . Ellicott presided over the survey , sale and ultimate settlement of a vast tract of land . In 1960 it was declared a National Historic Landmark , the first one in Western New York [ note 1 ] and the only one in Genesee County . Today it is a museum , with exhibits about the history of the company and the region .'}]}, {'value': 'October 15 , 1966 ( # 66000521 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'W. Main St. 42°59′55″N 78°11′21″W / 42.998611°N 78.189167°W / 42.998611 ; -78.189167 ( Holland Land Office )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': '1815 Greek Revival building was headquarters for original owners of Western New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_New_York', 'summary': 'Western New York is the westernmost region of the state of New York . It includes the cities of Buffalo , Rochester , Niagara Falls , Jamestown and the surrounding suburbs , as well as the outlying rural areas of the Great Lakes lowlands , the Genesee Valley , and the Southern Tier . The historic beginnings of the region can be defined by its original eastern boundary of Preemption Line , created by the December 16 , 1786 political settlement between the states of New York and Massachusetts , both of which claimed political dominion over the land . This eastern boundary shifted because of changing county borders in the late 18th and early 19th centuries . Western New York consists of 17 western counties in New York State : Allegany , Cattaraugus , Chautauqua , Chemung , Erie , Genesee , Livingston , Monroe , Niagara , Ontario , Orleans , Schuyler , Seneca , Steuben , Wayne , Wyoming , and Yates , with a land area of 11,764 square miles ( 30,470 km2 ) . Western New York includes the area of the Holland Purchase and the Phelps and Gorham Purchase . The area is primarily served by Buffalo and Rochester media markets , although there is considerable overlap between these two markets , as well as other American and Canadian media markets ( particularly from nearby Toronto ) . In terms of the combined statistical areas used by the United States Census Bureau , Western New York consists of the Buffalo-Cheektowaga , NY area , the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls , NY area , and the Elmira-Corning , NY area . Western New York is in some contexts considered a sub-region of Upstate New York ( when that term is used to describe all of New York State outside Long Island and the New York City metropolitan area ) ; in other contexts it is considered a separate region from Upstate . While the term usually includes both the Buffalo and Rochester metropolitan areas , occasionally Western New York describes only the Buffalo-Niagara region , with Greater Rochester being classified as part of the Finger Lakes Region .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keeney House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keeney_House_(Le_Roy,_New_York)', 'summary': 'The Keeney House is located on Main Street ( New York State Route 5 ) in Le Roy , New York , United States . It is a two-story wood frame house dating to the mid-19th century . Inside it has elaborately detailed interiors . It is surrounded by a landscaped front and back yard . Originally it was in the Greek Revival architectural style , with more elaborate decoration on its main facade . During the late 19th and early 20th centuries , it was home to horticulturist Calvin N. Kenney ( 1849-1930 ) , breeder of the stringless bean . In 1927 , the home was renovated in the Federal Revival style by Bryant Fleming , leaving it with a more restrained main facade . The house and its carriage house were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 11 , 1979 ( # 79001583 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 W. Main St 42°58′38″N 77°59′35″W / 42.977222°N 77.993056°W / 42.977222 ; -77.993056 ( Keeney House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy_(village),_New_York', 'summary': 'Le Roy is a village in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 4,391 at the 2010 census . The village lies in the center of the town of Le Roy at the intersection of Routes 5 and 19 .'}]}, {'value': '1820s Federal style house , later home to inventor of stringless bean . Later Greek Revival embellishments removed in early 20th-century renovation', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Street Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Street_Historic_District_(Bergen,_New_York)', 'summary': "The Lake Street Historic District is located along the west side of that street , state highway NY 19 , in downtown Bergen , New York , United States . It contains several of Romanesque Revival style buildings from the last decades of the 19th century and the first two of the early 20th . Most were built after the village banned wooden buildings following two devastating fires in the area . One is currently used as Bergen 's municipal building . Several of the buildings have intact cast iron storefronts . It was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1985 ( # 85001953 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10 and 12 S. Lake St. & 11-27 N. Lake St. 43°05′07″N 77°56′33″W / 43.085278°N 77.9425°W / 43.085278 ; -77.9425 ( Lake Street Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bergen_(village),_New_York', 'summary': 'Bergen ( /ˈbɜːrdʒən/ BUR-jən ) is a village in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 1,176 at the 2010 census . The village lies on the eastern edge of the town of Bergen . The village is north of the junction of Routes 19 and 33 .'}]}, {'value': 'Small group of late 19th-early 20th century downtown buildings , many with cast iron storefronts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cast_iron', 'summary': 'Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2% . Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature . The alloy constituents affect its colour when fractured : white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through , grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks , and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite nodules which stop the crack from further progressing . Carbon ( C ) ranging from 1.8 to 4 wt% , and silicon ( Si ) 1-3 wt% , are the main alloying elements of cast iron . Iron alloys with lower carbon content are known as steel . Cast iron tends to be brittle , except for malleable cast irons . With its relatively low melting point , good fluidity , castability , excellent machinability , resistance to deformation and wear resistance , cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications and are used in pipes , machines and automotive industry parts , such as cylinder heads , cylinder blocks and gearbox cases . It is resistant to damage by oxidation . The earliest cast-iron artefacts date to the 5th century BC , and were discovered by archaeologists in what is now Jiangsu in China . Cast iron was used in ancient China for warfare , agriculture , and architecture . During the 15th century , cast iron became utilized for cannon in Burgundy , France , and in England during the Reformation . The amounts of cast iron used for cannon required large scale production .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 31 , 2017 ( # 100000612 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7-9 Clay , 8-8\u200b ⁄ 2 Lake , 1-73 , 2-72 Main , 7 Mill , 8-62 , 3-61 W. Main Sts . 42°58′40″N 77°59′32″W / 42.97771°N 77.99232°W / 42.97771 ; -77.99232 ( Le Roy Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy,_New_York', 'summary': 'Le Roy , or more commonly LeRoy , is a town in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 7,641 at the 2010 census . The town is named after one of the original land owners , Herman Le Roy . The town lies on the eastern edge of Genesee County . Within the town is a village also named Le Roy . The town is known as the Birthplace of Jell-O .'}]}, {'value': 'Core of historic village that grew up around Jell-O plant and Oatka Creek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oatka_Creek', 'summary': "Oatka Creek ( /oʊˈætkə/ oh-AT-kə ) is the third longest tributary of the Genesee River , located entirely in the Western New York region of the U.S. state of New York . From southern Wyoming County , it flows 58 miles ( 93 km ) to the Genesee near Scottsville , draining an area of 215 square miles ( 560 km2 ) that includes all or part of 23 towns and villages in Wyoming , Genesee , Livingston and Monroe counties as well . Its name means leaving the highlands or approaching an opening in Seneca . Like its parent stream it originated during the end of the last Ice Age , as glacial impact on the upper Allegheny Plateau created a rolling landscape streams could gradually erode through , The Oatka carved a deep groove known today as the Oatka Valley , where the upper creek 's two major settlements would be established . Native Americans of the Seneca nation established a few settlements along it where clearings arose in the forest . The Revolutionary War 's Sullivan Expedition , brought the valley 's fertile soil to the attention of the emerging nation , and the region was opened for settlement shortly after the war . For a time the Oatka was called Allan 's Creek after the area 's first settler , Ebenezer Indian Allan . Its waterpower facilitated early 19th-century European settlement of the abundant fertile lands in the Holland Purchase . Today it remains an important regional resource , used for water supply and recreational purposes , and actively protected to assure water quality . It is a popular trout stream , stocked from the oldest fish hatchery in the Western Hemisphere near its mouth . A dam in Le Roy makes the section below it a losing stream , dry during the warm months of the year as the stream flows through subterranean channels ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy House and Union Free School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy_House_and_Union_Free_School', 'summary': "The Le Roy House and Union Free School are located on East Main Street ( New York State Route 5 ) in Le Roy , New York , United States . The house is a stucco-faced stone building in the Greek Revival architectural style . It was originally a land office , expanded in two stages during the 19th century by its builder , Jacob Le Roy , an early settler for whom the village is named . In the rear of the property is the village 's first schoolhouse , a stone building from the end of the 19th century . Le Roy expanded the small land office into a large house , with finely decorated interior . After its completion , he hosted the reception following Daniel Webster 's second marriage , to one of Le Roy 's sisters . Later it served as a residence for educational administrators of both Ingham University and the local public schools . During the late 19th century it was subdivided into a boardinghouse for faculty and students at Ingham and the Le Roy Academic Institute , an early secular private school . Upon the establishment of the Le Roy Historical Society in 1941 it became the local historical museum . The school was originally an addition built on a frame building , first for the Le Roy Academic Institute and then the local public school district , which it served as a high school . Its educational use ended in the early 20th century . For several decades afterward it was used as a factory for the manufacture of patent medicines ."}]}, {'value': 'November 7 , 1997 ( # 97001388 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23 E. Main St. 42°58′42″N 77°59′11″W / 42.978333°N 77.986389°W / 42.978333 ; -77.986389 ( Le Roy House and Union Free School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy_(village),_New_York', 'summary': 'Le Roy is a village in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 4,391 at the 2010 census . The village lies in the center of the town of Le Roy at the intersection of Routes 5 and 19 .'}]}, {'value': 'Land office expanded into ornate Greek Revival House , now local historical museum , in three stages by Jacob Le Roy starting in 1823 . 1898 school building in rear was first built by present Le Roy school district ; now used as Jell-O museum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jell-O', 'summary': 'Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Foods for varieties of gelatin desserts ( fruit-flavored gels ) , puddings , and no-bake cream pies . The original Jell-O gelatin dessert ( genericized as jello ) is the signature of the brand . The original gelatin dessert began in Le Roy , New York , in 1881 after Pearle Bixby Wait and wife May trademarked the name for a product made from strawberry , raspberry , orange , or lemon flavoring added to sugar and granulated gelatin , which had just been patented in 1845 in its powdered form for the masses . The dessert was especially popular in the 1930s and 1950s .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Machpelah Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Machpelah_Cemetery_(Le_Roy,_New_York)', 'summary': "Machpelah Cemetery is located on North Street in Le Roy , New York , United States . It was opened in the mid-19th century and expanded since then . Graves from other , smaller burial grounds around Le Roy have been added . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 , one of two cemeteries in Genesee County with that distinction . It was originally built and laid out as a rural cemetery , with a parklike setting on the banks of Oatka Creek . In the early 20th century its design philosophy changed , when a large mausoleum to local businessman Orator Francis Woodward , who in his last years made a fortune developing Jell-O into a bestselling dessert , was built in the southern section of the cemetery near his factory . The architect hired by the family to lay out the section was influenced by the City Beautiful movement , giving that area a more orderly cast . Woodward 's monument , visible from the cemetery 's main entrance , is the most prominent of many notable graves in the cemetery . Other structures within include a memorial chapel built around the same time and a granite vault held together by its own weight . The markers exhibit a variety of materials , forms and styles of funerary art . Among the 5,500 dead buried here besides Woodward and his family are many people important to the history of Le Roy , including the daughters of its namesake , the inventor of Jell-O and Sarah Frances Whiting , an astronomer who was also one of the first to experiment with X-rays . Veterans of every American war lie at Machpelah as well ."}]}, {'value': 'November 19 , 2007 ( # 07001204 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North St. 42°59′10″N 77°59′01″W / 42.986239°N 77.9835°W / 42.986239 ; -77.9835 ( Machpelah Cemetery )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Le Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy_(village),_New_York', 'summary': 'Le Roy is a village in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 4,391 at the 2010 census . The village lies in the center of the town of Le Roy at the intersection of Routes 5 and 19 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rural cemetery opened in 1858 and gradually expanded since then . Grave markers reflect many different trends in funerary art to present . Jell-O tycoon Orator Francis Woodward buried in prominent Classical Revival mausoleum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rural_cemetery', 'summary': 'The rural cemetery or garden cemetery is a style of cemetery that became popular in the United States and Europe in the mid-nineteenth century due to the overcrowding and health concerns of urban cemeteries . They were typically built one to five miles outside of the city , far enough to be separated from the city but close enough for visitors and are known for the use of elaborate monuments , memorials and mausoleums in a landscaped park-like setting . The rural cemetery movement mirrored changing attitudes toward death in the nineteenth century . Images of hope and immortality were popular in rural cemeteries in contrast to the puritanical pessimism depicted in earlier cemeteries . Statues and memorials included depictions of angels and cherubs as well as botanical motifs such as ivy representing memory , oak leaves for immortality , poppies for sleep and acorns for life . From their inception , they were intended as civic institutions designed for public use . Before the widespread development of public parks , the rural cemetery provided a place for the general public to enjoy outdoor recreation amidst art and sculpture previously available only for the wealthy . Thoughts about rural cemeteries evolved toward the end of the 1800s due to the high cost of maintenance , development of true public parks and perceived disorderliness of appearance due to independent ownership of family burial plots and different grave markers . Lawn cemeteries became instead an attractive design .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Funerary_art', 'summary': 'Funerary art is any work of art forming , or placed in , a repository for the remains of the dead . The term encompasses a wide variety of forms , including cenotaphs ( empty tombs ) , tomb-like monuments which do not contain human remains , and communal memorials to the dead , such as war memorials , which may or may not contain remains , and a range of prehistoric megalithic constructs . Funerary art may serve many cultural functions . It can play a role in burial rites , serve as an article for use by the dead in the afterlife , and celebrate the life and accomplishments of the dead , whether as part of kinship-centred practices of ancestor veneration or as a publicly directed dynastic display . It can also function as a reminder of the mortality of humankind , as an expression of cultural values and roles , and help to propitiate the spirits of the dead , maintaining their benevolence and preventing their unwelcome intrusion into the lives of the living . The deposit of objects with an apparent aesthetic intention is found in almost all cultures - Hindu culture , which has little , is a notable exception . Many of the best-known artistic creations of past cultures - from the Egyptian pyramids and the Tutankhamun treasure , to the Terracotta Army surrounding the tomb of the Qin Emperor , the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus , the Sutton Hoo ship burial and the Taj Mahal - are tombs or objects found in and around them . In most instances , specialized funeral art was produced for the powerful and wealthy , although the burials of ordinary people might include simple monuments and grave goods , usually from their possessions . An important factor in the development of traditions of funerary art is the division between what was intended to be visible to visitors or the public after completion of the funeral ceremonies . The treasure of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun , for example , though exceptionally lavish , was never intended to be seen again after it was deposited , while the exterior of the pyramids was a permanent and highly effective demonstration of the power of their creators . A similar division can be seen in grand East Asian tombs . In other cultures , nearly all the art connected with the burial , except for limited grave goods , was intended for later viewing by the public or at least those admitted by the custodians .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jell-O', 'summary': 'Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Foods for varieties of gelatin desserts ( fruit-flavored gels ) , puddings , and no-bake cream pies . The original Jell-O gelatin dessert ( genericized as jello ) is the signature of the brand . The original gelatin dessert began in Le Roy , New York , in 1881 after Pearle Bixby Wait and wife May trademarked the name for a product made from strawberry , raspberry , orange , or lemon flavoring added to sugar and granulated gelatin , which had just been patented in 1845 in its powdered form for the masses . The dessert was especially popular in the 1930s and 1950s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture', 'summary': 'Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France . In its purest form , it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity , the Vitruvian principles , and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio . The development of archaeology was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture . Excavation sites like those in Pompeii and Herculaneum allowed architects to make in depth interpretations of Classical architecture and synthesize their own unique style . In form , neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts . The style is manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament , and in its architectural formulae as an outgrowth of some classicising features of the Late Baroque architectural tradition . Therefore , the style defined by symmetry , simple geometry , and social demands instead of ornament . Neoclassical architecture is still designed today , but may be labelled New Classical Architecture for contemporary buildings . In Central and Eastern Europe , the style is usually referred to as Classicism , while the newer revival styles of the 19th century until today are called neoclassical .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mausoleum', 'summary': 'A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people . A monument without the interment is a cenotaph . A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb , or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marion Steam Shovel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion_Steam_Shovel_(Le_Roy,_New_York)', 'summary': 'The Marion Steam Shovel , also known as the Le Roy Steam Shovel , is a historic Model 91 steam shovel manufactured by the Marion Steam Shovel and Dredge Company of Marion , Ohio . It is located on Gulf Road in the Town of Le Roy , New York , United States . Representative of the type of technology developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century to provide large , inexpensive supplies of crushed stone for the vast American railroad network and later for the road construction , it is believed to be the largest intact steam shovel remaining in the world , and may have been used in the excavation of the Panama Canal . No longer operational , it was moved to its current site in the mid-20th century . It is currently owned by the town . In 2008 it became the first steam shovel listed on the National Register of Historic Places , the only listing in the Town of Le Roy and the easternmost in Genesee County .'}]}, {'value': 'February 22 , 2008 ( # 08000038 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gulf Rd . 42°59′33″N 77°56′17″W / 42.992514°N 77.938083°W / 42.992514 ; -77.938083 ( Marion Steam Shovel )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LeRoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Le_Roy_(town),_New_York', 'summary': 'Le Roy , or more commonly LeRoy , is a town in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 7,641 at the 2010 census . The town is named after one of the original land owners , Herman Le Roy . The town lies on the eastern edge of Genesee County . Within the town is a village also named Le Roy . The town is known as the Birthplace of Jell-O .'}]}, {'value': 'Only remaining Marion Model 91 steamshovel ; possibly largest extant steamshovel in world . May have been used in excavation of Panama Canal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion_Power_Shovel', 'summary': "Marion Power Shovel Company was an American firm that designed , manufactured and sold steam shovels , power shovels , blast hole drills , excavators , and dragline excavators for use in the construction and mining industries . The company was a major supplier of steam shovels for the construction of the Panama Canal . The company also built the two crawler-transporters used by NASA for transporting the Saturn V rocket and later the Space Shuttle to their launch pads . The company 's shovels also played a major role in the digging of the Hoover Dam and the New York City area with the digging of the Holland Tunnel and the extension of the Number 7 subway line to Main Street in Flushing , Queens . Founded in Marion , Ohio in August , 1884 by Henry Barnhart , Edward Huber and George W. King as the Marion Steam Shovel Company , the company grew through sales and acquisitions throughout the 20th century . The company changed its name to Marion Power Shovel Company in 1946 to reflect the industry 's change from steam power to diesel power . The company ceased to be an independent entity when it was sold , becoming the Marion division of Dresser Industries in 1977 . In 1992 Dresser spun off the Marion division and certain other assets into a holding company that would eventually become known as Global Industrial Technologies , Inc . Global put the Marion division up for sale in 1997 and its longtime rival Bucyrus International purchased the division for US $ 40.1 million . Bucyrus integrated the Marion division 's products into the Bucyrus product line , then closed the Marion , Ohio , facility ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Panama_Canal', 'summary': 'The Panama Canal ( Spanish : Canal de Panamá ) is an artificial 82 km ( 51 mi ) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean . The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade . Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake , an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal , 26 m ( 85 ft ) above sea level , and then lower the ships at the other end . The original locks are 32.5 m ( 110 ft ) wide . A third , wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016 . The expanded canal began commercial operation on June 26 , 2016 . The new locks allow transit of larger , neo-Panamax ships , capable of handling more cargo . The construction of the Panama Canal is where the expression Another Day , Another Dollar comes from , as the workers were rumored to be paid a dollar a day for their labor . France began work on the canal in 1881 , but stopped due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate . The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal on August 15 , 1914 . One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken , the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduced the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans , enabling them to avoid the lengthy , hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan and the even less popular route through the Arctic Archipelago and the Bering Strait . Colombia , France , and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morganville Pottery Factory Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morganville_Pottery_Factory_Site', 'summary': 'Morganville Pottery Factory Site is an archeological site located at Morganville in Genesee County , New York . It was the location of a factory that produced ceramics and tile from 1829 until the end of the 19th century . An excavation in 1973 by a team from the Rochester Museum and Science Center yielded many artifacts . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .'}]}, {'value': 'February 15 , 1974 ( # 74001240 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morganville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morganville,_New_York', 'summary': 'Stafford is a town in Genesee County , New York , United States . The population was 2,459 at the 2010 census . The town was named after a town of the same name in England . Stafford is one of only two interior towns in Genesee County , lying in the east central part of the county , east of Batavia .'}]}, {'value': 'Site of factory in existence for much of 19th century making drain and ceramic tiles . Excavated by Rochester Museum and Science Center in 1973 ; may yet yield more artifacts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rochester_Museum_and_Science_Center', 'summary': 'The Rochester Museum & Science Center ( RMSC ) is a museum in Rochester , New York , dedicated to community education in science , technology and local history . The museum also operates the Strasenburgh Planetarium , located next to the museum , and the Cumming Nature Center , a 900-acre ( 3.6 km2 ) nature preserve near Naples , New York . The museum resides at 657 East Ave. and has a collection of 1.2 million artifacts .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Pleasant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_(Indian_Falls,_New_York)', 'summary': 'Mount Pleasant is a farm complex located in the Town of Pembroke , New York , United States , east of the hamlet of Indian Falls . It was established in the mid-19th century . The main dwelling is a sophisticated Italianate style wood frame house . It and the other buildings have remained mostly intact since their construction . The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 9 , 1984 ( # 84002393 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2032 Indian Falls Rd . 43°00′45″N 78°20′35″W / 43.0125°N 78.343056°W / 43.0125 ; -78.343056 ( Mount Pleasant )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Falls,_New_York', 'summary': 'Indian Falls is a hamlet located closely within the northern border of the town of Pembroke and the western edge of Genesee County , Western New York , United States . Located in what was traditional Seneca nation territory for hundreds of years , the town was named also for a waterfall near its center , where Tonawanda Creek flows over the Onondaga escarpment .'}]}, {'value': 'Sophisticated 1861 Italianate farmhouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Newberry Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 11 , 2017 ( # 100001585 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '109-111 Main St. 42°59′50″N 78°10′58″W / 42.99725°N 78.18264°W / 42.99725 ; -78.18264 ( Newberry Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': '1881 Italianate commercial block updated twice in early 20th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond Memorial Library', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Memorial_Library', 'summary': 'The Richmond Memorial Library is located on Ross Street in Batavia , New York , United States . It is an 1880s stone structure in the Richardsonian Romanesque style designed by Rochester architect James Goold Cutler . His design was strongly inspired by several libraries in Massachusetts that Richardson himself had recently built . It was commissioned by local philanthropist Mary E. Richmond , wife of Dean Richmond , in 1889 , as a memorial to her youngest son , Dean Richmond , Jr . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 .'}]}, {'value': 'July 24 , 1974 ( # 74001239 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19 Ross St. 42°59′52″N 78°10′38″W / 42.997778°N 78.177222°W / 42.997778 ; -78.177222 ( Richmond Memorial Library )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batavia,_New_York', 'summary': "Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County , New York , United States . It is near the center of the county , surrounded by the Town of Batavia , which is a separate municipality . Its population as of the 2010 census was 15,465 . The name Batavia is Latin for the Betuwe region of the Netherlands , and honors early Dutch land developers . The city hosts the Batavia Muckdogs baseball club of the New York-Penn League , at the Dwyer Stadium , at 299 Bank Street . The Muckdogs are an affiliate of the Miami Marlins . They won the 2008 championship . In 2006 , a national magazine ranked Batavia third among the nation 's micropolitans based on economic development . The New York State Thruway ( Interstate 90 ) passes north of the city . Genesee County Airport ( GVQ ) is also north of the city . Its UN/LOCODE is USBIA ."}]}, {'value': "1887 Richardsonian Romanesque library emulating several of Richardson 's libraries in the Boston suburbs", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque', 'summary': 'Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson ( 1838-1886 ) . The revival style incorporates 11th and 12th century southern French , Spanish and Italian Romanesque characteristics . Richardson first used elements of the style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo , New York , designed in 1870 . Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 1800s ; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Listings county-wide', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Genesee_County,_New_York_0', 'intro': 'List of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York\n This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Genesee County, New York. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on Map of all coordinates. One property, the Holland Land Office, is further designated a National Historic Landmark.'}
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Located on Buffalo Street in a town in Genesee County , what historic site is named after the architectural production method most frequently used in the northeastern United States and upper Midwest in the early 19th century ?
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Alexander Classical School
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ff54a5b8ee8be98c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._deild_karla', 'title': '3. deild karla', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', '2017 season'], 'data': [{'value': 'Augnablik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Augnablik_Kópavogur', 'summary': 'Augnablik is a multi-sports club in Kópavogur , Iceland .'}]}, {'value': 'Kópavogur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kópavogur', 'summary': "Kópavogur ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈkʰoːupavɔɣʏr̥ ] ) is a town in Iceland that is the country 's second largest municipality by population . It lies immediately south of Reykjavík and is part of the Capital Region . The name literally means seal pup inlet . The town seal contains the profile of the church Kópavogskirkja with a seal pup underneath . Kópavogur is largely made up of residential areas , but has commercial areas and much industrial activity as well . The tallest building in Iceland , the Smáratorg Tower , is located in central Kópavogur ."}]}, {'value': 'Fagrilundur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4. deild karla , 2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dalvík/Reynir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalvík/Reynir', 'summary': 'Dalvík/Reynir is an Icelandic football club based in Dalvík . The club was formed in 2006 after the merger between UMFS Dalvík & Reynir Árskógsströnd'}]}, {'value': 'Dalvík', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalvík', 'summary': "Dalvík is the main village of the Icelandic municipality of Dalvíkurbyggð . Its population is approximately 1,400 . The town 's name means valley bay ."}]}, {'value': 'Dalvíkurvöllur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Einherji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Einherji', 'summary': 'Ungmennafélagið Einherji is an Icelandic sports club , based in Vopnafjörður , Iceland . The club is named after the einherjar , figures from Norse Mythology .'}]}, {'value': 'Vopnafjörður', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vopnafjörður', 'summary': 'Vopnafjörður is a village and municipality in Northeast Iceland , standing on a peninsula in the middle of a mountainous bay by the same name . The main industries of Vopnafjörður are fish processing , agriculture and tourism and other services .'}]}, {'value': 'Vopnafjarðarvöllur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reykjavík ( Hlíðar )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reykjavík', 'summary': "Reykjavík ( /ˈreɪkjəvɪk , -viːk/ RAYK-yə-vik , -\u2060veek ; Icelandic : [ ˈreiːcaˌviːk ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland . It is located in southwestern Iceland , on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay . Its latitude is 64°08 ' N , making it the world 's northernmost capital of a sovereign state . [ a ] With a population of around 128,793 ( and 228,231 in the Capital Region ) , it is the center of Iceland 's cultural , economic and governmental activity , and is a popular tourist destination . Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland , which , according to Landnámabók , was established by Ingólfr Arnarson in AD 874 . Until the 19th century , there was no urban development in the city location . The city was founded in 1785 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the following decades , as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce , population , and governmental activities . It is among the cleanest , greenest , and safest cities in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hlíðar', 'summary': 'Hlíðar ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈl̥iːðar̥ ] ) or Hlíðahverfi is a sub-municipal administrational district within Reykjavík , Iceland . It includes six neighbourhoods : Hlíðar proper , Norðurmýri , Holt , Hlemmur , Suðurhlíðar and Öskjuhlíð .'}]}, {'value': 'Valsvöllur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4. deild karla , 1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knattspyrnufélag_Fjallabyggðar', 'summary': 'Knattspyrnufélag Fjallabyggðar ( KF ) is an Icelandic football club from the towns Ólafsfjörður and Siglufjörður who form the municipality Fjallabyggð , currently playing in the 3. deild karla . Their main colours are blue and white as a tertiary .'}]}, {'value': 'Fjallabyggð ( Ólafsfjörður )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fjallabyggð', 'summary': 'Fjallabyggð is a municipality located in northern Iceland . The former municipalities of Ólafsfjörður and Siglufjörður joined to form it in 2006 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ólafsfjörður', 'summary': "Ólafsfjörður is a town in the northeast of Iceland located at the mouth of the fjord Eyjafjörður . The town is connected to Dalvík on Eyjafjörður by the 3.5 km one-lane Múli tunnel ( the Múlagöng ) and to Siglufjörður by the 11 km Héðinsfjörður Tunnels , opened in 2010 . Fishing is the main industry in the town ; several trawlers make their home in the town 's harbor . The municipalities of Ólafsfjörður and Siglufjörður merged in 2006 to form the municipality of Fjallabyggð , which literally means Mountain Settlement ."}]}, {'value': 'Ólafsfjarðarvöllur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KFG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knattspyrnufélag_Garðabæjar', 'summary': 'Knattspyrnufélag Garðabæjar , abbreviated as KFG , is an Icelandic football club based in Garðabær . It was founded in 2008 . The club plays in 3.deild karla .'}]}, {'value': 'Garðabær', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garðabær', 'summary': 'Garðabær ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈkarðapair̥ ] ) is a municipality in the Capital Region of Iceland .'}]}, {'value': 'Samsung völlurinn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stjörnuvöllur', 'summary': 'Samsung völlurinn also known as Stjörnuvöllur is a football stadium in Garðabær . It is located in Reykjavík , and seats 990 individuals in one stand , but can hold about 410 standing spectators additionally . It is the home stadium for Icelandic top-division football team Stjarnan .'}]}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knattspyrnufélag_Vesturbæjar', 'summary': 'Knattspyrnufélag Vesturbæjar , commonly known as KV , is an Icelandic sports club from the capital city , Reykjavík in the area of Vesturbær . It is best known for its football team but has also fielded teams in other sports , such as basketball and handball .'}]}, {'value': 'Reykjavík ( Vesturbær )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reykjavík', 'summary': "Reykjavík ( /ˈreɪkjəvɪk , -viːk/ RAYK-yə-vik , -\u2060veek ; Icelandic : [ ˈreiːcaˌviːk ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland . It is located in southwestern Iceland , on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay . Its latitude is 64°08 ' N , making it the world 's northernmost capital of a sovereign state . [ a ] With a population of around 128,793 ( and 228,231 in the Capital Region ) , it is the center of Iceland 's cultural , economic and governmental activity , and is a popular tourist destination . Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland , which , according to Landnámabók , was established by Ingólfr Arnarson in AD 874 . Until the 19th century , there was no urban development in the city location . The city was founded in 1785 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the following decades , as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce , population , and governmental activities . It is among the cleanest , greenest , and safest cities in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vesturbær', 'summary': 'Vesturbær ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈvɛstʏrˌpaiːr̥ ] ) is a district in Reykjavík in Iceland , comprising eight neighbourhoods west of the city center : Gamli Vesturbær , Bráðræðisholt , Grandahverfi , Hagahverfi , Melar , Skjól , Grímsstaðaholt , Skildinganes and Litli Skerjafjörður .'}]}, {'value': 'KR-völlur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KR-völlur', 'summary': 'KR-völlur is a football stadium in Reykjavík , Iceland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and has been the home stadium of Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur since 1984 . The stadium holds about 2,700 people and is located at the Kaplaskjólsvegur in West Reykjavík .'}]}, {'value': '2. deild karla , 11th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sindri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ungmennafélagið_Sindri', 'summary': 'Ungmennafélagið Sindri , commonly known as Sindri , is an Icelandic multi-sports club from the town of Höfn located on the east coast of Iceland . It fields departments in basketball , football , gymnastics , swimming , track & field and volleyball .'}]}, {'value': 'Höfn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Höfn_í_Hornafirði', 'summary': 'Höfn or Höfn í Hornafirði ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈhœpn i ˈhɔrtnafɪrðɪ ] ) is an Icelandic fishing town in the southeastern part of the country . It lies near Hornafjörður fjord . The town , the second largest in the southeastern part of Iceland , offers scenic views of Vatnajökull ( the largest ice cap in Europe by volume ) . The community was formerly known as Hornafjarðarbær between 1994 and 1998 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sindravellir', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2. deild karla , 12th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vængir Júpiters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reykjavík ( Grafarvogur )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reykjavík', 'summary': "Reykjavík ( /ˈreɪkjəvɪk , -viːk/ RAYK-yə-vik , -\u2060veek ; Icelandic : [ ˈreiːcaˌviːk ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland . It is located in southwestern Iceland , on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay . Its latitude is 64°08 ' N , making it the world 's northernmost capital of a sovereign state . [ a ] With a population of around 128,793 ( and 228,231 in the Capital Region ) , it is the center of Iceland 's cultural , economic and governmental activity , and is a popular tourist destination . Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland , which , according to Landnámabók , was established by Ingólfr Arnarson in AD 874 . Until the 19th century , there was no urban development in the city location . The city was founded in 1785 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the following decades , as it transformed into a regional and later national centre of commerce , population , and governmental activities . It is among the cleanest , greenest , and safest cities in the world ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Grafarvogur', 'summary': 'Grafarvogur ( Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈkraːvarˌvɔːɣʏr̥ ] ) is among the largest residential districts of Reykjavík , Iceland . It is a relatively new neighbourhood , major construction began in the late 1980s and continued well into the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Egilshöll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Egilshöll', 'summary': 'Egilshöll is a multi-purpose sports facility in Reykjavík , Iceland . It features three football pitches , an ice rink , an arena , shooting range and tennis courts . On the second floor it also has a cinema .'}]}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ægir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knattspyrnufélagið_Ægir', 'summary': 'Knattspyrnufélagið Ægir is an Icelandic sports club from the town of Þorlákshöfn , mainly known for its football team . The club has a football team playing in the fifth tier of Icelandic football .'}]}, {'value': 'Þorlákshöfn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Þorlákshöfn', 'summary': "Þorlákshöfn is a town on the southern coast of Iceland in the Municipality of Ölfus . The town is named after Saint Thorlak who was a bishop at Skálholt . Its main importance is as a port as it has the only harbour on Iceland 's southern coastline between Grindavík in the west and Höfn in the east . The port serves a direct weekly cargo ferry to Rotterdam , operated by faroese Smyril Line . It is also one of two departure points for ferries to the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago . Services include restaurants , tourism , golf course , motocross field , camping , sport complex and a swimming pool . The town has several fish processing enterprises ."}]}, {'value': 'Þorlákshafnarvöllur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7th', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2018 Clubs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '3._deild_karla_0', 'intro': "3. deild karla (e. Men's Third division) is a football league in Iceland. It is the fourth level, and second-lowest division, in the Icelandic football league system. Current champions are Kári. The league was reformed into a 10-team double round-robin tournament for the 2013 season, with the introduction of the newly established 5th level of the Icelandic football league system, 4. deild karla."}
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What is located on the 2nd floor of the stadium where Vængir Júpiters plays ?
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A cinema
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ff5742ed46c0887b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V.League_1', 'title': 'V.League 1', 'header': ['Team', 'Manager', 'Captain', 'Kit manufacturer', 'Shirt sponsor'], 'data': [{'value': 'Becamex Bình Dương', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Becamex_Bình_Dương', 'summary': "Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Becamex Bình Dương , simply known as Becamex Bình Dương , is a professional football club based in Thủ Dầu Một , Vietnam . It currently plays in Vietnam 's top division , the V.League 1 . Their home ground is Gò Đậu Stadium in Thủ Dầu Một ."}]}, {'value': 'Carlos Oliveira', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lê Tấn Tài', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lê_Tấn_Tài', 'summary': 'Lê Tấn Tài ( born 4 January 1984 ) is a Vietnamese footballer , and former captain of the Vietnam national football team , where he plays as a Central Midfielder . He is currently playing for Becamex Bình Dương in the V.League 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamito', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Becamex IDC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dược Nam Hà Nam Định', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Dược_Nam_Hà_Nam_Định', 'summary': "Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Dược Nam Hà Nam Định , simply known as Dược Nam Hà Nam Định , is a Vietnamese football club based in Nam Định . The club currently plays in the V.League . The club 's home stadium is Thiên Trường Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Nguyễn Văn Dũng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nguyễn_Văn_Dũng', 'summary': 'Nguyễn Văn Dũng ( born 14 April 1994 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a Left-back for V.League 1 club Hà Nội .'}]}, {'value': 'Lê Văn Phú', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lê_Văn_Phú', 'summary': 'Lê Văn Phú ( born Issifu Ansah ; 13 June 1983 ) is a Vietnamese Ghanaian footballer who plays as a defender for Nam Định'}]}, {'value': 'Kelme', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelme_(company)', 'summary': 'New Millennium Sports , S.L. , trading as Kelme ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkelme ] ) , is a Spanish sportswear company that creates and produces apparel and shoes . It was founded in 1963 by Diego and José Quiles and its products are destined for football , futsal , basketball , running and tennis market . Kelme is headquartered in Elche ( Alicante ) , Spain , but has other offices worldwide including a United States Division in Conover , North Carolina . Kelme sponsored a professional cycling team , together with the Valencian government . Their products are endorsed by high-profile players such as David James , Josemi and Paul Kelly , and others . Their football boots are made to provide established power , swerve , accuracy and durability . Daniel González Güiza wears the Kelme Masters for RCD Mallorca . Real Madrid and RCD Mallorca used to wear kits produced by Kelme .'}]}, {'value': 'Dược Nam Hà', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hà Nội', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Hà_Nội', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Hà Nội , simply known as Hà Nội or Hanoi FC , is a professional football club based in Hanoi , Vietnam . The club currently plays in the V.League 1 . Hanoi FC was founded in 2006 as T & T Hanoi Football Club , renamed to Hanoi T & T Football Club in 2010 and finally to its current name in 2016 . The club has participated in the V.League 1 since the 2009 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Chu Đình Nghiêm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chu_Đình_Nghiêm', 'summary': 'Chu Đình Nghiêm is a Vietnamese professional football coach and former who is the current manager of V.League 1 club Hanoi FC .'}]}, {'value': 'Nguyễn Văn Quyết', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nguyễn_Văn_Quyết', 'summary': 'Nguyễn Văn Quyết ( born 1 July 1991 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays for V.League 1 club Hà Nội F.C . as a Forward . He is a member of the Vietnam national football team . Van Quyet has scored 8 goals in 15 appearances for Hà Nội F.C competitions . He helped them reach the quarter-finals of the 2014 AFC Cup for the first time in their history .'}]}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kappa_(brand)', 'summary': "Kappa is an Italian sportswear brand founded in Turin , Piedmont , Italy . Kappa was founded as a sock firm in Turin , Italy , in 1916 but did n't become Kappa until 1967 ."}]}, {'value': 'SCG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siam_Cement_Group', 'summary': "The Siam Cement Group Public Company Limited ( SCG ; SET : SCC ) is the largest and oldest cement and building material company in Thailand and Southeast Asia . In 2016 , SCG was also ranked as the second largest company in Thailand and the 604th largest public company in the world by Forbes . The company is SET50 and SETHD-listed and an industry benchmark . The company 's major shareholder is the Crown Property Bureau , which owns 30 percent of Siam Cement 's shares . Consolidated revenues were 450 billion baht ( US $ 14 billion ) in FY2017 . :10 The cement and building materials unit contributed 38 percent ; 44 percent from the chemicals unit ; and 18 percent from the packaging unit . :11 In 2016 , SCG was ranked No.1 of the top graduate employer in Thailand polled by Asia Internship Program SCG was founded to set up the first cement plant in Bangkok , Thailand by a royal decree of King Rama VI ( Vajiravudh ) in 1913 . Since then , the company has expanded into various businesses with three core business units : SCG Cement-building materials ; SCG Chemicals ; and SCG Packaging . :1 Now , SCG heavily invests their company into Southeast Asia regions including packaging businesses in Malaysia , petrochemical complex in Vietnam , and many cement plants around the regions . SCG employs approximately 54,000 employees . The products are marketed domestically and exported to all regions of the world . Cementhai Holding Co. , Ltd. oversees SCG 's investment in various businesses ."}]}, {'value': 'Hải Phòng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Hải_Phòng', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Hải Phòng , simply known as Hải Phòng , is a Vietnamese football club based in Hải Phòng.This is one of the most traditional teams in the V.League . The name of the team is The Portland FC or the City of Poinciana . They are now playing in V.League 1 . The team is currently playing at Lạch Tray Stadium . As a manager , Dylan Kerr finished contract with Hai Phong FC after the 2013-14 season , Kerr was replaced by Trương Việt Hoàng ( a former Vietnamese national soccer player )'}]}, {'value': 'Phạm Anh Tuấn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doãn Ngọc Tân', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Đoàn_Ngọc_Tân', 'summary': 'Doãn Ngọc Tân ( born 14 September 1994 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a midfielder for V-League ( Vietnam ) club Hải Phòng .'}]}, {'value': 'Jogarbola', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asanzo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hoàng Anh Gia Lai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Hoàng_Anh_Gia_Lai', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Hoàng Anh Gia Lai , simply known as Hoàng Anh Gia Lai , and commonly known as HAGL , is a Vietnamese football club based in Pleiku , Gia Lai . Owned by Đoàn Nguyên Đức , a prominent Vietnamese businessman , They play in the top division in Vietnamese soccer , V.League 1 . Their home stadium is Pleiku Stadium . On 11 April 2019 HAGL FC a collaboration with Feyenoord Rotterdam was agreed .'}]}, {'value': 'Lee Tae-hoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Tae-hoon_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Lee Tae-hoon ( born 7 June 1961 ) is a South Korean professional football manager .'}]}, {'value': 'Nguyễn Tuấn Anh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nguyễn_Tuấn_Anh', 'summary': "Nguyễn Tuấn Anh ( born 16 May 1995 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Hoàng Anh Gia Lai F.C . and the Vietnam national football team . Tuấn Anh is considered one of the most talented and technically gifted midfielders that Vietnam football has ever seen . He is a product of HAGL - Arsenal JMG Academy and was promoted to Hoàng Anh Gia Lai 's first team in 2015 . Tuấn Anh has represented the Vietnam national team at U-19 and U-23 level . He was voted as 2014 young player of the year ."}]}, {'value': 'Mizuno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mizuno_Corporation', 'summary': 'Mizuno Corporation ( ミズノ株式会社 , 美津濃株式会社 , Mizuno Kabushiki-gaisha ) ( TYO : 8022 ) is a Japanese sports equipment and sportswear company , founded in Osaka in 1906 by Rihachi Mizuno . Today , Mizuno is a global corporation which makes a wide variety of sports equipment and sportswear , for golf , tennis , baseball , volleyball , football , running , rugby , skiing , cycling , judo , table tennis , badminton , boxing and athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Thaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thaco', 'summary': "Truong Hai Auto Corporation ( THACO ) is one of the leading car manufacturers in Vietnam . THACO is a member of Vietnam Automobile Manufacturers Association ( VAMA ) . The company was founded in 1997 and is now taking 32% of Vietnam 's automobile market . THACO main products comprises family cars , light trucks and buses . The company has a joint venture with Kia Motors to produce Kia branded cars from its main factory located in Chu Lai Economic Zone . It also produces and manufactures Mazda passenger cars through its VinaMazda subsidiary ."}]}, {'value': 'Hồng Lĩnh Hà Tĩnh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Hồng_Lĩnh_Hà_Tĩnh', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Hồng Lĩnh Hà Tĩnh , simply known as Hồng Lĩnh Hà Tĩnh , is a Vietnamese football club which is based in Hà Tĩnh , Vietnam . They were founded in 2015 as Hanoi T & T B Football Club . The club squad is mainly composed of young players from V.League 1 club Hà Nội . Hồng Lĩnh Hà Tĩnh FC won the LS V-League 2019 before two rounds ( 20/22 rounds ) on 30th Aug 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Phạm Minh Đức', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phạm_Minh_Đức', 'summary': 'Phạm Minh Đức ( born on May 5 , 1976 ) is a Vietnamese football coach and former player who currently serves as the head coach of Hồng Lĩnh Hà Tĩnh in V.League 2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ma Văn Tuấn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelme', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelme_(company)', 'summary': 'New Millennium Sports , S.L. , trading as Kelme ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkelme ] ) , is a Spanish sportswear company that creates and produces apparel and shoes . It was founded in 1963 by Diego and José Quiles and its products are destined for football , futsal , basketball , running and tennis market . Kelme is headquartered in Elche ( Alicante ) , Spain , but has other offices worldwide including a United States Division in Conover , North Carolina . Kelme sponsored a professional cycling team , together with the Valencian government . Their products are endorsed by high-profile players such as David James , Josemi and Paul Kelly , and others . Their football boots are made to provide established power , swerve , accuracy and durability . Daniel González Güiza wears the Kelme Masters for RCD Mallorca . Real Madrid and RCD Mallorca used to wear kits produced by Kelme .'}]}, {'value': 'SCG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siam_Cement_Group', 'summary': "The Siam Cement Group Public Company Limited ( SCG ; SET : SCC ) is the largest and oldest cement and building material company in Thailand and Southeast Asia . In 2016 , SCG was also ranked as the second largest company in Thailand and the 604th largest public company in the world by Forbes . The company is SET50 and SETHD-listed and an industry benchmark . The company 's major shareholder is the Crown Property Bureau , which owns 30 percent of Siam Cement 's shares . Consolidated revenues were 450 billion baht ( US $ 14 billion ) in FY2017 . :10 The cement and building materials unit contributed 38 percent ; 44 percent from the chemicals unit ; and 18 percent from the packaging unit . :11 In 2016 , SCG was ranked No.1 of the top graduate employer in Thailand polled by Asia Internship Program SCG was founded to set up the first cement plant in Bangkok , Thailand by a royal decree of King Rama VI ( Vajiravudh ) in 1913 . Since then , the company has expanded into various businesses with three core business units : SCG Cement-building materials ; SCG Chemicals ; and SCG Packaging . :1 Now , SCG heavily invests their company into Southeast Asia regions including packaging businesses in Malaysia , petrochemical complex in Vietnam , and many cement plants around the regions . SCG employs approximately 54,000 employees . The products are marketed domestically and exported to all regions of the world . Cementhai Holding Co. , Ltd. oversees SCG 's investment in various businesses ."}]}, {'value': 'Quảng Nam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Quảng_Nam', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Quảng Nam simply known as Quảng Nam , is a professional football club , based in Tam Kỳ , Quảng Nam province , Vietnam . They are now playing in V.League 1 . The club was formerly known as QNK Quảng Nam F.C . The team is currently playing at Tam Kỳ Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Vũ Hồng Việt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Đinh Thanh Trung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Đinh_Thanh_Trung', 'summary': 'Đinh Thanh Trung ( born 24 January 1988 in Hà Tĩnh , Vietnam ) is a Vietnamese midfielder who currently plays for Quảng Nam and former Vietnam national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'Jogarbola', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LS Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LS_Group', 'summary': 'LS Group is a South Korean chaebol ( conglomerate ) . It is composed of LS Corp. ( see below ) , E1 ( LPG ) , and YESCO ( LNG ) . LS Corp. is a holding company , which comprises LS Cable & System ( power & communications cables ) , LS Industrial Systems ( electrical equipment & automation systems ) , LS-Nikko Copper ( copper smelter & refiner ) and LS Mtron ( machinery & components ) . The company is controlled by the Koo family , the founding family of LG Group . LS Group was spun off from LG Group in 2003 . In 2010 , LS Group and its subsidiaries have approximately US $ 25.2 billion in revenue worldwide with about 100 subsidiaries in 25 countries . LS stands for Leading Solution . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Sài Gòn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Sài_Gòn', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Sài Gòn , simply known as Sài Gòn , is a Vietnamese football club based in Ho Chi Minh City and owned by Saigon Football Development Joint Stock Company . The club plays in the V.League 1 . The club was founded in 2011 as Hà Nội F.C . and relocated in 2016 to Ho Chi Minh City . The team plays at Thong Nhat Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Hoàng Văn Phúc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoàng_Văn_Phúc', 'summary': 'Hoàng Văn Phúc ( born 1964 ) is a Vietnamese former footballer who is the current manager of V.League 1 side Sài Gòn .'}]}, {'value': 'Nguyễn Ngọc Duy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nguyễn_Ngọc_Duy', 'summary': 'Nguyễn Ngọc Duy ( born 4 July 1986 ) is a Vietnamese footballer . He currently plays for and captains Vietnamese club Sài Gòn .'}]}, {'value': 'Ari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SHB Đà Nẵng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_SHB_Đà_Nẵng', 'summary': "Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá SHB Đà Nẵng , simply known as SHB Đà Nẵng , is a Vietnamese football club based in Da Nang that plays in the top division in Vietnamese football , V.League 1 . The club was known as Quảng Nam Đà Nẵng F.C . ( Vietnamese : Câu Lạc Bộ Bóng Đá Quảng Nam Đà Nẵng ) prior to the 2007-08 season , when it was bought out by the Saigon-Hanoi Commercial Joint Stock Bank ( SHB ) . The club won its first title in 2009 , emerging as 2009 V-League champions and qualifying for the 2010 AFC Champions League . In the same year , they were also champions of the Vietnamese Cup . Adding to these victories , Đà Nẵng 's U-21 team also became champions in 2009 youth championships . The club were champions of the 2012 V-League season . SHB Đà Nẵng F.C . is managed by former striker Lê Huỳnh Đức , who achieved a national record of 60 caps with the Vietnam 's national football team . In 2016 they moved into their new home stadium , Hòa Xuân Stadium , a dedicated football specific stadium holding 20,000 people ."}]}, {'value': 'Lê Huỳnh Đức', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lê_Huỳnh_Đức', 'summary': "Lê Huỳnh Đức ( born April 20 , 1972 in Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam ) is a Vietnamese football manager and former footballer currently coaching SHB Đà Nẵng of the V-League . Đức is a former member of the Vietnam national football team , with whom he earned 60 caps ( a national record ) , as well as being its top scorer . He became the first Vietnamese footballer to be signed to a club outside of Vietnam when he signed on for a year 's stint with Chongqing Lifan . In 2009 , he became both the youngest coach to win the V-League 's Best Coach of the Month award , and the first coach to win the award in three consecutive months . His coaching style is best known for its toughness and discipline , which is credited with helping SHB Đà Nẵng emerge as champions in the 2009 V-League season ."}]}, {'value': 'Hà Đức Chinh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hà_Đức_Chinh', 'summary': 'Hà Đức Chinh ( born September 22 , 1997 ) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a forward for SHB Đà Nẵng and the Vietnam national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamito', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SHB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sông Lam Nghệ An', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Sông_Lam_Nghệ_An', 'summary': "Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Sông Lam Nghệ An , simply known as Sông Lam Nghệ An , and commonly known as SLNA , is a professional V.League 1 football club playing at the Vinh Stadium in the city of Vinh , Nghệ An province , Vietnam . With 10 major titles , it is the second most successful club in Vietnam after Thể Công . In the international arena , the team performed well at the AFC Champions League in 2001 . In the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons , under the direction of the head coach , Nguyễn Hữu Thắng , Song Lam Nghe An achieved all three titles : the V.League 1 championship , Vietnamese Cup , and the Vietnamese Super Cup . The club 's current president is Nguyen Hong Thanh ."}]}, {'value': 'Ngô Quang Trường', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trần Nguyên Mạnh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trần_Nguyên_Mạnh', 'summary': 'Trần Nguyên Mạnh ( born 20 December 1991 ) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Sông Lam Nghệ An in the V.League 1 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mitre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mitre_Sports_International', 'summary': 'Mitre Sports International Ltd. , known as Mitre , is an English sportswear and equipment manufacturer , being the oldest of its kind in the world . Existing for over 200 years , the company was established in Huddersfield , England , in 1817 and is now owned by the British family owned company The Pentland Group . Mitre currently uses the Delta football in competitive professional matches . This includes the Football League Cup , The Football League , Scottish Premiership , Welsh Premier Division and the Football League Trophy . Mitre also supplies many other competitions including the Isthmian League , Evo-Stik Southern League , Spartan South Midlands League and many more . These leagues play with a variety of footballs including the Delta Hyperseam , Max Hyperseam and ProMax Hyperseam . Internationally the sports brand Mitre have their football used across a variety of competitions around including the AFF Championship and the S.League .'}]}, {'value': 'Bac A Bank', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Than Quảng Ninh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Than_Quảng_Ninh', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Than Quảng Ninh , simply known as Than Quảng Ninh , is a professional football club , based in Quảng Ninh Province , Vietnam . They are now playing in V.League 1 . The team is currently playing at Cửa Ông Stadium , due to the renovation of Cẩm Phả Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Phan Thanh Hùng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phan_Thanh_Hùng', 'summary': 'Phan Thanh Hùng ( born 1960 ) is a Vietnamese retired footballer who played as a striker . He is now the manager for Than Quảng Ninh . Hùng was also the head coach of Vietnam in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Huỳnh Tuấn Linh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huỳnh_Tuấn_Linh', 'summary': 'Huỳnh Tuấn Linh ( born 17 April 1991 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a Goalkeeper for Than Quảng Ninh He has also played for the Vietnamese national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Joma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joma', 'summary': 'Joma ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈxoma ] ) is a Spanish sports clothing manufacturer , which currently produces footwear and clothing for football , futsal , handball basketball , volleyball , running , tennis , padel , fitness . Its headquarters are located in Spain . Joma was founded in 1965 to produce shoes for general use . In 1968 , the company began to specialize in sport shoes production and distribution . After a relative success , Joma decided to enter into football market , obtaining a great success and becoming the leader in its country , consequently also with international success . Eventually , Joma Sport had opened offices in the United States , Europe and Asia being currently present in over 70 countries throughout the world . Joma Sport brand is in the top ten in the world-ranking .'}]}, {'value': 'Vinacomin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vinacomin', 'summary': 'Vinacomin ( Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Group , Vietnamese : Tập đoàn công nghiệp Than và Khoáng sản Việt Nam ( TKV ) ) is a Vietnamese mining company . The industrial conglomerate focuses on coal and mineral mining and has headquarters in Hạ Long , Quảng Ninh Province .'}]}, {'value': 'Thanh Hóa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Thanh_Hóa', 'summary': 'Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Thanh Hóa , simply known as Thanh Hóa is a Vietnamese football club based in Thanh Hóa . They are now playing in V.League 1 . The team is currently playing at Thanh Hóa Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Fabio Lopez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fabio_Lopez', 'summary': "Fabio Lopez ( born 17 June 1973 ) is an Italian football manager of Spanish descent and a former footballer . Lopez has coached many Italian academy clubs , scouted for Atalanta B.C . and ACF Fiorentina , and managed a number of clubs throughout Eastern Europe and Asia . He holds a UEFA Pro Coaching Licence . Lopez 's first senior managerial role was at FK Banga Gargždai , starting in January 2007 . He is known for his strong leadership qualities , his ability to analyse and solve problems and his excellent interpersonal and communication skills with players ."}]}, {'value': 'Lê Văn Thắng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lê_Văn_Thắng', 'summary': 'Lê Văn Thắng ( born 8 February 1990 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a winger , striker for Vietnamese club Thanh Hóa and the Vietnamese national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Jogarbola', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rapido', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TP Hồ Chí Minh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_FC', 'summary': "Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh or simply TP Hồ Chí Minh , commonly known as the Ho Chi Minh City FC , is a professional football club based in Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam . The team play in the V.League 1 , the highest level of Vietnamese football , since the 2017 season after winning the Vietnam 's second tier league in the 2016 season . The club was formerly known as Cảng Sài Gòn . The team 's home ground is the Thống Nhất Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Jung Hae-seong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jung_Hae-seong', 'summary': 'Chung Hae-soung ( Korean : 정해성 , Hanja : 鄭海成 , born March 4 , 1958 in Busan , South Korea ) is a South Korean football manager and former player . He is manager of Hồ Chí Minh City .'}]}, {'value': 'Trần Phi Sơn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trần_Phi_Sơn', 'summary': 'Trần Phi Sơn ( born 14 March 1992 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a Winger for V-League ( Vietnam ) club Hồ Chí Minh City F.C . He started his career with Sông Lam Nghệ An'}]}, {'value': 'Kappa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CityLand', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viettel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CLB_Viettel', 'summary': "Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Viettel , simply known as Viettel , is a Vietnamese football club based in Hanoi . The club belongs to the Vietnam People 's Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Trương Việt Hoàng', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bùi Tiến Dũng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bùi_Tiến_Dũng_(footballer,_born_1995)', 'summary': 'Bùi Tiến Dũng ( born 2 October 1995 ) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a centre-back for V.League 1 club Viettel'}]}, {'value': 'FBT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viettel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viettel', 'summary': "Viettel Group ( Vietnamese : Tập đoàn Công nghiệp - Viễn thông Quân đội , lit . 'Army Telecommunication Industry Corporation ' ) is a Vietnamese multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Hanoi , Vietnam . Viettel is the largest telecommunications service provider in Vietnam . It is a state-owned enterprise and operated by the Ministry of Defence . Viettel Mobile is the most iconic product of Viettel and Viettel Telecom is currently the dominant network operator with the largest market share in Vietnamese telecommunications services market . For 30 years , Viettel has grown from a construction company to a complex of five business lines including telecommunications and information technology ( IT ) ; research and manufacture of electronic and telecommunications equipment ; defense industry ; cyber security and digital services . Viettel is considered one of the largest and most effective state-owned enterprises of Vietnam , thanks to its highest revenue , largest contribution to the State budget and highest brand value . Since 2000 , Viettel has earned VND 1.78 quadrillion of revenue whereas its profit , owner 's equity and return on equity reached VND 334 trillion , VND 134 trillion and 30-40% , respectively . Viettel has spent VND 3,500 billion in CSR activities . As of 2018 [ update ] , Viettel had 50,000 employees inside and outside the country , and served 110 million subscribers ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Clubs -- Personnel and kits', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'V.League_(Vietnam)_0', 'intro': "V.League 1 (Vietnamese: Giải Bóng đá Vô Địch Quốc Gia Việt Nam), also called Wake Up 247 V.League 1 due to sponsorship reasons, is the top professional football league in Vietnam, controlled by the Vietnam Professional Football Joint Stock Company. It is contested by 14 clubs who play each other on a home and away basis. The team finishing at the top at the end of the season is crowned the champion and enters the AFC Champions League. The league was founded in 1980 as the All Vietnam Football Championship, with Tổng Cục Đường Sắt emerging as the first winner. Thể Công is the most successful club in the league's history, having won the title five times. The league turned professional in the 2000-2001 season, which allowed clubs to hire foreign players. Vietnam Professional Football (VPF) was established in 2012, and the organising power was transferred from the Vietnam Football Federation (VFF) to VPF."}
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What team is captained by a Vietnamese Ghanaian footballer and has a manager that was born in 1994 ?
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Dược Nam Hà Nam Định
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ff57cae8238aec11
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Green_Grass', 'title': 'The Green Green Grass', 'header': ['Actor', 'Character', 'Year ( s )', 'Episodes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Paul Barber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Barber_(actor)', 'summary': 'Patrick Barber , known by the stage name Paul Barber ( born 18 March 1951 ) , is an English actor from Liverpool . In a career spanning more than 30 years , he is best known for playing Denzil in Only Fools and Horses and Horse in The Full Monty .'}]}, {'value': 'Denzil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Heather', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Heather', 'summary': "Roy Heather ( 20 May 1935 - 3 September 2014 ) was an English television actor best remembered for playing cafe owner Sid in the sitcom Only Fools and Horses . Heather was born in Stoke Poges , Buckinghamshire . After leaving school , he worked for an asbestos firm before National Service with the Royal Air Force . He then did several jobs , including working as a Betterware household goods salesman , while continuing his interest in amateur acting . He was spotted by David Tudor , who gave him his first professional job in repertory theatre at the age of 44 . While working for Tudor , he played many leading roles including Frank in Winter Journey and Reg in The Norman Conquests , and co-starred in the world premiere of Aurelia , with Ingrid Pitt . He debuted the role of Pistol in Peter Mottley 's stage monologue , After Agincourt . Heather appeared in various British television shows , usually in small roles , including Edge of Darkness , Poirot , The Legacy of Reginald Perrin , Birds of a Feather , Hi-De-Hi , Bottom , The Green Green Grass , The Bill and an episode of series 10 of BBC sitcom My Family . He appeared as a nameless old man in the Al Murray/Richard Herring programme Time Gentlemen Please . He also attended fan conventions for Only Fools and Horses ."}]}, {'value': 'Sid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Marsden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Marsden', 'summary': "Roy Marsden ( born Roy Anthony Mould ; 25 June 1941 ) is an English actor , who is probably best known for his portrayal of Adam Dalgliesh in the Anglia Television dramatisations of P. D. James 's detective novels ."}]}, {'value': 'Danny Driscoll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2005 , 2006 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christopher Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christopher_Ryan', 'summary': "Christopher Ryan ( born Christopher Papazoglou ; 25 January 1950 ) is an English actor best known for his roles as Mike in the BBC comedy series The Young Ones , Tony Driscoll in the BBC comedy series Only Fools and Horses , and as Edina Monsoon 's ex-husband Marshall Turtle in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous ."}]}, {'value': 'Tony Driscoll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2005 , 2006 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Bown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Bown', 'summary': 'Paul Bown ( born 11 October 1957 ) is an English actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Colin Cakeworthy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2006 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June Whitfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/June_Whitfield', 'summary': "Dame June Rosemary Whitfield DBE ( 11 November 1925 - 29 December 2018 [ a ] ) was an English radio , television and film actress . Her big break was a lead in the BBC Light Programme radio comedy Take It from Here from 1953 . Television roles soon followed , including appearances with Tony Hancock throughout his television career . In 1966 , Whitfield played the leading role in the television sitcom Beggar My Neighbour which ran for three series . She also appeared in four Carry On films : Carry On Nurse ( 1959 ) , Carry On Abroad ( 1972 ) , Carry On Girls ( 1973 ) and Carry On Columbus ( 1992 ) . In 1968 , Whitfield and Terry Scott began a long television partnership , which peaked with roles as husband and wife in Happy Ever After ( 1974-79 ) and Terry and June ( 1979-87 ) . From 1992 , Whitfield played Edina Monsoon 's mother in Jennifer Saunders ' Absolutely Fabulous . She played a regular character in Last of the Summer Wine and a recurring character in The Green Green Grass . From 1993 to 2001 , Whitfield played Miss Marple in the dramatisation of all twelve Agatha Christie Miss Marple novels on BBC Radio 4 ."}]}, {'value': "Dora , Marlene 's mother", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2007 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karen Paullada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karen_Paullada', 'summary': 'Karen Paullada is a Welsh actress who has worked extensively in television and theatre roles . She is best known for playing Nadine in the Sky1 TV comedy drama series Stella .'}]}, {'value': 'Rhian', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Usher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Usher', 'summary': 'Michael Usher ( born 1969 ) is an Australian presenter and reporter . Usher currently presents Seven News Sydney on Friday and Saturday and The Latest : Seven News .'}]}, {'value': 'Footballer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricky Hatton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Hatton', 'summary': "Richard John Hatton , MBE ( born 6 October 1978 ) is a British former professional boxer who competed between 1997 and 2012 , and has since worked as a boxing promoter and trainer . During his boxing career he held multiple world championships at light-welterweight and one at welterweight . Hatton is ranked by BoxRec as the best British light-welterweight of all time , the third best in Europe , and eleventh best worldwide . In 2005 he was named Fighter of the Year by The Ring magazine , the Boxing Writers Association of America , and ESPN . In 2000 , Hatton won the British light-welterweight title , followed by the WBU title the following year ; he made a record fifteen successful defences of the latter from 2001 to 2004 . He reached the pinnacle of his career in 2005 by defeating Kostya Tszyu for the IBF , Ring and lineal titles . This was followed up later that year with a victory over Carlos Maussa to claim the WBA ( Super ) title , thereby becoming a unified light-welterweight world champion . Making his welterweight debut in 2006 , Hatton won a tough fight against WBA champion Luis Collazo to win a world title in his second weight class . A return to light-welterweight in 2007 saw him win the vacant IBF title for a second time , as well as the IBO title . In the same year , Hatton suffered a career first defeat against Floyd Mayweather Jr. in an attempt to win the WBC , Ring and lineal welterweight titles . This defeat took a severe toll on Hatton 's wellbeing , as did a second defeat in 2009 when he lost his IBO , Ring and lineal light-welterweight titles to Manny Pacquiao . After Hatton 's career was put on a long hiatus , rumours of a comeback continued to circulate the media over the next several years ."}]}, {'value': 'Himself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Wendt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Wendt', 'summary': 'George Robert Wendt III ( born October 17 , 1948 ) is an American actor and comedian . He is best known for playing Norm Peterson on the television sitcom Cheers ( 1982-93 ) , which has earned him six consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series . He also appeared in films Fletch , Gung Ho , Dreamscape , House , Forever Young , Hostage for a Day , Man of the House , and Lakeboat .'}]}, {'value': 'Cliff Cooper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paula Wilcox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paula_Wilcox', 'summary': 'Paula Wilcox ( born 13 December 1949 ) is an English actress . She is best known for roles in TV shows such as Girlfriends , Upstart Crow , Mount Pleasant , Boomers , Emmerdale , The Smoking Room , The Queens Nose and Man About The House .'}]}, {'value': 'Pertunia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_The_Green_Green_Grass_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of characters for the British sitcom The Green Green Grass that has aired on BBC One since 9 September 2005 . The Green Green Grass centres on the fictional Boyce family and their employees , who live or work on Winterdown Farm in Shropshire . The household is led by Boycie and Marlene , as played by John Challis and Sue Holderness . They have one child , Tyler , as played by Jack Doolan . They employ four members of staff , Elgin , Bryan , Jed and Imelda Cakeworthy , as played by David Ross , Ivan Kaye , Peter Heppelthwaite and Ella Kenion . Other regulars in the series include Beth as played by Lisa Diveney , Llewellyn as played by Alan David , Ray as played by Nigel Harrison and Sara as played by Samantha Sutherland . Dora as played by June Whitfield and The Driscoll Brothers as played by Roy Marsden and Christopher Ryan have all made three appearances in The Green Green Grass .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Jason', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Jason', 'summary': "Sir David John White OBE ( born 2 February 1940 ) , known professionally by his stage name David Jason , is an English actor , comedian , screenwriter , television presenter and producer . He is best known for his roles as Derek Del Boy Trotter in the BBC comedy series sitcom Only Fools and Horses , Detective Inspector Jack Frost in A Touch of Frost , Granville in Open All Hours and Still Open All Hours , and Pop Larkin in The Darling Buds of May , as well as voicing Mr. Toad in The Wind in the Willows and the title characters of Danger Mouse and Count Duckula . His last original appearance as Del Boy was in 2014 , while Jason retired his role as Frost in 2010 . In September 2006 Jason topped the poll to find TV 's 50 Greatest Stars , as part of ITV 's 50th anniversary celebrations . He was knighted in 2005 for services to drama . Jason has won four British Academy Television Awards ( BAFTAs ) , ( 1988 , 1991 , 1997 , 2003 ) , four British Comedy Awards ( 1990 , 1992 , 1997 , 2001 ) and seven National Television Awards ( 1996 twice , 1997 , 2001 twice , 2002 and 2011 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Del Boy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Del_Boy', 'summary': "Derek Edward Trotter , more commonly known as Del Boy ( born 12 July 1948 ) , is the fictional lead character in the popular BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses and one of the main characters of its prequel , Rock & Chips . He was played by David Jason in the original series and was portrayed as a teenager by James Buckley in the prequel . Del Boy is often regarded as one of the greatest comedy characters in the history of British television , and is regarded as an iconic character in British culture . In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Del Boy was ranked fourth on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters . Encompassing everything Cockney ( though coming from Peckham not an actual Cockney ) , Del is known for his broken French quotes , which are usually completely out of context , and a variety of catchphrases , including : He who dares , wins ! , This time next year we 'll be millionaires , Lovely Jubbly ! , You know it makes sense ( which he usually says to his customers after they have agreed on a deal ) , Shut up you tart and You plonker ! , usually said to Rodney ."}]}, {'value': '2009 ( Flashback )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicholas Lyndhurst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicholas_Lyndhurst', 'summary': "Nicholas Simon Lyndhurst ( born 20 April 1961 ) is an English actor . He played Rodney Trotter in Only Fools and Horses , Gary Sparrow in Goodnight Sweetheart , Dan Griffin in the BBC drama New Tricks and Adam Parkinson in Carla Lane 's series Butterflies . Lyndhurst also starred as Ashley Philips in The Two of Us , as Fletch 's son Raymond in Going Straight , the sequel to the sitcom Porridge , Jimmy Venables in After You 've Gone , and Freddie 'The Frog ' Robdal in the Only Fools and Horses prequel Rock & Chips . For his performance in Only Fools and Horses , Lyndhurst received three BAFTA nominations : two for Best Entertainment Performance and one for Best Comedy Performance ."}]}, {'value': 'Rodney Trotter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodney_Trotter', 'summary': 'Rodney Charlton Trotter is a fictional character in the long running BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses , played by Nicholas Lyndhurst .'}]}, {'value': '2009 ( Flashback )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Cast -- Guest appearances', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'The_Green_Green_Grass_0', 'intro': 'The Green Green Grass is a BBC television sitcom, created and initially written by John Sullivan, produced by Shazam Productions for the BBC. It is a sequel/spin-off of the long running sitcom Only Fools and Horses and stars John Challis, Sue Holderness and Jack Doolan. Four series and three Christmas specials were originally broadcast on BBC One between 2005 and 2009. The series follows three characters from Only Fools and Horses; Boycie (John Challis), his wife Marlene (Sue Holderness) and their teenage son Tyler. In the first episode, they are forced to move from Peckham to escape the Driscoll brothers. They decide to set up home on a farm in rural Shropshire.'}
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When was the demise of the actor whose character was Sid ?
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3 September 2014
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ff5971ca525c89bf
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_NFL_Draft', 'title': '2007 NFL Draft', 'header': ['Original NFL team', 'Player', 'Pos', 'College', 'Conf'], 'data': [{'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': 'The 2007 Arizona Cardinals season was the 88th season for the team in the National Football League , and their 20th season in Arizona . They improved upon their 5-11 record in 2006 after finishing last place in the NFC West , by finishing 8-8 , but the failure of the Cardinals to qualify for the Super Bowl marked the 23rd consecutive year in which the Super Bowl did not include the team in whose region the game was being played . Two heartbreaking losses to the San Francisco 49ers , who won only five games that season , came back to haunt them in the end , as they barely missed the playoffs by just one game . Nonetheless , Pro Football Reference argues that the 2007 Cardinals had the easiest schedule of any non-playoff team since the 1965 Eagles : they never opposed any team with a better record than 10-6 in any of their sixteen games .'}]}, {'value': 'Tim Castille', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Castille', 'summary': 'Timothy Nehemiah Castille ( born May 29 , 1984 ) is an American football coach and former fullback . He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Alabama .'}]}, {'value': 'FB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': 'A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal .'}]}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2006 Alabama Crimson Tide football team represented the University of Alabama for the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Tide was led by head coach Mike Shula entering his fourth year at Alabama . Despite a strong 5-2 start , they finished out the season by losing four of their final five games . The team closed the regular season at 6-6 ( 4-4 , SEC ) and lost for a fifth-straight time to rival Auburn . Following the loss Shula was fired as head coach and defensive coordinator Joe Kines served as interim head coach for the bowl game . The Tide were defeated by Oklahoma State in the 2006 Independence Bowl 34-31 to finish the season with a 6-7 ( 2-6 ) record . However three years later all six wins of the season were vacated as part of a penalty placed against Alabama by the NCAA for infractions committed during the season . As such , the official record for the 2006 squad is 0-7 .'}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': 'The 2007 Arizona Cardinals season was the 88th season for the team in the National Football League , and their 20th season in Arizona . They improved upon their 5-11 record in 2006 after finishing last place in the NFC West , by finishing 8-8 , but the failure of the Cardinals to qualify for the Super Bowl marked the 23rd consecutive year in which the Super Bowl did not include the team in whose region the game was being played . Two heartbreaking losses to the San Francisco 49ers , who won only five games that season , came back to haunt them in the end , as they barely missed the playoffs by just one game . Nonetheless , Pro Football Reference argues that the 2007 Cardinals had the easiest schedule of any non-playoff team since the 1965 Eagles : they never opposed any team with a better record than 10-6 in any of their sixteen games .'}]}, {'value': 'David Holloway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Holloway_(American_football)', 'summary': 'David Alexander Holloway ( born December 4 , 1983 in Stephentown , New York ) is a former American football linebacker . He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Maryland . Holloway has also been a member of the Washington Redskins , Cleveland Browns and Jacksonville Jaguars . He is the son of former NFL offensive lineman Brian Holloway .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Maryland_Terrapins_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . It was the Terrapins ' 54th season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) and its second within the framework of the ACC Atlantic Division . Ralph Friedgen led the team for his sixth season as head coach , and he also served as the team 's offensive play-caller . Chris Cosh served as the defensive coordinator . The Terrapins completed the season with a 9-4 record and an ACC record of 5-3 ."}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': 'The 2007 Arizona Cardinals season was the 88th season for the team in the National Football League , and their 20th season in Arizona . They improved upon their 5-11 record in 2006 after finishing last place in the NFC West , by finishing 8-8 , but the failure of the Cardinals to qualify for the Super Bowl marked the 23rd consecutive year in which the Super Bowl did not include the team in whose region the game was being played . Two heartbreaking losses to the San Francisco 49ers , who won only five games that season , came back to haunt them in the end , as they barely missed the playoffs by just one game . Nonetheless , Pro Football Reference argues that the 2007 Cardinals had the easiest schedule of any non-playoff team since the 1965 Eagles : they never opposed any team with a better record than 10-6 in any of their sixteen games .'}]}, {'value': 'Lyle Sendlein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyle_Sendlein', 'summary': 'Lyle Sendlein ( born March 16 , 1984 ) is a former American football center . He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Texas .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Texas_Longhorns_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team 's head football coach was Mack Brown . The Longhorns ( also known as Texas or UT or the Horns ) played their home games in Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium ( DKR ) , which during 2006 was undergoing some renovations to improve older sections as well as to add extra seating capacity . The 2006 team was the defending national champions since the previous year 's team won both the Big 12 Conference championship and the National Championship . That was the program 's second Big 12 Championship ( 27 conference championships total , including 25 in the Southwest Conference ) , and fourth consensus national championship in football . Their championship victory in the 2006 Rose Bowl was also the 800th win for the program and the Longhorns entered the season ranked third in the all-time list of both total wins and winning percentage ( .7143 ) . In 2006 , the Longhorn 's game against Ohio State University in September was one of the most anticipated college football games of the regular season . Texas lost the game to Ohio State and completed the regular season with an overall record of 9 wins - 3 losses , and a 6-2 record in conference games . They were ranked 19th in the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) rankings , issued prior to the bowl season . The Longhorns ended their season with a victory in the 2006 Alamo Bowl against the unranked , 6-6 Iowa Hawkeyes to improve to an overall record of 10 wins - 3 losses . They were ranked 13th in the final national rankings by both the Associated Press AP Poll and the USA Today Coaches Poll As of May 1 , 2007 seven players from this team had been drafted by professional football teams and two more had signed professional contracts as free agents ."}]}, {'value': 'Big 12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_12_Conference', 'summary': "The Big 12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . The conference consists of ten full-member universities . It is a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for all sports . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , in the states of Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private , Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has 11 affiliate members - eight for the sport of wrestling , one of which is also a member in women 's equestrianism ; one for women 's gymnastics ; and two for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25 , 1994 . The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference , which commenced competition on August 31 , 1996 . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010-13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A & M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Atlanta_Falcons_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Atlanta Falcons season was the 42nd season for the franchise in the National Football League ( NFL ) . They finished the 2007 season with a record of 4-12 and failed to improve upon their 7-9 record in 2006 after finishing third place in the NFC South . The season was marred with the Falcons ' starting quarterback Michael Vick getting indicted on federal and state charges over his involvement in an illegal dog fighting ring . New head coach Bobby Petrino was initially hired to help develop Vick into a more complete quarterback and improve the Falcons ' languid offense ( ranked 25th in scoring ) from the previous season , but with Vick 's absence and longtime dependable backup quarterback Matt Schaub traded to the Houston Texans before Vick 's indictment , Petrino was instead forced to rely on journeyman quarterbacks Joey Harrington , Byron Leftwich and Chris Redman for the offense . Petrino 's game plan did n't fit , both on the field and in the locker room , with veteran players Alge Crumpler and DeAngelo Hall voicing their displeasure . Petrino later resigned just 13 games into the season to coach the Arkansas Razorbacks . Petrino resigned the day after Michael Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison and also a day after Petrino coached the Falcons in a 34-14 loss to the New Orleans Saints on Monday Night Football ."}]}, {'value': 'Kurt Quarterman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kurt_Quarterman', 'summary': 'Kurt Quarterman ( born October 5 , 1983 ) is a former American football guard . He last played for the Sacramento Mountain Lions in the United Football League in 2012 . He played college football at the University of Louisville .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Louisville_Cardinals_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team , led by Bobby Petrino in his fourth year at the school , played their home games in Papa John 's Cardinal Stadium . Playing in their second year in the Big East Conference , the team finished the regular season with eleven wins and one loss and were conference champions . They represented the Big East in the 2007 Orange Bowl and with the win ended the season with a 12-1 record . The team ended the season ranked fifth in the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Atlanta_Falcons_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Atlanta Falcons season was the 42nd season for the franchise in the National Football League ( NFL ) . They finished the 2007 season with a record of 4-12 and failed to improve upon their 7-9 record in 2006 after finishing third place in the NFC South . The season was marred with the Falcons ' starting quarterback Michael Vick getting indicted on federal and state charges over his involvement in an illegal dog fighting ring . New head coach Bobby Petrino was initially hired to help develop Vick into a more complete quarterback and improve the Falcons ' languid offense ( ranked 25th in scoring ) from the previous season , but with Vick 's absence and longtime dependable backup quarterback Matt Schaub traded to the Houston Texans before Vick 's indictment , Petrino was instead forced to rely on journeyman quarterbacks Joey Harrington , Byron Leftwich and Chris Redman for the offense . Petrino 's game plan did n't fit , both on the field and in the locker room , with veteran players Alge Crumpler and DeAngelo Hall voicing their displeasure . Petrino later resigned just 13 games into the season to coach the Arkansas Razorbacks . Petrino resigned the day after Michael Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison and also a day after Petrino coached the Falcons in a 34-14 loss to the New Orleans Saints on Monday Night Football ."}]}, {'value': 'Eric Weems', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_Weems', 'summary': 'Eric Grimes Weems ( born July 4 , 1985 ) is a former American football wide receiver , special teamer , and return specialist . He played college football at Bethune-Cookman and was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He has also played for the Chicago Bears and Tennessee Titans .'}]}, {'value': 'WR / KR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Return_specialist', 'summary': "A return specialist or kick returner is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning punts and kickoffs . There are few players who are exclusively return specialists ; most also play another position such as wide receiver , defensive back , or running back . The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist . According to All-American Venric Mark , Returning punts is harder . You have to judge the ball more , you have to know when to fair catch and when not to . You ca n't be a superhero and try to catch everything . With kickoff returns , you catch the ball and - boom - you 're going ."}]}, {'value': 'Bethune-Cookman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethune-Cookman_Wildcats_football', 'summary': 'The Bethune-Cookman Wildcats football team represents Bethune-Cookman University in the sport of college football . The Wildcats compete in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the south division of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) . They play their home games at Daytona Stadium . The Wildcats have won two black college football national championships and seven MEAC titles in the history of their football program .'}]}, {'value': 'MEAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose full members are historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southeastern and the Mid-Atlantic United States . It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I , and in football , in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . Currently , the MEAC has automatic qualifying bids for NCAA postseason play in baseball ( since 1994 ) , men 's basketball ( since 1981 ) , women 's basketball ( since 1982 ) , football ( 1996-2015 ) , softball ( since 1995 ) , men and women 's tennis ( since 1998 ) , and volleyball ( since 1994 ) . Bowling was officially sanctioned as a MEAC governed sport in 1999 . Before that season , the MEAC was the first conference to secure NCAA sanctioning for women 's bowling by adopting the club sport prior to the 1996-97 school year ."}]}, {'value': 'Carolina Panthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Carolina_Panthers_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Carolina Panthers season was the franchise 's 13th season in the National Football League and the team 's 11th season at Bank of America Stadium . They failed to improve upon their 8-8 record in 2006 , finishing at 7-9 and missing the playoffs for the second straight season ."}]}, {'value': 'Quinton Teal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quinton_Teal', 'summary': "Quinton Teal ( born March 8 , 1984 ) is a former American football defensive back . He was born in Bennettsville , South Carolina where he attended Marlboro County High School . He played college football at Coastal Carolina University . A three-time first team All-Big South winner , he holds the Big South Conference record with 17 career interceptions . At Coastal Carolina , Teal played with future NFL players QB Tyler Thigpen , Miami Dolphins , WR Jerome Simpson , Cincinnati Bengals , FB Mike Tolbert , Carolina Panthers . In the 2007 season he ranked third on the Panthers with 13 special teams tackles . He made his first NFL start against the Dallas Cowboys on December 22 and responded with a career-high seven tackles . He was the only undrafted rookie free agent to make Carolina 's 53-man roster . Had 45 tackles in his 3-year career with the Panthers ( 2007-2009 ) . On April 29 , 2010 Teal signed with the Seattle Seahawks but was later cut from the team . On August 10 , 2010 Teal signed a two-year contract with the San Diego Chargers but was released during final cuts on September 4 , 2010 . He was then re-signed by the team on September 28 , 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'DB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_back', 'summary': 'In gridiron football , defensive backs ( DBs ) are the players on the defensive team who take positions somewhat back from the line of scrimmage ; they are distinguished from the defensive line players and linebackers , who take positions directly behind or close to the line of scrimmage . The defensive backs , in turn , generally are classified into several different specialized positions :'}]}, {'value': 'Coastal Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coastal_Carolina_Chanticleers_football', 'summary': 'The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football team represents Coastal Carolina University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football ( B ) owl Subdivision level . The Chanticleers are members of the Sun Belt Conference , fielding its teams at the FBS level since 2017 . The Chanticleers play their home games at James C. Benton Field at Brooks Stadium in Conway , South Carolina . Their current head coach is Jamey Chadwell , who took over the full-time position in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Big South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_South_Conference', 'summary': "The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I . Originally a non-football conference , the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 . Its football teams are part of the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . The Big South , founded in 1983 , is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States , with full member institutions located in North Carolina , South Carolina , and Virginia . Associate members are located in Alabama , Georgia , and New Jersey ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Chicago_Bears_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Chicago Bears season was the franchise 's 88th season in the National Football League . The season officially began on September 9 , 2007 against the San Diego Chargers , and concluded on December 30 against the New Orleans Saints . The Bears entered the 2007 season as the National Football Conference Champions and had hopes of returning to the Super Bowl , but instead finished the season with a disappointing 7-9 record , and missing the playoffs for the first time since 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fontel Mines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fontel_Mines', 'summary': 'Fontel Mines ( born February 26 , 1985 ) is a wide receivers coach for East Carolina and a former American football tight end in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Virginia_Cavaliers_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team 's head coach was Al Groh . They played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville , Virginia ."}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': 'The 2007 Cincinnati Bengals season was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League and their 40th overall season . The team attempted to improve upon their 8-8 record in 2006 and were looking to return to the playoffs after narrowly missing them . They failed to do so , finishing with a 7-9 record .'}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Coats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Coats_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Daniel Coats ( born April 16 , 1984 ) is a former American football tight end . He was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Brigham Young University . He has also played for the Denver Broncos .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tight_end', 'summary': "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ."}]}, {'value': 'BYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_BYU_Cougars_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 BYU Cougars football team represents Brigham Young University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The Cougars won the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) championship outright with an 11-2 record ( 8-0 in the MWC ) , their first unbeaten conference play since 2001 . This was also BYU 's third season with at least a share of the MWC title ( co-champions with CSU and Utah in 1999 , and sole champions in 2001 ) . The Cougars play their home games at LaVell Edwards Stadium , named after its legendary coach , LaVell Edwards ."}]}, {'value': 'MWC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference', 'summary': 'The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West .'}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Browns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Cleveland_Browns_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise 's 59th season as a professional sports franchise and it 55th season as a member of the National Football League . The season began with the Browns attempting to improve upon their 4-12 record from the 2006 season , in which the team finished in fourth place in the AFC North . The Browns also attempted to overcome the many injuries that plagued the team throughout the 2006 season . The Browns remained under the supervision of head coach Romeo Crennel and they played all of their home games in Cleveland Browns Stadium in Cleveland , Ohio . During the 2007 NFL Draft , the Browns selected Wisconsin offensive tackle Joe Thomas with the third overall selection . The Browns were also able to draft Notre Dame quarterback Brady Quinn with the 22nd overall selection , after completing a trade with the Dallas Cowboys , which saw the Browns send their second-round pick in the 2007 draft , along with their first-round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft , to the Cowboys for their first-round selection at number 22 . The Browns completed their first-day draft by selecting UNLV cornerback Eric Wright , following another trade with Dallas , which saw the Browns giving up their third- and fourth-round picks in the 2007 draft and swapping sixth-round picks with the Cowboys . During the off-season , the Browns signed key free agents Eric Steinbach ( Cincinnati , offensive guard ) , Jamal Lewis ( Baltimore , running back ) , and Robaire Smith ( Tennessee , defensive end ) . The Browns ultimately finished the season with a 10-6 record but nevertheless failed to qualify for the playoffs . They were beaten for the division title on a tiebreaker by the Pittsburgh Steelers and lost another tiebreaker for a wildcard berth to the Tennessee Titans . As of the 2019 NFL season , this remains the best record and the last winning season the Browns have had since returning to the NFL in 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'Charles Ali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Ali', 'summary': 'Charles Ali ( born August 23 , 1984 ) is a former American football fullback . He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Arkansas-Pine Bluff . Ali has also been a member of the New York Sentinels , Baltimore Ravens , and Arizona Cardinals .'}]}, {'value': 'FB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': 'A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal .'}]}, {'value': 'Arkansas-Pine Bluff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas–Pine_Bluff_Golden_Lions_football', 'summary': 'The UAPB Golden Lions are the college football team representing the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff . The Golden Lions play in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'SWAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama , which is made up of historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southern United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I for all sports ; in football , it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , formerly referred to as Division I-AA . The SWAC is widely considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with professional sports teams , particularly in football . On the gridiron , the conference has been the biggest draw on the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) level of the NCAA , leading the nation in average home attendance every year except one since FCS has been in existence . In 1994 , the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 2007 season was the Dallas Cowboys ' 48th in the National Football League ( NFL ) , their 19th under the ownership of Jerry Jones , their 36th playing their home games at Texas Stadium , their first season under offensive coordinator Jason Garrett and their first season under head coach Wade Phillips . The Cowboys finished the regular season tied for the best record in the NFC ( 13-3 ) , and earned a first-round bye and home field advantage throughout the playoffs . However , they lost their first playoff game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants , a team that they had defeated in their two regular-season matchups , both by ten points or more . With the loss , it extended the Cowboys drought of playoff wins to eleven years and tied the NFL record of 6 straight playoff games lost . 13 players were named to the Pro Bowl , an NFL record ."}]}, {'value': 'Richard Bartel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Bartel', 'summary': 'Richard John Bartel ( born February 3 , 1983 ) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys , Cleveland Browns , Jacksonville Jaguars , Washington Redskins and Arizona Cardinals . He played college football at Tarleton State . He also played baseball in the Cincinnati Reds minor league organization .'}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Tarleton State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tarleton_State_Texans_football', 'summary': "The Tarleton State Texans ( formerly the Tarleton State Texans and TexAnns ) are the athletic teams that represent Tarleton State University of Stephenville , Texas in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports . Before Tarleton State became a four-year institution in 1961 , they were known as the Plowboys . The Texans compete as members of the Lone Star Conference for all 14 varsity sports . Tarleton State re-joined the Lone Star Conference in 1995 after having previously participated from 1968 to 1975 . They were a founding member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association ( TIAA ) in 1976 and remained in that league until 1990 . From 1991 to 1994 Tarleton played as an independent . The Tarleton State Texans have announced that they will reclassify to NCAA Division I and join the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) for the 2020-2021 season . As the WAC does not sponsor football , Tarleton State 's football program will compete as a FCS independent ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dallas Cowboys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Dallas_Cowboys_season', 'summary': "The 2007 season was the Dallas Cowboys ' 48th in the National Football League ( NFL ) , their 19th under the ownership of Jerry Jones , their 36th playing their home games at Texas Stadium , their first season under offensive coordinator Jason Garrett and their first season under head coach Wade Phillips . The Cowboys finished the regular season tied for the best record in the NFC ( 13-3 ) , and earned a first-round bye and home field advantage throughout the playoffs . However , they lost their first playoff game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants , a team that they had defeated in their two regular-season matchups , both by ten points or more . With the loss , it extended the Cowboys drought of playoff wins to eleven years and tied the NFL record of 6 straight playoff games lost . 13 players were named to the Pro Bowl , an NFL record ."}]}, {'value': 'Matt Moore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Moore_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Matthew Erickson Moore ( born August 9 , 1984 ) is an American football quarterback for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League . He was signed by the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2007 , and has also played for the Carolina Panthers and Miami Dolphins . He played college football at UCLA and Oregon State .'}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Oregon State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Oregon_State_Beavers_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team 's head coach was Mike Riley , with home games being played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis , Oregon ."}]}, {'value': 'Pac-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pac-12_Conference', 'summary': "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ."}]}, {'value': 'Denver Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Denver_Broncos_season', 'summary': "The 2007 season was the Denver Broncos ' 38th in the National Football League and their 48th overall . A loss to the Houston Texans in Week 15 and a win by the San Diego Chargers the following Sunday knocked them out of playoff contention , marking the second year in a row they failed to make the playoffs . The Broncos ' 7-9 record was the worst since 1999 , their last losing season ( when they went 6-10 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Roderick Rogers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roderick_Rogers', 'summary': 'Roderick Rogers ( born September 7 , 1984 in Stone Mountain , Georgia ) is a former American football defensive back . He was signed by the Denver Broncos as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Wisconsin . Rogers has also been a member of the Minnesota Vikings and New England Patriots .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin-Madison during the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . Led by first-year head coach Bret Bielema , the Badgers completed the season with a 12-1 record , including a 7-1 mark in the Big Ten Conference , good for a second-place tie with Michigan . The season was one of the most successful in Badgers football history . The 11 regular-season wins and 12 overall wins were both single season records for the Badgers , and the season ended with a second straight victory in the Capital One Bowl , over Arkansas , 17-14 . The Badgers , who were not ranked in the preseason and were expected to finish in the middle of the Big Ten , surprised many with their success and ended the season ranked # 7 in the AP Poll and # 5 in the Coaches ' Poll ."}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Green Bay Packers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Green_Bay_Packers_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Green Bay Packers season was the franchise 's 89th overall and 87th season in the National Football League . The Packers finished the regular season with a 13-3 record . They received a bye for the first round of the playoffs , won their divisional round playoff game , and lost in the NFC Championship game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants . This was the last season for quarterback Brett Favre as a Green Bay Packer , as he initially retired following the season but came out of retirement and was subsequently traded to the New York Jets during the offseason . This season also marked the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Packers ' home stadium of Lambeau Field . The Packers ' tenure at Lambeau , now at 62 seasons , is the longest in NFL history at a single stadium , breaking the Chicago Bears ' previous record of 50 seasons at Wrigley Field ( 1921-1970 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Muir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Muir', 'summary': 'Daniel Travanti Muir ( US : /trəˌvɑːnti ˈmjʊər/ trə-VAHN-tee MEWR ; born September 12 , 1983 ) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Kent State . Muir has also been a member of the Indianapolis Colts , St. Louis Rams , and New York Jets .'}]}, {'value': 'NT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Kent State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Kent_State_Golden_Flashes_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2006 Kent State Golden Flashes football team represented the Kent State University during the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . Kent State competed as a member of the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) , and played their home games at Dix Stadium . The Golden Flashes were led by third-year head coach Doug Martin .'}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Texans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Houston_Texans_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Houston Texans season was the franchise 's 6th season in the National Football League and the 2nd under head coach Gary Kubiak . This season began with the team trying to improve on their 6-10 record in 2006 . This season marks the sixth year of existence for the Texans franchise as well as Reliant Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Darius Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darius_Walker', 'summary': 'Darius Adunte Walker ( born October 21 , 1985 ) is a former American football running back in the National Football League ( NFL ) and current college football analyst for Fox . He worked as a college football analyst and sideline reporter for MountainWest Sports Network in 2011 . He was signed by the Houston Texans in 2007 . He played college football at Notre Dame .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2006 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team was coached by Charlie Weis and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend , Indiana . The team completed the season with a record of ten wins and three losses that culminated in a post-season appearance in the 2007 Sugar Bowl and a number 19 ranking in the nation .'}]}, {'value': 'Ind . ( FBS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools', 'summary': 'National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member .'}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Indianapolis Colts season was the franchise 's 55th season in the National Football League , the 24th in Indianapolis and the 6th season under head coach Tony Dungy . The defending AFC and Super Bowl champions improved upon their 12-4 record from 2006 as well as won their fifth-straight AFC South Championship . They finished the season 13-3 and lost to the San Diego Chargers in the divisional round of the playoffs . The Colts remained under the supervision of Head Coach Tony Dungy and played all of their home games in the RCA Dome in Indianapolis , Indiana . 2007 was the Colts ' final season in the RCA Dome , as they began playing home games in Lucas Oil Stadium in 2008 . In early January 2007 the Colts were the early co-favorites to win Super Bowl XLII , along with the San Diego Chargers ."}]}, {'value': 'Melvin Bullitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melvin_Bullitt', 'summary': 'Melvin Terry Bullitt ( born November 13 , 1984 ) is a former American football defensive back . He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2007 and played for the team for five seasons . He played college football at Texas A & M .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Texas A & M', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Texas_A&M_Aggies_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2006 Texas A & M Aggies football team completed the season with a 9-4 record . The Aggies had a regular season Big 12 record of 5-3 .'}]}, {'value': 'Big 12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_12_Conference', 'summary': "The Big 12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . The conference consists of ten full-member universities . It is a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for all sports . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , in the states of Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private , Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has 11 affiliate members - eight for the sport of wrestling , one of which is also a member in women 's equestrianism ; one for women 's gymnastics ; and two for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25 , 1994 . The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference , which commenced competition on August 31 , 1996 . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010-13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A & M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Indianapolis Colts season was the franchise 's 55th season in the National Football League , the 24th in Indianapolis and the 6th season under head coach Tony Dungy . The defending AFC and Super Bowl champions improved upon their 12-4 record from 2006 as well as won their fifth-straight AFC South Championship . They finished the season 13-3 and lost to the San Diego Chargers in the divisional round of the playoffs . The Colts remained under the supervision of Head Coach Tony Dungy and played all of their home games in the RCA Dome in Indianapolis , Indiana . 2007 was the Colts ' final season in the RCA Dome , as they began playing home games in Lucas Oil Stadium in 2008 . In early January 2007 the Colts were the early co-favorites to win Super Bowl XLII , along with the San Diego Chargers ."}]}, {'value': 'Ed Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ed_Johnson_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Edward Andre Johnson ( born December 18 , 1983 in Detroit , Michigan ) is a former American football defensive tackle . He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Penn State .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Penn State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team 's head coach was Joe Paterno . It played its home games at Beaver Stadium in University Park , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Indianapolis Colts season was the franchise 's 55th season in the National Football League , the 24th in Indianapolis and the 6th season under head coach Tony Dungy . The defending AFC and Super Bowl champions improved upon their 12-4 record from 2006 as well as won their fifth-straight AFC South Championship . They finished the season 13-3 and lost to the San Diego Chargers in the divisional round of the playoffs . The Colts remained under the supervision of Head Coach Tony Dungy and played all of their home games in the RCA Dome in Indianapolis , Indiana . 2007 was the Colts ' final season in the RCA Dome , as they began playing home games in Lucas Oil Stadium in 2008 . In early January 2007 the Colts were the early co-favorites to win Super Bowl XLII , along with the San Diego Chargers ."}]}, {'value': 'Gijon Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gijon_Robinson', 'summary': 'Gijon Robinson ( born October 12 , 1984 ) is an American football tight end and fullback who is currently a free agent . He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Missouri Western State . He currently resides in Fort Leonard Wood , Missouri and attended high school at Waynesville High School . He was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars on July 27 , 2012 and later released on August 2 . He was released by the San Francisco 49ers on August 15 , 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'FB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': 'A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal .'}]}, {'value': 'Missouri Western', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Missouri_Western_State_University', 'summary': 'Missouri Western State University is a public university in Saint Joseph , Missouri . As of September 2016 , the school enrolls 5,145 undergraduate students and 243 graduate students .'}]}, {'value': 'MIAA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-America_Intercollegiate_Athletics_Association', 'summary': "The Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association ( MIAA ) is a fourteen-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Kansas City , Missouri . It is a member of the NCAA 's Division II for all sports . Its fourteen members , located in Kansas , Missouri , Nebraska , and Oklahoma , include twelve public and two private schools . The MIAA is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Missouri . Originally named the Missouri Intercollegiate Athletic Association , the conference was established in 1912 with 14 members , two of which are still current members . Six members ( Central Methodist , Central Wesleyan , Culver-Stockton , Missouri Valley , Missouri Wesleyan , Tarkio College , Westminster , and William Jewell ) were later removed from the conference in 1924 when it decided to only include the public schools . A majority of the charter members that left in 1924 have shut down their operations , or merged with another school . Over the next century , nearly twenty schools have joined and left the conference , with a few affiliate members . Some of those schools have reclassified to NCAA Division I . The conference 's current 14-campus makeup resulted when Lincoln ( MO ) rejoined from the Heartland Conference after eleven years when the school left due to not fielding a football team . In 2011 , Omaha moved up to the NCAA Division I joining the Summit League , and in 2013 , charter member Truman left for the Great Lakes Valley Conference . In 2012 , Lindenwood , Central Oklahoma , Northeastern State , and Nebraska-Kearney joined the conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Jacksonville Jaguars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Jacksonville_Jaguars_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Jacksonville Jaguars season was the franchise 's 13th season in the National Football League and the 5th under head coach Jack Del Rio . They improved upon their 8-8 record in 2006 where they finished third in the AFC South and returned to the playoffs for the first time since 2005 . This was the last season that the Jaguars had a winning season and a playoff berth , going on a 9-year drought before ending it in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Brett Goode', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brett_Goode', 'summary': 'Brett Jackson Goode ( born November 2 , 1984 ) is an American football long snapper . He played college football at Arkansas . Goode was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He has also played for the Green Bay Packers whom he won Super Bowl XLV with against the Pittsburgh Steelers .'}]}, {'value': 'LS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_snapper', 'summary': "In gridiron football , the long snapper ( or deep snapper ) is a special teams specialist whose duty is to snap the football over a longer distance , typically around 15 yards during punts , and 7-8 yards during field goals and extra point attempts . During field goal and point after touchdown attempts , the snap is received by the holder , typically 7-8 yards away . During punts , the snap is delivered to the punter from 13-15 yards away . Following a punt snap , the snapper often executes a blocking assignment and then must cover the kick by running downfield and attempting to stop the opposing team 's punt returner from advancing the ball in the opposite direction . If the punt goes uncaught , it is the snapper 's responsibility to make sure the ball does not enter the end zone or bounce backward resulting in loss of yards . The majority of snappers at the highest levels of competition are specialized , meaning that they uniquely play the position of snapper , or have limited responsibilities elsewhere . A good punt snap should hit the target -- the punter 's hands at the abdomen or waistline -- between .65 and .75 seconds and with a tight spiral for easy handling . A bad snap is an off-target snap which causes the delay or failure of a kick or forces the punter into some other potentially compromising situation ."}]}, {'value': 'Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Arkansas_Razorbacks_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2006 Arkansas Razorbacks football team completed the season with a 10-4 record . The Razorbacks had a regular season SEC record of 7-1 .'}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas City Chiefs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Kansas_City_Chiefs_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Kansas City Chiefs season was the franchise 's 38th season in the National Football League and the 48th overall , and second under head coach Herman Edwards . The team looking to improve on their 9-7 record in 2006 and attempting to secure the franchise 's first back-to-back playoff berth since 1995 . The season ended with a nine-game losing streak , the team 's first since 1987 and a 4-12 record . It was the Chiefs ' first season with twelve losses since 1978 . Considered a year of transition , the 2007 season marked the Chiefs ' forty-fifth season in Kansas City , Missouri , and final before renovations began at Arrowhead Stadium . Quarterback Trent Green was traded to the Miami Dolphins , leaving the door open for second-year quarterback Brodie Croyle or back-up quarterback Damon Huard to win the starting job . Huard was named starting quarterback on August 25 for the team 's first game of the season , but Croyle replaced him after Huard was injured in the game against Denver in Week 10 . Five different running backs were used after Larry Johnson was injured in Week 9 against Green Bay . The team also had no stability at quarterback with Croyle and Huard , who both nursed injuries throughout the season , while their offensive line depleted following the retirement of their former Pro Bowl guard Will Shields . To honor their late team owner and founder Lamar Hunt , the Chiefs wore a special American Football League patch on their uniforms with the initials LH emblazoned inside the logo 's football ."}]}, {'value': 'Nate Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nate_Harris', 'summary': 'Nathaniel Nate Antwon Harris ( born March 8 , 1983 in Miami , Florida ) is a former American football linebacker . He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Louisville . Harris was waived by Kansas City at the end of the 2007 and did not play in the 2008 season . Harris has also been a member of the New York Jets in 2009 , and was later waived . In 2014 , Harris was charged with a string of armed robberies of Louisville hotels and a dry cleaner .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Louisville_Cardinals_football_team', 'summary': "The 2006 Louisville Cardinals football team represented the University of Louisville in the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The team , led by Bobby Petrino in his fourth year at the school , played their home games in Papa John 's Cardinal Stadium . Playing in their second year in the Big East Conference , the team finished the regular season with eleven wins and one loss and were conference champions . They represented the Big East in the 2007 Orange Bowl and with the win ended the season with a 12-1 record . The team ended the season ranked fifth in the nation ."}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 2007 Miami Dolphins season was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League and 42nd season overall . The Dolphins failed to improve upon their 6-10 record in 2006 , falling to 1-15 . The team narrowly avoided becoming the first team to finish with a final record of 0-16 , as their only win came against the Baltimore Ravens on December 16 , in the third to last game of the season ( The Detroit Lions became the first team to go 0-16 the following season ) . No other team before or since has lost 15 games and had 1 win that was an overtime victory . The only teams before or since to nearly suffer the same fate as the 2007 Dolphins include the 2004 San Francisco 49ers , who had finished 2-14 ( both victories were in OT ) , and the 2012 Kansas City Chiefs , if not for their Week 13 victory over the Carolina Panthers , a close 21-27 home win . This was the Dolphins ' first and only season under head coach Cam Cameron , after former head coach Nick Saban unexpectedly resigned to become the head coach at the University of Alabama . This also marked the third and final season under general manager Randy Mueller . Both Cameron and Mueller were fired after the season ."}]}, {'value': 'Tuff Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuff_Harris', 'summary': 'Chester David Tuff Harris ( born January 23 , 1983 in Crow Agency , Montana ) is retired American football safety . He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2007 . He played college football at Montana . Harris has also been a member of the New Orleans Saints and Tennessee Titans .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Montana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Montana_Grizzlies_football_team', 'summary': 'The 2006 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 2006 NCAA Division I FCS football season . The Grizzlies were led by fourth-year head coach Bobby Hauck and played their home games on campus at Washington-Grizzly Stadium in Missoula .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Sky Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I , with football competing in the Football Championship Subdivision . Member institutions are located in the western United States in the nine states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . Four affiliate members each participate in one sport . Two schools from California are football-only participants , and two schools from the Northeast participate only in men 's golf ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable undrafted players', 'section_text': '† = Pro Bowler [ 17 ]', 'uid': '2007_NFL_Draft_2', 'intro': "The 2007 National Football League draft was the 72nd annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. It took place at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, New York, on April 28 and April 29, 2007. The draft was televised for the 28th consecutive year on ESPN and ESPN2. The NFL Network also broadcast coverage of the event, its second year doing so. There were 255 draft selections: 223 regular selections (instead of the typical 224) and 32 compensatory selections. A supplemental draft was also held after the regular draft and before the regular season. This was the first draft presided over by new NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. The first round was the longest in the history of the NFL draft, lasting six hours, eight minutes. One of the big stories of the draft was the fall of Notre Dame quarterback Brady Quinn. Quinn had been projected as a potential first overall pick in early mock drafts and had been invited to attend the draft in person, but he wasn't selected until the 22nd pick in the first round by the Cleveland Browns, who acquired the pick in a trade with the Dallas Cowboys. Louisiana State University quarterback JaMarcus Russell was selected first overall by the Oakland Raiders after he had replaced Quinn as the projected first selection among most analysts following his performance in the 2007 Sugar Bowl against Quinn and Notre Dame. Russell is considered by many as one of the biggest draft busts in NFL history, and Quinn also had a largely unsuccessful pro career."}
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What is the Conf . of the player whose original NFL team finished the 2007 season with a record of 4-12 ?
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Big East
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ff59c84bdf8ffa2c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Idol', 'title': 'Indian Idol', 'header': ['Name', 'Hometown', 'Elimination'], 'data': [{'value': 'LV Revanth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LV_Revanth', 'summary': "Lolla Venkata Revanth Kumar Sharma , known as L. V. Revanth ( born 10 February 1990 ) is an Indian playback singer , known for his songs in Telugu films . He is the winner of Indian Idol season 9 in 2017 . He also won Rock Star , Spicy Singer on Maa TV and Superstar of the South . He has sung around 200 songs for Telugu and Kannada films . One of his popular songs is 'Manohari ' from the hit film Baahubali : The Beginning , for which he received IIFA Utsavam and MAA Music Award nominations for best male playback singer ."}]}, {'value': 'Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyderabad', 'summary': "Hyderabad ( /ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ ( listen ) HY-dər-ə-baad ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh . [ A ] Occupying 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) along the banks of the Musi River , located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India . At an average altitude of 542 metres ( 1,778 ft ) , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar lake - predating the city 's founding - north of the city centre . Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million , with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region , making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . With an output of US $ 74 billion , Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India 's overall gross domestic product . In 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda , in 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals - in 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty also known as the Nizams , Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948 . As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947 . Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State"}]}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khuda Baksh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punjab', 'summary': 'The Punjab ( /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ ( listen ) , /-ˈdʒæb/ , /ˈpʌndʒɑːb/ , /-dʒæb/ ; native pronunciation : [ pənˈdʒaːb ] ) , also spelled and romanised as Panjāb , [ a ] is a geopolitical , cultural and historical region in South Asia , specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent , comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India . The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts . The geographical definition of the term Punjab has changed over time : in the 16th century Mughal Empire it referred to a relatively smaller area lying between the Indus and the Sutlej rivers . In British India , until the Partition of Punjab in 1947 , the Punjab Province encompassed the present-day Indian states and union territories of Punjab , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh , Chandigarh , and Delhi ; and the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory . It bordered the Balochistan and Pashtunistan regions to the west , Kashmir to the north , the Hindi Belt to the east , and Rajasthan and Sindh to the south . The people of the Punjab today are called Punjabis , and their principal language is Punjabi . The main religion of the Pakistani Punjab region is Islam . The main religion of the Indian Punjab region is Sikhism . Other religious groups are Christianity , Jainism , Zoroastrianism , Buddhism , Hinduism , and Ravidassia . The Punjab region was the cradle for the Indus Valley Civilisation . The region had numerous migration by the Indo-Aryan peoples . The land was later contested by the Persians , Indo-Greeks , Indo-Scythians , Kushans , Macedonians , Ghaznavids , Turkic , Mongols , Timurids , Mughals , Marathi , Arabs , Pashtuns , British and other peoples .'}]}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PVNS Rohit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyderabad', 'summary': "Hyderabad ( /ˈhaɪdərəbɑːd/ ( listen ) HY-dər-ə-baad ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh . [ A ] Occupying 650 square kilometres ( 250 sq mi ) along the banks of the Musi River , located on the Deccan Plateau in the northern part of South India . At an average altitude of 542 metres ( 1,778 ft ) , much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes , including Hussain Sagar lake - predating the city 's founding - north of the city centre . Hyderabad City has a population of about 6.9 million , with about 9.7 million in Hyderabad Metropolitan Region , making it the fourth-most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . With an output of US $ 74 billion , Hyderabad is the fifth-largest contributor to India 's overall gross domestic product . In 1591 Qutb Shahi ruler Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah established Hyderabad to extend the capital beyond the fortified Golconda , in 1687 the city was annexed by the Mughals - in 1724 Mughal governor Nizam Asaf Jah I declared his sovereignty and founded the Asaf Jahi dynasty also known as the Nizams , Hyderabad served as the imperial capital of the Asaf Jahi from 1769 to 1948 . As capital of the princely state of Hyderabad the city housed the British Residency and cantonment until Indian independence in 1947 . Hyderabad was invaded and integrated into the Indian Union in 1948 and continues as a capital of Hyderabad State"}]}, {'value': '2nd Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malvika Sunder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 11th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohit Chopra', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 10th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manya Narang', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 9th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hardeep Singh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludhiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludhiana', 'summary': "Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab . Ludhiana is Punjab 's largest city and India 's largest city north of Delhi , with an area of 310 sq . km and an estimated population of 1,618,879 as of the [ update ] 2011 census . The city stands on the Sutlej River 's old bank , 13 kilometres ( 8.1 mi ) south of its present course . It is an industrial center of northern India ; the UK 's BBC has called it India 's Manchester . Ludhiana was among the list of smart cities that will be developed by government of India . Ludhiana is the easiest city in India to do business according to the World Bank . It is ranked first in paying taxes , second in resolving insolvency , fourth in contract enforcement , and seventh in starting a business . Ludhiana is 107 kilometres ( 66 mi ) west of the state capital , Chandigarh , on NH 95 , and is centrally located on National Highway 44 , which runs from New Delhi to Amritsar . It is 315 km ( 194 miles ) north of Delhi and 142 km ( 88 miles ) southeast of Amritsar ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R P Shravan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chennai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chennai', 'summary': "Chennai ( /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ ( listen ) , Tamil : [ t͡ʃenːai ] ) , also known as Madras ( /məˈdrɑːs/ ( listen ) or /-ˈdræs/ , the official name until 1996 ) , is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal , it is the biggest cultural , economic and educational centre of south India . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the sixth-most populous city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India . The city together with the adjoining regions constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area , which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world . Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists . It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015 . The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India . Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India , and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists . As such , it is termed India 's health capital . Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India , at 35,000 in 2009 , 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016 . Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015 . Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index , and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tajinder Singh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faridabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faridabad', 'summary': 'Faridabad is the most populous city in the Indian state of Haryana . It is a leading industrial centre and is situated in the National Capital Region bordering the Indian capital New Delhi . It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is located 284 kilometres south of the state capital Chandigarh . The river Yamuna forms the eastern district boundary with Uttar Pradesh . The Government of India included it in the second list of Smart Cities Mission on 24 May 2016 . Faridabad has been described as the eighth fastest growing city in the world and the third in India by the City Mayors Foundation survey . As per the 2001 Delhi regional plan , Faridabad is part of the Delhi Metropolitan Area ( DMA ) . The newly developed residential and industrial part of Faridabad ( Sec . 66 to 89 ) between the Agra Canal and the Yamuna River is commonly referred as Greater Faridabad . The area is being developed as a self-sustained sub-city with wide roads , tall buildings , malls , educational institutions , and health and commercial centres . Sectors 66 to 74 are Industrial Sectors , while Sectors 75 to 89 are Residential Sectors . Faridabad is a major industrial hub of Haryana .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeli Kayi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Itanagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Itanagar', 'summary': 'Itanagar ( /ˌiːˈtɑːnəɡər/ ; pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is the capital of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh . The seat of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly , the seat of government of Arunachal Pradesh and the seat of Gauhati High Court permanent bench at Naharlagun are all in Itanagar .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bharti Gupta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ghaziabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ghaziabad,_Uttar_Pradesh', 'summary': 'Ghaziabad ( Hindi pronunciation : [ ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪ ] ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and a part of the National Capital Region of Delhi . It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in western Uttar Pradesh , with a population of 2,358,525 . Well connected by roads and railways , it is a major rail junction for North India . It is sometimes referred to as the Gateway of Uttar Pradesh because it is close to New Delhi , on the main route into Uttar Pradesh . Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world . Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains , the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River , namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mansi Bhardwaj', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata', 'summary': "Kolkata ( /kɒlˈkʌtə/ , Bengali : [ kolkata ] ( listen ) , also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ , the official name until 2001 ) is the cultural capital of India and the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the seventh most populous city ; the city had a population of 4.5 million , while the suburb population brought the total to 14.1 million , making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India . Kolkata Megalopolis is the area surrounding Kolkata Metropolitan city with additional population . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River approximately 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west of the border with Bangladesh , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of Kolkata is India 's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . The city , nicknamed the City of Joy is widely regarded as the cultural capital of India and as of 2019 , six Nobel Laureates have been associated with the city . Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area 's economy have ranged from $ 60 to $ 150 billion ( GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity ) making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India , after Mumbai and Delhi . In the late 17th century , the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty . After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690 , the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post . Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756 , and the East India Company retook it the following year . In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat ( local rule ) , and assumed full sovereignty of the region . Under the company rule , and later under the British Raj , Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 , when its perceived geographical disadvantages , combined with growing nationalism in Bengal , led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi . Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement ; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuti Tiwari', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kolkata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata', 'summary': "Kolkata ( /kɒlˈkʌtə/ , Bengali : [ kolkata ] ( listen ) , also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ , the official name until 2001 ) is the cultural capital of India and the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal . According to the 2011 Indian census , it is the seventh most populous city ; the city had a population of 4.5 million , while the suburb population brought the total to 14.1 million , making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India . Kolkata Megalopolis is the area surrounding Kolkata Metropolitan city with additional population . Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River approximately 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west of the border with Bangladesh , it is the principal commercial , cultural , and educational centre of East India , while the Port of Kolkata is India 's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port . The city , nicknamed the City of Joy is widely regarded as the cultural capital of India and as of 2019 , six Nobel Laureates have been associated with the city . Recent estimates of Kolkata Metropolitan Area 's economy have ranged from $ 60 to $ 150 billion ( GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity ) making it third most-productive metropolitan area in India , after Mumbai and Delhi . In the late 17th century , the three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty . After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690 , the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post . Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756 , and the East India Company retook it the following year . In 1793 the East India company was strong enough to abolish Nizamat ( local rule ) , and assumed full sovereignty of the region . Under the company rule , and later under the British Raj , Calcutta served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911 , when its perceived geographical disadvantages , combined with growing nationalism in Bengal , led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi . Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement ; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saumya Mishra', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Renukut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renukut', 'summary': 'Renukoot is a city and a nagar panchayat in Sonbhadra district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . Renukoot is 68 km south from the district headquarters Robertsganj and 158 km from Varanasi . Renukoot is an industrial town . It is well known for the Hindalco aluminium plant and Rihand Dam . It is situated in eastern Uttar Pradesh sharing borders with Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Bihar and Madhya Pradesh . It is about 434 km from the capital city Lucknow .'}]}, {'value': 'Eliminated 1st', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season 9', 'section_text': 'Judges Anu MalikFarah KhanSonu Nigam Host Karan WahiParitosh Tripathi Top 14 Contestants : -', 'uid': 'Indian_Idol_5_8', 'intro': 'Indian Idol is the Indian version of the Pop Idol format that airs on Sony Entertainment Television since 2004. It started airing in India with the first season in 2004-2005 and was followed by second (2005-2006), third (2007), fourth (2008-2009), fifth (2010) and sixth season (2012). For the seventh and eight season Indian Idol Junior replaced the show before the original Indian Idol returned for 9th season in 2016 and the 10th season in 2018. The 11th season in 2019-20 is aired on Sony TV.'}
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Who planned with Herbert Baker the city that Indian Idol contestant Mohit Chopra is from ?
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Edwin Lutyens
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ff5ca6188ff5c506
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures', 'title': 'List of tallest structures', 'header': ['Name', 'Height', 'Country', 'City', 'Const . start', 'Remarks'], 'data': [{'value': 'Jeddah Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeddah_Tower', 'summary': "Jeddah Tower ( Arabic : برج جدة ) , previously known as Kingdom Tower ( برج المملكة ) and Mile-High Tower ( برج الميل ) , is a planned skyscraper on the north side of Jeddah , Saudi Arabia . It is planned to be the world 's first 1 km ( 3,281 ft ) high building , and the centrepiece and first phase of a development and tourist attraction known as Jeddah Economic City . Initial plans called for a mile-high structure , but the geology of the area proved unsuitable . The current design , created by American architect Adrian Smith , who also designed Burj Khalifa , incorporates many unique structural and aesthetic features . The creator and leader of the project is Saudi Arabian prince Al-Waleed bin Talal , a grandson of Ibn Saud , and nephew of the Kings of Saudi Arabia before him . Al-Waleed is the chairman of Kingdom Holding Company ( KHC ) , which is a partner in the Jeddah Economic Company ( JEC ) , which was formed in 2009 for the development of Jeddah Tower and City ."}]}, {'value': '1,000 metres ( 3,281 ft ) +', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saudi Arabia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saudi_Arabia', 'summary': "Saudi Arabia , [ c ] officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , [ d ] is a country in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . With a land area of approximately 2,150,000 km2 ( 830,000 sq mi ) , Saudi Arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in Western Asia , the second-largest in the Arab world ( after Algeria ) , the fifth-largest in Asia , and the 12th-largest in the world . Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain , and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south ; it is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast , and most of its terrain consists of arid desert , lowland and mountains . As of October 2018 , the Saudi economy was the largest in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world . Saudi Arabia also has one of the world 's youngest populations ; 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old . The territory that now constitutes Saudi Arabia was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations . The prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world . The world 's second-largest religion , Islam , emerged in modern-day Saudi Arabia . In the early 7th century , the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of Arabia and created a single Islamic religious polity . Following his death in 632 , his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia , conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory ( from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to modern-day Pakistan in the East ) in a matter of decades . Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun ( 632-661 ) , Umayyad ( 661-750 ) , Abbasid ( 750-1517 ) and Fatimid ( 909-1171 ) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia , Africa and Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Jeddah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeddah', 'summary': "Jeddah ( English : /ˈdʒɛdə/ JED-ə ) , also spelled Jedda , Jiddah or Jidda ( /ˈdʒɪdə/ JID-ə ; Arabic : جدة , romanized : Jidda , Hejazi pronunciation : [ ˈdʒɪd.da ] ) , is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia and the country 's commercial center . With a population of about four million people ( as of 2017 [ update ] ) , Jeddah is the largest city in Makkah Province , the second-largest in Saudi Arabia ( after the capital Riyadh ) , and the tenth-largest in the Arab world . Jeddah Islamic Port , located on the Red Sea , is the second-largest and second-busiest seaport in the Arab world ( after Dubai 's Port of Jebel Ali ) . Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca , the holiest city in Islam , located just 65 kilometres ( 40 mi ) to the east , while Medina , the second-holiest city , is located 360 kilometres ( 220 mi ) to the north . Economically , Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia , and the Middle East . Jeddah was independently ranked fourth in the Africa - Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index . Jeddah is one of Saudi Arabia 's primary resort cities and was named a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network ( GaWC ) . Given the city 's close proximity to the Red Sea , fishing and seafood dominates the food culture unlike other parts of the country . In Arabic , the city 's motto is Jeddah Ghair , which translates to Jeddah is different . The motto has been widely used among both locals as well as foreign visitors . The city had been previously perceived as the most open city in Saudi Arabia ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sky City ( Changsha )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sky_City_(Changsha)', 'summary': "Sky City ( Chinese : 天空城市 ; pinyin : tiānkōng chéngshì ) , or Sky City One , was an 838-metre-tall ( 2,749 ft ) planned skyscraper in the city of Changsha , Hunan in south-central China . The prospective builders , Broad Sustainable Building , estimated it would take just 90 days to construct . Including the 120 days required for prefabrication before on-site work commences , the sum of time needed is 210 days . Pre-construction activities were halted in August 2013 after government regulators required additional approvals . Broad Sustainable Building had intended to build a 666-metre ( 2,185 ft ) skyscraper , but the local government wanted the world 's tallest building , hence the current plans . The company has constructed 20 buildings in China using the same method and has several franchise partners globally . It has a planned helipad at a height of 739.8 m ( 2,427 ft ) above ground . As of May 2016 [ update ] , plans for the building 's construction are stalled , and the foundations for the planned building are being used as a fish farm . On June 8 , 2016 it was reported by the People 's Daily that the project had been dropped due to protests over environmental damage to the Daze Lake wetland . The People 's Daily said , Central China 's Hunan province finally announced a halt on its ambitious plan to build the world 's tallest tower within one part of its rare wetland area . The Daze Lake wetland is the location where the world 's next tallest tower was originally scheduled to be built . This wetland is now listed as one of the 20 waters to be permanently protected and will follow non-construction zone policies ."}]}, {'value': '838 metres ( 2,749 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Changsha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Changsha', 'summary': "Changsha is the capital and most populous city of Hunan Province in the south central part of the People 's Republic of China . It covers 11,819 km2 ( 4,563 sq mi ) and is bordered by Yueyang and Yiyang to the north , Loudi to the west , Xiangtan and Zhuzhou to the south , Yichun and Pingxiang of Jiangxi province to the east . According to the 2010 census , Changsha has 7,044,118 residents , constituting 10.72% of the province 's population . It is part of the Chang-Zhu-Tan city cluster or megalopolis . Changsha is in the Xiang River valley plain , bordering the Luoxiao Mountains on the east , Wuling Mountains on the west , edging in Dongting Lake on the north and bounded on the south by the Hengshan Mountains . It has a monsoonal humid subtropical climate , with an average annual air temperature of 16.8 to 17.3 °C ( 62.2 to 63.1 °F ) and an annual rainfall of 1,358.6 to 1,552.5 mm ( 53.49 to 61.12 in ) . Changsha has a history of more than 3,000 years . Changsha was the capital of Changsha Kingdom in the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC - 220 AD ) , and the capital of the Chu State ( 907-951 ) in the Ten Kingdoms period . The lacquerware and Silk Texts recovered from Mawangdui ( 2nd century BC ) there are an indication of the richness of local craft traditions . In 1904 Changsha was opened to foreign trade , and large numbers of Europeans and Americans settled there . Changsha was the site of Mao Zedong 's conversion to communism . It was also the scene of major battles in the Sino-Japanese War ( 1931-1945 ) and was briefly occupied by the Japanese ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cancelled', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suzhou Zhongnan Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suzhou_Zhongnan_Center', 'summary': 'Suzhou Zhongnan Center ( Chinese : 苏州中南中心 ) is a megatall skyscraper on hold in SIP , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China . The building will be 729 metres ( 2,391.7 ft ) tall . Suzhou Center Plaza is located in the Central Business District of Suzhou , to the west of Jinji Lake . The building is a part of large urban development project , Suzhou Industrial Park , and the estimated cost of the plaza is 28.5 billion yuan ( US $ 4.46 billion ) .'}]}, {'value': '729 metres ( 2,392 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Suzhou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suzhou', 'summary': "Suzhou ( Chinese : 苏州 ; Suzhounese pronunciation : [ səu tsøʏ ] , Putonghua pronunciation : [ sú.ʈʂóu ] ) , alternately romanized as Soochow , is a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province of East China , about 100 km ( 62 mi ) northwest of Shanghai . It is a major economic center and focal point of trade and commerce , and the second largest city in the province , after its capital Nanjing . The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the shores of Lake Tai and belongs to the Yangtze River Delta region . Administratively , Suzhou is a prefecture-level city with a population of 4.33 million in its city proper , and a total resident population ( as of 2013 [ update ] ) of 10.58 million in its administrative area . Its urban population grew at an unprecedented rate of 6.5% between 2000 and 2014 , which is the highest among cities with more than 5 million people . Founded in 514 BC , Suzhou has over 2,500 years of history , with an abundant display of relics and sites of historical interest . Around AD 100 , during the Eastern Han dynasty , it became one of the ten largest cities in the world mostly due to emigration from Northern China . Since the 10th-century Song dynasty , it has been an important commercial center of China . During the Ming and Qing dynasties , Suzhou was a national economic , cultural , and commercial center , as well as the largest non-capital city in the world , until the 1860 Taiping Rebellion . When Li Hongzhang and Charles George Gordon recaptured the city three years later , Shanghai had already taken its predominant place in the nation . Since major economic reforms began in 1978 , Suzhou has become one of the fastest growing major cities in the world , with GDP growth rates of about 14% in the past 35 years . With high life expectancy and per capita incomes , Suzhou 's Human Development Index ratings is roughly comparable to a moderately developed country , making it one of the most highly developed and prosperous cities in China ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India_Tower', 'summary': "India Tower ( previously known as the Park Hyatt Tower ; also known as the Dynamix Balwas Tower or DB Tower ) is a canceled 126-story , 707.5 m ( 2,321 ft ) megatall skyscraper that began construction in the city of Mumbai , India , in 2010 . The tower was originally planned for completion in 2016 , but construction work was put on hold in 2011 due to a dispute between the tower 's developers and Mumbai 's civic authorities ."}]}, {'value': '700 metres ( 2,300 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Mumbai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai', 'summary': "Mumbai ( English : /mʊmˈbaɪ/ , Marathi : [ ˈmumbəi ] ; also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/ , the official name until 1995 ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra . According to United Nations , as of 2018 , Mumbai was the second most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh most populous city in the world with a population of 19.98 million . As per Indian government population census of 2011 , Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai . Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region , the sixth most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23.64 million . Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour . In 2008 , Mumbai was named an alpha world city . It is also the wealthiest city in India , and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India . Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Elephanta Caves , Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus , and the city 's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings . The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were originally home to communities of Marathi language speaking Koli people , who originated in Gujarat in prehistoric times . For centuries , the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire and subsequently to the East India Company when in 1661 Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza and as part of her dowry Charles received the ports of Tangier and Seven Islands of Bombay . During the mid-18th century , Bombay was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project , which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the sea . Along with construction of major roads and railways , the reclamation project , completed in 1845 , transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cancelled', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pearl of the North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pearl_of_the_North', 'summary': 'Baoneng Shenyang Global Financial Center ( Chinese : 沈阳宝能环球金融中心 ; pinyin : Shěnyáng Bǎonéng Huánqiú Jīnróng Zhōngxīn ) is an unfinished skyscraper Shenyang , Liaoning , China . It is planned to be 568 metres ( 1,864 ft ) tall . Construction started in 2014 and is expected to be completed in 2020 . However , as of July 2019 the construction is on hold . The towers occupy a prestigious site to the south of the iconic Liaoning TV Tower , and form part of a master plan covering an area of 59 hectares along the famous Golden Corridor Youth Street in the central business district . The development overlooks Youth Park and the Nanyun River to the east . In addition to the two supertall towers , the complex will contain five luxury high-rise residential buildings , each rising approximately 200 meters above a podium that accommodates a large culturally-themed lifestyle shopping mall . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': '568 metres ( 1,864 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Shenyang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shenyang', 'summary': "Shenyang ( [ ʂə̀n.jǎŋ ] ; Chinese : 沈阳 ) , formerly known as Fengtian ( Chinese : 奉天 ; pinyin : Fèngtiān ) or by its Manchu name Mukden , is a major sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Liaoning province , People 's Republic of China . Located in central-north Liaoning , it is the province 's most populous city as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population , with an urban population of 6.3 million ( 2010 census ) , while the total metropolitan population is up to 8.1 million . Shenyang is also the central city of one of the major megalopolises in China , the Greater Shenyang Metropolitan Area , with a total population over 23 million . The city 's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang proper , the county-level city of Xinmin , and two counties of Kangping and Faku . In the 17th century , Shenyang was conquered by the Manchu people and briefly used as the capital of the Qing dynasty . The Battle of Mukden took place in 1905 as part of the Russo-Japanese War . Japan 's subsequent victory allowed them to annex the region west of the old city and increase their influence on Shenyang ; the Mukden Incident led the Japanese to further invade and occupy the rest of Northeast China , creating the puppet state of Manchukuo . After the Japanese surrender in 1945 , Shenyang remained a Kuomintang stronghold , but was captured by the Communists in 1948 after the Liaoshen Campaign . Along with its nearby cities , Shenyang is an important industrial center in China , and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China 's northeast - particularly with Japan , Russia and Korea . A center of heavy industry in China since the 1930s , and the spearhead of the Chinese central government 's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan , the city has been diversifying its industry , including expanding into the service sector . Growing industries include software , automotive and electronics ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'on hold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doha Convention Center Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doha_Convention_Center_Tower', 'summary': "The Doha Convention Center Tower is a cancelled 551 m ( 1,808 ft ) tall skyscraper project which was planned to be constructed in Doha , Qatar . Construction has been suspended following the discovery that the building would impact flight paths to and from Doha International Airport . Construction is expected to continue when the New Doha International Airport is completed on reclaimed land approximately 3 km to the east of the current airport . The delay means that the building 's completion date has moved from 2012 to an unknown date . The Tower is redesigned with a similar shape similar to the nearby Al Quds Endowment Tower . The current structure , shaped like a tapering obelisk , will house offices on the lower levels , apartments , a hotel and penthouse residences on the upper floors . At the very top , a private club will occupy a 60 m ( 200 ft ) high glass cylinder surrounded by extensions of tower 's facade and supported by a structural helix ."}]}, {'value': '551 metres ( 1,808 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Qatar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qatar', 'summary': "Qatar ( /ˈkætɑːr/ , /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ ( listen ) , /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : قطر Qaṭar [ ˈqɑtˤɑr ] ; local vernacular pronunciation : [ ˈɡɪtˤɑr ] ) , officially the State of Qatar ( Arabic : دولة قطر Dawlat Qaṭar ) , is a country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Whether the sovereign state should be regarded as a constitutional monarchy or an absolute monarchy is disputed . Its sole land border is with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . The Gulf of Bahrain , an inlet of the Persian Gulf , separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Islam is the official religion of Qatar . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is widely regarded as the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a high-income economy , backed by the world 's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98% in favour ."}]}, {'value': 'Doha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doha', 'summary': "Doha ( Arabic : الدوحة , ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa , pronounced [ adˈdawħa ] ) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar . It has a population of 956,460 ( 2015 ) . The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country . It is Qatar 's fastest growing city , with over 80% of the nation 's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs , [ citation needed ] and it is also the economic centre of the country . Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda . It was officially declared as the country 's capital in 1971 , when Qatar gained independence from being a British Protectorate . As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centres in the Middle East , Doha is considered a beta-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Doha accommodates Education City , an area devoted to research and education . The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations . It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events , including the 2006 Asian Games , the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup . In December 2011 , the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha . Additionally , the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host many of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cancelled', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dalian Greenland Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalian_Greenland_Center', 'summary': 'Dalian Greenland Center is a skyscraper under construction in Dalian , Liaoning , China . It is expected to have 88 floors and be 518 m tall . The anticipated completion date is 2019 . When built , Dalian Greenland Center will become the tallest building in Dalian .'}]}, {'value': '518 metres ( 1,699 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Dalian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalian', 'summary': "Dalian is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province , People 's Republic of China , and is Liaoning 's second largest city ( after the provincial capital Shenyang ) and the fourth most populous city of Northeast China . Located on the southern tip of Liaodong peninsula , it is the southernmost city in both Liaoning and the entire Northeast . Dalian borders the prefectural cities of Yingkou and Anshan to the north and Dandong to the northeast , and also shares maritime boundaries with Qinhuangdao and Huludao across the Liaodong Bay to west and northwest , Yantai and Weihai on the Shandong peninsula across the Bohai Strait to the south , and North Korea across the Korea Bay to the east . Today a financial , shipping and logistics centre for Northeast Asia , Dalian has a significant history of being used by foreign powers for its ports . Dalian was previously known as both Dalniy ( Russian : Дальний ; Dal'nii ) and Dairen ( Japanese : 大連 ) . However , the city was better known as Port Arthur ( Russian : Порт-Артур ; Port-Artur ) and Ryojun ( Japanese : 旅順 ) from the original Port Arthur , now the city 's Lüshunkou district . In 2016 , Dalian ranked 48th in the Global Financial Centres Index , the other Chinese cities on the list being Hong Kong , Shanghai , Shenzhen , Beijing and Qingdao . In 2012 , Dalian ranked 82nd in the Global City Competitiveness Index . In 2006 , Dalian was named China 's most livable city by China Daily ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pentominium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pentominium', 'summary': 'The Pentominium is a 122-storey , 516 m ( 1,693 ft ) supertall skyscraper on hold in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . Construction on the tower has been halted since August 2011 . It was designed by Andrew Bromberg of architects Aedas and funded by Trident International Holdings . The AED 1.46 billion ( US $ 400 million ) construction contract was awarded to Arabian Construction Company ( ACC ) . The Pentominium has one of the deepest excavations done in the world . Construction started on 26 July 2009 and , before construction stopped , the building was expected to be completed in 2013 . By May 2011 , 22 floors had been completed . However , in August 2011 , construction stopped after Trident International Holdings fell behind on payments for a US $ 20.4 million loan following the global financial crisis . As of 2019 [ update ] , the tower still stands incomplete . Had the project been completed as scheduled , the Pentominium would be the second tallest building in Dubai after Burj Khalifa as well as the tallest residential building in the world if completed before World One .'}]}, {'value': '516 metres ( 1,693 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Arab Emirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates', 'summary': "The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ; Arabic : الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyyah al-Muttaḥidah ) , sometimes simply called the Emirates ( Arabic : الإمارات al-ʾImārāt ) , is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi ( which serves as the capital ) , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain . Their boundaries are complex , with numerous enclaves within the various emirates . Each emirate is governed by a ruler ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha , Sharjah . Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais . Known as Magan to the Sumerians , the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period , which traded between the Indus Valley , Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran , Bactria and the Levant . The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior . The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba . The UAE 's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar , in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'Dubai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubai', 'summary': "Dubai ( /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY ; Arabic : دبي Dubay , Gulf Arabic : Arabic pronunciation : [ dʊˈbɑj ] ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai . Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia . It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo . Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city , which was already a major mercantile hub . Today , less than 5% of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century , Dubai 's economy relies on revenues from trade , tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services ."}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Busan Lotte World Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Busan_Lotte_World_Tower', 'summary': "The Busan Lotte Town Tower , also known as Busan Lotte World Tower ( Hangul : 부산 롯데 타운 타워 ) is a 108-floor , 510.1 m ( 1,674 ft ) supertall skyscraper on hold in Busan , South Korea . The tower is planned on a site next to Nampo-dong station on Busan Subway Line 1 . The tower is the centerpiece of the new Busan Lotte Town and construction is being carried out in four phases . The first phase includes a department store , completed in 2009 . The second phase , an addition to the department store , was completed in 2010 . The third phase will be a market and a cinema , which was completed in 2014 , and the last phase will include a luxury hotel , an observation deck , offices , and cultural facilities in a 107-story skyscraper . The design of the skyscraper is intended to resemble a standing ship , in reference to the city 's harbour . The tower 's underground parking space will be able to house over 2,400 cars . The tower will contain retail outlets ( floors 1-11 ) , offices ( 12-36 ) , residences ( 41-78 ) , a luxury hotel ( 82-104 ) , and public access floors ( 107-110 ) with an observation deck . In September 2013 , the construction work was stopped due to the lack of funding . Construction will be resumed once the developer provides the required payments for the project . It is estimated that construction will restart in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '510.1 metres ( 1,674 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'Busan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Busan', 'summary': "Busan ( Korean pronunciation : [ pusan ] ) , formerly romanized as Pusan and now officially Busan Metropolitan City , is South Korea 's second most-populous city after Seoul , with a population of over 3.5 million inhabitants . It is the economic , cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea , with its port - Korea 's busiest and the fifth-busiest in the world [ a ] - only about 190 kilometers ( 120 mi ) from the Japanese islands of Kyushu and Honshu . The surrounding Southeast Economic Zone ( including Ulsan and South Gyeongsang ) is South Korea 's largest industrial area . Busan is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county , together housing a population of approximately 3.6 million . The full metropolitan area , the Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region , has a population of approximately 8 million . The most densely built-up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong and the Suyeong Rivers , with mountains separating most of the districts . The Nakdong is Korea 's longest river and Busan 's Haeundae Beach is also the country 's largest . Busan is a center for international conventions , hosting APEC in 2005 . It is also a center for sports tournaments in Korea , having hosted the 2002 Asian Games and FIFA World Cup . It is home to the world 's largest department store , the Shinsegae Centum City . Busan was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Film in December 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burj Al Alam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burj_Al_Alam', 'summary': "The Burj Al Alam ( English : World Tower ) was a proposed 108-story , 510 m ( 1,670 ft ) hyperboloid skyscraper in the Business Bay area of Dubai , United Arab Emirates , though the project 's roots are in a 101-storey design called Fortune 101 and slated for the Dubai Marina area . It was designed to resemble a crystal flower . If constructed , it would have become one of the world 's tallest buildings . The tower was one of the projects of the Fortune Group , which has a number of other projects in Dubai such as the Fortune Bay and Fortune Tower . The proposed building plan contained 74 floors of office space , a retail area at the base , and a hotel and serviced apartments in the top 27 floors . A 5-star hotel section would contain the highest hotel rooms in the world . The building would also feature a 6-storey crown that contained a Turkish bath , sky garden , and other club facilities . Ground breaking occurred on 12 November 2006 with the tower slated for completion in 2009 , but the project was dogged by delays in payments from investors due to the global financial crisis . Construction of the tower was put on hold just after piling work on the foundations was completed in 2009 . The main contractor for construction had not yet been selected when a report stated the structure was expected to be completed in 2012 . There was little sign of activity at the site after 2009 , and no further statements regarding progress . The pit dug out for foundations was allowed to fill with water , and as of May 2013 [ update ] , satellite maps of the site revealed it had been filled in and levelled ."}]}, {'value': '510 metres ( 1,670 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Arab Emirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates', 'summary': "The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ; Arabic : الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyyah al-Muttaḥidah ) , sometimes simply called the Emirates ( Arabic : الإمارات al-ʾImārāt ) , is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi ( which serves as the capital ) , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain . Their boundaries are complex , with numerous enclaves within the various emirates . Each emirate is governed by a ruler ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha , Sharjah . Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais . Known as Magan to the Sumerians , the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period , which traded between the Indus Valley , Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran , Bactria and the Levant . The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior . The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba . The UAE 's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar , in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area ."}]}, {'value': 'Dubai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dubai', 'summary': "Dubai ( /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY ; Arabic : دبي Dubay , Gulf Arabic : Arabic pronunciation : [ dʊˈbɑj ] ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai . Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia . It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo . Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city , which was already a major mercantile hub . Today , less than 5% of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century , Dubai 's economy relies on revenues from trade , tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'cancelled', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'On hold', 'section_text': 'Structures that are on hold or have been cancelled .', 'uid': 'List_of_tallest_structures_in_the_world_4', 'intro': 'The tallest structure in the world is the Burj Khalifa skyscraper at 829.8 m (2,722 ft). Listed are guyed masts (such as telecommunication masts), self-supporting towers (such as the CN Tower), skyscrapers (such as the Willis Tower), oil platforms, electricity transmission towers, and bridge support towers. This list is organized by absolute height. See List of tallest buildings and structures, List of tallest freestanding structures and List of tallest buildings and List of tallest towers for additional information about these types of structures.'}
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Which port city is located in China , is referred to as 'Port Arthur ' , and contains a tower less than 600 meters tall ?
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Dalian
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ff5cb85d00fbf7ef
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_21)', 'title': 'Live with Regis and Kelly (season 21)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'September 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Benjamin Bratt , Leighton Meester , and LaDainian Tomlinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_Bratt', 'summary': "Benjamin Bratt ( born December 16 , 1963 ) is an American actor , producer , and activist . Bratt gained exposure through his supporting roles in Bright Angel ( 1990 ) , Demolition Man ( 1993 ) , Clear and Present Danger ( 1994 ) , and The River Wild ( 1994 ) . From 1995 , he extended his global recognition with his role of NYPD Detective Rey Curtis on the NBC drama series Law & Order ( for which he was nominated for the 1999 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ) . In 2000 , Bratt played supporting roles in Miss Congeniality and Traffic , the former earned him a Blockbuster Entertainment award for Favourite Supporting Actor . In 2001 , Bratt starred in Piñero , for which he received an ALMA Award for Outstanding Actor . He has also starred in The Great Raid ( 2005 ) , La Mission ( 2009 ) , and The Lesser Blessed ( 2012 ) . Other notable live-action films of Bratt 's include Catwoman ( 2004 ) , The Woodsman ( 2004 ) , Thumbsucker ( 2005 ) , Trucker ( 2008 ) , Snitch ( 2013 ) , The Infiltrator ( 2016 ) , and Ride Along 2 ( 2016 ) . Bratt produced the film Dolores ( 2017 ) which follows the life of Dolores Huerta , the civil rights activist . The film received critical acclaim and received several awards . Bratt has voiced roles in animated feature films , including Manny in Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs ( 2009 ) , its sequel ( 2013 ) , El Macho in Despicable Me 2 ( 2013 ) , Lor-Zod / Hernan Guerra / Superman in Justice League : Gods and Monsters ( 2015 ) , and Ernesto de la Cruz in Coco ( 2017 ) . On television , Bratt portrayed Dr. Jake Reilly on ABC 's Private Practice ( 2011-2013 ) , Steve Navarro on 24 : Live Another Day ( 2014 ) , and Jahil Rivera on Star ( 2016-2018 ) . Bratt extended his global recognition with his role of Jonathan Pangborn in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , appearing in Doctor Strange in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leighton_Meester', 'summary': "Leighton Marissa Meester ( born April 9 , 1986 ) is an American actress , singer , songwriter , and model . She is best known for her starring role as the devious socialite Blair Waldorf on teen drama television series Gossip Girl on The CW ( 2007-2012 ) . She has also appeared in films such as Killer Movie ( 2008 ) , Country Strong ( 2010 ) , The Roommate ( 2011 ) , Monte Carlo ( 2011 ) , The Oranges ( 2011 ) and The Judge ( 2014 ) . Meester made her Broadway debut in Of Mice and Men ( 2014 ) . She portrays Angie D'Amato on the ABC sitcom Single Parents ( 2018-present ) . In addition to acting , Meester has also ventured into music . In 2009 , she featured on Cobra Starship 's Good Girls Go Bad , which charted in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 , and released her first single Somebody to Love on the Universal Republic label . She released a second single Your Love 's a Drug in 2010 . Meester has also recorded songs for various soundtracks . Her debut album , Heartstrings , was independently released in 2014 . She has also modeled , having been the face of brands such as Jimmy Choo , Herbal Essences , and Vera Wang ."}, {'url': '/wiki/LaDainian_Tomlinson', 'summary': "LaDainian Tramayne Tomlinson ( born June 23 , 1979 ) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League ( NFL ) for eleven seasons . He is widely considered one of the greatest running backs of all time . He played the majority of his career with the San Diego Chargers , who selected him with the fifth overall pick in the 2001 NFL Draft . Tomlinson was invited to five Pro Bowls , was an All-Pro six times , and won consecutive rushing titles in 2006 and 2007 , while being named 2006 NFL MVP . At the time of his retirement , he ranked fifth in career rushing yards ( 13,684 ) , seventh in all-purpose yards ( 18,456 ) , second in career rushing touchdowns ( 145 ) , and third in total touchdowns ( 162 ) . He is currently an analyst on NFL Network . After being elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2014 , Tomlinson was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in August 2017 , his first year of eligibility ; he is the first Pro Football Hall of Famer whose professional career began in the 21st century . Tomlinson played college football for Texas Christian University ( TCU ) , earned consensus All-America honors , and won the Doak Walker Award as the best college running back . He spent nine seasons with the Chargers . During the 2006 NFL season , he set several NFL touchdown scoring records and received numerous honors and awards including the NFL 's Most Valuable Player Award and the Associated Press 's Offensive Player of the Year Award . In 2010 , he signed as a free agent with the New York Jets , playing for two seasons before retiring after 2011 . Tomlinson is often referred to by his initials , L.T ."}]}, {'value': 'September 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Jeremy Piven , Lori Loughlin , and Live 's A Beach Travel Trivia Grand Prize Drawing", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeremy_Piven', 'summary': "Jeremy Samuel Piven ( born July 26 , 1965 ) is an American actor , comedian , and producer . He is known for his role as Ari Gold in the comedy series Entourage , for which he won a Golden Globe Award and three consecutive Emmy Awards . He also starred in the British period drama Mr Selfridge , which tells the story of the man who created the luxury English department store chain Selfridges , and portrayed Spence Kovak on Ellen DeGeneres 's sitcom Ellen ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lori_Loughlin', 'summary': 'Lori Anne Loughlin ( /ˈlɒklɪn/ ; born July 28 , 1964 ) is an American actress , model , and producer . She is known for her role as Rebecca Donaldson-Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom Full House ( 1988-1995 ) and its Netflix sequel Fuller House ( 2016-2019 ) . Loughlin has also had success playing the roles of Jody Travis in The Edge of Night ( 1980-1983 ) , Debbie Wilson in The CW series 90210 ( 2008-2011 , 2012 ) , Jennifer Shannon in the Garage Sale Mystery television film series ( 2013-2018 ) , and Abigail Stanton in When Calls the Heart ( 2014-2019 ) . Loughlin was a co-creator , producer and star for the two seasons of The WB series Summerland ( 2004-2005 ) . On March 12 , 2019 , Loughlin and her husband Mossimo Giannulli were arrested in connection with an alleged nationwide college entrance exam cheating scandal , charged with conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud , and released on bail . On April 15 , they pleaded not guilty .'}]}, {'value': 'September 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Connolly , David Boreanaz , and Leona Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Connolly_(actor)', 'summary': 'Kevin Connolly ( born March 5 , 1974 ) is an American actor and director . He is best known for his role as Eric Murphy in the HBO series Entourage , and his role as the eldest son Ryan Malloy in the 1990s television sitcom Unhappily Ever After . Connolly is also a director , having directed many episodes of television as well as the films Gardener of Eden , Dear Eleanor and Gotti .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Boreanaz', 'summary': 'David Boreanaz ( /bɔːriˈɑːnəs/ ; born May 16 , 1969 ) is an American actor , television producer , and director , known for playing the roles of vampire-turned-private investigator Angel on Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997-2003 ) and its spinoff Angel ( 1999-2004 ) ; FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth on the television crime procedural comedy-drama series Bones ( 2005-2017 ) ; and Jason Hayes in the military drama series SEAL Team ( 2017-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Leona_Lewis', 'summary': "Leona Louise Lewis ( born 3 April 1985 ) is a British singer , songwriter , actress , model and activist . She was born and raised in the London Borough of Islington in London , where she attended the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology . Lewis achieved national recognition when she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006 , winning a £1 million recording contract with Simon Cowell 's record label , Syco Music . Her winner 's single , a cover of Kelly Clarkson 's A Moment Like This , peaked at number one for four weeks on the UK Singles Chart and broke a world record for reaching 50,000 digital downloads within 30 minutes . In February 2007 , Lewis signed a five-album contract in the United States with Clive Davis 's record label , J Records . Lewis 's success continued with the release of her debut album , Spirit , in 2007 ; it was certified 10× platinum in the United Kingdom and became the fourth best-selling album of the 2000s . It is one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history . In the US , Lewis became the first UK solo artist to debut at number one with a debut album , with Spirit . The lead single , Bleeding Love , spent seven weeks at number one in the UK where it became the best-selling single of 2007 . She achieved international recognition with the album in 2008 when it topped charts around the world . Spirit has sold more than eight million copies worldwide , and Bleeding Love peaked at number one in over 30 countries , including the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming the best-selling single of 2008 . As a result , she was proclaimed Top New Artist by Billboard in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Jerry O'Connell , Dr. Phil , and Vivica A . Fox", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Jerry_O'Connell", 'summary': "Jeremiah O'Connell ( born February 17 , 1974 ) is an American actor , director and talk show host , known for his roles as Quinn Mallory in the television series Sliders , Andrew Clements in My Secret Identity , Vern Tessio in the film Stand by Me ( 1986 ) , Joe in Joe 's Apartment ( 1996 ) , Frank Cushman in Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , Derek in Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , Charlie Carbone in Kangaroo Jack ( 2003 ) , and Detective Woody Hoyt on the drama Crossing Jordan . He starred as Pete Kaczmarek in the single 2010-11 season of The Defenders . He also had a starring role in the comedy horror film Piranha 3D ( 2010 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dr._Phil', 'summary': "Phillip Calvin McGraw ( born September 1 , 1950 ) , also known as Dr. Phil , is an American television personality and author who is the host of the television show Dr. Phil . He holds a doctorate in clinical psychology , but is not licensed to practice . McGraw first gained celebrity status with appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show in the late 1990s . Raised in the South Central United States , McGraw played college football for the University of Tulsa and Midwestern State University , where he earned a Bachelor of Arts in psychology . He then earned his Master of Arts in experimental psychology and Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of North Texas . He began working in private practice for several years while also holding large seminars for patients . McGraw 's fame began in 1998 , when he began making weekly appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show . Oprah Winfrey then helped McGraw launch his own program , Dr. Phil , in September 2002 . The show is formatted as an advice show . In October 2003 , he launched the Dr. Phil Foundation which is dedicated toward fighting childhood obesity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vivica_A._Fox', 'summary': "Vivica Anjanetta Fox ( born July 30 , 1964 ) is an American actress , producer and television host . Fox began her career with roles on the daytime television soap operas Days of Our Lives ( 1988 ) and Generations ( 1989-91 ) , subsequently shifting to the prime-time slot starring opposite Patti LaBelle , in the NBC sitcom Out All Night ( 1992-93 ) . Fox 's breakthrough came in 1996 , with roles in two box-office hit films , Roland Emmerich 's Independence Day and F. Gary Gray 's Set It Off . Fox later has starred in films Booty Call ( 1997 ) , Soul Food ( 1997 ) , Why Do Fools Fall in Love ( 1998 ) , Kingdom Come ( 2001 ) , Two Can Play That Game ( 2001 ) , and Boat Trip ( 2002 ) . Fox played Vernita Green in Kill Bill , and played supporting parts in films like Ella Enchanted ( 2004 ) . Fox had the leading roles in the short-lived Fox sitcom Getting Personal ( 1998 ) , and CBS medical drama City of Angels ( 2000 ) . From 2003 to 2006 , she co-starred in and produced the Lifetime crime drama series , Missing , for which she received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series . Fox has also produced a number of straight-to-video films ."}]}, {'value': 'September 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Shannen Doherty and Rachael Ray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shannen_Doherty', 'summary': 'Shannen Maria Doherty ( /ˈdoʊ.ərti/ ; born April 12 , 1971 ) is an American actress , producer , and television director . She is known for her roles as Jenny Wilder in Little House on the Prairie ( 1982-83 ) , Maggie Malene in Girls Just Want to Have Fun ( 1985 ) , Kris Witherspoon in Our House ( 1986-88 ) , Heather Duke in Heathers ( 1988 ) , Brenda Walsh in Beverly Hills , 90210 ( 1990-94 ) then in BH90210 ( 2019 ) and Prue Halliwell in Charmed ( 1998-2001 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rachael_Ray', 'summary': "Rachael Domenica Ray ( born August 25 , 1968 ) is an American television personality , businesswoman , celebrity cook and author . She hosts the syndicated daily talk and lifestyle program Rachael Ray , and the Food Network series 30 Minute Meals . Other programs to her credit include Rachael Ray 's Tasty Travels , $ 40 a Day , Rachael Ray 's Week In A Day and the reality format shows Rachael vs . Guy : Celebrity Cook-Off , and Rachael Ray 's Kids Cook-Off . Ray has written several cookbooks based on the 30 Minute Meals concept , and launched a magazine Every Day with Rachael Ray , in 2006 . Ray 's television shows have won three Daytime Emmy Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'September 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Howie Mandel and Chace Crawford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howie_Mandel', 'summary': "Howard Michael Mandel ( born November 29 , 1955 ) is a Canadian comedian , actor , voice actor , and television host . He hosted the CNBC ( originally NBC ) game show Deal or No Deal , as well as the show 's daytime and Canadian-English counterparts . In 1987 , Mandel starred alongside Amy Steel in the comedy film Walk Like a Man . From 1982 to 1988 , Mandel played rowdy ER intern Dr. Wayne Fiscus on the NBC medical drama St . Elsewhere . He also created , voiced , and starred in the FOX 's children 's cartoon Bobby 's World , and judges on NBC 's America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chace_Crawford', 'summary': "Chace Crawford ( born July 18 , 1985 ) is an American actor , known for his portrayal of Nate Archibald on The CW 's teen drama series Gossip Girl . He is also known for starring in the films The Covenant ( 2006 ) , The Haunting of Molly Hartley ( 2008 ) , Twelve ( 2010 ) , and What to Expect When You 're Expecting ( 2012 ) . In 2015 , he portrayed Billy LeFever in ABC 's short-lived drama series Blood & Oil . In 2019 , he appeared as a member of the main cast of the Amazon Prime Video original series , The Boys , is based on the comic book series of the same name , portraying the Deep ."}]}, {'value': 'September 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Keira Knightley and Gavin DeGraw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keira_Knightley', 'summary': "Keira Christina Knightley , OBE ( /ˈkɪərə ˈnaɪtli/ ; born 26 March 1985 ) is a British actress . She has been nominated for two British Academy Film Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and two Academy Awards . Knightley began acting as a child on television and made her feature film debut in 1995 , before making her breakthrough with the 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham . She then starred in the 2003 fantasy swashbuckler film Pirates of the Caribbean , playing Elizabeth Swann , a role that she would reprise in the subsequent films of the franchise . A significant turning point came in her career when Knightley received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for starring as Elizabeth Bennet in Pride & Prejudice ( 2005 ) . She became known for starring in several other period dramas , including Atonement ( 2007 ) , The Duchess ( 2008 ) , A Dangerous Method ( 2011 ) , Anna Karenina ( 2012 ) , and Colette ( 2018 ) . Knightley received her second nomination for the Academy Award for portraying Joan Clarke in the historical drama The Imitation Game ( 2014 ) . Her contemporary film roles were in the romantic comedy Begin Again ( 2013 ) , the action thriller Jack Ryan : Shadow Recruit ( 2014 ) , and the adventure film Everest ( 2015 ) . On stage , Knightley has appeared on the West End in Martin Crimp 's 2009 production of The Misanthrope , which earned her a nomination for a Laurence Olivier Award . She also starred as the eponymous heroine in the 2015 Broadway production of Thérèse Raquin . She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2018 Birthday Honours for services to drama and charity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gavin_DeGraw', 'summary': "Gavin Shane DeGraw ( born February 4 , 1977 ) is an American singer-songwriter . He rose to fame with the single I Do n't Want to Be from his debut album Chariot ( 2003 ) ; the song became the theme song for the television drama series One Tree Hill . Other notable singles from his debut album Chariot and Follow Through . His second album , Gavin DeGraw , was released in 2008 and included the top-20 single In Love with a Girl . In 2009 , DeGraw released his third album , Free . His fourth album , Sweeter ( 2011 ) , spawned the hit single Not Over You along with Soldier and Sweeter . In 2013 , DeGraw released Make a Move , and Something Worth Saving followed in September 2016 . DeGraw 's duet with Colbie Caillat on We Both Know for the 2013 film Safe Haven received a Grammy Award nomination ."}]}, {'value': 'September 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Shirley MacLaine and Wayne Brady', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine', 'summary': "Shirley MacLaine ( born Shirley MacLean Beaty ; April 24 , 1934 ) is an American film , television , and theater actress , singer , dancer , activist , and author . An Oscar winner , MacLaine received the 40th AFI Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute in 2012 , and received the Kennedy Center Honors for her lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts in 2013 . She is known for her New Age beliefs , and has an interest in spirituality and reincarnation . She has written a series of autobiographical works that describe these beliefs , document her world travels , and describe her Hollywood career . Her first film was Alfred Hitchcock 's The Trouble With Harry in 1955 . A six-time Academy Award nominee , MacLaine received a nomination for Best Documentary Feature for The Other Half of the Sky : A China Memoir ( 1975 ) , and Best Actress nominations for Some Came Running ( 1958 ) , The Apartment ( 1960 ) , Irma la Douce ( 1963 ) , and The Turning Point ( 1977 ) , before winning Best Actress for Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) . She twice won the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress , for Ask Any Girl ( 1959 ) , and The Apartment ( 1960 ) ; and won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Special for the 1976 TV special , Gypsy In My Soul . She has also won five competitive Golden Globe Awards , ( from nineteen nominations ) , and received the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 1998 ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Brady', 'summary': "Wayne Alphonso Brady ( born June 2 , 1972 ) is an American actor , singer , comedian , producer , game show host , television personality and presenter , who is a regular on the American version of the improvisational comedy television series Whose Line Is It Anyway ? He was the host of the daytime talk show The Wayne Brady Show , the original host of Fox 's Do n't Forget the Lyrics ! , and has hosted Let 's Make a Deal since its 2009 revival . Brady also performed in the Tony Award-winning musical Kinky Boots on Broadway as Simon - who is also drag queen Lola - from November 2015 to March 2016 , and as James Stinson on the American TV series How I Met Your Mother ."}]}, {'value': 'September 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Meg Ryan and Jon Hamm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meg_Ryan', 'summary': "Meg Ryan ( born Margaret Mary Emily Hyra ; November 19 , 1961 ) is an American actress and producer . Ryan began her acting career in 1981 in minor roles before joining the cast of the CBS soap opera As the World Turns in 1982 . Subsequently , she began to appear in supporting roles in films during the mid 1980s like box office hit Top Gun , achieving recognition in independent films such as Promised Land ( 1987 ) before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally . ( 1989 ) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination . Ryan subsequently established herself , both nationally and internationally , as one of the most successful actresses in the 1990s and early 2000s , particularly in romantic comedy films such as Sleepless in Seattle ( 1993 ) , French Kiss ( 1995 ) , You 've Got Mail ( 1998 ) , and Kate & Leopold ( 2001 ) . Her other films include The Doors ( 1991 ) , When a Man Loves a Woman ( 1994 ) , Courage Under Fire ( 1996 ) , Addicted to Love ( 1997 ) , City of Angels ( 1998 ) , Proof of Life ( 2000 ) , and The Women ( 2008 ) . In 2015 , she made her directorial debut with Ithaca , a film in which she also acted ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jon_Hamm', 'summary': "Jonathan Daniel Hamm ( born March 10 , 1971 ) is an American actor and producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper in the AMC television drama series Mad Men ( 2007-2015 ) . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in Los Angeles , making appearances in television series Providence , The Division , What About Brian , and Related . In 2000 , he made his feature film debut in the space adventure film Space Cowboys . The next year , he had a minor role in the independent comedy Kissing Jessica Stein ( 2001 ) . He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began in July 2007 . His performance earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series - Drama in 2008 and again in 2016 , and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2015 . He also directed two episodes of the show . In 2008 , Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still . His first leading film role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen . He then had leading roles in Million Dollar Arm ( 2014 ) , Keeping Up with the Joneses ( 2016 ) , and Beirut ( 2018 ) , and supporting roles in The Town ( 2010 ) , Sucker Punch ( 2011 ) , Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , Baby Driver ( 2017 ) , Tag ( 2018 ) , and Bad Times at the El Royale ( 2018 ) . Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in or production of Mad Men , 30 Rock ( 2006-2013 ) , and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015-2019 ) . His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctor 's Notebook and guest roles in Black Mirror , Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp ."}]}, {'value': 'September 12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Jeff Probst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Probst', 'summary': 'Jeff Probst ( born November 4 , 1961 ) is an American game show host and an executive producer . He is best known as the Emmy Award-winning host of the U.S. version of the reality television show Survivor . He was also the host of The Jeff Probst Show , a syndicated daytime talk show produced by CBS Television Distribution from September 2012 to May 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Eva Mendes and Chris Meloni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eva_Mendes', 'summary': "Eva de la Caridad Méndez , known professionally as Eva Mendes ( /ˈmɛndɛz/ ; born March 5 , 1974 ) , is an American actress and businesswoman . Her acting career began in the late 1990s , with a series of roles in films such as Children of the Corn V : Fields of Terror ( 1998 ) and Urban Legends : Final Cut ( 2000 ) . Mendes 's performance in Training Day ( 2001 ) marked a turning point in her career , and led to parts in the commercially successful films 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) and Hitch ( 2005 ) . She starred in Ghost Rider ( 2007 ) and The Spirit ( 2008 ) , both film adaptations of comics , and ventured into more dramatic territory with We Own the Night ( 2007 ) , Bad Lieutenant ( 2009 ) , Last Night ( 2010 ) , and The Place Beyond the Pines ( 2012 ) . Her other films include Out of Time ( 2003 ) , The Women ( 2008 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) , and Girl in Progress ( 2012 ) . Mendes has appeared in several music videos for artists like Will Smith , and has also been an ambassador for brands , including Calvin Klein , Cartier , Reebok , Pantene shampoo , Morgan , and Peek & Cloppenburg . She has designed for New York & Company and is the creative director of CIRCA Beauty , a makeup line sold at Walgreens . She has been in a relationship with Canadian actor Ryan Gosling since 2011 , and they have two daughters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Meloni', 'summary': "Christopher Peter Meloni ( born April 2 , 1961 ) is an American actor . He is known for his television roles as NYPD Detective Elliot Stabler on the NBC legal drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit for its first twelve seasons and as inmate Chris Keller on the HBO prison drama Oz . In June 2012 , he returned to HBO , as the vampire Roman on the main cast of True Blood for the series ' fifth season . Meloni also starred in and executive produced the Syfy series Happy ! from 2017 to 2019 . His films include Man of Steel , Wet Hot American Summer , Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle , 12 Monkeys , Runaway Bride , 42 , and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas ."}]}, {'value': 'September 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Ricky Gervais and Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Gervais', 'summary': "Ricky Dene Gervais ( /dʒərˈveɪz/ jer-VAYS ; born 25 June 1961 ) is an English stand-up comedian , actor , writer , film producer , director , and musician . He is perhaps best known for co-creating , writing , and acting in the British television series The Office ( 2001-2003 ) . He has won seven BAFTA Awards , five British Comedy Awards , two Emmy Awards , three Golden Globe Awards , and the Rose d'Or twice ( 2006 and 2019 ) , as well as a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination . In 2007 , he was placed at No . 11 on Channel 4 's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups and at No . 3 on the updated 2010 list . In 2010 , he was named on the Time 100 list of the world 's most influential people . Gervais initially worked in the music industry , attempting a career as a pop star in the 1980s as the singer of the new-wave act Seona Dancing and working as the manager of the then unknown band Suede before turning to comedy . Gervais appeared on The 11 O'Clock Show on Channel 4 between 1998 and 2000 , garnering a reputation as a blunt and often controversial social critic . In 2000 , he was given a Channel 4 spoof talk show , Meet Ricky Gervais . He achieved greater mainstream fame the following year with his BBC television mock documentary series The Office . It was followed by Extras in 2005 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': 'September 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Samuel L. Jackson and Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson', 'summary': "Samuel Leroy Jackson ( born December 21 , 1948 ) is an American actor and film producer . Jackson has won critical acclaim and numerous accolades and awards , and is the highest-grossing actor of all time ( when cameo appearances are excluded ) . He came to prominence in the early 1990s with films such as Goodfellas ( 1990 ) , Jungle Fever ( 1991 ) , Patriot Games ( 1992 ) , Amos & Andrew ( 1993 ) , True Romance ( 1993 ) , Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) and his collaborations with director Quentin Tarantino including Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , Jackie Brown ( 1997 ) , Django Unchained ( 2012 ) , and The Hateful Eight ( 2015 ) . For his role in Pulp Fiction , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Jackson is a highly prolific actor , having appeared in over 150 films , including Die Hard with a Vengeance ( 1995 ) , A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) , The Long Kiss Goodnight ( 1996 ) , The Negotiator ( 1998 ) , Deep Blue Sea ( 1999 ) , Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , Shaft ( 2000 ) and its sequel , XXX ( 2002 ) , Snakes on a Plane ( 2006 ) , Kong : Skull Island ( 2017 ) and the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 1999-2005 ) . With Jackson 's permission , his likeness was used for the Ultimate version of the Marvel Comics character Nick Fury . He has subsequently played Fury in eleven Marvel Cinematic Universe films beginning with a cameo appearance in Iron Man ( 2008 ) , as well as guest starring in the television series Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D . Jackson has provided his voice to several animated films , television series and video games , including the roles of Lucius Best / Frozone in Pixar Animation Studios ' films The Incredibles ( 2004 ) and Incredibles 2 ( 2018 ) , Mace Windu in Star Wars : The Clone Wars ( 2008 ) , Whiplash in Turbo ( 2013 ) , Afro Samurai in the anime television series Afro Samurai ( 2007 ) , and Frank Tenpenny in the video game Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas ( 2004 ) . Jackson is ranked as the highest all-time box office star with over $ 7.1 billion total US box office gross , an average of $ 89.9 million per film . The worldwide box office total of his films ( excluding cameo appearances ) is over $ 16.7 billion . He became the top-grossing actor in October 2011 , surpassing veteran voice actor Frank Welker ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': 'September 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Andrew McCarthy and Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_McCarthy', 'summary': "Andrew Thomas McCarthy ( born November 29 , 1962 ) is an American actor , travel writer and television director . He is most known as a member of the Brat Pack , with roles in 1980s films such as St. Elmo 's Fire , Pretty in Pink , and Less Than Zero . He is ranked # 40 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Teen Stars of all-time list . As a director he is known for his work on the Emmy Award-winning series Orange Is the New Black ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': 'September 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Dana Delany , Dwyane Wade , and Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dana_Delany', 'summary': 'Dana Welles Delany ( born March 13 , 1956 ) is an American actress , producer , and activist . After appearing in small roles early in her career , Delany received her breakthrough role as Colleen McMurphy on the ABC television drama China Beach ( 1988-1991 ) , for which she twice received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1989 and 1992 . She received further recognition for her appearances in the films Light Sleeper ( 1992 ) , Tombstone ( 1993 ) , Exit to Eden ( 1994 ) , The Margaret Sanger Story ( 1995 ) , Fly Away Home ( 1996 ) , True Women ( 1997 ) , and Wide Awake ( 1998 ) . In the 2000s , Delany appeared in main roles on several short-lived television series , including Pasadena ( 2001 ) , Presidio Med ( 2002-2003 ) , and Kidnapped ( 2006-2007 ) . From 2007 to 2010 , she starred as Katherine Mayfair on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives , for which she received a Prism Award in 2009 . Delany then starred as Megan Hunt on the ABC medical drama Body of Proof ( 2011-2013 ) , and as Crystal Harris on the Amazon drama series Hand of God ( 2014-2017 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dwyane_Wade', 'summary': "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. ( /dweɪn/ dwayn ; born January 17 , 1982 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Wade spent the majority of his 16-year career playing for the Miami Heat in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . After a successful college basketball career with the Marquette Golden Eagles , Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by the Heat . In his third season , Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , Wade led the United States men 's basketball team , commonly known as the Redeem Team , in scoring and helped them capture the gold medal . In the 2008-09 season , Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title . With LeBron James and Chris Bosh , Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014 , winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013 . After playing for the Chicago Bulls and the Cleveland Cavaliers , Wade finished his playing career with Miami in 2018 . A 13-time NBA All-Star , Wade is Miami 's all-time leader in points , games , assists , steals , shots made , and shots taken ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': 'September 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Kyle MacLachlan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyle_MacLachlan', 'summary': "Kyle Merritt MacLachlan ( /məˈɡlɒklən/ ; born February 22 , 1959 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks ( 1990-1991 ; 2017 ) and its film prequel Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , as well as roles in two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune ( 1984 ) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden ( 1987 ) , Ray Manzarek in The Doors ( 1991 ) , Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , Zack Carey in Showgirls ( 1995 ) , and the voice of Riley 's father in Inside Out ( 2015 ) . He has had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City ( 2000-2002 ) , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives ( 2006-2012 ) , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother ( 2010-2014 ) , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia ( 2011-2018 ) and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D . ( 2014-2015 ) . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Television Series Drama ( 1990 ) , and was nominated in the same category in 2017 , for playing the role of Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks . He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for Twin Peaks ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Chiklis , Kristy Lee Cook , and Guinness World Record Breaker Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Chiklis', 'summary': 'Michael Charles Chiklis ( born August 30 , 1963 ) is an American actor , director and television producer . He is perhaps best known for his role as LAPD Detective Vic Mackey on the FX police drama The Shield , for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series . He is also known for playing Commissioner Tony Scali on the ABC police drama The Commish , The Thing in two Fantastic Four films , and Jim Powell on the ABC science-fiction comedy-drama No Ordinary Family . Additionally , he co-starred as Vincent Savino in the CBS crime drama Vegas . In 2014 Chiklis joined the cast of American Horror Story for its fourth season , American Horror Story : Freak Show . The following year he was cast as Nathaniel Barnes , in the second season of Gotham , as a series regular .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kristy_Lee_Cook', 'summary': 'Kristy Lee Cook ( born January 18 , 1984 ) is an American country music singer who was the seventh place finalist on the seventh season of American Idol . In 2005 , Cook released her first album called Devoted . In June 2008 , Cook signed to 19 Recordings and Arista Nashville . She released her post-Idol album , Why Wait , on September 16 , 2008 . This album has produced her first chart single , 15 Minutes of Shame , a Top 30 hit on the Billboard country charts . Her first single for Broken Bow Records , Airborne Ranger Infantry , was released on October 16 , 2012 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Guinness_World_Records', 'summary': 'Guinness World Records , known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records , is a reference book published annually , listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world . The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver , the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street , London , in August 1954 . The book itself holds a world record , as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time . As of the 2019 edition , it is now in its 64th year of publication , published in 100 countries and 23 languages . The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums . The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records . The organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records .'}]}, {'value': 'September 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Dillon , David Blaine , and 2008 Relly Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Dillon', 'summary': 'Kevin Brady Dillon ( born August 19 , 1965 ) is an American actor . He is best known for portraying Johnny Drama Chase on the HBO comedy series Entourage , Bunny in the war film Platoon , and John Densmore in the musical biopic The Doors . He was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award for his performance on Entourage .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Blaine', 'summary': "David Blaine White ( born April 4 , 1973 ) is an American illusionist , endurance artist and extreme performer . He is best known for his high-profile feats of endurance , and has set and broken several world records . Blaine innovated the way magic is shown on television by focusing on spectator reactions . His idea was to turn the camera around on the people watching instead of the performer , to make the audience watch the audience . The New York Times noted that he 's taken a craft that 's been around for hundreds of years and done something unique and fresh with it . According to the New York Daily News , Blaine can lay claim to his own brand of wizardry . The magic he offers operates on an uncommonly personal level . Penn Jillette called Blaine 's first television special , Street Magic , the biggest breakthrough ( in television magic ) done in our lifetime for changing the perspective of television viewers toward those seeing the trick live ."}]}, {'value': 'September 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Diane Lane , Poppy Montgomery , and 2008 Relly Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diane_Lane', 'summary': "Diane Colleen Lane ( born January 22 , 1965 ) is an American actress . Born and raised in New York City , Lane made her screen debut in George Roy Hill 's 1979 film A Little Romance . She has since appeared in several notable films , including the 2002 film Unfaithful , which earned her Satellite , New York Film Critics Circle , and National Society of Film Critics awards for Best Actress in a Motion Picture ( Drama ) . Her performance in Unfaithful also garnered her Academy Award , Golden Globe , and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations for Best Actress . Lane has starred in The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Knight Moves ( 1992 ) , Judge Dredd ( 1995 ) , A Walk on the Moon ( 1999 ) , The Perfect Storm ( 2000 ) , Under the Tuscan Sun ( 2003 ) , Cinema Verite ( 2011 ) , Inside Out ( 2015 ) , Trumbo ( 2015 ) , and in the sixth season of House of Cards . She played Martha Kent in Man of Steel ( 2013 ) , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice ( 2016 ) , and Justice League ( 2017 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Poppy_Montgomery', 'summary': 'Poppy Montgomery ( born Poppy Petal Emma Elizabeth Deveraux Donaghue ; 15 June 1972 ) is an Australian-American actress . She played FBI agent Samantha Spade on the CBS mystery drama Without a Trace from 2002 to 2009 , and played Detective Carrie Wells on the CBS/A & E police drama Unforgettable from 2011 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Richard Gere , America Ferrera , and 2008 Relly Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Gere', 'summary': "Richard Tiffany Gere ( IPA : /ɡɪər/ GEER ; born August 31 , 1949 ) [ citation needed ] is an American actor and producer . He began in films in the 1970s , playing a supporting role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar ( 1977 ) and a starring role in Days of Heaven ( 1978 ) . He came to prominence with his role in the film American Gigolo ( 1980 ) , which established him as a leading man and a sex symbol . He went on to star in many well-received films , including An Officer and a Gentleman ( 1982 ) , The Cotton Club ( 1984 ) , Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) , Sommersby ( 1993 ) , Primal Fear ( 1996 ) , Runaway Bride ( 1999 ) , I 'm Not There ( 2007 ) , Arbitrage ( 2012 ) and Norman : The Moderate Rise and Tragic Fall of a New York Fixer ( 2016 ) . For portraying Billy Flynn in the Academy Award-winning musical Chicago ( 2002 ) , he won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the cast ."}, {'url': '/wiki/America_Ferrera', 'summary': "America Georgine Ferrera ( /fəˈrɛərə/ ; born April 18 , 1984 ) is an American actress , voice actress , producer , and director . Born in Los Angeles , California , to Honduran parents , Ferrera developed an interest in acting at a young age , performing in several stage productions at her school . She made her feature film debut in 2002 with the comedy drama Real Women Have Curves , winning praise for her performance . Ferrera is the recipient of numerous accolades including an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe Award , and a Screen Actors Guild Award among others . Ferrera garnered modest success early in her career with roles in films like the Disney original Got ta Kick It Up ! ( 2002 ) and the drama The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants ( 2005 ) ; the latter earned her the Imagen Award Best Actress and her first nomination at the ALMA Awards . She ventured into television roles and landed the leading part on the ABC comedy drama Ugly Betty ( 2006-2010 ) . Ferrera garnered critical acclaim for playing the protagonist of the series Betty Suarez , and won the Best Actress Awards at various award ceremonies in 2007 including the Golden Globe Awards , the Screen Actors Guild Awards , and the Primetime Emmy Award , the first for a Latin woman in the category . Ferrera 's other notable film roles include the drama The Dry Land ( 2010 ) , the romantic comedy Our Family Wedding ( 2010 ) , and the crime drama End of Watch ( 2012 ) . She provided the voice of Astrid Hofferson in the How to Train Your Dragon franchise , including the three films and the television series Dreamworks Dragons . She co-produces and stars as Amy Sosa in the NBC comedy series Superstore ( 2015-present ) . Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Rock , Vanessa Williams , and 2008 Relly Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Rock', 'summary': "Christopher Julius Rock ( born February 7 , 1965 ) is an American comedian , actor , writer , producer , and director . After working as a stand-up comedian and appearing in supporting film roles , Rock came to wider prominence as a cast member of Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s . He went on to more prominent film appearances , with starring roles in Down to Earth ( 2001 ) , Head of State ( 2003 ) , The Longest Yard ( 2005 ) , the Madagascar film series ( 2005-2012 ) , Grown Ups ( 2010 ) , its sequel Grown Ups 2 ( 2013 ) , Top Five ( 2014 ) , and a series of acclaimed stand-up specials for HBO . He developed , wrote , and narrated the sitcom Everybody Hates Chris ( 2005-2009 ) , which was based on his early life . Rock hosted the 77th Academy Awards in 2005 and the 88th in 2016 . He has won four Emmy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He was voted the fifth-greatest stand-up comedian in a poll conducted by Comedy Central . He was also voted in the United Kingdom as the ninth-greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4 's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups in 2007 , and again in the updated 2010 list as the eighth-greatest stand-up comic ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vanessa_L._Williams', 'summary': "Vanessa Lynn Williams ( born March 18 , 1963 ) is an American singer , actress , and fashion designer . She initially gained recognition as the first woman of African-American descent to receive the Miss America title when she was crowned Miss America 1984 in 1983 . However , a scandal arose the following year when , a few weeks prior to the end of her reign , Williams learned that Penthouse magazine would be publishing , now iconic , unauthorized nude photographs of her in an upcoming issue . Amid growing media controversy and scrutiny , Williams resigned as Miss America in July 1984 ( under pressure from the Miss America Organization ) , and was replaced by first runner-up Miss New Jersey Suzette Charles . Thirty-two years later , Miss America CEO Sam Haskell offered her a public apology ( during the Miss America 2016 pageant ) for the events of 1984 . Williams rebounded from the scandal with a successful career as a singer and actress . In 1988 , she released her debut studio album The Right Stuff whose title single saw moderate success before Dreamin ' peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the United States in 1989 . With her second and third studio albums , The Comfort Zone ( 1991 ) and The Sweetest Days ( 1994 ) , she saw continued commercial success and received multiple Grammy Award nominations - this included her number-one hit ( in early 1992 ) and signature song , Save the Best for Last , which she performed live at the 1993 Grammy Awards ceremonies . Her later studio albums include Everlasting Love ( 2005 ) and The Real Thing ( 2009 ) . As an actress , Williams enjoyed success on both stage and screen , receiving an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture for her portrayal of Teri Joseph in the film Soul Food ( 1997 ) . Her best known television roles are that of Wilhelmina Slater on Ugly Betty ( 2006-10 ) , for which she was nominated three times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series , and Renee Perry on Desperate Housewives ( 2010-12 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'September 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Nick Lachey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nick_Lachey', 'summary': "Nicholas Scott Lachey ( /ləˈʃeɪ/ lə-SHAY ; born November 9 , 1973 ) is an American actor , singer , and television personality . He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees , and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds : Nick and Jessica with his then-wife , Jessica Simpson . He has released four solo albums : SoulO , What 's Left of Me , A Father 's Lullaby , and Soundtrack of My Life . He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed ."}]}, {'value': 'Victoria Beckham , Usain Bolt , and 2008 Relly Awards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_Beckham', 'summary': "Victoria Caroline Beckham OBE ( née Adams ; born 17 April 1974 ) is an English fashion designer and singer . In the late 1990s , Beckham rose to fame with the all-female pop group Spice Girls , and was dubbed Posh Spice by the July 1996 issue of the British music magazine Top of the Pops . After the Spice Girls split , she was signed to Virgin Records and Telstar Records and had four UK Top 10 singles . Her first release , Out of Your Mind , reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart . Beckham has participated in five official documentaries and reality shows about her , including Victoria 's Secrets , Being Victoria Beckham , The Real Beckhams , Victoria Beckham - A Mile In Their Shoes and Victoria Beckham : Coming to America . She has since made a cameo appearance in an episode of Ugly Betty , and been a guest judge on Project Runway , Germany 's Next Topmodel , and American Idol . In the past decade , Beckham has become an internationally recognised style icon and fashion designer . Following high-profile collaborations with other brands , she launched an eponymous label in 2008 , and a lower-priced ( diffusion ) label in 2011 . The Victoria Beckham label was named designer brand of the year in the UK in 2011 ; in 2012 the brand was assessed as the star performer in the Beckham family 's business interests . Writing in the Daily Telegraph in 2011 , Belinda White noted that the transition from WAG to fashion designer had been more successful than most had predicted , saying : She has gathered a significant celebrity following and won over the scathing fashion pack who now clamour for a ticket to her bi-annual show at New York Fashion Week . She is married to David Beckham , and they have four children . As of May 2019 , the couple 's joint wealth is estimated at £355 million ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Usain_Bolt', 'summary': 'Usain St Leo Bolt , OJ , CD ( /ˈjuːseɪn/ ; born 21 August 1986 ) is a Jamaican former sprinter . He is a world record holder in the 100 metres , 200 metres and 4 × 100 metres relay . Owing to his achievements and dominance in sprint competition , he is widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time . An eight-time Olympic gold medallist , Bolt is the only sprinter to win Olympic 100 m and 200 m titles at three consecutive Olympics ( 2008 , 2012 and 2016 ) . In addition he won two 4 × 100 relay gold medals . He gained worldwide fame for his double sprint victory in world record times at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , which made him the first person to hold both records since fully automatic time became mandatory . An eleven-time World Champion , he won consecutive World Championship 100 m , 200 m and 4 × 100 metres relay gold medals from 2009 to 2015 , with the exception of a 100 m false start in 2011 . He is the most successful athlete of the World Championships . Bolt is the first athlete to win four World Championship titles in the 200 m and is the joint-most successful in the 100 m with three titles . Bolt improved upon his second 100 m world record of 9.69 with 9.58 seconds in 2009 - the biggest improvement since the start of electronic timing . He has twice broken the 200 metres world record , setting 19.30 in 2008 and 19.19 in 2009 . He has helped Jamaica to three 4 × 100 metres relay world records , with the current record being 36.84 seconds set in 2012 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'September 2008', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_21)_0', 'intro': "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 21st season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment."}
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What date did the guest who landed the leading part on the ABC comedy drama Ugly Betty go on Live with Regis and Kelly ?
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September 24
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NHL_playoff_series', 'title': 'List of NHL playoff series', 'header': ['Opponent', 'S', 'Occurrences', 'GP', 'Rec', '%'], 'data': [{'value': 'Montreal Canadiens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens', 'summary': "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1930 , 1932 , 1933 , 1935 , 1950 , 1956 , 1957 , 1967 , 1969 , 1972 , 1974 , 1979 , 1986 , 1996 , 2014 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1930_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1929-30 NHL season was the 13th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The Montreal Canadiens upset the heavily favoured Boston Bruins two games to none for the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1932_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1931-32 NHL season was the 15th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Quakers suspended operations , leaving eight teams to play 48 games each . In the Stanley Cup Finals , the Toronto Maple Leafs swept the New York Rangers in three games to win the franchise 's third Stanley Cup championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1933_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1932-33 NHL season was the 16th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nine teams each played 48 games . The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one for the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1935_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1934-35 NHL season was the 18th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nine teams each played 48 games . The Montreal Maroons were the Stanley Cup winners as they swept the Toronto Maple Leafs in three games in the final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1950_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1949-50 NHL season was the 33rd season of the National Hockey League . The Detroit Red Wings defeated the New York Rangers in seven games for the Stanley Cup . It was the Red Wings ' fourth championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1956_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1955-56 NHL season was the 39th season of the National Hockey League . Six teams each played 70 games . The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup champions as they beat the Detroit Red Wings four games to one in the best-of-seven final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1957_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1956-57 NHL season was the 40th season of the National Hockey League . Six teams each played 70 games . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive season , defeating the Boston Bruins four games to one in the best-of-seven final series . The final game was won with a clutch goal from Montreal defenseman Tom Johnson that clinched the Stanley Cup championship for the Canadiens 3-2 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1967_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) was the final playoffs before the expansion from six to twelve teams . The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the defending champion Montreal Canadiens in six games to win the Stanley Cup . The Leafs squad was the oldest ever to win a Cup final ; the average age of the team was well more than 30 , and four players were more than 40 . Toronto has not won the Cup or been to the Finals since .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1969_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1968-69 NHL season was the 52nd season of the National Hockey League . Twelve teams each played 76 games ( two more than in 1967-68 ) . For the second time in a row , the Montreal Canadiens faced the St. Louis Blues in the Stanley Cup finals . Montreal won their second consecutive Stanley Cup as they swept the Blues in four , an identical result to the previous season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1972_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1971-72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League . Fourteen teams each played 78 games . The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1974_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1973-74 NHL season was the 57th season of the National Hockey League . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup championship , the team 's first . The team was the first of the post-1967 teams to win the Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1986_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1986 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , after the conclusion of the 1985-86 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the Calgary Flames 4-1 to win the series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup . This was the last time to date that all active Canadian teams have qualified in the same season . It is also the second time that all seven active teams at the time qualified , the first occurring three years earlier . The playoffs of 1986 saw three first place teams eliminated in the opening round and the fourth , Edmonton , bowed out in the second . This would be the last time that all six Sutter brothers would participate in the playoffs in the same year . The Montreal Canadiens decided to go with a rookie goaltender by the name of Patrick Roy . This decision proved to be a good one just like when the Canadiens rode rookie goalie Ken Dryden to a Stanley Cup championship in 1971 . In the Final , the Canadiens beat the Calgary Flames , who were also riding a rookie netminder , Mike Vernon . Patrick Roy won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff MVP and had a sparkling 1.92 goals against average along with 15 wins . St. Louis forwards Doug Gilmour and Bernie Federko led the playoffs in scoring with 21 points despite missing the finals ; this feat was not repeated until 1999 . The 1986 playoffs marked the first time that all four former WHA teams made the playoffs in the same year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1996_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1996 . The 16 teams that qualified ( 8 from each conference ) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round . The New Jersey Devils , who had won the Stanley Cup the year before , failed to qualify for these playoffs . This was the first time that both Florida teams - the Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning - made it to the playoffs . The playoffs ended on June 10 with the Colorado Avalanche sweeping the Florida Panthers in both teams ' first-ever Finals appearance . It was Colorado 's first-ever Stanley Cup championship in their inaugural season after relocating from Quebec City prior to the start of the regular season ; in the previous years , they were known as the Quebec Nordiques . Joe Sakic was named playoff MVP and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy . For the second time in three years and the last time until 2013 , all of the Original Six teams reached the playoffs . This is also the last time all three California-based teams missed the playoffs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 12 , 2017 , after the 2016-17 regular season and concluded on June 11 , 2017 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989-90 season , ending the NHL 's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons ; the streak was also tied for the third-longest streak in NHL history . The longest active playoff streak moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins with eleven consecutive appearances . The Edmonton Oilers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , ending a record-tying playoff drought for a team with ten years missed ( the Florida Panthers also missed the playoffs between 2001 and 2011 inclusively ) . For the first time since 2006 , both Alberta teams , the Oilers and the Calgary Flames , qualified for the postseason in the same year . For the first time since 2013 , and the fourth time since 2002 , all three Eastern Canadian teams ( Montreal Canadiens , Ottawa Senators , and Toronto Maple Leafs ) qualified for the playoffs . In all , five Canadian-based teams made the playoffs , matching 2004 and 2015 , after a season in which none of the seven teams in Canada contended . Five Original Six teams made the playoffs , with only the previously mentioned Red Wings failing to make it . The first round saw eighteen overtime games , eclipsing the previous record of seventeen overtime games in the first round set in 2013 . There were 27 total overtime games in these playoffs , one short of the record set in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': '73', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.562', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Flyers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . Part of the 1967 NHL Expansion , the Flyers were the first expansion team in the post-Original Six era to win the Stanley Cup , victorious in 1973-74 and again in 1974-75 . The Flyers ' all-time points percentage of 57.5% ( as of the 2018-19 NHL season [ update ] ) is the third-best in the NHL , behind only the Vegas Golden Knights and Montreal Canadiens . Additionally , the Flyers have the most appearances in the conference finals of all 24 expansion teams ( 16 appearances , winning 8 ) , and they are second behind the St. Louis Blues for the most playoff appearances out of all expansion teams ( 39 out of 51 seasons ) . The Flyers have played their home games on Broad Street since their inception , first at the Spectrum from 1967 until 1996 , and then at the Wells Fargo Center since 1996 . The Flyers have had rivalries with several teams over the years . Historically , their biggest adversaries have been the New York Rangers , with an intense rivalry stretching back to the 1970s . They have also waged lengthy campaigns against the New York Islanders in the 70s and 80s , the Boston Bruins , a bruising battle especially in the 1970s , the Washington Capitals , which has always been intense since their days in the Patrick Division , as well as the New Jersey Devils , with whom they traded the Atlantic Division title every season between 1994-95 and 2006-07 , and finally they enjoy a spirited rivalry with their cross-state and expansion brethren , the Pittsburgh Penguins , which is considered by some to be the best rivalry in the league ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974 , 1979 , 1980 , 1982 , 1983 , 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1995 , 1997 , 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1973-74 NHL season was the 57th season of the National Hockey League . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup championship , the team 's first . The team was the first of the post-1967 teams to win the Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1980_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1980 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1979-80 NHL season . This season saw the addition of four teams from the disbanded World Hockey Association ( WHA ) as expansion franchises , and thus the playoffs were also expanded from 12 to 16 teams . Two for those former WHA clubs , the Edmonton Oilers and the Hartford Whalers , made the playoffs in their first season in the NHL . The playoffs concluded on May 24 when the New York Islanders defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 5-4 to win the Final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup . It was the Islanders ' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1982_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 7 , after the conclusion of the 1981-82 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3-1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1983_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1983 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1982-83 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 17 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Edmonton Oilers 4-0 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup for the fourth consecutive season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1985_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1985 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1984-85 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 30 with the champion Edmonton Oilers defeating the Philadelphia Flyers 8-3 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1986_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1986 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , after the conclusion of the 1985-86 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the Calgary Flames 4-1 to win the series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup . This was the last time to date that all active Canadian teams have qualified in the same season . It is also the second time that all seven active teams at the time qualified , the first occurring three years earlier . The playoffs of 1986 saw three first place teams eliminated in the opening round and the fourth , Edmonton , bowed out in the second . This would be the last time that all six Sutter brothers would participate in the playoffs in the same year . The Montreal Canadiens decided to go with a rookie goaltender by the name of Patrick Roy . This decision proved to be a good one just like when the Canadiens rode rookie goalie Ken Dryden to a Stanley Cup championship in 1971 . In the Final , the Canadiens beat the Calgary Flames , who were also riding a rookie netminder , Mike Vernon . Patrick Roy won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff MVP and had a sparkling 1.92 goals against average along with 15 wins . St. Louis forwards Doug Gilmour and Bernie Federko led the playoffs in scoring with 21 points despite missing the finals ; this feat was not repeated until 1999 . The 1986 playoffs marked the first time that all four former WHA teams made the playoffs in the same year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1987_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1987 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1986-87 NHL season . It concluded on May 31 , with the Edmonton Oilers defeating the Philadelphia Flyers to win the Stanley Cup . In an attempt to reduce the number of first round upsets , the NHL expanded the best-of-five series in the first round to a best-of-seven series . The 1987 playoffs marked the second consecutive year that all four former WHA teams made the playoffs in the same year . It would not happen again until 1999 by which time 3 of those teams had moved , the Quebec Nordiques to Denver , the Winnipeg Jets to Phoenix , and the Hartford Whalers to Raleigh , North Carolina . For the second time ever and first time since 1978 , all of the Original Six teams made the playoffs in the same season . At the time the Philadelphia Flyers set an NHL playoff record by playing in 26 games during the playoffs . This record has since been equaled by four other teams ( 2004 Calgary Flames , 2014 Los Angeles Kings , 2015 Tampa Bay Lightning and 2019 St. Louis Blues ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1995_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24 , 1995 . The 1994-95 NHL regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . In the Final , the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship . This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his career . His team , the Montreal Canadiens , missed the playoffs for the first time since 1970 . The Canadiens and the Ottawa Senators missed the playoffs this year . Montreal and Ottawa would not miss the playoffs in the same year again until 2016 , when all Canadian teams missed the playoffs . The Quebec Nordiques played their last ever playoff series during this time . They would move to Denver , Colorado during the summer . For the first time since 1980 , no league semifinal/conference final games were played in Canada .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1997_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1997 , following the completion of the 1996-97 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals , semi-finals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Playoffs ended on June 7 , with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history , and their first in 42 years . Red Wings goaltender Mike Vernon was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff 's Most Valuable Player . It was also the first time since 1967 that the Boston Bruins failed to qualify for the playoffs , ending their 29-year consecutive playoffs appearances record ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '54', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.455', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Bruins', 'summary': "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1927 , 1928 , 1929 , 1939 , 1940 , 1958 , 1970 , 1972 , 1973 , 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1927_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs were held from March 29 to April 13 , 1927 , to determine the championship of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and the Stanley Cup . In the first Stanley Cup Final with two NHL teams , the Ottawa Senators defeated the Boston Bruins 2-0-2 in a best-of-five series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1928_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1927-28 NHL season was the 11th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The New York Rangers won the Stanley Cup beating the Montreal Maroons , becoming the first United States-based NHL team to win it .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1929_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1928-29 NHL season was the 12th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . This was the first Stanley Cup final that saw two United States-based teams compete for the cup . The Boston Bruins defeated the New York Rangers two games to none in the best-of-three final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1939_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1938-39 NHL season was the 22nd season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Seven teams each played 48 games . The Boston Bruins were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to one in the final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1940_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1939-40 NHL season was the 23rd season for the National Hockey League . Of the league 's seven teams , the Boston Bruins were the best in the 48-game regular season , but the Stanley Cup winners were the New York Rangers , who defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in the best-of-seven final series 4-2 for their third Stanley Cup in 14 seasons of existence . It would be another 54 years before their fourth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1958_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1957-58 NHL season was the 41st season of the National Hockey League . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup for the third consecutive season , defeating the Boston Bruins four games to two in the best-of-seven final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1970_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1969-70 NHL season was the 53rd season of the National Hockey League . For the third straight season , the St. Louis Blues reached the Stanley Cup finals , and for the third straight year , the winners of the expansion West Division were swept four games to none . This time , however , it was at the hands of the Boston Bruins , as the defending champions Montreal Canadiens narrowly missed the playoffs , something that did not happen again for the next quarter century . With both the Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs missing the 1970 Stanley Cup playoffs , it was the first time in league history that neither of the NHL 's two Canadian teams ( at the time ) qualified for the playoffs ( something that has happened only once since , in 2016 , when all of the league 's then seven Canadian teams missed the playoffs ) . It was also the final season that teams wore their colored jerseys at home until the 2003-04 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1972_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1971-72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League . Fourteen teams each played 78 games . The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1973_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1972-73 NHL season was the 56th season of the National Hockey League . Sixteen teams each played 78 games . Two new teams , the New York Islanders and the Atlanta Flames , made their debuts . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup by beating the Chicago Black Hawks four games to two in the Stanley Cup Final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}]}, {'value': '47', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.429', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington Capitals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Capitals', 'summary': "The Washington Capitals ( colloquially known as the Caps ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington , D.C . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment , headed by Ted Leonsis . From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre , in Landover , Maryland ( a suburb in the Washington metropolitan area ) . In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena , their present home arena in Washington , D.C . The Capitals were founded in 1974 as an expansion franchise , alongside the Kansas City Scouts . Since purchasing the team in 1999 , Leonsis revitalized the franchise by drafting star players such as Alexander Ovechkin , Nicklas Backstrom , Mike Green and Braden Holtby . The 2009-10 Capitals won the franchise 's first Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . They won it a second time in 2015-16 , and did so for a third time the following season in 2016-17 . In addition to twelve division titles and three Presidents ' Trophies , the Capitals have reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1998 and 2018 , winning in the latter . The Capitals have retired the use of four numbers in honor of four players . In addition , the team holds an association with a number of individuals inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986 , 1990 , 1991 , 1994 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1986 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , after the conclusion of the 1985-86 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the Calgary Flames 4-1 to win the series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup . This was the last time to date that all active Canadian teams have qualified in the same season . It is also the second time that all seven active teams at the time qualified , the first occurring three years earlier . The playoffs of 1986 saw three first place teams eliminated in the opening round and the fourth , Edmonton , bowed out in the second . This would be the last time that all six Sutter brothers would participate in the playoffs in the same year . The Montreal Canadiens decided to go with a rookie goaltender by the name of Patrick Roy . This decision proved to be a good one just like when the Canadiens rode rookie goalie Ken Dryden to a Stanley Cup championship in 1971 . In the Final , the Canadiens beat the Calgary Flames , who were also riding a rookie netminder , Mike Vernon . Patrick Roy won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff MVP and had a sparkling 1.92 goals against average along with 15 wins . St. Louis forwards Doug Gilmour and Bernie Federko led the playoffs in scoring with 21 points despite missing the finals ; this feat was not repeated until 1999 . The 1986 playoffs marked the first time that all four former WHA teams made the playoffs in the same year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 5 , 1990 , following the 1989-90 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017 . They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016 , excluding 2005 , when the season was cancelled . Since entering the NHL as expansion teams in the 1967-68 NHL season this was the first and only time to date that both the Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins missed the playoffs in the same season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the Edmonton Oilers winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Boston Bruins in the final series four games to one . Edmonton goaltender Bill Ranford was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1991_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 3 , 1991 , following the 1990-91 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017 . Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history , and was the longest active playoff appearance streak in the four major American professional sports . The finals concluded on May 25 with the Pittsburgh Penguins winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Minnesota North Stars in the final series four games to two . Pittsburgh forward Mario Lemieux was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . This was the first NHL playoffs without any series sweeps since the 1972-73 season . In addition , this season set the record for most playoff games played with 92 , which stood until 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1994_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began after the conclusion of the 1993-94 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships ; and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the seventh game of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals . For the first time since joining the NHL , all four former WHA teams ( Edmonton , Hartford , Quebec , and Winnipeg ) failed to make the playoffs . Wayne Gretzky also missed the playoffs for the first time in his career . Conversely , the San Jose Sharks became the first post-1990 expansion team to make the playoffs . All series played between Central and Pacific Division teams had a 2-3-2 format to reduce travel . This remains the last time that two Canadian teams made it to the conference finals in the same year , let alone faced each other in that particular round .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2009_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15 , 2009 , after the 2008-09 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference ( the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining ) , play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals , and championships , and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history . Previously they had been the only franchise to have not made the playoffs . Also , home teams set a record by going 13-2 in the openers of all the series combined . There were no playoff games played in the Province of Ontario as this was the first time that the modern Ottawa Senators and the Toronto Maple Leafs both missed the playoffs in the same year . This was the most recent time that the Carolina Hurricanes were in the playoffs until 2019 . The Finals ended on June 12 , 2009 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Detroit Red Wings four games to three to win the championship . They became just the second team , after the 1971 Montreal Canadiens , to win the championship after losing the first two games of the series on the road .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2011_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2011 , after the conclusion of the 2010-11 NHL regular season . The first game of the Finals was held on June 1 , while the deciding seventh game was held on June 15 . The Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in seven games in the Finals to capture their first Stanley Cup championship since 1972 , their sixth overall Stanley Cup win . Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs . Bruins forward David Krejci led all playoff scorers with 23 points in 25 games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 30 , 2013 , following the conclusion of the 2012-13 NHL regular season . The regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The playoffs ended on June 24 , 2013 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Boston Bruins in six games to win the Stanley Cup . Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe trophy as the playoffs MVP , with 19 points ( 9 goals and 10 assists ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , breaking one of the NHL 's longest playoff droughts . Since the 1967 expansion , only the Colorado Rockies/New Jersey Devils ( 1979-1987 ) , the Florida Panthers ( 2001-2011 ) , and Edmonton Oilers ( 2007-2016 ) have had longer playoff droughts . The New Jersey Devils and Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs this year , marking the first time this happened since the Devils ' move to the East Coast in 1982 . The 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs marked the first time since 1996 that every Original Six team has advanced to the playoffs in the same year . Also , this year marks the first time since 2004 that two Canadian teams have played each other in the playoffs . In all , four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs ( Montreal , Ottawa , Toronto , and Vancouver ) , the most since 2006 . For the second time in three years , all three teams from California made the playoffs . For the first time since 2007 , and for only the third time in history , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 15 , 2015 , and ended on June 15 , 2015 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Tampa Bay Lightning four games to two in the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals . The New York Rangers made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . They also came back from a 3-1 series deficit for the second consecutive year . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive post-season appearance streak to 24 seasons , the longest current streak at the time and tied for the fourth-longest streak in NHL history . The Winnipeg Jets qualified for the playoffs for the first time since the former Atlanta Thrashers franchise relocated to Winnipeg in 2011 ; the only time that the Thrashers/Jets franchise made the post-season was in 2007 , and the last time that the city of Winnipeg hosted a playoff game was in 1996 , the season before the previous Winnipeg Jets team relocated to Phoenix , Arizona , to become the Coyotes . The Ottawa Senators became the first team in the NHL 's modern era ( since 1943-44 ) to overcome a 14-point deficit in the standings to clinch a playoff spot . Also , the Calgary Flames returned to the playoffs after a six-year absence . In total , five Canadian NHL teams qualified for the post-season , the most since 2004 . The Los Angeles Kings became the first defending Stanley Cup champions since the Carolina Hurricanes in 2007 to fail to make the playoffs . The Boston Bruins failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 2007 and became the first reigning Presidents ' Trophy winners to miss the post-season since the Buffalo Sabres in 2008 ( and the third overall ) . In addition , the San Jose Sharks failed to make the post-season for the first time since 2003 , ending the NHL 's second-longest active playoff streak ."}]}, {'value': '55', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.556', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto Maple Leafs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs', 'summary': "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1929 , 1932 , 1933 , 1937 , 1940 , 1942 , 1962 , 1971', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1929_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1928-29 NHL season was the 12th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . This was the first Stanley Cup final that saw two United States-based teams compete for the cup . The Boston Bruins defeated the New York Rangers two games to none in the best-of-three final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1932_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1931-32 NHL season was the 15th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Ottawa Senators and Philadelphia Quakers suspended operations , leaving eight teams to play 48 games each . In the Stanley Cup Finals , the Toronto Maple Leafs swept the New York Rangers in three games to win the franchise 's third Stanley Cup championship ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1933_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1932-33 NHL season was the 16th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nine teams each played 48 games . The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one for the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1937_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1936-37 NHL season was the 20th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Eight teams each played 48 games . The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the New York Rangers three games to two in the final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1940_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1939-40 NHL season was the 23rd season for the National Hockey League . Of the league 's seven teams , the Boston Bruins were the best in the 48-game regular season , but the Stanley Cup winners were the New York Rangers , who defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in the best-of-seven final series 4-2 for their third Stanley Cup in 14 seasons of existence . It would be another 54 years before their fourth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1942_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1941-42 NHL season was the 25th season of the National Hockey League . Seven teams played 48 games each . The Toronto Maple Leafs would win the Stanley Cup defeating the Detroit Red Wings winning four straight after losing the first three in a best-of-seven series , a feat only repeated three times in NHL history ( 1975 , 2010 , 2014 ) and once in Major League Baseball ( 2004 ) as of 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1962_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1961-62 NHL season was the 45th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . The Toronto Maple Leafs were the Stanley Cup champions as they defeated the Chicago Black Hawks four games to two .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1971_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1970-71 NHL season was the 54th season of the National Hockey League . Two new teams , the Buffalo Sabres and Vancouver Canucks made their debuts and were both put into the East Division . The Chicago Black Hawks were moved to the West Division . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup by beating the Black Hawks in seven games in the finals .'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.625', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Islanders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Islanders', 'summary': "The New York Islanders are a professional ice hockey team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team splits its home games between Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale , New York , and Barclays Center in the borough of Brooklyn . The Islanders are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area , along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Rangers , and their fan base resides primarily on Long Island . The team was founded in 1972 as part of the NHL 's maneuvers to keep a team from rival league World Hockey Association ( WHA ) out of the newly built Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in suburban Uniondale , New York . After two years of building up the team 's roster , they found almost instant success by securing fourteen straight playoff berths starting with their third season . The Islanders won four consecutive Stanley Cup championships between 1980 and 1983 , the seventh of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL in its history . Their 19 consecutive playoff series wins between 1980 and 1984 is a feat that remains unparalleled in the history of professional sports . They are the last team in any major professional North American sport to win four consecutive championships . Following the team 's dynasty era , the franchise ran into problems with money , ownership and management , an aging arena , and low attendance . Their woes were reflected on the ice , as the team has not won a division title since 1987-88 , and went 22 seasons without winning a playoff series prior to the 2016 playoffs . After years of failed attempts to rebuild or replace Nassau Coliseum in suburban Long Island , the Islanders relocated to Barclays Center following the 2014-15 season ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975 , 1979 , 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1984 , 1990 , 1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1974-75 NHL season was the 58th season of the National Hockey League . Two new teams , the Washington Capitals and Kansas City Scouts were added , increasing the number of teams to 18 . To accommodate the new teams , the NHL re-organized its divisional structure and playoff format . The regular season was expanded to 80 games per team ( which would be the case until 1992-93 ) . The Philadelphia Flyers won the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1981_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1980-81 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Minnesota North Stars 5-1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1982_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 7 , after the conclusion of the 1981-82 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3-1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1983_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1983 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1982-83 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 17 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Edmonton Oilers 4-0 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup for the fourth consecutive season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1984_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1984 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 4 , after the conclusion of the 1983-84 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 19 with the Edmonton Oilers defeating the four time defending champion New York Islanders 5-2 to win the Stanley Cup Finals four games to one , the franchise 's first Stanley Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 5 , 1990 , following the 1989-90 regular season . The sixteen teams that qualified , from the top four teams of the four divisions , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals . The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017 . They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016 , excluding 2005 , when the season was cancelled . Since entering the NHL as expansion teams in the 1967-68 NHL season this was the first and only time to date that both the Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins missed the playoffs in the same season . The playoffs concluded on May 24 with the Edmonton Oilers winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Boston Bruins in the final series four games to one . Edmonton goaltender Bill Ranford was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1994_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began after the conclusion of the 1993-94 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships ; and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the seventh game of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals . For the first time since joining the NHL , all four former WHA teams ( Edmonton , Hartford , Quebec , and Winnipeg ) failed to make the playoffs . Wayne Gretzky also missed the playoffs for the first time in his career . Conversely , the San Jose Sharks became the first post-1990 expansion team to make the playoffs . All series played between Central and Pacific Division teams had a 2-3-2 format to reduce travel . This remains the last time that two Canadian teams made it to the conference finals in the same year , let alone faced each other in that particular round .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.375', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Penguins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Penguins ( colloquially known as the Pens ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Penguins are one of two NHL franchises in Pennsylvania , the other being the Philadelphia Flyers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Pennsylvania . The club is owned by Mario Lemieux and Ronald Burkle , who purchased the Penguins in 1999 and brought the club out of bankruptcy . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league 's expansion from six to twelve teams . The Penguins played in the Civic Arena , also known as The Igloo , from the time of their inception through the end of the 2009-10 season , when they moved to the Consol Energy Center , which was later renamed PPG Paints Arena . The 1992-93 Penguins won the franchise 's first-ever Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . In addition to their eight division titles , they have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals , winning the Stanley Cup five times - in 1991 , 1992 , 2009 , 2016 , and 2017 . Along with the Edmonton Oilers , the Penguins are tied for the most Stanley Cup championships among non-Original Six teams and sixth overall . With their Stanley Cup wins in 2016 and 2017 , the Penguins became the first back-to-back champions in 19 years ( since the 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings ) and the first team to do so since the introduction of the NHL salary cap . They also became the fifth team to accomplish this feat multiple times ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989 , 1992 , 1996 , 2008 , 2014 , 2015 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 5 , after the conclusion of the 1988-89 NHL season . This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days . The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4-2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two . It remains the last time that the Cup Finals was contested between two Canadian hockey teams . Montreal finished the regular season with 115 points , only two behind the league leader Calgary . They had last faced each other in 1986 , with Montreal winning in five games . Calgary was only the second opposing team in NHL history to win a Stanley Cup at the Montreal Forum ( the New York Rangers defeated the Montreal Maroons in 1928 ) and the first and only to do so against the Canadiens . Flames defenceman Al MacInnis won the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP , while Lanny McDonald , who ended the regular season with exactly 500 goals , got his name on the Cup in his last ever NHL game . Flames co-owner Sonia Scurfield became the first Canadian woman to have her name inscribed on the Stanley Cup . Wayne Gretzky and the Los Angeles Kings met the defending champion Oilers in the first round . Gretzky and the Kings defeated the defending Stanley Cup champions after falling behind 3 games to 1 . In the second round the Kings were swept by the eventual champion Calgary Flames in four games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1996_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1996 . The 16 teams that qualified ( 8 from each conference ) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round . The New Jersey Devils , who had won the Stanley Cup the year before , failed to qualify for these playoffs . This was the first time that both Florida teams - the Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning - made it to the playoffs . The playoffs ended on June 10 with the Colorado Avalanche sweeping the Florida Panthers in both teams ' first-ever Finals appearance . It was Colorado 's first-ever Stanley Cup championship in their inaugural season after relocating from Quebec City prior to the start of the regular season ; in the previous years , they were known as the Quebec Nordiques . Joe Sakic was named playoff MVP and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy . For the second time in three years and the last time until 2013 , all of the Original Six teams reached the playoffs . This is also the last time all three California-based teams missed the playoffs ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , 2008 , after the 2007-08 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in the prior season . This would not happen again until 2015 . The Finals ended on June 4 , 2008 with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two to win their eleventh championship and their fourth in eleven seasons . It was the first championship in the 16-year career of Red Wings winger Dallas Drake , who retired following the season . Red Wings winger Henrik Zetterberg was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' Most Valuable Player . Sidney Crosby and Zetterberg led the tournament with 27 points ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 15 , 2015 , and ended on June 15 , 2015 , with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Tampa Bay Lightning four games to two in the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals . The New York Rangers made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . They also came back from a 3-1 series deficit for the second consecutive year . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive post-season appearance streak to 24 seasons , the longest current streak at the time and tied for the fourth-longest streak in NHL history . The Winnipeg Jets qualified for the playoffs for the first time since the former Atlanta Thrashers franchise relocated to Winnipeg in 2011 ; the only time that the Thrashers/Jets franchise made the post-season was in 2007 , and the last time that the city of Winnipeg hosted a playoff game was in 1996 , the season before the previous Winnipeg Jets team relocated to Phoenix , Arizona , to become the Coyotes . The Ottawa Senators became the first team in the NHL 's modern era ( since 1943-44 ) to overcome a 14-point deficit in the standings to clinch a playoff spot . Also , the Calgary Flames returned to the playoffs after a six-year absence . In total , five Canadian NHL teams qualified for the post-season , the most since 2004 . The Los Angeles Kings became the first defending Stanley Cup champions since the Carolina Hurricanes in 2007 to fail to make the playoffs . The Boston Bruins failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 2007 and became the first reigning Presidents ' Trophy winners to miss the post-season since the Buffalo Sabres in 2008 ( and the third overall ) . In addition , the San Jose Sharks failed to make the post-season for the first time since 2003 , ending the NHL 's second-longest active playoff streak ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 13 , 2016 and ended on June 12 , 2016 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals . For only the second time in league history ( 1970 being the only other time ) , none of the NHL 's Canadian-based teams , seven in total , qualified for the postseason . In addition , for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979 , all four former WHA teams ( the Edmonton Oilers , Arizona Coyotes , Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche ) missed the playoffs . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . This was the final season of the Detroit Red Wings ' 25-season playoff appearance streak , the longest streak at the time and tied for third longest in NHL history . The Florida Panthers qualified for the playoffs for only the second time since the 1999-2000 season - both times winning their division - and fifth time in franchise history . For the fourth time in six years , all three California-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . And , for only the second time ever ( 1996 being the only other time ) , both Florida-based teams made the playoffs in the same season . For the first time since 2006 , and only the third time in league history , all Original Six teams who made the playoffs ( three in total ) were eliminated in the first round . The New York Islanders won their first post-season series since the 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs , ending the third longest post-season win drought in NHL history . For the seventh consecutive season and eleventh out of thirteen seasons , a team from California was in the Western Conference Final ."}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.286', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_Devils', 'summary': "The New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark , New Jersey . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The club was founded as the Kansas City Scouts in Kansas City , Missouri , in 1974 . The Scouts moved to Denver , Colorado in 1976 and became the Colorado Rockies . In 1982 , they moved to East Rutherford , New Jersey and took their current name . For their first 25 seasons in New Jersey , the Devils were based at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford and played their home games at Brendan Byrne Arena ( later renamed to Continental Airlines Arena ) . Before the 2007-08 season , the Devils moved to Prudential Center in Newark . The franchise was poor to mediocre in the eight years before moving to New Jersey , a pattern that continued during the first five years in New Jersey as they failed to make the Stanley Cup playoffs and never finished higher than fifth in their division . Their fortunes began to turn around following the hiring of president and general manager Lou Lamoriello in 1987 . Under Lamoriello 's stewardship , the Devils made the playoffs all but three times between 1988 and 2012 , including 13 berths in a row from 1997 to 2010 , and finished with a winning record every season from 1992-93 to 2009-10 . They have won the Atlantic Division regular season title nine times , most recently in 2009-10 , before transferring to the newly created Metropolitan Division as part of the NHL 's realignment in 2013 . The Devils have reached the Stanley Cup Finals five times , winning in 1994-95 , 1999-2000 and 2002-03 , and losing in 2000-01 and 2011-12 ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 , 1994 , 1997 , 2006 , 2008 , 2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 18 , after the conclusion of the 1991-92 NHL season . It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup , and it was won by the Pittsburgh Penguins , defeating the Chicago Blackhawks . The 1992 playoffs saw history being made , as for the first time ever , all four division winners were eliminated in the same round . In the division finals , the Norris Division champion Detroit Red Wings were swept by the Chicago Blackhawks in four straight games , and the Montreal Canadiens , who had won the Adams Division , suffered the same fate at the hands of the Boston Bruins . The Pittsburgh Penguins eliminated the Patrick Division titlists , the New York Rangers , in six games , while the Vancouver Canucks , the Smythe Division toppers , fell to the Edmonton Oilers , also in six games . A record 54 games were played in the first round , with six of the eight series going the full seven games , in addition three series featured teams coming back from 3-1 series deficits , the most in a single playoff year ; this record was equaled in 2003 . The only two series that did n't go seven games were the Oilers ' six-game win over the Kings , and the Blackhawks ' six-game win over the Blues . This was the last year the Hartford Whalers and Minnesota North Stars qualified for the playoffs . The franchises would not reach the post-season again until 1999 and 1994 respectively . By the time each franchise reached the playoffs again , they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes and the Dallas Stars , respectively . Video replay was used to decide a playoff game for the first time in game six of the Detroit-Minnesota division semifinal . Sergei Fedorov of the Red Wings appeared to hit the crossbar behind Minnesota goalie Jon Casey during the first overtime , but after the North Stars iced the puck immediately afterward , referee Rob Shick called for a video review , which determined that the puck had entered the goal just below the crossbar and caromed off the frame at the back of the net ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1994_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began after the conclusion of the 1993-94 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships ; and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The playoffs ended when the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the seventh game of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals . For the first time since joining the NHL , all four former WHA teams ( Edmonton , Hartford , Quebec , and Winnipeg ) failed to make the playoffs . Wayne Gretzky also missed the playoffs for the first time in his career . Conversely , the San Jose Sharks became the first post-1990 expansion team to make the playoffs . All series played between Central and Pacific Division teams had a 2-3-2 format to reduce travel . This remains the last time that two Canadian teams made it to the conference finals in the same year , let alone faced each other in that particular round .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1997_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1997 , following the completion of the 1996-97 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals , semi-finals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Playoffs ended on June 7 , with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history , and their first in 42 years . Red Wings goaltender Mike Vernon was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff 's Most Valuable Player . It was also the first time since 1967 that the Boston Bruins failed to qualify for the playoffs , ending their 29-year consecutive playoffs appearances record ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2006_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League ( NHL ) championship began on April 21 , 2006 , following the 2005-06 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , seeded one through eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the Conference Quarterfinals . The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Finals concluded on June 19 with the Carolina Hurricanes winning the Stanley Cup , defeating the Edmonton Oilers in the final series four games to three . Carolina goaltender Cam Ward was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs . The Edmonton Oilers would miss the playoffs each year thereafter until 2017 . This was also the last time that the Pittsburgh Penguins missed the playoffs . While the 2005-06 season introduced a shootout to break ties after five minutes of four-on-four overtime , the Stanley Cup playoffs retained their traditional format of unlimited 20-minute periods of five-on-five sudden-death overtime to break ties . The Western Conference made history in the first round when all four series were won by the lower-seeded teams ( conversely , all four series in the Eastern Conference were won by the higher-seeded teams ) . The eighth- and lowest-seeded Oilers proceeded to win the Western Conference and participate in the Stanley Cup Finals . Four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs this year , this total was not equaled again until 2013 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 9 , 2008 , after the 2007-08 regular season . The 16 teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents ' Trophy in the prior season . This would not happen again until 2015 . The Finals ended on June 4 , 2008 with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games to two to win their eleventh championship and their fourth in eleven seasons . It was the first championship in the 16-year career of Red Wings winger Dallas Drake , who retired following the season . Red Wings winger Henrik Zetterberg was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs ' Most Valuable Player . Sidney Crosby and Zetterberg led the tournament with 27 points ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.667', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montreal Maroons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal_Maroons', 'summary': "The Montreal Maroons ( officially the Montreal Professional Hockey Club ) were a professional men 's ice hockey team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . They played in the NHL from 1924 to 1938 , winning the Stanley Cup in 1926 and 1935 . They were the last non-Original Six team to win the Stanley Cup until the expansion Philadelphia Flyers won in 1974 . Founded as a team for the English community in Montreal , they shared their home city with the Canadiens , who eventually came under the same ownership as the Maroons but were intended to appeal to the French Canadian population . This was the first time since 1918 , when the Montreal Wanderers folded , that Montreal would have a second hockey team . In order to accommodate the Maroons , a new arena was built for them in 1924 , the Montreal Forum . The Maroons were a highly competitive team , winning the Stanley Cup twice and finishing first in their division twice more . Some of the best players of the era played for the Maroons ; eleven players would be elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame , while five of the six head coaches of the Maroons were also honoured . Financial difficulties resulting from the Great Depression led to the Maroons suspending play after 1938 . Despite efforts to revive the team , the franchise was cancelled in 1947 , leaving the Canadiens as the sole team in Montreal . Since the Maroons ' demise , no NHL team that has won a Stanley Cup at any point in its history has subsequently folded or relocated ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1928 , 1931 , 1934 , 1935 , 1937', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1928_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1927-28 NHL season was the 11th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The New York Rangers won the Stanley Cup beating the Montreal Maroons , becoming the first United States-based NHL team to win it .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1931_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1930-31 NHL season was the 14th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The Montreal Canadiens beat the Chicago Black Hawks three games to two in a best-of-five Stanley Cup final for their second consecutive Cup win .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1934_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1933-34 NHL season was the 17th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nine teams each played 48 games . The Chicago Black Hawks were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Detroit Red Wings three games to one .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1935_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1934-35 NHL season was the 18th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nine teams each played 48 games . The Montreal Maroons were the Stanley Cup winners as they swept the Toronto Maple Leafs in three games in the final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1937_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1936-37 NHL season was the 20th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Eight teams each played 48 games . The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the New York Rangers three games to two in the final series .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chicago Blackhawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks', 'summary': "The Chicago Blackhawks ( spelled Black Hawks until 1986 , and known colloquially as the Hawks ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926 . The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , Toronto Maple Leafs , Boston Bruins and New York Rangers . Since 1994 , the club 's home rink is the United Center , which they share with the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Bulls . The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium . The club 's original owner was Frederic McLaughlin , who owned the club until his death in 1944 . Under McLaughlin , a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership , the club won two Stanley Cup titles . The club was then owned by the Norris family , who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the club 's landlord , and owned stakes in several of the NHL teams . At first , the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin , and the team languished in favor of the Norris-owned Detroit Red Wings . After the senior James E. Norris died in 1952 , the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner . Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership , the club won one Stanley Cup title in 1961 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1931 , 1968 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1931_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1930-31 NHL season was the 14th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The Montreal Canadiens beat the Chicago Black Hawks three games to two in a best-of-five Stanley Cup final for their second consecutive Cup win .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1968_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1968 Stanley Cup playoffs , to decide the 1968 championship of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) was the first after the expansion from six to twelve teams . The playoff system was thus expanded from a four-team to an eight-team tournament , and was designed so that four of the new expansion teams would qualify for the postseason . The defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs did not qualify and a new champion would be crowned . The Montreal Canadiens would defeat the St. Louis Blues in four straight to win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1971_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1970-71 NHL season was the 54th season of the National Hockey League . Two new teams , the Buffalo Sabres and Vancouver Canucks made their debuts and were both put into the East Division . The Chicago Black Hawks were moved to the West Division . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup by beating the Black Hawks in seven games in the finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1972_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1971-72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League . Fourteen teams each played 78 games . The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1973_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1972-73 NHL season was the 56th season of the National Hockey League . Sixteen teams each played 78 games . Two new teams , the New York Islanders and the Atlanta Flames , made their debuts . The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup by beating the Chicago Black Hawks four games to two in the Stanley Cup Final .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Red Wings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings', 'summary': 'The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference , and are one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1926 , the team was known as the Detroit Cougars until 1930 . For the 1930-31 and 1931-32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons , and in 1932 changed their name to the Red Wings . As of 2020 [ update ] , the Red Wings have won the most Stanley Cup championships of any NHL franchise based in the United States ( 11 ) and are third overall in total Stanley Cup championships , behind the Montreal Canadiens ( 24 ) and Toronto Maple Leafs ( 13 ) . The Wings played their home games at Joe Louis Arena from 1979 until 2017 , after playing for 52 years in Olympia Stadium . They moved into the new Little Caesars Arena beginning with the 2017-18 season . The Red Wings are one of the most popular and successful franchises in the NHL ; fans and sports commentators refer to the Detroit area as Hockeytown , which has been a registered trademark owned by the franchise since 1996 . Between the 1931-32 and 1965-66 seasons , the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times . Between the 1966-67 and 1982-83 seasons , the Red Wings made the playoffs only two times . However , thereafter , from 1983-84 to 2015-16 , they made the playoffs 30 times in 32 seasons , including 25-straight from 1990-91 to 2015-16 ( not counting the cancelled 2004-05 season ) , in 2006 this became the longest active streak of postseason appearances in all of North American professional sports and finished tied for the third longest streak in NHL history . Since 1983-84 , the Red Wings have tallied six regular season first-place finishes and have won the Stanley Cup four times ( 1997 , 1998 , 2002 , and 2008 ) .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1933 , 1937 , 1941 , 1948 , 1950', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1933_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1932-33 NHL season was the 16th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Nine teams each played 48 games . The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one for the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1937_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1936-37 NHL season was the 20th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Eight teams each played 48 games . The Detroit Red Wings were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the New York Rangers three games to two in the final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1941_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1940-41 NHL season was the 24th season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Seven teams each played 48 games . The Boston Bruins were the Stanley Cup winners as they swept the Detroit Red Wings four games to none in the final series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1948_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1948 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began with four teams on March 4 , 1948 . It concluded on April 14 , with the Toronto Maple Leafs defeating the Detroit Red Wings to win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1950_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1949-50 NHL season was the 33rd season of the National Hockey League . The Detroit Red Wings defeated the New York Rangers in seven games for the Stanley Cup . It was the Red Wings ' fourth championship ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Kings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded on June 5 , 1967 , after Jack Kent Cooke was awarded an NHL expansion franchise for Los Angeles on February 9 , 1966 , becoming one of the six teams that began play as part of the 1967 NHL expansion . The Kings played their home games at The Forum in Inglewood , California , a suburb of Los Angeles , for thirty-two years , until they moved to the Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles at the start of the 1999-2000 season . During the 1970s and early 1980s , the Kings had many years marked by impressive play in the regular season only to be washed out by early playoff exits . Their highlights in those years included the strong goaltending of Rogie Vachon , and the Triple Crown Line of Charlie Simmer , Dave Taylor and Hall of Fame player Marcel Dionne , who had a famous upset of the uprising Edmonton Oilers in a 1982 playoff game known as the Miracle on Manchester . In 1988 , the Kings traded with the Oilers to get their captain Wayne Gretzky , leading to a successful phase of the franchise that raised hockey 's popularity in Los Angeles , and helped raise the sport 's profile in the American Sun Belt region . Gretzky , fellow Hall of Famer Luc Robitaille and defenseman Rob Blake led the Kings to the franchise 's sole division title in 1990-91 , and the Kings ' first Stanley Cup Final appearance in 1993 . After the 1993 Finals , the Kings entered financial problems , with a bankruptcy in 1995 , which led to the franchise being acquired by Philip Anschutz ( owner of Anschutz Entertainment Group , operators of Staples Center ) and Edward P. Roski . A period of mediocrity ensued , with the Kings only resurging as they broke a six-year playoff drought in the 2009-10 season , with a team that included goaltender Jonathan Quick , defenseman Drew Doughty , and forwards Dustin Brown , Anze Kopitar and Justin Williams . Under coach Darryl Sutter , who was hired early in the 2011-12 season , the Kings won two Stanley Cups in three years : 2012 , over the New Jersey Devils , and 2014 , against the New York Rangers while Quick and Williams respectively won the Conn Smythe Trophy ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979 , 1981 , 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League , ( NHL ) began on April 10 , after the conclusion of the 1978-79 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 , with the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4-1 to win the Final series four games to one for the Stanley Cup . Three Original Six teams made the semifinals , which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1981_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1980-81 NHL season . The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Minnesota North Stars 5-1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 16 , 2014 and ended June 13 , 2014 when the Los Angeles Kings defeated the New York Rangers four games to one in the Stanley Cup Final . For the first time since 1973 , only one Canadian team qualified for the playoffs : the Montreal Canadiens . This was also the first time since the 1978 Stanley Cup playoffs that no playoff games were played in Western Canada . The Detroit Red Wings increased their consecutive playoff appearance streak to 23 seasons , the longest streak at the time and the fifth longest streak in NHL history . The Dallas Stars ended the league 's third longest active playoff appearance drought , qualifying for the postseason for the first time in six years . For the third time in four years , all three California-based teams again made the playoffs . The Columbus Blue Jackets won their first franchise playoff game on April 19 , 2014 , and their first ever franchise playoff home game at Nationwide Arena on April 23 , 2014 , both against the Pittsburgh Penguins . Three Original Six teams reached the Conference Finals , the first time this has occurred since 1979 . The 2013-14 playoffs opening round featured leads changing hands more so than any other year . After the Anaheim Ducks rallied from a 4-2 deficit to defeat the Dallas Stars in game six of their opening round series on April 27 , 2014 , an NHL record was broken for most multi-goal comebacks by all teams in the opening round , with ten . In all four rounds combined in the previous year 's playoffs , there were only eight such victories . It also marked just the fourth time in NHL playoff history that a team who led a series 3-0 in a seven-game series failed to advance , when the San Jose Sharks lost to the Los Angeles Kings in game seven of the opening round on April 30 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.667', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York Americans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Americans', 'summary': "The New York Americans , colloquially known as the Amerks , were a professional ice hockey team based in New York City , New York from 1925 to 1942 . They were the third expansion team in the history of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and the second to play in the United States . The team never won the Stanley Cup , but reached the semifinals twice . While it was the first team in New York City , it was eclipsed by the second , the New York Rangers , which arrived in 1926 under the ownership of the Amerks ' landlord , Madison Square Garden . The team operated as the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941-42 season before suspending operations in 1942 due to World War II and long-standing financial difficulties . The demise of the club marked the beginning of the NHL 's Original Six era from 1942 to 1967 , though the Amerks ' franchise was not formally canceled until 1946 . The team 's overall regular season record was 255-402-127 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1929 , 1938', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1929_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1928-29 NHL season was the 12th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . This was the first Stanley Cup final that saw two United States-based teams compete for the cup . The Boston Bruins defeated the New York Rangers two games to none in the best-of-three final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1938_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1937-38 NHL season was the 21st season of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Eight teams each played 48 games . The Chicago Black Hawks were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one in the final series .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottawa Senators', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Senators', 'summary': "The Ottawa Senators ( French : Sénateurs d'Ottawa ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The Senators play their home games at the 18,652-seat Canadian Tire Centre , which opened in 1996 as the Palladium . Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone , the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name . The original Ottawa Senators , founded in 1883 , had a famed history , winning 11 Stanley Cups , playing in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . On December 6 , 1990 , after a two-year public campaign by Firestone , the NHL awarded a new franchise , which began play in the 1992-93 season . The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk , and in 2019 , the franchise was valued by Forbes magazine at $ 445 million . The Senators have won four division titles and , in 2003 , the Presidents ' Trophy ; and have once appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 11 , 2012 , after the conclusion of the 2011-12 NHL regular season . These playoffs marked only the second time since the 1996 playoffs in which no Canadian teams advanced past the first round . These playoffs featured the return of the Florida Panthers to the postseason for the first time since the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs , one of the longest playoff droughts in league history . The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals started on May 30 and ended on June 11 , with the Los Angeles Kings defeating the New Jersey Devils in six games to win their first Stanley Cup title . Kings goaltender Jonathan Quick , having recorded a 1.41 goals against average , was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as playoff MVP . After clinching a postseason spot in their 81st game of the regular season , the Kings became the first eighth-seeded team to win the Stanley Cup in NHL history ( and the second eighth seed to reach the Cup Finals after the 2005-06 Edmonton Oilers ) , also being the second team to eliminate the first , second , and third seeds from the playoffs in the same postseason after the 2003-04 Calgary Flames ( and the first team to do so in that order ) . In addition , the Kings became the first team to make the Final undefeated on the road ( with their 8-0 record ) . As the sixth seed in their conference , the Devils were the lowest-seeded team to have home-ice advantage in the Stanley Cup Finals , breaking a record they set when they won the Cup as a fourth seed in 2000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 12 , 2017 , after the 2016-17 regular season and concluded on June 11 , 2017 , with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the Nashville Predators four games to two in the Finals to win the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive year . The Washington Capitals made the playoffs as the Presidents ' Trophy winners for the second consecutive year with the most points ( i.e . best record ) during the regular season . The Detroit Red Wings failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 1989-90 season , ending the NHL 's longest active playoff streak at 25 consecutive seasons ; the streak was also tied for the third-longest streak in NHL history . The longest active playoff streak moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins with eleven consecutive appearances . The Edmonton Oilers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , ending a record-tying playoff drought for a team with ten years missed ( the Florida Panthers also missed the playoffs between 2001 and 2011 inclusively ) . For the first time since 2006 , both Alberta teams , the Oilers and the Calgary Flames , qualified for the postseason in the same year . For the first time since 2013 , and the fourth time since 2002 , all three Eastern Canadian teams ( Montreal Canadiens , Ottawa Senators , and Toronto Maple Leafs ) qualified for the playoffs . In all , five Canadian-based teams made the playoffs , matching 2004 and 2015 , after a season in which none of the seven teams in Canada contended . Five Original Six teams made the playoffs , with only the previously mentioned Red Wings failing to make it . The first round saw eighteen overtime games , eclipsing the previous record of seventeen overtime games in the first round set in 2013 . There were 27 total overtime games in these playoffs , one short of the record set in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo Sabres', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres', 'summary': 'The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo , New York . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team was established in 1970 , along with the Vancouver Canucks , when the league expanded to 14 teams . They have played at KeyBank Center since 1996 . Prior to that , the Buffalo Sabres played at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium from the start of the franchise in 1970 . The Sabres are owned by Terry Pegula , who purchased the club in 2011 from Tom Golisano . The Sabres have the longest active playoff drought in the NHL , at 8 seasons . The team has twice advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals , losing to the Philadelphia Flyers in 1975 and to the Dallas Stars in 1999 . The best known line in team history is The French Connection , which consisted of Gilbert Perreault , Rick Martin and Rene Robert . All three players have had their sweater numbers ( 11 , 7 and 14 , respectively ) retired and a statue erected in their honor at KeyBank Center in 2012 . The Sabres , along with the Canucks , share the record for being the longest continuously running active NHL franchise to have never won the Stanley Cup .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978 , 2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1978_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1977-78 NHL season was the 61st season of the National Hockey League . The Montreal Canadiens won their third Stanley Cup in a row , defeating the Boston Bruins four games to two in the Stanley Cup Finals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2007_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 11 , 2007 . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The series ended on June 6 with the Anaheim Ducks defeating the Ottawa Senators in five games to win their first ever championship . For the first time in NHL history , neither of the two teams that played in the previous year 's Stanley Cup Finals ( the Carolina Hurricanes and the Edmonton Oilers ) qualified for the playoffs . For the first time since 1994 , all four former WHA teams ; Carolina ( formerly the Hartford Whalers ) , Colorado ( formerly the Quebec Nordiques ) , Edmonton , and Phoenix ( formerly the Winnipeg Jets ) missed the playoffs in the same year , this would not happen again until 2013 . Also for the first time since 1994 , the Philadelphia Flyers missed the playoffs . This was the only time that the Atlanta Thrashers qualified for the playoffs in their twelve years in Georgia ( they became the new Winnipeg Jets in 2011 ) . Only two Original Six teams made the playoffs this year , the New York Rangers and the Detroit Red Wings ( this included the Montreal Canadiens ' and the Toronto Maple Leafs ' first absence from the tournament together since 1970 ) . This only happened twice before in 2000 and 2001 , and would not happen again until 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calgary Flames', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calgary_Flames', 'summary': "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1980 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) began on April 8 , after the conclusion of the 1979-80 NHL season . This season saw the addition of four teams from the disbanded World Hockey Association ( WHA ) as expansion franchises , and thus the playoffs were also expanded from 12 to 16 teams . Two for those former WHA clubs , the Edmonton Oilers and the Hartford Whalers , made the playoffs in their first season in the NHL . The playoffs concluded on May 24 when the New York Islanders defeated the Philadelphia Flyers 5-4 to win the Final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup . It was the Islanders ' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado Avalanche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche', 'summary': "The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Avalanche are the only team in their division not based in the Central Time Zone ; the team is situated in the Mountain Time Zone . Their home arena is Pepsi Center , which they share with the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association . Their general manager is Joe Sakic . The Avalanche were founded in 1972 as the Quebec Nordiques and were one of the charter franchises of the World Hockey Association . The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as a result of the NHL-WHA merger . Following the 1994-95 season , they were sold to the COMSAT Entertainment Group and relocated to Denver . In the club 's first season in Denver , the Avalanche won the Pacific Division and went on to sweep the Florida Panthers in the 1996 Stanley Cup Finals , becoming the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in the season following a relocation . Among teams in the major North American professional sports leagues , only the National Football League ( NFL ) 's Washington Redskins have also accomplished the feat . This was the first major professional sports championship a Denver-based team brought to the city . In the 2001 Stanley Cup Finals , the Avalanche defeated the New Jersey Devils 4-3 to win their second and most recent championship ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24 , 1995 . The 1994-95 NHL regular season was shortened to 48 games , and the playoffs pushed to a later date , due to a lockout . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals , semifinals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . In the Final , the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship . This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his career . His team , the Montreal Canadiens , missed the playoffs for the first time since 1970 . The Canadiens and the Ottawa Senators missed the playoffs this year . Montreal and Ottawa would not miss the playoffs in the same year again until 2016 , when all Canadian teams missed the playoffs . The Quebec Nordiques played their last ever playoff series during this time . They would move to Denver , Colorado during the summer . For the first time since 1980 , no league semifinal/conference final games were played in Canada .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florida Panthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Panthers', 'summary': "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena , before moving to the BB & T Center in 1998 . Located in Sunrise , Florida , the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL . The team 's local broadcasting rights have been held by Fox Sports Florida ( formerly SportsChannel Florida ) since 1996 . The Panthers began playing in the 1993-94 NHL season . The team has made one appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals , in 1996 , the only season in which the Panthers have ever won a playoff series , eventually losing the Finals to the Colorado Avalanche . Since then , the Panthers have only qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs four times , never advancing past the first round , since 1996 . The club is affiliated with one minor league team , the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': "The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs , the playoff tournament of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , began on April 16 , 1997 , following the completion of the 1996-97 NHL season . The sixteen teams that qualified , eight from each conference , played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals , semi-finals and championships , and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup . The Playoffs ended on June 7 , with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history , and their first in 42 years . Red Wings goaltender Mike Vernon was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoff 's Most Valuable Player . It was also the first time since 1967 that the Boston Bruins failed to qualify for the playoffs , ending their 29-year consecutive playoffs appearances record ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottawa Senators ( original )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Senators_(original)', 'summary': "The Ottawa Senators were an ice hockey team based in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954 . The club was the first hockey club in Ontario , a founding member of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . The club , which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club ( Ottawa HC ) , was known by several nicknames , including the Generals in the 1890s , the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907 and the Senators dating from 1908 . Generally acknowledged by hockey historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport , the club won numerous championships , starting with the 1891 to 1893 Ontario championships . Ottawa HC played in the first season during which the Stanley Cup was challenged in 1893 , and first won the Cup in 1903 , holding the championship until 1906 ( the Silver Seven years ) . The club repeated its success in the 1920s , winning the Stanley Cup in 1920 , 1921 , 1923 and 1927 ( the Super Six years ) . In total , the club won the Stanley Cup eleven times , including challenges during two years it did not win the Cup for the season . In 1950 , Canadian sports editors selected the Ottawa HC/Senators as Canada 's greatest team in the first half of the 20th century . The club was one of the first organized clubs in the early days of the sport of ice hockey , playing in the Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournaments in the early 1880s and founding the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada and the Ontario Hockey Association . Along with the rise of professionalism in ice hockey in the first decade of the 1900s , the club changed to a professional team and were founding members of the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) and its successor , the National Hockey League . The club competed in the NHL until the 1933-34 season . Due to financial difficulties , the NHL franchise relocated to St. Louis , Missouri to become the St. Louis Eagles ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1930', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1930_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1929-30 NHL season was the 13th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The Montreal Canadiens upset the heavily favoured Boston Bruins two games to none for the Stanley Cup .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Pirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates_(NHL)', 'summary': 'The Pittsburgh Pirates were an American professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , based in Pittsburgh from 1925-26 to 1929-30 . The nickname comes from the baseball team also based in the city . For the 1930-31 season , the team moved to Philadelphia , and played one season as the Philadelphia Quakers .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1928', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1928_Stanley_Cup_playoffs', 'summary': 'The 1927-28 NHL season was the 11th season of the National Hockey League . Ten teams played 44 games each . The New York Rangers won the Stanley Cup beating the Montreal Maroons , becoming the first United States-based NHL team to win it .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'New York Rangers', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_NHL_playoff_series_19', 'intro': 'This is a complete listing of National Hockey League (NHL) playoff series, grouped by franchise. Series featuring relocated teams[nb 1] are kept with their ultimate relocation franchises. Bolded years indicate wins. Years in italics indicate series in progress. Tables are sorted first by the number of series, then the number of wins, and then alphabetically.'}
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What is the number of seasons in which the opponent was founded in 1917 ?
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8
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ff5cf0552ae71e9c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_Ice_Hockey_Tournament_Most_Outstanding_Player', 'title': 'List of NCAA Division I Ice Hockey Tournament Most Outstanding Player', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Position', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1972_NCAA_University_Division_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1972 NCAA Men 's University Division Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1971-72 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season , the 25th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 16 and 18 , 1972 , and concluded with Boston University defeating Cornell 4-0 . All games were played at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': 'Tim Regan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Regan_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "Timothy Regan ( born December 28 , 1949 ) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) , as well as with the Boston University Terriers ( BU ) and the United States National Team . Playing for BU , Regan won two National Championships and set single season records for both goals against average ( GAA ) and save percentage . As a member of Team USA he was awarded a silver medal in the 1972 Winter Olympics . He received the medal despite leaving the team prior to the hockey tournament 's completion in order to return to BU ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1973_NCAA_University_Division_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1973 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1972-73 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 26th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 15 and 17 , 1973 , and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Denver 4-2 . All games were played at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . After the tournament Denver 's participation was vacated as a result of NCAA recruiting violations ."}]}, {'value': 'Dean Talafous', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dean_Talafous', 'summary': 'Dean Charles Talafous ( born August 25 , 1953 ) is an American former professional ice hockey player . He played 497 regular season games in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) between 1974 and 1981 for the Atlanta Flames , Minnesota North Stars and New York Rangers as a right winger .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison , Wisconsin . The team plays at the Kohl Center and is coached by Tony Granato . The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and eleven conference tournament titles . They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men 's ice hockey tournament , advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times . The team 's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history . Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2-1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1974_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1974 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1973-74 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 27th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 14 and 16 , 1974 , and concluded with Minnesota defeating Michigan Tech 4-2 . All games were played at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . This is the last tournament to not have a team returning from the previous season 's bracket . ( as of 2016 )"}]}, {'value': 'Brad Shelstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Shelstad', 'summary': 'Brad Shelstad is a retired American ice hockey player . He captained Minnesota to its first National Title in 1974 winning the Tournament MOP in the process .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team at the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota . They are members of the Big Ten Conference and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . The Golden Gophers have won five NCAA national championships , in 1974 , 1976 , 1979 , 2002 and 2003 . The team also shared the 1929 National Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship with Yale . and captured the national Amateur Athletic Union ( AAU ) championship for amateur hockey in 1940 . The Gophers are currently coached by Bob Motzko . Under Don Lucia the Gophers earned a spot in the NCAA tournament in eight seasons during a nine-year time span , including five number 1 seeds and three appearances in the Frozen Four . The team 's main rivalries are with the University of Wisconsin and the University of North Dakota , although several other schools claim Minnesota as their archrival . For much of the team 's recent history , there has been a strong emphasis on recruiting native Minnesotan high school and junior hockey players , as opposed to out-of-state , Canadian , or European players . This helped high school ice hockey grow in Minnesota , particularly starting with Hall of Famer John Mariucci , who refused to recruit players from Canada . Minnesota high school ice hockey programs grew from a handful in the 1950s to over 150 in 1980 . Head coach Doug Woog championed home-grown talent the most , he only recruited from Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1975_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1975 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1974-75 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 28th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 13 and 15 , 1975 , and concluded with Michigan Tech defeating Minnesota 6-1 . All games were played at the St. Louis Arena in St. Louis , Missouri . This is the first time since 1949 that all four teams in the tournament had played in the previous championship . It has not happened since ( as of 2017 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Jim Warden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Warden', 'summary': 'Jim Warden is a retired ice hockey goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan Tech', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Tech_Huskies_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Michigan Tech Huskies men 's ice hockey team is an NCAA Division I college ice hockey program that represents Michigan Technological University . The Huskies are a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . They play at the MacInnes Student Ice Arena in Houghton , Michigan . The Huskies host and compete in the annual Great Lakes Invitational held in December of each year . The four-team tournament was played for the 50th year in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1976_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1976 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1975-76 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 29th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 25 and 27 , 1976 , and concluded with Minnesota defeating Michigan Tech 6-4 . All games were played at the University of Denver Arena in Denver , Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'Tom Vannelli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Vannelli', 'summary': 'Tom Vannelli is a retired American ice hockey player and coach . He helped Minnesota win its first two National Titles in 1974 and 1976 winning the Tournament MOP for the second .'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team at the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota . They are members of the Big Ten Conference and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . The Golden Gophers have won five NCAA national championships , in 1974 , 1976 , 1979 , 2002 and 2003 . The team also shared the 1929 National Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship with Yale . and captured the national Amateur Athletic Union ( AAU ) championship for amateur hockey in 1940 . The Gophers are currently coached by Bob Motzko . Under Don Lucia the Gophers earned a spot in the NCAA tournament in eight seasons during a nine-year time span , including five number 1 seeds and three appearances in the Frozen Four . The team 's main rivalries are with the University of Wisconsin and the University of North Dakota , although several other schools claim Minnesota as their archrival . For much of the team 's recent history , there has been a strong emphasis on recruiting native Minnesotan high school and junior hockey players , as opposed to out-of-state , Canadian , or European players . This helped high school ice hockey grow in Minnesota , particularly starting with Hall of Famer John Mariucci , who refused to recruit players from Canada . Minnesota high school ice hockey programs grew from a handful in the 1950s to over 150 in 1980 . Head coach Doug Woog championed home-grown talent the most , he only recruited from Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1977_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1977 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1976-77 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 30th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 20 and 26 , 1977 , and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Michigan 6-5 in overtime . The first round game were held at the home team venue while all succeeding games were played at the Olympia Stadium in Detroit , Michigan . For the first time the tournament was expanded beyond 4 teams . The NCAA selection committee granted themselves the ability to add an additional 4 teams to the tournament beyond the two tournament finalists from both the ECAC and WCHA ."}]}, {'value': 'Julian Baretta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julian_Baretta', 'summary': 'Julian Baretta is a retired Canadian ice hockey player . He helped Wisconsin win their second National Title in 1977 , earning Tournament MOP honors and winning the longest championship game in tournament history .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison , Wisconsin . The team plays at the Kohl Center and is coached by Tony Granato . The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and eleven conference tournament titles . They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men 's ice hockey tournament , advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times . The team 's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history . Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2-1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1978_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1978 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1977-78 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 31st such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 18 and 25 , 1978 , and concluded with Boston University defeating Boston College 5-3 . The first round games were held at the home team venue while all succeeding games were played at the Providence Civic Center in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': "Jack O'Callahan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Jack_O'Callahan", 'summary': "John J. Jack O'Callahan ( born July 24 , 1957 in Charlestown , Massachusetts ) is a retired American professional ice hockey player who played 390 NHL regular season games between 1982 and 1989 for the Chicago Blackhawks and New Jersey Devils . Before turning professional , he was a member of the 1980 Winter Olympics United States national team that upset the Soviet Union in the Miracle on Ice game ."}]}, {'value': 'Defenceman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defenceman', 'summary': 'Defence ( defense in the United States ) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring . They are often referred to as defencemen , D , D-men or blueliners ( the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone ; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone ) . They were once called cover-point . A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking . In regular play , two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice . Exceptions include overtime during the regular season and when a team is shorthanded ( i.e . has been assessed a penalty ) , in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender ; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman ( typically ) , or conversely , two defencemen and one forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1979_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1979 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1978-79 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 32nd such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 18 and 24 , 1979 , and concluded with Minnesota defeating North Dakota 4-3 . The first round game was held at the home team venue while all succeeding games were played at the Olympia Stadium in Detroit , Michigan ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Janaszak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Janaszak', 'summary': 'Steven James Janaszak ( born January 7 , 1957 in Saint Paul , Minnesota and raised in White Bear Lake , Minnesota ) is an American former ice hockey goaltender who played three games in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) with the Minnesota North Stars and Colorado Rockies between 1980 and 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team at the Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota . They are members of the Big Ten Conference and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . The Golden Gophers have won five NCAA national championships , in 1974 , 1976 , 1979 , 2002 and 2003 . The team also shared the 1929 National Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship with Yale . and captured the national Amateur Athletic Union ( AAU ) championship for amateur hockey in 1940 . The Gophers are currently coached by Bob Motzko . Under Don Lucia the Gophers earned a spot in the NCAA tournament in eight seasons during a nine-year time span , including five number 1 seeds and three appearances in the Frozen Four . The team 's main rivalries are with the University of Wisconsin and the University of North Dakota , although several other schools claim Minnesota as their archrival . For much of the team 's recent history , there has been a strong emphasis on recruiting native Minnesotan high school and junior hockey players , as opposed to out-of-state , Canadian , or European players . This helped high school ice hockey grow in Minnesota , particularly starting with Hall of Famer John Mariucci , who refused to recruit players from Canada . Minnesota high school ice hockey programs grew from a handful in the 1950s to over 150 in 1980 . Head coach Doug Woog championed home-grown talent the most , he only recruited from Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1980_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1980 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 33rd such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 22 and 29 , 1980 , and concluded with North Dakota defeating Northern Michigan 5-2 . The first round game was held at the home team venue while all succeeding games were played at the Providence Civic Center in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Smail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Smail', 'summary': 'Douglas Dean Smail ( born 2 September 1957 in Moose Jaw , Saskatchewan ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for 13 seasons from 1980 through 1993 .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'North Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Dakota_Fighting_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The North Dakota Fighting Hawks men 's ice hockey team ( UND ) is the college ice hockey team at the Grand Forks campus of the University of North Dakota . They are members of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference ( NCHC ) and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . North Dakota is considered one of the premier college hockey programs in the country , and are regarded as one of the most powerful , successful , and storied college hockey programs in NCAA history . UND has made over 30 appearances in the NCAA tournament , appeared in the Frozen Four 22 times , and have won 8 NCAA Division I Championships . They have also won 15 WCHA Regular Season Championships , 2 NCHC Regular Season Championships , and 11 WCHA Tournament Championships . The school 's former official nickname was previously the Fighting Sioux , which was ultimately retired due to pressure from the NCAA in 2012 . The official school nickname is now the Fighting Hawks , a name that was chosen by the University on November 18 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1981_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1981 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1980-81 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 34th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 19 and 27 , 1981 , and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Minnesota 6-3 . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Duluth Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . 1981 was the first year that the tournament guaranteed 8 teams to be selected for the championship as opposed the policy put in place in 1977 that gave the selection committee the ability to choose up to 4 additional teams at its discretion ( two was the maximum the committee ever choose ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Marc Behrend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marc_Behrend', 'summary': "Marc James Behrend ( born January 11 , 1961 in Madison , Wisconsin ) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 39 National Hockey League ( NHL ) regular season games with the Winnipeg Jets between 1984 and 1986 . He was drafted by the Jets with the 85th pick overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft . Before turning professional , Behrend graduated from Madison La Follette High School and was a member of the University of Wisconsin-Madison men 's hockey team that won the NCAA championship in 1981 and 1983 . Behrend was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player on both occasions , becoming only the second player in the history of the tournament to do so . He is also the only goaltender to play in three consecutive NCAA finals ( 1981-1983 ) . He also played for the United States national hockey team in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo before turning professional . After his hockey career Behrend joined the City of Madison Fire Department where worked as a firefighter from 1988 to 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison , Wisconsin . The team plays at the Kohl Center and is coached by Tony Granato . The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and eleven conference tournament titles . They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men 's ice hockey tournament , advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times . The team 's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history . Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2-1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1982_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1982 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1981-82 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 35th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 19 and 27 , 1982 , and concluded with North Dakota defeating Wisconsin 5-2 . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Providence Civic Center in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': 'Phil Sykes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Sykes_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "Phil Sykes ( born March 18 , 1959 ) is a former college and professional ice hockey player . He played college hockey for the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux helping them win NCAA national championships in 1980 and 1982 . He was named to the NCAA Championship all-tournament team in both 1980 and 1982 and the WCHA first all-star team in 1982 . He was also named the NCAA 's championship tournament MVP in 1982 . His National Hockey League playing career began with the Los Angeles Kings in the 1982-1983 season . He finished his career playing for the Winnipeg Jets following the 1991-1992 season . He played 456 games in the NHL and 212 games in the AHL during his 10-year professional career ."}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'North Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Dakota_Fighting_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The North Dakota Fighting Hawks men 's ice hockey team ( UND ) is the college ice hockey team at the Grand Forks campus of the University of North Dakota . They are members of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference ( NCHC ) and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . North Dakota is considered one of the premier college hockey programs in the country , and are regarded as one of the most powerful , successful , and storied college hockey programs in NCAA history . UND has made over 30 appearances in the NCAA tournament , appeared in the Frozen Four 22 times , and have won 8 NCAA Division I Championships . They have also won 15 WCHA Regular Season Championships , 2 NCHC Regular Season Championships , and 11 WCHA Tournament Championships . The school 's former official nickname was previously the Fighting Sioux , which was ultimately retired due to pressure from the NCAA in 2012 . The official school nickname is now the Fighting Hawks , a name that was chosen by the University on November 18 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1983_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1983 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1982-83 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 36th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 18 and 26 , 1983 , and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Harvard 6-2 . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Winter Sports Center in Grand Forks , North Dakota . The Badgers ' goal differential ( +16 ) is a record for an NCAA tournament , equaling the record set by Colorado College in 1950 and matched by Michigan in 1953 ."}]}, {'value': 'Marc Behrend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marc_Behrend', 'summary': "Marc James Behrend ( born January 11 , 1961 in Madison , Wisconsin ) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 39 National Hockey League ( NHL ) regular season games with the Winnipeg Jets between 1984 and 1986 . He was drafted by the Jets with the 85th pick overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft . Before turning professional , Behrend graduated from Madison La Follette High School and was a member of the University of Wisconsin-Madison men 's hockey team that won the NCAA championship in 1981 and 1983 . Behrend was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player on both occasions , becoming only the second player in the history of the tournament to do so . He is also the only goaltender to play in three consecutive NCAA finals ( 1981-1983 ) . He also played for the United States national hockey team in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo before turning professional . After his hockey career Behrend joined the City of Madison Fire Department where worked as a firefighter from 1988 to 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison , Wisconsin . The team plays at the Kohl Center and is coached by Tony Granato . The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and eleven conference tournament titles . They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men 's ice hockey tournament , advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times . The team 's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history . Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2-1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1984 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1983-84 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 37th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 16 and 24 , 1984 , and concluded with Bowling Green defeating Minnesota-Duluth 5-4 in quadruple overtime . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues , while all succeeding games were played at the 1980 Olympic Arena in Lake Placid , New York . As of 2018 the final game is the longest match to determine a champion in NCAA history ."}]}, {'value': 'Gary Kruzich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Kruzich', 'summary': 'Gary Kruzich ( born April 22 , 1965 ) is an American former professional ice hockey player and coach . Kruzich backstopped Bowling Green to their first ( and only as of 2018 ) National Title in 1984 , earning Tournament MOP honors and winning the longest championship game in tournament history .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Bowling Green', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bowling_Green_Falcons_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Bowling Green Falcons ice hockey team is the ice hockey team that represents Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green , Ohio . The school 's team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association . The Falcons last played in the NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament in 2019 . The Falcons have won one NCAA Division I championship , coming in 1984 , defeating the Minnesota-Duluth Bulldogs in the longest championship game in the tournament 's history ."}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1985_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1985 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1984-85 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 38th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 22 and 30 , 1985 , and concluded with Rensselaer defeating Providence 2-1 . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Terreri *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Terreri', 'summary': 'Christopher Arnold Terreri ( born November 15 , 1964 ) is an American professional ice hockey coach and former player .'}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Providence', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Providence_Friars_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Providence Friars men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Providence College . The Friars are a member of Hockey East . The skating Friars are currently coached by Nate Leaman has been the head coach of the skating Friars since 2011 , leading them to a national championship in 2015 . They play at the 3,030-seat Schneider Arena in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1986_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1986 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1985-86 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 39th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 21 and 29 , 1986 , and concluded with Michigan State defeating Harvard 6-5 . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Providence Civic Center in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Donnelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Donnelly', 'summary': "Michael Chene Donnelly ( born October 10 , 1963 ) is an American former ice hockey left wing . He played in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers , Buffalo Sabres , Los Angeles Kings , Dallas Stars , and New York Islanders . In his NHL career , Donnelly appeared in 465 games . He scored 114 goals and added 121 assists . He is currently an amateur scout for the Kings covering Western North American Colleges . In 1986 , while playing for Michigan State University , Mike set the CCHA single season goals record with 59 goals ( only Phil Latreille has scored more goals in a season in NCAA history ) , and that same year scored a total of 97 points which placed him 18th on the all-time points list for single season . He was named as the Most Outstanding Player of the 1986 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament , which was won by Michigan State ."}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Michigan State Spartans men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents Michigan State University ( MSU ) . The team plays at the Munn Ice Arena in East Lansing , Michigan , on the MSU campus . The current head coach is Danton Cole , who took over coaching duties on April 11 , 2017 , after Tom Anastos resigned . Michigan State currently competes in the Big Ten Conference . The MSU ice hockey program has seven CCHA regular season championships and 11 CCHA Tournament titles . MSU has also won 12 Great Lakes Invitational titles . The Spartans have been in the NCAA tournament 23 times , with nine Frozen Four appearances and three national titles ( 1966 , 1986 , and 2007 ) . On April 7 , 2007 , the Michigan State Spartans won their third National Championship by beating Boston College 3-1 . Their traditional rival is Michigan and the teams have played an annual game in Detroit since 1990 . Starting at the Joe Louis Arena , the game has since moved to Little Caesars Arena in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1987_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1987 NCAA Men 's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1986-87 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 40th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 20 and 28 , 1987 , and concluded with North Dakota defeating Michigan State 5-3 . All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan ."}]}, {'value': 'Tony Hrkac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Hrkac', 'summary': 'Anthony John Hrkac ( /ˈhɜːrkəs/ ; born July 7 , 1966 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player of Croatian and Ukrainian ancestry who played eighteen seasons of professional hockey .'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'North Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Dakota_Fighting_Hawks_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The North Dakota Fighting Hawks men 's ice hockey team ( UND ) is the college ice hockey team at the Grand Forks campus of the University of North Dakota . They are members of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference ( NCHC ) and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ice hockey . North Dakota is considered one of the premier college hockey programs in the country , and are regarded as one of the most powerful , successful , and storied college hockey programs in NCAA history . UND has made over 30 appearances in the NCAA tournament , appeared in the Frozen Four 22 times , and have won 8 NCAA Division I Championships . They have also won 15 WCHA Regular Season Championships , 2 NCHC Regular Season Championships , and 11 WCHA Tournament Championships . The school 's former official nickname was previously the Fighting Sioux , which was ultimately retired due to pressure from the NCAA in 2012 . The official school nickname is now the Fighting Hawks , a name that was chosen by the University on November 18 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1988_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1988 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1987-88 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 41st such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 18 and April 2 , 1988 , and concluded with Lake Superior State defeating St. Lawrence 4-3 in overtime . All First Round and Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues with the 'Frozen Four ' games being played at the Olympic Center in Lake Placid , New York . For the first time the NCAA tournament was expanded to 12 teams ( four more than the previous seven years ) partially as a result of an increasing number of programs as well as two additional conferences being created in the interim . This was the first tournament to include an independent school since 1960 , more than a year before the ECAC was founded . The championship game is remembered for a missed infraction towards the end of regulation that should have given St. Lawrence a penalty shot but resulted in no call from the official ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Hoffort', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Hoffort', 'summary': "Bruce W. Hoffort ( born July 30 , 1966 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender who played in 9 games over parts of two National Hockey League ( NHL ) seasons with the Philadelphia Flyers . He was a member of the Lake Superior State Lakers 1988 NCAA Championship men 's ice hockey team ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Lake Superior State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lake_Superior_State_Lakers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Lake Superior State Lakers men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Lake Superior State University . The Lakers are a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . They play at the Taffy Abel Arena in Sault Ste . Marie , Michigan ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1989 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1988-89 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 42nd such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 17 and April 1 , 1989 , and concluded with Harvard defeating Minnesota 4-3 in overtime . All First Round and Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues with the 'Frozen Four ' games being played at the St. Paul Civic Center in St. Paul , Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': 'Ted Donato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Donato', 'summary': "Edward Paul Donato ( born April 28 , 1969 ) is an American former ice hockey player who played in the NHL , who currently serves as the head coach for the Harvard University hockey team . Donato 's son , Ryan Donato , was drafted by the Boston Bruins in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft . Donato was born in Boston , Massachusetts , but grew up in Dedham , Massachusetts ."}]}, {'value': 'Left Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Harvard', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Harvard Crimson men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Harvard University . The Crimson are a member of ECAC Hockey . They play at the Bright Hockey Center in Boston , Massachusetts . The Crimson hockey team is one of the oldest college ice hockey teams in the United States , having played their first game on January 19 , 1898 , in a 0-6 loss to Brown . The Crimson 's archrival is the Cornell Big Red . The teams meet at least twice each season for installments of the historic Cornell-Harvard hockey rivalry ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1990 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1989-90 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 43rd such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 16 and April 1 , 1990 , and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Colgate 7-3 . All First Round and Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues with the 'Frozen Four ' games being played at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan . This was the first year in which the consolation game was not played since the tournaments premier in 1948 . Boston University 's 30 goals scored during the tournament is the highest ever for a single team . The Terriers also played the most NCAA tournament games in one year ( 7 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Tancill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Tancill', 'summary': 'Christopher William Tank Tancill ( born February 7 , 1968 ) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger .'}]}, {'value': 'Right Wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Wisconsin Badgers men 's ice hockey team is the college ice hockey team that represents the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison , Wisconsin . The team plays at the Kohl Center and is coached by Tony Granato . The Badgers ice hockey team competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers have won three WCHA regular season conference titles and eleven conference tournament titles . They have also made 24 appearances in the NCAA men 's ice hockey tournament , advancing to the Frozen Four 12 times . The team 's six national titles rank fourth best in college hockey history . Their most recent national championship came in 2006 when the Badgers defeated the Boston College Eagles 2-1 at the Bradley Center in Milwaukee , Wisconsin ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1991_NCAA_Division_I_Men's_Ice_Hockey_Tournament", 'summary': "The 1991 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1990-91 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season , the 44th such tournament in NCAA history . It was held between March 15 and March 30 , 1991 , and concluded with Northern Michigan defeating Boston University 8-7 in overtime . All First Round and Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues with the 'Frozen Four ' games being played at the Saint Paul Civic Center in Saint Paul , Minnesota ."}]}, {'value': 'Scott Beattie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Beattie', 'summary': 'Scott Beattie ( born May 16 , 1968 ) is a Canadian-Italian former professional ice hockey player and coach . Beattie led the NCAA in scoring during his sophomore season with Northern Michigan , earning several accolades to go along with the 1991 National Title .'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Northern Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Northern_Michigan_Wildcats_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Northern Michigan Wildcats men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Northern Michigan University ( NMU ) . The Wildcats are a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . NMU has won one national title and has made three Frozen Four appearances . They play at the Berry Events Center in Marquette , Michigan ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_NCAA_Division_I_Ice_Hockey_Tournament_Most_Outstanding_Player_1', 'intro': "The Tournament Most Outstanding Player is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship to the player to be judged the most outstanding. The award has been in effect since the adoption of a national championship tournament for the 1947-48 season. In recent years the award has usually gone to the most outstanding player of the team that won the Division I NCAA Tournament. During the first five years of the tournament the most outstanding player did not come from the winning squad but since 1953 the MOP has not been on the victorious school in only three years (1955, 1960 and 1985). Only two players have been named MOP more than once (Lou Angotti and Marc Behrend), however neither was able to do so in consecutive years. In 1960 the MOP was awarded to multiple players for the first time when it was awarded to three separate people, none of whom played for the National Champion. It has not been awarded to more than one player in a single year since."}
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What position does the athlete born in Madison play ?
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goaltender
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ff5f4d28477f04e9
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Meistriliiga', 'title': '2013 Meistriliiga', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Stadium', 'Seating capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Flora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Flora', 'summary': "FC Flora , commonly known as Flora Tallinn , or simply as Flora , is a professional football club based in Tallinn , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is A . Le Coq Arena . Formed in 1990 , Flora were founding members of the Meistriliiga , and are one of two clubs which have never been relegated from the Estonian top division , along with Narva Trans . Flora have won more trophies than any other club in Estonian football , with a record 12 Meistriliiga titles , seven Estonian Cups and a record nine Estonian Supercups ."}]}, {'value': 'Tallinn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tallinn', 'summary': "Tallinn ( /ˈtɑːlɪn , ˈtælɪn/ ; Estonian : [ ˈtɑlʲˑinˑ ] ; names in other languages ) is the capital , primate and the most populous city of Estonia . Located in the northern part of the country , on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea , it has a population of 434,562 . Administratively a part of Harju maakond ( county ) , Tallinn is the main financial , industrial , cultural , educational and research centre of Estonia . Tallinn is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Helsinki , Finland , 320 kilometres ( 200 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia , 300 kilometres ( 190 mi ) north of Riga , Latvia , and 380 kilometres ( 240 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden . It has close historical ties with these four cities . From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century Tallinn was known in most of the world by its historical German name Reval . Tallinn , first mentioned in 1219 , received city rights in 1248 , but the earliest human settlements date back 5,000 years . The first recorded claim over the land was laid by Denmark in 1219 , after a successful raid of Lyndanisse led by king Valdemar II , followed by a period of alternating Scandinavian and Teutonic rulers . Due to its strategic location , the city became a major trade hub , especially from the 14th to the 16th century , when it grew in importance as part of the Hanseatic League . Tallinn 's Old Town is one of the best preserved medieval cities in Europe and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Tallinn has the highest number of start-ups per person among European countries and is a birthplace of many international high technology companies , including Skype and Transferwise . The city is to house the headquarters of the European Union 's IT agency ."}]}, {'value': 'A . Le Coq Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._Le_Coq_Arena', 'summary': 'The A . Le Coq Arena ( known as Lilleküla Stadium prior to sponsorship and during UEFA competitions ) is a football stadium in Tallinn , Estonia . It is the home ground of football club Flora and the Estonia national football team . With a capacity of 14,336 , it is the largest football stadium in Estonia .'}]}, {'value': '9,692', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Infonet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Infonet', 'summary': "FCI Tallinn ( FC Infonet Tallinn ) is a football club , based in Lasnamäe , Tallinn , Estonia . Formed in 2002 , the club played in the Estonian top flight Meistriliiga from 2013 to 2017 , and won the league in the 2016 season . In 2017 , the club merged with Levadia , with the main team and first reserve disbanded , the second reserves , playing in the II Liiga , the fourth level , inherited the club 's name ."}]}, {'value': 'Tallinn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sportland Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sportland_Arena', 'summary': 'The A . Le Coq Arena ( known as Lilleküla Stadium prior to sponsorship and during UEFA competitions ) is a football stadium in Tallinn , Estonia . It is the home ground of football club Flora and the Estonia national football team . With a capacity of 14,336 , it is the largest football stadium in Estonia .'}]}, {'value': '540', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuressaare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kuressaare', 'summary': "FC Kuressaare , commonly known as Kuressaare , is a football club , based in Kuressaare , Saaremaa , Estonia . The club 's home ground is Kuressaare linnastaadion . Founded on 14 March 1997 , the club competes in the Meistriliiga , the top tier of Estonian football ."}]}, {'value': 'Kuressaare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuressaare', 'summary': 'Kuressaare ( Estonian pronunciation : [ ˈkureˈsˑɑːre ] ) is a town on Saaremaa island in Estonia . It is the administrative centre of Saaremaa Parish and the capital of Saare County . Kuressaare is the westernmost town in Estonia . The recorded population on 1 January 2018 was 13,276 . The town is situated on the southern coast of Saaremaa island , facing the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea , and is served by the Kuressaare Airport , Roomassaare harbour , and Kuressaare yacht harbour .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuressaare Linnastaadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuressaare_Linnastaadion', 'summary': 'Kuressaare linnastaadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuressaare , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the matches of FC Kuressaare . The stadiums seated capacity is 2,000 .'}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levadia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Levadia_Tallinn', 'summary': "FCI Levadia Tallinn , commonly known as FCI Levadia , or simply as Levadia , is a professional football club based in Tallinn , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is A . Le Coq Arena . Founded as Levadia in Maardu in 1998 , the club moved to Tallinn in 2004 . The club has played in the Meistriliiga since the 1999 season and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division . Levadia have won 9 Meistriliiga titles , a record 9 Estonian Cups and 7 Estonian Supercups . In 2017 , Levadia 's first team merged with FCI Tallinn , and became FCI Levadia ."}]}, {'value': 'Tallinn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kadriorg Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadriorg_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Kadriorg Stadium ( Estonian : Kadrioru staadion ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tallinn , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Levadia Tallinn . The stadium holds 5,000 and was built in 1926 . The Kadriorg Stadium is located about 2 km east of the city centre in the subdistrict of Kadriorg near the Kadriorg Palace . The address of the stadium is Roheline aas 24 , 10150 Tallinn . Before 2001 when the A . Le Coq Arena was built , Kadriorg also was the home ground for the Estonia national football team .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Narva Trans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Narva_Trans', 'summary': "JK Narva Trans , commonly known as Narva Trans , or simply as Trans , is a professional football club , based in Narva , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is Narva Kreenholm Stadium . The club was founded as Avtomobilist in 1979 , changed its name to Autobaas in 1989 , and to Narva Trans in 1992 . Narva Trans were founding members of the Meistriliiga , and are one of two clubs which have never been relegated from the Estonian top division , along with Flora . Narva Trans have won 2 Estonian Cups and 2 Estonian Supercups ."}]}, {'value': 'Narva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Narva', 'summary': "Narva ( Estonian pronunciation : [ ˈnɑrʋɑ ] ; Russian : Нарва , Russian pronunciation : [ ˈnarvə ] ) is a municipality and city in Estonia . It is located in Ida-Viru County , at the eastern extreme point of Estonia , at the Russian border , on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus . The city of Narva is the country 's third largest ."}]}, {'value': 'Kreenholm Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Narva_Kreenholmi_Stadium', 'summary': 'Narva Kreenholm Stadium ( also Kreenholm Stadium ; Estonian : Narva Kreenholmi staadion ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Narva , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the matches of JK Narva Trans . The stadium holds 1,065 people .'}]}, {'value': '1,065', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nõmme Kalju', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nõmme_Kalju_FC', 'summary': "Nõmme Kalju FC ( Estonian pronunciation : [ nɤmˈme ˈkɑlju ] ) , commonly known as Nõmme Kalju , or simply as Kalju , is a professional football club , based in Nõmme , Tallinn , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is Hiiu Stadium . Founded in 1923 and re-established in 1997 , the club has played in the Meistriliiga since the 2008 season and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division . Nõmme Kalju have won two Meistriliiga titles , one Estonian Cup and one Estonian Supercup ."}]}, {'value': 'Tallinn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kadriorg Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadriorg_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Kadriorg Stadium ( Estonian : Kadrioru staadion ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tallinn , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Levadia Tallinn . The stadium holds 5,000 and was built in 1926 . The Kadriorg Stadium is located about 2 km east of the city centre in the subdistrict of Kadriorg near the Kadriorg Palace . The address of the stadium is Roheline aas 24 , 10150 Tallinn . Before 2001 when the A . Le Coq Arena was built , Kadriorg also was the home ground for the Estonia national football team .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paide Linnameeskond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paide_Linnameeskond', 'summary': "Paide Linnameeskond is a football club based in Paide , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is Paide linnastaadion . Founded in 2004 , the club has played in the Meistriliiga since 2009 and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division ."}]}, {'value': 'Paide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paide', 'summary': 'Paide ( German : Weissenstein ) is the capital of Järva County , Estonia .'}]}, {'value': 'Paide linnastaadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paide_linnastaadion', 'summary': 'Paide linnastaadion ( English : Paide City Stadium ) is a multi-use stadium in Paide , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Meistriliiga team Paide Linnameeskond . The stadium has a seating capacity of 268 .'}]}, {'value': '368', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sillamäe Kalev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Sillamäe_Kalev', 'summary': 'JK Sillamäe Kalev , commonly known as Sillamäe Kalev , or simply as Sillamäe , is a football club , based in Sillamäe , Estonia . Founded in 1957 , Sillamäe Kalev was one of the founding members of the Meistriliiga . The club competed in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football in 2017 , but was declared bankrupt in March 2018 . Its football academy continued and took over the name , continuing in II liiga , 4th level in Estonian football league system .'}]}, {'value': 'Sillamäe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sillamäe', 'summary': "Sillamäe ( Estonian for 'Bridge Hill ' ; known also by Germanised names of Sillamäggi or Sillamägi and in Russian : Силламяэ , Sillamyae ) , is a town in Ida-Viru County in the northern part of Estonia , on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland . It has a population of 13,666 ( as of 1 January 2017 ) and covers an area of 10.54 km² . Sillamäe is located at the mouth of Sõtke River ."}]}, {'value': 'Sillamäe Kalev Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sillamäe_Kalevi_Stadium', 'summary': 'Sillamäe Kalevi staadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Sillamäe , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the matches of JK Sillamäe Kalev . The stadium holds 800 people .'}]}, {'value': '800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tallinna Kalev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Tallinna_Kalev', 'summary': "JK Tallinna Kalev , also known as Tallinna Kalev or simply Kalev , is a football club based in Tallinn , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is the Kalev Keskstaadion . Formed as Meteor in 1909 , the club changed its name to Kalev in 1911 after joining the Estonian Sports Association Kalev . The club were founding members of the Estonian Football Championship in 1921 . Kalev have won three league championship titles , in 1923 , 1930 and 1955 . The club was re-established in 2002 and has played in the Meistriliiga since 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tallinn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kalevi Keskstaadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalevi_Keskstaadion', 'summary': 'Kalevi Keskstaadion is a multi-purpose stadium in Tallinn , Estonia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Kalev Tallinn . The stadium holds 12,000 and was built in 1955 . The address of the stadium is Staadioni 8 , 10132 Tallinn . Since 1955 all of the Estonian Dance Festivals have been held there .'}]}, {'value': '11,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tammeka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tartu_JK_Tammeka', 'summary': "Tartu JK Tammeka , commonly known as Tartu Tammeka or simply Tammeka , is a football club , based in Tartu , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . Founded in 1989 , the club has played in the Meistriliiga since the 2005 season and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division . The club 's home ground is Tartu Tamme Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Tartu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tartu', 'summary': "Tartu ( Estonian pronunciation : [ ˈtɑrtˑu ] , South Estonian : Tarto ) is the second largest city of Estonia , after Estonia 's political and financial capital Tallinn . Tartu is often considered the intellectual centre of the country , especially since it is home to the nation 's oldest and most renowned university , the University of Tartu . The city also houses the Supreme Court of Estonia , the Ministry of Education and Research , and the new building of the Estonian National Museum , opened to the public in October 2016 . It is also the birthplace of Estonian Song Festivals . Situated 186 kilometres ( 116 miles ) southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres ( 152 miles ) northeast of Riga , Tartu lies on the Emajõgi ( Mother river ) , which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia . The city is served by Tartu Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Tamme Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamme_Stadium', 'summary': 'Tamme Stadium ( Estonian : Tamme staadion ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Tartu , Estonia , located in the district of Tammelinn . It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the matches of Tammeka Tartu . The stadium holds 1,638 people .'}]}, {'value': '1,750', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Stadiums and locations', 'section_text': 'KuressaareTransPaideSillamäe KalevFloraLevadiaKaljuTallinna KalevInfonetTammeka Location of the 2013 Meistriliiga teams', 'uid': '2013_Meistriliiga_0', 'intro': 'The 2013 Meistriliiga (also known as A. Le Coq Premium Liiga for sponsorship reasons) was the 23rd season of the Meistriliiga, the first level in the Estonian football system. The season began on 2 March 2013 and ended on 9 November 2013. Nõmme Kalju, the defending champions, finished runners-up behind Levadia, who won their 8th title.'}
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Which Tallinn team was founded first ?
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Tallinna Kalev
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ff6059ee5066f20e
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_alumni', 'title': 'List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Degree', 'Degree year', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': "Lt. Gen. James Alan Abrahamson ( USAF Ret 'd )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Alan_Abrahamson', 'summary': "James Alan Abrahamson ( born May 19 , 1933 ) is a retired U.S. Air Force general who served as a designated astronaut , Associate Director of NASA and former director of President Ronald Reagan 's Strategic Defense Initiative from 1984 until 1989 . He is a successful businessman who served as chairman of the board of GeoEye , a company he helped to transform into the world 's largest space imaging corporation and that merged with DigitalGlobe Inc in January 2013 . Previously , he served as chairman of Oracle Corporation 's board of directors from 1992 until 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'SB - Aeronautical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1955', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Director of President Ronald Reagan 's Strategic Defense Initiative US Air Force general", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_Reagan', 'summary': "Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈreɪɡən/ ; February 6 , 1911 - June 5 , 2004 ) was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism . Prior to his presidency , he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975 . Reagan was raised in a low-income family in small towns of northern Illinois . He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports commentator on several regional radio stations . After moving to California in 1937 , he found work as an actor and starred in a few major productions . Reagan was twice elected president of the Screen Actors Guild - the labor union for actors - where he worked to root out Communist influence . In the 1950s , he moved into television and was a motivational speaker at General Electric factories , during which time he became a conservative . Reagan was a Democrat until 1962 when he switched to the Republican Party . In 1964 , Reagan 's speech A Time for Choosing supported Barry Goldwater 's foundering presidential campaign and earned him national attention as a new conservative spokesman . Building a network of supporters , Reagan was elected governor of California in 1966 . As governor , Reagan raised taxes , turned a state budget deficit to a surplus , challenged the protesters at the University of California , ordered in National Guard troops during a period of protest movements in 1969 , and was re-elected in 1970 . He twice ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination , in 1968 and 1976 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative_Organization', 'summary': "The Strategic Defense Initiative ( SDI ) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons ( intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles ) . The concept was first announced publicly by President Ronald Reagan on March 23 , 1983 . Reagan was a vocal critic of the doctrine of mutual assured destruction ( MAD ) , which he described as a suicide pact , and he called upon the scientists and engineers of the United States to develop a system that would render nuclear weapons obsolete . The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization ( SDIO ) was set up in 1984 within the United States Department of Defense to oversee development . A wide array of advanced weapon concepts , including lasers , particle beam weapons and ground- and space-based missile systems were studied , along with various sensor , command and control , and high-performance computer systems that would be needed to control a system consisting of hundreds of combat centers and satellites spanning the entire globe and involved in a battle that would last only minutes . A number of these concepts were tested through the late 1980s , and follow-on efforts and spin-offs continue to this day . Under the SDIO 's Innovative Sciences and Technology Office , headed by physicist and engineer Dr. James Ionson , the investment was predominantly made in basic research at national laboratories , universities , and in industry ; these programs have continued to be key sources of funding for top research scientists in the fields of high-energy physics , supercomputing/computation , advanced materials , and many other critical science and engineering disciplines - funding which indirectly supports other research work by top scientists , and which would be politically impossible to fund outside of the defense budget environment . [ citation needed ] In 1987 , the American Physical Society concluded that the technologies being considered were decades away from being ready for use , and at least another decade of research was required to know whether such a system was even possible . After the publication of the APS report , SDIs budget was repeatedly cut . By the late 1980s , the effort had been re-focused on the Brilliant Pebbles concept using small orbiting missiles not unlike a conventional air-to-air missile , which was expected to be much less expensive to develop and deploy . SDI was controversial in some sectors , and was criticized for threatening to destabilize the MAD-approach and to possibly re-ignite an offensive arms race . SDI was derisively nicknamed by Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy as Star Wars , after the 1977 film by George Lucas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'Ben Bernanke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Bernanke', 'summary': "Ben Shalom Bernanke ( /bərˈnæŋki/ bər-NANG-kee ; born December 13 , 1953 ) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as Chair of the Federal Reserve , the central bank of the United States , from 2006 to 2014 . During his tenure as chair , Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve 's response to the late-2000s financial crisis . Before becoming Federal Reserve chair , Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the department of economics there from 1996 to September 2002 , when he went on public service leave . From August 5 , 2002 until June 21 , 2005 , he was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System , proposed the Bernanke Doctrine , and first discussed the Great Moderation - the theory that traditional business cycles have declined in volatility in recent decades through structural changes that have occurred in the international economy , particularly increases in the economic stability of developing nations , diminishing the influence of macroeconomic ( monetary and fiscal ) policy . Bernanke then served as chairman of President George W. Bush 's Council of Economic Advisers before President Bush nominated him to succeed Alan Greenspan as chairman of the United States Federal Reserve . His first term began February 1 , 2006 . Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28 , 2010 , after being renominated by President Barack Obama , who later referred to him as the epitome of calm . His second term ended January 31 , 2014 , when he was succeeded by Janet Yellen on February 3 , 2014 . Bernanke wrote about his time as chairman of the Federal Reserve in his 2015 book , The Courage to Act , in which he revealed that the world 's economy came close to collapse in 2007 and 2008 . Bernanke asserts that it was only the novel efforts of the Fed ( cooperating with other agencies and agencies of foreign governments ) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Depression ."}]}, {'value': 'PhD - Economics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chair of the Federal Reserve Bank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank', 'summary': 'A Federal Reserve Bank is a regional bank of the Federal Reserve System , the central banking system of the United States . There are twelve in total , one for each of the twelve Federal Reserve Districts that were created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 . The banks are jointly responsible for implementing the monetary policy set forth by the Federal Open Market Committee , and are divided as follows :'}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Bodman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Bodman', 'summary': 'Samuel Wright Bodman III ( November 26 , 1938 - September 7 , 2018 ) was an American politician , who was the 11th United States Secretary of Energy serving during the George W. Bush administration from 2005 to 2009 . He was also at different times the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of Commerce . In December 2004 , Bodman was nominated to replace Spencer Abraham as the Energy Secretary and was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on January 31 , 2005 . During his tenure , he oversaw the security problems at Los Alamos National Laboratory and a budget in excess of $ 23 billion and over 100,000 federal and contractor employees .'}]}, {'value': 'ScD - Chemical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Secretary of Energy ( 2005-2009 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Secretary_of_Energy', 'summary': "The United States Secretary of Energy is the head of the United States Department of Energy , a member of the Cabinet of the United States , and fifteenth in the presidential line of succession . The position was formed on October 1 , 1977 with the creation of the Department of Energy when President Jimmy Carter signed the Department of Energy Organization Act . Originally the post focused on energy production and regulation . The emphasis soon shifted to developing technology for better and more efficient energy sources as well as energy education . After the end of the Cold War , the department 's attention also turned toward radioactive waste disposal and maintenance of environmental quality . The current Secretary of Energy is Dan Brouillette . Former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger was the first Secretary of Energy , who was a Republican nominated to the post by Democratic President Jimmy Carter , the only time a president has appointed someone of another party to the post . Schlesinger is also the only secretary to be dismissed from the post . Hazel O'Leary , Bill Clinton 's first Secretary of Energy , was the first female and African-American holder . The first Hispanic to serve as Energy Secretary was Clinton 's second , Federico Peña . Spencer Abraham became the first Arab American to hold the position on January 20 , 2001 , serving under the administration of George W. Bush . Steven Chu became the first Asian American to hold the position on January 20 , 2009 , serving under the administration of Barack Obama ."}]}, {'value': 'Jun Choi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jun_Choi', 'summary': "Jun H. Choi ( born May 17 , 1971 ) is an American politician and the former Mayor of Edison , New Jersey , a community of over 100,000 people and the fifth largest municipality in the state . He was sworn in on January 1 , 2006 as the youngest mayor in Edison history and the first Asian American mayor of a major city in New Jersey . He began a good government , reform movement that led to greater fiscal responsibility , economic development , public education improvements , environmental protection and civic engagement . Prior to becoming Mayor of Edison , Choi worked in both business and government . He served as a senior official on education policy at the New Jersey Department of Education where he started the NJ SMART Program , improving public school education performance metrics for 1.4 million New Jersey children . He also served in the White House Office of Management and Budget and worked as a management consultant focusing on strategy and technology issues for Fortune 500 US corporations . In May 2011 Choi announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for New Jersey 's 7th congressional district , a seat currently held by Rep. Leonard Lance , a Republican . However , Choi put his campaign on hold after Edison was placed inside the 6th district by the new Congressional redistricting map . Choi earned a Bachelor of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a master 's degree in public policy and administration from Columbia University . Choi is also a Leadership New Jersey Fellow ( Class of 2003 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SB - Aeronautical/Astronautical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mayor of Edison , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Edison is a township in Middlesex County , New Jersey , United States , in the New York City metropolitan area . Situated in north-central New Jersey , Edison lies within the core of the Raritan Valley region . As of the 2010 United States Census , Edison had a total population of 99,967 , retaining its position as the fifth-most populous municipality in New Jersey . The 2010 population reflected an increase of 2,280 ( +2.3% ) from the 97,687 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 9,007 ( +10.2% ) from the 88,680 counted in 1990 . Edison 's population has been above the 100,000 threshold since 2010 , increasing by 0.7% to a Census-estimated 100,693 in 2018 . What is now Edison Township was originally incorporated as Raritan Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17 , 1870 , from portions of both Piscataway Township and Woodbridge Township . Portions of the township were taken to form Metuchen on March 20 , 1900 , and Highland Park on March 15 , 1905 . The name was officially changed to Edison Township on November 10 , 1954 , in honor of inventor Thomas Edison , who had his main laboratory in the Menlo Park section of the township . Edison was ranked the 28th most-livable small city in the United States by CNN Money Magazine , and second in New Jersey in 2006 in Money Magazine 's Best Places To Live . In 2008 , two years later , Money Magazine ranked the township 35th out of the top 100 places to live in the United States . In the 2006 survey of America 's Safest Cities , the township was ranked 23rd , out of 371 cities included nationwide , in the 13th annual Morgan Quitno survey . In 2009 , Edison was ranked as one of America 's 10 Best Places to Grow Up by U.S. News & World Report ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Cohen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Cohen_(civil_servant)', 'summary': 'Henry Cohen ( June 5 , 1922 - January 14 , 1999 ) was appointed in 1946 the director of Föhrenwald , the third-largest Displaced Persons camp in the American sector of post-World War II Germany . A native of New York City and a child of Jewish immigrants from Lithuania , Cohen was a graduate of City College of New York . During World War II , he served as an infantryman in the U.S. Army . He later served as research director of the New York City Planning Department and as Deputy City Administrator under Mayor Robert F. Wagner , Jr. Later , he was First Deputy Administrator of the New York Human Resources Administration under Mayor John Lindsay . After leaving the city government , Cohen became the founding Dean of the Milano School of Management , Policy , and Environment at The New School .'}]}, {'value': 'SM - Urban Planning', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Director of Föhrenwald Displaced Persons camp in the American sector of post-World War II Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Föhrenwald', 'summary': "Residents enjoyed freedom to practice their religion . A yeshiva ( rabbinic seminary and Torah academy ) was established within the camp . With the presence of Rabbi Yekusiel Yehudah Halberstam , founder of the Sanz-Klausenberg Hasidic sect , and his followers , Föhrenwald became the center for Hasidic Jewry in the American sector . Streets in Föhrenwald were typically named for American states and individuals , but these have been renamed . For example , Rooseveltstrasse is now Thomasstrasse ; Pennsylvianastrasse has become Faulhaberstrasse , etc . During the early years of the camp 's operation , residents mounted several protest campaigns against Allied policy , particularly regarding the restrictions on Jewish immigration to Mandatory Palestine . The Zionist youth movements organized communal groups called kibbutzim for training young pioneers . A number of residents who attempted clandestine immigration to Mandatory Palestine in violation of British restrictions , were apprehended by the authorities and sent back to Föhrenwald . A tuberculosis epidemic swept the camp in the summer of 1946 , prompted the establishment of a Committee of Jewish Tubercular Patients . The committee became an advocate for those residents who were unwilling or unable to leave . In 1951 , the West German government took over administration of the camp , while the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee maintained a presence there until 1954 . By that time , the remaining residents of other camps that were closed were transferred to Föhrenwald which continued in operation until 1956 ."}]}, {'value': 'Leighton I. Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leighton_I._Davis', 'summary': 'Leighton Ira Davis ( February 10 , 1910 - May 6 , 1995 ) was a Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force .'}]}, {'value': 'SM - Aeronautical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Air Force general', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'John M. Deutch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_M._Deutch', 'summary': 'John Mark Deutch ( born July 27 , 1938 ) is an American physical chemist and civil servant . He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1995 and Director of Central Intelligence ( DCI ) from May 10 , 1995 until December 15 , 1996 . He is an emeritus Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and serves on the boards of directors of Citigroup , Cummins , Raytheon , and Schlumberger Ltd. Deutch is also a member of the Trilateral Commission .'}]}, {'value': 'SB - Chemical Engineering , PhD - Chemistry', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1961 , 1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Director of Central Intelligence and United States Deputy Secretary of Defense under President Bill Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence', 'summary': 'The Director of Central Intelligence ( DCI ) was the head of the American Central Intelligence Agency from 1946 to 2005 , acting as the principal intelligence advisor to the President of the United States and the United States National Security Council , as well as the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various U.S. intelligence agencies ( collectively known as the Intelligence Community from 1981 onwards ) . The office existed from January 1946 to April 21 , 2005 . After the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act it was replaced by the Director of National Intelligence ( DNI ) as head of the Intelligence Community and the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency ( D/CIA ) as head of the CIA .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense', 'summary': 'The deputy secretary of defense ( acronym : DepSecDef ) is a statutory office ( 10 U.S.C . § 132 ) and the second-highest-ranking official in the Department of Defense of the United States of America . The deputy secretary is the principal civilian deputy to the secretary of defense , and is appointed by the president , with the advice and consent of the Senate . The deputy secretary , by statute , is designated as the DoD chief management officer and must be a civilian , at least seven years removed from service as a commissioned officer on active-duty at the date of appointment . The current deputy secretary of defense is David Norquist , effective July 31 , 2019 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Clinton', 'summary': "William Jefferson Clinton ( born William Jefferson Blythe III ; August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to his presidency , he served as governor of Arkansas ( 1979-1981 and 1983-1992 ) and as attorney general of Arkansas ( 1977-1979 ) . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was known as a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist Third Way political philosophy . He is the husband of former secretary of state and former U.S. senator Hillary Clinton . In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives , becoming the second U.S. president to get impeached following Andrew Johnson . The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky , a 22-year-old White House intern . He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office . Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University , University College , Oxford , and Yale Law School . He met Hillary Rodham at Yale and married her in 1975 . After graduating from law school , Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as the attorney general of Arkansas , serving from 1977 to 1979 . He later served as governor of Arkansas . As governor , he overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association ."}]}, {'value': 'Jimmy Doolittle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle', 'summary': 'James Harold Doolittle ( December 14 , 1896 - September 27 , 1993 ) was an American general and aviation pioneer . He made early coast-to-coast flights , won many flying races , and helped develop instrument flying . Doolittle did his undergraduate studies at University of California , Berkeley , graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1922 and earning a doctorate in aeronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925 . He was a flying instructor during World War I and a Reserve officer in the United States Army Air Corps , but he was recalled to active duty during World War II . He was awarded the Medal of Honor for personal valor and leadership as commander of the Doolittle Raid , a bold long-range retaliatory air raid on some of the Japanese main islands on April 18 , 1942 , four months after the attack on Pearl Harbor . The attack was a major morale booster for the United States , and Doolittle was celebrated as a hero . Doolittle was promoted to lieutenant general and commanded the Twelfth Air Force over North America , the Fifteenth Air Force over the Mediterranean , and the Eighth Air Force over Europe . After World War II , he retired and left the air force but remained active in many technical fields , and was eventually promoted to general 26 years after retirement .'}]}, {'value': 'SM , ScD - Aeronautical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924 , 1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Air Force general', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'Herbert W. Ehrgott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbert_W._Ehrgott', 'summary': 'Herbert William Ehrgott ( October 31 , 1904 - September 20 , 1982 ) was a Brigadier General in the United States Air Force .'}]}, {'value': 'SB - Mechanical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Air Force general', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'Luis A. Ferré', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_A._Ferré', 'summary': 'Don Luis Alberto Ferré Aguayo ( February 17 , 1904 - October 20 , 2003 ) was a Puerto Rican engineer , industrialist , politician , philanthropist , and a patron of the arts . He was Governor of Puerto Rico , serving from 1969 to 1973 . He was the founding father of the New Progressive Party , which advocates for Puerto Rico to become a state of the United States of America . He is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom .'}]}, {'value': 'SB , SM - Mechanical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924 , 1925', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd Governor of Puerto Rico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Rico', 'summary': "Puerto Rico [ a ] ( Spanish for Rich Port ; abbreviated PR ) , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( Spanish : Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , lit . Free Associated State of Puerto Rico ) [ b ] and briefly called Porto Rico , [ c ] is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea , approximately 1,000 miles ( 1,600 km ) southeast of Miami , Florida . An archipelago among the Greater Antilles , located between the Dominican Republic and the US Virgin Islands , Puerto Rico includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands , such as Mona , Culebra , and Vieques . The capital and most populous city is San Juan . The territory 's total population is approximately 3.4 million , more than 21 U.S. states . Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government , though Spanish predominates . Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people , Puerto Rico was colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 . It was contested by the French , Dutch , and British , but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries . The island 's cultural and demographic landscapes were shaped by the displacement and assimilation of the native population , the forced migration of African slaves , and settlement from the Canary Islands and Andalusia . In the Spanish Empire , Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain . Spain 's distant administrative control continued up to the end of the 19th century , producing a distinctive creole Hispanic culture and language that combined indigenous , African , and European elements . On September 23 , 1868 , Ramón Emeterio Betances unleashed a revolt against Spanish rule , declaring for the first time the idea of Puerto Ricans as a distinct people , with right to sovereignty ."}]}, {'value': 'Julius A. Furer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julius_A._Furer', 'summary': 'Julius Augustus Furer ( October 9 , 1880 - June 5 , 1963 ) was a highly decorated naval architect and an engineer in the United States Navy with the rank of Rear admiral . During World War II , Furer served as Coordinator of Research and Development and the senior member of the National Research and Development Board .'}]}, {'value': 'SM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1905', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Navy admiral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'J. Michael Gilmore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._Michael_Gilmore', 'summary': 'J. Michael Gilmore is a former Director of the Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate of the United States Department of Defense . Gilmore served as Assistant Director for National Security of the Congressional Budget Office and Deputy Director of General Purpose Programs in the Office of the Director , Program Analysis and Evaluation of the Department of Defense . He was served as the Director of the Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate from 2009 to 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'SB - Physics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Director of the Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Directorate', 'summary': 'The Director , Operational Test and Evaluation ( DOT & E ) is the principal staff assistant and adviser to the US Secretary of Defense on operational and live fire test and evaluation ( OT & E ) activities involving U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ) weapons systems .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonathan Gruber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Gruber_(economist)', 'summary': 'Jonathan Holmes Gruber ( born September 30 , 1965 ) is an American professor of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , where he has taught since 1992 . He is also the director of the Health Care Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research , where he is a research associate . An associate editor of both the Journal of Public Economics and the Journal of Health Economics , Gruber has been heavily involved in crafting public health policy . He has been described as a key architect of both the 2006 Massachusetts health care reform , sometimes referred to as Romneycare , and the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , sometimes referred to as the ACA and Obamacare . He became the focus of a media and political firestorm in late 2014 when videos surfaced in which he made controversial statements about the legislative process , marketing strategies , and public perception surrounding the passage of the ACA .'}]}, {'value': 'SB - Economics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Director of the Health Care Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research , Professor of economics at MIT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research', 'summary': "The NBER was founded in 1920 . Its first staff economist , director of research , and one of its founders was American economist Wesley Mitchell . He was succeeded by Malcolm C. Rorty in 1922 . The Russian American economist Simon Kuznets , and student of Mitchell , was working at the NBER when the U.S. government recruited him to oversee the production of the first official estimates of national income , published in 1934 . In the early 1940s , Kuznets ' work on national income became the basis of official measurements of GNP and other related indices of economic activity . The NBER is currently located in Cambridge , Massachusetts with a branch office in New York City ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Kowalski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Kowalski', 'summary': 'Frank Kowalski ( October 18 , 1907 - October 11 , 1974 ) was a career officer in the United States Army , and was a veteran of World War II and the Korean War . After retiring as a colonel , Kowalski went on to serve as a United States Representative from Connecticut . Kowalski quit school in 1924 , and enlisted in the Army . He received an appointment to West Point after a competitive examination , and graduated in 1930 . He served initially in Infantry assignments , and then received a graduate degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He conducted experiments and research with weapons and vehicles in the late 1930s , and was responsible for training soldiers and units for deployment to the North African Theater at the start of World War II . He subsequently served at Allied Headquarters in London , where he planned and oversaw the execution of plans for de-militarizing and rebuilding Germany after the war . During the Korean War , Kowalski served in Japan , and his assignments included training and equipping a Japanese internal defense force ; this force was organized as a police force rather than a military one , enabling Japan to skirt its post-World War II prohibition on training and equipping an army . After retiring from the Army in 1958 , Kowalski was a successful Democratic candidate for the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut . He served two terms , 1959 to 1963 , and was an unsuccessful United States Senate candidate in 1962 . After leaving Congress , Kowalski served on the Subversive Activities Control Board from 1963 to 1966 . Kowalski retired to Alexandria , Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'SM - Mechanical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States Representative from Connecticut', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jon C. Kreitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon_C._Kreitz', 'summary': 'Jon C. Kreitz is a Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and Deputy Director of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Navy admiral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Herbert B. Loper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbert_B._Loper', 'summary': "Herbert Bernard Loper ( 22 October 1896 - 25 August 1989 ) was a United States Army major general who helped plan the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign and the Okinawa campaign during World War II . He was chief of the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project from 1952 to 1953 , and Chairman of the Military Liaison Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission from 1954 to 1961 . A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point , he was commissioned in the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1919 . He graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas in 1940 , and became Assistant Chief , and later Chief , of the Intelligence Division at the Office of the Chief of Engineers in Washington , DC . In May 1942 , he negotiated the Loper-Hotine Agreement , under which responsibility for military mapping and survey of the globe was divided between the United States and the United Kingdom . In 1944 , he was appointed Chief Engineer of US Army Forces , Pacific Ocean Areas . In this role he was involved with the planning of the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign and the Okinawa campaign . After the fighting ended , he participated in the Occupation of Japan . Loper returned to the United States to become Chief of the Joint Photo and Survey Section of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 's Joint Intelligence Group in 1948 . The next year he was appointed as an Army member of the Military Liaison Committee of the United States Atomic Energy Commission . He wrote a report which became known as the Loper Memorandum , which was influential in the decision to develop thermonuclear weapons . He was Deputy Commander of Joint Task Force 3 , which was responsible for the conduct the Operation Greenhouse nuclear tests in the Pacific ."}]}, {'value': 'BS - Civil Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Army general', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'N. Gregory Mankiw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/N._Gregory_Mankiw', 'summary': 'Nicholas Gregory Mankiw ( /ˈmænkjuː/ ; born February 3 , 1958 ) is an American macroeconomist who is currently the Robert M. Beren Professor of Economics at Harvard University . Mankiw is best known in academia for his work on New Keynesian economics . Mankiw has written widely on economics and economic policy . As of April 2016 [ update ] , the RePEc overall ranking based on academic publications , citations , and related metrics put him as the 23rd most influential economist in the world , out of nearly 50,000 registered authors . He was the 11th most cited economist and the 9th most productive research economist as measured by the h-index . In addition , Mankiw is the author of several best-selling textbooks , writes a popular blog , and since 2007 has written a column , approximately monthly , for the Sunday business section of The New York Times . According to the Open Syllabus Project , Mankiw is the most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses . Mankiw is a conservative and has been an economic adviser to several Republican politicians . From 2003 to 2005 , Mankiw was Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President George W. Bush . In 2006 , he became an economic adviser to Mitt Romney , and worked with Romney during his presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'PhD - Economics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chairman of President Bush 's Council of Economic Advisors", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisors', 'summary': 'The Council of Economic Advisers ( CEA ) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946 , which advises the President of the United States on economic policy . The CEA provides much of the empirical research for the White House and prepares the annual Economic Report of the President .'}]}, {'value': 'Willian F. Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Flynn_Martin', 'summary': "William Flynn Martin ( born October 4 , 1950 ) is an American energy economist , educator , and international diplomat . Martin served as Special Assistant to Ronald Reagan for National Security Affairs , Executive Secretary of the United States National Security Council , and United States Deputy Secretary of Energy during the Ronald Reagan Administration . He was President of the Council of the University for Peace , appointed to the Council by Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan . In 1992 , he was Executive Director of the Republican Platform committee under George H. W. Bush . Martin was born in Tulsa , Oklahoma . He achieved his Bachelor of Science from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1972 and his Master of Science from MIT in 1974 . His master 's thesis was the basis of an article he co-authored with George Cabot Lodge in the March , 1975 Harvard Business Review entitled Our Society in 1985 : Business May Not Like It . William F. Martins official White House government National Security Council files are available in the Ronald Reagan Library archive ."}]}, {'value': 'SM - Without Course', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deputy Secretary of Energy ( 1968-1988 ) Executive Secretary of National Security Council Special Assistant to President Reagan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy', 'summary': 'The Deputy Secretary of Energy is a high-ranking position within the United States Department of Energy . The Deputy Secretary is the second-highest-ranking official of the Department and assists the Secretary of Energy in the supervision and direction of the Department . The Deputy Secretary succeeds the Secretary in his absence , sickness , or unavailability . The Deputy Secretary is appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve at the request of the President . Dan Brouillette served as Deputy Secretary from August 2017 to December 2019 . The office is currently vacant .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council', 'summary': "The White House National Security Council ( NSC ) is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for consideration of national security , military , and foreign policy matters with senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States . Since its inception under Harry S. Truman , the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies . The Council also serves as the President 's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies . The Council has counterparts in the national security councils of many other nations ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Massie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Massie', 'summary': "Thomas Harold Massie ( born January 13 , 1971 ) is an American Republican politician who has been the United States Representative for Kentucky 's 4th congressional district since 2012 . In 2012 , Massie defeated Bill Adkins in the special and general elections to represent Northern Kentucky in the House of Representatives . Before joining congress , Massie was Judge-Executive of Lewis County , Kentucky , from 2011 to 2012 . He also ran a start-up company based in Massachusetts , where he previously studied robotics at MIT . He is an engineer by practice and education . Massie has been described as a libertarian Republican and is associated with the House Liberty Caucus of Tea Party Republicans ."}]}, {'value': 'BS - Electrical Engineering , MS - Mechanical Engineering', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Member of the US House of Representatives from Kentucky 's 4th district", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress , the Senate being the upper house . Together they compose the national legislature of the United States . The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution . The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census , with each district entitled to one representative . Since its inception in 1789 , all representatives have been directly elected . The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435 . As of the 2010 Census , the largest delegation is that of California , with fifty-three representatives . Seven states have only one representative : Alaska , Delaware , Montana , North Dakota , South Dakota , Vermont , and Wyoming . The House is charged with the passage of federal legislation , known as bills , which , after concurrence by the Senate , are sent to the president for consideration . In addition to this basic power , the House has certain exclusive powers , among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue ; the impeachment of federal officers , who are sent to trial before the Senate ; and , in cases wherein no candidate receives a majority of electors for president , the duty falls upon the House to elect one of the top three recipients of electors for that office , with one vote given to each state for that purpose . The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol . The presiding officer is the speaker of the House , who is elected by the members thereof ( and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kentucky', 'summary': "Kentucky ( UK : /kɛnˈtʌki/ ken-TUK-ee , US : /kən-/ ( listen ) kən- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky , is a state located in the Southern United States . Although styled as the State of Kentucky in the law creating it , ( because in Kentucky 's first constitution , the term state was used ) , Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth ( the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts ) . Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 Kentucky split from it and became the 15th state to join the Union . Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States . Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State , a nickname based on the bluegrass , a species of grass found in many of its pastures . One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky , which houses its two largest cities , Louisville and Lexington . It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources , including the world 's longest cave system , Mammoth Cave National Park , one of the greatest lengths of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States , and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River . Kentucky is also known for horse racing , bourbon , moonshine , coal , My Old Kentucky Home historic state park , automobile manufacturing , tobacco , bluegrass music , college basketball , Kentucky Fried Chicken , and the Kentucky colonel ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Kentucky's_4th_congressional_district", 'summary': "Kentucky 's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky . Located in the northeastern portion of the state , it is a long district that follows the Ohio River . The majority of voters live in the booming suburban Cincinnati counties of Boone , Kenton and Campbell , which includes such suburbs as Fort Mitchell , Covington , Florence , Newport , and Fort Thomas . It also stretches into the eastern suburbs of Louisville ( including a small portion of Louisville itself ) and the western suburbs of Lexington . The district is currently represented by Republican Thomas Massie , who was elected in a special election in 2012 to succeed Republican Geoff Davis , who resigned on July 31 , 2012 citing family concerns ."}]}, {'value': 'Mark McClellan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_McClellan', 'summary': 'Mark Barr McClellan ( born June 26 , 1963 ) is the director of the Robert J Margolis Center for Health Policy and the Margolis Professor of Business , Medicine and Health Policy at Duke University . Formerly , he was a senior fellow and director of the Health Care Innovation and Value Initiative at the Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform at The Brookings Institution , in Washington , D.C. McClellan served as commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration under President George W. Bush from 2002 through 2004 , and subsequently as administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services from 2004 through 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'PhD - Economics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Head of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services , Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services', 'summary': "The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ( CMS ) , previously known as the Health Care Financing Administration ( HCFA ) , is a federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) that administers the Medicare program and works in partnership with state governments to administer Medicaid , the Children 's Health Insurance Program ( CHIP ) , and health insurance portability standards . In addition to these programs , CMS has other responsibilities , including the administrative simplification standards from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ( HIPAA ) , quality standards in long-term care facilities ( more commonly referred to as nursing homes ) through its survey and certification process , clinical laboratory quality standards under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments , and oversight of HealthCare.gov ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration', 'summary': 'The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA or USFDA ) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services , one of the United States federal executive departments . The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety , tobacco products , dietary supplements , prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs ( medications ) , vaccines , biopharmaceuticals , blood transfusions , medical devices , electromagnetic radiation emitting devices ( ERED ) , cosmetics , animal foods & feed and veterinary products . The FDA was empowered by the United States Congress to enforce the Federal Food , Drug , and Cosmetic Act , which serves as the primary focus for the Agency ; the FDA also enforces other laws , notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act and associated regulations , many of which are not directly related to food or drugs . These include regulating lasers , cellular phones , condoms and control of disease on products ranging from certain household pets to sperm donation for assisted reproduction . The FDA is led by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs , appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate . The Commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services . Stephen M. Hahn , MD is the acting commissioner , as of December 2019 [ update ] . The FDA has its headquarters in unincorporated White Oak , Maryland . The agency also has 223 field offices and 13 laboratories located throughout the 50 states , the United States Virgin Islands , and Puerto Rico . In 2008 , the FDA began to post employees to foreign countries , including China , India , Costa Rica , Chile , Belgium , and the United Kingdom .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Politics and public service -- United States', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_alumni_0', 'intro': 'As a celebration of the new MIT building dedicated to nanotechnology laboratories in 2018, a special silicon wafer was designed and fabricated with an image of the Great Dome. This One.MIT image is composed of more than 270,000 individual names, comprising all the students, faculty, and staff at MIT during the years 1861-2018. A special website was set up to document the creation of a large wall display in the building, and to facilitate the location of individual names in the image.'}
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The man with an SB - Physics is the former director of what ?
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Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate of the United States Department of Defense
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ff6143b3690f8585
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pac-12_Conference_national_championships', 'title': 'List of Pac-12 Conference national championships', 'header': ['Institution', 'Location', 'Nickname', 'NCAA Team Championships ( through January 15 , 2020 )'], 'data': [{'value': 'University of Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Arizona', 'summary': "The University of Arizona ( Arizona , U of A , UArizona , or UA ) is a public research university in Tucson , Arizona . Founded in 1885 , the UA was the first university in the Arizona Territory . As of 2018 [ update ] , the university enrolls 45,217 students in 19 separate colleges/schools , including the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson and Phoenix and the James E. Rogers College of Law , and is affiliated with two academic medical centers ( Banner - University Medical Center Tucson and Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix ) . The University of Arizona is governed by the Arizona Board of Regents . The University of Arizona is one of the elected members of the Association of American Universities and is the only representative from the state of Arizona to this group . Known as the Arizona Wildcats ( often shortened to Cats ) , the UA 's intercollegiate athletic teams are members of the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA . UA athletes have won national titles in several sports , most notably men 's basketball , baseball , and softball . The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are cardinal red and navy blue ."}]}, {'value': 'Tucson , Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona', 'summary': "Tucson ( /ˈtuːsɒn , tuːˈsɒn/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Pima County , Arizona , United States , and is home to the University of Arizona . The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116 , while the 2015 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) was 980,263 . The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area ( CSA ) , with a total population of 1,010,025 as of the 2010 Census . Tucson is the second most-populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix , both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor . The city is 108 miles ( 174 km ) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi ( 97 km ) north of the U.S.-Mexico border . Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 58th largest metropolitan area in the United States ( 2014 ) . Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city , Sahuarita south of the city , and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown . Communities in the vicinity of Tucson ( some within or overlapping the city limits ) include Casas Adobes , Catalina Foothills , Flowing Wells , Midvale Park , Tanque Verde , Tortolita , and Vail . Towns outside the Tucson metro area include Benson to the southeast , Catalina and Oracle to the north , and Green Valley to the south . Tucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón . It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821 . The United States acquired Tucson via treaty from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8 , 1854 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wildcats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Wildcats', 'summary': "The Arizona Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent the University of Arizona , located in Tucson . The Wildcats compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for college football ) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Arizona 's chief intercollegiate rival is the Arizona State Sun Devils , and the two universities ' athletic departments compete against each other in multiple sports via the State Farm Territorial Cup Series ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_University', 'summary': "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ."}]}, {'value': 'Tempe , Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona', 'summary': "Tempe ( /tɛmˈpiː/ tem-PEE ; Oidbaḍ in O'odham ) , is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , with the Census Bureau reporting a 2017 population of 185,038 . The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece . Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix ; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west , Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north , Chandler on the south , and Mesa on the east . Tempe is also the location of the main campus of Arizona State University ."}]}, {'value': 'Sun Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils', 'summary': "The Arizona State Sun Devils are the athletic teams that represent Arizona State University . ASU has nine men 's and eleven women 's varsity teams competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . The mascot was adopted in 1946 ; earlier nicknames were the Normals and later , the Bulldogs . The Sun Devil mascot , Sparky , was designed by former Disney illustrator Bert Anthony . ASU 's chief rival is the University of Arizona Wildcats , and both universities ' athletics departments compete against each other in the Territorial Cup Series ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California , Berkeley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley', 'summary': 'The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Berkeley , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berkeley,_California', 'summary': 'Berkeley ( /ˈbɜːrkli/ BURK-lee ) is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County , California . It is named after the 18th-century Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley . It borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north . Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills . The 2010 census recorded a population of 112,580 . Berkeley is home to the oldest campus in the University of California system , the University of California , Berkeley , and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , which is managed and operated by the University . It also has the Graduate Theological Union , one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world . Berkeley is considered one of the most socially liberal cities in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Golden Bears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Golden_Bears', 'summary': "The California Golden Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of California , Berkeley . Referred to in athletic competition as California or Cal , the university fields 30 varsity athletic programs and various club teams in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I primarily as a member of the Pac-12 Conference , and for a limited number of sports as a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) . Over the course of the school 's history , California has won team national titles in 13 men 's and 3 women 's sports and 107 team titles overall . Cal athletes have also competed in the Olympics for a host of different countries . Notable facilities used by the Bears include California Memorial Stadium ( football ) and Haas Pavilion ( basketball and other indoor sports ) . Cal finished the 2010-11 athletic season with 1,219.50 points , earning third place in the Director 's Cup standings , the Golden Bears ' highest finish ever . Cal did not receive any points for its national championships in rugby and men 's crew because those sports are not governed by the NCAA . Cal finished 12th in the 2014-15 standings . In 2014 , Cal instituted a strict academic standard for an athlete 's admission to the university . By the 2017 academic year 80 percent of incoming student athletes were required to comply with the University of California general student requirement of having a 3.0 or higher high school grade point average . California 's nickname originated in 1895 during California 's dominant track and field team 's tour of Midwest and Eastern universities . A blue silk banner with the golden grizzly bear , the state symbol , was displayed by the team during that tour ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California , Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UCLA_Bruins', 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California , Los Angeles . The Bruin men 's and women 's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Pac-12 Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation ( MPSF ) . For football , they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I ( formerly Division I-A ) . UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 119 NCAA team championships . UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women ."}]}, {'value': '118', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Colorado Boulder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder', 'summary': "The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Boulder , Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado', 'summary': "Boulder ( /ˈboʊldər/ ) is the home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Boulder County , Colorado , United States . It is the state 's 11th-most-populous municipality ; Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,430 feet ( 1,655 m ) above sea level . The city is 25 miles ( 40 km ) northwest of Denver . The population of the City of Boulder was 97,385 people at the 2010 U.S. Census , while the population of the Boulder , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area was 294,567 . Boulder is known for its association with gold seekers and for being the home of the main campus of the University of Colorado , the state 's largest university . The city frequently receives high rankings in art , health , well-being , quality of life , and education ."}]}, {'value': 'Buffaloes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Buffaloes', 'summary': "The Colorado Buffaloes are the athletic teams that represent the University of Colorado Boulder . The university sponsors 17 varsity sports teams . Both the men 's and women 's teams are called the Buffaloes ( Buffs for short ) or , rarely , the Golden Buffaloes . Lady Buffs referred to the women 's teams beginning in the 1970s , but was officially dropped in 1993 . The nickname was selected by the campus newspaper in a contest with a $ 5 prize in 1934 won by Andrew Dickson of Boulder . The university participates as a member of the Pac-12 Conference at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) level . Rick George was announced as the sixth athletic director in program history on July 17 , 2013 , following the resignation of Mike Bohn , and after an interim appointment by former Women 's Basketball Head Coach and current senior associate athletic director and senior women 's administrator Ceal Barry . Colorado has won 28 national championships in its history , with 20 in skiing , including 2015 . It was ranked # 14 of America 's Best Sports College in a 2002 analysis performed by Sports Illustrated . The University has no men 's baseball , tennis , soccer , lacrosse , or volleyball programs ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Oregon', 'summary': "The University of Oregon ( also referred to as UO , U of O or Oregon ) is a public flagship research university in Eugene , Oregon . Founded in 1876 , the institution 's 295-acre campus is along the Willamette River . Since July 2014 , UO has been governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon . The university has a Carnegie Classification of highest research activity and has 19 research centers and institutes . UO was admitted to the Association of American Universities in 1969 . The University of Oregon is organized into five colleges ( Arts and Sciences , Business , Design , Education , and Honors ) and seven professional schools ( Accounting , Architecture and Environment , Art and Design , Journalism and Communication , Law , Music and Dance , and Planning , Public Policy and Management ) and a graduate school . Furthermore , UO offers 316 undergraduate and graduate degree programs . Most academic programs follow the 10 week Quarter System . UO student-athletes compete as the Ducks and are part of the Pac-12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . With eighteen varsity teams , the Oregon Ducks are best known for their football team and track and field program ."}]}, {'value': 'Eugene , Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon', 'summary': "Eugene ( /juːˈdʒiːn/ yoo-JEEN ) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon , in the Pacific Northwest . It is at the southern end of the verdant Willamette Valley , near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette Rivers , about 50 miles ( 80 km ) east of the Oregon Coast . As of the 2010 census , Eugene had a population of 156,185 ; it is the county seat of Lane County and the state 's third most populous city after Portland and Salem , though recent state estimates suggest its population may have surpassed Salem 's . The Eugene-Springfield , Oregon metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) is the 146th largest metropolitan statistical area in the US and the third-largest in the state , behind the Portland Metropolitan Area and the Salem Metropolitan Area . The city 's population for 2018 was estimated to be 171,245 by the US Census . Eugene is home to the University of Oregon , Northwest Christian University , and Lane Community College . The city is also noted for its natural environment , recreational opportunities ( especially bicycling , running/jogging , rafting , and kayaking ) , and focus on the arts . Eugene 's official slogan is A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors . It is also referred to as the Emerald City and as Track Town , USA . The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene . In 2021 , the city will host the 18th Track and Field World Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Ducks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon_Ducks', 'summary': "The Oregon Ducks are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Oregon , located in Eugene . The Ducks compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . With eighteen varsity teams , Oregon is best known for its American football team and track and field program , which has helped Eugene gain a reputation as Track Town , USA . Oregon 's main rivalries are with the Oregon State Beavers ( the Civil War ) and the Washington Huskies , though they also have a major rivalry with the Washington State Cougars ."}]}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oregon State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon_State_University', 'summary': "Oregon State University ( OSU ) is a public flagship research university in Corvallis , Oregon . The university offers more than 200 undergraduate degree programs along with a variety of graduate and doctoral degrees . With a student enrollment approaching 32,000 , it is Oregon 's largest university . More than 230,000 students have graduated from OSU since its founding . The Carnegie Foundation designates Oregon State University as a Community Engagement university and classifies it as a doctoral university with a status of Highest research activity . OSU is one of 73 land-grant universities in the United States . The school is also a sea-grant , space-grant , and sun-grant institution , making it one of only four U.S. institutions to obtain all four designations . ( University of Hawaii at Manoa , Cornell University and Pennsylvania State University are the only others with similar designation . ) OSU received $ 441 million in research funding for the 2017 fiscal year ."}]}, {'value': 'Corvallis , Oregon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon', 'summary': 'Corvallis /kɔːrˈvælɪs/ is a city in central western Oregon , United States . It is the county seat of Benton County and the principal city of the Corvallis , Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses all of Benton County . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 54,462 . Its population was estimated by the Portland Research Center to be 58,641 in 2018 . Corvallis is the location of Oregon State University and Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center .'}]}, {'value': 'Beavers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oregon_State_Beavers', 'summary': "The Oregon State Beavers are the athletic teams that represent Oregon State University , located in Corvallis , Oregon . The Beavers compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for college football ) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Oregon State 's mascot is Benny the Beaver . Both the men 's and women 's teams share the name , competing in 7 NCAA Division I men 's sports and 10 NCAA Division I women 's sports respectively . The official colors for the athletics department are Beaver Orange ( Pantone 165 ) , black , and white . The primary rivals of the Beavers are the Oregon Ducks of the University of Oregon , located 45 miles ( 72 km ) south of the Oregon State campus in Eugene , Oregon . The football rivalry between the Beavers and Ducks , known as the Civil War , is one of the longest-running in the country , having been contested 121 times as of the end of the 2017 season . Other regional rivals include the Washington Huskies and Washington State Cougars . As of June 2018 , the Beavers have won one pre-NCAA team national championship and four NCAA team national championships . The 1926 wrestling team won the Amateur Athletic Association national championship , the 1961 men 's Cross-country team won the NCAA title , and most recently the baseball team won the 2006 , 2007 College World Series and 2018 College World Series . Other notable performances include a second-place finish in the 1973 and 1995 NCAA wrestling finals , two Final Four appearances by the men 's basketball team , one Final Four appearance by the women 's basketball team , the football team defeating Notre Dame by a 32-point margin in the 2001 Fiesta Bowl ( and finishing the season ranked # 4 in the polls ) , seven appearances in the College World Series by the baseball program , and several individual NCAA championship titles in gymnastics , wrestling , and track & field ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Southern California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Southern_California', 'summary': "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': 'Trojans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/USC_Trojans', 'summary': "The USC Trojans are the athletic teams that represent the University of Southern California ( USC ) , located in Los Angeles , California . While the men 's teams are nicknamed the Trojans , the women 's athletic teams are referred to as either the Trojans or Women of Troy ( the university officially approves both terms ) . The program participates in the Pac-12 Conference and has won 130 team national championships , 107 of which are National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) national championships . USC 's official colors are cardinal and gold . The Trojans have a cross-town rivalry with UCLA . However , USC 's rivalry with Notre Dame predates the UCLA rivalry by three years . The Notre Dame rivalry stems mainly from the annual football game played between these two universities and is considered the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football ."}]}, {'value': '107', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanford University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_University', 'summary': "Stanford University , officially Leland Stanford Junior University , is a private research university in Stanford , California . Stanford is known for its academic achievements , wealth , close proximity to Silicon Valley , and selectivity ; it ranks as one of the world 's top universities . The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child , Leland Stanford Jr. , who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year . Stanford was a U.S . Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon . The school admitted its first students on October 1 , 1891 , as a coeducational and non-denominational institution . Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Following World War II , Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates ' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley . The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country , becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year . The university is organized around three traditional schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate and graduate level and four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law , medicine , education , and business . Students compete in 36 varsity sports , and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference . It has gained 126 NCAA team championships , and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors ' Cup for 24 consecutive years , beginning in 1994-1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'Stanford , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford,_California', 'summary': 'Stanford is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County , California , United States and is the home of Stanford University . The population was 13,809 at the 2010 census , with a daily population of 35,000 . Stanford is an unincorporated area of Santa Clara County and is adjacent to the city of Palo Alto . A popular landmark is the Dish in the Stanford foothills . Most of the Stanford University campus and other core University owned land is situated within the census-designated place of Stanford though the Stanford University Medical Center , the Stanford Shopping Center , and the Stanford Research Park are officially part of the city of Palo Alto . Its resident population consists of the inhabitants of on-campus housing , including graduate student residences and single-family homes and condominiums owned by their faculty inhabitants but located on leased Stanford land . A residential neighborhood adjacent to the Stanford campus , College Terrace , featuring streets named after universities and colleges , including Cambridge , Oxford , Harvard and Yale , is neither part of the Stanford CDP nor owned by the University but is part of Palo Alto .'}]}, {'value': 'Cardinal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal', 'summary': "The Stanford Cardinal are the athletic teams that represent Stanford University . As of December 22 , 2019 , Stanford 's program has won 126 NCAA team championships , as well as 25 consecutive NACDA Directors ' Cups , awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation . As of February 15 , 2019 , Stanford-affiliated athletes have won 270 Olympic medals . Stanford 's teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for college football ) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference , along with other schools from the western third of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '126', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Utah', 'summary': "The University of Utah ( U of U , UofU , or simply The U ) is a public research university in Salt Lake City , Utah . As the state 's flagship university , it offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs . The university is classified among Doctoral Universities - Very High Research Activity with selective , higher transfer-in admissions . Graduate studies include the S.J . Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah 's first medical school . As of Fall 2018 , there were 24,735 undergraduate students and 8,251 graduate students , for an enrollment total of 32,994 . The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret ( /ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ( listen ) ) by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , making it Utah 's oldest institution of higher education . It received its current name in 1892 , four years before Utah attained statehood , and moved to its current location in 1900 . The university ranks 61st among U.S. universities by total research expenditures with over $ 380 million spent in 2017 . 22 Rhodes Scholars , four Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners , eight MacArthur Fellows , various Pulitzer Prize winners , two astronauts , Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . In addition , the university 's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S . The university 's athletic teams , the Utes , participate in NCAA Division I athletics ( FBS for football ) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Salt Lake City , Utah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salt_Lake_City', 'summary': "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah , as well as the seat of Salt Lake County , the most populous county in Utah . With an estimated population of 200,591 in 2018 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,222,540 ( 2018 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area , a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a 120-mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,606,548 ( as of 2018 estimates ) . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin . The world headquarters of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) is located in Salt Lake City . The city was founded in 1847 by followers of the church , led by Brigham Young , who were seeking to escape persecution that they had experienced while living farther east . The Mormon pioneers , as they would come to be known , entered an arid valley and immediately began building , planning , and extending an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth . Salt Lake City 's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan , with the Salt Lake Temple at the origin . Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake , the city was named Great Salt Lake City . In 1868 , the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature dropped the word Great from the city 's name . Immigration of international members of the church , mining booms , and the construction of the first transcontinental railroad initially brought economic growth , and the city was nicknamed the Crossroads of the West . It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway , the first transcontinental highway , in 1913 ."}]}, {'value': 'Utes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_Utes', 'summary': "The Utah Utes are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent the University of Utah , located in Salt Lake City . They are named after the Ute tribe of Native Americans . The men 's basketball team is known as the Runnin ' Utes ; the women 's gymnastics team is known as the Red Rocks . Currently Utah competes in the Pac-12 Conference , after it was announced on June 17 , 2010 , that the Utes would join the conference in all sports , beginning in the 2011-2012 academic year . They are the third Pac-12 member to have previously spent time in the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) , joining old conference rivals Arizona and Arizona State . They are also the first school to leave the Mountain West Conference ( MW ) since it was formed in 1999 . Utah offers a total of 19 varsity sports - seven for men , 11 for women , and one coeducational . Baseball , football , golf , and lacrosse are sponsored for men only . Beach volleyball , cross country , gymnastics , indoor track & field , indoor volleyball , outdoor track & field , soccer , and softball are sponsored for women only . Basketball , swimming & diving , and tennis are sponsored for both sexes . The coeducational sport is skiing ; while schools have separate men 's and women 's squads , the NCAA awards a single national team championship . Utah 's newest varsity sport is men 's lacrosse , which will play its first season in 2019 ( 2018-19 school year ) ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Washington', 'summary': "The University of Washington ( UW , simply Washington , or informally U-Dub ) is a public research university in Seattle , Washington . Founded in 1861 , Washington was first established in downtown Seattle approximately a decade after the city 's founding to aid its economic development . Today , the university 's 703-acre main Seattle campus is in the University District above the Montlake Cut , within the urban Puget Sound region of the Pacific Northwest . The university has additional campuses in Tacoma and Bothell . Overall , UW encompasses over 500 buildings and over 20 million gross square footage of space , including one of the largest library systems in the world with over 26 university libraries , as well as the UW Tower , lecture halls , art centers , museums , laboratories , stadiums , and conference centers . The university offers bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees through 140 departments in various colleges and schools , sees about 46,000 in total student enrollment every year , and functions on a quarter system . Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities and classified as an R1 Doctoral Research University classification under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . It is cited as a leading university in the world for scientific performance and research output by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the CWTS Leiden Ranking . In the 2015 fiscal year , the UW received nearly $ 1.2 billion in research funding , the 3rd largest among all universities in the United States . As the flagship institution of the six public universities in Washington State , it is known for its research in medicine , science , as well as its highly-competitive computer science and engineering programs . Additionally , Washington continues to benefit from its deep historical ties and major collaborations with numerous technology giants in the region , such as Amazon , Boeing , Nintendo , and particularly Microsoft . Paul G. Allen , Bill Gates and others spent significant time at Washington computer labs for a startup venture before founding Microsoft ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle', 'summary': "Seattle ( /siˈætəl/ ( listen ) see-AT-əl ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States . It is the seat of King County , Washington . With an estimated 744,955 residents as of 2018 [ update ] , Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America . According to U.S. Census data released in 2018 , the Seattle metropolitan area 's population stands at 3.94 million , and ranks as the 15th largest in the United States . In July 2013 , it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1% . In July 2016 , Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city , with a 3.1% annual growth rate . Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States . The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound ( an inlet of the Pacific Ocean ) and Lake Washington , about 100 miles ( 160 km ) south of the Canada-United States border . A major gateway for trade with Asia , Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015 [ update ] . The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers . Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers , subsequently known as the Denny Party , arrived from Illinois via Portland , Oregon , on the schooner Exact at Alki Point on November 13 , 1851 . The settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852 , in honor of Chief Si'ahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes ."}]}, {'value': 'Huskies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Huskies', 'summary': "The Washington Huskies are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Washington , located in Seattle . The school is a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Washington students , sports teams , and alumni are called Huskies . The husky was selected as the school mascot by student committee in 1923 . It replaced the Sun Dodger , an abstract reference to the local weather that was quickly dropped in favor of something more tangible . The costumed Harry the Husky performs at sporting and special events , and a live Alaskan Malamute , currently named Dubs II , has traditionally led the football team onto the field at the start of games . The school colors of purple and gold were adopted in 1892 by student vote . The choice was purportedly inspired by the first stanza of Lord Byron 's The Destruction of Sennacherib Among its facilities on campus are Husky Stadium ( football ) , Hec Edmundson Pavilion ( basketball , gymnastics and volleyball ) , Husky Ballpark ( baseball ) , Husky Softball Stadium ( softball ) , the Nordstrom Tennis Center , the Dempsey Indoor practice facility , and the Conibear Shellhouse ( rowing ) . Recently added was the Husky Track located just north of the Husky Ballpark . The golf team 's home course is at the Washington National Golf Club in Auburn . With most on-campus facilities located on or near Montlake Boulevard in Seattle , Montlake is used as a metonym for the athletic department and its teams ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_State_University', 'summary': "Washington State University ( Washington State , WSU , or Wazzu ) is a public research university in Pullman , Washington . Founded in 1890 , WSU is one of the oldest land-grant universities in the American West . With an undergraduate enrollment of 24,470 and a total enrollment of 29,686 , it is the second largest institution for higher education in Washington state behind the University of Washington . The WSU Pullman campus is perched upon a hill , characterized by open spaces , views , deep green conifers , and a restrained red brick and basalt material palette - materials originally found on site . The university is nestled within the rolling topography of the Palouse in rural eastern Washington and remains intimately connected to the town , the region , and the landscape in which it sits . The university also operates campuses across Washington known as WSU Spokane , WSU Tri-Cities , and WSU Vancouver , all founded in 1989 . In 2012 , WSU launched an Internet-based Global Campus , which includes its online degree program , WSU Online . In 2015 , WSU expanded to a sixth campus , known as WSU Everett . These campuses award primarily bachelor 's and master 's degrees . Freshmen and sophomores were first admitted to the Vancouver campus in 2006 and to the Tri-Cities campus in 2007 . Enrollment for the four campuses and WSU Online exceeds 29,686 students . This includes 1,751 international students ."}]}, {'value': 'Pullman , Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pullman,_Washington', 'summary': 'Pullman ( /ˈpʊlmən/ ) is the largest city in Whitman County , located in southeastern Washington state within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest . The population was 29,799 at the 2010 census , and estimated to have reached 34,019 in 2018 . Originally incorporated as Three Forks , the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman . Pullman is noted as a vastly fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes . It is home to Washington State University , a public research land-grant university , and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories . Pullman is eight miles ( 13 km ) from Moscow , Idaho , home to the University of Idaho , and is served by the Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport . In 2011 , Bloomberg Businessweek selected Pullman as the Best Place to Raise Kids in Washington . Factors included affordability , safety , a family-friendly lifestyle , the quality of Pullman High School , the presence of Washington State University , and the natural environment of the area .'}]}, {'value': 'Cougars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_State_Cougars', 'summary': "The Washington State Cougars are the athletic teams that represent Washington State University . Located in Pullman , Washington , WSU is a member of the Pac-12 Conference in NCAA Division I . The athletic program comprises ten women 's sports and six men 's intercollegiate sports , and also offers various intramural sports ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current members', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Pacific-12_Conference_national_championships_0', 'intro': "The following is a list of current Pac-12 Conference members' NCAA and AIAW championships. The Pac-12 was the first conference to win 500 team titles & currently (As of January 15, 2020) Pac-12 members have won 529 NCAA national championships, which is 238 more than the next closest conference, The Big Ten. Since the 1999-2000 academic year, the Pac-12 claims a total of 202 NCAA team titles, including 3 by 1 schools in 2019-2020. They have also led or tied the nation in NCAA Championships in 53 of the last 56 years, including the past 14 years, the only exceptions being in 1980-81, 1988-89, 1990-91 and 1995-96 when the conference finished second, and finished third in 1998-99 and 2004-2005. This list also includes championships won by current Pac-12 schools while members of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC), a closely related league that was formed in 1916 and disbanded in 1959. Although the current charter of what is now known as the Pac-12 dates only to the formation of the Athletic Association of Western Universities immediately after the demise of the PCC, the Pac-12 claims the PCC's history as its own. There is considerable continuity between the PCC and Pac-12 - eight of the nine final members of the PCC (all except Idaho) are now Pac-12 members; five of these schools had founded the AAWU, and all eight had joined the AAWU by the 1964-65 school year."}
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Which Washington state college was founded first ?
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University of Washington
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_annual_runs_scored_leaders', 'title': 'List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders', 'header': ['Year', 'Player', 'Team ( s )', 'Runs'], 'data': [{'value': '1876', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ross Barnes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ross_Barnes', 'summary': "Charles Roscoe Barnes ( May 8 , 1850 - February 5 , 1915 ) was one of the stars of baseball 's National Association ( 1871-75 ) and the early National League ( 1876-81 ) , playing second base and shortstop . He played for the dominant Boston Red Stockings teams of the early 1870s , along with Albert Spalding , Cal McVey , George Wright , Harry Wright , Jim O'Rourke , and Deacon White . Despite playing for these star-studded teams , many claim that Ross was the most valuable to his teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '126', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1877', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Jim O'Rourke", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Jim_O'Rourke_(baseball)", 'summary': "James Henry O'Rourke ( September 1 , 1850 - January 8 , 1919 ) , nicknamed Orator Jim , was an American professional baseball player in the National Association and Major League Baseball who played primarily as a left fielder . For the period 1876-1892 , he ranks behind only Cap Anson in career major league games played ( 1644 ) , hits ( 2146 ) , at-bats ( 6884 ) , doubles ( 392 ) and total bases ( 2936 ) , and behind only Harry Stovey in runs scored ( 1370 ) ( Stovey was a younger player ; Anson played five seasons and O'Rourke four prior to 1876 . ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Red Caps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Red_Caps', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1878', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Higham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Higham', 'summary': 'Richard Higham ( July 24 , 1851 - March 18 , 1905 ) was an American professional baseball player born in Ipswich , Suffolk , England . However , he is best known as the only umpire to be banned from baseball .'}]}, {'value': 'Providence Grays', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Providence_Grays', 'summary': 'The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team based in Providence , Rhode Island who played in the National League from 1878 until 1885 . The Grays played at the Messer Street Grounds in the Olneyville neighborhood . The team won the National League title twice , in 1879 and 1884 . Following the 1884 season , they won the first World Series over the New York Metropolitans of the American Association . The team folded after the 1885 season .'}]}, {'value': '60', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charley Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charley_Jones', 'summary': 'Charles Wesley Jones ( born Benjamin Wesley Rippay on April 30 , 1852 - June 6 , 1911 ) was an American left fielder in the National Association and Major League Baseball who hit 56 home runs and batted .298 during his twelve-year career . He was born in Alamance County , North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Red Caps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Red_Caps', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': '85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1880', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abner Dalrymple', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abner_Dalrymple', 'summary': "Abner Frank Dalrymple ( September 9 , 1857 - January 25 , 1939 ) was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball who hit 43 home runs ( including 22 in 1884 , the second-highest total to that date ) and batted .288 with 407 RBI during his 12-season career spent primarily with the Chicago White Stockings . Born in Gratiot , Wisconsin , he played for the Milwaukee Grays , White Stockings , Pittsburgh Alleghenys , and Milwaukee Brewers . Dalrymple started his major league career in 1878 with the National League 's Milwaukee Grays , and that season , he had a career-high .354 batting average . He spent the next eight seasons with the Chicago White Stockings , for whom he starred as the leadoff hitter on five NL pennant winners . In 1880 , Dalrymple led the league in hits ( 126 ) and runs scored ( 91 ) . In 1881 , he became the first batter known to be given an intentional walk with the bases loaded . He hit four doubles in a game in 1883 , which still ties him for the major league record . In 1884 , aided by the short right field fence at his home park , Dalrymple hit a career-high 22 home runs and moved into sixth place on the all-time home run list . On the strength of 11 home runs for the 1885 champions , he moved up one place . For the remainder of his career , he hit only six home runs . His hitting declined in 1886 , and his major league career ended five years later . Dalrymple died in Warren , Illinois at age 81 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '91', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1881', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Gore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Gore', 'summary': "George F. Gore ( May 3 , 1854 - September 16 , 1933 ) , nicknamed Piano Legs , was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball who played for 14 seasons , eight for the Chicago White Stockings , five for the New York Giants , one for the St. Louis Browns ( 1892 ) of the National League ( NL ) , and the New York Giants of the Players ' League ( 1890 ) . Born in Saccarappa , Maine , Gore led the NL in several seasonal offensive categories . He won his only batting title in 1880 while playing for Chicago , along with league leading totals in on-base percentage and slugging percentage . He also led the league twice in runs scored , bases on balls three times , and games played by a center fielder once . Gore was also the all-time leader for most errors by major league outfielder upon his retirement with 368 total , including a record 346 errors in the National League , records he still holds today . ( He made 217 errors for Chicago ; 122 for New York ; and seven for St. Louis , all National League teams ; and 22 for the New York Giants of the Players ' League . ) Gore played for many successful teams throughout his career . During his eight seasons with the White Stockings , they won the league title five times , including appearances in two World Series . Chicago played the St. Louis Browns in both 1885 , which ended in a series tie , and 1886 , with St. Louis winning the championship . He was also a member of the New York Giants ' two National League championship teams in 1888 and 1889 . Both Giants teams went on to claim World Series victories , against the St. Louis Browns in 1888 , and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in 1889 . Twice he set single-game records , one for stealing seven bases , and the other for collecting five extra-base hits ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '86', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1882', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Gore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Gore', 'summary': "George F. Gore ( May 3 , 1854 - September 16 , 1933 ) , nicknamed Piano Legs , was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball who played for 14 seasons , eight for the Chicago White Stockings , five for the New York Giants , one for the St. Louis Browns ( 1892 ) of the National League ( NL ) , and the New York Giants of the Players ' League ( 1890 ) . Born in Saccarappa , Maine , Gore led the NL in several seasonal offensive categories . He won his only batting title in 1880 while playing for Chicago , along with league leading totals in on-base percentage and slugging percentage . He also led the league twice in runs scored , bases on balls three times , and games played by a center fielder once . Gore was also the all-time leader for most errors by major league outfielder upon his retirement with 368 total , including a record 346 errors in the National League , records he still holds today . ( He made 217 errors for Chicago ; 122 for New York ; and seven for St. Louis , all National League teams ; and 22 for the New York Giants of the Players ' League . ) Gore played for many successful teams throughout his career . During his eight seasons with the White Stockings , they won the league title five times , including appearances in two World Series . Chicago played the St. Louis Browns in both 1885 , which ended in a series tie , and 1886 , with St. Louis winning the championship . He was also a member of the New York Giants ' two National League championship teams in 1888 and 1889 . Both Giants teams went on to claim World Series victories , against the St. Louis Browns in 1888 , and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms in 1889 . Twice he set single-game records , one for stealing seven bases , and the other for collecting five extra-base hits ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '99', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1883', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Hornung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Hornung', 'summary': "Michael Joseph Hornung ( June 12 , 1857 - October 30 , 1931 ) was an American baseball player and one of the greatest fielders of the 19th century . [ citation needed ] Michael Joseph Hornung was born in Carthage , New York in 1857 . Prior to starting his career in Major League Baseball in 1879 with the Buffalo Bisons , Hornung played for the 1877 and 1878 London Tecumsehs in London , Ontario , Canada , winning the International Association title in 1877 . Hornung ended his major league baseball career in 1890 with the New York Giants , but he spent most of his career ( 1881-1888 ) with the Boston Red Caps/Beaneaters . He also spent one season ( 1889 ) in the now-defunct American Association . After umpiring for a few seasons in the minor leagues he took on the roll of player / manager for the Batavia Giants franchise on May 25 , 1897 , making his playing debut on June 14th at the age of 40 , he went hitless . He was remarkable for his nearly flawless play in left fieldand also known for his peculiar habit of shouting ubbo ubbo whenever he got a hit or made a good fielding play . Due to this peculiarity , Ubbo Ubbo became Hornung 's nickname . In addition to being an exceptional fielder , Hornung was also a fast baserunner , stealing 39 bases in his final season , and was a fair hitter , batting .302 in 1882 . He led all National League outfielders in fielding percentage in 1881 , 1882 , 1883 and 1886 , fielding as high as .948 , a very high mark for a time in which most players ( including Hornung ) , did n't wear gloves in the field . Hornung died in 1931 in Howard Beach , New York ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston Beaneaters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Beaneaters', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': '107', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1884', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Kelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Kelly', 'summary': "Michael Joseph King Kelly ( December 31 , 1857 - November 8 , 1894 ) , also commonly known as $ 10,000 Kelly , was an American outfielder , catcher , and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League , International Association , Players ' League , and the American Association . He spent the majority of his 16-season playing career with the Chicago White Stockings and the Boston Beaneaters . Kelly was a player-manager three times in his career - in 1887 for the Beaneaters , in 1890 leading the Boston Reds to the pennant in the only season of the Players ' League 's existence , and in 1891 for the Cincinnati Kelly 's Killers - before his retirement in 1893 . He is also often credited with helping to popularize various strategies as a player such as the hit and run , the hook slide , and the catcher 's practice of backing up first base . In only the second vote since its creation in 1939 , the Old Timers Committee ( now the Veterans ' Committee ) elected Kelly to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 . In concluding where to truly give Kelly credit as an innovator , a 2004 book devoted to 19th-century rule bending in baseball - and which came close to exhaustively accounting for all contemporary reporting on various subjects - placed stress on the following : Kelly 's hook slide does sound special , and players probably tried to copy it . Also , he seems to have been the first big leaguer to successfully cut a base ( when the usually lone umpire was n't looking ) , at least according to the newspaper record . And , Kelly could have been the first to foul off lots of pitches on purpose . Doing so was a top trick of some Baltimore players of the 1890s . At the turn of the century , that trick was defused when all foul balls began counting as strikes . Kelly 's autobiography Play Ball was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888 , the first autobiography by a baseball player ; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer John J. Jack Drohan . Kelly also became a vaudeville performer during his playing career , first performing in Boston where he would recite the now-famous baseball poem Casey at the Bat , sometimes butchering it ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '120', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Kelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Kelly', 'summary': "Michael Joseph King Kelly ( December 31 , 1857 - November 8 , 1894 ) , also commonly known as $ 10,000 Kelly , was an American outfielder , catcher , and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League , International Association , Players ' League , and the American Association . He spent the majority of his 16-season playing career with the Chicago White Stockings and the Boston Beaneaters . Kelly was a player-manager three times in his career - in 1887 for the Beaneaters , in 1890 leading the Boston Reds to the pennant in the only season of the Players ' League 's existence , and in 1891 for the Cincinnati Kelly 's Killers - before his retirement in 1893 . He is also often credited with helping to popularize various strategies as a player such as the hit and run , the hook slide , and the catcher 's practice of backing up first base . In only the second vote since its creation in 1939 , the Old Timers Committee ( now the Veterans ' Committee ) elected Kelly to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 . In concluding where to truly give Kelly credit as an innovator , a 2004 book devoted to 19th-century rule bending in baseball - and which came close to exhaustively accounting for all contemporary reporting on various subjects - placed stress on the following : Kelly 's hook slide does sound special , and players probably tried to copy it . Also , he seems to have been the first big leaguer to successfully cut a base ( when the usually lone umpire was n't looking ) , at least according to the newspaper record . And , Kelly could have been the first to foul off lots of pitches on purpose . Doing so was a top trick of some Baltimore players of the 1890s . At the turn of the century , that trick was defused when all foul balls began counting as strikes . Kelly 's autobiography Play Ball was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888 , the first autobiography by a baseball player ; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer John J. Jack Drohan . Kelly also became a vaudeville performer during his playing career , first performing in Boston where he would recite the now-famous baseball poem Casey at the Bat , sometimes butchering it ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '124', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1886', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Kelly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Kelly', 'summary': "Michael Joseph King Kelly ( December 31 , 1857 - November 8 , 1894 ) , also commonly known as $ 10,000 Kelly , was an American outfielder , catcher , and manager in various professional American baseball leagues including the National League , International Association , Players ' League , and the American Association . He spent the majority of his 16-season playing career with the Chicago White Stockings and the Boston Beaneaters . Kelly was a player-manager three times in his career - in 1887 for the Beaneaters , in 1890 leading the Boston Reds to the pennant in the only season of the Players ' League 's existence , and in 1891 for the Cincinnati Kelly 's Killers - before his retirement in 1893 . He is also often credited with helping to popularize various strategies as a player such as the hit and run , the hook slide , and the catcher 's practice of backing up first base . In only the second vote since its creation in 1939 , the Old Timers Committee ( now the Veterans ' Committee ) elected Kelly to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 . In concluding where to truly give Kelly credit as an innovator , a 2004 book devoted to 19th-century rule bending in baseball - and which came close to exhaustively accounting for all contemporary reporting on various subjects - placed stress on the following : Kelly 's hook slide does sound special , and players probably tried to copy it . Also , he seems to have been the first big leaguer to successfully cut a base ( when the usually lone umpire was n't looking ) , at least according to the newspaper record . And , Kelly could have been the first to foul off lots of pitches on purpose . Doing so was a top trick of some Baltimore players of the 1890s . At the turn of the century , that trick was defused when all foul balls began counting as strikes . Kelly 's autobiography Play Ball was published while he was with the Beaneaters in 1888 , the first autobiography by a baseball player ; it was ghostwritten by Boston baseball writer John J. Jack Drohan . Kelly also became a vaudeville performer during his playing career , first performing in Boston where he would recite the now-famous baseball poem Casey at the Bat , sometimes butchering it ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago White Stockings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_White_Stockings_(1870–89)', 'summary': 'The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball , a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings . The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876 . They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America . In their history , they have also been known as the White Stockings , Orphans , and Colts .'}]}, {'value': '155', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1887', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dan Brouthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dan_Brouthers', 'summary': "Dennis Joseph Dan Brouthers ( /ˈbruːθərz/ ; May 8 , 1858 - August 2 , 1932 ) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball whose career spanned the period from 1879 to 1896 , with a brief return in 1904 . Nicknamed Big Dan for his size , he was 6 feet 2 inches ( 1.88 m ) and weighed 207 pounds ( 94 kg ) , which was large by 19th-century standards . Recognized as the first great slugger in baseball history , and among the greatest sluggers of his era , he held the record for career home runs from 1887 to 1889 , with his final total of 106 tying for the fourth most of the 19th century . His career slugging percentage of .519 remained the Major League record for a player with at least 4,000 at bats until Ty Cobb edged ahead of him in 1922 . At the time of his initial retirement , he also ranked second in career triples ( 205 ) , and third in runs batted in ( 1,296 ) and hits . A dominant hitter during the prime of his career , he led ( or was in the top of ) the league in most offensive categories , including batting average , runs scored , runs batted in ( RBI ) , on-base percentage and hits . He led the league in batting average five times , the most by a 19th-century player , and his career .342 batting average still ranks ninth all-time . Brouthers is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date who have appeared in Major League games in four decades . He was also an active players ' union member , and was elected vice president of the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players . Brouthers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Wolverines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Wolverines', 'summary': 'The Detroit Wolverines were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team that played in the National League from 1881 to 1888 in the city of Detroit , Michigan . In total , they won 426 games and lost 437 , taking their lone pennant ( and winning the pre-modern World Series ) in 1887 . The team was disbanded following the 1888 season .'}]}, {'value': '153', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1888', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dan Brouthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dan_Brouthers', 'summary': "Dennis Joseph Dan Brouthers ( /ˈbruːθərz/ ; May 8 , 1858 - August 2 , 1932 ) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball whose career spanned the period from 1879 to 1896 , with a brief return in 1904 . Nicknamed Big Dan for his size , he was 6 feet 2 inches ( 1.88 m ) and weighed 207 pounds ( 94 kg ) , which was large by 19th-century standards . Recognized as the first great slugger in baseball history , and among the greatest sluggers of his era , he held the record for career home runs from 1887 to 1889 , with his final total of 106 tying for the fourth most of the 19th century . His career slugging percentage of .519 remained the Major League record for a player with at least 4,000 at bats until Ty Cobb edged ahead of him in 1922 . At the time of his initial retirement , he also ranked second in career triples ( 205 ) , and third in runs batted in ( 1,296 ) and hits . A dominant hitter during the prime of his career , he led ( or was in the top of ) the league in most offensive categories , including batting average , runs scored , runs batted in ( RBI ) , on-base percentage and hits . He led the league in batting average five times , the most by a 19th-century player , and his career .342 batting average still ranks ninth all-time . Brouthers is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date who have appeared in Major League games in four decades . He was also an active players ' union member , and was elected vice president of the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players . Brouthers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Wolverines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Wolverines', 'summary': 'The Detroit Wolverines were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team that played in the National League from 1881 to 1888 in the city of Detroit , Michigan . In total , they won 426 games and lost 437 , taking their lone pennant ( and winning the pre-modern World Series ) in 1887 . The team was disbanded following the 1888 season .'}]}, {'value': '118', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Tiernan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Tiernan', 'summary': "Michael Joseph Tiernan ( January 21 , 1867 - November 7 , 1918 ) , nicknamed Silent Mike , was an American professional baseball right fielder . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) exclusively for the New York Giants from 1887 to 1899 . Born in Trenton , New Jersey , his debut game was on April 30 , 1887 . His final game was played on July 31 , 1899 . Tiernan led the National League in home runs in 1890 and 1891 , and compiled a .311 lifetime batting average . He is the Giants ' all-time franchise leader in triples and stolen bases . One of the great home run hitters of the 19th century , he hit 106 of them , which ties him with Hall of Famer Dan Brouthers for fourth most among 19th century ball players ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Giants_(NL)', 'summary': "The San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball originated in New York City as the New York Gothams in 1883 and were known as the New York Giants from 1885 until the team relocated to San Francisco after the 1957 season . During most of their 75 seasons in New York City , the Giants played home games at various incarnations of the Polo Grounds in Upper Manhattan . Numerous inductees of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown , New York played for the New York Giants , including John McGraw , Mel Ott , Bill Terry , Willie Mays , Monte Irvin , and Travis Jackson . During the club 's tenure in New York , it won five of the franchise 's eight World Series wins and 17 of its 23 National League pennants . Famous moments in the Giants ' New York history include the 1922 World Series , in which the Giants swept the Yankees in four games , Bobby Thomson 's 1951 home run known as the Shot Heard 'Round the World , and the defensive feat by Willie Mays during the first game of the 1954 World Series known as the Catch . The Giants had intense rivalries with their fellow New York teams the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers , facing the Yankees in six World Series and playing the league rival Dodgers multiple times per season . Games between any two of these three teams were known collectively as the Subway Series . The Dodgers-Giants rivalry continues , as both teams moved to the West Coast in California after the 1957 season , with the Dodgers relocating to Los Angeles . The New York Giants of the National Football League are named after the team ."}]}, {'value': '147', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1890', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hub Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hub_Collins', 'summary': 'Hubert Hub Collins ( April 15 , 1864 - May 21 , 1892 ) was a professional baseball player . He was a left fielder and second baseman over parts of seven seasons ( 1886-1892 ) with the Louisville Colonels and Brooklyn Bridegrooms/Grooms . He was the National League leader in runs scored in 1890 with Brooklyn . For his career , he compiled a .284 batting average , 319 runs batted in , 653 runs scored , and 335 stolen bases . He was born in Louisville , Kentucky , and died in Brooklyn , New York , at the age of 28 of typhoid fever .'}]}, {'value': 'Brooklyn Bridegrooms', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridegrooms', 'summary': "The Brooklyn Dodgers were a Major League baseball team , active primarily in the National League ( founded 1876 ) from 1884 until 1957 , after which the club moved to Los Angeles , California , where it continues its history as the Los Angeles Dodgers . The team moved west at the same time as its longtime rivals , the New York Giants , also in the National League , relocated to San Francisco in northern California as the San Francisco Giants . The team 's name derived from the reputed skill of Brooklyn residents at evading the city 's trolley streetcar network . The Dodgers played in two stadiums in South Brooklyn , each named Washington Park , and at Eastern Park in the neighborhood of Brownsville before moving to Ebbets Field in the neighborhood of Flatbush in 1913 . The team is noted for signing Jackie Robinson in 1947 as the first black player in the modern major leagues ."}]}, {'value': '148', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1891', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Billy Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)', 'summary': "William Robert Hamilton ( February 16 , 1866 - December 15 , 1940 ) , nicknamed Sliding Billy , was an American professional baseball player in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) during the 19th-century . He played for the Kansas City Cowboys , Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Beaneaters between 1888 and 1901 . Hamilton won the National League ( NL ) batting title twice and led the NL in stolen bases five times , eclipsing 100 on four separate occasions . He hit over .400 in 1894 and set the major league record for runs scored in a season with 198 . His 914 [ a ] stolen bases ranks third all time , a career .344 hitter he was nominated to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1961 via the Veteran 's Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': '141', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1892', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cupid Childs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cupid_Childs', 'summary': 'Clarence Lemuel Cupid Childs ( August 8 , 1867 - November 8 , 1912 ) was an American second baseman in Major League Baseball with a 13-season career from 1888 , 1890-1901 , playing for the Philadelphia Quakers , Cleveland Spiders , St. Louis Perfectos and Chicago Orphans of the National League and the Syracuse Stars of the American Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Cleveland Spiders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland_Spiders', 'summary': 'The Cleveland Spiders were a Major League Baseball team that played between 1887 and 1899 in Cleveland , Ohio . The team played at National League Park from 1889 to 1890 and at League Park from 1891 to 1899 , when they were disbanded , along with three other teams , after a travesty of a season with a horrific record of 20-134 .'}]}, {'value': '136', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1893', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Herman Long', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herman_Long_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Herman C. Long ( April 13 , 1866 - September 16 , 1909 ) was an American shortstop in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) who played for the Kansas City Cowboys , Boston Beaneaters , New York Highlanders , Detroit Tigers , and Philadelphia Phillies . Long was known for his great fielding range as a shortstop , but he also holds the MLB record for career errors .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Beaneaters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Beaneaters', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': '149', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1894', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Billy Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)', 'summary': "William Robert Hamilton ( February 16 , 1866 - December 15 , 1940 ) , nicknamed Sliding Billy , was an American professional baseball player in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) during the 19th-century . He played for the Kansas City Cowboys , Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Beaneaters between 1888 and 1901 . Hamilton won the National League ( NL ) batting title twice and led the NL in stolen bases five times , eclipsing 100 on four separate occasions . He hit over .400 in 1894 and set the major league record for runs scored in a season with 198 . His 914 [ a ] stolen bases ranks third all time , a career .344 hitter he was nominated to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1961 via the Veteran 's Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': '198', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1895', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Billy Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Hamilton_(baseball,_born_1866)', 'summary': "William Robert Hamilton ( February 16 , 1866 - December 15 , 1940 ) , nicknamed Sliding Billy , was an American professional baseball player in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) during the 19th-century . He played for the Kansas City Cowboys , Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Beaneaters between 1888 and 1901 . Hamilton won the National League ( NL ) batting title twice and led the NL in stolen bases five times , eclipsing 100 on four separate occasions . He hit over .400 in 1894 and set the major league record for runs scored in a season with 198 . His 914 [ a ] stolen bases ranks third all time , a career .344 hitter he was nominated to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1961 via the Veteran 's Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': '166', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'National League', 'section_text': 'Stan Musial led the National League in runs scored five times . Albert Pujols has led the National League in runs scored five times .', 'uid': 'List_of_Major_League_Baseball_runs_scored_champions_1', 'intro': "Major League Baseball recognizes runs scored leaders in the American League and National League each season. In baseball, a run is scored when a player advances safely around first, second and third base and returns safely to home plate, touching the bases in that order, before three outs are recorded. A player may score by hitting a home run or by any combination of plays that puts him safely on base (that is, on first, second, or third) as a runner and subsequently brings him home. The object of the game is for a team to score more runs than its opponent. In baseball statistics, a player who advances around all the bases to score is credited with a run (R), sometimes referred to as a run scored. While runs scored is considered an important individual batting statistic, it is regarded as less significant than runs batted in (RBIs) - superiority in the latter, for instance, is one of the elements of the exceptional batting achievement known as the Triple Crown. Both individual runs scored and runs batted in are heavily context-dependent; for a more sophisticated assessment of a player's contribution toward producing runs for his team, see runs created."}
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What monetary amount was in the nickname of the person who scored 155 MLB points in 1886 ?
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$ 10,000
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ff643ca857c36037
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Hawks_draft_history', 'title': 'Atlanta Hawks draft history', 'header': ['Year', 'Round', 'Pick', 'Name', 'From'], 'data': [{'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Pettit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Pettit', 'summary': "Robert Lee Pettit Jr. ( born December 12 , 1932 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He played 11 seasons in the NBA , all with the Milwaukee/St . Louis Hawks ( 1954-1965 ) . He was the first recipient of the NBA 's Most Valuable Player Award . He also won the NBA All-Star Game MVP award four times , a feat matched only by Kobe Bryant . He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1970 ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_basketball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers basketball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . The Tigers are currently coached by head coach Will Wade . They play their home games in the Pete Maravich Assembly Center located on the LSU campus in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The team participates in the Southeastern Conference ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Mattick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Mattick', 'summary': "Robert Walter Mattick ( May 30 , 1933 - December 23 , 2018 ) was an American basketball player . He played collegiately at Oklahoma A & M University ( now Oklahoma State ) and was named a second team All-American in 1954 . Mattick , a 6'11 center from Chicago , played for Oklahoma A & M from 1951-54 . Mattick was a star for the Aggies and one of the premier big men in college basketball his last two seasons . Mattick was named All-Missouri Valley Conference both years , and led the Aggies to two NCAA Tournament bids in 1953 and 1954 . As a senior , Bob Mattick became the first player in Oklahoma A & M ( now called Oklahoma State ) history to average more than 20 points per game ( 20.7 ) and the first to average a double-double ( 20.7 points , 11.2 rebounds per game ) . He was named a consensus second team All-American that year . He finished with 1,378 points ( 16.6 per game ) and 772 rebounds ( 9.3 per game ) for his three-year career . Following the completion of his college career , Mattick was drafted by the Milwaukee Hawks in the 1954 NBA draft . However , he never played in the NBA , instead opting for the Phillips 66ers of the Amateur Athletic Union ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma A & M University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_basketball', 'summary': "The Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team represents Oklahoma State University in Stillwater , Oklahoma , United States in NCAA Division I men 's basketball competition . ( All women 's teams at the school are known as Cowgirls . ) The Cowboys currently compete in the Big 12 Conference . Since 1938 , the team has played its home games in Gallagher-Iba Arena . Prior to 1957 , the school was known as Oklahoma A & M College , and the teams were nicknamed the Aggies . On March 21 , 2016 , Brad Underwood was hired as head coach at Oklahoma State , replacing the fired Travis Ford . Just short of one year , on March 18 , 2017 , Underwood left the program for Illinois . Assistant Mike Boynton was promoted to head coach on March 24 ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walt Walowac', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marshall College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Marshall_Thundering_Herd_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Marshall Thundering Herd men 's basketball team represents Marshall University in Huntington , West Virginia . They compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of Conference USA . Marshall has advanced to the NCAA Tournament five times through the years ( their 1987 appearance having been vacated ) , most recently in 2018 . The Thundering Herd has also played in the NIT five times , last appearing in 2012 . Marshall won the NAIA National Championship in 1947 , and is 7-2 all-time in the first collegiate basketball tournament , one year older than the NIT and four years older than the NCAA Tournament . Notable former Marshall basketball players include NBA and Marshall Hall of Famer Hal Greer , who was named as one of the NBA 's 50 best players of all time . Greer was selected to 10 consecutive NBA All-Star games . Greer was named NBA All-Star Game MVP in 1968 , one year after leading the Philadelphia 76ers to the NBA title . Additionally , Marshall 's Andy Tonkovich was the first overall selection in the BAA ( now NBA ) draft in 1948 . Mike D'Antoni , current head coach of the Houston Rockets and NBA Coach of the Year winner , played college basketball at Marshall from 1970-73 ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phil Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Martin_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Phillip Roger Phil Martin ( April 2 , 1928 - June 24 , 2008 ) was a guard in the National Basketball Association . Martin was drafted in the Milwaukee Hawks in the fourth round of the 1954 NBA draft and played with the team for seven games early that season .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Toledo', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Toledo_Rockets_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Toledo Rockets men 's basketball team represents the University of Toledo in Toledo , Ohio , United States . The school 's team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 1980 . Their current head coach is Tod Kowalczyk ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Ebert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Ebert', 'summary': 'Paul Allen Ebert ( August 11 , 1932 - April 21 , 2009 ) was a director of the American College of Surgeons and athlete . He had been Chairman of the Departments of Surgery at both Cornell University Medical College and the University of California San Francisco Medical Center , as well as the President of the American College of Cardiology , the American Association for Thoracic Surgery , the Society of University Surgeons , and the Western Thoracic Surgical Association . Before earning his medical degree , he was an All-American in both baseball and basketball at the Ohio State University . He was born in Columbus , Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Ohio State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_University', 'summary': 'The Ohio State University ( OSU , commonly referred to as Ohio State ) is a public research university in Columbus , Ohio . Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862 , the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College . The college originally focused on various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor ( later , U.S. president ) Rutherford B. Hayes , and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to The Ohio State University . The main campus in Columbus , Ohio , has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States . The university also operates regional campuses in Lima , Mansfield , Marion , Newark , and Wooster . The university has an extensive student life program , with over 1,000 student organizations ; intercollegiate , club and recreational sports programs ; student media organizations and publications , fraternities and sororities ; and three student governments . Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes . As of the 2016 Summer Olympics , athletes from Ohio State have won 104 Olympic medals ( 46 gold , 35 silver , and 23 bronze ) . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports .'}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Carney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Carney', 'summary': 'Robert Lee Carney ( August 3 , 1932 - November 9 , 2011 ) was an American basketball player . He played collegiately for Bradley University . He was selected by the Milwaukee Hawks in the 6th round ( 47th pick overall ) of the 1954 NBA draft . He played for the Minneapolis Lakers ( 1954-55 ) in the NBA for 19 games .'}]}, {'value': 'Bradley University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradley_University', 'summary': 'Bradley University is a private university in Peoria , Illinois . Founded in 1897 , Bradley University currently enrolls 5,400 students who are pursuing degrees in more than 100 undergraduate programs and more than 30 graduate programs in five colleges . The university is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and 22 national accrediting agencies .'}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '56', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alan Kelley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allen_Kelley', 'summary': 'Earl Allen Kelley ( December 24 , 1932 - August 13 , 2016 ) was an American basketball player who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics . Born in Dearing , Georgia , he was part of the American basketball team , which won the gold medal in 1960 . Kelley died at the age of 83 on August 13 , 2016 in Lawrence , Kansas . He was the brother of 1952 Summer Olympics gold medalist Dean Kelley .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Kansas_Jayhawks_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Kansas Jayhawks men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program of the University of Kansas . The program is classified in the NCAA 's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference . Kansas is considered one of the most prestigious college basketball programs in the country with 5 overall claimed National Championships ( 3 NCAA Tournament championships , 2 Helms National Championships ) , as well being a National Runner-Up six times and having the most conference titles in the nation . Kansas is the all-time consecutive conference titles record holder with 14 consecutive titles , a streak that ran from 2005 through 2018 . The Jayhawks also own the NCAA record for most consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances with an active streak of 30 consecutive appearances . Another notable active streak for the Jayhawks is they have been ranked in the AP poll for 211 consecutive polls , a streak that has stretched from the poll released on February 2 , 2009 poll through the poll released on January 13 , 2020 , which is the longest active streak in the nation . That streak is 10 behind UCLA 's record run of 221 straight from 1966-1980 . The Jayhawks ' first coach was the inventor of the game of basketball , James Naismith . Naismith , ironically , is the only coach in Kansas basketball history with a losing record . The Kansas basketball program has produced many notable professional players , including Clyde Lovellette , Wilt Chamberlain , Jo Jo White , Danny Manning , Raef LaFrentz , Paul Pierce , Nick Collison , Kirk Hinrich , Mario Chalmers , Andrew Wiggins and Joel Embiid . Politician Bob Dole also played basketball at Kansas . Former players that have gone on to be coaches include Phog Allen , Adolph Rupp , Dean Smith , Dutch Lonborg , and former assistants to go on to be notable coaches include John Calipari , Gregg Popovich , and Bill Self ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Nunneley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Tulsa', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tulsa_Golden_Hurricane_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Tulsa Golden Hurricane men 's basketball team represents the University of Tulsa in Tulsa , in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The team participates in the American Athletic Conference . The Golden Hurricane hired Frank Haith from Missouri on April 17 , 2014 to replace Danny Manning , who had resigned to take the Wake Forest job after the 2013-14 season . The team has long been successful , especially since the hiring of Nolan Richardson in 1980 . Many big-name coaches previously worked at Tulsa , like University of Kansas coach Bill Self and Minnesota coach Tubby Smith . The Hurricane have been to the NCAA Tournament 14 times in their history . In addition , they have won two National Invitation Tournaments , in 1981 and 2001 , and one CBI tournament . In 2005 , Street & Smith 's named the University of Tulsa as the 59th best college basketball program of all time ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '74', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hal Cervini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tulane University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulane_University', 'summary': 'Tulane University is a private research university in New Orleans , Louisiana . It was founded as a public medical college in 1834 and became a comprehensive university in 1847 . The institution was made private under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884 . Tulane is the 9th oldest private university in the Association of American Universities , which consists of major research universities in the United States and Canada . The Tulane University Law School and Tulane University Medical School are considered the 12th oldest and 15th oldest law and medical schools , respectively , in the United States . Alumni include prominent entrepreneurs , founders , and inventors in technology , medical devices , entertainment , retail , mass media , fashion , and public policy ; the President of Costa Rica ; U.S. State governors ; Federal judges ( including a Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court ) ; U.S . Senators ; U.S. Members of Congress ( including a Speaker of the House ) ; heads of Federal agencies ; two Surgeons General of the United States ; U.S. diplomats ; at least 23 undergraduate Marshall scholars ( which ranks Tulane 18th among all universities and colleges ) ; at least 18 Rhodes scholars ; at least 12 Truman scholars ; 155 Fulbright scholars ; prominent screenwriters ; Emmy-award winners ; Oscar-Award winners ; Pulitzer-prize-winning authors ; chief executive officers ; major law firm partners ; university presidents ; living billionaires including Ricardo Salinas Pliego ; Stanley Motta ; David Filo ; and Jerry Springer . At least two Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university .'}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '82', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Bertrand', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana , United States . The program competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I . On September 12 , 2012 , Notre Dame announced they would be moving to the Atlantic Coast Conference ; they joined the conference on July 1 , 2013 . The school holds two retroactively awarded national championships in basketball from the Helms Foundation : for the 1927 ( 19-1 overall record ) and 1936 ( 22-2-1 overall record ) seasons . They have also played in the NCAA Tournament 36 times , good for 9th all time , and reached the Final Four in 1978 . The Irish hold the record for most Tournament appearances without a championship or championship game appearance , one of five teams ( along with Texas , Temple , Illinois and Oklahoma ) to have 30 or more appearances without a title and one of three teams ( along with Texas and Temple ) to have more than 30 appearances without either . They are also the first Big East team to go undefeated at home two straight seasons . They play their home games in the Purcell Pavilion at the Edmund P. Joyce Center . Since moving to the Purcell Pavilion in 1968 , they have had 44 winning seasons at the Purcell Pavilion , including 5 undefeated seasons at home ( 1973 , 1985 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2010 ) and have had only 4 losing seasons at the Purcell Pavilion ( 1971 , 1981 , 1992 , and 1995 ) . Jeff Sagarin and ESPN listed the program 12th in the college basketball all-time rankings in the ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia . The Fighting Irish are currently coached by Mike Brey ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '91', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerry Domerschick', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'City College of New York', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/CCNY_Beavers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The City College of the City University of New York ( City College of New York , or simply City College , CCNY , or City ) is a public senior college of the City University of New York ( CUNY ) system in New York City . Founded in 1847 , City College was the first free public institution of higher education in the United States . It is the oldest of CUNY 's 24 institutions of higher learning , and is considered its flagship college . Located in Hamilton Heights overlooking Harlem in Manhattan , City College 's 35-acre ( 14 ha ) Collegiate Gothic campus spans Convent Avenue from 130th to 141st Streets . It was initially designed by renowned architect George B . Post , and many of its buildings have achieved landmark status . The college has graduated ten Nobel Prize winners , one Fields Medalist , one Turing Award winner , three Pulitzer Prize winners , and three Rhodes Scholars . Among these alumni , the latest is a Bronx native , John O'Keefe ( 2014 Nobel Prize in Medicine ) . City College 's satellite campus City College Downtown in the Cunard Building at 25 Broadway has been in operation since 1981 . It specializes in degree programs for working adults . Other primacies at City College that helped shape the culture of American higher education include the first student government in the nation ( Academic Senate , 1867 ) ; the first national fraternity to accept members without regard to religion , race , color or creed ( Delta Sigma Phi , 1899 ) ; the first degree-granting evening program ( School of Education , 1907 ) ; and , with the objective of racially integrating the college dormitories , the first general strike at a municipal institution of higher learning led by students ( 1949 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1954_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1954 NBA draft was the eight annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1954 , before the 1954-55 season . In this draft , nine NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 13 rounds comprising 100 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '97', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ron Weisner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Wisconsin-Madison', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Wisconsin_Badgers_men's_basketball", 'summary': 'The Wisconsin Badgers is a NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big Ten Conference . The Badgers home games are played at the Kohl Center , located on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus in Madison , Wisconsin . Wisconsin has 1618 wins through the end of the 2018-19 season which is top 50 all-time in wins in college basketball .'}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Houbregs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Houbregs', 'summary': 'Robert J. Houbregs ( March 12 , 1932 - May 28 , 2014 ) was a Canadian professional basketball player . Houbregs was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987'}]}, {'value': 'University of Washington', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Washington_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Washington Huskies men 's basketball team represents the University of Washington in NCAA Division I college basketball competing in the Pac-12 Conference . Their home games are played at Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion , located in Seattle , and they are currently led by head coach Mike Hopkins ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irv Bemoras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irv_Bemoras', 'summary': 'Irving Irv Bemoras ( November 18 , 1930 - November 1 , 2007 ) was an American basketball player . He played collegiately for the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , where he was voted as one of the top 100 players of all time . He was selected by the Milwaukee Hawks in the 1953 NBA draft . He played for the Hawks ( 1953-54 ) and the St. Louis Hawks ( 1956-57 ) in the NBA for 131 games . He is a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Illinois_Fighting_Illini_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Illinois Fighting Illini men 's basketball team is an NCAA Division I college basketball team competing in the Big Ten Conference . Home games are played at the State Farm Center , located on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 's campus in Champaign . Illinois has one pre-tournament national championship in 1915 , one retroactive national championship awarded in 1943 by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll . Illinois has appeared in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament 30 times , and has competed in 5 Final Fours , 9 Elite Eights , and has won 17 Big Ten regular season championships . The team is currently coached by Brad Underwood , who was hired on March 18 , 2017 . Through the end of the 2017-18 season , Illinois ranks 12th all-time in winning percentage and 15th all-time in wins among all NCAA Division I men 's college basketball programs ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Bolger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Bolger', 'summary': 'William J. Bolger ( August 21 , 1931-October 8 , 2009 ) was an American basketball player . He played collegiately for Georgetown University . He played for the Baltimore Bullets ( 1953-54 ) in the NBA for 20 games .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgetown University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgetown_University', 'summary': "Georgetown University is a private research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington , D.C . Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789 as Georgetown College , the university has grown to comprise ten undergraduate and graduate schools , among which are the School of Foreign Service , School of Business , Medical School , Law School , and a campus in Qatar . Located on a hill above the Potomac River , the school 's main campus is identifiable by its flagship Healy Hall , a National Historic Landmark . Georgetown is the oldest Catholic and Jesuit institution of higher education in the United States . The Jesuits have participated in the university 's academic life , both as scholars and as administrators , since 1805 . However , the university has always been governed independently of the church , and the majority of Georgetown students are not Catholic . Georgetown is a highly selective school , accepting 14 percent of undergraduate applicants for its class of 2023 . The university offers degree programs in forty-eight disciplines , enrolling an average of 7,500 undergraduate and 10,000 post-graduate students from more than 135 countries . Georgetown 's notable alumni include U.S. Presidents , billionaires , U.S. Supreme Court Justices , as well as international royalty and heads of state . The school produces more U.S. diplomats than any other university . Georgetown is also a top feeder school for careers in finance and investment banking on Wall Street . Georgetown is home to the country 's largest student-run business , largest student-run financial institution , the oldest continuously running student theatre troupe , and one of the oldest debating societies in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paul Brandt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbia University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_University', 'summary': "Columbia University ( also known as Columbia , and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York ) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City . Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan , Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States . It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence , seven of which belong to the Ivy League . It has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Columbia was established as King 's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain in reaction to the founding of Princeton University in New Jersey . It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution , and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay . In 1896 , the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University . Columbia scientists and scholars have played an important role in the development of notable scientific fields and breakthroughs including : brain-computer interface ; the laser and maser ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; the first nuclear pile ; the first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas ; Thomas Hunt Morgan 's drosophila experiment - considered the origin of modern genetics ; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift ; and much of the initial research and planning of the Manhattan Project during World War II . The Columbia University Physics Department has been affiliated with 33 Nobel Prize winners as alumni , faculty or research staff , the third most of any American institution behind MIT and Harvard . In addition , 22 Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine have been affiliated with Columbia , the third most of any American institution . The university 's research efforts include the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory , Goddard Institute for Space Studies and accelerator laboratories with major technology firms such as IBM . Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Cipriano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Cipriano_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Joe Cipriano ( October 27 , 1931 - November 25 , 1980 ) was an American college basketball coach . He was the head coach at the University of Idaho ( 1960-63 ) and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln ( 1963-80 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Washington', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Washington_Huskies_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Washington Huskies men 's basketball team represents the University of Washington in NCAA Division I college basketball competing in the Pac-12 Conference . Their home games are played at Alaska Airlines Arena at Hec Edmundson Pavilion , located in Seattle , and they are currently led by head coach Mike Hopkins ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gene Dyker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gene_Dyker', 'summary': 'Eugene Dyker ( February 17 , 1930 - January , 1966 ) was a forward in the National Basketball Association . He was drafted by the Milwaukee Hawks in the 1953 NBA draft and played with the team that season .'}]}, {'value': 'DePaul University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePaul_University', 'summary': "DePaul University is a private , Roman Catholic university in Chicago , Illinois . Founded by the Vincentians in 1898 , the university takes its name from the 17th-century French priest Saint Vincent de Paul . In 1998 , it became the largest Catholic university by enrollment in the United States . Following in the footsteps of its founders , DePaul places special emphasis on recruiting first-generation students and others from disadvantaged backgrounds . DePaul 's two campuses are located in Lincoln Park and the Loop . The Lincoln Park Campus is home to the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences , Science and Health , and Education . It also houses the School of Music , the Theatre School , and the John T. Richardson Library . The Loop campus houses the Colleges of Communication , Computing and Digital Media , and Law , as well as the School of Public Service and the School for New Learning . It is also home to the Kellstadt Graduate School of Business , which is part of the nationally ranked Driehaus College of Business , the tenth oldest business school in the nation . The Loop campus also houses the Loop Library , the Rinn Law Library , and the Barnes and Noble-based Student Center . The university enrolls around 16,000 undergraduates and about 7,600 graduate/law students , making DePaul the 13th largest private university by enrollment in the United States , and the largest private university in Illinois . According to the Division of Student Affairs website , about 90% of DePaul 's students commute or live off campus ."}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Eddie O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Eddie_O'Brien_(baseball)", 'summary': "Edward Joseph O'Brien ( December 11 , 1930 - February 21 , 2014 ) was an American Major League Baseball shortstop , outfielder and pitcher . He played his entire five-year baseball career for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1953 , 1955-58 ) . His twin brother , Johnny , is a former second baseman and pitcher . O'Brien attended Saint Mary 's High School in South Amboy , now Cardinal McCarrick High School , where he has been inducted into the school 's sports hall of fame . He attended Seattle University , where he played on the basketball team for the Chieftains ( along with his brother Johnny ) and participated in a stunning 84-81 upset over the Harlem Globetrotters on January 21 , 1952 . Later he and Johnny were drafted by the NBA 's Milwaukee Hawks in 1953 , but they never played in the NBA . While in Pittsburgh , Johnny and Eddie O'Brien became the first twins in major league history to play for the same team in the same game . They are also one of only four brother combinations to play second base/shortstop on the same major league club . The others are Garvin and Granny Hamner , for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1945 ; Frank and Milt Bolling , with the Detroit Tigers in 1958 , and Billy and Cal Ripken , for the Baltimore Orioles during the 1980s . In Jim Bouton 's book Ball Four , a memoir of the 1969 baseball season , O'Brien - who in that year had served as bullpen coach for the Seattle Pilots expansion club - was represented as Bouton 's consistent antagonist . O'Brien also worked as the Athletic Director at Seattle University and as an energy consultant for the Alaskan shipping industry . On February 21 , 2014 , O'Brien died at the age of 83 ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_University', 'summary': 'Seattle University ( SU ) is a private Jesuit university in Seattle , Washington . SU is the largest independent university in the Northwest US , with over 7,500 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs within eight schools .'}]}, {'value': '1953', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1953_NBA_draft', 'summary': 'The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The draft was held on April 24 , 1953 , before the 1953-54 season . In this draft , nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players . In each round , the teams select in reverse order of their win-loss record in the previous season . The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "John O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Johnny_O'Brien", 'summary': "John Thomas O'Brien ( born December 11 , 1930 ) is a former backup second baseman and pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( 1953 , 1955-58 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 1958 ) and Milwaukee Braves ( 1959 ) . O'Brien batted and threw right-handed . His twin brother , Eddie , was also a major league infielder . O'Brien attended Saint Mary 's High School in South Amboy , now Cardinal McCarrick High School , where he has been inducted into the school 's sports hall of fame . O'Brien attended Seattle University , where he played on the basketball team for the Chieftains ( along with his brother Eddie ) and scored 43 points in a stunning 84-81 upset over the Harlem Globetrotters on January 21 , 1952 . In 1953 , O'Brien became the first player in NCAA history to score 1,000 points in a season . O'Brien would be the shortest NCAA All-American player to be named until 2016 when the similarly 5 ft 9 in ( 1.75 m ) Tyler Ulis of Kentucky was named a member of the first team . Later he and Eddie were drafted by the NBA 's Milwaukee Hawks in 1953 , but the twins never played in the NBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_University', 'summary': 'Seattle University ( SU ) is a private Jesuit university in Seattle , Washington . SU is the largest independent university in the Northwest US , with over 7,500 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs within eight schools .'}]}], 'section_title': 'As Milwaukee Hawks ( 1952–1954 )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Atlanta_Hawks_draft_history_2', 'intro': 'The Atlanta Hawks (formerly known as the Tri-Cities Blackhawks, the Milwaukee Hawks, and the St. Louis Hawks) have selected the following players in the National Basketball Association Draft.'}
| null | null |
Which college did the player that the Hawks picked in 1954 out of Ohio State University end up directing ?
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American College of Surgeons
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ff64b241e23504e4
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of bus transit systems in the United States', 'header': ['System', 'Locale', 'Major city ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Albany Transit System', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albany,_Oregon', 'summary': "Albany is the county seat of Linn County , and the 11th largest city in the State of Oregon . Albany is located in the Willamette Valley at the confluence of the Calapooia River and the Willamette River in both Linn and Benton counties , just east of Corvallis and south of Salem . It is predominantly a farming and manufacturing city that settlers founded around 1848 . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population of Albany was 50,158 . Its population was estimated by the Portland Research Center to be 54,453 in 2018 . Albany has a home rule charter , a council-manager government , and a full-time unelected city manager . The city provides the population with access to over 30 parks and trails , a senior center , and many cultural events such as the Northwest Art & Air Festival , River Rhythms and Movies at Monteith . In addition to farming and manufacturing , the city 's economy depends on retail trade , health care , and social assistance . In recent years the city has worked to revive the downtown shopping area , with help from the Central Albany Revitalization Area ."}]}, {'value': 'Cascades East Transit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deschutes County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deschutes_County', 'summary': 'Deschutes County /dəˈʃuːts/ is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon . As of the 2010 census , the population was 157,733 . The county seat is Bend . The county was created in 1916 out of part of Crook County and was named for the Deschutes River , which itself was named by French-Canadian trappers of the early 19th century . It is the political and economic hub of Central Oregon . Deschutes comprises the Bend-Redmond , OR Metropolitan Statistical Area . Deschutes is Oregons fastest-growing county .'}]}, {'value': 'Bend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bend,_Oregon', 'summary': "Bend is a city in and the county seat of Deschutes County , Oregon , United States . It is the principal city of the Bend-Redmond Metropolitan Statistical Area . Bend is Central Oregon 's largest city and , despite its modest size , is the de facto metropolis of the region , owing to the low population density of that area . Bend recorded a population of 76,693 at the time of the 2010 U.S. Census , up from 52,029 at the 2000 census . The estimated population of the city as of 2018 is 97,590 . The Bend-Redmond metro population was estimated at 197,488 as of July 16 , 2019 . It is the fifth largest metropolitan area in Oregon . Bend is located on the eastern edge of the Cascade Range along the Deschutes River . There the Ponderosa pine forest transitions into the high desert , characterized by arid land , junipers , sagebrush , and bitterbrush . Originally a crossing point on the river , settlement began in the early 1900s . Bend was incorporated as a city in 1905 . Economically , it started as a logging town but is now identified as a gateway for many outdoor sports , including mountain biking , fishing , hiking , camping , rock climbing , white-water rafting , skiing , paragliding , and golf ."}]}, {'value': 'Cherriots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cherriots', 'summary': "Cherriots , officially the Salem Area Mass Transit District , is a public transit operator based in Salem , Oregon , United States . The agency , whose name refers to the city 's nickname ( The Cherry City ) , provides bus and paratransit service in Salem and neighboring Keizer . It was founded in 1979 as the Salem Area Mass Transit District , replacing municipal and private systems , and renamed itself to Salem-Keizer Transit in 2003 . In 2016 , the transit agency started a rebranding campaign to highlight its Cherriots operating name . All of its services now bear the Cherriots name . For example , a regional bus service previously called CARTS ( Chemeketa Area Regional Transportation System ) is now Cherriots Regional ."}]}, {'value': 'Marion County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion_County,_Oregon', 'summary': 'Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon . The population was 315,335 at the 2010 census , making it the fifth-most populous county in Oregon . The county seat is Salem , the state capital . The county was originally named the Champooick District , after Champoeg ( earlier Champooick ) , a meeting place on the Willamette River . On September 3 , 1849 , the territorial legislature renamed it in honor of Francis Marion , a Continental Army general from South Carolina who served in the American Revolutionary War . Marion County is part of the Salem , OR Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Portland-Vancouver-Salem , OR-WA Combined Statistical Area . It is located in the Willamette Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Salem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salem,_Oregon', 'summary': "Salem /ˈseɪləm/ is the capital of the U.S. state of Oregon , and the county seat of Marion County . It is located in the center of the Willamette Valley alongside the Willamette River , which runs north through the city . The river forms the boundary between Marion and Polk counties , and the city neighborhood of West Salem is in Polk County . Salem was founded in 1842 , became the capital of the Oregon Territory in 1851 , and was incorporated in 1857 . Salem had a population of 169,798 in 2017 , making it the second-largest city in the state after Portland . Salem is a little under an hour 's driving distance away from Portland . Salem is the principal city of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area , a metropolitan area that covers Marion and Polk counties and had a combined population of 390,738 at the 2010 census . A 2013 estimate placed the metropolitan population at 400,408 , the state 's second largest . This area is , in turn , part of the Portland-Vancouver-Salem Combined Statistical Area . The city is home to Willamette University , Corban University , and Chemeketa Community College . The State of Oregon is the largest public employer in the city , and Salem Health is the largest private employer . Transportation includes public transit from Cherriots ( legally known as Salem Area Mass Transit District ) , Amtrak service , and non-commercial air travel at McNary Field ."}]}, {'value': 'Corvallis Transit System', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corvallis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon', 'summary': 'Corvallis /kɔːrˈvælɪs/ is a city in central western Oregon , United States . It is the county seat of Benton County and the principal city of the Corvallis , Oregon Metropolitan Statistical Area , which encompasses all of Benton County . As of the 2010 United States Census , the population was 54,462 . Its population was estimated by the Portland Research Center to be 58,641 in 2018 . Corvallis is the location of Oregon State University and Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center .'}]}, {'value': 'Rogue Valley Transportation District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rogue_Valley_Transportation_District', 'summary': 'Rogue Valley Transportation District is a transportation district serving the greater Jackson County , Oregon area . The district serves the cities of Medford , Ashland , White City , Phoenix , Talent , Jacksonville , and Central Point . The district also provides paratransit services to older adults and people with disabilities within its route coverage area . The Rogue Valley Transportation District ( RVTD ) was established May 6 , 1975 upon the passing of a special election measure allowing the county to establish a transportation district funded by Oregon tax dollars . Two years later after considerable planning and procurement of funding , the first transit buses took the streets of Medford , with service beginning in July 1977 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jackson County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jackson_County,_Oregon', 'summary': 'Jackson County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon . As of the 2010 census , the population was 203,206 . The county seat is Medford . The county is named for Andrew Jackson , the seventh president of the United States . Jackson County comprises the Medford , OR Metropolitan Statistical Area . There are 11 incorporated cities and 34 unincorporated communities in Jackson County ; the largest is Medford , which has been the county seat since 1927 .'}]}, {'value': 'Medford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Medford,_Oregon', 'summary': "Medford is a city in , and the county seat of , Jackson County , Oregon , in the United States . As of July 1 , 2017 , the city had a total population of 81,780 and a metropolitan area population of 217,479 , making the Medford MSA the fourth largest metro area in Oregon . The city was named in 1883 by David Halliburton , civil engineer and right-of-way agent for the Oregon and California Railroad , after Medford , Massachusetts , which was near Loring 's hometown of Concord , Massachusetts . Medford is near the middle ford of Bear Creek ."}]}, {'value': 'TriMet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TriMet', 'summary': "TriMet , more formally known as the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon , is a public agency that operates mass transit in a region that spans most of the Portland metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Oregon . Created in 1969 by the Oregon legislature , the district replaced five private bus companies that operated in the three counties ; Multnomah , Washington , and Clackamas . TriMet started operating a light rail system named MAX in 1986 , which has since been expanded to 5 lines that now cover 59.7 miles ( 96.1 km ) , as well as a commuter rail line in 2009 . It also provides the operators and maintenance personnel for the City of Portland-owned Portland Streetcar system . In addition to rail lines , TriMet provides the region 's bus system , as well as LIFT paratransit service . There are 688 buses in TriMet 's fleet that operate on 85 lines . In 2018 , the entire system averaged 310,000 rides per weekday and operates buses and trains between the hours of approximately 5 a.m. and 2 a.m. TriMet 's annual budget for FY 2018 is $ 525.8 million , with 30% of resources coming from a district-wide payroll tax and 10% from fares . The district is overseen by a seven-person board of directors appointed by the state 's governor . In 2014 , the agency has around 2,500 employees ."}]}, {'value': 'Portland metropolitan area', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area', 'summary': "The Portland metropolitan area or Greater Portland is a metropolitan area in the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington centered on the principal city of Portland , Oregon . The U.S. Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) identifies it as the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro , OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area , a metropolitan statistical area used by the United States Census Bureau ( USCB ) and other entities . The OMB defines the area as comprising Clackamas , Columbia , Multnomah , Washington , and Yamhill Counties in Oregon , and Clark and Skamania Counties in Washington . The area 's population is estimated at 2,753,168 in 2017 . The Oregon portion of the metropolitan area is the state 's largest urban center , while the Washington portion of the metropolitan area is the state 's third largest urban center after Seattle ( the Seattle Urban Area includes Tacoma and Everett ) and Spokane . Portions of this are under the jurisdiction of Metro , a directly elected regional government which , among other things , is responsible for land-use planning in the region ."}]}, {'value': 'Portland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland,_Oregon', 'summary': "Portland ( /ˈpɔːrtlənd/ ; PORT-lənd ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County . It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest , at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers . As of 2018 , Portland had an estimated population of 653,115 , making it the 25th most populated city in the United States , and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle . Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) , making it the 25th most populous in the United States . Its combined statistical area ( CSA ) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million . Approximately 60% of Oregon 's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area . [ a ] Named after Portland , Maine , the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail . Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods , and the timber industry was a major force in the city 's early economy . At the turn of the 20th century , the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world , a hub for organized crime and racketeering . After the city 's economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II , its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate . Beginning in the 1960s , Portland became noted for its growing progressive political values , earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture . The city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro , the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Lane Transit District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lane_Transit_District', 'summary': "The Lane Transit District ( LTD ) is a public agency that provides public transportation in Lane County , Oregon , United States . The transit district serves the Eugene and Springfield metropolitan areas , including the neighboring cities of Coburg , Junction City , Creswell , Cottage Grove , Veneta , and Lowell . LTD began service in 1970 with 18 buses and two vans , and today carries roughly 10.5 million customers annually with a fleet of 111 buses . Many of LTD 's riders are students ; University of Oregon and Lane Community College students ride by simply showing their student I.D . Student fees subsidize both programs , as well as limited late-night service until about 1 a.m. A board of directors , whose members are appointed by the Governor of Oregon , governs LTD. A combination of passenger fares , payroll taxes , and state and federal money fund the system . According to LTD 's Website , LTD operates 111 buses , which includes both standard and low-floor buses , in length of 30-foot , 40-foot , and 60-foot ( articulated buses ) for regular services . Among those 111 vehicles , 11 of those are the 60-foot BRT vehicles used for EmX service . All LTD buses are wheelchair-accessible , since 1985 . The district currently operates 45 hybrid-electric buses ."}]}, {'value': 'Lane County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lane_County,_Oregon', 'summary': "Lane County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon . As of the 2010 census , the population was 351,715 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Oregon . The county seat is Eugene . It is named in honor of Joseph Lane , Oregon 's first territorial governor . Lane County comprises the Eugene , OR Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is the third largest MSA in Oregon , and the 144th largest in the country ."}]}, {'value': 'Eugene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon', 'summary': "Eugene ( /juːˈdʒiːn/ yoo-JEEN ) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon , in the Pacific Northwest . It is at the southern end of the verdant Willamette Valley , near the confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette Rivers , about 50 miles ( 80 km ) east of the Oregon Coast . As of the 2010 census , Eugene had a population of 156,185 ; it is the county seat of Lane County and the state 's third most populous city after Portland and Salem , though recent state estimates suggest its population may have surpassed Salem 's . The Eugene-Springfield , Oregon metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) is the 146th largest metropolitan statistical area in the US and the third-largest in the state , behind the Portland Metropolitan Area and the Salem Metropolitan Area . The city 's population for 2018 was estimated to be 171,245 by the US Census . Eugene is home to the University of Oregon , Northwest Christian University , and Lane Community College . The city is also noted for its natural environment , recreational opportunities ( especially bicycling , running/jogging , rafting , and kayaking ) , and focus on the arts . Eugene 's official slogan is A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors . It is also referred to as the Emerald City and as Track Town , USA . The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene . In 2021 , the city will host the 18th Track and Field World Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Linn Shuttle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linn_Shuttle', 'summary': 'The Linn Shuttle bus system serves the Sweet Home and Linn County , Oregon area . It operates a fixed route shuttle service around Sweet Home , serving Sweet Home , Albany , and Lebanon in Linn County . The shuttle also connects to Albany Transit , Linn-Benton Loop , Corvallis Transit , Greyhound and Amtrak . In 2015 , the Linn Shuttle added two Blue Bird Vision Propane buses to their fleet , used primarily on the main Linn Shuttle route . The Linn Shuttle also uses 2013 Frieghtliner Buses . The Linn Shuttle still uses a Chevrolet bus and a Ford Bus as back-up buses .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweet Home and Linn County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweet_Home,_Oregon', 'summary': "Sweet Home is a city in Linn County , Oregon , United States . The population was 8,925 at the 2010 census . According to the city , Sweet Home is sometimes referred to as the 'Gateway to the Santiam Playground ' due to its proximity to nearby lakes , rivers and the Cascade Mountains ."}]}, {'value': 'Sweet Home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweet_Home,_Oregon', 'summary': "Sweet Home is a city in Linn County , Oregon , United States . The population was 8,925 at the 2010 census . According to the city , Sweet Home is sometimes referred to as the 'Gateway to the Santiam Playground ' due to its proximity to nearby lakes , rivers and the Cascade Mountains ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Oregon', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States_37', 'intro': 'The following is a list of presently-operating bus transit systems in the United States with regular service. The list excludes charter buses, private bus operators, paratransit systems, and trolleybus systems. Figures for daily ridership, number of vehicles, and daily vehicle revenue miles are accurate as of 2009 and come from the FTA National Transit Database.'}
| null | null |
What system is in the locale that is named in honor of Oregon 's first territorial governor ?
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Lane Transit District
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ff67caddae8bd479
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_Hive_Records', 'title': 'Bee Hive Records', 'header': ['#', 'Artist', 'Album', 'Year', 'Personnel'], 'data': [{'value': '7000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Brignola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Brignola', 'summary': 'Nick Brignola ( July 17 , 1936 - February 8 , 2002 ) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist .'}]}, {'value': 'Baritone Madness', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baritone_Madness', 'summary': "Baritone Madness , is the debut album by baritone saxophonist Nick Brignola 's Sextet featuring Pepper Adams which was recorded in late 1977 becoming the first release on the Bee Hive label ."}]}, {'value': '77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pepper Adams , Ted Curson , Dave Holland , Roy Haynes , Derek Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pepper_Adams', 'summary': 'Park Frederick Pepper Adams III ( October 8 , 1930 - September 10 , 1986 ) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist and composer . He composed 42 pieces , was the leader on eighteen albums spanning 28 years , and participated in 600 sessions as a sideman . He worked with an array of musicians , and had especially fruitful collaborations with trumpeter Donald Byrd and as a member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ted_Curson', 'summary': "Theodore Curson ( June 3 , 1935 - November 4 , 2012 ) was an American jazz trumpeter . Curson was born in Philadelphia . He became interested in playing trumpet after watching a newspaper salesman play a silver trumpet . Curson 's father , however , wanted him to play alto saxophone like Louis Jordan . When he was ten , he got his first trumpet . He attended Granoff School of Music in Philadelphia . At the suggestion of Miles Davis , he moved to New York in 1956 . He performed and recorded with Cecil Taylor in the late 1950s and early 1960s . His composition Tears for Dolphy has been used in numerous films . He was a familiar face in Finland , having performed at the Pori Jazz festival every year since it began in 1966 . In 2007 , he performed at Finland 's Independence Day Ball at the invitation of president Tarja Halonen . A longtime resident of Montclair , New Jersey , Curson died there on November 4 , 2012 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dave_Holland', 'summary': "Dave Holland ( born 1 October 1946 ) is an English jazz double bassist , composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades . He has lived in the United States for over 40 years . His work ranges from pieces for solo performance to big band . Holland runs his own independent record label , Dare2 , which he launched in 2005 . He has explained his musical philosophy by quoting fellow jazz artist Sam Rivers : Sam said , 'Do n't leave anything out - play all of it . ' Holland has played with some of the greatest names in jazz , and has participated in several classic recording sessions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roy_Haynes', 'summary': 'Roy Owen Haynes ( born March 13 , 1925 ) is an American jazz drummer and group leader . Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz , and in a career lasting over 70 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz . Snap Crackle was a nickname given him in the 1950s . He has also led his own groups , some performing under the name Hip Ensemble . His recordings as a leader , Fountain of Youth and Whereas , were nominated for a Grammy Award . He continues to perform worldwide and was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999 . His son Graham Haynes is a cornetist ; his son Craig Haynes and grandson Marcus Gilmore are both drummers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Derek_Smith_(musician)', 'summary': 'Derek Smith ( 17 August 1931 - 19 August 2016 ) was a British jazz pianist .'}]}, {'value': '7001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dizzy Reece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dizzy_Reece', 'summary': 'Alphonso Son Dizzy Reece ( born 5 January 1931 ) is a Jamaican-born hard bop jazz trumpeter . Reece is among a group of jazz musicians born in Jamaica which includes Bertie King , Joe Harriott , Roland Alphonso , Wilton Gaynair , Sonny Bradshaw and Tommy McCook , trombonist Don Drummond , pianist Monty Alexander , bassist Coleridge Goode , guitarist Ernest Ranglin and percussionists Count Ossie and Lloyd Knibb .'}]}, {'value': 'Manhattan Project', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manhattan_Project_(album)', 'summary': 'Manhattan Project is an album by Jamaican-born jazz trumpeter Dizzy Reece featuring performances recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label . In 2015 , Mosaic Records included this recording in The Complete Bee Hive Sessions ( Mosaic MD12-261 ) , a 12-CD box set .'}]}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Haynes , Art Davis , Clifford Jordan , Charles Davis , Albert Dailey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Art_Davis', 'summary': 'Art Davis ( December 5 , 1934 - July 29 , 2007 ) was a double-bassist , known for his work with Thelonious Monk , John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , McCoy Tyner and Max Roach .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Clifford_Jordan', 'summary': "Clifford Laconia Jordan ( September 2 , 1931 - March 27 , 1993 ) was an American jazz tenor saxophone player . While in Chicago , he performed with Max Roach , Sonny Stitt , and some rhythm and blues groups . He moved to New York City in 1957 , after which he recorded three albums for Blue Note . He recorded with Horace Silver , J.J. Johnson , and Kenny Dorham , among others . He was part of the Charles Mingus Sextet , with Eric Dolphy , during its 1964 European tour . Jordan toured Africa with Randy Weston , and performed in Paris while living in Belgium . In later years , he led his own groups , performed with Cedar Walton 's quartet Eastern Rebellion , and led a big band . Jordan was married to Shirley Jordan , a designer and former owner of Clothing Manufacturing Corporation in New York . He later married Sandy Jordan ( née Williams ) , a graphic artist and Honorary Founders Board member of the Jazz Foundation of America ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Davis_(saxophonist)', 'summary': 'Charles Davis ( May 20 , 1933 - July 15 , 2016 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . Davis played alto , tenor and baritone saxophone , and performed extensively with Archie Shepp and Sun Ra .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Albert_Dailey', 'summary': 'Albert Preston Dailey ( June 16 , 1939 - June 26 , 1984 ) was an American jazz pianist .'}]}, {'value': '7002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sal Salvador', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sal_Salvador', 'summary': 'Sal Salvador ( 1925-1999 ) was a bebop jazz guitarist and a prominent music educator .'}]}, {'value': 'Starfingers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Starfingers', 'summary': 'Starfingers is an album by guitarist Sal Salvador which was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddie Bert , Nick Brignola , Sam Jones , Mel Lewis , Derek Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddie_Bert', 'summary': 'Edward Joseph Bertolatus ( May 16 , 1922 - September 27 , 2012 ) , better known as Eddie Bert , was an American jazz trombonist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nick_Brignola', 'summary': 'Nick Brignola ( July 17 , 1936 - February 8 , 2002 ) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Jones_(musician)', 'summary': 'Samuel Jones ( November 12 , 1924 - December 15 , 1981 ) was an American jazz double bassist , cellist , and composer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mel_Lewis', 'summary': 'Melvin Sokoloff ( May 10 , 1929 - February 2 , 1990 ) , known professionally as Mel Lewis , was an American jazz drummer , session musician , professor , and author . He received fourteen Grammy Award nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Derek_Smith_(musician)', 'summary': 'Derek Smith ( 17 August 1931 - 19 August 2016 ) was a British jazz pianist .'}]}, {'value': '7006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sal Nistico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sal_Nistico', 'summary': "Salvatore Nistico ( 2 April 1941 , in Syracuse , New York state - 3 March 1991 , in Berne , Switzerland ) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist . Associated for many years with Woody Herman 's Herd , Nistico played in the 1962-65 group , considered one of Herman 's best bands , with Bill Chase , Jake Hanna , Nat Pierce , and Phil Wilson . He started playing alto saxophone , switching to tenor in 1956 , on a Buescher before switching to a Conn 10M tenor saxophone , and briefly played baritone saxophone . From 1959 to 1961 , he played with the Jazz Brothers band ( Chuck Mangione and Gap Mangione ) . In 1965 , he joined Count Basie but returned on many occasions to play with Herman . Around that time he was also a member of Dusko Goykovich 's sextet with other musicians associated with the Herd , such as Carl Fontana , Nat Pierce , and Michael Moore . He also played with Nat Adderley , Don Ellis , Buddy Rich , and Stan Tracey . Nistico 's solo work contrasts his big band work . His solo work is more oriented towards bebop , as heard on the Heavyweights recording on Riverside Records ."}]}, {'value': 'Neo/Nistico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neo/Nistico', 'summary': 'Neo/Nistico is an album by saxophonist Sal Nistico which was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ted Curson , Nick Brignola , Ronnie Mathews , Sam Jones , Roy Haynes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Curson', 'summary': "Theodore Curson ( June 3 , 1935 - November 4 , 2012 ) was an American jazz trumpeter . Curson was born in Philadelphia . He became interested in playing trumpet after watching a newspaper salesman play a silver trumpet . Curson 's father , however , wanted him to play alto saxophone like Louis Jordan . When he was ten , he got his first trumpet . He attended Granoff School of Music in Philadelphia . At the suggestion of Miles Davis , he moved to New York in 1956 . He performed and recorded with Cecil Taylor in the late 1950s and early 1960s . His composition Tears for Dolphy has been used in numerous films . He was a familiar face in Finland , having performed at the Pori Jazz festival every year since it began in 1966 . In 2007 , he performed at Finland 's Independence Day Ball at the invitation of president Tarja Halonen . A longtime resident of Montclair , New Jersey , Curson died there on November 4 , 2012 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nick_Brignola', 'summary': 'Nick Brignola ( July 17 , 1936 - February 8 , 2002 ) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ronnie_Mathews', 'summary': "Ronald Mathews ( December 2 , 1935 in New York City - June 28 , 2008 in Brooklyn ) was an American jazz pianist who worked with Max Roach from 1963 to 1968 and Art Blakey 's Jazz Messengers . He acted as lead in recording from 1963 and 1978-79 . His most recent work was in 2008 , as both a mentor and musician with Generations , a group of jazz musicians headed by veteran drummer Jimmy Cobb . He contributed two new compositions for the album that was released by San Francisco State University 's International Center for the Arts on September 15 , 2008 . Critics have compared him to pianists Thelonious Monk , Bud Powell , and McCoy Tyner ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sam_Jones_(musician)', 'summary': 'Samuel Jones ( November 12 , 1924 - December 15 , 1981 ) was an American jazz double bassist , cellist , and composer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roy_Haynes', 'summary': 'Roy Owen Haynes ( born March 13 , 1925 ) is an American jazz drummer and group leader . Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz , and in a career lasting over 70 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz . Snap Crackle was a nickname given him in the 1950s . He has also led his own groups , some performing under the name Hip Ensemble . His recordings as a leader , Fountain of Youth and Whereas , were nominated for a Grammy Award . He continues to perform worldwide and was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999 . His son Graham Haynes is a cornetist ; his son Craig Haynes and grandson Marcus Gilmore are both drummers .'}]}, {'value': '7007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Curtis Fuller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Curtis_Fuller', 'summary': "Curtis DuBois Fuller ( born December 15 , 1934 ) is an American jazz trombonist , known as a member of Art Blakey 's Jazz Messengers and contributor to many classic jazz recordings ."}]}, {'value': 'Fire and Filigree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fire_and_Filigree', 'summary': 'Fire and Filigree is a studio album by American jazz trombonist Curtis Fuller which was released on December 6 , 1978 via Bee Hive Records label .'}]}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sam Jones , Freddie Waits , Walter Bishop , Jr. , Sal Nistico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sam_Jones_(musician)', 'summary': 'Samuel Jones ( November 12 , 1924 - December 15 , 1981 ) was an American jazz double bassist , cellist , and composer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Freddie_Waits', 'summary': "Frederick Freddie Douglas Waits ( April 27 , 1943 - November 18 , 1989 ) was a hard bop and post-bop drummer . He never officially recorded as leader , but was a prominent member and composer in Max Roach 's M'Boom percussion ensemble . He worked as sideman with a number of influential pianists , including McCoy Tyner , Kenny Barron , Andrew Hill , Gene Harris , Billy Taylor and Joe Zawinul . In 1967 , Waits recorded with Freddie Hubbard . He was a member of the last Lee Morgan Quintet , a journey cut short by Morgan 's murder in 1972 . In the late 1970s , Waits formed Colloquium III with fellow drummers Horace Arnold and Billy Hart . In the 1980s he became a music faculty member of Rutgers University . He died of pneumonia and kidney failure in New York in 1989 . His son is the drummer Nasheet Waits ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Walter_Bishop,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Walter Bishop Jr. ( October 4 , 1927 - January 24 , 1998 ) was an American jazz pianist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sal_Nistico', 'summary': "Salvatore Nistico ( 2 April 1941 , in Syracuse , New York state - 3 March 1991 , in Berne , Switzerland ) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist . Associated for many years with Woody Herman 's Herd , Nistico played in the 1962-65 group , considered one of Herman 's best bands , with Bill Chase , Jake Hanna , Nat Pierce , and Phil Wilson . He started playing alto saxophone , switching to tenor in 1956 , on a Buescher before switching to a Conn 10M tenor saxophone , and briefly played baritone saxophone . From 1959 to 1961 , he played with the Jazz Brothers band ( Chuck Mangione and Gap Mangione ) . In 1965 , he joined Count Basie but returned on many occasions to play with Herman . Around that time he was also a member of Dusko Goykovich 's sextet with other musicians associated with the Herd , such as Carl Fontana , Nat Pierce , and Michael Moore . He also played with Nat Adderley , Don Ellis , Buddy Rich , and Stan Tracey . Nistico 's solo work contrasts his big band work . His solo work is more oriented towards bebop , as heard on the Heavyweights recording on Riverside Records ."}]}, {'value': '7008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronnie Mathews', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronnie_Mathews', 'summary': "Ronald Mathews ( December 2 , 1935 in New York City - June 28 , 2008 in Brooklyn ) was an American jazz pianist who worked with Max Roach from 1963 to 1968 and Art Blakey 's Jazz Messengers . He acted as lead in recording from 1963 and 1978-79 . His most recent work was in 2008 , as both a mentor and musician with Generations , a group of jazz musicians headed by veteran drummer Jimmy Cobb . He contributed two new compositions for the album that was released by San Francisco State University 's International Center for the Arts on September 15 , 2008 . Critics have compared him to pianists Thelonious Monk , Bud Powell , and McCoy Tyner ."}]}, {'value': 'Roots , Branches & Dances', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roots,_Branches_&_Dances', 'summary': 'Roots , Branches & Dances is an album by pianist Ronnie Mathews which was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Foster , Ray Drummond , Al Foster , Azzedin Weston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Foster_(musician)', 'summary': 'Frank Benjamin Foster III ( September 23 , 1928 - July 26 , 2011 ) was an American tenor and soprano saxophonist , flautist , arranger , and composer . Foster collaborated frequently with Count Basie and worked as a bandleader from the early 1950s . In 1998 , Howard University awarded Frank Foster with the Benny Golson Jazz Master Award .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ray_Drummond', 'summary': 'Ray Drummond ( born November 23 , 1946 in Brookline , Massachusetts ) is a jazz bassist and teacher . He also has an MBA from Stanford University , hence his linkage to the Stanford Jazz Workshop . He can be heard on hundreds of albums and co-leads The Drummonds with Renee Rosnes and ( not related ) Billy Drummond . Drummond has been a resident of Teaneck , New Jersey , since 1980 with his wife , Susan , and his daughter , Maya . He is the elder brother of David Drummond , senior vice president , corporate development and chief legal officer of Google Inc .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Al_Foster', 'summary': "Al Foster ( born January 18 , 1943 ) is an American jazz drummer . Foster played with Miles Davis during the 1970s and was one of the few people to have contact with Davis during his retirement from 1975-1981 . Foster also played on Davis 's 1981 comeback album The Man with the Horn . He was the only musician to play in Davis 's band both before and after his retirement . He has toured extensively with Herbie Hancock , Sonny Rollins , and Joe Henderson ."}]}, {'value': '7009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sal Salvador', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Juicy Lucy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juicy_Lucy_(Sal_Salvador_album)', 'summary': 'Juicy Lucy is an album by guitarist Sal Salvador which was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Billy Taylor , Art Davis , Joe Morello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Billy_Taylor', 'summary': "Billy Taylor ( July 24 , 1921 - December 28 , 2010 ) was an American jazz pianist , composer , broadcaster and educator . He was the Robert L. Jones Distinguished Professor of Music at East Carolina University in Greenville , and from 1994 was the artistic director for jazz at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington , D.C. A jazz activist , Taylor sat on the Honorary Founders Board of The Jazz Foundation of America , an organisation he started in 1989 , with Ann Ruckert , Herb Storfer and Phoebe Jacobs , to save the homes and the lives of America 's elderly jazz and blues musicians , later including musicians who survived Hurricane Katrina . Taylor was also a jazz educator , who lectured in colleges , served on panels and travelled worldwide as a jazz ambassador . Critic Leonard Feather once said , It is almost indisputable that Dr. Billy Taylor is the world 's foremost spokesman for jazz ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Art_Davis', 'summary': 'Art Davis ( December 5 , 1934 - July 29 , 2007 ) was a double-bassist , known for his work with Thelonious Monk , John Coltrane , Dizzy Gillespie , McCoy Tyner and Max Roach .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Morello', 'summary': "Joseph Albert Morello ( July 17 , 1928 - March 12 , 2011 ) was a jazz drummer best known for his work with the Dave Brubeck Quartet . He was particularly noted for playing in the unusual time signatures employed by that group in such pieces as Take Five and Blue Rondo à la Turk . Popular for its work on college campuses during the 1950s , Brubeck 's group reached new heights with Morello . In June 1959 , Morello participated in a recording session with the quartet - completed by the alto saxophonist Paul Desmond and the bassist Eugene Wright - that yielded Kathy 's Waltz and Three to Get Ready , both of which intermingled 3/4 and 4/4 time signatures ."}]}, {'value': '7010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Brignola', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burn Brigade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burn_Brigade', 'summary': 'Burn Brigade is an album by baritone saxophonist Nick Brignola which was recorded in 1979 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronnie Cuber , Cecil Payne , Walter Davis , Jr. , Walter Booker , Jimmy Cobb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronnie_Cuber', 'summary': "Ronald Edward Cuber ( born December 25 , 1941 ) is a jazz saxophonist . He has also played in Latin , pop , rock , and blues sessions . In addition to his primary instrument , baritone sax , he has played tenor sax , soprano sax , clarinet , and flute , the latter on an album by Eddie Palmieri as well as on his own recordings . As a leader , Cuber is known for hard bop and Latin jazz . As a side man , he has played with B . B . King , Paul Simon , and Eric Clapton . Cuber can be heard on Freeze Frame by the J. Geils Band , and one of his most spirited performances is on Dr. Lonnie Smith 's 1970 Blue Note album Drives . He was also a member of the Saturday Night Live Band . Cuber was in Marshall Brown 's Newport Youth Band in 1959 , where he switched from tenor to baritone sax . His first notable work was with Slide Hampton ( 1962 ) and Maynard Ferguson ( 1963-1965 ) . Then from 1966 to 1967 , Cuber worked with George Benson ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cecil_Payne', 'summary': 'Cecil Payne ( December 14 , 1922 - November 27 , 2007 ) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist born in Brooklyn , New York . Payne also played the alto saxophone and flute . He played with other prominent jazz musicians , in particular Dizzy Gillespie and Randy Weston , in addition to his solo work as bandleader .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walter_Davis,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Walter Davis Jr. ( September 2 , 1932 - June 2 , 1990 ) was an American hard bop pianist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walter_Booker', 'summary': 'Walter Booker ( December 17 , 1933 - November 24 , 2006 ) was an American jazz musician . A native of Prairie View , Texas , Booker was a reliable bass player and an underrated stylist . His playing was marked by voice-like inflections , glissandos and tremolo techniques .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Cobb', 'summary': 'Wilbur James Cobb ( born January 20 , 1929 ) is an American jazz drummer .'}]}, {'value': '7011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronnie Mathews', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Legacy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Legacy_(Ronnie_Mathews_album)', 'summary': 'Legacy is an album by pianist Ronnie Mathews which was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '79', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricky Ford , Bill Hardman , Walter Booker , Jimmy Cobb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Ford', 'summary': 'Ricky Ford ( born March 4 , 1954 ) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Hardman', 'summary': 'William Franklin Hardman , Jr. ( April 6 , 1933 in Cleveland , Ohio - December 5 , 1990 in Paris , France ) was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist who chiefly played hard bop . He was married to Roseline and they had a daughter Nadege .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walter_Booker', 'summary': 'Walter Booker ( December 17 , 1933 - November 24 , 2006 ) was an American jazz musician . A native of Prairie View , Texas , Booker was a reliable bass player and an underrated stylist . His playing was marked by voice-like inflections , glissandos and tremolo techniques .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Cobb', 'summary': 'Wilbur James Cobb ( born January 20 , 1929 ) is an American jazz drummer .'}]}, {'value': '7012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny Hartman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Hartman', 'summary': "John Maurice Hartman ( July 3 , 1923 - September 15 , 1983 ) was an American jazz singer who specialized in ballads and earned critical acclaim , though he was never widely known . He recorded a well-known collaboration with the saxophonist John Coltrane in 1963 called John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman , was briefly a member of Dizzy Gillespie 's group and recorded with Erroll Garner . Most of Hartman 's career was spent recording solo albums ."}]}, {'value': 'Once in Every Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Once_in_Every_Life', 'summary': 'Once in Every Life is an album by vocalist Johnny Hartman which was recorded in 1980 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '80', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victor Gaskin , Keith Copeland , Al Gafa , Billy Taylor , Joe Wilder , Frank Wess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victor_Gaskin', 'summary': "Roderick Victor Gaskin , born The Bronx , New York , November 23 , 1934 and was a jazz bassist . He died on July 14 , 2012 in Frederiksted , U.S. Virgin Islands . Gaskin moved to Los Angeles in 1962 and started playing with Paul Horn and Red Mitchell before going on to become one of many bass players for the Jazz Crusaders . He also recorded with Curtis Amy and Dupree Bolton , before becoming a part of the West Coast jazz scene , accompanying Buddy Collette , Shelly Manne , and Bud Shank . Between 1966 and 1970 , he was a member of Cannonball Adderley 's groups , and in 1970 recorded with Duke Ellington 's octet , quintet , quartet and trio . He started playing with the Billy Taylor Trio in the late 1970s , continuing until 1993 , as well as with Johnny Hartman and Hank Jones . Between 1994 and 2001 Victor Gaskin was in Singapore and performed regularly at The Four Seasons Hotel with Boni de Souza & Friends for the iconic Sunday Jazz Brunch - They were the pioneers of the Sunday Jazz Brunch scene in Singapore setting the trend for other Hotel offerings of the similar concept for years to come . During Victor 's stay in SIngapore he was also featured on 2 jazz albums produced by Boni de Souza , The first a Latin jazz infused CD featured Wendy Low on Flute , Boni de Souza on piano , Victor Gaskin on Double Bass and Sanip Ismail on Drums . The second and more definitive offering was Eau de Vie featuring some original compositions by Boni de Souza as well as alternative arrangements of jazz standards which featured Victor on Double Bass , Farid Ali on Guitar , Boni de Souza - acoustic piano , Wendy Low - Flute , Sanip Ismail - drums as well as various guest musicians ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Keith_Copeland', 'summary': 'Keith Copeland ( born in New York City on April 18 , 1946 , died in Germany on February 14 , 2015 ) was a jazz drummer and music educator .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Taylor', 'summary': "Billy Taylor ( July 24 , 1921 - December 28 , 2010 ) was an American jazz pianist , composer , broadcaster and educator . He was the Robert L. Jones Distinguished Professor of Music at East Carolina University in Greenville , and from 1994 was the artistic director for jazz at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington , D.C. A jazz activist , Taylor sat on the Honorary Founders Board of The Jazz Foundation of America , an organisation he started in 1989 , with Ann Ruckert , Herb Storfer and Phoebe Jacobs , to save the homes and the lives of America 's elderly jazz and blues musicians , later including musicians who survived Hurricane Katrina . Taylor was also a jazz educator , who lectured in colleges , served on panels and travelled worldwide as a jazz ambassador . Critic Leonard Feather once said , It is almost indisputable that Dr. Billy Taylor is the world 's foremost spokesman for jazz ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Wilder', 'summary': "Joseph Benjamin Wilder ( February 22 , 1922 - May 9 , 2014 ) was an American jazz trumpeter , bandleader , and composer . His Grandchildren are Bleu Roberson , Lilly Townsend and Greycia Roberson ( Last named after his middle name ) Wilder was awarded the Temple University Jazz Master 's Hall of Fame Award in 2006 . The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with its highest honor in jazz , the NEA Jazz Masters Award for 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Wess', 'summary': "Frank Wellington Wess ( January 4 , 1922 - October 30 , 2013 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and flautist . In addition to his extensive solo work , Wess is remembered for his time in Count Basie 's band from the early 1950s into the 1960s . Critic Scott Yannow described him as one of the premier proteges of Lester Young , and a leading jazz flautist of his era - using the latter instrument to bring new colors to Basie 's music ."}]}, {'value': '7013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roland Hanna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roland_Hanna', 'summary': 'Roland Pembroke Hanna ( February 10 , 1932 - November 13 , 2002 ) was an American jazz pianist , composer , and teacher .'}]}, {'value': 'The New York Jazz Quartet in Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_New_York_Jazz_Quartet_in_Chicago', 'summary': 'The New York Jazz Quartet in Chicago is an album by pianist Roland Hanna and the New York Jazz Quartet which was recorded in 1981 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Mraz , Ben Riley , Frank Wess', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mraz', 'summary': "George Mraz ( born Jiří Mráz on 9 September 1944 in Písek , Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , now Czech Republic ) is a jazz bassist and alto saxophonist . He was a member of Oscar Peterson 's group , and has worked with Pepper Adams , Stan Getz , Michel Petrucciani , Stephane Grappelli , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Raney , Chet Baker , Joe Henderson , John Abercrombie , John Scofield , Richie Beirach and many other important jazz musicians . During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra , and in the 1980s a member of Quest . He has also appeared with Joe Lovano , Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano 's records I 'm All For You and Joyous Encounter . Mraz is also known for performing solos with a bow in arco style , similar to that of Paul Chambers . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Ben_Riley', 'summary': 'Benjamin Alexander Riley Jr. ( July 17 , 1933 - November 18 , 2017 ) was an American jazz drummer known for his work with Thelonious Monk , as well as Alice Coltrane , Stan Getz , Woody Herman , Eddie Lockjaw Davis , Ahmad Jamal , Kenny Barron , and as member of the group Sphere . During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Wess', 'summary': "Frank Wellington Wess ( January 4 , 1922 - October 30 , 2013 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and flautist . In addition to his extensive solo work , Wess is remembered for his time in Count Basie 's band from the early 1950s into the 1960s . Critic Scott Yannow described him as one of the premier proteges of Lester Young , and a leading jazz flautist of his era - using the latter instrument to bring new colors to Basie 's music ."}]}, {'value': '7014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clifford Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifford_Jordan', 'summary': "Clifford Laconia Jordan ( September 2 , 1931 - March 27 , 1993 ) was an American jazz tenor saxophone player . While in Chicago , he performed with Max Roach , Sonny Stitt , and some rhythm and blues groups . He moved to New York City in 1957 , after which he recorded three albums for Blue Note . He recorded with Horace Silver , J.J. Johnson , and Kenny Dorham , among others . He was part of the Charles Mingus Sextet , with Eric Dolphy , during its 1964 European tour . Jordan toured Africa with Randy Weston , and performed in Paris while living in Belgium . In later years , he led his own groups , performed with Cedar Walton 's quartet Eastern Rebellion , and led a big band . Jordan was married to Shirley Jordan , a designer and former owner of Clothing Manufacturing Corporation in New York . He later married Sandy Jordan ( née Williams ) , a graphic artist and Honorary Founders Board member of the Jazz Foundation of America ."}]}, {'value': 'Hyde Park After Dark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyde_Park_After_Dark', 'summary': 'Hyde Park After Dark is an album by saxophonist Clifford Jordan which was recorded in Chicago in 1981 together with Victor Sproles on bass , Wilbur Campbell on drums , Norman Simmons on piano , Cy Touff on bass trumpet , and Von Freeman on saxophone . The album is a tribute to the Chicago jazz scene and a reunion of important players from the 1950s .'}]}, {'value': '81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Von Freeman , Cy Touff , Norman Simmons , Victor Sproles , Wilbur Campbell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Von_Freeman', 'summary': 'Earle Lavon Von Freeman Sr. ( October 3 , 1923 - August 11 , 2012 ) was an American hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cy_Touff', 'summary': "Cyril James Touff ( March 4 , 1927 , Chicago - January 24 , 2003 , Evanston , Illinois ) was a jazz bass trumpeter . He was one of the few jazz musicians known as a bass trumpeter . He was also associated with West coast jazz even though he spent most of his life in Chicago . He started on piano at age 6 and went on to play xylophone and saxophone before settling on trumpet . He served in the United States Army from 1944 to 1946 and in the military he played trombone . After the war he switched to bass trumpet and worked with Woody Herman and Sandy Mosse among others . He joined Herman 's band in 1953 and in 1954-55 played with a reduced version of the band that also included Richie Kamuca . He and Mosse co-led an octet called Pieces of Eight late in the 1950s into the next decade ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Norman_Simmons_(musician)', 'summary': "Norman Simmons ( born October 6 , 1929 ) is an American arranger , composer , educator , and most prominently a pianist who has worked extensively with Helen Humes , Carmen McRae , Sarah Vaughan , Anita O'Day , and Joe Williams among others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Victor_Sproles', 'summary': "Victor Sproles ( November 18 , 1927 in Chicago - May 13 , 2005 ) was an American jazz bassist . Sproles worked in the 1950s with Red Rodney and Ira Sullivan and appears on the Sun Ra recordings Super-Sonic Jazz , Sound of Joy and Deep Purple . In 1957 he appeared on the Verve recording Stan Meets Chet with Stan Getz and Chet Baker . In 1960 he joined Johnny Griffin 's Big Soul Band and in 1961 played in Muhal Richard Abrams ' Experimental Band . In 1964 he joined Art Blakey 's Jazz Messengers , recording the album 'SMake It for Limelight ; Lee Morgan and his old Sun Ra bandmate John Gilmore were in the group . He recorded two more albums with the Messengers after Gilmore left . He subsequently appeared Lee Morgan 's Blue Note albums The Rumproller and The Sixth Sense . In 1974 he played in Clark Terry 's big band and appeared on Buddy DeFranco 's album Free Fall ."}]}, {'value': '7015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junior Mance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Junior_Mance', 'summary': 'Julian Clifford Mance , Jr. ( known as Junior Mance , born October 10 , 1928 ) is an American jazz pianist and composer .'}]}, {'value': "Truckin ' and Trakin '", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Truckin'_and_Trakin'", 'summary': "Truckin ' and Trakin ' is an album by jazz pianist Junior Mance with saxophonist David Fathead Newman which was released on the Bee Hive label in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': '83', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Fathead Newman , Martin Rivera , Walter Bolden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_"Fathead"_Newman', 'summary': "David Fathead Newman ( February 24 , 1933 - January 20 , 2009 ) was an American jazz and rhythm-and-blues saxophonist who made numerous recordings as a session musician and leader , but is best known for his work as a sideman on seminal 1950s and early 1960s recordings by singer-pianist Ray Charles . The AllMusic Guide to Jazz wrote that there have not been many saxophonists and flutists more naturally soulful than David Fathead Newman , and that one of jazz 's and popular music 's great pleasures is to hear , during a vocalist 's break , the gorgeous , huge Newman tones filling the space… Newman is sometimes cited as a leading exponent of the so-called Texas Tenor saxophone style , which refers to the many big-toned , bluesy jazz tenor players from that state ."}]}, {'value': '7016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Katz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Katz', 'summary': "Richard Aaron Katz ( March 13 , 1924 - November 10 , 2009 ) was an American jazz pianist , arranger and record producer . He freelanced throughout much of his career , and worked in a number of ensembles . He co-founded Milestone Records in 1966 with Orrin Keepnews . He studied at the Peabody Institute , the Manhattan School of Music , and Juilliard . He also took piano lessons from Teddy Wilson . In the 1950s , he joined the house rhythm section of the Café Bohemia , and worked in the groups of Ben Webster and Kenny Dorham , Oscar Pettiford , and , later , Carmen McRae . From 1954 to 1955 , he was part of the J. J. Johnson/Kai Winding Quintet . He also worked in Orchestra USA and participated on Benny Carter 's Further Definitions album , and worked on some of Helen Merrill 's recordings . In the late 1960s , he played with Roy Eldridge and Lee Konitz . In the 1990s , he worked as a pianist and arranger with the American Jazz Orchestra and Loren Schoenberg 's big band . Will Friedwald called Katz a keyboardist of uncommon sensitivity and harmonic acumen . He was the favorite pianist of Benny Carter and Coleman Hawkins , as well as vocalists Carmen McRae and Helen Merrill ."}]}, {'value': 'In High Profile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/In_High_Profile', 'summary': 'In High Profile is an album by pianist Dick Katz which was recorded in 1984 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Wess , Jimmy Knepper , Marc Johnson , Al Harewood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Knepper', 'summary': "James Minter Knepper ( November 22 , 1927 - June 14 , 2003 ) was an American jazz trombonist . In addition to his own recordings as leader , Knepper performed and recorded with Charlie Barnet , Woody Herman , Claude Thornhill , Stan Kenton , Benny Goodman , Gil Evans , Thad Jones and Mel Lewis , Toshiko Akiyoshi and Lew Tabackin , and , most famously , Charles Mingus in the late 1950s and early 1960s . Knepper died in 2003 of complications of Parkinson 's disease ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marc_Johnson_(musician)', 'summary': 'Marc Alan Johnson ( born October 21 , 1953 , in Omaha , Nebraska ) is an American jazz bass player , composer and band leader . Johnson was born in Nebraska and grew up in Texas . He is married to the Brazilian jazz pianist and singer Eliane Elias .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Al_Harewood', 'summary': 'Al Harewood ( June 3 , 1923 - March 13 , 2014 ) was an American left-handed jazz drummer and teacher , born in Brooklyn . As a musician Harewood worked with many jazz musicians including the J.J. Johnson/Kai Winding group , the Art Farmer/Gigi Grice band , David Amram , Betty Carter , and the Curtis Fuller-Benny Golson Sextet . He played on many jazz recordings under the leadership of Lou Donaldson , Horace Parlan , Ike Quebec , Dexter Gordon and Grant Green and had a long association with saxophonist Stanley Turrentine from 1959 onwards . He died in March 2014 at the age of 90 .'}]}, {'value': '7017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arnett Cobb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnett_Cobb', 'summary': 'Arnett Cleophus Cobb ( August 10 , 1918 - March 24 , 1989 ) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist , sometimes known as the Wild Man of the Tenor Sax because of his uninhibited stomping style . Cobb wrote the words and music for the jazz standard Smooth Sailing ( 1951 ) , which Ella Fitzgerald recorded for Decca on her album Lullabies of Birdland .'}]}, {'value': "Keep On Pushin '", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Keep_On_Pushin'", 'summary': "Keep on Pushin ' is an album by saxophonist Arnett Cobb which was recorded in 1984 and released on the Bee Hive label ."}]}, {'value': '84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Newman , Al Grey , Junior Mance , George Duvivier , Panama Francis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Newman_(trumpeter)', 'summary': "Joseph Dwight Newman ( 7 September 1922 - 4 July 1992 ) was an American jazz trumpeter , composer , and educator , best known for his time with Count Basie . Newman was born in New Orleans , Louisiana to Dwight , ( pianist ) and Louise Newman , a musical family , having his first music lessons from David Jones . He attended Alabama State College , where he joined the college band ( the Bama State Collegians ) , became its leader , and took it on tour . In 1941 he joined Lionel Hampton for two years , before signing with Count Basie , with whom he stayed for a total of thirteen years , interrupted by short breaks and a long period ( 1947-1952 ) spent first with saxophonist Illinois Jacquet and then drummer J. C. Heard . During his second period with Basie , which lasted for about nine years , he made a number of small-group recordings as the leader . He also played on Benny Goodman 's 1962 tour of the Soviet Union . In 1961 Newman left the Basie band and helped to found Jazz Interactions , of which he became president in 1967 . His wife , Rigmor Alfredsson Newman was the Executive Director . Jazz Interactions was a charitable organization which provided an information service , brought jazz master classes into schools and colleges , and later maintained its own Jazz Interaction Orchestra ( for which Newman wrote ) . In the 1970s and 1980s , Newman toured internationally and recorded for various major record labels . He suffered a stroke in 1991 , however , which seriously disabled him , and he died of complications from it in 1992 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Al_Grey', 'summary': "Al Grey ( June 6 , 1925 - March 24 , 2000 ) was a jazz trombonist who is most remembered for his association with the Count Basie orchestra . Grey is known for his plunger mute technique ( comparable to Tricky Sam Nanton , Bob Hunt and Wycliffe Gordon ) , and also wrote an instructional book called Plunger Techniques . As states Scott Yanow in his artist biography on Allmusic , Al Grey 's trademark phrases and often humorous use of the plunger mute long made him quite distinctive . After getting out of the service , he was with the orchestras of Benny Carter ( 1945-1946 ) , Jimmie Lunceford ( 1946-1947 ) , Lucky Millinder , and Lionel Hampton ( off and on during 1948-1953 ) . Grey was a well-featured soloist with the classic Dizzy Gillespie globetrotting orchestra during 1956-1957 ( taking an exciting solo at the 1957 Newport Jazz Festival on a blazing version of Cool Breeze ) . He was with Count Basie 's orchestra on three separate occasions ( 1957-1961 , 1964-1966 , and 1971-1977 ) , led a band with Billy Mitchell in the early '60s , and had a group with Jimmy Forrest after leaving Basie in 1977 . In later years , Grey performed and recorded often with Clark Terry , made a CD with the Statesmen of Jazz , and for a time led a quintet that featured his son Mike Grey on second trombone . Al Grey recorded as a leader for Argo ( 1959-1964 ) , Tangerine , Black & Blue , Stash , Chiaroscuro , and Capri , and co-led an excellent Pablo date in 1983 with J.J. Johnson . He died of complications from diabetes on March 24 , 2000 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Junior_Mance', 'summary': 'Julian Clifford Mance , Jr. ( known as Junior Mance , born October 10 , 1928 ) is an American jazz pianist and composer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Duvivier', 'summary': 'George Duvivier ( August 17 , 1920 - July 11 , 1985 ) was an American jazz double-bassist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Panama_Francis', 'summary': 'David Albert Panama Francis ( December 21 , 1918 - November 13 , 2001 ) was an American swing jazz drummer who also played on numerous hit recordings in the 1950s .'}]}, {'value': '7018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clifford Jordan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr. Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dr._Chicago', 'summary': 'Dr. Chicago is an album by saxophonist Clifford Jordan which was recorded in 1984 and released on the Bee Hive label .'}]}, {'value': '85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaki Byard , Red Rodney , Vernel Fournier , Ed Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaki_Byard', 'summary': "John Arthur Jaki Byard ( June 15 , 1922 - February 11 , 1999 ) was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist , composer and arranger . Mainly a pianist , he also played tenor and alto saxophones , among several other instruments . He was known for his eclectic style , incorporating everything from ragtime and stride to free jazz . Byard played with trumpeter Maynard Ferguson in the late 1950s and early 1960s , and was a member of bands led by bassist Charles Mingus for several years , including on several studio and concert recordings . The first of his recordings as a leader was in 1960 , but , despite being praised by critics , his albums and performances did not gain him much wider attention . In his 60-year career , Byard recorded at least 35 albums as leader , and more than 50 as a sideman . Byard 's influence on the music comes from his combining of musical styles during performance , and his parallel career in teaching . From 1969 Byard was heavily involved in jazz education : he began teaching at the New England Conservatory of Music and went on to work at several other music institutions , as well as having private students . He continued performing and recording , mainly in solo and small group settings , but he also led two big bands - one made up of some of his students , and the other of professional musicians . His death , from a single gunshot while in his home , remains an unsolved mystery ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Red_Rodney', 'summary': 'Robert Roland Chudnick ( September 27 , 1927 - May 27 , 1994 ) , known professionally as Red Rodney , was an American jazz trumpeter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vernel_Fournier', 'summary': 'Vernel Anthony Fournier ( July 30 , 1928 - November 4 , 2000 ) and , from 1975 , known as Amir Rushdan , was an American jazz drummer probably best known for his work with Ahmad Jamal from 1956 to 1962 .'}]}, {'value': '01', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bee Hive Sessions : Unissued Tunes Vol . 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Discography', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Bee_Hive_Records_0', 'intro': 'Bee Hive Records was a jazz record company and label established in 1977 by Jim and Susan Neumann in Chicago. Bee Hive was named for the club of the same name. Sometimes it recorded musicians who had started in Chicago, such as Junior Mance and Clifford Jordan. The first album was by Nick Brignola in 1977. Bee Hive was its own distributor, and its albums were not as widely available as those from other companies. In 2015, Mosaic Records released The Complete Bee Hive Sessions (Mosaic MD12-261), a 12-CD box set consisting of sixteen Bee Hive recording sessions from 1977 to 1984.'}
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What is the birth year of the flautist featured on Roots , Branches & Dances ?
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1928
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ff68ccf6a39ebd6c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_6', 'title': 'Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 6', 'header': ['#', 'Title', 'Characters', 'Director', 'Year', 'Series'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Congo Jazz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congo_Jazz', 'summary': "Congo Jazz is a Looney Tunes cartoon starring Warner Bros. ' first cartoon star , Bosko . The cartoon was released in September 1930 . It was distributed by Warner Bros. and The Vitaphone Corporation . Congo Jazz was the first cartoon to feature Bosko 's falsetto voice that he would use for the bulk of the series ' run ( the previous Bosko short , Sinkin ' in the Bathtub , had used a derisive African-American dialect ) . It has the earliest instance of a trombone gobble in animation ."}]}, {'value': 'Bosko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'September 6 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Smile , Darn Ya , Smile !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Smile,_Darn_Ya,_Smile!', 'summary': 'Smile , Darn Ya , Smile ! is a Merrie Melodies cartoon short ( September 5 , 1931 ) and also the title of the song performed in the cartoon . This is one of only three Merrie Melodies cartoons to star Foxy ; the other two are Lady , Play Your Mandolin ! ( August , 1931 ) and One More Time ( October 3 , 1931 ) . This short is a remake of Trolley Troubles , a Disney short featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in whose creation Hugh Harman had once been involved . A colorized version was produced in Korea . It was made by re-drawing the cels and backgrounds . The animation in this version is inferior , since many drawings were left out , causing jerky movement .'}]}, {'value': 'Foxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxy_(cartoon_character)', 'summary': 'Foxy is an animated cartoon character featured in three 1931 animated shorts in the Merrie Melodies series distributed by Warner Bros . He was the creation of animator Rudy Ising , who had worked for Walt Disney in the 1920s .'}]}, {'value': 'Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'September 5 , 1931', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Booze Hangs High', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Booze_Hangs_High', 'summary': "The Booze Hangs High , released in 1930 , is the fourth title in the Looney Tunes series and features Bosko , Warner Bros. ' first cartoon character ."}]}, {'value': 'Bosko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'December 27 , 1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One More Time', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/One_More_Time_(1931_film)', 'summary': "One More Time is a 1931 black-and-white Merrie Melodies cartoon short produced by Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising and animated by Friz Freleng and Paul J. Smith . The film is seven minutes in length . It stars Foxy as a Prohibition-era cop dealing with various miscreants . This was Foxy 's last theatrical appearance . A colorized version was produced in Korea by Fred Ladd , for Sunset Productions , the copyright holder at the time . It was made by re-drawing the cels and backgrounds . The animation in this version is inferior , since many drawings were left out , causing jerky movement ."}]}, {'value': 'Foxy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'October 3 , 1931', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Bosko 's Picture Show", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bosko's_Picture_Show", 'summary': "Bosko 's Picture Show was released on August 26 , 1933 , though at least one source claims the release date is September 18 , 1933 . It was the last Looney Tunes Bosko cartoon produced by Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising for Leon Schlesinger and Warner Bros . The duo moved on to produce cartoons for MGM , the first of which were released in 1934 . The music score was a work of Frank Marsales ."}]}, {'value': 'Bosko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Harman and Friz Freleng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Friz_Freleng', 'summary': "Isadore Friz Freleng ( August 21 , 1906 - May 26 , 1995 ) , often credited as I. Freleng , was an American animator , cartoonist , director , producer , and composer known for his work at Warner Bros. Cartoons on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He introduced and/or developed several of the studio 's biggest stars , including Bugs Bunny , Porky Pig , Tweety , Sylvester the Cat , Yosemite Sam ( to whom he was said to bear more than a passing resemblance ) , and Speedy Gonzales . The senior director at Warners ' Termite Terrace studio , Freleng directed more cartoons than any other director in the studio ( a total of 266 ) , and is also the most honored of the Warner directors , having won five Academy Awards and three Emmy Awards [ disputed - discuss ] . After Warners closed down the animation studio in 1963 , Freleng and business partner David H. DePatie founded DePatie-Freleng Enterprises , which produced cartoons ( including The Pink Panther Show ) , feature film title sequences , and Saturday-morning cartoons through the early 1980s . The nickname Friz came from his friend , Hugh Harman , who initially nicknamed him Congressman Frizby after a fictional senator who appeared in satirical pieces in the Los Angeles Examiner . Over time , this shortened to Friz ."}]}, {'value': 'August 26 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': "You Do n't Know What You 're Doin ' !", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/You_Don't_Know_What_You're_Doin'!", 'summary': "You Do n't Know What You 're Doin ' ! is a 1931 animated short subject directed by Rudolf Ising and produced by Hugh Harman , Rudolf Ising , and Leon Schlesinger as part of the Merrie Melodies series from the Harman-Ising studios and distributed by Warner Bros. First released on October 21 , 1931 , the film is perhaps one of the most amusing and effective of the cartoons from the studio 's earliest years ."}]}, {'value': 'Piggy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piggy_(Merrie_Melodies)', 'summary': "Piggy is an animated cartoon character in the Merrie Melodies series of films distributed by Warner Bros . The character first appeared as a fat , black pig wearing a pair of shorts with two large buttons in the front . His coloration and dress were identical to those of the Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse before the advent of color film . John Kenworthy argues that , considering the fact that some sketches of mice which Hugh Harman had drawn in 1925 were the inspiration for the creation of Mickey Mouse , Harman and Ising never intended to copy Disney . Piggy 's name came from one of two brothers who were childhood classmates of Freleng 's , nicknamed Porky and Piggy ."}]}, {'value': 'Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'October 21 , 1931', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': "We 're in the Money", 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'August 26 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ride Him , Bosko !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ride_Him,_Bosko!', 'summary': "Ride Him , Bosko ! released in 1932 , is an animated short film in Warner Bros. ' Looney Tunes series . It features Bosko , Warner Bros. ' first cartoon character and his sweetheart Honey in the Old West ."}]}, {'value': 'Bosko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Harman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'September 17 , 1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shuffle Off to Buffalo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudolf Ising and Friz Freleng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Friz_Freleng', 'summary': "Isadore Friz Freleng ( August 21 , 1906 - May 26 , 1995 ) , often credited as I. Freleng , was an American animator , cartoonist , director , producer , and composer known for his work at Warner Bros. Cartoons on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He introduced and/or developed several of the studio 's biggest stars , including Bugs Bunny , Porky Pig , Tweety , Sylvester the Cat , Yosemite Sam ( to whom he was said to bear more than a passing resemblance ) , and Speedy Gonzales . The senior director at Warners ' Termite Terrace studio , Freleng directed more cartoons than any other director in the studio ( a total of 266 ) , and is also the most honored of the Warner directors , having won five Academy Awards and three Emmy Awards [ disputed - discuss ] . After Warners closed down the animation studio in 1963 , Freleng and business partner David H. DePatie founded DePatie-Freleng Enterprises , which produced cartoons ( including The Pink Panther Show ) , feature film title sequences , and Saturday-morning cartoons through the early 1980s . The nickname Friz came from his friend , Hugh Harman , who initially nicknamed him Congressman Frizby after a fictional senator who appeared in satirical pieces in the Los Angeles Examiner . Over time , this shortened to Friz ."}]}, {'value': 'July 8 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bosko in Person', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bosko_in_Person', 'summary': 'Bosko in Person is an American animated short film . It is a Looney Tune cartoon , featuring Bosko , the original star of the series . It was released on February 11 , 1933 , though one source claims the release date is April 10 , 1933 . Like most Looney Tunes of its day , it was directed by Hugh Harman ; its score is by Frank Marsales . The film features Bosko and Honey in a vaudeville-act . This is the first cartoon directed by Friz Freleng .'}]}, {'value': 'Bosko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Harman and Friz Freleng', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Friz_Freleng', 'summary': "Isadore Friz Freleng ( August 21 , 1906 - May 26 , 1995 ) , often credited as I. Freleng , was an American animator , cartoonist , director , producer , and composer known for his work at Warner Bros. Cartoons on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons . He introduced and/or developed several of the studio 's biggest stars , including Bugs Bunny , Porky Pig , Tweety , Sylvester the Cat , Yosemite Sam ( to whom he was said to bear more than a passing resemblance ) , and Speedy Gonzales . The senior director at Warners ' Termite Terrace studio , Freleng directed more cartoons than any other director in the studio ( a total of 266 ) , and is also the most honored of the Warner directors , having won five Academy Awards and three Emmy Awards [ disputed - discuss ] . After Warners closed down the animation studio in 1963 , Freleng and business partner David H. DePatie founded DePatie-Freleng Enterprises , which produced cartoons ( including The Pink Panther Show ) , feature film title sequences , and Saturday-morning cartoons through the early 1980s . The nickname Friz came from his friend , Hugh Harman , who initially nicknamed him Congressman Frizby after a fictional senator who appeared in satirical pieces in the Los Angeles Examiner . Over time , this shortened to Friz ."}]}, {'value': 'February 11 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Dish Ran Away with the Spoon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudolf Ising', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harman_and_Ising', 'summary': 'Harman and Ising were an American animation team known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios .'}]}, {'value': 'August 5 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MM', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Buddy 's Day Out", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Buddy's_Day_Out", 'summary': "Buddy 's Day Out is an American animated short film released by Warner Bros. on September 9 , 1933 . It is the first Looney Tunes cartoon to feature Buddy , the second star of the series who was created by Earl Duvall . It was directed by former Disney animator Tom Palmer , who was shortly thereafter fired from the studio . It was the first cartoon produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions , the successor to Harman-Ising Productions . Musical direction was by Norman Spencer and Bernard B . Brown ."}]}, {'value': 'Buddy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buddy_(Looney_Tunes)', 'summary': 'Buddy is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros. Leon Schlesinger Productions series of cartoons . He was the second star of the series , after Bosko .'}]}, {'value': 'Tom Palmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(animator)', 'summary': 'Anthony Tony Pipolo , known professionally as Tom Palmer was an Italian-American animator and short film director who was active in the 1930s and worked at several animation studios . He was born with the surname of Pipolo but changed his name to Palmer . One of his brothers , Frank Pipolo , was a decorated New York City police officer .'}]}, {'value': 'September 2 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Buddy 's Beer Garden", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Buddy's_Beer_Garden", 'summary': "Buddy 's Beer Garden is an American animated short film , released November 18 , 1933 ( though at least one source gives November 11 as the date . ) It is a Looney Tunes cartoon , featuring Buddy , the second star of the series . It was supervised by Earl Duvall , here credited as Duval , was one of only five Warner Bros. cartoons directed by him , and one of only three Buddy shorts . Musical direction was by Norman Spencer ."}]}, {'value': 'Buddy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earl Duvall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earl_Duvall', 'summary': 'Earl Duvall ( /duːˈvɔːl/ ; April 2 , 1898 - January 7 , 1969 ) was an American artist and animator best known for his work on Disney comic strips in the early 1930s and for a handful of animated short films he directed at Warner Bros. Cartoons .'}]}, {'value': 'November 11 , 1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Buddy 's Circus", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Buddy's_Circus", 'summary': "Buddy 's Circus is an American animated short film . It is a Looney Tunes cartoon , featuring Buddy , the second star of the series . It was released on November 8 , 1934 , although one source suggests as a date August 25 of the same year . It was supervised by Jack King ; musical direction was by Norman Spencer ."}]}, {'value': 'Buddy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_King_(animator)', 'summary': 'James Patton Jack King ( November 4 , 1895 , Alabama - October 4 , 1958 , Los Angeles ) was an American animator and short film director best known for his work at Walt Disney Productions .'}]}, {'value': 'November 8 , 1934', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A Cartoonist 's Nightmare", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/A_Cartoonist's_Nightmare", 'summary': "A Cartoonist 's Nightmare is a 1935 Warner Bros. theatrical cartoon short in the Looney Tunes series , starring Beans the Cat in his first solo film . The film was directed by Jack King and was released on September 21 , 1935 ."}]}, {'value': 'Beans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Looney_Tunes_and_Merrie_Melodies_characters', 'summary': 'This is a list of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies characters .'}]}, {'value': 'Jack King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_King_(animator)', 'summary': 'James Patton Jack King ( November 4 , 1895 , Alabama - October 4 , 1958 , Los Angeles ) was an American animator and short film director best known for his work at Walt Disney Productions .'}]}, {'value': 'September 14 , 1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LT', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Disc 3 : Bosko , Buddy and Merrie Melodies', 'section_text': 'All cartoons on this disc are in black-and-white .', 'uid': 'Looney_Tunes_Golden_Collection:_Volume_6_4', 'intro': "Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 6 is a four-disc DVD box set collection of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons. Following the pattern of one release each year of the previous volumes, it was released on October 21, 2008. Warner Home Video had announced that this will be the final release in the Golden Collection series. Succeeding the Golden Collection series would be the Looney Tunes Platinum Collection series on Blu-ray, which had its first release in November 2011. On July 3, 2012, a two-disc DVD version of Volume 1 of the Platinum Collection was released. Volume 6 is far less child-friendly than the other five volumes in the series. Like Volumes 3, 4, and 5, it has a warning before each disc about the shorts containing content that some viewers would not consider to be politically correct by today's standards (but will be shown uncut and uncensored for historical reasons), and as such, is intended for the adult collector. However, Volume 6's disclaimer states that it is not suitable for children, as opposed to Volumes 3-5 stating that they may not be suitable for children. This is due to that in addition to containing cartoons that have racial and/or ethnic stereotypes (like in Volumes 3, 4, and 5) and references to sexism in Robert McKimson's Wild Wife, Volume 6 also contains many cartoons that pertain to World War II, most of them containing depictions or references to Adolf Hitler and Hideki Tojo or to Nazis and Imperial Japan in general. While Volumes 4 and 5 each had a couple explicitly WWII themed cartoons (Plane Daffy and Scrap Happy Daffy, respectively), Volume 6 is notable for having an entire disc dedicated to the subject (Disc 2: Patriotic Pals), including several of its bonus cartoons. Volume 6 was originally only released in North America due to the poor sales of Volume 5. However, the discs in this volume were not region-coded, making it easy for collectors outside of North America to import and play this set."}
| null | null |
Who was the character in the title who was the first cartoon to feature a falsetto voice that they would use for the bulk of the series ' run ?
|
Bosko
|
ff68f8498b51ad72
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nico_Mirallegro', 'title': 'Nico Mirallegro', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2007-2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hollyoaks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hollyoaks', 'summary': 'Hollyoaks is a British soap opera which has been broadcast on Channel 4 since 23 October 1995 . It was devised by Phil Redmond , who had also conceived the Channel 4 soap Brookside . The programme is set in the fictional village of Hollyoaks , a suburb of Chester , and is filmed at Lime Pictures in Childwall , Liverpool . When Hollyoaks premiered , it aired just one episode weekly ; it now airs five episodes a week . At its inception , the soap was targeted towards an adolescent and young adult audience , but now has broadened its appeal to all age groups . It has famously covered many taboo subjects rarely seen on British television . Beginning with a cast of fourteen characters , the serial now has upwards of fifty cast members . The longest-serving cast member is Nick Pickard , who plays Tony Hutchinson and has done since the very first episode . The programme has won 39 British Soap Awards , 18 Inside Soap Awards , one TRIC Award and one National Television Award . Hollyoaks has won the award for Best British Soap at the British Soap Awards twice , in 2014 and 2019 . Its win in 2014 broke the 15-year draw between rival soaps EastEnders and Coronation Street .'}]}, {'value': 'Barry Newt Newton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Newt_(Hollyoaks)', 'summary': "Barry Newt Newton is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , played by Nico Mirallegro . He debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 22 October 2007 . He was introduced as the serial 's first emo character and as the foster son of Jack and Frankie Osborne . During the character 's duration he was involved in notable storylines including schizophrenia , a suicide pact and living in foster care . In 2010 Mirallegro quit the serial to pursue other projects . Newt left the village on 25 June 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nominated - The British Soap Awards Best Newcomer Nominated - The British Soap Awards Best On-Screen Partnership ( shared with Marc Silcock )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_British_Soap_Awards', 'summary': 'The British Soap Awards ( BSA ) are an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom which honours the best of British soap operas . The ceremony is televised on ITV and is currently presented by Phillip Schofield . The trophies given to the winners are made from metal and glass , and have been manufactured by British firm Creative Awards since their inception .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_British_Soap_Awards', 'summary': 'The British Soap Awards ( BSA ) are an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom which honours the best of British soap operas . The ceremony is televised on ITV and is currently presented by Phillip Schofield . The trophies given to the winners are made from metal and glass , and have been manufactured by British firm Creative Awards since their inception .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marc_Silcock', 'summary': 'Marco Marc Silcock ( born 4 November 1988 ) is an English former actor , best known for his portrayal of Jackson Walsh in the British soap opera Emmerdale .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doctors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doctors_(2000_TV_series)', 'summary': "Doctors is a British medical soap opera which began broadcasting on BBC One on 26 March 2000 . Set in the fictional West Midlands town of Letherbridge , the soap follows the lives of the staff of both an NHS Doctor 's surgery and a University Campus Surgery , as well as their families and friends . Since 2016 , Doctors has taken an annual transmission break during the summer , to accommodate the BBC 's coverage of sport ceremonies and other daytime dramas ."}]}, {'value': 'Giovanni Mannasori', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moving On', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moving_On_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Moving On is a British television anthology series , created and executively produced by Jimmy McGovern , which consists of a series standalone contemporary dramas , each focusing on a pivotal turning point in the life of one or more of the characters in the featured episode . The first episode , entitled The Rain Has Stopped , aired on 18 May 2009 , and since , a total of fifty-five episodes have been broadcast across ten series . The series is broadcast at 14:15 on BBC One after Doctors , with each series usually stripped out across a single week . Thus far , Series 1 - 9 have also been released on DVD , with the first three series released by ITV Studios , and Series 4 - 9 being released by Simply Media , a subsidiary of the series ' production arm , LA Productions . It is the second longest Daytime Drama series on the BBC after Doctors ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Losing My Religion', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010-2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upstairs Downstairs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upstairs_Downstairs_(2010_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Upstairs Downstairs is a British drama series , broadcast on BBC One from 2010 to 2012 , and co-produced by BBC Wales and Masterpiece . Created and written by Heidi Thomas , it is a continuation of the London Weekend Television series Upstairs , Downstairs , which ran from 1971 to 1975 on ITV . The series resumes the story of 165 Eaton Place , the fictional setting of both iterations of the programme , in 1936 , six years after the original series concluded . Jean Marsh reprises her role as Rose Buck , who becomes housekeeper of the re-established household , with Ed Stoppard and Keeley Hawes playing its new owners Sir Hallam and Lady Agnes Holland . The first series , consisting of three episodes , was broadcast across consecutive nights during Christmas 2010 . The second and last series consists of six episodes , and first aired between 19 February 2012 and 25 March 2012 . The series is set from 1936 to the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 .'}]}, {'value': 'Johnny Proude', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Exile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exile_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Exile is a British psychological thriller television series dealing with the topic of Alzheimer 's disease against a background of corruption . It stars John Simm and Jim Broadbent and was broadcast on BBC One . The series received varyingly positive reviews . John Simm received a BAFTA nomination for his role as Tom Ronstadt , as did the director John Alexander ."}]}, {'value': 'Teenage Tom', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Body Farm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Body_Farm', 'summary': 'The Body Farm is a crime fiction novel by Patricia Cornwell . It is the fifth book in the Dr. Kay Scarpetta series .'}]}, {'value': 'Sam Villiers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode 1.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Last Tango in Halifax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Last_Tango_in_Halifax', 'summary': "Last Tango in Halifax is a British comedy-drama series that began broadcasting on BBC One on 20 November 2012 . Screenwriter Sally Wainwright loosely adapted the story of her mother 's second marriage . The series stars Derek Jacobi and Anne Reid as Alan and Celia . The series has been praised for its depiction of the older generation , strong acting , and believable dialogue . A critic for The Daily Telegraph summarised the series as a triumph against TV 's ageism , and it has been endorsed by an executive member of the charity Age UK . Ahead of the American premiere , a critic for the Los Angeles Times described it as the best new show of the fall . Last Tango in Halifax accrued four nominations for the 2013 British Academy Television Awards and won the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series ."}]}, {'value': 'Young Alan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode 1.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Village', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Village_(2013_TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Village is a BBC television series written by Peter Moffat . The drama is set in a Derbyshire village in the 20th century . The first series of what Moffat hoped would become a 42-hour televised drama , was broadcast in spring 2013 and covered the years 1914 to 1920 . A second series was broadcast in autumn 2014 , and continued the story into the 1920s . Future series were to be set during the Second World War , post-war Austerity Britain , and so on .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Middleton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Series 1 Nominated - British Academy Television Awards for Best Supporting Actor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Academy_Television_Awards', 'summary': 'The British Academy Television Awards , also known as the BAFTA TV Awards , are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) . They have been awarded annually since 1955 .'}]}, {'value': '2013-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'My Mad Fat Diary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Mad_Fat_Diary', 'summary': 'My Mad Fat Diary is a British comedy-drama television series that debuted on E4 on 14 January 2013 . It is based on the novel My Fat , Mad Teenage Diary by Rae Earl . The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014 , with each episode posted on 4oD a week prior to the television release . In November 2014 , it was announced that a final three-episode third series would be made , set in 1998 . After three series and sixteen episodes , My Mad Fat Diary broadcast its final episode on 6 July 2015 . The series was nominated for multiple BAFTA awards , with Sharon Rooney winning in 2015 for Best Drama Actress .'}]}, {'value': 'Finn Nelson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Series 1-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Common', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Common_(film)', 'summary': "Common is a 2014 BBC One 90-minute made-for-television drama , written by Jimmy McGovern , directed by David Blair and starring Nico Mirallegro , Michelle Fairley and Michael Gambon . It seeks to question some of the issues and challenges raised by England 's common purpose legal doctrine ."}]}, {'value': "Johnjo O'Shea", 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Ark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Ark_(film)', 'summary': 'The Ark is a BBC One programme , aired as a television film , broadcast in Spring 2015 , which retells the story of Noah .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Virtuoso', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franz', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rillington Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rillington_Place', 'summary': 'Rillington Place is a three-part biographical crime drama about the case of serial killer John Christie , and the wrongful execution of Timothy Evans . It premiered on 29 November 2016 on BBC One .'}]}, {'value': 'Timothy Evans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timothy_Evans', 'summary': "Timothy John Evans ( 20 November 1924 - 9 March 1950 ) was a Welshman falsely convicted and hanged for the murder of his wife and infant daughter at their residence at 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill , London . In January 1950 , he was tried for and convicted of the murder of his daughter . He was sentenced to death by hanging , a sentence that was later carried out . During his trial , Evans had accused his downstairs neighbour , John Christie , who was the chief prosecutors witness , of committing the murders . Three years after Evans ' execution , Christie was found to be a serial killer who had murdered six other women in the same house , including his own wife . Before his execution , Christie confessed to murdering Mrs. Evans . An official inquiry concluded in 1966 that Christie had also murdered Evans ' daughter , and Evans was granted a posthumous pardon . The case generated much controversy and is acknowledged as a serious miscarriage of justice . Along with those of Derek Bentley and Ruth Ellis , the case played a major part in the abolition of capital punishment in the United Kingdom for murder in 1965 ."}]}, {'value': '3-part drama', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Nico_Mirallegro_1', 'intro': "Nico Cristian Mirallegro (/ˌmɪrəˈlɛɡroʊ/ MIRR-ə-LEG-roh) (born 26 January 1991) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Barry Newt Newton in the soap opera Hollyoaks (2007-2010), Finn Nelson in My Mad Fat Diary (2013-2015), Joe Middleton in The Village (2013), and Johnjo O'Shea in Common (2014). Among his other film roles are Spike Island (2012), Anita B. (2014), and The Pass (2016). Recognised in 2012 by Screen International as one of its Stars of Tomorrow, he has been lauded as one of the United Kingdom's most promising young actors. Among his award nominations are those for Best Actor at the BBC Audio Drama Awards (2016, for Orpheus and Eurydice) and Best Supporting Actor at the BAFTA Awards (2014, for The Village)."}
| null | null |
What is the title of the show whose role was introduced as the serial 's first emo character and as the foster son of Jack and Frankie Osborne ?
|
Hollyoaks
|
ff6936f36ab68393
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014', 'title': 'List of Malaysian football transfers 2014', 'header': ['Position', 'Player', 'From club', 'Fee'], 'data': [{'value': 'AML', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Izuan Salahuddin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhd_Izuan_Salahuddin', 'summary': 'Muhammad Izuan Bin Salahuddin ( born 31 October 1991 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a winger for Malaysia Super League side Negeri Sembilan .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelantan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'William Mensah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Mensah', 'summary': 'William Mensah ( born July 15 , 1982 in Accra ) is a Ghanaian footballer . He currently plays as a defender for Sime Darby F.C .'}]}, {'value': 'Wadi Degla FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wadi_Degla_FC', 'summary': 'Wadi Degla Sporting Club ( Arabic : نادي وادي دجلة الرياضي ) is an Egyptian football club based in Cairo . In 2009-10 , it was promoted to the Egyptian Premier League for the first time in its history .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Nashriq Yahya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_B', 'summary': "Harimau Muda B was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-21 National Football Team and was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia . The national team played as a club under the name Harimau Muda B which took part in Malaysia Premier League from the 2007-08 season and also FA Cup Malaysia . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . Harimau Muda B last competed in Singapore 's 2014 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the Harimau Muda has disbanded by FAM which means all the player from Harimau Muda A , Harimau Muda B and Harimau Muda C will be returned to their own state . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Fairuz Abdul Aziz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Fairuz_Abdul_Aziz', 'summary': 'Mohd Fairuz bin Abdul Aziz ( born 21 August 1985 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a defender for the Selangor in the Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Farid Ramli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Farid_Ramli', 'summary': 'Mohd Farid bin Ramli ( born 28 April 1987 in Johor ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League side Kuala Lumpur as a left back . Born in Johor , Farid started his football career with Johor youth team .'}]}, {'value': 'Johor Darul Takzim F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor_Darul_Takzim_F.C.', 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club ( Malay : Kelab Bola Sepak Johor Darul Ta'zim ) , or simply JDT , is a football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . The club was founded in 1972 ( as PKENJ FC ) and currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia Super League . The club is owned by Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim . In 2014 , JDT gained their first major honour by winning the national league during the first season under Croatian manager Bojan Hodak . Under Argentine Mario Gómez 's tutelage , they won the 2015 AFC Cup as well as the Malaysian Piala Sumbangsih and 2015 Super League . By winning the AFC Cup , JDT became the second Malaysian team since 1967 to enter a final of a major continental competition , and the first ever Malaysian club to win a continental title . JDT is the first team in the country to win six consecutive league titles ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , and 2019 ) . Before this achievement , no team had ever won the league championship more than twice in a row since the league system was first introduced in Malaysia in 1979 . Since 2012 , Johor Darul Ta'zim FC also implied a new nickname Southern Tigers ( Malay : Harimau Selatan ) , replacing the old nickname Jengking ( Scorpion ) . The new nickname is based on the Johor State Council coat of arms . The team 's home ground is a 40,000 capacity Sultan Ibrahim Larkin Stadium . Since 2013 , the club has developed a fierce rivalry with Pahang FA and Felda United ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Rafiq Shah Zaim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Dilshod Sharofetdinov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dilshod_Sharofetdinov', 'summary': 'Dilshod Sharofetdinov ( born 15 October 1985 ) is an Uzbek footballer who currently plays as a Midfielder for Indonesian Liga 1 club PSMS Medan .'}]}, {'value': 'Pakhtakor FK ( Tashkent )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakhtakor_FK_(Tashkent)', 'summary': 'FC Pakhtakor Tashkent ( Uzbek : Paxtakor Toshkent futbol klubi ) is an Uzbek professional football club , based in the capital Tashkent . Pakhtakor literally means cotton-grower in English . Pakhtakor was the only Uzbek club to play in the top-level Soviet football league and was the only Central Asian club to appear in a Soviet Cup final . Playing in the Uzbek League since 1992 , the club has been the undisputed powerhouse in Uzbekistan since the fall of the Soviet Union , winning ten Uzbek League titles , including six in a row from 2002 to 2007 . Pakhtakor also won seven consecutive domestic cups between 2001 and 2007 , winning eleven cups in total . Players for the club have won Uzbek footballer of the Year honours eight times , and Pakhtakor teammates swept the top three spots in 2002 . Club managers have been named Uzbek coach of the year twice . The team is also a perennial competitor in the AFC Champions League , having reached the semi-finals of the competition twice in 2003 and 2004 . Pakhtakor currently holds the record in number of consecutive participations in the AFC Champions League , participating in 11 tournaments from 2002 to 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mahmoud Amnah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahmoud_Amnah', 'summary': 'Mahmoud Amnah ( Arabic : محمود آمنة ; born 15 January 1983 in Aleppo ) is a Syrian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Indian club Southern Samity and was a member of the Syria national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'Sulaymaniyah FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sulaymaniyah_FC', 'summary': 'Sulaymaniyah football club also written ( Arabic : نادي السليمانية , Kurdish : یانه\u200cی وه\u200cرزشی سلێمانی ) is a sports club based in Sulaymaniyah , Iraq . They currently play in the Iraqi Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Nur Areff Kamaruddin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda B', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_B', 'summary': "Harimau Muda B was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-21 National Football Team and was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia . The national team played as a club under the name Harimau Muda B which took part in Malaysia Premier League from the 2007-08 season and also FA Cup Malaysia . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . Harimau Muda B last competed in Singapore 's 2014 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the Harimau Muda has disbanded by FAM which means all the player from Harimau Muda A , Harimau Muda B and Harimau Muda C will be returned to their own state . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Rafizi Hamdan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Wisdom Agblexo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wisdom_Agblexo', 'summary': 'Wisdom Agblexo ( born 11 November 1986 , in Tema ) is a Ghanaian footballer , playing for Sime Darby F.C . in Malaysia .'}]}, {'value': 'Al-Ansar SC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al-Ansar_SC', 'summary': "Al Ansar Football Club ( Arabic : نادي الأنصار الرياضي , lit . 'The Supporters Sporting Club ' ) is a Lebanese football club based in the Tariq El Jdideh district of Beirut . Formed in 1951 , the club did not win its first Lebanese Premier League until 1988 . It went on to set a world record by winning the league 11 seasons in a row . The club have won the most Lebanese Premier League titles and Lebanese FA Cups than any other club , with 13 and 14 titles respectively . The club 's support comes in majority from the Sunni community and they have been funded by Rafic Hariri and Salim Diab till 2005 . Nabil Badr is the club 's president and main patron since 2012 . Ansar 's major rivalry is with Nejmeh : dubbed the Beirut derby , it is the most anticipated game in Lebanon ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Failee Ghazli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Failee_Ghazli', 'summary': "Mohd Failee Mohamad Ghazli ( born 5 September 1987 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a forward for MOF F.C . in the Malaysia FAM League . He started his footballing career with Penang FA , before joining another Penang team USM FC in early 2011 . He joined Perak on loan from USM FC in August 2011 for Perak 's Malaysia Cup campaign , wearing number 31 . After scoring 4 goal in 6 matches at the competition 's group stage , and 1 goal in 2 knock-out matches , Failee have been rewarded with a permanent move to Perak for the 2012 Malaysia Super League season . He also had his squad number changed to 12 . After spending one season with Sime Darby for 2014 season , Failee returns to Penang FA for the 2015 season to help Penang FA for their fight to win promotion for the Malaysia Super League . Failee moves to FAM League team MOF F.C . for the 2018 season . His younger brother Faizat Ghazli is also a footballer ."}]}, {'value': 'Perak FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Farderin Kadir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Farderin_Kadir', 'summary': 'Farderin bin Kadir ( born 30 January 1987 , in Malacca ) is a Malaysian footballer who mainly plays as a striker but can also plays as an attacking midfielder for Persib Bandung . He is also a member of the Malaysia U-23 squad and a former member of the Malaysia U-20 squad .'}]}, {'value': 'Terengganu FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhd Asnan Awal Hisham', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Nazrul Kamaruzaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nazrul_Kamaruzaman', 'summary': 'Muhammad Nazrul bin Kamaruzaman ( born 29 March 1993 ) ia a Malaysian footballer who plays as a striker for Malaysia Premier League club Selangor United .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Mateo Roskam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mateo_Roskam', 'summary': 'Mateo Roskam ( born March 16 , 1987 in Split ) is a Croatian footballer who last plays for UKM in the Malaysia Premier League as a forward .'}]}, {'value': 'NK Slaven Belupo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Slaven_Belupo', 'summary': 'NK Slaven Belupo , often referred to simply as Slaven and known internationally as NK Slaven Koprivnica , is a Croatian football club based in the city of Koprivnica in the north of the country . They play their home matches at Gradski stadion in Koprivnica .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Sime Darby FC -- Transfers in', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014_16', 'intro': 'The following is a list of transfers for the 2014 Malaysian football.'}
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Which league does the team that Mahmoud Amnah transferred out of in 2014 play in ?
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Iraqi Premier League
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ff6ae7439c3f6234
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_20)', 'title': 'Live with Regis and Kelly (season 20)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'April 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Julie Andrews , Lifehouse , Staff Fitness Challenge Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julie_Andrews', 'summary': "Dame Julie Andrews , DBE ( born Julia Elizabeth Wells ; 1 October 1935 ) is an English actress , singer and author . Andrews , a child actress and singer , appeared in the West End in 1948 and made her Broadway debut in The Boy Friend ( 1954 ) . Billed as Britains youngest prima donna , she rose to prominence starring in Broadway musicals such as My Fair Lady ( 1956 ) playing Eliza Doolittle , and Camelot ( 1960 ) playing Queen Guinevere . In 1957 , Andrews starred in the premiere of Rodgers and Hammerstein 's written-for-television musical Cinderella , a live , network broadcast seen by over 100 million viewers . Andrews made her feature film debut in Mary Poppins ( 1964 ) , and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the title role . She starred in The Sound of Music ( 1965 ) , playing Maria von Trapp , and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . Between 1964 and 1986 , she starred in The Americanization of Emily ( 1964 ) , Hawaii ( 1966 ) , Torn Curtain ( 1966 ) , Thoroughly Modern Millie ( 1967 ) , Star ! ( 1968 ) , The Tamarind Seed ( 1974 ) , 10 ( 1979 ) , S.O.B . ( 1981 ) , Victor/Victoria ( 1982 ) , That 's Life ! ( 1986 ) and Duet for One ( 1986 ) . After 1986 , her workload decreased , appearing in two films in 1991 , and not again until 2000 . Since the turn of the new millennium , however , her career has had a revival , with central roles in the Shrek series as Queen Lillian , in The Princess Diaries and its sequel as Queen Clarisse Renaldi , and in the Despicable Me series as Gru 's mother Marlena ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lifehouse_(band)', 'summary': 'Lifehouse is an American rock band from Los Angeles comprising Jason Wade ( lead vocals , guitar ) , Rick Woolstenhulme Jr. ( drums , percussion ) and Bryce Soderberg ( bass , vocals ) . The band came to mainstream prominence in 2001 with the hit single Hanging by a Moment from their debut studio album No Name Face . The song was number one for three weeks on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts , and the single won a Billboard Music Award for Hot 100 Single of the Year , having spent twenty weeks in the top 10 and more than a year on the charts . In 2002 , Lifehouse released their follow-up album Stanley Climbfall . Since then , they have released five more albums : the eponymous Lifehouse in 2005 , Who We Are in 2007 , Smoke and Mirrors in 2010 , Almería in 2012 and Out of the Wasteland in 2015 . These albums have spawned the singles You and Me , First Time , and Whatever It Takes , which have all been top 40 hits in the US . To date , Lifehouse has sold over 15 million records worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'April 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jodie Foster , Avril Lavigne , Staff Fitness Challenge Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jodie_Foster', 'summary': "Alicia Christian Jodie Foster ( born November 19 , 1962 ) is an American actress , director , and producer . She has received two Academy Awards , three British Academy Film Awards , two Golden Globe Awards , and the Cecil B. DeMille Award . For her work as a director , she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award . Foster began her professional career as a child model when she was three years old , and she made her acting debut in 1968 in the television sitcom Mayberry R.F.D . In the late 1960s and early 1970s , she worked in several television series and made her film debut with Disney 's Napoleon and Samantha ( 1972 ) . Following appearances in the musical Tom Sawyer ( 1973 ) and Martin Scorsese 's comedy-drama Alice Does n't Live Here Anymore ( 1974 ) , Foster 's breakthrough came with Scorsese 's psychological thriller Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) , in which she played a child prostitute ; at age 14 , she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . Her other roles as a teenager include the musical Bugsy Malone ( 1976 ) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane ( 1976 ) , and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney 's Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) and Candleshoe ( 1977 ) , as well as Carny ( 1980 ) and Foxes ( 1980 ) . After attending college at Yale , Foster struggled to transition into adult roles until she gained critical acclaim for playing a rape survivor in the legal drama The Accused ( 1988 ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress . She won her second Academy Award three years later for the psychological horror The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) , in which she portrayed Clarice Starling . Foster made her debut as a film director the same year with Little Man Tate , and founded her own production company , Egg Pictures , in 1992 . The company 's first production was Nell ( 1994 ) , in which she also played the title role , garnering her fourth nomination for an Academy Award . Her other successful films in the 1990s were the romantic drama Sommersby , western comedy Maverick ( 1994 ) , science fiction Contact ( 1997 ) , and period drama Anna and the King ( 1999 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Avril_Lavigne', 'summary': "Avril Ramona Lavigne ( /ˌævrɪl ləˈviːn/ AV-ril lə-VEEN , French : [ avʁil laviɲ ] ; born September 27 , 1984 ) is a Canadian-French singer , songwriter , and actress . By the age of 15 , she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain and by 16 , she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $ 2 million . Her debut studio album , Let Go ( 2002 ) , emphasized a skate punk persona that has earned her the title Pop Punk Queen , from critics and music publications , due to her achievement and impact in the industry . Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven , punk-influenced pop music . Lavigne 's breakthrough single , Complicated , reached number one in several countries worldwide and made her the youngest female soloist to have a number-one album in the United Kingdom . Her second studio album , Under My Skin ( 2004 ) , became Lavigne 's first album to reach the top of the Billboard 200 chart in the United States , going on to sell 10 million copies worldwide . The Best Damn Thing ( 2007 ) , Lavigne 's third studio album , reached number one in seven countries worldwide and saw the international success of its lead single Girlfriend , which became her first single to reach the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States . Her fourth and fifth studio albums , Goodbye Lullaby ( 2011 ) and Avril Lavigne ( 2013 ) , saw continued commercial success and were both certified gold in Canada , the United States , and other territories . In February 2019 , Lavigne released her sixth studio album , Head Above Water , through BMG . In addition to music , Lavigne voiced Heather , a Virginia opossum , in the animated film Over the Hedge ( 2006 ) , and made her screen acting debut in Fast Food Nation ( 2006 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'April 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Joy Philbin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joy_Philbin', 'summary': 'Bette Joy Philbin ( née Senese ; born February 1 , 1941 ) is an American television personality , and the wife of television personality Regis Philbin .'}]}, {'value': 'George Clooney , Mario , Staff Fitness Challenge Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Clooney', 'summary': "George Timothy Clooney ( born May 6 , 1961 ) is an American actor , director , producer and filmmaker . He is the recipient of three Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards , one for acting in Syriana ( 2006 ) and the other for co-producing Argo ( 2012 ) . In 2018 , he was the recipient of the AFI Lifetime Achievement Award . Clooney made his acting debut on television in 1978 , and later gained wide recognition in his role as Dr. Doug Ross on the medical drama ER from 1994 to 1999 , for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations . While working on ER , he began attracting a variety of leading roles in films , with his breakthrough role in From Dusk till Dawn ( 1996 ) , and the crime comedy Out of Sight ( 1998 ) , in which he first worked with director Steven Soderbergh , who would become a long-time collaborator . In 1999 , he took the lead role in Three Kings , a well-received war satire set during the Gulf War . In 2001 , Clooney 's fame widened with the release of his biggest commercial success , the heist comedy remake Ocean 's Eleven , the first of what became a trilogy , starring Clooney . He made his directorial debut a year later with the biographical spy comedy Confessions of a Dangerous Mind , and has since directed the historical drama Good Night , and Good Luck ( 2005 ) , the sports comedy Leatherheads ( 2008 ) , the political drama The Ides of March ( 2011 ) , and the war film The Monuments Men ( 2014 ) . Clooney won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the Middle East thriller Syriana ( 2005 ) , and subsequently earned Best Actor nominations for the legal thriller Michael Clayton ( 2007 ) and the comedy-dramas Up in the Air ( 2009 ) and The Descendants ( 2011 ) . In 2013 , he received the Academy Award for Best Picture for producing the political thriller Argo . He has been nominated for Oscars in six different categories , a record he shares with Walt Disney . In 2009 , Clooney was included in Time 's annual Time 100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario', 'summary': "Mario ( Japanese : マリオ , Hepburn : Mario , pronounced [ maɾi.o ] ; English : /ˈmɑːrioʊ , ˈmær-/ , Italian : [ ˈmaːrjo ] ) is a fictional character in the Mario video game franchise , owned by Nintendo and created by Japanese video game designer Shigeru Miyamoto . Acting as the company 's mascot , as well as being the eponymous protagonist of the series , Mario has appeared in over 200 video games since his creation . Depicted as a short , pudgy , Italian plumber who resides in the Mushroom Kingdom , his adventures generally center upon rescuing Princess Peach from the Koopa villain Bowser . His fraternal twin brother and sidekick is Luigi . With more than 600 million units sold worldwide , the overall Mario franchise is the best-selling video game franchise of all time . Outside of the Super Mario platform series , other Mario genres include the Mario Kart racing series , sports games such as the Mario Tennis and Mario Golf series , role-playing games such as Mario & Luigi , Super Mario RPG and Paper Mario , and educational games such as Mario Is Missing ! , Mario 's Time Machine and Mario Teaches Typing . The franchise has branched into several media , including television shows , film , comics , and licensed merchandise . Since 1990 , Mario has been voiced by Charles Martinet ."}]}, {'value': 'April 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Anderson Cooper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anderson_Cooper', 'summary': "Anderson Hays Cooper ( born June 3 , 1967 ) is an American journalist , television personality , and author . He is the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360° . The program is usually broadcast live from a New York City studio ; however , Cooper often broadcasts live from CNN 's studios in Washington , D.C. , or on location for breaking news stories . In addition , he is a correspondent for 60 Minutes . From September 2011 to May 2013 , he also served as host of his own eponymous syndicated daytime talk show , Anderson Live ."}]}, {'value': 'Renée Zellweger , Staff Fitness Challenge Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renée_Zellweger', 'summary': "Renée Kathleen Zellweger ( /rəˈneɪ ˈzɛlwɛɡər/ ; born April 25 , 1969 ) is an American actress and producer . She has received numerous accolades , including two Academy Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and two BAFTA Awards . Zellweger was one of the world 's highest-paid actresses by 2007 and was named Hasty Pudding Theatricals ' Woman of the Year in 2009 . Born in Texas , Zellweger studied English Literature at UT Austin . Initially aspiring to a career in journalism , she was drawn to acting following her brief work on stage during college . Following her film debut with a minor role in Richard Linklater 's Dazed and Confused ( 1993 ) , Zellweger 's first starring role came with the slasher film Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Next Generation ( 1994 ) . She rose to prominence with starring roles in Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , One True Thing ( 1998 ) , Me , Myself and Irene ( 2000 ) , and Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , winning her first Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for the lattermost . For her portrayals of Bridget Jones in the romantic comedy Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) and Roxie Hart in the musical crime drama Chicago ( 2002 ) , she garnered consecutive nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress . She reprised her role as Jones in two equally successful sequels , Bridget Jones : The Edge of Reason ( 2004 ) and Bridget Jones 's Baby ( 2016 ) . Zellweger won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a loquacious farmer in the epic drama Cold Mountain ( 2003 ) , and followed this with her portrayals of Mae Fox in Cinderella Man ( 2005 ) and author Beatrix Potter in Miss Potter ( 2006 ) . After starring roles in smaller scale films , such as Appaloosa ( 2008 ) and Case 39 ( 2009 ) , she had a six-year hiatus from the screen . In 2019 , Zellweger starred in the Netflix anthology series What/If and garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal of Judy Garland in the biopic Judy , winning the Academy Award for Best Actress ."}]}, {'value': 'April 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Brittany Snow , 9th American Idol Finalist , Green Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brittany_Snow', 'summary': "Brittany Anne Snow ( born March 9 , 1986 ) is an American actress , producer , director and singer . She rose to prominence when she appeared in the CBS series Guiding Light ( 1998-2001 ) for which she won a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress and was nominated for two other Young Artist Awards and a Soap Opera Digest Award . Snow then starred in the NBC series American Dreams ( 2002-2005 ) for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award and three Teen Choice Awards . Snow subsequently appeared in television series including Nip/Tuck ( 2005 ) , Harry 's Law ( 2011 ) and Almost Family ( 2019 ) . She has starred in a number of successful movies including John Tucker Must Die ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) , the Pitch Perfect film series ( 2012-2017 ) and Someone Great ( 2019 ) . Other films include The Pacifier ( 2005 ) , Prom Night ( 2008 ) , The Vicious Kind ( 2009 ) , Would You Rather ( 2012 ) , Hangman ( 2017 ) and Bushwick ( 2017 ) . Snow is also the co-founder of the Love is Louder movement , a project by the not-for-profit Jed Foundation , dedicated to stop bullying in schools ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Idol', 'summary': "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by Fremantle North America . It initially aired on Fox from June 11 , 2002 , to April 7 , 2016 , for 15 seasons . It had a hiatus for two years , until March 11 , 2018 , when a revival of the series aired on ABC . It started as an addition to the Idols format that was based on Pop Idol from British television , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by American viewers using phones , Internet , and SMS text voting . The winners of the first seventeen seasons , as chosen by viewers , are Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia Barrino , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , Trent Harmon , Maddie Poppe , and Laine Hardy respectively . American Idol employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants ' performances . The original judges , for the first through eighth seasons , were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , singer and choreographer Paula Abdul , and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the last three seasons on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban , Jennifer Lopez , and Harry Connick Jr . The sixteenth season brought three new judges : singers Lionel Richie , Katy Perry , and Luke Bryan . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , but Seacrest remained as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as unparalleled in broadcasting history ."}]}, {'value': 'April 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Leona Lewis , Diane Sawyer , Green Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leona_Lewis', 'summary': "Leona Louise Lewis ( born 3 April 1985 ) is a British singer , songwriter , actress , model and activist . She was born and raised in the London Borough of Islington in London , where she attended the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology . Lewis achieved national recognition when she won the third series of The X Factor in 2006 , winning a £1 million recording contract with Simon Cowell 's record label , Syco Music . Her winner 's single , a cover of Kelly Clarkson 's A Moment Like This , peaked at number one for four weeks on the UK Singles Chart and broke a world record for reaching 50,000 digital downloads within 30 minutes . In February 2007 , Lewis signed a five-album contract in the United States with Clive Davis 's record label , J Records . Lewis 's success continued with the release of her debut album , Spirit , in 2007 ; it was certified 10× platinum in the United Kingdom and became the fourth best-selling album of the 2000s . It is one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history . In the US , Lewis became the first UK solo artist to debut at number one with a debut album , with Spirit . The lead single , Bleeding Love , spent seven weeks at number one in the UK where it became the best-selling single of 2007 . She achieved international recognition with the album in 2008 when it topped charts around the world . Spirit has sold more than eight million copies worldwide , and Bleeding Love peaked at number one in over 30 countries , including the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming the best-selling single of 2008 . As a result , she was proclaimed Top New Artist by Billboard in 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Diane_Sawyer', 'summary': "Lila Diane Sawyer ( /ˈsɔːjər/ ; born December 22 , 1945 ) is an American television journalist . Sawyer has been the anchor of ABC News 's nightly flagship program ABC World News , a co-anchor of ABC News 's morning news program Good Morning America and Primetime newsmagazine . Early in her career , she was a member of U.S. President Richard Nixon 's White House staff and closely associated with the president himself ."}]}, {'value': 'April 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Pat Sajak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pat_Sajak', 'summary': 'Pat Sajak ( /ˈseɪdʒæk/ SAY-jak , born Patrick Leonard Sajdak ; October 26 , 1946 ) is an American television personality , former weatherman , and talk show host , best known as the host of the American television game show Wheel of Fortune .'}]}, {'value': 'Keanu Reeves , Green Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keanu_Reeves', 'summary': "Keanu Charles Reeves ( /kiˈɑːnuː/ kee-AH-noo ; born September 2 , 1964 ) is a Canadian [ a ] actor , producer , and musician . Reeves gained fame for his starring roles in several blockbuster films , including comedies from the Bill and Ted franchise ( 1989-present ) ; action thrillers Point Break ( 1991 ) , Speed ( 1994 ) , and the John Wick franchise ( 2014-present ) ; psychological thriller The Devil 's Advocate ( 1997 ) ; supernatural action horror Constantine ( 2005 ) ; and sci-fi action series The Matrix ( 1999-present ) . He has also appeared in drama films such as Dangerous Liaisons ( 1988 ) , My Own Private Idaho ( 1991 ) , and Little Buddha ( 1993 ) , as well as the romantic horror Bram Stoker 's Dracula ( 1992 ) . Reeves has earned critical acclaim and several awards for his acting , including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . One New York Times critic praised his versatility , saying that he displays considerable discipline and range . he moves easily between the buttoned-down demeanor that suits a police procedural story and the loose-jointed manner of his comic roles . However , Reeves has spent much of his later career being typecast ; saving the world is a recurring character arc in many roles he has portrayed , as manifested in characters such as Ted Theodore Logan , Gautama Buddha , Neo , Johnny Mnemonic , John Constantine , and Klaatu . The John Wick franchise represented a return to critical praise and commercial success for Reeves . Reeves has pursued other creative endeavours such as directing and producing films , performing music , and acting in theatre and video games . Onstage , he performed as Prince Hamlet for the Manitoba Theatre Centre 's production of Hamlet . He played bass guitar for the bands Dogstar and Becky . He also wrote the text for the 2011 picture book Ode to Happiness , illustrated by Alexandra Grant ."}]}, {'value': 'April 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Pat Sajak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pat_Sajak', 'summary': 'Pat Sajak ( /ˈseɪdʒæk/ SAY-jak , born Patrick Leonard Sajdak ; October 26 , 1946 ) is an American television personality , former weatherman , and talk show host , best known as the host of the American television game show Wheel of Fortune .'}]}, {'value': 'Josh Radnor , Green Week', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Radnor', 'summary': 'Joshua Thomas Radnor ( born July 29 , 1974 ) [ citation needed ] is an American actor , filmmaker , author and musician . He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award-winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother . He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease , for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize . In 2012 , he wrote , directed and starred in his second film , Liberal Arts , which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival . In 2014 , Radnor portrayed Isaac in the Broadway play Disgraced , which earned a Tony Award for Best Play nomination . He then starred as Dr. Jedediah Foster on the PBS American Civil War drama series Mercy Street and as Lou Mazzuchelli in the musical series Rise .'}]}, {'value': 'April 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Bryant Gumbel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bryant_Gumbel', 'summary': "Bryant Charles Gumbel ( born September 29 , 1948 ) is an American television journalist and sportscaster , best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC 's Today . He is the younger brother of sportscaster Greg Gumbel . Since 1995 , he has hosted HBO 's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel , which has been rated as flat out TV 's best sports program by the Los Angeles Times . It won a Peabody Award in 2012 . Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck . From 1975 until January 1982 ( when he left to do The Today Show ) , he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball , college basketball and the National Football League . He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990 . NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27 , 1982 , and broadcast from Vietnam , Vatican City , Europe , South America , and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989 . Gumbel 's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large fanbase . He is the third longest serving co-host of Today , after former hosts Matt Lauer and Katie Couric . He stepped down from the show on January 3 , 1997 , after 15 years . Gumbel moved to CBS , where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network 's morning show The Early Show on November 1 , 1999 ."}]}, {'value': 'David Boreanaz , Green Week , Keyshia Cole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Boreanaz', 'summary': 'David Boreanaz ( /bɔːriˈɑːnəs/ ; born May 16 , 1969 ) is an American actor , television producer , and director , known for playing the roles of vampire-turned-private investigator Angel on Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997-2003 ) and its spinoff Angel ( 1999-2004 ) ; FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth on the television crime procedural comedy-drama series Bones ( 2005-2017 ) ; and Jason Hayes in the military drama series SEAL Team ( 2017-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Keyshia_Cole', 'summary': "Keyshia M. Cole ( born October 15 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , producer , and television personality . She was born in Oakland , California . Her career began when she met MC Hammer at the age of 12 , and later met rapper Tupac Shakur . At the age of 15 , she moved to Los Angeles and was later introduced to A & M Records . She released her debut album , The Way It Is ( 2005 ) , which spawned five singles : Never , I Changed My Mind , ( I Just Want It ) To Be Over , I Should Have Cheated , and Love . It was certified gold within 17 weeks , and then platinum just eight weeks later . The album stayed on the charts for over a year , selling over 1.6 million copies . After A & M folded , Cole released her second album Just Like You ( 2007 ) under Geffen Records , and the album debuted and peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was nominated for Best Contemporary R & B Album at the 50th Grammy Awards . The album has been certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America , and has sold 1.7 million copies in the US . A Different Me is Cole 's third album , released in 2008 . The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 322,000 , the highest of Cole 's career ."}]}, {'value': 'April 14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Laurence Fishburne , 8th American Idol Finalist , Miss USA 2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Laurence_Fishburne', 'summary': "Laurence John Fishburne III ( born July 30 , 1961 ) is an American actor , playwright , producer , screenwriter , and film director . He is known for playing Morpheus in The Matrix trilogy , Jason Furious Styles in the 1991 drama film Boyz n the Hood , Tyrone Mr. Clean Miller in the 1979 war film Apocalypse Now , and most recently The Bowery King in the John Wick film series . For his portrayal of Ike Turner in What 's Love Got to Do With It , Fishburne was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor . He won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance in Two Trains Running ( 1992 ) , and an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his performance in TriBeCa ( 1993 ) . Fishburne became the first African American to portray Othello in a motion picture by a major studio when he appeared in Oliver Parker 's 1995 film adaptation of the Shakespeare play . Fishburne starred in several cult classics , including Deep Cover and King of New York . From 2008 to 2011 , he starred as Dr. Raymond Langston on the CBS crime drama CSI : Crime Scene Investigation and from 2013 to 2015 starred as Special Agent Jack Crawford in the NBC thriller series Hannibal . In 2013 , he portrayed Perry White in the Zack Snyder-directed Superman reboot Man of Steel and in 2016 reprised his role in Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice as part of the DC Extended Universe . Fishburne played Bill Foster in the film Ant-Man and the Wasp , released in 2018 as part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Idol', 'summary': "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by Fremantle North America . It initially aired on Fox from June 11 , 2002 , to April 7 , 2016 , for 15 seasons . It had a hiatus for two years , until March 11 , 2018 , when a revival of the series aired on ABC . It started as an addition to the Idols format that was based on Pop Idol from British television , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by American viewers using phones , Internet , and SMS text voting . The winners of the first seventeen seasons , as chosen by viewers , are Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia Barrino , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , Trent Harmon , Maddie Poppe , and Laine Hardy respectively . American Idol employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants ' performances . The original judges , for the first through eighth seasons , were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , singer and choreographer Paula Abdul , and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the last three seasons on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban , Jennifer Lopez , and Harry Connick Jr . The sixteenth season brought three new judges : singers Lionel Richie , Katy Perry , and Luke Bryan . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , but Seacrest remained as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as unparalleled in broadcasting history ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Miss_USA_2008', 'summary': "Miss USA 2008 , the 57th Miss USA pageant , was held in Las Vegas , Nevada on April 11 , 2008 . At the conclusion of the final night of competition , Crystle Stewart of Texas was crowned the winner by outgoing titleholder Rachel Smith of Tennessee . Crystle represented the United States at the Miss Universe 2008 pageant , which was held in Vietnam , where she placed in the Top 10 . This is the first time in Miss USA history that two consecutive women of African-American descent have been crowned . The pageant was held at the Theatre for the Performing Arts , a 7,000 seat theater located in the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino . The theater was also the location of Miss Universe 1991 and 1996 pageants . This is the first time that the Miss USA pageant was held in Nevada . For the first time , the competition was broadcast in High Definition . Brother/sister duo Donny and Marie Osmond hosted the live telecast for the first time , and Finger Eleven performed their single Paralyzer . Rihanna 's song Umbrella was used during the evening gown competition . During the final show on April 11 , the fifteen delegates with the highest average scores from the preliminary competition were announced . The top fifteen competed in the swimsuit competition ."}]}, {'value': 'April 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Milo Ventimiglia , Trevor Immelman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milo_Ventimiglia', 'summary': "Milo Anthony Ventimiglia ( /vɛntɪˈmiːljə/ , Italian : [ ventiˈmiʎʎa ] ; born July 8 , 1977 ) is an American actor , director and producer . After several roles in television series and parts in independent films , he gained recognition for his roles as Jess Mariano on the television series Gilmore Girls from 2001 to 2006 , and as Peter Petrelli on the NBC series Heroes from 2006 to 2010 . He has starred as Jack Pearson on the NBC drama This Is Us since 2016 . Ventimiglia debuted on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air ( 1995 ) , subsequently cast in the short-lived Fox series Opposite Sex in 2000 . Later roles included Richard Thorne on The WB 's The Bedford Diaries , a recurring role as Meg Pryor 's love interest on NBC 's American Dreams , and Rocky Balboa 's son ( Rocky Jr. ) in the sixth and eighth installments of the Rocky series , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed II ( 2018 ) . He starred as Peter Petrelli on NBC 's Heroes from 2006 to 2010 , receiving nominations for Teen Choice , Saturn and People 's Choice Awards . He also had roles in the horror films Pathology ( 2008 ) and Kiss of the Damned ( 2013 ) . Appearing on television as Ian Mitchell on the Crackle original series Chosen as well as Sean Bennigan on The Whispers in 2015 , Ventimiglia reprised his role as Jess Mariano on Netflix 's reunion miniseries , Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life ( 2016 ) , and stars as Jack Pearson on NBC 's This Is Us ( 2016-present ) . For his role as Jack Pearson , Ventimiglia received three nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series . As member of the This Is Us cast , he won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2018 and 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Trevor_Immelman', 'summary': 'Trevor John Immelman ( born 16 December 1979 ) is a South African professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour , European Tour and Sunshine Tour . He won his sole major championship at the 2008 Masters Tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'April 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Kristen Bell , Heidi Montag', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristen_Bell', 'summary': "Kristen Anne Bell ( born July 18 , 1980 ) is an American actress and singer . She began her professional acting career by starring in stage productions while attending the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University . In 2001 , she made her Broadway debut as Becky Thatcher in the comedy musical The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and starred in the Broadway revival of The Crucible the following year . In 2004 , she appeared in the action thriller film Spartan and received critical praise for her performance in the television drama film Gracie 's Choice . Bell garnered critical acclaim for her first major role as the title character in the teen noir drama television series Veronica Mars ( 2004-2007 ) . For her performance , she was awarded a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television . She reprised the eponymous role in the 2014 film continuation and the 2019 revival series . During her time on Veronica Mars , Bell starred as Mary Lane in the musical film Reefer Madness : The Movie Musical ( 2005 ) , a reprise of the role she had played in the New York musical upon which the film was based . From 2007 to 2008 , Bell starred as Elle Bishop in the science fiction drama series Heroes . From 2007 to 2012 , she voiced the titular narrator in the teen drama series Gossip Girl . In 2008 , she had her breakout film role as the title character in Forgetting Sarah Marshall . She has since appeared in a number of comedy films , including Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , When in Rome ( 2010 ) , You Again ( 2010 ) , The Boss ( 2016 ) , Bad Moms ( 2016 ) , and A Bad Moms Christmas ( 2017 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Heidi_Montag', 'summary': "Heidi Blair Montag ( born September 15 , 1986 ) is an American reality television personality , singer and actress . Born and raised in Crested Butte , Colorado , she befriended Lauren Conrad in 2005 . In 2006 , Montag came to prominence after being cast in the MTV reality television series The Hills , which chronicled the personal and professional lives of Conrad , Montag , and friends Audrina Patridge and Whitney Port . During its production , she briefly attended the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising and was employed by event planning company Bolthouse Productions . As the series progressed , Montag began dating fellow cast member Spencer Pratt , which ultimately ended her friendship with Conrad . Their ensuing feud became the central focus of the series , and was carried through each subsequent season . The couple , jointly nicknamed Speidi , married in April 2009 . Later that year , they made controversial appearances on the second season of the American version of I 'm a Celebrity.Get Me Out of Here ! . In January 2010 , Montag released her debut studio album Superficial ; it was critically panned and commercially unsuccessful , failing to earn back the money she spent making it . She also received widespread criticism after undergoing ten cosmetic surgery procedures in one day . In 2011 , Montag was featured on the television series Famous Food , where she and several celebrities competed for a restaurant partnership . Two years later , she and Pratt competed as a single entity on the eleventh series of the British version of Celebrity Big Brother , and returned to the series with Pratt as an All-Star for Celebrity Big Brother 19 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Fergie , Dancing with the Stars castoffs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fergie_(singer)', 'summary': "Fergie Duhamel ( /ˈfɜːrɡi dəˈmɛl/ ; born Stacy Ann Ferguson ; March 27 , 1975 ) is an American singer , songwriter , rapper , and actress . She originally achieved chart success as part of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas . Her debut solo album , The Dutchess ( 2006 ) , saw commercial success and spawned three Billboard Hot 100 number one singles : London Bridge , Glamorous , and Big Girls Do n't Cry . Fergie was originally a member of the children 's television series Kids Incorporated and the girl group Wild Orchid . In 2001 , she left the group and in the subsequent year joined The Black Eyed Peas . She worked with The Black Eyed Peas on two albums before releasing her debut solo album , The Dutchess , in 2006 . She continued her collaboration with The Black Eyed Peas and released a further two albums with them , The E.N.D . ( 2009 ) and The Beginning ( 2010 ) . Fergie began touring with her own group in 2009 . Her second solo album , Double Dutchess , was released in 2017 . Fergie launched her first fragrance , Outspoken , under Avon in May 2010 and has since released four more fragrances ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars', 'summary': "Dancing with the Stars is the name of various international television series based on the format of the British TV series Strictly Come Dancing , which is distributed by BBC Worldwide , the commercial arm of the BBC . Currently the format has been licensed to over 42 territories . Versions have also been produced in dozens of countries across the world . As a result , the series became the world 's most popular television program among all genres in 2006 and 2007 , according to the magazine Television Business International , reaching the Top 10 in 17 countries . The show pairs a number of well known celebrities with professional ballroom dancers , who each week compete by performing one or more choreographed routines that follow the prearranged theme for that particular week . The dancers are then scored by a panel of judges . Viewers are given a certain amount of time to place votes for their favorite dancers , either by telephone or ( in some countries ) online . The couple with the lowest combined score provided by the judges and viewers is eliminated . This process continues until there are only two or three couples left ; when they have competed for the last time one couple is declared the champion and wins a trophy ."}]}, {'value': 'April 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Kyle MacLachlan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyle_MacLachlan', 'summary': "Kyle Merritt MacLachlan ( /məˈɡlɒklən/ ; born February 22 , 1959 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks ( 1990-1991 ; 2017 ) and its film prequel Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , as well as roles in two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune ( 1984 ) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden ( 1987 ) , Ray Manzarek in The Doors ( 1991 ) , Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , Zack Carey in Showgirls ( 1995 ) , and the voice of Riley 's father in Inside Out ( 2015 ) . He has had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City ( 2000-2002 ) , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives ( 2006-2012 ) , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother ( 2010-2014 ) , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia ( 2011-2018 ) and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D . ( 2014-2015 ) . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Television Series Drama ( 1990 ) , and was nominated in the same category in 2017 , for playing the role of Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks . He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for Twin Peaks ."}]}, {'value': 'Willem Dafoe , Katie Lee Joel , Prom dresses', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willem_Dafoe', 'summary': "William James Dafoe ( born July 22 , 1955 ) is an American actor . He is known for his distinct gravelly voice , and has received multiple accolades , including nominations for four Academy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards . He has frequently collaborated with filmmakers Paul Schrader , Abel Ferrara , Lars von Trier , and Wes Anderson . Dafoe was an early member of experimental theater company The Wooster Group , where he acted in several productions . He made his film debut in Heaven 's Gate ( 1980 ) , but was fired during production . He had his first leading role in the outlaw biker film The Loveless ( 1982 ) and then played the main antagonist in Streets of Fire ( 1984 ) and To Live and Die in L.A. ( 1985 ) . He received his first Academy Award nomination for his role as Sergeant Elias Gordon in Oliver Stone 's war film Platoon ( 1986 ) . In 1988 , Dafoe played Jesus in Martin Scorsese 's The Last Temptation of Christ and starred in Mississippi Burning , both of which were controversial . Following small roles in Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) and Wild at Heart ( 1990 ) , he began a six-film collaboration with director Paul Schrader with the drama Light Sleeper ( 1992 ) . He starred in the critically panned erotic thriller Body of Evidence ( 1993 ) and then co-starred in Clear and Present Danger ( 1994 ) , The English Patient ( 1996 ) , Speed 2 : Cruise Control ( 1997 ) , and The Boondock Saints ( 1999 ) . After receiving his second Academy Award nomination for portraying Max Schreck in Shadow of the Vampire ( 2000 ) , Dafoe played Norman Osborn in the superhero film Spider-Man ( 2002 ) and the villains in Once Upon a Time in Mexico ( 2003 ) and XXX : State of the Union ( 2005 ) and Dafoe also played as Carson Clay in the film Mr. Bean 's Holiday ( 2007 ) . In 2009 , he starred in the experimental film Antichrist , one of his three films with Lars von Trier ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Katie_Lee_Joel', 'summary': 'Katherine Katie Lee ( born September 14 , 1981 ) is an American cookbook author , television food critic , and novelist .'}]}, {'value': 'April 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Neil Patrick Harris , 7th American Idol Finalist , 10-year-old chess master Nicholas Nip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Patrick_Harris', 'summary': "Neil Patrick Harris ( born June 15 , 1973 ) is an American actor , comedian , filmmaker , philanthropist , magician , and singer . He is known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles . On television , he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser , M.D . ( 1989-1993 ) , Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother ( 2005-2014 , for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards ) , and Count Olaf in A Series of Unfortunate Events ( 2017-2019 ) . Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon 's musical Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series ( 2004-2011 ) . His other films include Starship Troopers ( 1997 ) , Beastly ( 2011 ) , The Smurfs ( 2011 ) , The Smurfs 2 ( 2013 ) , A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) , and Gone Girl ( 2014 ) . In 2014 , he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway , for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical . Harris has hosted the Tony Awards in 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 , for which he won four special class Emmy Awards . He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013 , and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015 , thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards . Harris was named one of Time magazine 's 100 Most Influential People in 2010 . He is married to David Burtka . In 2010 , they had twins via surrogacy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Idol', 'summary': "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by Fremantle North America . It initially aired on Fox from June 11 , 2002 , to April 7 , 2016 , for 15 seasons . It had a hiatus for two years , until March 11 , 2018 , when a revival of the series aired on ABC . It started as an addition to the Idols format that was based on Pop Idol from British television , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by American viewers using phones , Internet , and SMS text voting . The winners of the first seventeen seasons , as chosen by viewers , are Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia Barrino , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , Trent Harmon , Maddie Poppe , and Laine Hardy respectively . American Idol employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants ' performances . The original judges , for the first through eighth seasons , were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , singer and choreographer Paula Abdul , and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the last three seasons on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban , Jennifer Lopez , and Harry Connick Jr . The sixteenth season brought three new judges : singers Lionel Richie , Katy Perry , and Luke Bryan . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , but Seacrest remained as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as unparalleled in broadcasting history ."}]}, {'value': 'April 22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Colin Firth , Amy Poehler , Kat DeLuna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colin_Firth', 'summary': "Colin Andrew Firth CBE ( born 10 September 1960 ) is an English actor who has received an Academy Award , a Golden Globe Award , two BAFTA Awards , and three Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival . In 2010 , Firth 's portrayal of King George VI in Tom Hooper 's The King 's Speech won him the Academy Award for Best Actor . Identified in the late 1980s with the Brit Pack of rising , young British actors , it was not until his portrayal of Fitzwilliam Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen 's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention . This led to roles in films , such as The English Patient , Bridget Jones 's Diary , for which he was nominated for a BAFTA Award , Shakespeare in Love , and Love Actually . In 2009 , Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man , for which he gained his first Academy Award nomination , and won a BAFTA Award . Firth played secret agent Harry Hart in the 2014 film Kingsman : The Secret Service and the 2017 sequel Kingsman : The Golden Circle . In 2018 , he co-starred in the musical fantasy Mary Poppins Returns and the following year he appeared in the war film 1917 . Firth 's films have grossed more than $ 3 billion from 42 releases worldwide . In 2011 , he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and was also selected as one of the Time 100 . Firth has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal people and is a member of Survival International . He has campaigned on issues of asylum seekers , refugees ' rights , and the environment . He commissioned and co-authored a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Amy_Poehler', 'summary': "Amy Meredith Poehler ( /ˈpoʊlər/ ; born September 16 , 1971 ) is an American actress , comedian , writer , producer , and director . After studying improv at Chicago 's Second City and ImprovOlympic in the early 1990s , she co-founded the improvisational-comedy troupe Upright Citizens Brigade . The group moved to New York City in 1996 where their act became a half-hour sketch comedy series on Comedy Central in 1998 . Along with other members of the comedy group , Poehler is a founder of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre . In 2001 she joined the cast of the NBC television series Saturday Night Live . She became co-anchor of SNL 's Weekend Update in 2004 until she left the series in 2008 to star as Leslie Knope in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation . She has also performed voice acting roles including the lead role in Inside Out , as well as parts in Shrek the Third , and Horton Hears a Who ! . Poehler is an executive producer on the televisions series Welcome to Sweden , Broad City , Difficult People , Duncanville , and Russian Doll . In December 2015 , Poehler received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to television . She won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Musical or Comedy Series in 2014 and a Critics ' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 2012 . She and Tina Fey both won the 2016 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for co-hosting Saturday Night Live ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kat_DeLuna', 'summary': "Kathleen Emperatriz DeLuna ( born November 26 , 1987 ) is an American singer , songwriter and dancer . DeLuna began pursuing a career as a singer when she was a teenager . After signing with Epic Records , she released her debut single Whine Up in 2007 . The single went on to become a commercial success , entering the Top 40 in numerous countries and topping the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart . Her debut studio album , 9 Lives ( 2007 ) , failed to see the success of its lead single . The album 's third single , Run the Show , became a hit in various territories , and reached number two on the Hot Dance Club Play chart . Following the commercial performance of her first album , DeLuna was dropped from Epic Records . DeLuna continued to record both collaborations and soundtrack singles . DeLuna later began working on her second studio album , Inside Out ( 2010 ) , which received a limited release through Universal Music Belgium . The album spawned a number of singles , notably Unstoppable , Push Push , and Dancing Tonight featuring Lil Wayne , Akon , and Fo Onassis respectively . Viva , the North American edition of the album , was slated to be released later that year ; however , this never materialized . DeLuna released the compilation album Loading in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'April 23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Helen Hunt , Eric Mabius', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helen_Hunt', 'summary': 'Helen Elizabeth Hunt ( born June 15 , 1963 ) is an American actress , director , and screenwriter . She rose to fame portraying Jamie Buchman in the sitcom Mad About You ( 1992-1999 , 2019-present ) , for which she won three Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy and four Emmy Awards ( Primetime ) for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series . Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actress for starring as Carol Connelly in the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) , while her portrayal of Cheryl Cohen-Greene in The Sessions ( 2012 ) , gained her an additional Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Her other notable films include Twister ( 1996 ) , Cast Away ( 2000 ) , What Women Want ( 2000 ) , Pay It Forward ( 2000 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Soul Surfer ( 2011 ) and The Miracle Season ( 2018 ) . Hunt made her directorial film debut with Then She Found Me ( 2007 ) , and has directed the film Ride ( 2014 ) and episodes of television series including House of Lies , This Is Us , Feud : Bette and Joan , American Housewife , and the premiere episode of the Mad About You revival .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eric_Mabius', 'summary': 'Eric Harry Timothy Mabius ( born April 22 , 1971 ) is an American actor . Born in Harrisburg , Pennsylvania , he graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville , New York , with a degree in cinema studies . After working in theater productions , Mabius made his film debut in the 1995 independent dark comedy Welcome to the Dollhouse . Mabius gained widespread recognition for his role as Daniel Meade on the ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty . He also appeared on the Showtime series The L Word and in the films Cruel Intentions , The Crow : Salvation , and Resident Evil .'}]}, {'value': 'April 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Sigourney Weaver , Dancing with the Stars castoffs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver', 'summary': "Susan Alexandra Weaver ( born October 8 , 1949 ) , professionally known as Sigourney Weaver ( /sɪˈɡɔːrni/ ) , is an American actress . Dubbed Queen of Sci-Fi , Weaver is considered to be a pioneer of action heroines in science fiction films . She is primarily known for her role as Ellen Ripley in the Alien franchise . The role earned her an Academy Award nomination in 1986 and is often regarded as one of the most significant female protagonists in all of cinema . A seven-time Golden Globe Award nominee , in 1988 she won both Best Actress in Drama and Best Supporting Actress for her work in the films Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl , becoming the first person to win two acting Golden Globes in the same year . She also received Academy Award nominations for both films . For her role in the film The Ice Storm ( 1997 ) , she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role . Weaver also received a Tony Award nomination for her work in the 1984 Broadway play Hurlyburly . Weaver 's other popular film work includes Ghostbusters ( 1984 ) , Ghostbusters II ( 1989 ) , Galaxy Quest ( 1999 ) , Holes ( 2003 ) , WALL-E ( 2008 ) , Avatar ( 2009 ) , Prayers for Bobby ( 2009 ) , Paul ( 2011 ) , The Cabin in the Woods ( 2012 ) , A Monster Calls ( 2016 ) , and The Defenders ( 2017 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars', 'summary': "Dancing with the Stars is the name of various international television series based on the format of the British TV series Strictly Come Dancing , which is distributed by BBC Worldwide , the commercial arm of the BBC . Currently the format has been licensed to over 42 territories . Versions have also been produced in dozens of countries across the world . As a result , the series became the world 's most popular television program among all genres in 2006 and 2007 , according to the magazine Television Business International , reaching the Top 10 in 17 countries . The show pairs a number of well known celebrities with professional ballroom dancers , who each week compete by performing one or more choreographed routines that follow the prearranged theme for that particular week . The dancers are then scored by a panel of judges . Viewers are given a certain amount of time to place votes for their favorite dancers , either by telephone or ( in some countries ) online . The couple with the lowest combined score provided by the judges and viewers is eliminated . This process continues until there are only two or three couples left ; when they have competed for the last time one couple is declared the champion and wins a trophy ."}]}, {'value': 'April 25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Meloni , John Walsh , Mariah Carey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Meloni', 'summary': "Christopher Peter Meloni ( born April 2 , 1961 ) is an American actor . He is known for his television roles as NYPD Detective Elliot Stabler on the NBC legal drama Law & Order : Special Victims Unit for its first twelve seasons and as inmate Chris Keller on the HBO prison drama Oz . In June 2012 , he returned to HBO , as the vampire Roman on the main cast of True Blood for the series ' fifth season . Meloni also starred in and executive produced the Syfy series Happy ! from 2017 to 2019 . His films include Man of Steel , Wet Hot American Summer , Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle , 12 Monkeys , Runaway Bride , 42 , and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Walsh_(television_host)', 'summary': "John Edward Walsh Jr. ( born December 26 , 1945 ) is an American television personality , criminal investigator , human rights and victim rights advocate , and the host/creator of America 's Most Wanted . Walsh is known for his anti-crime activism , with which he became involved following the murder of his son Adam in 1981 ; in 2008 , the late serial killer Ottis Toole was officially named as the killer of Walsh 's son . Walsh was part-owner of the now-defunct Museum of Crime & Punishment in Washington , D.C . He also anchors an investigative documentary series , The Hunt with John Walsh , which debuted on CNN in 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mariah_Carey', 'summary': "Mariah Carey ( born March 27 , 1969 or 1970 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actress and entrepreneur . Referred to as the Songbird Supreme by the Guinness World Records , she is noted for her five-octave vocal range , melismatic singing style , signature use of the whistle register , and songwriting prowess . She rose to fame in 1990 after signing to Columbia Records and releasing her eponymous debut album , which topped the U.S . Billboard 200 for eleven consecutive weeks . Soon after , Carey became the only artist ever to have their first five singles reach number one on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 chart , from Vision of Love to Emotions . Carey achieved worldwide success with follow-up R & B and pop albums Music Box ( 1993 ) , Merry Christmas ( 1994 ) , and Daydream ( 1995 ) . These albums spawned some of Carey 's most successful singles , including Hero , Without You , All I Want for Christmas Is You , Fantasy , Always Be My Baby , as well as One Sweet Day , which later became Billboard 's Song Of The Decade ( 1990s ) . After separating from Mottola , Carey adopted a new image and incorporated more elements of hip hop into her music with the release of Butterfly ( 1997 ) . Billboard named her the country 's most successful artist of the 1990s , while the World Music Awards honored her as the world 's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s , and the best-selling female artist of the millennium . After eleven consecutive years charting a U.S. number-one single , Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $ 100 million recording contract with Virgin Records . However , following her highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown , as well as the critical and commercial failure of her film Glitter ( 2001 ) and its accompanying soundtrack , her contract was bought out for $ 50 million by Virgin and she signed with Island Records the next year ."}]}, {'value': 'April 28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Downey , Jr. , Hilary Duff , 6th American Idol Finalist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Downey,_Jr.', 'summary': "Robert John Downey Jr. ( born April 4 , 1965 ) is an American actor , producer , and singer . His career has been characterized by critical and popular success in his youth , followed by a period of substance abuse and legal troubles , before a resurgence of commercial success in middle age . In 2008 , Downey was named by Time magazine among the 100 most influential people in the world , and from 2013 to 2015 , he was listed by Forbes as Hollywood 's highest-paid actor . His films have grossed over $ 14.4 billion worldwide , making him the second highest-grossing box-office star of all time . At the age of five , he made his acting debut in Robert Downey Sr. 's film Pound in 1970 . He subsequently worked with the Brat Pack in the teen films Weird Science ( 1985 ) and Less Than Zero ( 1987 ) . In 1992 , Downey portrayed the title character in the biopic Chaplin , for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won a BAFTA Award . Following a stint at the Corcoran Substance Abuse Treatment Facility on drug charges , he joined the TV series Ally McBeal , for which he won a Golden Globe Award ; however in the wake of two drug charges , one in late 2000 and one in early 2001 , he was fired and his character terminated . He stayed in a court-ordered drug treatment program shortly after and has maintained his sobriety since 2003 . Initially , bond completion companies would not insure Downey , until Mel Gibson paid the insurance bond for the 2003 film The Singing Detective . He subsequently went on to star in the black comedy Kiss Kiss Bang Bang ( 2005 ) , the thriller Zodiac ( 2007 ) , and the action comedy Tropic Thunder ( 2008 ) ; for the latter he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Downey gained wider recognition for starring as Tony Stark / Iron Man in ten films within the Marvel Cinematic Universe , beginning with Iron Man ( 2008 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hilary_Duff', 'summary': "Hilary Erhard Duff ( born September 28 , 1987 ) is an American actress , businesswoman , singer , songwriter , producer , and writer . Duff began her acting career at a young age and quickly became labeled a teen idol as the title character of the hit television series Lizzie McGuire ( 2001-2004 ) and in the theatrical film based on the series , The Lizzie McGuire Movie ( 2003 ) . Thereafter , Duff appeared in numerous films , with leading roles in Agent Cody Banks ( 2003 ) , Cheaper by the Dozen ( 2003 ) , A Cinderella Story ( 2004 ) , and Cheaper by the Dozen 2 ( 2005 ) . After experiencing commercial and critical failure in Material Girls ( 2006 ) , Duff began appearing in independent films such as War , Inc. ( 2008 ) , According to Greta ( 2009 ) , and The Haunting of Sharon Tate ( 2019 ) . She was also an executive producer on the latter two films . Since 2015 , she has starred as Kelsey Peters on the TV Land comedy-drama series Younger , for which she has received nominations for People 's Choice Awards in 2016 and 2017 . Duff first came to prominence in music after releasing her Christmas-themed debut studio album , Santa Claus Lane ( 2002 ) , through Walt Disney Records . She then enjoyed significant commercial success and platinum and gold certifications with her subsequent studio albums released through Hollywood Records , including Metamorphosis ( 2003 ) , Hilary Duff ( 2004 ) , Most Wanted ( 2005 ) , and Dignity ( 2007 ) . Following a hiatus from music , Duff signed with RCA Records for her fifth studio album , Breathe In . Breathe Out . ( 2015 ) , which debuted in the top 5 positions in Duff 's major markets : the US and Canada . In addition to music and acting , Duff has also co-authored a trilogy of novels , beginning with Elixir ( 2010 ) , which became a New York Times best seller , and followed by the sequels Devoted ( 2011 ) and True ( 2013 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Idol', 'summary': "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller , produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment , and distributed by Fremantle North America . It initially aired on Fox from June 11 , 2002 , to April 7 , 2016 , for 15 seasons . It had a hiatus for two years , until March 11 , 2018 , when a revival of the series aired on ABC . It started as an addition to the Idols format that was based on Pop Idol from British television , and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television . The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents , with the winner determined by American viewers using phones , Internet , and SMS text voting . The winners of the first seventeen seasons , as chosen by viewers , are Kelly Clarkson , Ruben Studdard , Fantasia Barrino , Carrie Underwood , Taylor Hicks , Jordin Sparks , David Cook , Kris Allen , Lee DeWyze , Scotty McCreery , Phillip Phillips , Candice Glover , Caleb Johnson , Nick Fradiani , Trent Harmon , Maddie Poppe , and Laine Hardy respectively . American Idol employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants ' performances . The original judges , for the first through eighth seasons , were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson , singer and choreographer Paula Abdul , and music executive and manager Simon Cowell . The judging panel for the last three seasons on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban , Jennifer Lopez , and Harry Connick Jr . The sixteenth season brought three new judges : singers Lionel Richie , Katy Perry , and Luke Bryan . The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman , but Seacrest remained as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series . The success of American Idol has been described as unparalleled in broadcasting history ."}]}], 'section_title': 'April 2008', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_20)_7', 'intro': "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 20th season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment."}
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What is the name of the husband of this actress and dancer who co-hosted the show when the actress from Taxi Driver ( 1976 ) and The Accused ( 1988 ) guest starred ?
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Mark Consuelos
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ff6d17f786fc3779
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Athletic_Conference', 'title': 'American Athletic Conference', 'header': ['Year', 'Name', 'Location', 'Opposing Conference'], 'data': [{'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cotton , Peach , Fiesta , or Playoff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cotton_Bowl_Classic', 'summary': 'The Cotton Bowl Classic , also simply known as the Cotton Bowl , is an American college football bowl game that has been held annually in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex since January 1 , 1937 . The game was originally played at its namesake stadium in Dallas before moving to AT & T Stadium in nearby Arlington in 2010 . Since 2014 , the game has been sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and officially known as the Goodyear Cotton Bowl Classic . It has been previously sponsored by Southwestern Bell Corporation/SBC Communications/AT & T ( 1997-2014 ) and Mobil ( 1989-1995 ) . Historically , the game hosted the champion of the Southwest Conference ( SWC ) against a team invited from elsewhere in the country , frequently a major independent or a runner-up from the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Following the dissolution of the SWC in 1996 , the game hosted a runner-up from the Big 12 Conference , facing an SEC team from 1999 to 2014 . The Cotton Bowl Classic has served as one of six bowls in the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) since the 2014 season ; it hosted a national semifinal following the 2015 and 2018 seasons .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peach_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Peach Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played in Atlanta since December 1968 . Since 1997 , it has been sponsored by Chick-fil-A and is officially known as the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl . From 2006 to 2013 , it was officially referred to as simply the Chick-fil-A Bowl . The first three Peach Bowls were played at Grant Field on the Georgia Tech campus in Atlanta . Between 1971 and 1992 , Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium hosted the game . Between 1993 and 2016 , the Georgia Dome played host . The bowl then moved to Mercedes-Benz Stadium starting in 2017 . Since the 2014 season , the Peach Bowl has featured College Football Playoff matchups , with the 2016 , 2019 , 2022 , and 2025 games hosting a national semifinal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fiesta_Bowl', 'summary': "The Fiesta Bowl is an American college football bowl game played annually in the Phoenix metropolitan area . From its beginning in 1971 through 2006 , the game was hosted in Tempe , Arizona at Sun Devil Stadium . Since 2007 , it has been held at the State Farm Stadium in Glendale , Arizona . Since December 2016 , it has been sponsored by PlayStation and officially known as the PlayStation Fiesta Bowl . The January 2016 game was sponsored by BattleFrog , creators of the obstacle racing series featured in the ESPN program BattleFrog College Championship , and Vizio sponsored the December 2014 game . From 1996 through the January 2014 game , Frito-Lay was the bowl 's title sponsor through its Tostitos tortilla chip brand . Other previous sponsors include IBM ( 1993-1995 ) and Sunkist ( 1986-1990 ) . In 1998 , the Fiesta Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) , and before 2006 every four years ( most recently in 2010 ) was the designee for the national championship game . Beginning with the 2014 season , Fiesta Bowl became a member of College Football Playoff , hosting a semifinal game every three years ; all the teams playing in this bowl will be selected by the CFP Selection Committee in those years . The Fiesta Bowl has donated more than $ 12 million to charity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/College_Football_Playoff', 'summary': "The College Football Playoff ( CFP ) is an annual postseason knockout invitational tournament to determine a national champion for the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level of college football competition in the United States . Four teams play in two semifinal games , and the winner of each semifinal advances to the College Football Playoff National Championship game . The inaugural tournament was held at the end of the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season and was won by the Ohio State Buckeyes , who defeated the Oregon Ducks in the championship game . After the first season , the playoff was dominated for several years by two teams , the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Clemson Tigers ; they faced each other in the championship game three times , and in one other year they met in the semifinals . A 13-member committee selects and seeds the four teams to take part in the CFP . This system differs from the use of polls or computer rankings that had previously been used to select the participants for the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) , the title system used in FBS from 1998 to 2013 . The current format is a Plus-One system , an idea which became popular as an alternative to the BCS after the 2003 and 2004 seasons ended in controversy . The two semifinal games rotate among six major bowl games , referred to as the New Year 's Six : the Rose Bowl , Sugar Bowl , Orange Bowl , Cotton Bowl , Fiesta Bowl , and Peach Bowl . In addition to the four teams selected for the playoff , the final CFP rankings are used to help determine the participants for the other four New Year 's Six bowls that are not hosting the semifinals that year . The semifinal games , which take place on the same day , are usually scheduled on Friday , Saturday , or Monday close to or on New Years Day , with flexibility allowed to ensure that they are not in conflict with other bowl games traditionally held on New Year 's Day . The National Championship game is then played on the first Monday that is six or more days after the semifinals . The venue of the championship game is selected based on bids submitted by cities , similar to the Super Bowl or NCAA Final Four ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas , Atlanta , Glendale , or Playoff Site', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas', 'summary': "Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and seat of Dallas County , with portions extending into Collin , Denton , Kaufman and Rockwall counties . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,345,076 , it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio . Located in North Texas , the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea . [ a ] It is the most populous city in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.5 million people . Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton , cattle and later oil in North and East Texas . The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas 's prominence as a transportation hub , with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it . Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port , due to the convergence of major railroad lines , interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , one of the largest and busiest airports in the world . In addition , Dallas has DART ( Dallas Area Rapid Transit ) with different colored train lines that transport throughout the metroplex . Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense , financial services , information technology , telecommunications , and transportation . Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits . The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies , including American Airlines ( Fort Worth ) and ExxonMobil ( Irving ) . Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area , which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Atlanta', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona', 'summary': 'Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , located about nine miles ( 14 km ) northwest from Downtown Phoenix . According to the 2018 U.S. Census estimates , the population of the city is 250,702 .'}]}, {'value': 'CFP At-Large', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Football_Playoff', 'summary': "The College Football Playoff ( CFP ) is an annual postseason knockout invitational tournament to determine a national champion for the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest level of college football competition in the United States . Four teams play in two semifinal games , and the winner of each semifinal advances to the College Football Playoff National Championship game . The inaugural tournament was held at the end of the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season and was won by the Ohio State Buckeyes , who defeated the Oregon Ducks in the championship game . After the first season , the playoff was dominated for several years by two teams , the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Clemson Tigers ; they faced each other in the championship game three times , and in one other year they met in the semifinals . A 13-member committee selects and seeds the four teams to take part in the CFP . This system differs from the use of polls or computer rankings that had previously been used to select the participants for the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) , the title system used in FBS from 1998 to 2013 . The current format is a Plus-One system , an idea which became popular as an alternative to the BCS after the 2003 and 2004 seasons ended in controversy . The two semifinal games rotate among six major bowl games , referred to as the New Year 's Six : the Rose Bowl , Sugar Bowl , Orange Bowl , Cotton Bowl , Fiesta Bowl , and Peach Bowl . In addition to the four teams selected for the playoff , the final CFP rankings are used to help determine the participants for the other four New Year 's Six bowls that are not hosting the semifinals that year . The semifinal games , which take place on the same day , are usually scheduled on Friday , Saturday , or Monday close to or on New Years Day , with flexibility allowed to ensure that they are not in conflict with other bowl games traditionally held on New Year 's Day . The National Championship game is then played on the first Monday that is six or more days after the semifinals . The venue of the championship game is selected based on bids submitted by cities , similar to the Super Bowl or NCAA Final Four ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fenway Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fenway_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Fenway Bowl is a planned NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game schedule to be played at Fenway Park in Boston , Massachusetts , starting in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season . The college conferences that have tie-ins with the bowl are the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) and the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . It is scheduled to become the third active bowl game staged in a baseball stadium , along with the Pinstripe Bowl ( Yankee Stadium ) and Cheez-It Bowl ( Chase Field ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston , Massachusetts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Boston ( UK : /ˈbɒstən/ , US : /ˈbɔːstən/ ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States , and the 21st most populous city in the United States . The city proper covers 49 square miles ( 127 km2 ) with an estimated population of 694,583 in 2018 , also making it the most populous city in New England . Boston is the seat of Suffolk County as well , although the county government was disbanded on July 1 , 1999 . The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston , a metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country . As a combined statistical area ( CSA ) , this wider commuting region is home to some 8.2 million people , making it the sixth most populous in the United States . Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States , founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name . It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution , such as the Boston Massacre , the Boston Tea Party , the Battle of Bunker Hill , and the Siege of Boston . Upon gaining U.S. independence from Great Britain , it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture . The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation . Its rich history attracts many tourists , with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year . Boston 's many firsts include the United States ' first public park ( Boston Common , 1634 ) , first public or state school ( Boston Latin School , 1635 ) and first subway system ( Tremont Street Subway , 1897 ) . Today , Boston is a thriving center of scientific research as well as port of entry for commerce and international immigration ."}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Military Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Military_Bowl', 'summary': "The Military Bowl is a post-season National Collegiate Athletic Association-sanctioned Division I college football bowl game that has been played annually each December in the Washington metropolitan area since 2008 . The game was originally held at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium in Washington , D.C. before moving to Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium in Annapolis , Maryland in 2013 . The 2014 through 2019 games are featuring teams from the American Athletic Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference . During initial planning stages , the game was known as the Congressional Bowl , but was first played in 2008 as the EagleBank Bowl sponsored by Washington-area financial institution EagleBank . After Northrop Grumman , one of the world 's leading defense contractors , became its sponsor in 2010 , it was officially renamed the Military Bowl presented by Northrop Grumman ."}]}, {'value': 'Annapolis , Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland', 'summary': "Annapolis ( /əˈnæpəlɪs/ ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County . Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River , 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of Baltimore and about 30 miles ( 50 km ) east of Washington , D.C. , Annapolis is part of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area . Its population was measured at 38,394 by the 2010 census . This city served as the seat of the Confederation Congress ( former Second Continental Congress ) and temporary national capital of the United States in 1783-1784 . At that time , General George Washington came before the body convened in the new Maryland State House and resigned his commission as commander of the Continental Army . A month later , the Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris of 1783 , ending the American Revolutionary War , with Great Britain recognizing the independence of the United States . The city and state capitol was also the site of the 1786 Annapolis Convention , which issued a call to the states to send delegates for the Constitutional Convention to be held the following year in Philadelphia . Over 220 years later , the Annapolis Peace Conference was held in 2007 . Annapolis is the home of St. John 's College , founded 1696 ; the United States Naval Academy , established 1845 , is adjacent to the city limits ."}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': '2020/22/24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hawaiʻi Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hawaii_Bowl', 'summary': "The Hawaiʻi Bowl is a college football bowl game that has been played annually at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu , Hawaii , since 2002 . The bowl is one of the post-season contests run by ESPN Events . Since 2018 , the game has been sponsored by the personal finance company SoFi and officially known as the SoFi Hawai ' i Bowl . Previous sponsors include ConAgra Foods ( 2002 ) and Sheraton Hotels and Resorts Hawaii ( 2003-2013 ) . Typically played on or near Christmas Eve , the bowl normally features a team from the Mountain West Conference , playing a team from either the American Athletic Conference or Conference USA . For practical and logistical reasons , the Mountain West bid is automatically awarded to the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors if the team is bowl-eligible , and was not selected to play in a New Year 's Six ( or previously BCS ) bowl game . This means that the Rainbow Warriors do not have to travel to the mainland for a bowl game unless it is of significant importance . As a result of this practice , they have also made the most appearances in the game , at nine ."}]}, {'value': 'Honolulu , Hawaii', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Honolulu', 'summary': 'Honolulu ( /ˌhɒnəˈluːluː/ ; Hawaiian : [ honoˈlulu ] ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii . It is an unincorporated part of and the county seat of the City and County of Honolulu along the southeast coast of the island of Oʻahu . [ a ] The city is the main gateway to Hawaiʻi and a major portal into the United States . The city is also a major hub for international business and military defense , as well as being host to a diverse variety of east-west and Pacific cultures , cuisine , and traditions . Honolulu is the remotest city of its size in the world , and is the westernmost and southernmost major U.S. city . For statistical purposes , the United States Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as City of Honolulu ( not to be confused with the City and County ) as a census county division ( CCD ) . Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands and of the Pacific Ocean . The population of the Honolulu census designated place ( CDP ) was 359,870 as of the 2017 population estimate , while the Honolulu CCD was 390,738 and the population of the consolidated city and county was 953,207 . Honolulu means sheltered harbor or calm port in Hawaiian . The old name is Kou , a district roughly encompassing the area from Nuʻuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district . The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan near the city on December 7 , 1941 . As of 2015 [ update ] , Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings , and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S .'}]}, {'value': 'MWC or BYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference', 'summary': 'The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West .'}, {'url': '/wiki/BYU_Cougars_football', 'summary': 'The BYU Cougars team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922 , and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984 . The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history , but since July 1 , 2011 , they have competed as an Independent . The team plays home games at the 63,470-seat LaVell Edwards Stadium , which is named after legendary head coach LaVell Edwards . LaVell Edwards won 19 conference championships , seven bowl games , and one national championship ( 1984 ) while coaching at BYU , and is regarded as the most successful coach in BYU program history .'}]}, {'value': '2021/23/25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Armed Forces Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armed_Forces_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Armed Forces Bowl , formerly the Fort Worth Bowl from 2003 to 2005 , is an annual postseason college football bowl game . First played in 2003 , the game is normally held at the 45,000-seat Amon G. Carter Stadium on the campus of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth , Texas . The 2010 and 2011 editions were instead played at Gerald J. Ford Stadium in University Park , Texas , when Amon G. Carter Stadium underwent a reconstruction project . The game features teams from a variety of collegiate football conferences ; in addition , the independent United States Military Academy ( Army ) is also eligible to participate . Since 2014 , the game has been sponsored by Lockheed Martin and officially known as the Lockheed Martin Armed Forces Bowl . Previous sponsors include Bell Helicopter ( 2006-2013 ) and PlainsCapital Bank ( 2003-2004 ) . The contest is one of 14 bowls produced by ESPN Events ( previously ESPN Regional Television ) and has been televised annually on ESPN since its inception . Armed Forces Insurance is the official Insurance Partner of the Armed Forces Bowl and has sponsored the Great American Patriot Award , presented at halftime at the bowl , since 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Fort Worth , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas', 'summary': "Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the 13th-largest city in the United States . It is the county seat of Tarrant County , covering nearly 350 square miles ( 910 km2 ) into three other counties : Denton , Parker , and Wise . According to the 2018 census estimates , Fort Worth 's population was 898,919 . Fort Worth is the second-largest city in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area , which is the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the United States . The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River . Fort Worth has historically been a center of the longhorn cattle trade . It still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design . USS Fort Worth ( LCS-3 ) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city . Fort Worth is home to the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition and several world-class museums designed by internationally known contemporary architects . The Kimbell Art Museum , considered to have one of the best art collections in Texas , is housed in what is widely regarded as one of the outstanding architectural achievements of the modern era . The museum was designed by the American architect Louis Kahn , with an addition designed by world-renowned Italian architect Renzo Piano opening November 2013 . Also of note is the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth , designed by Tadao Ando ."}]}, {'value': 'Big 12 or Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_12_Conference', 'summary': "The Big 12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . The conference consists of ten full-member universities . It is a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for all sports . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , in the states of Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private , Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has 11 affiliate members - eight for the sport of wrestling , one of which is also a member in women 's equestrianism ; one for women 's gymnastics ; and two for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25 , 1994 . The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference , which commenced competition on August 31 , 1996 . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010-13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A & M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Army_Black_Knights_football', 'summary': "The Army Black Knights football team , previously known as the Army Cadets , represents the United States Military Academy in college football . Army is currently a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) member of the NCAA . The Black Knights currently play home games in Michie Stadium with a capacity of 38,000 at West Point , New York . The Black Knights are coached by Jeff Monken who is in his sixth season as head coach . Army is a five-time national champion , winning the title in 1914 , 1916 , and from 1944-1946 . With the exception of seven seasons ( 1998-2004 ) where the team was a member of Conference USA , Army has competed as an independent , meaning that they have no affiliation with any conference . Currently , Army is one of six FBS schools whose football teams do not belong to any conference ; the others being BYU , Liberty , New Mexico State , Notre Dame , and UMass . However , for all other sports Army is primarily a member of the Patriot League . Three players from Army have won the Heisman Trophy : Doc Blanchard ( 1945 ) , Glenn Davis ( 1946 ) , and Pete Dawkins ( 1958 ) . The three major service academies - Air Force , Army , and Navy - compete for the Commander-in-Chief 's Trophy , which is awarded to the academy that defeats the others in football that year ( or retained by the previous winner in the event of a three-way tie ) . Army has won eight CIC Trophies , most recently in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cure Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cure_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Cure Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game played in December of each year in Orlando , Florida , currently at Exploria Stadium . The Cure Bowl is so named to promote awareness and research of breast cancer , with proceeds going to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation . From its inaugural game in 2015 through the 2018 game , the game was played at Camping World Stadium and was sponsored by AutoNation , being officially known as the AutoNation Cure Bowl . In December 2019 , FBC Mortgage became the new title sponsor , making the game officially the FBC Mortgage Cure Bowl . The Cure Bowl usually features teams from the American Athletic Conference and the Sun Belt Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Orlando , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orlando,_Florida', 'summary': "Orlando ( /ɔːrˈlændoʊ/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Orange County . Located in Central Florida , it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area , which had a population of 2,509,831 , according to U.S. Census Bureau figures released in July 2017 . These figures make it the 23rd-largest metropolitan area in the United States , the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States , and the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida . As of 2018 , Orlando had an estimated city-proper population of 285,713 , making it the 71st-largest city in the United States , the fourth-largest city in Florida , and the state 's largest inland city . The City of Orlando is nicknamed the City Beautiful , and its symbol is the Linton E. Allen Memorial Fountain , commonly referred to as simply the Lake Eola fountain at Lake Eola Park . The Orlando International Airport ( MCO ) is the thirteenth-busiest airport in the United States and the 29th-busiest in the world . Orlando is one of the most visited cities in the world primarily driven by tourism , major events , and convention traffic , in 2018 the city drew more than 75 million visitors . The two largest and most internationally renowned tourist attractions in the Orlando area include the Walt Disney World Resort , opened by the Walt Disney Company in 1971 , and located approximately 21 miles ( 34 km ) southwest of Downtown Orlando in Bay Lake ; and the Universal Orlando Resort , opened in 1990 as a major expansion of Universal Studios Florida . With the exception of Walt Disney World , most major attractions are located along International Drive with one of these attractions being the Wheel at ICON Park Orlando . The city is also one of the busiest American cities for conferences and conventions ; the Orange County Convention Center is the second-largest convention facility in the United States . Like other major cities in the Sun Belt , Orlando grew rapidly from the 1980s up into the first decade of the 21st century . Orlando is home to the University of Central Florida , which is the largest university campus in the United States in terms of enrollment as of 2015 [ update ] ."}]}, {'value': 'Sun Belt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference', 'summary': "The Sun Belt Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that has been affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I since 1976 . Originally a non-football conference , the Sun Belt began sponsoring football in 2001 . Its football teams participate in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) . The 12 member institutions of the Sun Belt are distributed primarily across the southern United States ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boca Raton Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boca_Raton_Bowl', 'summary': "The Boca Raton Bowl is an annual National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) sanctioned post-season Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) college football bowl game played in Boca Raton , Florida , since December 2014 at FAU Stadium on the campus of Florida Atlantic University . Since 2017 , the game has been sponsored by the New York-based beverage company Cheribundi and for sponsorship reasons was the Cheribundi Tart Cherry Boca Raton Bowl that year ; it has been the Cheribundi Boca Raton Bowl since 2018 . The bowl 's previous sponsor was the sporting goods company Marmot ( 2015 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Boca Raton , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida', 'summary': "Boca Raton ( /rəˈtoʊn/ rə-TOHN ) , often referred to as simply Boca , is the southernmost city in Palm Beach County , Florida , United States . It was first incorporated on August 2 , 1924 as Bocaratone , and then incorporated as Boca Raton in 1925 . It is one of the wealthiest communities in South Florida . The 2018 population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau was 99,244 . However , approximately 200,000 people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside its municipal boundaries , in newer developments such as West Boca Raton . As a business center , the city experiences significant daytime population increases . Boca Raton is 43 miles ( 69 km ) north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which had a population of 6,012,331 people as of 2015 . Boca Raton is home to the main campus of Florida Atlantic University and the corporate headquarters of Office Depot , ADT , Cancer Treatment Centers of America , and Bluegreen Corporation . It is also home to the Evert Tennis Academy , owned by former professional tennis player Chris Evert . Boca Town Center , an upscale shopping center in central Boca Raton , is the largest indoor mall in Palm Beach County . The downtown is centered around Mizner Park . Many buildings in the area have a Mediterranean Revival or Spanish Colonial Revival architectural theme , initially inspired by Addison Mizner , a resort architect who heavily influenced the city 's early development ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC or C-USA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frisco Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frisco_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Frisco Bowl is an annual National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) sanctioned post-season Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) college football bowl game played in Frisco , Texas , since December 2017 . The bowl has a tie-in with the American Athletic Conference , and chooses another team at-large . Originally known as the DXL Frisco Bowl , the bowl has been sponsored by Tropical Smoothie Cafe since 2019 and is officially the Tropical Smoothie Cafe Frisco Bowl .'}]}, {'value': 'Frisco , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frisco,_Texas', 'summary': 'Frisco is a city in Collin and Denton counties in Texas . It is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , and is approximately 25 miles ( 40 km ) from both Dallas Love Field and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport . The city population was 116,989 at the 2010 census . The 2018 Census estimate placed the city population at 188,170 . Frisco was the fastest-growing city in the United States in 2017 , and also the fastest-growing city in the nation from 2000 to 2009 . In the late 1990s , the northern Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex suburban development tide hit the northern border of Plano and spilled into Frisco , sparking rapid growth into the 2000s . Like many of the cities in the northern suburbs of Dallas , Frisco serves as a bedroom community for professionals who work in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex . Since 2003 , Frisco has received the designation Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation .'}]}, {'value': 'C-USA , MAC , Sun Belt or BYU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference', 'summary': "The Sun Belt Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that has been affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I since 1976 . Originally a non-football conference , the Sun Belt began sponsoring football in 2001 . Its football teams participate in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) . The 12 member institutions of the Sun Belt are distributed primarily across the southern United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BYU_Cougars_football', 'summary': 'The BYU Cougars team is the college football program representing Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922 , and have won 23 conference championships and one national championship in 1984 . The team has competed in several different athletic conferences during its history , but since July 1 , 2011 , they have competed as an Independent . The team plays home games at the 63,470-seat LaVell Edwards Stadium , which is named after legendary head coach LaVell Edwards . LaVell Edwards won 19 conference championships , seven bowl games , and one national championship ( 1984 ) while coaching at BYU , and is regarded as the most successful coach in BYU program history .'}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Birmingham Bowl is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I FBS college football bowl game played annually since 2006 at the 71,594-seat Legion Field in Birmingham , Alabama . The game is owned and operated by ESPN Events . The University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) also provides marketing , management and game-day operations support . The game was previously known as the PapaJohns.com Bowl ( 2006-2010 ) and the BBVA Compass Bowl ( 2011-2014 ) . TicketSmarter signed on as the title sponsor of the 2019 game , making it the TicketSmarter Birmingham Bowl .'}]}, {'value': 'Birmingham , Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gasparilla Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gasparilla_Bowl', 'summary': "The Gasparilla Bowl is an annual NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game played in the Tampa Bay Area . It was first played in 2008 as the St. Petersburg Bowl at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg , Florida . The game was renamed the Gasparilla Bowl in 2017 as a nod to the legend of José Gaspar , a mythical pirate who supposedly operated in the Tampa Bay area and who is the inspiration for Tampa 's Gasparilla Pirate Festival . In May 2018 , the owners announced the bowl would be relocated to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa . Since 2017 , the game has been sponsored by Bad Boy Mowers and officially known as Bad Boy Mowers Gasparilla Bowl . Previous sponsors include Bitcoin ( 2014 ) , Beef O'Brady 's ( 2009-2013 ) , and magicJack ( 2008 ) . From 2010 to 2013 when Beef O'Brady 's was the title sponsor , the game was officially known as simply the Beef O'Brady 's Bowl . The bowl game features teams from the American Athletic Conference against the Southeastern Conference . Previously , the 2016 edition of the game featured an SEC team , Mississippi State ."}]}, {'value': 'Tampa , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampa,_Florida', 'summary': "Tampa is a major city in , and the county seat of , Hillsborough County , Florida , United States . It is on the west coast of Florida on Tampa Bay , near the Gulf of Mexico . Tampa is the largest city in the Tampa Bay Area . With a population of 392,890 in 2018 , Tampa is the third-largest city in Florida , after Miami and Jacksonville . The bay 's port is the largest in the state , near downtown 's Channel District . Bayshore Boulevard runs along the bay , and is east of the historic Hyde Park neighborhood . Today , Tampa is part of the metropolitan area most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay Area . For U.S. Census purposes , Tampa is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . The four-county area is composed of roughly 3.1 million residents , making it the second largest metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) in the state , and the fourth largest in the Southeastern United States , behind Washington , D.C. ; Miami ; and Atlanta . The Greater Tampa Bay area , has over 4 million residents and generally includes the Tampa and Sarasota metro areas . The city had a population of 335,709 at the 2010 census , and an estimated population of 392,890 in 2018 . As of 2018 , Tampa 's annual growth rate is 1.63% ."}]}, {'value': 'SEC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southeastern_Conference', 'summary': "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Responder Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Responder_Bowl', 'summary': "The First Responder Bowl is an NCAA post-season college football bowl game played annually in the Dallas , Texas , area . The bowl was first held on January 1 , 2011 , and since 2014 has been contested in late December . All editions of the bowl have been held at the Cotton Bowl in Fair Park in Dallas with one exception ; since the Cotton Bowl was being used for the 2020 NHL Winter Classic and was not available , the 2019 edition of the bowl was played at Gerald J. Ford Stadium on the campus of Southern Methodist University in nearby University Park , Texas . Originally commissioned as the Dallas Football Classic , it has undergone name changes due to changes in sponsorship . From 2011 to 2012 , it was named the TicketCity Bowl after sponsor TicketCity . It was then known as the Heart of Dallas Bowl when PlainsCapital Bank ( 2013 ) and Zaxby 's ( 2014-2017 ) were its sponsors . Since 2018 , the game has been sponsored by Servpro and officially known as the Servpro First Responder Bowl ."}]}, {'value': 'Dallas , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas,_Texas', 'summary': "Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and seat of Dallas County , with portions extending into Collin , Denton , Kaufman and Rockwall counties . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,345,076 , it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio . Located in North Texas , the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea . [ a ] It is the most populous city in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.5 million people . Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton , cattle and later oil in North and East Texas . The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas 's prominence as a transportation hub , with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it . Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port , due to the convergence of major railroad lines , interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , one of the largest and busiest airports in the world . In addition , Dallas has DART ( Dallas Area Rapid Transit ) with different colored train lines that transport throughout the metroplex . Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense , financial services , information technology , telecommunications , and transportation . Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits . The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies , including American Airlines ( Fort Worth ) and ExxonMobil ( Irving ) . Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area , which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Myrtle Beach Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Myrtle_Beach_Bowl', 'summary': 'The Myrtle Beach Bowl is a planned NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game to be played in Conway , South Carolina , and owned by ESPN Events . The college leagues that have tie-ins with the bowl are Conference USA , Mid-American Conference and Sun Belt Conference . The affiliation contract with ESPN Events has each conference supplying a team four times in a six-year bowl cycle from 2020 to 2025 . Coastal Carolina University will host the game at its Brooks Stadium , which will feature a new capacity of 20,000 seats following an expansion project scheduled to be complete prior to the 2019 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Conway , South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conway,_South_Carolina', 'summary': "Conway is a city in Horry County , South Carolina , United States . The population was 17,103 at the 2010 census , and had an estimated population in 2018 of 24,980 . It is the county seat of Horry County and is part of the Myrtle Beach metropolitan area . It is the home of Coastal Carolina University . Numerous buildings and structures located in Conway are on the National Register of Historic Places . Among these is the City Hall building , designed by Robert Mills , architect of the Washington Monument . Since the completion of the Main Street USA project in the 1980s , Conway 's downtown has been revitalized with shops and bistros . Highlighting the renovation of the downtown area is the Riverwalk , an area of restaurants which follows a stretch of the Waccamaw River that winds through Conway . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'C-USA , MAC or Sun Belt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conference_USA', 'summary': "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sun_Belt_Conference', 'summary': "The Sun Belt Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that has been affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I since 1976 . Originally a non-football conference , the Sun Belt began sponsoring football in 2001 . Its football teams participate in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) . The 12 member institutions of the Sun Belt are distributed primarily across the southern United States ."}]}, {'value': '2020-25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Mexico Bowl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Mexico_Bowl', 'summary': 'The New Mexico Bowl is an NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game that has been played annually since 2006 at Dreamstyle Stadium , on the campus of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque , New Mexico . Owned and operated by ESPN Events , it has typically been scheduled as one of the first games of the bowl season . The bowl has tie-ins with Conference USA and the Mountain West Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Albuquerque , New Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico', 'summary': "Albuquerque ( /ˈælbəkɜːrki/ ( listen ) AL-bə-kur-kee ; Navajo : Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil [ pèːʔèltíːl tɑ̀xsɪ̀nɪ̀l ] ; Eastern Keres : Arawageeki ; Jemez : Vakêêke ; Zuni : Alo : ke : k'ya ; Jicarilla Apache : Gołgéeki'yé ) , abbreviated as ABQ , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico , and the 32nd-most populous city in the United States . The city 's nicknames are The Duke City and Burque , both of which reference its 1706 founding by Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés as La Villa de Alburquerque , named in honor of then Viceroy the 10th Duke of Alburquerque , the Villa was an outpost on El Camino Real for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area ( such as Barelas , Corrales , Isleta Pueblo , Los Ranchos , and Sandia Pueblo ) . Since the city 's founding it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including Santa Fe Railway ( ATSF ) , Route 66 , Interstate 25 , Interstate 40 , and the Albuquerque International Sunport . The population census-estimated population of the city as 560,218 in 2018 , it is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area , which has 915,927 residents as of July 2018 . The metropolitan population includes Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Zia Pueblo , Los Lunas , Belen , South Valley , Bosque Farms , Jemez Pueblo , Cuba , and part of Laguna Pueblo . This metro is included in the larger Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016 . The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis , including other major Rocky Mountain region cities such as Cheyenne , Wyoming , and Denver , Colorado , with a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census . Albuquerque serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County , and is in north-central New Mexico . The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque , and the Rio Grande flows north to south through its center , while the West Mesa and Petroglyph National Monument make up the western part of the city . Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S. , ranging from 4,900 feet ( 1,490 m ) above sea level near the Rio Grande to over 6,700 feet ( 1,950 m ) in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills . The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space ; there , the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6880+ feet ( 2,097 m ) . The economy of Albuquerque centers on science , medicine , technology , commerce , education , entertainment , and culture outlets ."}]}, {'value': 'TBD', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Football -- Bowl games', 'section_text': "Following the 2013 season , the BCS era came to a close and was replaced by the College Football Playoff . Four teams play in two semifinal games , with the winners advancing to the College Football Playoff National Championship . [ 58 ] Six bowl games — the Rose Bowl , Sugar Bowl , Orange Bowl , Cotton Bowl , Fiesta Bowl , and Peach Bowl — will rotate as hosts for the semifinal games , and host major bowls when they do not host semifinal games ( access bowls ) . With the birth of the College Football Playoff , The American lost its automatic qualifying status for one of the major bowls . Instead , one automatic qualifying spot is reserved for the highest ranked team from the `` Group of Five '' conferences – The American , Conference USA , the Mid-American Conference , Mountain West Conference , and Sun Belt Conference . Although the pick order usually corresponds to the conference standings , the bowls are not required to make their choices strictly according to the won-lost records ; many factors influence bowl selections , especially the likely turnout of the team 's fans . Picks are made after any applicable College Football Playoff selections . If a team is selected for the one of the access bowls or playoff , the bowl with the No . 2 pick will have the first pick of the remaining teams in the conference .", 'uid': 'American_Athletic_Conference_9', 'intro': "The American Athletic Conference (The American or AAC), is an American collegiate athletic conference, featuring 12 member universities and six associate member universities that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I, with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Member universities represent a range of private and public universities of various enrollment sizes located primarily in urban metropolitan areas in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. The American's legal predecessor, the original Big East Conference, was considered one of the six collegiate power conferences of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) era in college football, and The American inherited that status in the BCS's final season. With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014, The American became a Group of Five conference, which shares one automatic spot in the New Year's Six bowl games. [note 3]\n The league is the product of substantial turmoil in the old Big East during the 2010-14 conference realignment period. It is one of two conferences to emerge from the all-sports Big East in 2013. While the other successor, which does not sponsor football, purchased the Big East Conference name, The American inherited the old Big East's structure and is that conference's legal successor. However, both conferences claim 1979 as their founding date, and the same history up to 2013. The American is headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island, and led by Commissioner Michael Aresco."}
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Which bowl game is played in the fastest-growing city in the United States in 2017 ?
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Frisco Bowl
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ff6f055f94f2de24
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives', 'title': 'Indiana House of Representatives', 'header': ['Committee', 'Chair', 'Vice Chair'], 'data': [{'value': 'Agriculture and Rural Development', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Lehe ( R-25 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alan Morrison ( R-42 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commerce , Small Business , and Economic Development', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Morris ( R-84 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doug Miller ( R-48 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Committee on Joint Rules', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Bosma ( R-88 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Bosma', 'summary': "Brian C. Bosma ( born October 31 , 1957 ) is an American politician and lawyer who is the current Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives . A member of the Republican Party , Bosma has served in the Indiana House since 1986 . He replaced Gordon Harper . He was originally elected in the 50th district , but was redistricted to the 88th district in 1992 . The 88th district encompasses northeast Marion County and portions of Hancock and Hamilton County . Upon Republicans regaining a majority in the Indiana House in 2004 , he was elected to his first of four nonconsecutive terms to the speakership . He served his first term as speaker until 2006 , when Democrats gained control of the House , and has since served as speaker after Republicans obtained a super majority in the House in the 2010 elections . Outside of state politics , Bosma is in an attorney in private practice , working as a partner with Kroger , Gardis & Regas and is the founding director of Bosma Industries for the Blind , an Indianapolis-based private non-profit which serves as Indiana 's largest employer of legally blind individuals and those with severe visual impairments . On November 19 , 2019 , Bosma announced his retirement from the Indiana House of Representatives at the end of the 2020 legislative session . State Representative Todd Huston will succeed Bosma as Speaker ."}]}, {'value': 'Jerry Torr ( R-39 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Torr', 'summary': 'Gerald R. Torr ( born November 28 , 1957 ) is an American politician . He is a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 39th District , serving since 1996 . He is a member of the Republican Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Committee of the Whole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole', 'summary': "A committee of the whole is a meeting of a deliberative assembly according to modified procedural rules based on those of a committee . The committee includes all members of the assembly , except that some officers may be replaced . As with other committees , the activities of a committee of the whole are limited to considering and making recommendations on matters that the assembly has referred to it ; it can not take up other matters or vote directly on the assembly 's business . The purpose of a committee of the whole is to relax the usual limits on debate , allowing a more open exchange of views without the urgency of a final vote . Debates in a committee of the whole may be recorded but are often excluded from the assembly 's minutes . After debating , the committee submits its conclusions to the assembly ( that is , to itself ) and business continues according to the normal rules . In legislative assemblies , the committee stage of important bills is typically conducted by the committee of the whole , whereas lesser bills may be considered in smaller committees ."}]}, {'value': 'Brian Bosma ( R-88 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brian_Bosma', 'summary': "Brian C. Bosma ( born October 31 , 1957 ) is an American politician and lawyer who is the current Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives . A member of the Republican Party , Bosma has served in the Indiana House since 1986 . He replaced Gordon Harper . He was originally elected in the 50th district , but was redistricted to the 88th district in 1992 . The 88th district encompasses northeast Marion County and portions of Hancock and Hamilton County . Upon Republicans regaining a majority in the Indiana House in 2004 , he was elected to his first of four nonconsecutive terms to the speakership . He served his first term as speaker until 2006 , when Democrats gained control of the House , and has since served as speaker after Republicans obtained a super majority in the House in the 2010 elections . Outside of state politics , Bosma is in an attorney in private practice , working as a partner with Kroger , Gardis & Regas and is the founding director of Bosma Industries for the Blind , an Indianapolis-based private non-profit which serves as Indiana 's largest employer of legally blind individuals and those with severe visual impairments . On November 19 , 2019 , Bosma announced his retirement from the Indiana House of Representatives at the end of the 2020 legislative session . State Representative Todd Huston will succeed Bosma as Speaker ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courts and Criminal Code', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Washburne ( R-64 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Washburne', 'summary': 'Thomas Washburne ( c. 1963 - ) is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives , representing the 64th District since 2013 . In 2017 , Washburne announced that he would not be running for reelection to the State House .'}]}, {'value': 'Sharon Negele ( R-13 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharon_Negele', 'summary': "Sharon Negele is a member of the Indiana House of Representatives . She holds a bachelor 's degree from Western Michigan University and a master 's degree from the University of Houston . Negele was first elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Education', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Behning ( R-91 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Behning', 'summary': 'Robert William Behning is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives . Since 1992 , he has represented the 91st District , which includes parts of Marion and Hendricks Counties . His 2018 opponent is Kevin Lieneweber ( D ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Anthony Cook ( R-32 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elections and Apportionment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Milo Smith ( R-59 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milo_Smith', 'summary': "Milo Smith ( 1807 - 25 September 1869 ) was a prominent American physician and owner of the leading medical practice in the early days of Chattanooga , who served as mayor of the city in three different decades . He was born at Smith 's Cross Roads , now Dayton , Tennessee , in 1807 , by William Smith and Elizibeth Cozby . Dr. Milo Smith attended the Philadelphia Medical School where he studied medicine and earned his M.D . He later went on to marry Caroline Lipscomb , daughter of Spotswood and Elizabeth Smith Pendleton Lipscomb , of Grainger County , Tennessee , on July 20 , 1833 , in Athens , Tennessee . Their daughter , Elizibeth Nisbet Smith , was the first white child born in the city of Chattanooga after its naming and their son , William Spotswood Smith , attended the medical school in Nashville and later worked on the medical staff for Dr. Samuel H. Stout in the Confederate Army . Smith was elected mayor of Chattanooga in 1842 and then again in 1843 , making him the first mayor to ever serve two terms both consecutively and all together . He served as mayor again in from 1862 and 1863 until his office was abrogated by the Union Army during the occupation of Chattanooga . In total , Smith was served as mayor for seven individual terms ; however , each was only a year long ."}]}, {'value': 'Kathy Richardson ( R-29 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kathy_Kreag_Richardson', 'summary': 'Kathy Kreag Richardson ( born April 28 , 1956 ) was a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives representing the 29th District from 1993 to 2018 . Her House Bill 1283 dealing with libraries was amended in 2012 to declare the Grouseland Rifle the official state rifle . In December 2017 , Richardson announced that she would not be running for reelection in 2018 , but would seek the office of Hamilton County Clerk of the Circuit Court . She previously served as Clerk of the Circuit Court from 1984 to 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'Employment , Labor and Pensions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heath VanHatter ( R-38 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Randy Lyness ( R-68 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Randy_Lyness', 'summary': 'Randy Lyness ( born October 2 , 1951 ) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 68th district since 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Environmental Affairs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Wolkins ( R-18 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Wolkins', 'summary': "David Alan Wolkins ( born June 2 , 1943 ) is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives , representing the 18th District since 1988 . He has consistently supported legislation that would raise Indiana 's speed limit . Wolkins is a member of the American Legislative Exchange Council ( ALEC ) , serving as Indiana State Chair ."}]}, {'value': 'Greg Beumer ( R-33 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Beumer', 'summary': 'Greg Beumer ( born July 10 , 1954 ) is an American politician who served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 33rd district from 2013 to 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Family , Children and Human Affairs', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Frizzell ( R-93 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Frizzell', 'summary': 'David Frizzell ( born September 26 , 1941 ) is an American country music singer . He is the younger brother of country music legend Lefty Frizzell . His career first started in the late 1950s , but his biggest success came in the 1980s , 30 years into his career .'}]}, {'value': 'Cindy Ziemke ( R-55 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cindy_Ziemke', 'summary': 'Cindy Ziemke is a member of the Indiana House of Representatives , representing the 55th District . She is a Republican who was first elected to the House in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Financial Institutions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Woody Burton ( R-58 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woody_Burton', 'summary': 'Charles Woody Burton ( born June 11 , 1945 ) is an American politician . He is a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 58th District , serving since 1988 . He is a member of the Republican party . Burton served on the Johnson County Council from 1980 to 1984 . His brother is former Congressman Dan Burton .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Heaton ( R-46 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Heaton', 'summary': "Robert Charles Heaton ( 6 July 1961 - 4 November 2004 ) was an English musician best known as the drummer in the English rock band New Model Army ( NMA ) . Besides being the drummer for the band , Heaton was also responsible for much of the band 's songwriting both lyrically and musically , the musical content of NMA album Thunder and Consolation is essentially exclusively his creation . He was probably the first person to play a synchronous drum and harmonica solo , doing so in the song 'Shot 18 ' on the No Rest for The Wicked tour . He was the second drummer in NMA but the band 's first touring and recording drummer ."}]}, {'value': 'Government and Regulatory Reform', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kevin Mahan ( R-31 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Mahan', 'summary': 'Kevin Mahan ( born August 3 , 1969 ) is an American politician who served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 31st district from 2010 to 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jim Lucas ( R-69 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Insurance', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Carbaugh ( R-81 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Carbaugh', 'summary': 'Martin Carbaugh ( born October 28 , 1979 ) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 81st district since 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Richard Hamm ( R-56 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Judiciary', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gregory Steuerwald ( R-40 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wendy McNamara ( R-76 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wendy_McNamara', 'summary': 'Wendy McNamara ( born January 26 , 1970 ) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 76th district since 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Local Government', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dennis Zent ( R-51 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dennis_Zent', 'summary': 'Dennis Zent ( born September 11 , 1948 ) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 51st district since 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Borders ( R-45 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Borders', 'summary': 'Bruce Alan Borders is the former Representative for the 45th District in the Indiana House of Representatives . He is also a former mayor of the town of Jasonville , Indiana . He is also an Elvis impersonator .'}]}, {'value': 'Natural Resources', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sean Ebthart ( R-57 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Ellington ( R-62 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Public Health', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cindy Kirchhofer ( R-89 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cindy_Kirchhofer', 'summary': 'Cindy Kirchhofer ( born October 6 , 1961 ) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 89th district since 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ronald Bacon ( R-75 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_Bacon', 'summary': 'Ronald Bacon is an American respiratory therapist who serves as a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives . He was first elected in 2010 . Bacon previously served on the Warrick County Council and as Warrick County Coroner .'}]}, {'value': 'Public Policy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben Smaltz ( R-52 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Smaltz', 'summary': 'Ben Smaltz ( born January 17 , 1970 ) is an American politician who has served in the Indiana House of Representatives from the 52nd district since 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Timothy Wesco ( R-21 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timothy_Wesco', 'summary': 'Timothy Wesco is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives , representing the 21st District since 2010 . Following his election at 25 , he was the youngest member of the Indiana House . Wesco sponsored a bill that would allow homeschooled students to try out for public school athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Roads and Transportation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edmond Soliday ( R-4 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmond_Soliday', 'summary': 'Edmond L. Soliday ( born April 3 , 1945 ) is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives , representing the 4th District .'}]}, {'value': 'Mike Speedy ( R-90 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Speedy', 'summary': 'Mike Speedy is a Republican member of the Indiana House of Representatives representing the 90th district where he has served since 2010 . He previously served as an Indianapolis City Councilman for the 24th district from 2004-2010 . The American Conservative Union has given him a lifetime Legislature score of 90% .'}]}, {'value': 'Rules and Legislative Procedures', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerry Torr ( R-39 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Torr', 'summary': 'Gerald R. Torr ( born November 28 , 1957 ) is an American politician . He is a member of the Indiana House of Representatives from the 39th District , serving since 1996 . He is a member of the Republican Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Gregory Steuerwald ( R-40 )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Standing Committees', 'section_text': 'As of 25 July 2018 [ update ] . [ 3 ]', 'uid': 'Indiana_House_of_Representatives_2', 'intro': 'The Indiana House of Representatives is the lower house of the Indiana General Assembly, the state legislature of the United States state of Indiana. The House is composed of 100 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. House members serve two-year terms without term limits. According to the 2010 census, each State House district contains an average of 64,838 people. The House convenes at the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis.'}
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The vice chair of the environmental affairs committee was born when ?
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July 10 , 1954
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ff6f5e1586f94a4d
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hardaker_Trophy', 'title': 'Alan Hardaker Trophy', 'header': ['Club', 'Win ( s )', 'Year ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Manchester United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C.', 'summary': "Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford , Greater Manchester , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Nicknamed the Red Devils , the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878 , changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium , Old Trafford , in 1910 . Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football , with a record 20 League titles , 12 FA Cups , five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields . United have also won three UEFA Champions Leagues , one UEFA Europa League , one UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , one UEFA Super Cup , one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup . In 1998-99 , the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the continental European treble . By winning the UEFA Europa League in 2016-17 , they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions . The 1958 Munich air disaster claimed the lives of eight players . In 1968 , under the management of Matt Busby , Manchester United became the first English football club to win the European Cup . Alex Ferguson won 38 trophies as manager , including 13 Premier League titles , 5 FA Cups and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues , between 1986 and 2013 , when he announced his retirement . Manchester United was the highest-earning football club in the world for 2016-17 , with an annual revenue of €676.3 million , and the world 's third most valuable football club in 2019 , valued at £3.15 billion ( $ 3.81 billion ) . As of June 2015 , it is the world 's most valuable football brand , estimated to be worth $ 1.2 billion . After being floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1991 , the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million , after which the company was taken private again , before going public once more in August 2012 , when they made an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 , 2006 , 2009 , 2010 , 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liverpool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liverpool_F.C.', 'summary': "Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club in Liverpool , England , that competes in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won six European Cups , more than any other English club , three UEFA Cups , four UEFA Super Cups ( both also English records ) , one FIFA Club World Cup , eighteen League titles , seven FA Cups , a record eight League Cups , fifteen FA Community Shields and one Football League Super Cup . Founded in 1892 , the club joined the Football League the following year and has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in English and European football in the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly , Bob Paisley , Joe Fagan and Kenny Dalglish led the club to a combined eleven League titles and four European Cups . Under the management of Rafael Benítez and captained by homegrown player Steven Gerrard , Liverpool became European champions for the fifth time in 2005 , before a sixth title was added under Jürgen Klopp in 2019 . Liverpool was the seventh highest-earning football club in the world in 2019 , with an annual revenue of €513.7 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2019 , valued at $ 2.183 billion . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Liverpool has long-standing rivalries with Manchester United and Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies : the Heysel Stadium disaster , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall at the 1985 European Cup Final in Brussels , with 39 people - mostly Italians and Juventus fans - dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition , and the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . Red has been the main shirt colour ever since 1896 . The club 's anthem is You 'll Never Walk Alone ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 , 2001 , 2003 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chelsea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chelsea_F.C.', 'summary': "Chelsea Football Club are an English professional football club based in Fulham , London . Founded in 1905 , they compete in the Premier League , the top division of English football . Chelsea are among England 's most successful clubs ; they have been league champions six times and won over thirty competitive honours , including six European trophies . Their home ground is Stamford Bridge . Chelsea won their first major honour , the League Championship , in 1955 . They won the FA Cup for the first time in 1970 and their first European honour , the UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , in 1971 . After a period of decline in the late 1970s and 1980s , the club enjoyed a revival in the 1990s and had more success in cup competitions . The past two decades have been the most successful in Chelsea 's history : they won five of their six league titles and the UEFA Champions League during this period . Chelsea are one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA 's main club competitions , and the only London club to have won the Champions League . Chelsea 's home kit colours are royal blue shirts and shorts with white socks . The club 's crest features a ceremonial lion rampant regardant holding a staff . The club have rivalries with neighbouring teams Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur , and a historic rivalry with Leeds United ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 , 2005 , 2007 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manchester City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manchester_City_F.C.', 'summary': "Manchester City Football Club is an English football club based in Manchester that competes in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . Founded in 1880 as St. Mark 's ( West Gorton ) , it became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and Manchester City in 1894 . The club 's home ground is the City of Manchester Stadium in east Manchester , to which it moved in 2003 , having played at Maine Road since 1923 . Manchester City entered the Football League in 1899 , and won their first major honour with the FA Cup in 1904 . It had its first major period of success in the late 1960s , winning the League , FA Cup and League Cup under the management of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison . After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final , the club went through a period of decline , which eventually saw them relegated as far down as third tier of English football by the end of the 1997-98 season . They since regained promotion to the top tier in 2001-02 and have remained a fixture in the Premier League since 2002-03 . In 2008 , Manchester City was purchased by Abu Dhabi United Group for £210 million and received considerable financial investment . The club have won six domestic league titles . Under the management of Pep Guardiola they won the Premier League in 2018 becoming the only Premier League team to attain 100 points in a single season . In 2019 , they won four trophies , completing an unprecedented sweep of all domestic trophies in England and becoming the first English men 's team to win the domestic treble . Manchester City 's revenue was the fifth highest of a football club in the world in the 2018-19 season at €568.4 million ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014 , 2016 , 2018 , 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aston Villa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C.', 'summary': "Aston Villa Football Club ( nicknamed Villa ) is an English professional football club based in Aston , Birmingham . The club competes in the Premier League , the top tier of the English football league system . Founded in 1874 , they have played at their home ground , Villa Park , since 1897 . Aston Villa were one of the founder members of the Football League in 1888 and of the Premier League in 1992 . Villa are one of only five English clubs to have won the European Cup , in 1981-82 . They have also won the Football League First Division seven times , the FA Cup seven times , the League Cup five times , and the UEFA Super Cup once . Villa have a fierce local rivalry with Birmingham City and the Second City derby between the teams has been played since 1879 . The club 's traditional kit colours are claret shirts with sky blue sleeves , white shorts and sky blue socks . Their traditional club badge is of a rampant lion . The club is currently owned by the NSWE group , a company owned by the Egyptian billionaire Nassef Sawiris and the American billionaire Wes Edens ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994 , 1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leicester City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C.', 'summary': "Leicester City Football Club is an English professional football club based in Leicester in the East Midlands . The club competes in the Premier League , England 's top division of football , and plays its home games at the King Power Stadium . The club was founded in 1884 as Leicester Fosse F.C. , playing on a field near Fosse Road . They moved to Filbert Street in 1891 , were elected to the Football League in 1894 and adopted the name Leicester City in 1919 . They moved to the nearby Walkers Stadium in 2002 , which was renamed the King Power Stadium in 2011 . Leicester won the 2015-16 Premier League , their first top-level football championship . They are one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League since its inception in 1992 . A number of newspapers described Leicester 's title win as the greatest sporting shock ever , multiple bookmakers had never paid out at such long odds for any sport . As a result , the team was dubbed The Unbelievables , a spin-off harking back to Arsenal 's undefeated team The Invincibles . The club 's previous highest finish was second place in the top flight , in 1928-29 , then known as the First Division . Throughout their history , Leicester have spent all but one season in the top two divisions of English football . They hold a joint-highest seven second-tier titles ( six Second Division and one Championship ) ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 , 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tottenham Hotspur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C.', 'summary': "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club , commonly referred to as Tottenham ( /ˈtɒtənəm/ ) or Spurs , is an English professional football club in Tottenham , London , that competes in the Premier League . Tottenham Hotspur Stadium has been the club 's home ground since April 2019 , replacing their former home of White Hart Lane , which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site . Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield . The club is owned by ENIC Group . Tottenham have played in a first ( home ) strip of white shirts and navy blue shorts since the 1898-99 season . The club 's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football , with a Latin motto Audere est Facere ( To Dare Is to Do ) . Founded in 1882 , Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901 , the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888 . Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double , winning both competitions in the 1960-61 season . After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962 , in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition - the European Cup Winners ' Cup . They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972 , becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies . They have collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s - an achievement only matched by Manchester United . In total , Spurs have won two league titles , eight FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Community Shields , one European Cup Winners ' Cup and two UEFA Cups ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nottingham Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C.', 'summary': "Nottingham Forest Football Club , often referred to as Forest , is a professional football club based in West Bridgford , Nottinghamshire , England . Since 1898 Forest have played their home matches at the City Ground . They currently compete in the EFL Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . Forest have won 1 League title , 2 FA Cups , 4 League Cups , 1 FA Charity Shield , 2 European Cups , and 1 UEFA Super Cup . The club has competed in the top two tiers of English football since their admission to the Football League , except for five seasons spent in the third tier . Their most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in the late 1970s and early 1980s . In Clough 's last decade at the club , Forest won the 1989 and 1990 League Cups and were losing finalists in the 1991 FA Cup Final , before relegation from the Premier League in 1993 . Upon an immediate return Forest finished third in the Premier League in 1995 , before the club suffered relegation again in 1997 and , after a brief return , once more in 1999 . Forest have not been back in the Premier League since . Forest contest the Nottingham derby with city rivals Notts County , however as Forest have predominantly played in higher leagues than their neighbours fixtures between the two clubs have been rare in recent history . As such their main rivalry is with Derby County , and matches between the two clubs are known as the East Midlands derby ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sheffield Wednesday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C.', 'summary': "Sheffield Wednesday Football Club is a professional association football club based in Sheffield , England . The team competes in the Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . Formed in 1867 as an offshoot of The Wednesday Cricket Club ( itself formed in 1820 ) , they went by the name of the Wednesday Football Club until changing to their current name in 1929 . Wednesday is one of the oldest football clubs in the world of any code , and the third-oldest professional association football club in England . [ a ] In 1868 its team won the Cromwell Cup , only the second tournament of its kind . They were founding members and inaugural champions of the Football Alliance in 1889 , before joining The Football League three years later . In 1992 , they became founder members of the Premier League . The team has spent most of its league history in English football 's top flight , but they have not played at that level since being relegated in 2000 . The Owls , as they are nicknamed , have won four league titles , three FA Cups , one League Cup and one FA Community Shield . Wednesday have also competed in UEFA cup competitions on four occasions , reaching the quarter-finals of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1963 . In 1991 , they defeated Manchester United 1-0 in the Football League Cup Final as a tier 2 team . As of 2019 they remain the last team to win one of English football 's major trophies while outside the top flight In the 19th century , they played their matches at several stadiums around central Sheffield , including Olive Grove and Bramall Lane ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arsenal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arsenal_F.C.', 'summary': "Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington , London , England , that plays in the Premier League , the top flight of English football . The club has won 13 League titles , a record 13 FA Cups , 2 League Cups , 15 FA Community Shields , 1 League Centenary Trophy , 1 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup and 1 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup . Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join The Football League , in 1893 , and they reached the First Division in 1904 . Relegated only once , in 1913 , they continue the longest streak in the top division , and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history . In the 1930s , Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups , and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war . In 1970-71 , they won their first League and FA Cup Double . Between 1989 and 2005 , they won five League titles and five FA Cups , including two more Doubles . They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position . Herbert Chapman won Arsenal 's first national trophies , but died prematurely . He helped introduce the WM formation , floodlights , and shirt numbers , and added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club 's kit . Arsène Wenger was the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies . He won a record 7 FA Cups , and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004 , receiving the nickname The Invincibles ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blackburn Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C.', 'summary': "Blackburn Rovers Football Club is a professional football club in Blackburn , Lancashire , England , which competes in the Championship , the second tier of the English football league system . The club was established in 1875 , becoming a founding member of The Football League in 1888 and the Premier League in 1992 . In 1890 , Rovers moved to Ewood Park . Blackburn Rovers have been English champions three times , and have won six FA Cups , one Football League Cup and one Full Members ' Cup . The club has spent most of its existence in the top flight of English football . In 1992 , Rovers gained promotion to the new Premier League a year after being taken over by local entrepreneur Jack Walker , who installed Kenny Dalglish as manager . In 1995 , Rovers became Premier League champions . In the 1998-99 season , the club was relegated . It was promoted back to the Premier League two years later , in the 2000-01 season . It has qualified for the UEFA Cup six times : once as League Cup winners , four times through league position and once via the Intertoto Cup . The club 's motto is Arte et Labore , By Skill and Hard Work in Latin ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middlesbrough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C.', 'summary': "Middlesbrough Football Club ( /ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ( listen ) MID-əlz-brə ) is a professional association football club based in Middlesbrough , North Yorkshire , England . They are currently competing in the EFL Championship , the second tier of English football . Formed in 1876 , they have played at the Riverside Stadium since 1995 , their third ground since turning professional in 1889 . The club played at the Linthorpe Road ground from 1882 to 1903 and at Ayresome Park for 92 years , from 1903 to 1995 . Middlesbrough were one of the founding members of the Premier League in 1992 and became one of the first clubs to be relegated from it following the 1992-93 season . The club came close to folding in 1986 after experiencing severe financial difficulties before it was saved by a consortium led by then board member and later chairman Steve Gibson . The club 's main rivals are Sunderland , Newcastle United and Leeds United . The club 's achievements include winning the League Cup in 2004 , their first and to date only major trophy , and they also reached the 2006 UEFA Cup Final , losing to Spanish club Sevilla . Their highest league finish to date was third place in the top flight in the 1913-14 season and the club have only spent two seasons outside the top two divisions of English football . The League Cup win and the UEFA Cup run was part of an 11-year consecutive stay in the Premier League , before a relegation in 2009 . Although the club returned in 2016 , instant relegation followed . The club 's traditional kit is red with white detailing ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C.', 'summary': "Birmingham City Football Club is a professional football club in Birmingham , England . Formed in 1875 as Small Heath Alliance , it was renamed Small Heath in 1888 , Birmingham in 1905 , and Birmingham City in 1943 . Since 2011 , the first team have competed in the EFL Championship , the second tier of English football . As Small Heath , they played in the Football Alliance before becoming founder members and first champions of the Football League Second Division . The most successful period in their history was in the 1950s and early 1960s . They achieved their highest finishing position of sixth in the First Division in the 1955-56 season and reached the 1956 FA Cup Final . Birmingham played in two Inter-Cities Fairs Cup finals , in 1960 , as the first English club side to reach a major European final , and again the following year . They won the League Cup in 1963 and again in 2011 . Birmingham have played in the top tier of English football for around half of their history : the longest period spent outside the top division , between 1986 and 2002 , included two brief spells in the third tier of English football , during which time they won the Football League Trophy twice . St Andrew 's has been their home ground since 1906 . They have a long-standing and fierce rivalry with Aston Villa , their nearest neighbours , with whom they play the Second City derby . The club 's nickname is Blues , after the colour of their kit , and the fans are known as Bluenoses ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swansea City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swansea_City_A.F.C.', 'summary': "Swansea City Association Football Club ( /ˈswɒnzi/ ; Welsh : Clwb Pêl-droed Cymdeithas Dinas Abertawe ) is a Welsh professional football club based in Swansea , Wales that plays in the Championship , the second tier of English football . The club was founded in 1912 as Swansea Town and joined the Football League in 1921 . The club changed their name in 1969 , when they adopted the name Swansea City to reflect Swansea 's new status as a city . Swansea have played their home matches at the Liberty Stadium since 2005 , having previously played at the Vetch Field since the club was founded . In 1981 , the club was promoted to the original Football League First Division . It was during the following season they came close to winning the league title , but a decline then set in near the season 's end , before they finished sixth , still a club record . It was from here the club suffered a relegation the season after , returning to the Football League Fourth Division a few seasons later , and then narrowly avoided relegation to the Football Conference in 2003 . The Swansea City Supporters Society Ltd owns 20% of the club , with their involvement hailed by Supporters Direct as the most high profile example of the involvement of a supporters ' trust in the direct running of a club . The club 's subsequent climb from the fourth division of English football to the top division is chronicled in the 2014 film , Jack to a King - The Swansea Story . In 2011 , Swansea were promoted to the Premier League . On 24 February 2013 , Swansea beat Bradford City 5-0 to win the 2012-13 Football League Cup ( the competition 's highest ever winning margin for the final ) , winning the first major trophy in the club 's history and qualifying for the 2013-14 UEFA Europa League , where they reached the Last 32 stage but lost over two legs to Napoli . Swansea is the only team from outside England to have won the Football League Cup with that win ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Awards won by club', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Alan_Hardaker_Trophy_1', 'intro': 'The Alan Hardaker Trophy is an annual association football award presented to the Man of the Match in the EFL Cup final since 1990. The Alan Hardaker Trophy was first awarded in 1990, Des Walker was the inaugural recipient. Ben Foster, John Terry and Vincent Kompany have won the award on two occasions, the most wins by an individual. Manchester United have received the award five times, more than any other club. English players have won the trophy sixteen times, which is a record; the only other nations with multiple wins are Scotland and Belgium, with two recipients.'}
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For the club with the earliest win year , how many European cups did they win ?
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2
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ff6fc3d07da23384
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(Australian_season_13)', 'title': 'Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 13)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Best dancer ( s )', 'Highest score', 'Worst dancer ( s )', 'Lowest score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cha-cha-cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish Libby Trickett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(radio_personality)', 'summary': 'Brendan Jones ( born 3 April 1968 ) is an Australian radio presenter , media personality and motorcycling enthusiast .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sally Obermeder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sally_Obermeder', 'summary': 'Sally Obermeder ( born 17 August 1973 ) is an Australian media personality and television presenter .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz', 'summary': 'The waltz ( from German Walzer [ ˈvalt͡sɐ̯ ] ) is a ballroom and folk dance , normally in triple ( help·info ) time , performed primarily in closed position .'}]}, {'value': 'Tony Barber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Barber', 'summary': 'Anthony Ferraro Louis Barber OAM ( born 28 March 1940 ) is an English Australian Gold Logie award-winning television game show host , radio announcer and singer .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemporary_dance', 'summary': 'Contemporary dance is a genre of dance performance that developed during the mid-twentieth century and has since grown to become one of the dominant genres for formally trained dancers throughout the world , with particularly strong popularity in the U.S. and Europe . Although originally informed by and borrowing from classical , modern , and jazz styles , it has since come to incorporate elements from many styles of dance . Due to its technical similarities , it is often perceived to be closely related to modern dance , ballet , and other classical concert dance styles . In terms of the focus of its technique , contemporary dance tends to combine the strong but controlled legwork of ballet with modern that stresses on torso . It also employs contract-release , floor work , fall and recovery , and improvisation characteristics of modern dance . Unpredictable changes in rhythm , speed , and direction are often used , as well . Additionally , contemporary dance sometimes incorporates elements of non-western dance cultures , such as elements from African dance including bent knees , or movements from the Japanese contemporary dance , Butoh .'}]}, {'value': 'Cosentino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosentino_(Illusionist)', 'summary': 'Paul Cosentino ( born 2 November 1982 ) known by his stage name Cosentino , is an Australian illusionist and escapologist .'}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sophia Pou', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentine Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentine_Tango', 'summary': "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ."}]}, {'value': 'Cosentino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosentino_(Illusionist)', 'summary': 'Paul Cosentino ( born 2 November 1982 ) known by his stage name Cosentino , is an Australian illusionist and escapologist .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jesinta Campbell Sophia Pou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jesinta_Franklin', 'summary': 'Jesinta Franklin ( née Campbell ) ( born 12 August 1991 ) is an Australian TV Host , model and beauty pageant titleholder . Franklin won Miss Universe Australia 2010 and represented Australia at Miss Universe 2010 , placing 2nd Runner-Up .'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(radio_personality)', 'summary': 'Brendan Jones ( born 3 April 1968 ) is an Australian radio presenter , media personality and motorcycling enthusiast .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(radio_personality)', 'summary': 'Brendan Jones ( born 3 April 1968 ) is an Australian radio presenter , media personality and motorcycling enthusiast .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cosentino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosentino_(Illusionist)', 'summary': 'Paul Cosentino ( born 2 November 1982 ) known by his stage name Cosentino , is an Australian illusionist and escapologist .'}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(radio_personality)', 'summary': 'Brendan Jones ( born 3 April 1968 ) is an Australian radio presenter , media personality and motorcycling enthusiast .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sally Obermeder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sally_Obermeder', 'summary': 'Sally Obermeder ( born 17 August 1973 ) is an Australian media personality and television presenter .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jazz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jazz_(dance)', 'summary': "Jazz dance is a performance dance technique and style that first emerged in the United States in the early twentieth century . Jazz dance may refer to vernacular jazz or to Broadway or theatrical jazz . Both genres build on African American vernacular styles of dancing that emerged with jazz music . Vernacular jazz dance includes ragtime dances , Charleston , Lindy hop , and mambo . Popular vernacular jazz dance performers include The Whitman Sisters , Florence Mills , Ethel Waters , Al & Leon , Frankie Manning , Norma Miller , Dawn Hampton , and Katherine Dunham . Theatrical jazz dance performed on the concert stage was popularized by Jack Cole , Bob Fosse , Eugene Louis Faccuito , and Gus Giordano . The term 'jazz dance ' has been used in ways that have little or nothing to do with jazz music . Since the 1940s , Hollywood movies and Broadway shows have used the term to describe the choreographies of Bob Fosse and Jerome Robbins . In the 1990s , colleges and universities applied to the term to classes offered by physical education departments in which students dance to various forms of pop music , rarely jazz ."}]}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sally Obermeder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sally_Obermeder', 'summary': 'Sally Obermeder ( born 17 August 1973 ) is an Australian media personality and television presenter .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viennese Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viennese_Waltz', 'summary': "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ."}]}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordan Stenmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Styles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tina Arena ( Charleston )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Libby Trickett ( Lindy Hop )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Libby_Trickett', 'summary': 'Australian Lisbeth Libby Constance Trickett , OAM ( born 28 January 1985 ) , née Lisbeth Constance Lenton , is a retired competition swimmer . She was a gold medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics , the 2008 Summer Olympics , and the 2012 Summer Olympics . She was the world record holder in the short-course ( 25m ) 100-metre freestyle .'}]}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cosentino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cosentino_(Illusionist)', 'summary': 'Paul Cosentino ( born 2 November 1982 ) known by his stage name Cosentino , is an Australian illusionist and escapologist .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhiannon Fish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhiannon_Fish', 'summary': 'Rhiannon Marie Fish ( born 14 March 1991 ) is an Australian actress . Her first screen acting role was Lisa Jeffries in the television soap opera Neighbours . She starred as Rocky in the Disney Channel show As the Bell Rings and as Laura in Playing for Charlie . From 2010 until 2013 , she played April Scott on Home and Away . Fish took part in season 13 of Dancing with the Stars , and she joined the recurring cast of The 100 as Ontari in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fusion', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Hooker Jesinta Campbell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Hooker', 'summary': 'Steven Steve Leslie Hooker OAM ( born 16 July 1982 in Melbourne , Victoria ) is an Australian former pole vaulter and Olympic gold medalist . His personal best , achieved in 2008 , is 6.06 m ( 19 ft 10 1⁄2 in ) making him the fourth-highest pole vaulter in history , behind Sergey Bubka and Renaud Lavillenie and Armand Duplantis . Hooker also has a personal best of 10.82 s in 100 m as an amateur sprinter . He ran in the 2010 Stawell Gift .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jesinta_Franklin', 'summary': 'Jesinta Franklin ( née Campbell ) ( born 12 August 1991 ) is an Australian TV Host , model and beauty pageant titleholder . Franklin won Miss Universe Australia 2010 and represented Australia at Miss Universe 2010 , placing 2nd Runner-Up .'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marathon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zac Stenmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest and lowest scoring performances', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges ' 40-point scale are as follows :", 'uid': 'Dancing_with_the_Stars_(Australian_season_13)_2', 'intro': "The thirteenth season of Dancing with the Stars Australia premiered live on 1 October 2013. Daniel MacPherson continued his role as main host of the show on Channel Seven. However, Melanie Brown had announced she wouldn't be returning for her second season as co-host, in order to pursue a judging role on America's Got Talent. Sunrise weather presenter, Edwina Bartholomew permanently replaced Brown for this season. Todd McKenney and Helen Richey confirmed their returns as judges whilst, Joshua Horner resigned from the panel after two seasons. It was later revealed that two new judges will both replace Horner. Former champion and current Dancing with the Stars USA professional, Kym Johnson and actor/tap dancer Adam Garcia became the newest additions to the judges table, alongside McKenney and Richey. Twelve contestants and professional dancers participated in this season. The celebrities cast were revealed on 27 August 2013, via the networkers website, along with their professional partners and on Today Tonight. This season also marks the show's return to the Tuesday 7.30pm timeslot as it has not been presented in this format since season 7. This was the first time three professional dancers had suffered injuries in the same season; however, only one, Dannial Gosper, permanently withdrew from the show. On 26 November 2013, Cosentino and professional partner, Jessica Raffa were crowned champions for this season, defeating two female finalists Rhiannon Fish and Tina Arena, who both managed runner-up and third place respectively."}
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Who popularized the lively Latin dance in 1934 , in which the worst dancer with the lowest points is an Australian radio personality and motorcycle enthusiast ?
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Cab Calloway
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ff6ff9adf59f7887
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Alpha_Phi_Alpha_brothers', 'title': 'List of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Dennis Archer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dennis_Archer', 'summary': 'Dennis Wayne Archer ( born January 1 , 1942 ) is an American lawyer , jurist and former politician from Michigan . A Democrat , Archer served on the Michigan Supreme Court and as mayor of Detroit . He later served as president of the American Bar Association , becoming the first black president of the organization , which , until 1943 , had barred African American lawyers from membership .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Upsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_State_University', 'summary': 'Wayne State University ( WSU ) is a public research university in Detroit , Michigan . It is the third largest university in Michigan . Founded in 1868 , WSU consists of 13 schools and colleges offering nearly 350 programs to nearly 27,000 graduate and undergraduate students . Wayne State University , along with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University , comprise the University Research Corridor of Michigan . The WSU main campus comprises 203 acres linking more than 100 education and research buildings . The Wayne State Warriors compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ( GLIAC ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court ; Mayor of Detroit , Michigan ; first Black President of the American Bar Association', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court', 'summary': "The Michigan Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Michigan . It is Michigan 's court of last resort and consists of seven justices . The Court is located in the Michigan Hall of Justice at 925 Ottawa Street in Lansing , the state capital ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Detroit', 'summary': "Detroit ( /dɪˈtrɔɪt/ , locally also /ˈdiːtrɔɪt/ ; French : Détroit , lit . 'strait ' ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan , the largest U.S. city on the United States-Canada border , and the seat of Wayne County . The municipality of Detroit had a 2018 estimated population of 672,662 , making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States . The metropolitan area , known as Metro Detroit , is home to 4.3 million people , making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area . Regarded as a major cultural center , Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art , architecture and design . Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River , one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway . The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States . The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest , behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis-Saint Paul , and the 13th-largest in the United States . Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a highway tunnel , railway tunnel , and the Ambassador Bridge , which is the second busiest international crossing in North America , after San Diego-Tijuana . Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry , and the Big Three auto manufacturers General Motors , Ford , and Fiat Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit . In 1701 , Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit , the future city of Detroit . During the 19th century , it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Michigan', 'summary': "Michigan ( /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States . Its name originates from the Ojibwe word mishigamaa , meaning large water or large lake . With a population of just under 10 million , Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States , with the 11th most extensive total area , and is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River . [ b ] Its capital is Lansing , and its largest city is Detroit . Metro Detroit is among the nation 's most populous and largest metropolitan economies . Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas . The Lower Peninsula is often noted as being shaped like a mitten . The Upper Peninsula ( often called the U.P . ) is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac , a five-mile ( 8 km ) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan . The Mackinac Bridge connects the peninsulas . The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world , being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes , plus Lake Saint Clair . Michigan also has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Bar_Association', 'summary': "The American Bar Association ( ABA ) , founded August 21 , 1878 , is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students , which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States . The ABA 's most important stated activities are the setting of academic standards for law schools , and the formulation of model ethical codes related to the legal profession . As of fiscal year 2017 , the ABA had 194,000 dues-paying members , constituting approximately 14.4% of U.S. attorneys . In 1979 , half of all lawyers in the U.S. were members of the ABA . The organization 's national headquarters are in Chicago , Illinois ; it also maintains a significant branch office in Washington , D.C ."}]}, {'value': 'Richard Arrington , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Arrington,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Richard Arrington Jr. ( born October 19 , 1934 in Livingston , Alabama ) was the first Black mayor of the city of Birmingham , Alabama ( U.S. ) , serving 20 years , from 1979 to 1999 . He replaced David Vann and , upon retiring after five terms in office , installed then-City Council president William A . Bell as interim mayor . Bell went on to lose the next election to Bernard Kincaid .'}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miles_College', 'summary': 'Miles College is a private historically black liberal arts college in Fairfield , Alabama . Founded in 1898 , it is associated with the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church ( CME Church ) and a member of the United Negro College Fund .'}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "This is a list of mayors , or persons holding the equivalent office , of Birmingham , Alabama . The office of mayor was established with the incorporation of Birmingham in 1871 . Robert Henley was appointed by Governor , Robert B. Lindsay to a two-year term . Until 1910 , the Mayor presided over an ever-expanding Board of Aldermen who generally campaigned on the same ticket . Progressive reformers lobbied for a change in the form of government that year , resulting in the creation of a five-member Board of Commissioners ( later reduced to three members ) . The President of the Commission , though not formally holding the title , was widely acknowledged as Mayor under that system . In 1963 , as part of another progressive effort , this time to unseat Public Safety Commissioner Bull Connor , the form of government was again changed by referendum . Reorganized under Alabama 's Mayor Council Act of 1955 , the city government consisted of a mayor and nine at-large City Council representatives . Changing demographics in the city 's electorate led to the election of Birmingham 's first African-American mayor , Richard Arrington Jr. , in 1979 . In 1989 a change was made to elect council members by district , with 4-year terms coming at the midpoint of the mayoral term ( allowing sitting council members to campaign for the mayoral office without having to resign their seats ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas V. Barnes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gamma Rho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Purdue_University', 'summary': 'Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette , Indiana , and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system . The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science , technology , and agriculture in his name . The first classes were held on September 16 , 1874 , with six instructors and 39 students . The main campus in West Lafayette offers more than 200 majors for undergraduates , over 69 masters and doctoral programs , and professional degrees in pharmacy and veterinary medicine . In addition , Purdue has 18 intercollegiate sports teams and more than 900 student organizations . Purdue is a member of the Big Ten Conference and enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana , as well as the fourth largest foreign student population of any university in the United States . Purdue University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . Purdue has 25 American astronauts as alumni and as of April 2019 , the university has been associated with 13 Nobel Prizes .'}]}, {'value': 'Mayor of Gary , Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary,_Indiana', 'summary': 'Gary is a city in Lake County , Indiana , United States , 25 miles ( 40 km ) from downtown Chicago , Illinois . Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Park and borders southern Lake Michigan . Gary was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary , who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation . The city is known for its large steel mills , and as the birthplace of the Jackson 5 music group . Once the second largest city in Indiana , the population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census , making it the ninth-largest city in the state of Indiana . It was a prosperous city from the 1920s through the mid-1960s due to its booming steel industry , but overseas competition and restructuring of the steel industry resulted in a decline and a severe loss of jobs . Since the late 1960s , Gary has suffered drastic population loss , falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960 . The city faces the difficulties of many Rust Belt cities , including unemployment , decaying infrastructure , and low literacy and educational attainment levels . It is estimated that nearly one-third of all houses in the city are unoccupied or abandoned .'}]}, {'value': 'Marion Barry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marion_Barry', 'summary': 'Marion Shepilov Barry ( born Marion Barry Jr. ; March 6 , 1936 - November 23 , 2014 ) was an American politician who served as the second mayor of the District of Columbia from 1979 to 1991 , and again as the fourth mayor from 1995 to 1999 . A Democrat , Barry had served three tenures on the Council of the District of Columbia , representing as an at-large member from 1975 to 1979 and in Ward 8 from 1993 to 1995 , and again from 2005 to 2014 . In the 1960s he was involved in the civil rights movement , first as a member of the Nashville Student Movement and then serving as the first chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC ) . Barry came to national prominence as mayor of the national capital , the first prominent civil rights activist to become chief executive of a major American city . He gave the presidential nomination speech for Jesse Jackson at the 1984 Democratic National Convention . His celebrity was transformed into international notoriety in January 1990 , when he was videotaped during a sting operation smoking crack cocaine and was arrested by Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) officials on drug charges . The arrest and subsequent trial precluded Barry from seeking re-election , and he served six months in a federal prison . After his release , he was elected to the Council of the District of Columbia in 1992 . He was elected again as mayor in 1994 , serving from 1995 to 1999 . Despite his history of political and legal controversies , Barry was a popular and influential figure in Washington , D.C . The alternative weekly Washington City Paper nicknamed him Mayor for life , a designation that remained long after Barry left the mayoralty . The Washington Post once stated that to understand the District of Columbia , one must understand Marion Barry .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Xi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LeMoyne-Owen_College', 'summary': 'LeMoyne-Owen College ( LOC or simply LeMoyne-Owen ) is a private historically black college affiliated with the United Church of Christ and located in Memphis , Tennessee . It resulted from the 1968 merger of historically black colleges and other schools established by northern Protestant missions during and after the American Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'Mayor of Washington , DC ; first Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Washington,_D.C.', 'summary': 'Below is a list of mayors of Washington , D.C. and associated political entities .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee', 'summary': "The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC , often pronounced /snɪk/ SNIK ) was the principal channel of student commitment in the United States to the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s . Emerging in 1960 from the student-led sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in Greensboro , North Carolina and Nashville , Tennessee , the Committee sought to coordinate and assist direct-action challenges to the civic segregation and political exclusion of African-Americans . From 1962 , with the support of the Voter Education Project , SNCC committed to the registration and mobilization of black voters in the Deep South . Affiliates such as the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and the Lowndes County Freedom Organization in Alabama increased dramatically the pressure on federal and state government to enforce constitutional protections . But by the mid-1960s the measured nature of the gains made , and the violence with which they were resisted , were generating dissent from the principles of non-violence , of white participation in the movement , and of field-driven , as opposed to national-office , leadership and direction . At the same time organizers were being lost to a de-segregating Democratic Party and to federally-funded anti-poverty programs . Following an aborted merger with the Black Panther Party in 1968 , SNCC effectively dissolved . SNCC is nonetheless credited in its brief existence with breaking down barriers , both institutional and psychological , to the empowerment of African-American communities . It is also seen as offering subsequent social and political movements templates for grassroots organizing and , consistent with the vision of the Committee 's early mentor , Ella Baker , for the broad and creative participation of women ."}]}, {'value': 'Ted Berry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ted_Berry', 'summary': 'Theodore M. Berry ( November 5 , 1905 - October 15 , 2000 ) , an American politician of the Charter Party of Cincinnati , Ohio , was the first African-American mayor of Cincinnati , Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati', 'summary': 'The University of Cincinnati ( UC or Cincinnati ) is a public research university in Cincinnati , Ohio . Founded in 1819 as Cincinnati College , it is the oldest institution of higher education in Cincinnati and has an annual enrollment of over 44,000 students , making it the second largest university in Ohio . It is part of the University System of Ohio .'}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of Cincinnati ; board member of the NAACP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cincinnati,_Ohio', 'summary': "The mayor shall preside over all meetings of the Cincinnati City Council . The mayor may call a special meeting of the council , but ( s ) he may not have a vote in the council . ( S ) he has the power to propose legislation for debate among the council . The mayor shall appoint and may remove the vice-mayor and the chair of all committees of the council without the advice and consent of the council . The mayor of Cincinnati shall be recognized as the official head and representative of the city for all purposes , except as provided otherwise in the city charter of Cincinnati . ( S ) he may appoint a city manager upon an affirmative vote of five members of the city council following the mayor 's recommendation . The mayor shall deliver an annual address to the council and citizens of the city reporting on the state of the city and making recommendations for the establishment and achievement of future city goals . In time of public danger or emergency , the mayor , with the consent of the council , may take command of the police , maintain order and enforce the law ."}, {'url': '/wiki/NAACP', 'summary': 'The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) [ a ] is a civil rights organization in the United States , formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B . Du Bois , Mary White Ovington , Moorfield Storey and Ida B . Wells . Its mission in the 21st century is to ensure the political , educational , social , and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination . National NAACP initiatives include political lobbying , publicity efforts and litigation strategies developed by its legal team . The group enlarged its mission in the late 20th century by considering issues such as police misconduct , the status of black foreign refugees and questions of economic development . Its name , retained in accordance with tradition , uses the once common term colored people , referring to those with some African ancestry . The NAACP bestows annual awards to African Americans in two categories : Image Awards are for achievement in the arts and entertainment , and Spingarn Medals are for outstanding achievement of any kind . Its headquarters is in Baltimore , Maryland .'}]}, {'value': 'Byron Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Byron_Brown', 'summary': "Byron William Brown II ( born September 24 , 1958 ) is an American politician who is the 62nd and current mayor of Buffalo , New York , elected on November 8 , 2005 and is the City 's first African-American mayor . He previously served Western New York as a member of the New York State Senate and Buffalo Common Council . He was the first African-American politician elected to the New York State Senate to represent a district outside New York City and the first member of any minority race to represent a majority white New York State Senate district . Brown was born and raised in Queens , New York . He rose to elective office after serving in a variety of political roles . He began his political career performing as an aide to local representatives in several legislative bodies ( Buffalo Common Council , Erie County Legislature and New York State Assembly ) and later getting involved in a regional political organization . After several roles as a legislative aide , he was appointed to the Erie County cabinet-level Director of Equal Employment Opportunity post . As both a New York State Senator and Buffalo Mayor , he has been closely involved in the development of the three Seneca Nation casinos that have been planned and built in Western New York since 2002 . As someone born and raised downstate who went on to become an upstate political servant , he has been active on the statewide political front . He is a close political ally of New York Governor Andrew Cuomo . He has also been active with the National Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition in efforts to prevent gun-related crime . His plan to revitalize Buffalo by demolishing its abundant vacant buildings has drawn opposition from historic preservationists , but he has made the development of the Buffalo waterfront a priority ."}]}, {'value': 'Delta Epsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_at_Buffalo', 'summary': "The State University of New York at Buffalo ( University at Buffalo , UB , or SUNY Buffalo ) is a public research university with campuses in Buffalo and Amherst , New York . It is the flagship campus of the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , with the largest enrollment , largest endowment , and research funding as a comprehensive university center . The university was founded in 1846 as a private medical college , but in 1962 merged with the SUNY system . As of Fall 2018 , the university enrolls 31,508 students in 13 colleges , making it the largest public university in New York . In addition to the College of Arts and Sciences , the university houses the largest state-operated medical school , dental school , education school , business school , engineering school , pharmacy school , and also features the only state law school , architecture and urban planning school in the State University of New York System . The university offers over 100 bachelor 's , 205 master 's , 84 doctoral , and 10 professional areas of study . The University at Buffalo is classified as a Doctoral University with the Highest Research Activity ( R1 ) . In 1989 , UB was elected to the Association of American Universities . UB 's alumni and faculty have included a prime minister , astronauts , Nobel laureates , Pulitzer Prize winners , three billionaires , Academy Award winners , Emmy Award winners , Fulbright Scholars , and Rhodes Scholars . U.S. President Millard Fillmore was one of the school 's principal founders and served as the school 's first chancellor ."}]}, {'value': 'Senator of New York ; first Black Mayor of Buffalo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Buffalo,_New_York', 'summary': 'In 1853 , the charter of the city was amended to include the town of Black Rock and the city proper was divided into thirteen wards . In addition , the term of city offices , including mayor changed from a one year term to a two year term and was elected directly by the people .'}]}, {'value': 'Willie Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willie_Brown_(politician)', 'summary': "Willie Lewis Brown Jr. ( born March 20 , 1934 ) is an American politician of the Democratic Party . Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly , spending 15 years as its speaker . He later became mayor of San Francisco , and was the first African American to hold that office . The San Francisco Chronicle called Brown one of San Francisco 's most notable mayors , adding that he had celebrity beyond the city 's boundaries . Born in Mineola , Texas , Brown graduated from San Francisco State University in 1955 and earned a J.D . from the University of California , Hastings College of the Law in 1958 . He spent several years in private practice before being elected to the California Assembly in 1964 in his second attempt . Brown became the Democrats ' whip in 1969 , and then became speaker in 1980 . He was known for his ability to manage colleagues and maintain party discipline . According to The New York Times , Brown became one of the country 's most powerful state legislators . His long tenure and powerful position were used as a focal point of the California ballot proposition to limit the terms of state legislators , which passed in 1990 . During the last of his three allowed post-initiative terms , Brown maintained control of the Assembly despite a slim GOP majority by gaining the support of several Republicans ."}]}, {'value': 'Xi Rho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University', 'summary': "San Francisco State University ( commonly referred to as San Francisco State , SF State and SFSU ) is a public university in San Francisco . As part of the 23-campus California State University system , the university offers 118 different bachelor 's degrees , 94 master 's degrees , and 5 doctoral degrees along with 26 teaching credentials among six academic colleges . The university was founded in 1899 as a state-run normal school for training school teachers , obtaining state college status in 1921 and state university status in 1972 . The 141 acre campus is located in the southwest part of the city , less than two miles from the Pacific coast . San Francisco State has 12 varsity athletic teams which compete at the NCAA Division II level , most as members of the California Collegiate Athletic Association ."}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of San Francisco ; Speaker of the California State Assembly ; the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge is in part named in his honor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_San_Francisco', 'summary': "The mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government . The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws , and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors , the legislative branch . The Mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms . Because of San Francisco 's status as a consolidated city-county , the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county ; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856 . There have been 45 individuals sworn into office . John W. Geary , elected in 1850 , was the first mayor of the city . Charles James Brenham , who served as mayor during the 1850s , is the only person who has served two non-consecutive terms ( excluding serving as Acting Mayor ) . The current mayor is former District 5 Supervisor and President of the Board of Supervisors London Breed , who won a special election following the death of Mayor Ed Lee on December 12 , 2017 . Breed will serve out the remainder of Lee 's uncompleted term ( until January 8 , 2020 ) , after which she is eligible to run for two full terms of her own including the 2019 San Francisco mayoral election which she won ."}, {'url': '/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_California_State_Assembly', 'summary': 'The following is a list of Speakers of the California State Assembly . It does not number those individuals who served abbreviated terms or those who served during an extraordinary session called by the Governor of California for a narrowly-defined agenda .'}]}, {'value': 'David Dinkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Dinkins', 'summary': "David Norman Dinkins ( born July 10 , 1927 ) is an American politician , lawyer , and author who served as the 106th Mayor of New York City , from 1990 to 1993 . He was the first and , to date , the only African American to hold that office . Before entering politics , Dinkins was among the more than 20,000 Montford Point Marines , the first African-American U.S. Marines ( trained 1942-1949 ; Dinkins ' service was 1945-1946 ) ; he graduated cum laude from Howard University ; and he received his law degree from Brooklyn Law School ( 1956 ) . Dinkins began his political career by serving in the State Assembly ( 1966 ) , eventually advancing to Manhattan borough president before becoming mayor . Under the Dinkins administration , crime in New York City decreased more dramatically and more rapidly than at any time in previous New York City history . After leaving office , Dinkins joined the faculty of Columbia University . Dinkins was a member of the board of directors of the United States Tennis Association and a member of the Jazz Foundation of America . He serves on the boards of the New York City Global Partners , the Children 's Health Fund , the Association to Benefit Children and the Nelson Mandela Children 's Fund . Dinkins is also on the advisory board of Independent News & Media and the Black Leadership Forum , is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and is chairman emeritus of the board of directors of the National Black Leadership Commission on AIDS ."}]}, {'value': 'Beta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_University', 'summary': 'Howard University ( Howard or simply HU ) is a private , federally chartered historically black university ( HBCU ) in Washington , D.C . It is categorized among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity and accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . From its outset Howard has been nonsectarian and open to people of all sexes and races . It offers more than 120 areas leading to undergraduate , graduate , and professional degrees . U.S. News & World Report ranked Howard tied for 104th among national universities , and second among historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) for 2020 . Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 40 on the Bloomberg Businessweek business school rankings . The Princeton Review ranked the school of business first in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students . The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the most successful law firms .'}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of New York City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City', 'summary': "The mayor of New York City is head of the executive branch of the Government of New York City . The mayor 's office administers all city services , public property , police and fire protection , most public agencies , and enforces all city and state laws within New York City . The budget , overseen by New York City Mayor 's Office of Management and Budget , is the largest municipal budget in the United States at $ 92 billion a year . The city employs 325,000 people , spends about $ 21 billion to educate more than 1.1 million students ( the largest public school system in the United States ) and levies $ 27 billion in taxes . It receives $ 14 billion from the state and federal governments . The mayor 's office is located in New York City Hall ; it has jurisdiction over all five boroughs of New York City : Manhattan , Brooklyn , the Bronx , Staten Island and Queens . The mayor appoints numerous officials , including commissioners who head city departments , and his deputy mayors . The mayor 's regulations are compiled in title 43 of the New York City Rules . According to current law , the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms in office but may run again after a four-year break . It was changed from two to three terms on October 23 , 2008 , when the New York City Council voted 29-22 in favor of passing the term limit extension into law . However , in 2010 , a referendum reverting the limit to two terms passed overwhelmingly . The current mayor is Democrat Bill de Blasio , who was elected on November 5 , 2013 and reelected to a second term on November 7 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gow Fields', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gow_Fields', 'summary': 'Gow Fields is a politician and the former mayor of Lakeland , Florida ; he is the first African American to be elected to this office . Elected in 2009 , he completed his term in January 2014 . Together with service as a city commissioner , he had served more than 21 and half years on the commission . Fields was elected after a runoff election , succeeding mayor Buddy Fletcher . Fields served as a Lakeland City Commissioner since May 1992 . As mayor , Fields was involved in discussions about building high-speed rail connections between Orlando and Tampa . Fields was named as one of the defendants in a suit brought by atheists objecting to public prayer and city meetings . The suit was dismissed . During his tenure , Lakeland Airport began offering direct flights with Direct Air . Fields has also been involved in discussions over proposals to split off University of South Florida Polytechnic from the University of South Florida . Mayor Fields also served on the Florida League of Mayors Board of Directors , including a term as the board president from August 2012 to August 2013 . He is serving as the Advisor to the Florida Business Watch Board of Directors .'}]}, {'value': 'Mu Zeta Lambda', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of Lakeland , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lakeland,_Florida', 'summary': 'Lakeland is a city in Polk County , Florida , along Interstate 4 east of Tampa . The westernmost city in Polk County , it is part of the Tampa Bay Area . According to the 2018 U.S. Census Bureau estimate , the city had a population of 110,516 . Lakeland is a principal city of the Lakeland-Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area . Native Americans lived in the area from soon after the end of the last ice age until the end of the Second Seminole War . European-American settlers arrived in Lakeland from South Carolina in the 1870s . The city expanded in the 1880s with the arrival of rail service , with the first freedmen railway workers settling here in 1883 . They and European immigrants also came because of new jobs in the large phosphate industry that developed . Lakeland is home to the 1,267-acre Circle B Bar Reserve .'}]}, {'value': 'Maynard Jackson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maynard_Jackson', 'summary': 'Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. ( March 23 , 1938 - June 23 , 2003 ) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia . A member of the Democratic Party , he was elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first black mayor of Atlanta , Georgia and of any major city in the South . He served three terms ( 1974-1982 , 1990-1994 ) , making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta , after six-term mayor ( 1937-1941 , 1942-1962 ) William B. Hartsfield . He is notable also for public works projects , primarily the new Maynard H. Jackson International terminal at the Atlanta airport , and for greatly increasing minority business participation in the city . After his death , the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport was re-named Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor his service to the expansion of the airport , the city and its people .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Rho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morehouse_College', 'summary': "Morehouse College is a private , historically black men 's college located in Atlanta , Georgia . The college is one of the few remaining traditional men 's liberal arts colleges in the United States . [ a ] Founded in 1867 by William Jefferson White , an aggressive expansionary program undertaken by the college 's 6th President Benjamin Mays , established Morehouse as the largest liberal arts institution for men in the United States with an enrollment over 2,000 students . Along with Clark Atlanta University , Morehouse School of Medicine and nearby women 's college Spelman College , Morehouse is part of the Atlanta University Center . Morehouse is one of two historically black colleges in the country to produce Rhodes Scholars , and it is the alma mater of many African-American community and civil leaders , including Martin Luther King Jr ."}]}, {'value': "First Black and three-term Mayor of Atlanta ; Atlanta 's Hartsfield-Jackson Airport is in part named in his honor", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Atlanta', 'summary': "The Mayor is the highest elected official in Atlanta , Georgia . Since its incorporation in 1847 , the town has had 60 mayors . The current mayor is Keisha Lance Bottoms . This is a list of mayors of Atlanta in the state of Georgia in the United States . The term of office was one year until Cicero C. Hammock 's second term ( 1875-77 ) , when a new city charter changed it to two years . The term was changed to four years in 1929 , giving Isaac N. Ragsdale the modern stay in office . Though a political party is listed where known , the mayoral election is officially non-partisan , so candidates do not represent their party when elected . In recent history , the viable candidates in the race have primarily been Democrats ."}]}, {'value': 'Harvey Johnson , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvey_Johnson,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Harvey Johnson Jr. ( born December 21 , 1946 ) , is an American politician from Mississippi . He was elected in 1997 as the first African American Mayor of Jackson , Mississippi , serving two terms . He was known for his achievements in gaining reinvestment in the city to revitalize downtown . He ran again in 2009 and was elected . When he ran for what would have been his fourth term , he was defeated in the Democratic primary in July 2013 by challengers Chokwe Lumumba , who was elected as mayor , and Jonathan Lee .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Omicron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_University', 'summary': "Tennessee State University ( Tennessee State , Tenn State , or TSU ) is a public and historically black land-grant university in Nashville , Tennessee . Founded in 1912 , it is the largest and only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee . It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelors degrees , 23 master 's degrees , and eight doctoral degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of Jackson , Mississippi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Jackson,_Mississippi', 'summary': 'The post of Mayor of Jackson , Mississippi , was begun in 1834 and was originally referred to as President of Selectmen before being changed to Mayor . The following individuals have held the office : .'}]}, {'value': 'Kwame Kilpatrick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kwame_Kilpatrick', 'summary': 'Kwame Malik Kilpatrick ( born June 8 , 1970 ) is an American former politician , having served as a Democratic Michigan state representative and mayor of Detroit from 2002 to 2008 . Kilpatrick resigned as mayor in September 2008 after being convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice . He was sentenced to four months in jail and was released on probation after serving 99 days . On May 25 , 2010 , Kilpatrick was sentenced to eighteen months to five years in state prison for violating his probation , and served time at the Oaks Correctional Facility in northwest Michigan . On March 11 , 2013 , he was convicted on 24 federal felony counts , including mail fraud , wire fraud , and racketeering . On October 10 , 2013 , Kilpatrick was sentenced to 28 years in federal prison .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Nu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_A&M_University', 'summary': "Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University ( FAMU ) is a public , historically black university in Tallahassee , Florida . Founded in 1887 , it is located on the highest geographic hill in Tallahassee . It is the 5th largest historically black university in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida . It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida , as well as one of the state 's land grant universities , and is accredited to award baccalaureate , master 's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The 2020 edition of the U.S. News & World Report college rankings placed the university in Tier 1 among national universities ( 254th ) , 7th among all HBCUs and 2nd among all public HBCUs . The university is classified as an R2 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes higher research activity . For 2017 , the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A & M University 216th nationally and 2nd among HBCU for total research and development expenditures . FAMU sports teams are known as the Rattlers , and compete in Division I of the NCAA . They are a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mayor of Detroit who resigned after pleading guilty to felony charges stemming from a text message scandal ; convicted of federal charges including racketeering and extortion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Detroit,_Michigan', 'summary': 'This is a list of mayors of Detroit , Michigan . See History of Detroit , Michigan , for more information about the history of the incorporation of the city . The current mayor is Mike Duggan , who was sworn into office on January 1 , 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kilpatrick-Beatty_criminal_trial', 'summary': 'On March 24 , 2008 , Wayne County , Michigan Prosecutor Kym Worthy announced a 12-count criminal indictment against Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and his former Chief of Staff and paramour Christine Beatty . Kilpatrick was charged with eight felonies and Beatty with seven . Charges for both included perjury , misconduct in office and obstruction of justice . Worthy also suggested that others in the Kilpatrick administration could also be charged . On December 1 , 2008 , Beatty admitted lying under oath and was sentenced to 120 days in jail . She began serving the sentence on January 5 , 2009 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kilpatrick_and_Beatty_text-messaging_scandal', 'summary': 'The Kilpatrick and Beatty text-messaging scandal was a political-sex scandal emerging from a whistle blower lawsuit involving former Detroit Police Chief Gary Brown , Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and his former Chief of Staff and paramour Christine Beatty .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act', 'summary': "The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ( RICO ) Act is a United States federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization . The RICO Act focuses specifically on racketeering and allows the leaders of a syndicate to be tried for the crimes they ordered others to do or assisted them in doing , closing a perceived loophole that allowed a person who instructed someone else to , for example , murder , to be exempt from the trial because they did not actually commit the crime personally . RICO was enacted by section 901 ( a ) of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 ( Pub.L . 91-452 , 84 Stat . 922 , enacted October 15 , 1970 ) and is codified at 18 U.S.C . ch . 96 as 18 U.S.C . §§ 1961-1968 . G. Robert Blakey , an adviser to the United States Senate Government Operations Committee , drafted the law under the close supervision of the committee 's chairman , Senator John Little McClellan . It was enacted as Title IX of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 , and signed into law by Richard M. Nixon . While its original use in the 1970s was to prosecute the Mafia as well as others who were actively engaged in organized crime , its later application has been more widespread . Beginning in 1972 , 33 states adopted state RICO laws to be able to prosecute similar conduct ."}]}, {'value': 'Rudolph McCollum Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudolph_McCollum_Jr.', 'summary': 'Rudolph Clyde McCollum Jr. ( born November 28 , 1955 ) is an American lawyer who served as the mayor of Richmond , Virginia from 2001 to 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mayor of Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Richmond,_Virginia', 'summary': "The Mayor of Richmond is the chief executive of the government of Richmond , Virginia , as stipulated by the city 's charter . This list includes mayors who were appointed by the Richmond City Council as well as those who were elected by popular vote . The current Mayor of Richmond , ( and 80th in the sequence of regular mayors ) , is Democrat Levar Stoney who succeeded Dwight C. Jones , a Baptist pastor and former member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 2016 . Jones was first elected in 2008 , he won a second term in November 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'James McGee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_H._McGee', 'summary': 'James Howell Jim McGee ( November 8 , 1918 - March 4 , 2006 ) was an American politician of the Ohio Democratic party . He served as the first black mayor of Dayton , Ohio . He was also the citys longest-tenured mayor to date . McGee was born in Berryberg , West Virginia and was raised in Steubenville , Ohio . He graduated from Wilberforce University in 1937 . After serving in the United States Army , he received a law degree from Ohio State University in 1948 . He moved to Dayton to practice law and worked with the NAACP in civil rights cases . He filed one of the first segregation cases after the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision . In 1959 , he became the 23rd president of the local NAACP chapter . McGee entered politics as an assistant to Rep. Rodney M. Love of Ohio working on the War on Poverty ] ] . in 1967 , Dayton City Commissioner Don Crawford resigned to become the Dayton City Clerk and McGee was selected to fill his term . McGee won re-election to the seat in 1969 .'}]}, {'value': 'Xi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilberforce_University', 'summary': "Wilberforce University is a private historically black university in Wilberforce , Ohio . Affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church ( AME ) , it was the first college to be owned and operated by African Americans . It participates in the United Negro College Fund . Central State University , also in Wilberforce , Ohio began as a department of Wilberforce University where Ohio state legislators could sponsor scholarship students . The college was founded in 1856 by a unique collaboration between the Cincinnati , Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the African Methodist Episcopal Church ( AME ) to provide classical education and teacher training for black youth . The first board members were leaders both black and white . However , during the American Civil War ( 1861-65 ) , the student population declined and financial losses closed the college in 1863 . The AME Church purchased the institution to ensure its survival . AME Bishop Daniel Payne was one of the university 's original founders and became the first president after re-opening , the first African American to become a college president in the United States . Prominent white supporters and the US government donated funds for rebuilding after an arson fire in 1865 . The college attracted the top professors of the day , including W. E. B . Du Bois ."}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of Dayton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Dayton,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Since its creation as a town in the 18th century , the Politics of Dayton , Ohio have adapted to and reflected the changing needs of the community , from the Miami and Erie Canal through the World War II Dayton Project to the present day .'}]}, {'value': 'Wayne M. Messam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_M._Messam', 'summary': 'Wayne Martin Messam ( born June 7 , 1974 ) is an American former football player , businessman , and politician serving as the mayor of Miramar , Florida , a position he has held since 2015 . A member of the Democratic Party , he was first elected to the Miramar City Commission in 2011 before defeating incumbent mayor Lori Cohen Moseley in the 2015 election . Messam is also a general contractor and owner of a construction firm . Messam ran for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election . He officially launched his campaign on March 28 , 2019 . He suspended his presidential campaign on November 20 , 2019 , having failed to qualify for any of the Democratic debates .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota Delta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_University', 'summary': "Florida State University ( Florida State or FSU ) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university in Tallahassee , Florida . It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1851 , it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 10 billion . Florida State is home to Florida 's only national laboratory , the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol . Florida State University also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art , the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 18th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FSU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . In their 113-year history , Florida State 's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships ."}]}, {'value': 'First Black Mayor of Miramar , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miramar,_Florida', 'summary': 'Miramar is a city in Broward County , Florida , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 122,041 . It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area , which is home to over 6 million people .'}]}, {'value': 'Marc Morial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marc_Morial', 'summary': 'Marc Haydel Morial /ˌmɔːriˈæl/ ( born January 3 , 1958 ) is an American political and civic leader and the current president of the National Urban League . Morial served as mayor of New Orleans , from 1994 to 2002 . He is married to Michelle Miller , who has won awards as a CBS News Correspondent .'}]}, {'value': 'Psi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "The University of Pennsylvania ( Penn or UPenn ) is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The University claims a founding date of 1740 [ note 2 ] and is one of the nine colonial colleges founded prior to the U.S . Declaration of Independence . Benjamin Franklin , Penn 's founder and first president , advocated an educational program that trained leaders in commerce , government , and public service , similar to a modern liberal arts curriculum . Penn has four undergraduate schools as well as twelve graduate and professional schools . Among its graduate and professional schools are the first school of medicine in North America ( Perelman School of Medicine , 1765 ) , the first collegiate business school ( Wharton School , 1881 ) , and the first student union building and organization ( Houston Hall , 1896 ) . In 2019 , the university had an endowment of $ 14.65 billion , the seventh largest endowment of all colleges in the United States , as well as a research budget of $ 1.02 billion . The university 's athletics program , the Quakers , fields varsity teams in 33 sports as a member of the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference . As of 2018 , distinguished alumni include 14 heads of state , 64 billionaires , 3 U.S. Supreme Court justices , 33 U.S . Senators , 44 U.S. Governors , 159 members of the U.S. House of Representatives , 8 signers of the U.S . Declaration of Independence , 12 signers of the U.S. Constitution , 24 members of the Continental Congress , and the current U.S. President , Donald Trump . Other notable alumni include 29 Rhodes Scholars , 15 Marshall Scholars , 16 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 48 Fulbright Scholars ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana State Legislature ; Mayor of New Orleans ; 8th CEO of the National Urban League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_State_Legislature', 'summary': "The Louisiana State Legislature ( French : Législature d'État de Louisiane ) is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana . It is a bicameral body , comprising the lower house , the Louisiana House of Representatives with 105 representatives , and the upper house , the Louisiana Senate with 39 senators . Members of each house are elected from single-member districts of roughly equal populations . The State Legislature meets in the Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge ."}, {'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_Orleans', 'summary': 'The post of Mayor of the City of New Orleans ( French : Maire de La Nouvelle-Orléans ) has been held by the following individuals since New Orleans came under American administration following the Louisiana Purchase - the acquisition by the U.S. of 828,800 square miles ( 2,147,000 km2 ) of the French province La Louisiane in 1803 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Urban_League', 'summary': 'The National Urban League , formerly known as the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes , is a nonpartisan historic civil rights organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of economic and social justice for African Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States . It is the oldest and largest community-based organization of its kind in the nation . Its current President is Marc Morial .'}]}, {'value': 'Ernest Nathan Morial', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernest_Nathan_Morial', 'summary': 'Ernest Nathan Morial , known as Dutch Morial ( October 9 , 1929 - December 24 , 1989 ) , was an American political figure and a leading civil rights advocate . He was the first African-American mayor of New Orleans , serving from 1978 to 1986 . He was the father of Marc Morial , who subsequently served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1994 to 2002 . Morial , a New Orleans native , grew up in the Seventh Ward . His father was Walter Etienne Morial , a cigarmaker , and his mother was Leonie V. ( Moore ) Morial , a seamstress . He attended Holy Redeemer Elementary School and McDonogh No . 35 Senior High School . He graduated from Xavier University of Louisiana in New Orleans , Louisiana in 1951 . In 1954 , he became the first African American to receive a law degree from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge . Morial came to prominence as a lawyer fighting to dismantle segregation and as president of the local from 1962 to 1965 . He followed in the cautious style of his mentor A.P . Tureaud in preferring to fight for Civil and political rights in courtroom battles , rather than through sit-ins and demonstrations .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Tau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xavier_University_of_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Xavier University of Louisiana ( XULA ) , located in the Gert Town section of New Orleans , Louisiana , in the United States , is a private , coeducational , liberal arts college with the distinction of being the only historically black Roman Catholic institution of higher education in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Louisiana State Legislature ; first Black Mayor of New Orleans ; namesake of the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center in New Orleans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana', 'summary': "New Orleans ( /ˈɔːrl ( i ) ənz , ɔːrˈliːnz/ , locally /ˈɔːrlənz/ ; French : La Nouvelle-Orléans [ la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana . With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018 , it is the most populous city in Louisiana . Serving as a major port , New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States . New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music , Creole cuisine , unique dialect , and its annual celebrations and festivals , most notably Mardi Gras . The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter , known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street . The city has been described as the most unique in the United States , owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage . Founded in 1718 by French colonists , New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States , and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II . The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding , due to such factors as high rainfall , low lying elevation , poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water . State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city . New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , which resulted in flooding more than 80% of the city , thousands of deaths , and so much displacement because of damaged communities and lost housing as to cause a population decline of over 50% . Since Katrina , major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city 's population ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ernest_N._Morial_Convention_Center', 'summary': 'The Ernest N. Morial Convention Center is in New Orleans , Louisiana , United States . The lower end of building one is located 1,640 feet ( 500 m ) upriver from Canal Street on the banks of the Mississippi River . It is named after former Mayor of New Orleans Ernest Nathan Morial . As of 2006 , it has about 1.1 million square feet ( 102,000 m² ) of exhibit space , covering almost 11 blocks , and over 3 million square feet ( 280,000 m² ) of total space . The front of the main building is 1 kilometer long .'}]}, {'value': 'Norm Rice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norm_Rice', 'summary': "Norman Blann Rice ( born May 4 , 1943 ) is an American politician who served as the 49th mayor of Seattle , Washington , serving two terms from 1990 to 1997 . Rice was Seattle 's first and to date only elected African-American mayor ( Bruce Harrell assumed the post of acting mayor on September 13 , 2017 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Zeta Pi Lambda', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First and only African-American Mayor of Seattle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Seattle', 'summary': "The Mayor of Seattle is the head of the executive branch of the city government of Seattle , Washington . The mayor is authorized by the city charter to enforce laws enacted by the Seattle City Council , as well as direct subordinate officers in city departments . The mayor serves a four-year term , without term limits , and is chosen in citywide , two-round elections between nonpartisan candidates . Since the appointment of Henry A. Atkins in 1869 , 56 individuals have held the office of mayor . The city elected Bertha Knight Landes , the first female mayor of a major U.S. city , in 1926 . Several mayors have served non-consecutive terms , while others have resigned or faced recall elections . Charles Royer holds the record for longest mayoral tenure in the city 's history , serving three full terms from 1978 to 1990 . Jenny Durkan took office as mayor on November 28 , 2017 , becoming the second female mayor and first lesbian mayor of Seattle ."}]}, {'value': 'Eugene Sawyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugene_Sawyer', 'summary': 'Eugene Sawyer Jr. ( September 3 , 1934 - January 19 , 2008 ) was an American businessman , educator , and politician . Sawyer was selected as the 53rd Mayor of Chicago , Illinois after the sudden death of then-mayor Harold Washington , serving from December 2 , 1987 until April 24 , 1989 . Sawyer was the second African-American to serve as mayor of Chicago . Sawyer was a member of the Democratic Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Upsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama_State_University', 'summary': 'Alabama State University ( ASU ) is a public historically black university in Montgomery , Alabama . Founded in 1867 , ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund .'}]}, {'value': 'Mayor of Chicago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Chicago', 'summary': "The Mayor of Chicago is the chief executive of city government in Chicago , Illinois , the third-largest city in the United States . The mayor is responsible for the administration and management of various city departments , submits proposals and recommendations to the Chicago City Council , is active in the enforcement of the city 's ordinances , submits the city 's annual budget and appoints city officers , department commissioners or directors , and members of city boards and commissions . During sessions of the city council , the mayor serves as the presiding officer . The mayor is not allowed to vote on issues except in certain instances , most notably where the vote taken on a matter before the body results in a tie . The office of mayor was created when Chicago became a city in 1837 ."}]}, {'value': 'AC Wharton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AC_Wharton', 'summary': 'A C Wharton Jr. ( born August 17 , 1944 ) is an American educator , politician , and attorney who served as the 63rd mayor of Memphis , Tennessee and previously mayor of Shelby County . He is the first African American to serve as Mayor of Shelby County .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Omicron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_State_University', 'summary': "Tennessee State University ( Tennessee State , Tenn State , or TSU ) is a public and historically black land-grant university in Nashville , Tennessee . Founded in 1912 , it is the largest and only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee . It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelors degrees , 23 master 's degrees , and eight doctoral degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Mayor of Memphis , Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Memphis,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'This is a list of mayors of Memphis , Tennessee .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Alpha_Phi_Alpha_brothers_12', 'intro': "The list of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers (commonly referred to as Alphas) includes initiated and honorary members of Alpha Phi Alpha (ΑΦΑ), the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students. Founded in December 1905 as a literary society with the first presiding officer being CC Poindexter, it was established as a fraternity on December 4, 1906 at Ithaca, New York. Alpha Phi Alpha opened chapters at other colleges, universities, and cities, and named them with Greek letters. Members traditionally pledge into a chapter, although some members were granted honorary status prior to the fraternity's discontinuation of the practice of granting honorary membership. A chapter name ending in Lambda denotes an alumni chapter. The only alumni chapter that does not end in Lambda is Rho Chapter, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. No chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha is designated Omega, the last letter of the Greek alphabet that traditionally signifies the end. Deceased brothers are respectfully referred to as having their membership transferred to Omega Chapter, the fraternity's chapter of sweet rest. Frederick Douglass is distinguished as the only member initiated posthumously when he became an exalted honorary member of Omega chapter in 1921."}
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The person that served as the mayor of Chicago served for how many years ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of bus transit systems in the United States', 'header': ['System', 'Locale', 'Major city ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': 'BurLink', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burlington County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Burlington County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey . The county is the largest in New Jersey by area . Its county seat is Mount Holly . As of the 2018 Census Bureau estimate , the county 's population was 445,384 , making it the 11th-largest of the state 's 21 counties , representing a 0.4% decrease from the 2010 United States Census , when the population was enumerated at 448,734 , in turn an increase of 25,340 ( 6.0% ) from the 423,394 enumerated in the 2000 Census . The most-populous place was Evesham Township , with 45,538 residents at the time of the 2010 Census , while Washington Township covered 102.71 square miles ( 266.0 km2 ) , the largest area of any municipality in Burlington County . Burlington County is part of the Delaware Valley area , located east of the Delaware River . However , the county stretches across the state , and its southeast corner reaches tidal estuaries leading to southern New Jersey 's Great Bay , which separates the county from the Atlantic Ocean ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colonial Coach of Morristown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morris County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Morris County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey , about 30 mi ( 48 km ) west of New York City . According to the 2010 census , the population was 492,276 , up from the 470,212 at the 2000 Census , As of the 2017 Census estimate , the county 's population was 499,693 , making it the state 's 10th-most populous county , and marking a 1.5% increase from 2010 . The county is part of the New York Metropolitan Area and is divided into 39 municipalities , but has no large cities . Its county seat is Morristown . The most populous place was Parsippany-Troy Hills Township , with 53,238 residents at the time of the 2010 Census , while Rockaway Township covered 45.55 square miles ( 118.0 km2 ) , the largest total area of any municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Morristown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morristown,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Morristown /ˈmɒrɪstaʊn/ is a town and the county seat of Morris County , New Jersey , United States . Morristown has been called the military capital of the American Revolution because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain . Today this history is visible in a variety of locations throughout the town that collectively make up Morristown National Historical Park . According to British colonial records , the first permanent European settlement at Morristown occurred in 1715 , when a settlement was founded as New Hanover by colonists from New York and Connecticut . Morris County was created on March 15 , 1739 , from portions of Hunterdon County . The county , and ultimately Morristown itself , was named for the popular Governor of the Province , Lewis Morris , who championed land ownership rights for colonists . Morristown was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6 , 1865 , within Morris Township , and it was formally set off from the township in 1895 . As of the 2010 United States Census , the town 's population was 18,411 , reflecting a decline of 133 ( -0.7% ) from the 18,544 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 2,355 ( +14.5% ) from the 16,189 counted in the 1990 Census ."}]}, {'value': 'Kearny Commuter Shuttle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hudson County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hudson_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Hudson County , a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey , lies west of the lower Hudson River , which was named for Henry Hudson , the sea captain who explored the area in 1609 . Part of New Jersey 's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area , Jersey City is its largest city and county seat . As of the 2018 Census estimate , Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010 ; the county 's population was 676,061 , making it the state 's 4th-most populous county , an increase of 9.0% from the 2010 United States Census , when its population was enumerated at 634,266 , in turn an increase of 25,291 ( +4.2% ) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census . Hudson County is the fourth-most populous county in the state . Hudson County is the geographically smallest and most densely populated county in New Jersey and the sixth-most densely populated county in the United States with 13,731.4 residents per square mile of total area in 2010 , and 14,973.9 per square mile in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kearny and Harrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kearny,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Kearny ( /ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee ) is a town in the western part of Hudson County , New Jersey , United States and a suburb of Newark . As of the 2010 United States Census , the town 's population was 40,684 , reflecting an increase of 171 ( +0.4% ) from the 40,513 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 5,639 ( +16.2% ) from the 34,874 counted in the 1990 Census . Kearny is named after Civil War general Philip Kearny . It began as a township formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8 , 1867 , from portions of Harrison Township . Portions of the township were taken on July 3 , 1895 , to form East Newark . Kearny was incorporated as a town on January 19 , 1899 , based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier . The Arlington section of town was named for Arlington Station on the Erie Railroad at the Arlington Mill plant , owned by Arlington Mills of Lawrence , Massachusetts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Harrison,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Harrison is a town in the western part of Hudson County , New Jersey , United States . It is a suburb of the nearby city of Newark , New Jersey . As of the 2010 United States Census , Harrison 's population was 13,620 , reflecting a decline of 804 ( −5.6% ) from the 14,424 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 999 ( +7.4% ) from the 13,425 counted in the 1990 Census . Once considered the beehive of industry , the town is undergoing a residential renewal , particularly along the Passaic River ."}]}, {'value': 'The Link/Flemington Shuffle Service', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunterdon County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunterdon_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Hunterdon County is a county located in the western section of the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 124,714 , making it the state 's 18th-most populous county , representing a 2.6% decrease from the 128,349 enumerated in the 2010 United States Census , in turn increasing by 6,360 ( +5.2% ) from the 121,989 counted in the 2000 Census . Its county seat is Flemington . In 2015 , the county had a per capita personal income of $ 80,759 , the third-highest in New Jersey and ranked 33rd of 3,113 counties in the United States . The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 19th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States ( and the highest in New Jersey ) as of 2009 . Hunterdon County is noted for having the second-lowest level of child poverty of any county in the United States . Geographically , much of the county lies in the Delaware Valley as a geographic concept , that is , the drainage basin of the Delaware River . Local businesses and the Delaware Valley Regional High School carry the name . However , Delaware Valley is also used to refer to the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , and Hunterdon County does not belong to the Philadelphia CSA , but rather to the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) , part of the larger New York-Newark Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) . It is located within the state 's Skylands Region . Hunterdon County was established on March 11 , 1714 , separating from Burlington County , at which time it included all of present-day Morris , Sussex and Warren counties . The rolling hills and rich soils which produce bountiful agricultural crops drew Native American tribes and then Europeans to the area ."}]}, {'value': 'Flemington and Raritan Township', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flemington,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Flemington is a borough in Hunterdon County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 4,581 , reflecting an increase of 381 ( +9.1% ) from the 4,200 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 153 ( +3.8% ) from the 4,047 counted in the 1990 Census . It is the county seat of Hunterdon County . Most of the borough is in the Amwell Valley ( a low-lying area of the Newark Basin ) , but northwest portions of the borough sit on the Hunterdon Plateau . Flemington is an independent municipality completely surrounded by Raritan Township and is located near the geographic center of the township ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Raritan_Township,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Raritan Township is a township in Hunterdon County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 22,185 , reflecting an increase of 2,376 ( +12.0% ) from the 19,809 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 4,193 ( +26.9% ) from the 15,616 counted in the 1990 Census . The southeast part of the township is in the Amwell Valley , while the northwestern part is on the Hunterdon Plateau . Raritan was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 2 , 1838 , from portions of the now-defunct Amwell Township . Flemington was formed within the township on March 14 , 1870 , and became an independent borough on April 7 , 1910 . Portions of the township were ceded to East Amwell Township in 1854 and 1897 . The township 's name is derived from the Raritan tribe , a Native American band of Lenape people . The name of the tribe is said to mean forked river , stream overflows or point on a tidal river ."}]}, {'value': 'Middlesex County Area Transit ( MCAT )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middlesex County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Middlesex County is a county located in north-central New Jersey , United States . In 2018 , the Census Bureau estimated the county 's population at 829,685 , making it the state 's second-most populous county , an increase of 4.1% from 809,858 in the 2010 census . Middlesex is part of the New York metropolitan area , and its county seat is New Brunswick . The center of population of the state of New Jersey is located in Middlesex County , in East Brunswick Township , just east of the New Jersey Turnpike . The 2000 Census showed that the county ranked 63rd in the United States among the wealthiest counties by median household income . The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 143rd-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States ( and the 10th-highest in New Jersey ) as of 2009 . Middlesex County holds the nickname , The Greatest County in the Land . The county was primarily settled due to its ideal location near the Raritan River and was established as of March 7 , 1683 , as part of the Province of East Jersey and was partitioned as of October 31 , 1693 , into the townships of Piscataway , Perth Amboy , and Woodbridge . Somerset County was established on May 14 , 1688 , from portions of Middlesex County . The county 's first court met in June 1683 in Piscataway , and held session at alternating sites over the next century in Perth Amboy , Piscataway , and Woodbridge before relocating permanently to New Brunswick in 1778 . Middlesex County hosts an extensive park system totaling more than 6,300 acres ( 2,500 ha ) ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey_Transit_Bus_Operations', 'summary': 'NJ Transit Bus Operations is the bus division of NJ Transit , providing bus service throughout New Jersey along with service along one light rail line , with many routes going to New York City and Philadelphia .'}]}, {'value': 'New Jersey ( statewide ) with service to Manhattan and Philadelphia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Jersey', 'summary': "New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Manhattan', 'summary': "Manhattan ( /mænˈhætən , mən-/ ) , often referred to by residents of the New York City area as the City , is the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City , and coextensive with the County of New York , one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York . Manhattan serves as the city 's economic and administrative center , cultural identifier , and historical birthplace . The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island , bounded by the Hudson , East , and Harlem rivers ; as well as several small adjacent islands . Manhattan additionally contains Marble Hill , a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland , that was connected using landfill to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River . Manhattan Island is divided into three informally bounded components , each aligned with the borough 's long axis : Lower , Midtown , and Upper Manhattan . Manhattan has been described as the cultural , financial , media , and entertainment capital of the world , and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and Manhattan is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization : the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Many multinational media conglomerates are based in Manhattan , and the borough has been the setting for numerous books , films , and television shows . Manhattan real estate has since become among the most expensive in the world , with the value of Manhattan Island , including real estate , estimated to exceed US $ 3 trillion in 2013 ; median residential property sale prices in Manhattan approximated US $ 1,600 per square foot ( $ 17,000/m2 ) as of 2018 , with Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan commanding the highest retail rents in the world , at US $ 3,000 per square foot ( $ 32,000/m2 ) per year in 2017 . Manhattan traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan ; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626 . Manhattan is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders , which equals roughly $ 1059 in current terms . The territory and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother , the Duke of York ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia', 'summary': "Philadelphia , known colloquially as Philly , is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138 . Since 1854 , the city has had the same geographic boundaries as Philadelphia County , the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area , with over 6 million residents as of 2017 [ update ] . Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley , located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers , within the Northeast megalopolis . The Delaware Valley 's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States . Philadelphia is one of the oldest municipalities in the United States . William Penn , an English Quaker , founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony . Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States , who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 at the Second Continental Congress , and the Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 . Several other key events occurred in Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War including the First Continental Congress , the preservation of the Liberty Bell , the Battle of Germantown , and the Siege of Fort Mifflin . Philadelphia remained the nation 's largest city until being overtaken by New York City in 1790 ; the city was also one of the nation 's capitals during the revolution , serving as temporary U.S. capital while Washington , D.C. was under construction . In the 19th century , Philadelphia became a major industrial center and a railroad hub . The city grew from an influx of European immigrants , most of whom came from Ireland , Italy and Germany - the three largest reported ancestry groups in the city as of 2015 [ update ] . In the early 20th century , Philadelphia became a prime destination for African Americans during the Great Migration after the Civil War , as well as Puerto Ricans ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parsippany Free Transit System', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morris County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morris_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Morris County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey , about 30 mi ( 48 km ) west of New York City . According to the 2010 census , the population was 492,276 , up from the 470,212 at the 2000 Census , As of the 2017 Census estimate , the county 's population was 499,693 , making it the state 's 10th-most populous county , and marking a 1.5% increase from 2010 . The county is part of the New York Metropolitan Area and is divided into 39 municipalities , but has no large cities . Its county seat is Morristown . The most populous place was Parsippany-Troy Hills Township , with 53,238 residents at the time of the 2010 Census , while Rockaway Township covered 45.55 square miles ( 118.0 km2 ) , the largest total area of any municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Parsippany , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parsippany,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Parsippany-Troy Hills Township , commonly called simply Parsippany ( /pɑːrˈsɪpəni/ ) , is a township in Morris County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 53,238 , reflecting an increase of 2,589 ( +5.1% ) from the 50,649 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 2,171 ( +4.5% ) from the 48,478 counted in the 1990 Census . The name Parsippany comes from the Lenape Native American sub-tribe , which comes from the word parsipanong , which means the place where the river winds through the valley . Parsippany-Troy Hills is the most populous municipality in Morris County . The name Troy Hills was changed from Troy , to avoid confusion of mail being sent erroneously to Troy , New York . Parsippany-Troy Hills was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 12 , 1928 , from portions of Hanover Township , based on the results of a referendum held on May 9 , 1928 , that split off both East Hanover Township and Parsippany-Troy Hills from Hanover Township . Since 2006 . Parsippany-Troy Hills has been consistently recognized by Money magazine as one of the Best Places to Live in the United States . That year Parsippany was ranked 17th on the list , the highest-ranked location in New Jersey . In 2008 , it moved up to 13th position . Parsippany returned to Money magazine 's Best Places list in 2012 , in the 15th position , and again in 2014 , where it ranked 16th with Money citing its Arts and leisure . Parsippany 's ranking improved to the 5th-ranked position on the Best Places list in 2016 , but in 2017 dropped to 33rd ."}]}, {'value': 'Princeton Free B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercer County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Mercer County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Its county seat is Trenton , the state capital . The county constitutes the Trenton-Ewing , NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area and is considered part of the New York Metropolitan Area by the United States Census Bureau , but also directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is included within the Federal Communications Commission 's Philadelphia Designated Market Area . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 369,811 , making it the state 's 12th-most populous county , an increase of 2.2% from the 2010 United States Census , when its population was enumerated at 366,513 , in turn an increase of 15,752 ( 4.5% ) from the 350,761 enumerated in the 2000 Census , retaining its position as the 12th-most populous county in the state . The county was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22 , 1838 , from portions of Burlington County ( including Nottingham Township ) , Hunterdon County ( including Ewing Township , Lawrence Township , Trenton City and portions of Hopewell Township ) , and Middlesex County ( including West Windsor Township and portions of East Windsor Township ) . The former Keith Line bisects the county and is the boundary between municipalities that previously had been separated into West Jersey and East Jersey . It was named for Continental Army General Hugh Mercer , who died as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Princeton on January 3 , 1777 . The Mercer Oak , against which the dying general rested as his men continued to fight , appears on the county seal and stood for 250 years until it collapsed in 2000 . Mercer County is home to Princeton University , Princeton Theological Seminary , the Institute for Advanced Study , Rider University , The College of New Jersey , Thomas Edison State University and Mercer County Community College . Trenton-Mercer Airport , in Ewing Township , is a commercial and corporate aviation airport serving Mercer County and its surrounding vicinity . The official residence of the governor of New Jersey , known as Drumthwacket , is located in Princeton , and is listed on both the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'Princeton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County , New Jersey , United States , that was established in its current form on January 1 , 2013 , through the consolidation of the now-defunct Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township . As of the 2010 United States Census , the municipality 's population was 28,572 , reflecting the former township 's population of 16,265 , along with the 12,307 in the former borough . Princeton was founded before the American Revolutionary War . It is the home of Princeton University , which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from its previous location in Newark . Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town , other important institutions in the area include the Institute for Advanced Study , Westminster Choir College , Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory , Princeton Theological Seminary , Opinion Research Corporation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Siemens Corporate Research , SRI International , FMC Corporation , The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation , Amrep , Church and Dwight , Berlitz International , and Dow Jones & Company . Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia . It is close to many major highways that serve both cities ( e.g . Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1 ) , and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each . It is also close to Trenton , New Jersey 's capital city , and Edison . The New Jersey governor 's official residence has been in Princeton since 1945 , when Morven in what was then Princeton Borough became the first Governor 's mansion . It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket , a colonial mansion located in the former Township . Morven became a museum property of the New Jersey Historical Society ."}]}, {'value': 'Princeton Junction Shuttle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercer County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Mercer County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Its county seat is Trenton , the state capital . The county constitutes the Trenton-Ewing , NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area and is considered part of the New York Metropolitan Area by the United States Census Bureau , but also directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is included within the Federal Communications Commission 's Philadelphia Designated Market Area . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 369,811 , making it the state 's 12th-most populous county , an increase of 2.2% from the 2010 United States Census , when its population was enumerated at 366,513 , in turn an increase of 15,752 ( 4.5% ) from the 350,761 enumerated in the 2000 Census , retaining its position as the 12th-most populous county in the state . The county was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22 , 1838 , from portions of Burlington County ( including Nottingham Township ) , Hunterdon County ( including Ewing Township , Lawrence Township , Trenton City and portions of Hopewell Township ) , and Middlesex County ( including West Windsor Township and portions of East Windsor Township ) . The former Keith Line bisects the county and is the boundary between municipalities that previously had been separated into West Jersey and East Jersey . It was named for Continental Army General Hugh Mercer , who died as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Princeton on January 3 , 1777 . The Mercer Oak , against which the dying general rested as his men continued to fight , appears on the county seal and stood for 250 years until it collapsed in 2000 . Mercer County is home to Princeton University , Princeton Theological Seminary , the Institute for Advanced Study , Rider University , The College of New Jersey , Thomas Edison State University and Mercer County Community College . Trenton-Mercer Airport , in Ewing Township , is a commercial and corporate aviation airport serving Mercer County and its surrounding vicinity . The official residence of the governor of New Jersey , known as Drumthwacket , is located in Princeton , and is listed on both the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'East Windsor Township and Hightstown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Windsor_Township,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "East Windsor Township is a township in Mercer County , New Jersey , United States . The township is part of the New York Metropolitan area as defined by the United States Census Bureau , but directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is part of the Federal Communications Commission 's Philadelphia Designated Market Area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 27,190 , reflecting an increase of 2,271 ( +9.1% ) from the 24,919 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 2,566 ( +11.5% ) from the 22,353 counted in the 1990 Census . Both East Windsor Township and West Windsor Township were formed when Windsor Township was split on February 9 , 1797 , while the area was still part of Middlesex County . It was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21 , 1798 , as one of New Jersey 's initial group of 104 townships . Portions of the township were taken to form Hightstown borough ( March 5 , 1853 , within East Windsor ; became independent c. 1894 ) and Washington Township ( March 11 , 1860 , and known as Robbinsville Township since 2007 ) . The township was named for Windsor Township , which was named for Windsor , England ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hightstown,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Hightstown is a borough in Mercer County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the borough 's population was 5,494 , reflecting an increase of 278 ( +5.3% ) from the 5,216 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 90 ( +1.8% ) from the 5,126 counted in the 1990 Census . Hightstown was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 5 , 1853 , within portions of East Windsor Township . The borough became fully independent c. 1894 . Additional portions of East Windsor Township were annexed in 1913 , 1915 and 1927 . The traditional explanation is that the borough was named for John and Mary Hight , who established a tavern in the area in the 1750s ."}]}, {'value': 'Route 57 Shuttle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warren County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warren_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Warren County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 105,779 , making it the 19th-most populous of the state 's 21 counties , representing a decrease of 1.7% from the 108,692 enumerated in the 2010 United States Census , in turn having increased by 6,255 ( +6.1% ) from 102,437 counted at the 2000 Census , Its county seat is Belvidere . It is part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton , PA-NJ metropolitan area and is generally considered the eastern border of the Lehigh Valley . It is considered part of the New York-Newark , NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area , and shares its eastern border with the New York City Metropolitan Area , with its northwestern section bordering The Poconos . The most populous place was Phillipsburg , with 14,950 residents at the time of the 2010 Census , while Hardwick Township , covered 37.92 square miles ( 98.2 km2 ) , the largest total area of any municipality . Warren County was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 20 , 1824 , from portions of Sussex County . At its creation , the county consisted of the townships of Greenwich , Independence , Knowlton , Mansfield , Oxford , and Pahaquarry ( now defunct ) . The county was named for Joseph Warren , an American Revolutionary War hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Route 130 Connection Shuttle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercer County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercer_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Mercer County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Its county seat is Trenton , the state capital . The county constitutes the Trenton-Ewing , NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area and is considered part of the New York Metropolitan Area by the United States Census Bureau , but also directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is included within the Federal Communications Commission 's Philadelphia Designated Market Area . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 369,811 , making it the state 's 12th-most populous county , an increase of 2.2% from the 2010 United States Census , when its population was enumerated at 366,513 , in turn an increase of 15,752 ( 4.5% ) from the 350,761 enumerated in the 2000 Census , retaining its position as the 12th-most populous county in the state . The county was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22 , 1838 , from portions of Burlington County ( including Nottingham Township ) , Hunterdon County ( including Ewing Township , Lawrence Township , Trenton City and portions of Hopewell Township ) , and Middlesex County ( including West Windsor Township and portions of East Windsor Township ) . The former Keith Line bisects the county and is the boundary between municipalities that previously had been separated into West Jersey and East Jersey . It was named for Continental Army General Hugh Mercer , who died as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Princeton on January 3 , 1777 . The Mercer Oak , against which the dying general rested as his men continued to fight , appears on the county seal and stood for 250 years until it collapsed in 2000 . Mercer County is home to Princeton University , Princeton Theological Seminary , the Institute for Advanced Study , Rider University , The College of New Jersey , Thomas Edison State University and Mercer County Community College . Trenton-Mercer Airport , in Ewing Township , is a commercial and corporate aviation airport serving Mercer County and its surrounding vicinity . The official residence of the governor of New Jersey , known as Drumthwacket , is located in Princeton , and is listed on both the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and the New Jersey Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset County Public Transit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Somerset County is a county located in the central of the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 331,164 , a 3.7% increase from the 2010 United States Census , making it the 13th most populous of the state 's 21 counties . Somerset County is part of the New York Metropolitan Area . Its county seat is Somerville . The most populous place was Franklin Township , with 62,300 residents at the time of the 2010 Census , while Hillsborough Township , covered 55.00 square miles ( 142.4 km2 ) , the largest total area of any municipality . In 2015 , the county had a per capita personal income of $ 86,468 , the second highest in New Jersey and ranked 25th of 3,113 counties in the United States . Somerset County , as of the 2000 Census , was the seventh wealthiest county in the United States by median household income at $ 76,933 ( third in New Jersey behind Hunterdon County at $ 79,888 and Morris County at $ 77,340 ) , fourth in median family income at $ 90,655 ( second in New Jersey behind Hunterdon County at $ 91,050 ) and ranked seventh by per capita income at $ 37,970 ( highest in New Jersey ) . The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 11th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States ( and the highest in New Jersey ) as of 2009 . In 2012 , 49.8 percent of Somerset County residents were college graduates , the highest percentage in the state . Somerset County was recently ranked number 3 of 21 NJ counties as one of the healthiest counties in New Jersey , according to an annual report by County Health Rankings and Roadmaps . Somerset County was created on May 14 , 1688 , from portions of Middlesex County ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sussex County Skylands Ride', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sussex County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Sussex County is the northernmost county in the State of New Jersey . Its county seat is Newton . It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area and is part of the state 's Skylands Region , a term promoted by the New Jersey Commerce , Economic Growth , & Tourism Commission to encourage tourism . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 140,799 , making it the 17th-most populous of the state 's 21 counties , a 5.3% decrease from the 149,265 enumerated in the 2010 United States Census , in turn an increase of 5,099 ( 3.5% ) over the 144,166 persons enumerated in the 2000 Census . Based on 2010 Census data , Vernon Township was the county 's largest in both population and area , with a population of 23,943 and covering an area of 70.59 square miles ( 182.8 km2 ) . In 2015 , the county had a per capita personal income of $ 55,497 , the ninth-highest in New Jersey and ranked 220th of 3,113 counties in the United States . As of 2010 [ update ] The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 131st-highest per capita income ( $ 49,207 ) of the 3,113 counties in the United States ( and the ninth-highest in the state ) . The county was established in 1753 and named after historic County Sussex , England . Until the mid-20th century , most of Sussex County 's economy was based on agriculture ( chiefly dairy farming ) and the mining industry . With the decline of these industries in the 1960s , Sussex County was transformed into a bedroom community that absorbed population shifts from New Jersey 's more heavily populated areas . Recent studies estimate that 60% of Sussex County residents work outside of the county , many seeking or maintaining employment in New York City or New Jersey 's more suburban and urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vernon Area Shuttle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sussex County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sussex_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Sussex County is the northernmost county in the State of New Jersey . Its county seat is Newton . It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area and is part of the state 's Skylands Region , a term promoted by the New Jersey Commerce , Economic Growth , & Tourism Commission to encourage tourism . As of the 2018 Census estimate , the county 's population was 140,799 , making it the 17th-most populous of the state 's 21 counties , a 5.3% decrease from the 149,265 enumerated in the 2010 United States Census , in turn an increase of 5,099 ( 3.5% ) over the 144,166 persons enumerated in the 2000 Census . Based on 2010 Census data , Vernon Township was the county 's largest in both population and area , with a population of 23,943 and covering an area of 70.59 square miles ( 182.8 km2 ) . In 2015 , the county had a per capita personal income of $ 55,497 , the ninth-highest in New Jersey and ranked 220th of 3,113 counties in the United States . As of 2010 [ update ] The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 131st-highest per capita income ( $ 49,207 ) of the 3,113 counties in the United States ( and the ninth-highest in the state ) . The county was established in 1753 and named after historic County Sussex , England . Until the mid-20th century , most of Sussex County 's economy was based on agriculture ( chiefly dairy farming ) and the mining industry . With the decline of these industries in the 1960s , Sussex County was transformed into a bedroom community that absorbed population shifts from New Jersey 's more heavily populated areas . Recent studies estimate that 60% of Sussex County residents work outside of the county , many seeking or maintaining employment in New York City or New Jersey 's more suburban and urban areas ."}]}, {'value': 'Vernon , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vernon,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Vernon Township is a township in Sussex County , New Jersey , United States . It is located about one hour 's drive from New York City and is part of the New York Metropolitan Area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 23,943 , reflecting a decline of 743 ( -3.0% ) from the 24,686 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 3,475 ( +16.4% ) from the 21,211 counted in the 1990 Census . It is both the most populous municipality and the largest in area in the county . Vernon is home to Mountain Creek ( formerly Great Gorge and Vernon Valley ) , a ski resort and water park as well as the Crystal Springs Resort 's Minerals Hotel and Elements Spa . The Hidden Valley ski resort , which opened in 1976 and occupied a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) property that included one of New Jersey 's three remaining downhill skiing facilities , closed at the end of the 2013 season and could find no buyers at an auction held that year ; it has since reopened as the National Winter Activity Center . The Great Gorge Playboy Club was located in the Vernon community of McAfee , but was sold and turned into a hotel , now called the Legends Resort & Country Club . Opened in 1972 at a cost of $ 20 million , featuring 700 rooms and 27 holes of golf , the hotel was sold to Americana in 1982 and later was resold to Metairie Corp. which branded the property as the Legends Resort and Country Club . In 2017 , the township started eviction proceedings against low-income residents who had been living in the defunct resort on a permanent basis ."}]}, {'value': 'West Milford Bus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Passaic County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Passaic_County,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Passaic County ( /pəˈseɪ.ɪk/ pə-SAY-ik ) is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 501,226 , an increase of 12,177 ( +2.5% ) from the 489,049 counted in the 2000 Census , As of the 2017 Census estimate , the county 's population was 512,607 , making it the state 's ninth-most populous county , and marking an increase of 2.3% from 2010 . Its county seat is Paterson . The most populous place was Paterson , with 146,199 residents at the time of the 2010 Census , more than 29% of the county 's population , while West Milford covered 80.32 square miles ( 208.0 km2 ) , the largest total area of any municipality and more than 40% of the county 's area . Passaic County was created on February 7 , 1837 , from portions of Bergen County and Essex County ."}]}, {'value': 'West Milford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Milford_Township,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "West Milford is a township in Passaic County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 25,850 , reflecting a decline of 560 ( -2.1% ) from the 26,410 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 980 ( +3.9% ) from the 25,430 counted in the 1990 Census ."}]}], 'section_title': 'New Jersey', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_bus_transit_systems_in_the_United_States_30', 'intro': 'The following is a list of presently-operating bus transit systems in the United States with regular service. The list excludes charter buses, private bus operators, paratransit systems, and trolleybus systems. Figures for daily ridership, number of vehicles, and daily vehicle revenue miles are accurate as of 2009 and come from the FTA National Transit Database.'}
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What is the locale of the township that is home to Mountain Creek ski resort and water park , as well as the Crystal Springs Resort 's Minerals Hotel and Elements Spa ?
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Sussex County
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ff7280f0005d5c99
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Asian_Club_Championship', 'title': 'Afro-Asian Club Championship', 'header': ['Country', 'Club', 'Winners', 'Runners-up', 'Years won', 'Years runner-up'], 'data': [{'value': 'Egypt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Egypt', 'summary': "Egypt ( /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ( listen ) EE-jipt ; Arabic : مِصر Miṣr , Egyptian Arabic : مَصر Maṣr , Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip ( Palestine ) and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia , and across the Mediterranean lie Greece , Turkey and Cyprus , although none share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 6th-4th millennia BCE . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest . Egypt 's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and often assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman Turkish , and Nubian . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century , Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers : The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire . Modern Egypt dates back to 1922 , when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy . However , British military occupation of Egypt continued , and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism . Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation , nationalized the British-held Suez Canal , exiled King Farouk and his family , and declared itself a republic ."}]}, {'value': 'Zamalek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zamalek_SC', 'summary': "Zamalek Sporting Club ( Arabic : نادي الزمالك الرياضي ) is an Egyptian sports club based in Giza , Egypt . The club is mainly known for its professional football team , which currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League , the top tier of the Egyptian football league system . The club was founded on 5 January 1911 as Qasr El Nile Club and was first headed by Belgian lawyer George Marzbach . The name was changed to El Mokhtalat Club two years later and was changed again in 1941 to King Farouk Club , named after King Farouk of Egypt because he was a fan of the white knights . Following the 1952 Egyptian revolution , the club name was once again changed to its current name zamalek club . Sometimes used as strip club for the owner Zamalek are one of two clubs that have played in every season of the Egyptian Premier League , and one of seven clubs that have never been relegated to the Egyptian Second Division . On the continental side , Zamalek has won five CAF Champions League titles , as follows one CAF Confederation Cup title , four CAF Super Cup titles and one African Cup Winners ' Cup title ; making themselves as one of the most successful clubs in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987 , 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thailand', 'summary': "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Thai Farmers Bank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thai_Farmers_Bank_F.C.', 'summary': "Thai Farmers Bank Football Club ( Thai : สโมสรฟุตบอลธนาคารกสิกรไทย ) is a defunct Thai football club based in Bangkok and supported by the eponymous financial institution . They won two AFC Champions League titles in 1994 and 1995 . Due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis , the club sponsor 's stock price dropped 49% , which resulted in them being taken over by foreign investors . The financial crisis went on , so in 2000 the club finally folded ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tunisia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tunisia', 'summary': "Tunisia [ a ] , officially the Republic of Tunisia [ b ] , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa , covering 163,610 square kilometres ( 63,170 square miles ) . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is also the northernmost point on the African continent . Tunisia is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was 11.5 million in 2017 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis ( Berber native name : Tunest ) , which is located on its northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains , and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 kilometres ( 810 miles ) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , feature the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only fully democratic sovereign state in the Arab world . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Espérance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Espérance_Sportive_de_Tunis', 'summary': 'Espérance Sportive de Tunis ( Arabic : الترجي الرياضي التونسي ) , also known as The Ghoul of Africa ( Arabic : غول إفريقيا ) , Mkachkha ( Arabic : المكشخة ) , ES Tunis , Espérance ST , or Espérance de Tunis , is a sports club based in Bab Souika , Tunis , Tunisia . It has teams in multiple sports , including football , handball , and volleyball .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tunisia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tunisia', 'summary': "Tunisia [ a ] , officially the Republic of Tunisia [ b ] , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa , covering 163,610 square kilometres ( 63,170 square miles ) . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is also the northernmost point on the African continent . Tunisia is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was 11.5 million in 2017 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis ( Berber native name : Tunest ) , which is located on its northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains , and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 kilometres ( 810 miles ) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , feature the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only fully democratic sovereign state in the Arab world . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Club Africain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Africain', 'summary': 'Club Africain ( Arabic : النادي الافريقي ) competes in the Tunisian Championship . It fields several sport teams , including football , handball , basketball , swimming and volleyball . Club Africain is not the most successful but the most popular football club in Tunisia . The football team was the first Tunisian club to win an international trophy in 1971 , when they won the Maghreb Cup Winners Cup .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'Busan IPark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Busan_IPark', 'summary': 'Busan IPark ( Korean : 부산 아이파크 ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Busan , South Korea that will compete in K League 1 after being promoted from 2019 K League 2 . Its current home ground is Busan Gudeok Stadium . The club was one of the original five members of the K League and continuously competed in the first division from 1983 to 2015 , when they were relegated . Initially , the club was simply called Daewoo in reference to the company that originally owned and financed it . Today they receive financial backing from the HDC Group .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Egypt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Egypt', 'summary': "Egypt ( /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ( listen ) EE-jipt ; Arabic : مِصر Miṣr , Egyptian Arabic : مَصر Maṣr , Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip ( Palestine ) and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia , and across the Mediterranean lie Greece , Turkey and Cyprus , although none share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 6th-4th millennia BCE . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest . Egypt 's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and often assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman Turkish , and Nubian . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century , Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers : The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire . Modern Egypt dates back to 1922 , when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy . However , British military occupation of Egypt continued , and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism . Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation , nationalized the British-held Suez Canal , exiled King Farouk and his family , and declared itself a republic ."}]}, {'value': 'Al Ahly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Ahly_SC', 'summary': "Al Ahly Sporting Club ( Arabic : النادي الأهلي للرياضة البدنية ) , commonly referred to as Al Ahly , is an Egyptian sports club based in Cairo . It is known as The Club of the Century in African football . It is best known for its professional football team that plays in the Egyptian Premier League , the top tier in the Egyptian football league system , and is the most decorated football club in Africa . It was founded on 24 April 1907 , as a gathering place for Cairo 's Student Unions . Al Ahly has a record of 41 national league titles , 36 national cups titles , and 11 national super cup titles making Al Ahly the most decorated club in Egypt . In addition , Al Ahly has never been relegated to the Egyptian Second Division . In international competitions , the club has won a record 8 CAF Champions League titles , a CAF Confederation Cup title , a record 6 CAF Super Cup titles , a record 4 African Cup Winners ' Cup titles , an Afro-Asian Club Championship title , an Arab Club Champions Cup title , an Arab Cup Winners ' Cup title , a record 2 Arab Super Cup titles , and won a bronze medal in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup . Al Ahly is the second most successful club in the world in terms of number of international titles ( 20 ) behind Real Madrid ( 26 ) . Al Ahly was awarded with the club of the century award in 2001 in guhansberg in South Africa ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Algeria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Algeria', 'summary': 'Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget .'}]}, {'value': 'ES Sétif', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ES_Sétif', 'summary': "Entente Sportive Sétifienne ( Arabic : الوفاق الرياضي السطايفي ) , known as Entente de Sétif , commonly referred to as ES Sétif or ESS for short , is an Algerian professional football club based in Sétif . The club was founded in 1958 and its colours are black and white . Their home stadium , the Stade 8 Mai 1945 , has a capacity of 18,000 spectators . The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 . ESS is one of the most successful clubs in Algeria having won the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 eight times and the Algerian Cup a record eight times . They are also one of only three Algerian clubs to have won the CAF Champions League , winning it twice in 1988 and 2014 . They have also won the Arab Champions League twice , in 2007 and 2008 , as well as three North African Cups in 2009 and 2010 . In 2015 , they became the first Algerian club to win the CAF Super Cup . ES Sétif were CAF Champions League champion , after beating DR Congo 's AS Vita Club in the 2014 final , the reigning CAF Super Cup , after beating Egypt 's Al Ahly in the 2015 Super Cup and the reigning Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 champions ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Wydad Casablanca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wydad_AC', 'summary': 'Wydad Athletic Club ( Arabic : نادي الوداد الرياضي , Arabic pronunciation : [ naːdiː‿l.wydaːd arːiyːadˤiː ] ) , Berber languages : ⵡⵢⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵀⵍⴻⵜⵉⵛ ⵛⵍⵓⴱ ) commonly known as WAC or Wydad Casablanca , also called Wydad of Nation or The Lions Of Africa is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca City , Morocco . Wydad AC is one of the best and most successful football team in Africa , and which is the most titled team in the history of Moroccan football League . Wydad has won a record of 20 Moroccan league titles . In addition Wydad has won 9 Moroccan Cups and 8 Moroccan Super Cup . In continental competitions the club has won 2 CAF Champions League , 1 CAF Cup Winners , 1 CAF Super Cup , 1 Afro-Asian Club Championship , 1 Arab Club Champions Cup , 1 Arab Super Cup , 3 North African Championship , 3 North African Super Cup , 1 North African Cup , 1 Mohammed V Trophy . Anina'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'Seongnam FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seongnam_FC', 'summary': 'Seongnam FC ( Hangul : 성남 FC ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Seongnam , South Korea . Seongnam plays in the K League 1 , the top division in South Korea . Founded as Ilhwa Chunma Football Club in 1989 , the club have won a joint-record seven national league titles , three FA Cups , three League Cups , and two AFC Champions League titles . Seongnam also placed fifth in the IFFHS Asian Clubs of the 20th century . In 2014 , the club was bought by the Seongnam City Government and was officially renamed Seongnam FC .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Raja Casablanca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raja_Casablanca', 'summary': 'Raja Club Athletic ( Raja CA or RCA ) ( Arabic : نادي الرجاء الرياضي , romanized : Nādī ar-Rajāʾ ar-Riyāḍī ) is a Moroccan sports club with sections in many different disciplines based in Casablanca City , Morocco . Founded in 1949 , Raja CA is a club known for the success of its football section and is the finalists in the FIFA Club World Cup 2013 The club Greens played the finals against the Bavarians giant FC Bayern Munich and which is the most titled team in the history of African Football and the Moroccan Football History . The Greens Eagles plays its meetings at Stade Mohammed V since its inauguration in 1956 . Raja CA holds the distinction of being the first Arab club to reach the final of the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup since Al Ain FC reached the final too in 2018 . It is also one of the most prestigious clubs on the continent , in 1999 , in a ranking established by the FIFA , Raja is ranked 10th club in the world following its performances at the 2000 Mondialito . Raja CA is also the most successful moroccan club of the 21st century . Nowadays , Raja is the fifth most successful club in Africa with 8 titles in official continental competitions Raja CA has longstanding rivalries with some clubs , including Wydad AC ( the confrontation between the two clubs , the Casablanca derby , is one of the most famous in the world ) where the Green Eagles show a historical superiority over his rival in term of victories and goals . The green club is chaired by Jaouad Ziyat since September 13 , 2018 , succeeding to the provisional committee of Mohamed Aouzal who led Raja for 5 months after the resignation of the controversial Said Hasbane . The Moroccan Jamal Sellami is the coach .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Korea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Korea', 'summary': "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ."}]}, {'value': 'Pohang Steelers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pohang_Steelers', 'summary': "Pohang Steelers ( Hangul : 포항 스틸러스 ) is a South Korean professional football club based in Pohang , North Gyeongsang . They were originally called Pohang Steelworks , after the Pohang Iron and Steel Company that owned it . The club was founded in 1973 and is one of Korean football 's most successful sides . They are the joint-most successful team in Asia with three AFC Champions League titles ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'FAR Rabat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FAR_Rabat', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'JEF United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JEF_United_Ichihara_Chiba', 'summary': 'JEF United Chiba ( ジェフユナイテッド千葉 , Jefu Yunaiteddo Chiba ) , full name JEF United Ichihara Chiba and also known as JEF Chiba ( ジェフ千葉 , Jefu Chiba ) , is a Japanese professional football club that plays in the J2 League . On 1 February 2005 , the club changed its name from JEF United Ichihara to the current name after Chiba city had joined Ichihara , Chiba as its hometown in 2003 . Of its club name , JEF is taken from the JR East and Furukawa Electric companies and United is meant to represent the unity of the team and its home city .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tokyo Verdy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tokyo_Verdy', 'summary': "Tokyo Verdy ( 東京ヴェルディ , Tōkyō Verudi ) is a Japanese professional football club , based in Tokyo , Japan , that plays in J2 League . Founded as Yomiuri FC in 1969 , Tokyo Verdy is one of the most decorated clubs in the J.League , with honours including 2 J.League titles , 5 Emperor 's Cups , 6 JSL Cup / J.League Cups and an Asian Club Championship title , and the most successful team in Japanese football history with 25 titles . Verdy 's plays its home games at the 50,000 capacity Ajinomoto Stadium , which it shares with FC Tokyo , although many home matches are played in other stadiums in Tokyo , including Tokyo National Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Qatar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qatar', 'summary': "Qatar ( /ˈkætɑːr/ , /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ ( listen ) , /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : قطر Qaṭar [ ˈqɑtˤɑr ] ; local vernacular pronunciation : [ ˈɡɪtˤɑr ] ) , officially the State of Qatar ( Arabic : دولة قطر Dawlat Qaṭar ) , is a country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Whether the sovereign state should be regarded as a constitutional monarchy or an absolute monarchy is disputed . Its sole land border is with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . The Gulf of Bahrain , an inlet of the Persian Gulf , separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Islam is the official religion of Qatar . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is widely regarded as the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a high-income economy , backed by the world 's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98% in favour ."}]}, {'value': 'Al-Sadd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al-Sadd_Sports_Club', 'summary': "Al-Sadd Sports Club ( Arabic : نادي السد الرياضي ) is a Qatari sports club based in the Al Sadd district of the city of Doha . It is best known for its association football team , which competes in the top level of Qatari football , the Qatar Stars League . Locally , it is known primarily by the nickname Al Zaeem , which translates to The Boss . It is known as the best team in Qatar and is the only Qatari team that has won the AFC Champions League in Asia . In addition to football , the club has teams for handball , basketball , volleyball , table tennis and athletics . It is the most successful sports club in the country , and holds a national record of 57 official football championships . The origin of Al Sadd 's conception began with four Qatari students who excelled in football , but did not wish to join any of the existing football clubs . After consulting with the minister of Youth and Sports , the group , led by Abdulla bin Ahmed bin Mubarak Al Ali and Ali bin Mohammad bin Ali bin Sultan Al Ali , founded the club on 21 October 1969 in Qatar 's capital city . In the 1989 season , they became the first Arab club side to triumph in the Asian Club Championship by defeating Al Rasheed of Iraq on an aggregate of away goals . Twenty-two years later , they won the 2011 Asian Champions League and earned a spot in the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup , in which Al Sadd finished third ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saudi Arabia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saudi_Arabia', 'summary': "Saudi Arabia , [ c ] officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , [ d ] is a country in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . With a land area of approximately 2,150,000 km2 ( 830,000 sq mi ) , Saudi Arabia is geographically the largest sovereign state in Western Asia , the second-largest in the Arab world ( after Algeria ) , the fifth-largest in Asia , and the 12th-largest in the world . Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain , and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south ; it is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast , and most of its terrain consists of arid desert , lowland and mountains . As of October 2018 , the Saudi economy was the largest in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world . Saudi Arabia also has one of the world 's youngest populations ; 50 percent of its 33.4 million people are under 25 years old . The territory that now constitutes Saudi Arabia was the site of several ancient cultures and civilizations . The prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world . The world 's second-largest religion , Islam , emerged in modern-day Saudi Arabia . In the early 7th century , the Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of Arabia and created a single Islamic religious polity . Following his death in 632 , his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia , conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory ( from the Iberian Peninsula in the West to modern-day Pakistan in the East ) in a matter of decades . Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun ( 632-661 ) , Umayyad ( 661-750 ) , Abbasid ( 750-1517 ) and Fatimid ( 909-1171 ) caliphates as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia , Africa and Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Al-Hilal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al-Hilal_FC', 'summary': "Al Hilal Saudi Football Club ( Arabic : نادي الهلال السعودي لكرة القدم ) is a Saudi Arabian professional multi-sports club based in Riyadh . The football team plays in the Saudi Professional League . Founded on 16 October 1957 , it is one of four teams to have participated in all seasons of the Saudi Professional League since its establishment in 1976 . Overall , they have won 15 official titles on the national and international stage , and 99 counting friendly trophies . In domestic competitions , they have won a record 15 Professional League titles , a record 13 Crown Prince Cup titles , a record 7 Saudi Federation Cup titles , 8 King Cup titles , a record 2 Super Cup title , and also the Saudi Founder 's Cup an official Centennial football tournament , held every hundred years . Internationally , Al Hilal has a record 7 Asian Football Confederation trophies - the AFC Champions League in 1991 , 2000 and 2019 , the Asian Cup Winners Cup in 1997 and 2002 , and the Asian Super Cup in 1997 , 2000 . In September 2009 , Al Hilal was awarded Best Asian Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iran', 'summary': "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ."}]}, {'value': 'PAS Tehran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PAS_Tehran_F.C.', 'summary': 'Pas Tehran Football Club ( Persian : باشگاه فوتبال پاس تهران ) was an Iranian football club based in Tehran , Iran . Pas F.C . was the football club of the multisport Pas Cultural and Sport Club . The club has a long and rich history and has always been associated with Iranian police , receiving most of its funding from that branch . In recent years the football club had shown itself to be a contender , thanks to increased funding and support from the team board . The team played its matches in Shahid Dastgerdi Stadium . On 9 June 2007 , Pas Tehran was officially dissolved . Their right to participate in the Persian Gulf Cup was given to a newly formed team called Pas Hamedan .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Orlando Pirates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orlando_Pirates_FC', 'summary': "Orlando Pirates Football Club is a South African professional football club based in the Houghton suburb of the city of Johannesburg and plays in the top-tier system of Football in South Africa known as Premier Soccer League , The team plays it 's home matches at Orlando Stadium in Soweto . The club was founded in 1937 and was originally based in Orlando , Soweto . They are named 'Pirates ' after the 1940 film The Sea Hawk starring Errol Flynn . Orlando Pirates are the first club since the inception of the Premier Soccer League in 1996 to have won three major trophies in a single season back to back , having won the domestic league ABSA Premiership , the FA Cup Nedbank Cup and the Top 8 Cup MTN 8 during the ABSA Premiership 2010-11 season and domestic league ABSA Premiership , the League Cup Telkom Knockout and the Top 8 Cup MTN 8 during the ABSA Premiership 2011-12 season . They are one of only two South African teams with Mamelodi Sundowns to win the CAF Champions League , which they won in 1995 . They are the runners-up of 2015 CAF Confederation Cup . Orlando Pirates drew an average home attendance of 14,533 in the 2016-17 domestic league season . It became the second highest in the league . One of their biggest rivalries , besides the one with Kaizer Chiefs , is the rivalry with Moroka Swallows ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Records and statistics -- Results by club', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Afro-Asian_Club_Championship_0', 'intro': "The Afro-Asian Club Championship, sometimes referred to as the Afro-Asian Cup, was a football competition endorsed by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and Asian Football Confederation (AFC), contested between the winners of the African Champions' Cup and the Asian Club Championship, the two continents' top club competitions. The championship was modelled on the Intercontinental Cup (organised by Europe's UEFA and South America's CONMEBOL football federations and now replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup) and ran from 1987 to 1999."}
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Which entity bought the club whose country name is derived from Goguryeo ?
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Seongnam City Government
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ff75332a8869b52a
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencies_of_the_European_Union', 'title': 'Agencies of the European Union', 'header': ['Official name', 'Abbreviation', 'Location', 'Member state', 'Est', 'Members and observers'], 'data': [{'value': 'European Agency for Safety and Health at Work', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Agency_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work', 'summary': 'The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work ( EU-OSHA ) is a decentralised agency of the European Union with the task of collecting , analysing and disseminating relevant information that can serve the needs of people involved in safety and health at work . Set up in 1994 by Council Regulation ( EC ) No 2062/94 of 18 July 1994 , EU-OSHA is based in Bilbao , Spain , where it has a staff of occupational safety and health , communication and administrative specialists . Dr Christa Sedlatschek is the current Director of EU-OSHA , following on from Dr Jukka Takala in September 2011 . EU-OSHA collects , analyses and disseminates information related to occupational safety and health across the EU and contributes to an evidence base which policymakers can use to establish future policies regarding occupational safety and health . EU-OSHA publishes a monthly newsletter , OSHmail , which deals with occupational health and safety topics , and provides in-depth publications , such as detailed reports , regarding occupational safety and health information . EU-OSHA works through diverse networks spanning the EU , with its main activities covering three distinct areas : analysis and research , prevention , and campaigning and awareness raising . EU-OSHA was given an important role in the European strategy on Health and Safety at Work ( 2007-12 ) and this was reflected in the EU-OSHA Strategy and Annual Management Plan .'}]}, {'value': 'EU-OSHA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bilbao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao', 'summary': 'Bilbao ( /bɪlˈbaʊ , -ˈbɑːoʊ/ , also US : /-ˈbeɪoʊ/ , Spanish : [ bilˈβao ] ; Basque : Bilbo [ bilβo ] ) is a city in northern Spain , the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole . It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain . Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain , with a population of 345,141 as of 2015 . The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants , making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain ; with a population of 875,552 the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain . Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region . Bilbao is situated in the north-central part of Spain , some 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) south of the Bay of Biscay , where the economic social development is located , where the estuary of Bilbao is formed . Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres ( 1,300 ft ) . Its climate is shaped by the Bay of Biscay low-pressure systems and mild air , moderating summer temperatures by Iberian standards , with low sunshine and high rainfall . The annual temperature range is low for its latitude . After its foundation in the early 14th century by Diego López V de Haro , head of the powerful Haro family , Bilbao was a commercial hub of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in Green Spain . This was due to its port activity based on the export of iron extracted from the Biscayan quarries . Throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth , Bilbao experienced heavy industrialisation , making it the centre of the second-most industrialised region of Spain , behind Barcelona .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Centre_for_the_Development_of_Vocational_Training', 'summary': 'The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training ( Cedefop ) is an agency of the European Union . Established in 1975 , Cedefop is headquartered and located in Thessaloniki region , Greece , and has a Brussels office . Cedefop is the acronym of its French title , Centre Européen pour le Développement de la Formation Professionnelle ( C.E.DE.FO.P. ) . Cedefop supports the development of European vocational education and training ( VET ) policies and contributes to their implementation . Cedefop works closely with the European Commission , governments , representatives of employers and trade unions , researchers and practitioners in vocational education and training ( VET ) , with the aim of strengthening European cooperation . It provides the evidence on which to base European vocational education and training policy and identifies trends in and challenges for VET . The agency also brings together policy-makers , social partners , researchers and practitioners to share ideas and debate the best ways to improve European VET policies . The issues it covers span guidance and counselling ; training for older workers ; forecasting the demand and supply of skills ; the recognition and validation of learning that takes place outside the education system ; and the development of qualification frameworks .'}]}, {'value': 'Cedefop', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thessaloniki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thessaloniki', 'summary': "Thessaloniki ( /ˌθɛsələˈniːki/ ; Greek : Θεσσαλονίκη , romanized : Thessaloníki [ θesaloˈnici ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Thessalonica ( English : /ˌθɛsələˈnaɪkə , ˌθɛsəˈlɒnɪkə/ ) , Saloniki or Salonica ( /səˈlɒnɪkə , ˌsæləˈniːkə/ ) , is the second-largest city in Greece , with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area , and the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia , the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace . It is also known in Greek as η Συμπρωτεύουσα ( i Symprōtévousa ) , literally the co-capital , a reference to its historical status as the Συμβασιλεύουσα ( Symvasilévousa ) or co-reigning city of the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire , alongside Constantinople . Thessaloniki is located on the Thermaic Gulf , at the northwest corner of the Aegean Sea . It is bounded on the west by the delta of the Axios/Vardar . The municipality of Thessaloniki , the historical center , had a population of 325,182 in 2011 , while the Thessaloniki Urban Area had a population of 824,676 and the Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area had 1,030,338 inhabitants in 2011 . It is Greece 's second major economic , industrial , commercial and political centre ; it is a major transportation hub for Greece and southeastern Europe , notably through the Port of Thessaloniki . The city is renowned for its festivals , events and vibrant cultural life in general , and is considered to be Greece 's cultural capital . Events such as the Thessaloniki International Fair and the Thessaloniki International Film Festival are held annually , while the city also hosts the largest bi-annual meeting of the Greek diaspora . Thessaloniki was the 2014 European Youth Capital . The city of Thessaloniki was founded in 315 BC by Cassander of Macedon . An important metropolis by the Roman period , Thessaloniki was the second largest and wealthiest city of the Byzantine Empire . It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1430 , and remained an important seaport and multi-ethnic metropolis during the nearly five centuries of Turkish rule ."}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states observers : Iceland , Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}]}, {'value': 'European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Foundation_for_the_Improvement_of_Living_and_Working_Conditions', 'summary': 'The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions ( Eurofound ) is an agency of the European Union which focuses on managing research , gathering information , and communicating its findings . It was set up by in May 1975 by the European Council to help improve living and working conditions across Europe , and was one of the first bodies established to work on a specific subset of EU policy . It is headquartered in Loughlinstown , County Dublin , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'EUROFOUND', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dublin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dublin', 'summary': "Dublin ( /ˈdʌblɪn/ , locally /ˈdʊb-/ ; Irish : Baile Átha Cliath [ ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈklʲiə ; ˌbʲlʲaː ˈklʲiə ] ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland . Situated on a bay on the east coast , at the mouth of the River Liffey , it lies within the province of Leinster . It is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains , a part of the Wicklow Mountains range . It has an urban area population of 1,173,179 , while the population of the Dublin Region ( formerly County Dublin ) as of 2016 [ update ] was 1,347,359 . The population of the Greater Dublin Area was 1,904,806 per the 2016 census . There is archaeological debate regarding precisely where Dublin was established by the Gaels in or before the 7th century AD . Later expanded as a Viking settlement , the Kingdom of Dublin , the city became Ireland 's principal settlement following the Norman invasion . The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800 . Following the partition of Ireland in 1922 , Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State , later renamed Ireland . Dublin is a historical and contemporary centre for education , the arts , administration and industry . As of 2018 [ update ] the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ( GaWC ) as a global city , with a ranking of Alpha − , which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission observers : EFTA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association', 'summary': "The European Free Trade Association ( EFTA ) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states : Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway , and Switzerland . The organization operates in parallel with the European Union ( EU ) , and all four member states participate in the European Single Market and are part of the Schengen Area . They are not , however , party to the European Union Customs Union . EFTA was historically one of the two dominant western European trade blocs , but is now much smaller and closely associated with its historical competitor , the European Union . It was established on 3 May 1960 to serve as an alternative trade bloc for those European states that were unable or unwilling to join the then European Economic Community ( EEC ) , which subsequently became the European Union . The Stockholm Convention ( 1960 ) , to establish the EFTA , was signed on 4 January 1960 in the Swedish capital by seven countries ( known as the outer seven : Austria , Denmark , Norway , Portugal , Sweden , Switzerland and the United Kingdom ) . A revised Convention , the Vaduz Convention , was signed on 21 June 2001 and entered into force on 1 June 2002 . Since 1995 , only two founding members remain , namely Norway and Switzerland . The other five , Austria , Denmark , Portugal , Sweden and the United Kingdom , joined the EU at some point in the intervening years . The initial Stockholm Convention was superseded by the Vaduz Convention , which aimed to provide a successful framework for continuing the expansion and liberalization of trade , both among the organization 's member states and with the rest of the world . Whilst the EFTA is not a customs union and member states have full rights to enter into bilateral third-country trade arrangements , it does have a coordinated trade policy . As a result , its member states have jointly concluded free trade agreements with the EU and a number of other countries ."}]}, {'value': 'European Environment Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Environment_Agency', 'summary': 'The European Environment Agency ( EEA ) is the agency of the European Union ( EU ) which provides independent information on the environment .'}]}, {'value': 'EEA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Copenhagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Copenhagen', 'summary': "Copenhagen [ a ] ( Danish : København [ kʰøpm̩ˈhau̯ˀn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark . As of 1 January 2020 , the city had a population of 794,128 , 632,340 in Copenhagen Municipality , 104,305 in Frederiksberg Municipality , 42,989 in Tårnby Municipality , and 14,494 in Dragør Municipality . It forms the core of the wider urban area of Copenhagen ( population 1,320,629 ) and the Copenhagen metropolitan area ( population 2,557,737 ) . Copenhagen is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand ; another small portion of the city is located on Amager , and it is separated from Malmø , Sweden , by the strait of Øresund . The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road . Originally a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century in the vicinity of what is now Gammel Strand , Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century . Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a regional centre of power with its institutions , defences and armed forces . During the renaissance the city served as the de facto capital being the seat of government of the Kalmar Union , governing the entire present day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway ruled by the Danish monarch serving as the head of state . The city flourished as the cultural and economic center of Scandinavia under the union for well over 120 years , starting in the 15th century up until the beginning of the 16th century when the union was dissolved with Sweden leaving the union through a rebellion . After a plague outbreak and fire in the 18th century , the city underwent a period of redevelopment . This included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts . After further disasters in the early 19th century when Horatio Nelson attacked the Dano-Norwegian fleet and bombarded the city , rebuilding during the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical look to Copenhagen 's architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway , Switzerland , Turkey co-operating : Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , North Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}]}, {'value': 'European Institute of Innovation and Technology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Institute_of_Innovation_and_Technology', 'summary': "The European Institute of Innovation and Technology ( EIT ) is an independent EU Body created by the European Union in 2008 to strengthen Europe 's ability to innovate . The EIT is an integral part of Horizon 2020 , the EU 's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation ."}]}, {'value': 'EIT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Budapest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Budapest', 'summary': "Budapest ( /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ , Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈbudɒpɛʃt ] ) is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary , and the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits . The city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres ( 203 square miles ) . Budapest is both a city and county , and forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area , which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres ( 2,944 square miles ) and a population of 3,303,786 , comprising 33% of the population of Hungary . The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum , the capital of Lower Pannonia . The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century , but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241-42 . Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century . The Battle of Mohács , in 1526 , was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule . After the reconquest of Buda in 1686 , the region entered a new age of prosperity , with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda , Óbuda , and Pest on 17 November 1873 , with the name 'Budapest ' given to the new capital . Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a great power that dissolved in 1918 , following World War I . The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 , the Battle of Budapest in 1945 , and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Budapest is an Alpha − global city with strengths in commerce , finance , media , art , fashion , research , technology , education , and entertainment . It is Hungary 's financial centre and was ranked as the second fastest-developing urban economy in Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}]}, {'value': 'European Training Foundation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Training_Foundation', 'summary': "The European Training Foundation ( ETF ) is an agency of the European Union . Established in 1990 , operational since 1994 , the European Training Foundation is located in Turin , Italy . The ETF helps improve vocational training systems in non-EU countries , mostly in neighbouring regions such as the countries preparing for EU accession , North Africa , the Middle East , the Balkans and the former Soviet Union . The ETF offers these countries insight , know-how and experience in training people for new jobs and in developing lifelong learning programmes . It cooperates closely with its sister agency , the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training ( Cedefop ) , which has a mandate on vocational training within the EU member states . It counts approximately 130 staff , representing most EU member states and some of the ETF non-EU partner countries . Its first director was Peter de Rooij , Dutch ( 1994-2004 ) , followed by Muriel Dunbar , British ( 2004-2009 ) and Madlen Serban , Romanian ( 2009-2017 ) . From 1 September 2017 the ETF 's Director is Cesare Onestini , Italian ."}]}, {'value': 'ETF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin', 'summary': "Turin ( /tjʊəˈrɪn , ˈtjʊərɪn/ tewr-IN , TEWR-in , Piedmontese : [ tyˈriŋ ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Torino [ toˈriːno ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Augusta Taurinorum , then Taurinum ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy . It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin , and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865 . The city is located mainly on the western bank of the Po River , in front of Susa Valley , and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga Hill . The population of the city proper is 875,698 ( 31 December 2018 ) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants . The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million . The city used to be a major European political centre . From 1563 , it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy , then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy , and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865 . Turin is sometimes called the cradle of Italian liberty for having been the birthplace and home of notable individuals who contributed to the Risorgimento , such as Cavour . Even though much of its political significance and importance had been lost by World War II , Turin became a major European crossroad for industry , commerce and trade , and is part of the famous industrial triangle along with Milan and Genoa . Turin is ranked third in Italy , after Milan and Rome , for economic strength . With a GDP of $ 58 billion , Turin is the world 's 78th richest city by purchasing power . As of 2018 , the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma World city ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Monitoring_Centre_for_Drugs_and_Drug_Addiction', 'summary': "The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction ( EMCDDA ) is an agency of the European Union located in Lisbon , Portugal . Established in 1993 , the EMCDDA strives to be the reference point on drug usage for the European Union 's member states , and to deliver factual , objective , reliable and comparable information about drug usage , drug addiction and related health complications , including hepatitis , HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis . Though the EMCDDA primarily serves Europe , it also works with other partners , scientists and policy-makers around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'EMCDDA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisbon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisbon', 'summary': "Lisbon ( /ˈlɪzbən/ ; Portuguese : Lisboa [ liʒˈboɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal , with an estimated population of 505,526 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2 . Lisbon 's urban area extends beyond the city 's administrative limits with a population of around 2.8 million people , being the 10th-most populous urban area in the European Union . About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area , which represents approximately 27% of the country 's population . It is mainland Europe 's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast . Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus . The westernmost portions of its metro area form the westernmost point of Continental Europe , which is known as Cabo da Roca , located in the Sintra Mountains . Lisbon is recognised as an alpha-level global city because of its importance in finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , education and tourism . Lisbon is one of two Portuguese cities ( alongside Porto ) to be recognised as a global city . It is one of the major economic centres on the continent , with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe 's Atlantic coast . Additionally , Humberto Delgado Airport served 29 million passengers in 2018 , being the busiest airport in Portugal , the 3rd busiest in the Iberian Peninsula and the 20th busiest in Europe . The motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular links the main cities of Portugal to Lisbon . The city is the 9th-most-visited city in Southern Europe , after Rome , Istanbul , Barcelona , Milan , Venice , Madrid , Florence and Athens , with 3,320,300 tourists in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , European Parliament , Norway observers : Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Parliament', 'summary': "The European Parliament ( EP ) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions . Together with the Council of the European Union , it adopts European legislation , normally on a proposal from the European Commission . The Parliament is composed of 705 members ( MEPs ) . The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world ( after the Parliament of India ) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world ( 375 million eligible voters in 2009 ) . Since 1979 , it has been directly elected every five years by European Union citizens , using universal suffrage . Voter turnout for parliamentary elections has decreased at each election after 1979 until 2019 , when the voter turnout increased by 8 percentage points and went above 50% for the first time since 1994 . Voting age is 18 in all member states except Malta and Austria , where it is 16 , and Greece , where it is 17 . Although the European Parliament has legislative power , as does the Council , it does not formally possess legislative initiative ( which is the prerogative of the European Commission ) , as most national parliaments of European Union member states do . The Parliament is the first institution of the EU ( mentioned first in the treaties , having ceremonial precedence over all authority at the European level ) , and shares equal legislative and budgetary powers with the Council ( except in a few areas where the special legislative procedures apply ) . It likewise has equal control over the EU budget . Finally , the European Commission , the executive body of the EU ( it exercises executive powers , but no legislative ones other than legislative initiative ) , is accountable to Parliament . In particular , Parliament can decide whether or not to approve the European Council 's nominee for the President of the Commission , and it is further tasked with approving ( or rejecting ) the appointment of the Commission as a whole ."}]}, {'value': 'European Medicines Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Medicines_Agency', 'summary': "The European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) is an agency of the European Union ( EU ) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of medicinal products . Prior to 2004 , it was known as the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products or European Medicines Evaluation Agency ( EMEA ) . The EMA was set up in 1995 , with funding from the European Union and the pharmaceutical industry , as well as indirect subsidy from member states , its stated intention to harmonise ( but not replace ) the work of existing national medicine regulatory bodies . The hope was that this plan would not only reduce the €350 million annual cost drug companies incurred by having to win separate approvals from each member state but also that it would eliminate the protectionist tendencies of sovereign states unwilling to approve new drugs that might compete with those already produced by domestic drug companies . The EMA was founded after more than seven years of negotiations among EU governments and replaced the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products and the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products , though both of these were reborn as the core scientific advisory committees . The agency was located in London prior to the United Kingdom 's vote for withdrawal from the European Union , relocating to Amsterdam in March 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'EMA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amsterdam ( since 2019 ) London ( 1995-2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amsterdam', 'summary': "Amsterdam ( /ˈæmstərdæm/ , UK also /ˌæmstərˈdæm/ ; Dutch : [ ɑmstərˈdɑm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands with a population of 872,680 within the city proper , 1,380,872 in the urban area and 2,410,960 in the metropolitan area . Found within the province of North Holland , Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the Venice of the North , attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Amsterdam 's name derives from Amstelredamme , indicative of the city 's origin around a dam in the river Amstel . Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world in the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century and became the leading centre for finance and trade . In the 19th and 20th centuries , the city expanded , and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built . The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19-20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List . Sloten , annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam , is the oldest part of the city , dating to the 9th century . As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe , Amsterdam is considered an alpha-world city by the Globalization and World Cities ( GaWC ) study group . The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands . Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there , including Philips , AkzoNobel , TomTom and ING . Also , many of the world 's largest companies are based in Amsterdam or have established their European headquarters in the city , such as leading technology companies Uber , Netflix and Tesla . In 2012 , Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands ( UK till 2019 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , European Parliament observers : Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Parliament', 'summary': "The European Parliament ( EP ) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions . Together with the Council of the European Union , it adopts European legislation , normally on a proposal from the European Commission . The Parliament is composed of 705 members ( MEPs ) . The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world ( after the Parliament of India ) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world ( 375 million eligible voters in 2009 ) . Since 1979 , it has been directly elected every five years by European Union citizens , using universal suffrage . Voter turnout for parliamentary elections has decreased at each election after 1979 until 2019 , when the voter turnout increased by 8 percentage points and went above 50% for the first time since 1994 . Voting age is 18 in all member states except Malta and Austria , where it is 16 , and Greece , where it is 17 . Although the European Parliament has legislative power , as does the Council , it does not formally possess legislative initiative ( which is the prerogative of the European Commission ) , as most national parliaments of European Union member states do . The Parliament is the first institution of the EU ( mentioned first in the treaties , having ceremonial precedence over all authority at the European level ) , and shares equal legislative and budgetary powers with the Council ( except in a few areas where the special legislative procedures apply ) . It likewise has equal control over the EU budget . Finally , the European Commission , the executive body of the EU ( it exercises executive powers , but no legislative ones other than legislative initiative ) , is accountable to Parliament . In particular , Parliament can decide whether or not to approve the European Council 's nominee for the President of the Commission , and it is further tasked with approving ( or rejecting ) the appointment of the Commission as a whole ."}]}, {'value': 'European Union Intellectual Property Office', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Union_Intellectual_Property_Office', 'summary': "The European Union Intellectual Property Office ( EUIPO , French : Office de l'Union européenne pour la propriété intellectuelle ) , founded in 1994 , is the European Union Agency responsible for the registration of the European Union trade mark ( EUTM ) and the registered Community design ( RCD ) , two unitary intellectual property rights valid across the 28 Member States of the EU . Every year , it registers an average of 135 000 EU trade marks and close to 100 000 designs . The EUIPO is also responsible for maintaining an Orphan Works Registry . Registered works have certain permitted acts under the Orphan Works Directive . The EUIPO is based in Alicante , on the south-east coast of Spain , and there are five working languages at the Office - English , French , German , Italian and Spanish . The office also processes trade mark and design applications in 23 official languages of the EU . EUIPO was formerly known as the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market ( OHIM ) . The OHIM underwent some reforms and the Office as well as several positions and the governing board were renamed to mirror these changes . Since March 2016 , OHIM has been known by its current name . The head of the agency was changed from President to Executive Director ."}]}, {'value': 'EUIPO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alicante', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alicante', 'summary': 'Alicante ( /ˌælɪˈkænti/ , also UK : /-teɪ/ , Spanish : [ aliˈkante ] ; Valencian : Alacant [ alaˈkant ] ) [ a ] is a city located in Spain . It sits along the Costa Blanca , is the capital of the province of Alicante , and the comarca of Alacantí . It is also a historic Mediterranean port . The population of the city of Alicante proper was 330,525 , estimated as of 2016 [ update ] , ranking as the second-largest Valencian city . Including nearby municipalities , the Alicante conurbation had 452,462 residents . The population of the metropolitan area ( including Elche and satellite towns ) is 757,085 as of 2014 [ update ] estimates , ranking as the eighth-largest metropolitan area of Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'Community Plant Variety Office', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Community_Plant_Variety_Office', 'summary': "The Community Plant Variety Office ( CPVO ) is an agency of the European Union , located in Angers , France . It was established in 1994 . Its task is to administer a system of plant variety rights , also known as plant breeders ' rights , a form of intellectual property right relating to plants . The CPVO manages the largest system of plant variety rights in the World . Since the creation of the CPVO in 1995 the office has received over 61,000 , of which it granted over 47,000 applications , with over 25,000 titles currently in force ."}]}, {'value': 'CPVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angers', 'summary': 'Angers ( UK : /ˈɒ̃ʒeɪ/ , US : /ɒ̃ˈʒeɪ , ˈændʒərz/ , French : [ ɑ̃ʒe ] ( listen ) ) is a city in western France , about 300 km ( 190 mi ) southwest of Paris . It is chef-lieu of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution . The inhabitants of both the city and the province are called Angevins . Not including the metropolitan area , Angers is the third most populous commune in northwestern France after Nantes and Rennes and the 17th in France . For centuries , Angers was an important stronghold in northwestern France . It was the cradle of the Plantagenet dynasty and became one of the intellectual centers of Europe during the reign of René of Anjou . Angers developed at the confluence of three rivers , the Mayenne , the Sarthe , and the Loir , all coming from the north and flowing south to the Loire . Their confluence , just north of Angers , creates the Maine , a short but wide river that flows into the Loire several kilometres south . The Angers metropolitan area is a major economic centre in western France , particularly active in industry , horticulture , and tourism . Angers proper covers 42.70 square kilometers ( 16.5 sq mi ) and has a population of 147,305 inhabitants , while around 394,700 live in its metropolitan area . The Angers Loire Métropole is made up of 30 communes covering 540 square kilometers ( 208 square miles ) with 287,000 inhabitants . Angers enjoys a rich cultural life , made possible by its universities and museums .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Translation_Centre_for_the_Bodies_of_the_European_Union', 'summary': 'The Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union ( CdT ) is an EU agency based in Luxembourg City . Its primary role is to cater for the diverse multilingual communication needs of the EU agencies and other EU bodies . In addition , it may be called upon by the EU institutions to absorb any surplus work they may have . The Centre also contributes to interinstitutional cooperation between the EUs various translation services with the aim of promoting the use of EU terminology and the sharing of best practices and tools in the language field . The Centre provides services in the 24 official EU languages and in various non-EU languages , involving over 700 language combinations in total .'}]}, {'value': 'CdT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luxembourg City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luxembourg_City', 'summary': "Luxembourg ( Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg , French : Luxembourg , German : Luxemburg ) , [ pron 1 ] also known as Luxembourg City ( Luxembourgish : Stad Lëtzebuerg or d'Stad , French : Ville de Luxembourg , German : Stadt Luxemburg , Luxemburg-Stadt ) , [ pron 2 ] is the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , and the country 's most populous commune . Standing at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg , the city lies at the heart of Western Europe , situated 213 km ( 132 mi ) by road from Brussels , 372 km ( 231 mi ) from Paris , and 209 km ( 130 mi ) from Cologne . The city contains Luxembourg Castle , established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages , around which a settlement developed . As of 31 December 2019 [ update ] , Luxembourg City has a population of 122,273 inhabitants , which is more than three times the population of the country 's second most populous commune ( Esch-sur-Alzette ) . The city 's population is composed of 160 nationalities . Foreigners represent 70% of the city 's population , while Luxembourgers represent 30% of the population , and the number of foreign born residents in the city is rising steadily each year . In 2011 , Luxembourg was ranked as having the second highest per capita GDP in the world at $ 80,119 ( PPP ) , with the city having developed into a banking and administrative centre . In the 2011 Mercer worldwide survey of 221 cities , Luxembourg was placed first for personal safety while it was ranked 19th for quality of living . Luxembourg is one of the de facto capitals of the European Union ( alongside Brussels , Frankfurt and Strasbourg ) , as it is the seat of several institutions , agencies and bodies of the European Union , including the European Court of Justice , the European Court of Auditors , the Secretariat of the European Parliament , the European Investment Bank , the European Investment Fund , and the European Stability Mechanism ."}]}, {'value': 'Luxembourg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luxembourg', 'summary': "Luxembourg ( /ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) LUK-səm-burg ; Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg [ ˈlətsəbuə̯ɕ ] ( listen ) ; French : Luxembourg ; German : Luxemburg ) , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , [ c ] is a landlocked country in western Europe . It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north , Germany to the east , and France to the south . Its capital , Luxembourg City , is one of the four official capitals of the European Union ( together with Brussels , Frankfurt , and Strasbourg ) and the seat of the European Court of Justice , the highest judicial authority in the EU . Its culture , people , and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours , making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures , as evident by the nation 's three official languages : French , German , and the national language of Luxembourgish . The repeated invasions by Germany , especially in World War II , resulted in the country 's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and , among other things , led to the foundation of the European Union . With an area of 2,586 square kilometres ( 998 sq mi ) , it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe . In 2019 , Luxembourg had a population of 613,894 , which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe , but by far the one with the highest population growth rate . Foreigners account for nearly half of Luxembourg 's population . As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch , it is headed by Grand Duke Henri and is the world 's only remaining sovereign grand duchy . Luxembourg is a developed country , with an advanced economy and one of the world 's highest GDP ( PPP ) per capita . The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city . The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963 , when count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc , little castle , and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Food Safety Authority', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority', 'summary': 'The European Food Safety Authority ( EFSA ) is the agency of the European Union ( EU ) that provides independent [ disputed ] scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain . EFSA was established in February 2002 , is based in Parma , Italy , and has a budget for 2016 of €79.5 million , and a total staff of 447 . The work of EFSA covers all matters with a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety , including animal health and welfare , plant protection and plant health and nutrition . EFSA supports the European Commission , the European Parliament and EU member states in taking effective and timely risk management decisions that ensure the protection of the health of European consumers and the safety of the food and feed chain . EFSA also communicates to the public in an open and transparent way on all matters within its remit .'}]}, {'value': 'EFSA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parma', 'summary': "Parma ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈparma ] ( listen ) ; Emilian : Pärma ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its architecture , music , art , prosciutto ( ham ) , cheese and surrounding countryside . It is home to the University of Parma , one of the oldest universities in the world . Parma is divided into two parts by the stream of the same name . The district on the far side of the river is Oltretorrente . Parma 's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called Parma . The Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci ( born in a hamlet in the countryside ) wrote : As a capital city it had to have a river . As a little capital it received a stream , which is often dry ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states observers European Commission , Iceland , Norway , Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Maritime Safety Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Maritime_Safety_Agency', 'summary': 'The European Maritime Safety Agency ( EMSA ) is a European Union agency charged with reducing the risk of maritime accidents , marine pollution from ships and the loss of human lives at sea by helping to enforce the pertinent EU legislation . It is headquartered in Lisbon .'}]}, {'value': 'EMSA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lisbon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lisbon', 'summary': "Lisbon ( /ˈlɪzbən/ ; Portuguese : Lisboa [ liʒˈboɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal , with an estimated population of 505,526 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2 . Lisbon 's urban area extends beyond the city 's administrative limits with a population of around 2.8 million people , being the 10th-most populous urban area in the European Union . About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area , which represents approximately 27% of the country 's population . It is mainland Europe 's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast . Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus . The westernmost portions of its metro area form the westernmost point of Continental Europe , which is known as Cabo da Roca , located in the Sintra Mountains . Lisbon is recognised as an alpha-level global city because of its importance in finance , commerce , media , entertainment , arts , international trade , education and tourism . Lisbon is one of two Portuguese cities ( alongside Porto ) to be recognised as a global city . It is one of the major economic centres on the continent , with a growing financial sector and one of the largest container ports on Europe 's Atlantic coast . Additionally , Humberto Delgado Airport served 29 million passengers in 2018 , being the busiest airport in Portugal , the 3rd busiest in the Iberian Peninsula and the 20th busiest in Europe . The motorway network and the high-speed rail system of Alfa Pendular links the main cities of Portugal to Lisbon . The city is the 9th-most-visited city in Southern Europe , after Rome , Istanbul , Barcelona , Milan , Venice , Madrid , Florence and Athens , with 3,320,300 tourists in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , Iceland , Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Aviation Safety Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Aviation_Safety_Agency', 'summary': 'The European Union Aviation Safety Agency or EASA is an agency of the European Union ( EU ) with responsibility for civil aviation safety . It carries out certification , regulation , and standardisation , and also performs investigation and monitoring . : §4.3 It collects and analyses safety data , drafts and advises on safety legislation , and coordinates with similar organisations in other parts of the world . : §4.3 The idea of a European-level aviation safety authority goes back to 1996 , but the agency was not legally established until 2002 . It began its work in 2003. : §4.3'}]}, {'value': 'EASA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cologne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cologne', 'summary': "Cologne ( English : /kəˈloʊn/ kə-LOHN ; German : Köln [ kœln ] ( listen ) ; Kölsch : Kölle [ ˈkœlə ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city of Germany 's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city in Germany . With slightly over a million inhabitants ( 1.08 million ) within its city boundaries , Cologne is the largest city on the Rhine and also the most populous city both of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region , which is Germany 's largest and one of Europe 's major metropolitan areas , and of the Rhineland . Centered on the left bank of the Rhine , Cologne is about 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia 's capital of Düsseldorf and 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) northwest of Bonn . It is the largest city in the Central Franconian and Ripuarian dialect areas . The city 's Cologne Cathedral ( Kölner Dom ) is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne . There are many institutions of higher education in the city , most notably the University of Cologne ( Universität zu Köln ) , one of Europe 's oldest and largest universities , the Technical University of Cologne ( Technische Hochschule Köln ) , Germany 's largest university of applied sciences , and the German Sport University Cologne ( Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln ) , Germany 's only sport university . Cologne Bonn Airport ( Flughafen Köln/Bonn ) is Germany 's seventh-largest airport and lies in the southeast of the city . The main airport for the Rhine-Ruhr region is Düsseldorf Airport . Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium , the first word of which is the origin of its name . An alternative Latin name of the settlement is Augusta Ubiorum , after the Ubii . Cologne , the French version of the city 's name , has become standard in English as well . Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462 ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway , Switzerland observers : Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , North Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , UNMIK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_Kosovo', 'summary': "The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo [ a ] ( UNMIK ) is the officially mandated mission of the United Nations in Kosovo . Currently , UNMIK describes its mandate as being to help the Security Council achieve an overall objective , namely , to ensure conditions for a peaceful and normal life for all inhabitants of Kosovo and advance regional stability in the western Balkans . UNMIK was established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1244 , which was passed on 10 June 1999 . In that Resolution , the UN decided to [ deploy ] in Kosovo , under United Nations auspices , [ an ] international civil and security [ presence ] . UNMIK still exists today , but its day-to-day functions are relatively minor since Kosovo declared independence and adopted a new constitution , and following the creation of the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo ( EULEX ) , which itself operates within the framework of Security Council Resolution 1244 . EULEX assists and supports the Kosovo authorities in the rule of law area , specifically in the police , judiciary and customs areas . In September 2012 , international supervision ended , and Kosovo became responsible for its own governance . The Assembly of Kosovo adopted the declaration of independence on 17 February 2008 ; Kosovo Serb parliamentarians boycotted the session . Kosovo is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian ( and previously , the Yugoslav ) government and Kosovo 's largely ethnic Albanian population . A clear majority of the Kosovo 's population support Kosovo 's independence . Internationally , 112 of the United Nations 193 member states ( including a majority of European countries ) have recognised Kosovo 's independence . The head of UNMIK is the Special Representative of the Secretary-General ( 'SRSG ' ) and is appointed by the Secretary-General under the advice of UN member states ."}]}, {'value': 'European Network and Information Security Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Network_and_Information_Security_Agency', 'summary': "The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity - self-designation ENISA from the abbreviation of its original name - is an agency of the European Union . It is fully operational since September 1 , 2005 . The Agency is located in Athens , Greece and has a second office in Heraklion , Greece . ENISA was created in 2004 by EU Regulation No 460/2004 under the name of European Network and Information Security Agency . ENISA 's Regulation is the EU Regulation No 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on ENISA ( the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity ) and on information and communications technology cybersecurity certification and repealing EU Regulation No 526/2013 ( Cybersecurity Act ) . The Agency works closely together with the EU Members States and other stakeholders to deliver advice and solutions as well as improving their cybersecurity capabilities . It also supports the development of a cooperative response to large-scale cross-border cybersecurity incidents or crises and since 2019 , it has been drawing up cybersecurity certification schemes . ENISA assists the Commission , the member states and , consequently , the business community in meeting the requirements of network and information security , including present and future EU legislation . ENISA ultimately strives to serve as a centre of expertise for both member states and EU Institutions to seek advice on matters related to network and information security . ENISA has been supporting the organization of the Cyber Europe pan-European cybersecurity exercises since 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'ENISA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heraklion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heraklion', 'summary': 'Heraklion or Iraklion ( /hɪˈrækliən/ ; Greek : Ηράκλειο , Irákleio , pronounced [ iˈraklio ] ) is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit . It is the fifth largest city in Greece with a population of 140,730 according to the 2011 census . The population of the municipality was 173,993 . The Bronze Age palace of Knossos , also known as the Palace of Minos , is located nearby . Heraklion was Europes fastest growing tourism destination for 2017 , according to Euromonitor , with an 11.2% growth in international arrivals . According to the ranking , Heraklion was ranked as the 20th most visited region in Europe , as the 66th area on the Planet and as the 2nd in Greece for the year 2017 , with 3.2 million visitors and the 19th in Europe for 2018 , with 3,4 million visitors .'}]}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}]}, {'value': 'European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control', 'summary': "The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ( ECDC ) is an independent agency of the European Union ( EU ) whose mission is to strengthen Europe 's defences against infectious diseases . The Centre was established in 2004 and is located in Solna , Sweden ."}]}, {'value': 'ECDC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , European Parliament observers : Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Parliament', 'summary': "The European Parliament ( EP ) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions . Together with the Council of the European Union , it adopts European legislation , normally on a proposal from the European Commission . The Parliament is composed of 705 members ( MEPs ) . The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world ( after the Parliament of India ) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world ( 375 million eligible voters in 2009 ) . Since 1979 , it has been directly elected every five years by European Union citizens , using universal suffrage . Voter turnout for parliamentary elections has decreased at each election after 1979 until 2019 , when the voter turnout increased by 8 percentage points and went above 50% for the first time since 1994 . Voting age is 18 in all member states except Malta and Austria , where it is 16 , and Greece , where it is 17 . Although the European Parliament has legislative power , as does the Council , it does not formally possess legislative initiative ( which is the prerogative of the European Commission ) , as most national parliaments of European Union member states do . The Parliament is the first institution of the EU ( mentioned first in the treaties , having ceremonial precedence over all authority at the European level ) , and shares equal legislative and budgetary powers with the Council ( except in a few areas where the special legislative procedures apply ) . It likewise has equal control over the EU budget . Finally , the European Commission , the executive body of the EU ( it exercises executive powers , but no legislative ones other than legislative initiative ) , is accountable to Parliament . In particular , Parliament can decide whether or not to approve the European Council 's nominee for the President of the Commission , and it is further tasked with approving ( or rejecting ) the appointment of the Commission as a whole ."}]}, {'value': 'European GNSS Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_GNSS_Agency', 'summary': 'The European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency ( European GNSS Agency ; GSA ; formerly European GNSS Supervisory Authority ) is the agency of the European Union ( EU ) that aims to ensure that essential public interests are properly defended and represented in connection with satellite navigation programmes of the union : Galileo and European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service ( EGNOS ) . The aim of the former is to provide a modern European alternative to the established American system , GPS . Established in 2004 and based in Prague , Czech Republic , since 1 September 2012 , the agency is responsible for managing and monitoring the use of the program funds . It will help the European Commission deal with any matters relating to satellite radio-navigation . In June 2018 , the European Commission proposed that the agency be transformed into an EU Agency for the Space Programme , with oversight of space situational awareness . As of 2019 , it has been proposed by the European Commission that the agency would be transformed and expanded into the European Union Agency for the Space Programme .'}]}, {'value': 'GSA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Republic', 'summary': "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission observers : Norway , European Space Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Space_Agency', 'summary': "The European Space Agency pronunciation ( help·info ) ( ESA ; French : Agence spatiale européenne pronunciation ( help·info ) , ASE ; German : Europäische Weltraumorganisation ) is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space . Established in 1975 and headquartered in Paris , ESA has a worldwide staff of about 2,200 in 2018 and an annual budget of about €6.68 billion ( ~US $ 7.43 billion ) in 2020 . ESA 's space flight programme includes human spaceflight ( mainly through participation in the International Space Station program ) ; the launch and operation of uncrewed exploration missions to other planets and the Moon ; Earth observation , science and telecommunication ; designing launch vehicles ; and maintaining a major spaceport , the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou , French Guiana . The main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 is operated through Arianespace with ESA sharing in the costs of launching and further developing this launch vehicle . The agency is also working with NASA to manufacture the Orion Spacecraft service module , that will fly on the Space Launch System . The agency 's facilities are distributed among the following centres :"}]}, {'value': 'European Railway Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Railway_Agency', 'summary': 'The European Union Agency for Railways ( ERA ) is the agency of the European Union ( EU ) that sets mandatory requirements for European railways and manufacturers in the form of Technical Specifications for Interoperability , which apply to the Trans-European Rail system . The ERA publishes a document summarizing the status of the TSIs . The ERA sets common safety targets , common safety methods and common safety indicators , following Directive 2004/49/EC and amendments . The ERA also hosts a number of databases , among which a register of remaining , applicable national rules .'}]}, {'value': 'ERA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valenciennes and Lille', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valenciennes', 'summary': 'Valenciennes ( /ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/ , also UK : /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/ , US : /-nz , vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn ( z ) / , French : [ valɑ̃sjɛn ] ( listen ) ; Dutch : Valencijn ; Picard : Valincyinne ; Latin : Valentianae ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France . It lies on the Scheldt ( French : Escaut ) river . Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990 , it has since rebounded . The 1999 census recorded that the population of the commune of Valenciennes was 41,278 , and that of the metropolitan area was 399,677 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lille', 'summary': "Lille ( /liːl/ LEEL ; French : [ lil ] ( listen ) ; Dutch : Rijsel [ ˈrɛisəl ] ; Picard : Lile ; West Flemish : Rysel ) is a city at the northern tip of France , in French Flanders . On the Deûle River , near France 's border with Belgium , it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region , the prefecture of the Nord department , and the main city of the European Metropolis of Lille . As of 2015 , Lille had a population of 232,741 within its administrative limits , . Lille is the first city of the Métropole Européenne de Lille with a population of 1,182,127 , making it the fourth largest urban area in France after Paris , Lyon and Marseille ."}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Fisheries Control Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Fisheries_Control_Agency', 'summary': 'The European Fisheries Control Agency ( EFCA ) is the agency of the European Union ( EU ) that co-ordinates the national operational activities in the area of fisheries , and assists the member states in their application of the Common Fisheries Policy ( CFP ) . The agency is based in Vigo , Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'EFCA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vigo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vigo', 'summary': "Vigo ( /ˈviːɡoʊ/ , Galician : [ ˈbiɣʊ ] , locally [ ˈbiħʊ ] , Spanish : [ ˈbiɣo ] ) is a city and municipality of Spain , part of the autonomous community of Galicia . Located in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula , it straddles on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean , the Ria de Vigo , the southernmost of the so-called Rías Baixas . Vigo is the most populated municipality of the province of Pontevedra and the whole region as well as also the biggest one in the country without the status of provincial capital . It has an area of 109.06 km2 ( 42.11 sq mi ) and had a population of 292,817 in 2016 . According to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística the city proper has 198,537 inhabitants , while the rest of the municipal population dwell in a number of rural and suburban parishes . Vigo is , along A Coruña , one of the region 's primary economic agents , owing in part to the Citroën automotive factory and to the Port of Vigo , reportedly the biggest fishing port in the world . Close to the Portugal-Spain border , Vigo is part of the Galicia-North Portugal Euroregion . The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo ."}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'European Chemicals Agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Chemicals_Agency', 'summary': "The European Chemicals Agency ( ECHA ; /ˈɛkə/ EK-ə ) is an agency of the European Union which manages the technical and administrative aspects of the implementation of the European Union regulation called Registration , Evaluation , Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals ( REACH ) . ECHA is the driving force among regulatory authorities in implementing the EU 's chemicals legislation . ECHA helps companies to comply with the legislation , advances the safe use of chemicals , provides information on chemicals and addresses chemicals of concern . It is located in Helsinki , Finland . The agency , currently headed by Executive Director Bjørn Hansen , started working on 1 June 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'ECHA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'members : EU states , European Commission , European Parliament observers : Iceland , Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_EU_member_states', 'summary': 'Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union . They include lists about politics , demographics and economics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Commission', 'summary': 'The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive branch of the European Union , responsible for proposing legislation , implementing decisions , upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU . Commissioners swear an oath at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg City , pledging to respect the treaties and to be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate . The Commissioners are proposed by the Council of the European Union , on the basis of suggestions made by the national governments , and then appointed by the European Council after the approval of the European Parliament . It is common , although not a formal requirement , that the commissioners have previously held senior political positions , such as being a member of the European Parliament or a government minister . This EU institution operates as a cabinet government , with 27 members of the Commission ( informally known as commissioners ) . There is one member per member state , but members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home state . One of the 27 is the Commission President ( currently Ursula von der Leyen ) proposed by the European Council and elected by the European Parliament . The Council of the European Union then nominates the other members of the Commission in agreement with the nominated President , and the 27 members as a single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament . The current Commission is the Von der Leyen Commission , which took office in December 2019 , following the European Parliament elections in May of the same year . The term Commission is variously used , either in the narrow sense of the 27-member College of Commissioners ( or College ) or to also include the administrative body of about 32,000 European civil servants who are split into departments called directorates-general and services . The procedural languages of the Commission are English , French and German . The Members of the Commission and their cabinets ( immediate teams ) are based in the Berlaymont building in Brussels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/European_Parliament', 'summary': "The European Parliament ( EP ) is the legislative branch of the European Union and one of its seven institutions . Together with the Council of the European Union , it adopts European legislation , normally on a proposal from the European Commission . The Parliament is composed of 705 members ( MEPs ) . The Parliament represents the second-largest democratic electorate in the world ( after the Parliament of India ) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world ( 375 million eligible voters in 2009 ) . Since 1979 , it has been directly elected every five years by European Union citizens , using universal suffrage . Voter turnout for parliamentary elections has decreased at each election after 1979 until 2019 , when the voter turnout increased by 8 percentage points and went above 50% for the first time since 1994 . Voting age is 18 in all member states except Malta and Austria , where it is 16 , and Greece , where it is 17 . Although the European Parliament has legislative power , as does the Council , it does not formally possess legislative initiative ( which is the prerogative of the European Commission ) , as most national parliaments of European Union member states do . The Parliament is the first institution of the EU ( mentioned first in the treaties , having ceremonial precedence over all authority at the European level ) , and shares equal legislative and budgetary powers with the Council ( except in a few areas where the special legislative procedures apply ) . It likewise has equal control over the EU budget . Finally , the European Commission , the executive body of the EU ( it exercises executive powers , but no legislative ones other than legislative initiative ) , is accountable to Parliament . In particular , Parliament can decide whether or not to approve the European Council 's nominee for the President of the Commission , and it is further tasked with approving ( or rejecting ) the appointment of the Commission as a whole ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Current agencies -- Decentralised agencies', 'section_text': "Distinct from the EU institutions , the agencies of the European Union are specialist bodies set up to advise the Institutions and Member States in areas that affect everyone living in the Union . [ 2 ] They are located in member states across the EU , from Dublin to Helsinki , Tallinn to Lisbon providing services , information , and know-how . The total budget of all the decentralised agencies is approximately 0.8% of the EU 's annual budget . [ 3 ]", 'uid': 'Agencies_of_the_European_Union_0', 'intro': 'An agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union (EU), which is distinct from the institutions. Agencies are established to accomplish specific tasks. Each agency has its own legal personality. Some answer the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level. There are more than forty agencies, divided into four groups:'}
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Which location contains the Agency which was established first ? Was it the locations which has an estimated population of 1,752,286 and makes up 33 % of Hungary citizens , or the city which is at a population of 794,128 ?
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Copenhagen
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ff7610325c8435de
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ECAC_Hockey_Player_of_the_Year', 'title': 'List of ECAC Hockey Player of the Year', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Position', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': '1961-62', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1961–62_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1961-62 NCAA men 's ice hockey season began in November 1961 and concluded with the 1962 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 17 , 1962 at the Utica Memorial Auditorium in Utica , New York . This was the 15th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 67th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . This was the premier season for ECAC Hockey which began as a conglomerate of 28 eastern schools among which 8 teams were selected by a committee to participate in a postseason tournament that would determine which university ( s ) would receive bids to the NCAA tournament . Due to the sheer number of schools and the lack of any scheduling criteria the teams played a vastly unbalanced schedule . As a result , the regular season standings were effectively immaterial in determining the conference tournament participants and the committee based their selections on which teams they felt were the best representatives . Despite already being in the Tri-State League Clarkson , Rensselaer and St. Lawrence were also founding members of ECAC Hockey and played concurrently in both conferences until the Tri-State League folded in 1972 . This was the first season for Minnesota-Duluth as a university sponsored program ."}]}, {'value': 'Ron Ryan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Ryan', 'summary': 'Ronald Ryan ( born July 11 , 1938 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey coach and executive .'}]}, {'value': 'Right wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Colby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colby_Mules', 'summary': "The Colby Mules ( formerly known as the White Mules ) are the varsity and club athletic teams of Colby College , a liberal arts college located in Waterville , Maine . Colby 's varsity teams compete in the New England Small College Athletic Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division III . The College offers 32 varsity teams , plus club sports , intramural sports called I-play ."}]}, {'value': '1962-63', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1962–63_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1962-63 NCAA men 's ice hockey season began in November 1962 and concluded with the 1963 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 16 , 1963 at the McHugh Forum in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . This was the 16th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 68th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Brinkworth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Rensselaer', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/RPI_Engineers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The RPI Engineers men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( RPI ) . The Engineers are a member of ECAC Hockey ( ECACH ) . They play at the Houston Field House in Troy , New York ."}]}, {'value': '1963-64', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1963–64_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1963-64 NCAA men 's ice hockey season began in November 1963 and concluded with the 1964 NCAA Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 21 , 1964 at the University of Denver Arena in Denver , Colorado . This was the 17th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 69th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . This was the final year where no distinction in classification was made for NCAA ice hockey . The following year saw 14 members of the ECAC drop down to a new College Division to separate teams on a more equal financial footing . While some would resurface at the D-I level in later years most would remain in the lower-tier leagues . This was the first season of play for both Wisconsin and Ohio State as university sponsored clubs . While both were members of the Big Ten Conference they did not play the other three member schools and thus did not qualify for the informal ice hockey conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Brinkworth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Rensselaer', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/RPI_Engineers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The RPI Engineers men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( RPI ) . The Engineers are a member of ECAC Hockey ( ECACH ) . They play at the Houston Field House in Troy , New York ."}]}, {'value': '1964-65', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1964–65_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1964-65 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1964 and concluded with the 1965 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 20 , 1965 at the Meehan Auditorium in Providence , Rhode Island . This was the 18th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 70th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . The ECAC conference was nearly halved before the season , going from 29 teams the previous year down to 15 . This happened due to the creation of a lower-tier division for the schools that could n't afford or were n't willing to compete with the wealthier universities . The lower tier would go through several changes over the years but continues to operate as the Division III level as well as the lone remaining Division II conference , Northeast-10 . ( as of 2016 )"}]}, {'value': 'John Cunniff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cunniff', 'summary': 'John Paul Cunniff ( July 9 , 1944 - May 10 , 2002 ) was an American NHL hockey coach and former professional player who appeared in 65 World Hockey Association regular season games between 1972 and 1976 . Cunniff was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': 'Left wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '1965-66', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1965–66_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1965-66 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1965 and concluded with the 1966 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 19 , 1966 , at the Williams Arena in Minneapolis , Minnesota . This was the 19th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 71st year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . Minnesota-Duluth joined the WCHA beginning with this season . Pennsylvania promoted their club program to varsity status and began playing as an independent ."}]}, {'value': 'Terry Yurkiewicz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Clarkson University . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 1962 , and play their home games at Cheel Arena in Potsdam , New York . Although it is said [ by whom ? ] that the first Clarkson hockey game was played in 1916 against the Hogansburg Indians , they were established as a hockey club in 1921 , under the tutelage of head coach Gordon Croskery , and led by captain Bill Johnson . The Knights won their opening encounter against Alexandria Bay , 6-4 , and finished the year with a 2-1 record , their first of 72 winning seasons ."}]}, {'value': '1966-67', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1966–67_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1966-67 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1966 and concluded with the 1967 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 18 , 1967 at the Onondaga County War Memorial in Syracuse , New York . This was the 20th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 72nd year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . New Hampshire returned to a partial University Division schedule but still qualified for the lower-tier ECAC playoffs for this and the following season . They would become a full-time top division program for the 1968-69 season . Cornell 's win was the first by an eastern team since 1954 ending the 12-year dominance of the WCHA . On June 7 1967 , Al Karlander became the first NCAA player to be selected in an NHL Draft ."}]}, {'value': 'Doug Ferguson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Cornell Big Red men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Cornell University . Cornell competes in the ECAC Hockey conference and plays its home games at Lynah Rink in Ithaca , New York . Six of the eight Ivy League schools sponsor men 's hockey and all six teams play in the twelve-team ECAC . The Ivy League crowns a champion based on the results of the games played between its members during the ECAC season . Cornell has won the ECAC Championship a record 12 times and has won the Ivy League Title 23 times , second to Harvard 's 25 . The 1970 Cornell Hockey team , coached by Ned Harkness was the first ( and currently only team ) in NCAA hockey history to win a national title while being undefeated and untied with a perfect 29-0-0 record . The Big Red 's archrival is the Harvard Crimson . The teams meet at least twice each season for installments of the historic Cornell-Harvard hockey rivalry ."}]}, {'value': '1967-68', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1967–68_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1967-68 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1967 and concluded with the 1968 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 16 , 1968 , at the Duluth Arena Auditorium in Duluth , Minnesota . This was the 21st season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 73rd year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . Pennsylvania joined ECAC Hockey beginning with this season ."}]}, {'value': 'Wayne Small', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'In ice hockey , a forward is a player position on the ice whose primary responsibility is to score and assist goals . Generally , the forwards try to stay in three different lanes , also known as thirds , of the ice going from goal to goal . It is not mandatory , however , to stay in a lane . Staying in a lane aids in forming the common offensive strategy known as a triangle . One forward obtains the puck and then the forwards pass it between themselves making the goalie move side to side . This strategy opens up the net for scoring opportunities . This strategy allows for a constant flow of the play , attempting to maintain the control of play by one team in the offensive zone . The forwards can pass to the defence players playing at the blue line , thus freeing up the play and allowing either a shot from the point ( blue line position where the defence stands ) or a pass back to the offence . This then begins the triangle again . Each team has three forwards in each line :'}]}, {'value': 'Brown', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Brown_Bears_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Brown Bears men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Brown University . The Bears are a member of ECAC Hockey . They play at the Meehan Auditorium in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': '1968-69', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1968–69_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1968-69 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1968 and concluded with the 1969 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 15 , 1969 at the Broadmoor World Arena in Colorado Springs , Colorado . This was the 22nd season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 74th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . Wisconsin was admitted into the WCHA beginning with this season . Because they now played each of the other three Big Ten teams they were included into the informal conference standings . Air Force and Notre Dame both begin to sponsor their ice hockey programs . Both teams start as independents ."}]}, {'value': 'Ken Dryden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ken_Dryden', 'summary': "Kenneth Wayne Dryden , PC OC , ( born August 8 , 1947 ) is a Canadian politician , lawyer , businessman , author , and former National Hockey League ( NHL ) goaltender . He is an officer of the Order of Canada and a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame . Dryden was a Liberal Member of Parliament from 2004 to 2011 , and served as a cabinet minister from 2004 to 2006 . In 2017 , Dryden was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history . He received the Order of Hockey in Canada in 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Cornell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Cornell Big Red men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Cornell University . Cornell competes in the ECAC Hockey conference and plays its home games at Lynah Rink in Ithaca , New York . Six of the eight Ivy League schools sponsor men 's hockey and all six teams play in the twelve-team ECAC . The Ivy League crowns a champion based on the results of the games played between its members during the ECAC season . Cornell has won the ECAC Championship a record 12 times and has won the Ivy League Title 23 times , second to Harvard 's 25 . The 1970 Cornell Hockey team , coached by Ned Harkness was the first ( and currently only team ) in NCAA hockey history to win a national title while being undefeated and untied with a perfect 29-0-0 record . The Big Red 's archrival is the Harvard Crimson . The teams meet at least twice each season for installments of the historic Cornell-Harvard hockey rivalry ."}]}, {'value': '1969-70', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1969–70_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1969-70 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1969 and concluded with the 1970 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 21 , 1970 , at the Olympic Arena in Lake Placid , New York . This was the 23rd season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 75th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . In 1969 the NCAA changed their bylaws to permit freshman to play on the Varsity team . Beginning with this season universities were permitted to not only have first-year students play for their teams but to also have said players earn letters for four seasons rather than the previous limit of three . As a consequence the WCHA offered both a Sophomore-of-the-Year and Freshman-of-the-Year awards with the previous being formally retired following the campaign . Cornell finished the 1969-70 season with an undefeated record of 24-0 , only the second flawless campaign in the modern history of Division I ice hockey . The previous unblemished season ( Clarkson in 1955-56 ) , however , came with a caveat as 8 Golden Knight players were 4-year seniors ( a violation of NCAA regulations at the time ) . As a result , the Clarkson team declined to play in the NCAA tournament . Cornell 's undefeated team had no such issues and was able to compete in , and win , both their conference tournament and the NCAA tournament to become the first and thus far only undefeated NCAA champion ( as of 2016 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Tim Sheehy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timothy_Sheehy_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "Timothy Kane Tim Sheehy ( born September 3 , 1948 in Fort Frances , Ontario and raised in nearby International Falls , Minnesota ) is a retired ice hockey player . Sheehy played Minnesota high school hockey for International Falls before joining the Boston College men 's ice hockey team . Sheehy , who has dual citizenship , also played for Team USA at the 1969 and 1971 Ice Hockey World Championship as well as the 1972 US Olympic hockey team that won the Silver Medal at the 1972 Winter Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '1970-71', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1970–71_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1970-71 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1970 and concluded with the 1971 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 20 , 1971 at the Onondaga War Memorial in Syracuse , New York . This was the 24th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 76th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . Saint Louis begins to sponsor their ice hockey program as an independent ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce Bullock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Bullock', 'summary': "Bruce John Bullock ( born May 9 , 1949 in Toronto , Ontario ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who spent parts of three seasons in the National Hockey League in the 1970s with the Vancouver Canucks . Playing for Clarkson University , Bullock was one of the most decorated college goaltenders of his era . He was named to the NCAA First Team All-American in goal in both 1970 and 1971 ( succeeding Hall of Famer Ken Dryden , who took the honor from 1967-69 ) , and was named ECAC Player of the Year in 1971 . He also led Clarkson to the 1970 NCAA title game , where they lost to Cornell . Following his college career , Bullock was signed by the Vancouver Canucks during training camp , and assigned to their farm team , the Rochester Americans . He was then loaned to the Chicago Black Hawks ' farm team in Dallas . When a position became available at the Canucks ' other farm team , the Seattle Totems , he was assigned there where he completed his rookie pro season . He caught a break in 1972-73 , when an injury to Canuck starter Dunc Wilson forced his recall from the minors . He appeared in 13 games for Vancouver , posting a 3-8-3 record with a 4.79 GAA , until his season ended due to a broken finger , requiring surgery . Bullock spent another four seasons in Vancouver 's organization , but never saw substantial NHL action , partially due to hand injuries . He made one start for the club in the 1974-75 campaign , and another appearance in 1976-77 . During his minor league career he helped the Seattle Totems upset the USSR national team in an exhibition game , and was instrumental in helping the Tulsa Oilers win the Adams Cup in 1975-76 ."}]}, {'value': 'Goaltender', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goaltender', 'summary': "In ice hockey , the goaltender or goalie is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team 's net , thus preventing the opposing team from scoring . The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease ( often referred to simply as the crease or the net ) . Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots . In today 's age of goaltending there are two common styles , butterfly and hybrid ( hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique ) . Because of the power of shots , the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact . The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice , as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game . One-on-one situations , such as breakaways and shootouts , have the tendency to highlight a goaltender 's pure skill , or lack thereof . No more than one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time . Teams are not required to use a goaltender and may instead opt to play with an additional skater , but the defensive disadvantage this poses generally means that the strategy is only used as a desperation maneuver when trailing late in a game or can be used if the opposing team has a delayed penalty ( if the team receiving the penalty touches the puck the play will stop ) . The goaltender is also known as the goalie , goaler , goalkeeper , net minder , and tender by those involved in the hockey community . In the early days of the sport , the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender . The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches , usually called the goalie coach who specialize exclusively in working with goaltenders ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Clarkson University . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 1962 , and play their home games at Cheel Arena in Potsdam , New York . Although it is said [ by whom ? ] that the first Clarkson hockey game was played in 1916 against the Hogansburg Indians , they were established as a hockey club in 1921 , under the tutelage of head coach Gordon Croskery , and led by captain Bill Johnson . The Knights won their opening encounter against Alexandria Bay , 6-4 , and finished the year with a 2-1 record , their first of 72 winning seasons ."}]}, {'value': '1971-72', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1971–72_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1971-72 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1971 and concluded with the 1972 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 18 , 1972 at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . This was the 25th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 77th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . This was the first year of play for the CCHA with former independents Ohio State and Saint Louis being joined by new programs from Bowling Green and Ohio . Notre Dame joined the WCHA . For the final time the ICAC awarded a trophy to the league champion ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Brown_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Robert Bob Brown ( born December 18 , 1950 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . He played parts of two WHA seasons for the Philadelphia Blazers , New York Raiders , New York Golden Blades and Jersey Knights . Brown was drafted in the sixth round of the 1970 NHL Amateur Draft by the Montreal Canadiens . As a youth , Brown played in the 1963 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Scarboro Lions minor ice hockey team .'}]}, {'value': 'Defenceman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defenceman', 'summary': 'Defence ( defense in the United States ) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring . They are often referred to as defencemen , D , D-men or blueliners ( the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone ; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone ) . They were once called cover-point . A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking . In regular play , two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice . Exceptions include overtime during the regular season and when a team is shorthanded ( i.e . has been assessed a penalty ) , in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender ; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman ( typically ) , or conversely , two defencemen and one forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '1972-73', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1972–73_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1972-73 NCAA University Division men 's ice hockey season began in November 1972 and concluded with the 1973 NCAA University Division Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 17 , 1973 at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . This was the 26th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 78th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . After the season Denver 's participation in the NCAA tournament was vacated due to violations of NCAA regulations . After the season Army was classified as a Division II squad as part of the NCAA 's numerical classification system . Lake Superior State began to sponsor their ice hockey program and the team was promptly admitted into the CCHA ."}]}, {'value': 'Tom Mellor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Mellor', 'summary': 'Thomas Robert Mellor ( born January 27 , 1950 ) is a retired American professional ice hockey defenseman .'}]}, {'value': 'Defenceman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defenceman', 'summary': 'Defence ( defense in the United States ) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring . They are often referred to as defencemen , D , D-men or blueliners ( the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone ; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone ) . They were once called cover-point . A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking . In regular play , two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice . Exceptions include overtime during the regular season and when a team is shorthanded ( i.e . has been assessed a penalty ) , in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender ; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman ( typically ) , or conversely , two defencemen and one forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college hockey program that represent Boston College in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . The team has competed in Hockey East since 1984 , having previously played in the ECAC . The Eagles have won five national championships , the most recent coming in 2012 . Home games have been played at Kelley Rink at Conte Forum , named after coach John Snooks Kelley , since 1988 , having previously played at McHugh Forum . The Eagles are coached by former Eagles forward Jerry York , who has won the most games of any head coach in NCAA hockey history , having surpassed Ron Mason 's 924th win on December 29 , 2012 . York is an alumnus of Boston College , a member of the class of 1967 ."}]}, {'value': '1973-74', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1973–74_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1973-74 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1973 and concluded with the 1974 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 16 , 1974 at the Boston Garden in Boston , Massachusetts . This was the 27th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 79th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . In the summer of 1973 the NCAA changed the classifications of the tiers in each of their sponsored sports . The University- and College-divisions were done away with and replaced by numerical designations making this the first official Division I season . The NIT held a competing ice hockey tournament for the first time . The tournament included NAIA champion Lake Superior State , ECAC 2 champion Vermont and two NCAA Division I schools ( Minnesota-Duluth and Saint Louis ) . Minnesota-Duluth won the championship but the tournament was not renewed for a second season ."}]}, {'value': 'Randy Roth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'In ice hockey , a forward is a player position on the ice whose primary responsibility is to score and assist goals . Generally , the forwards try to stay in three different lanes , also known as thirds , of the ice going from goal to goal . It is not mandatory , however , to stay in a lane . Staying in a lane aids in forming the common offensive strategy known as a triangle . One forward obtains the puck and then the forwards pass it between themselves making the goalie move side to side . This strategy opens up the net for scoring opportunities . This strategy allows for a constant flow of the play , attempting to maintain the control of play by one team in the offensive zone . The forwards can pass to the defence players playing at the blue line , thus freeing up the play and allowing either a shot from the point ( blue line position where the defence stands ) or a pass back to the offence . This then begins the triangle again . Each team has three forwards in each line :'}]}, {'value': 'Harvard', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Harvard Crimson men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Harvard University . The Crimson are a member of ECAC Hockey . They play at the Bright Hockey Center in Boston , Massachusetts . The Crimson hockey team is one of the oldest college ice hockey teams in the United States , having played their first game on January 19 , 1898 , in a 0-6 loss to Brown . The Crimson 's archrival is the Cornell Big Red . The teams meet at least twice each season for installments of the historic Cornell-Harvard hockey rivalry ."}]}, {'value': '1974-75', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1974–75_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1974-75 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1974 and concluded with the 1975 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 15 , 1975 at the St. Louis Arena in St. Louis , Missouri . This was the 28th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 80th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Ron Wilson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Wilson_(ice_hockey,_born_1955)', 'summary': "Ronald Lawrence Wilson ( born May 28 , 1955 ) is a Canadian-born American former professional ice hockey player and head coach . In his coaching career in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , he has coached the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , Washington Capitals , San Jose Sharks and Toronto Maple Leafs . He also was head coach of the United States men 's national ice hockey team at the 1998 and 2010 Winter Olympics . Wilson holds dual citizenship of the United States and Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Defenceman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defenceman', 'summary': 'Defence ( defense in the United States ) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring . They are often referred to as defencemen , D , D-men or blueliners ( the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone ; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone ) . They were once called cover-point . A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking . In regular play , two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice . Exceptions include overtime during the regular season and when a team is shorthanded ( i.e . has been assessed a penalty ) , in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender ; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman ( typically ) , or conversely , two defencemen and one forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Providence', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Providence_Friars_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Providence Friars men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Providence College . The Friars are a member of Hockey East . The skating Friars are currently coached by Nate Leaman has been the head coach of the skating Friars since 2011 , leading them to a national championship in 2015 . They play at the 3,030-seat Schneider Arena in Providence , Rhode Island ."}]}, {'value': '1975-76', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1975–76_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1975-76 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1975 and concluded with the 1976 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 27 , 1976 at the University of Denver Arena in Denver , Colorado . This was the 29th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 81st year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Brown_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Peter Brown ( born May 21 , 1954 ) is a retired American professional ice hockey defenseman . He was selected by the Atlanta Flames in the 7th round ( 118th overall ) of the 1974 NHL Entry Draft , and was also selected by the New England Whalers in the 3rd round ( 43rd overall ) of the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft . In January 1979 , the Toledo Goaldiggers traded Brown to the Fort Wayne Komets in exchange for goaltender Norm LaPointe .'}]}, {'value': 'Defenceman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defenceman', 'summary': 'Defence ( defense in the United States ) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring . They are often referred to as defencemen , D , D-men or blueliners ( the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone ; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone ) . They were once called cover-point . A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking . In regular play , two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice . Exceptions include overtime during the regular season and when a team is shorthanded ( i.e . has been assessed a penalty ) , in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender ; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman ( typically ) , or conversely , two defencemen and one forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston University', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boston_University_Terriers_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': 'The Boston University Terriers mens ice hockey program is one of the most storied teams in NCAA Division I hockey , playing its first ever game in 1918 and winning five national championships , while making twenty-two appearances in the Frozen Four . BU has won twelve major conference tournament championships as well as 30 titles in the historic Beanpot tournament featuring the four major Boston collegiate hockey teams . BU played in the Eastern College Athletic Conference ( ECAC ) from 1961 to 1984 , winning five tournament championships ; and has since competed in the Hockey East Association , winning seven tournament titles . Mens ice hockey is the most popular sport at Boston University and has a large fan base on campus and among BU alumni nationwide .'}]}, {'value': '1976-77', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1976–77_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1976-77 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1976 and concluded with the 1977 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 26 , 1977 at the Olympia Stadium in Detroit , Michigan . This was the 30th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 82nd year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Dave Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Taylor_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': "David Andrew Taylor ( born December 4 , 1955 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) with the Los Angeles Kings from 1977 to 1994 . Following his playing career , he served as the Kings ' general manager from 1997 to 2006 , and currently serves as Vice President of Hockey Operations with the NHL 's St. Louis Blues ."}]}, {'value': 'Right wing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Winger , in the game of ice hockey , is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area . They typically work by flanking the centre forward . Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink . Nowadays , there are different types of wingers in the game - out-and-out goal scorers , checkers who disrupt the opponents , and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners . They tend to be bigger than centreman and smaller than defenseman . This position is commonly referred to by the side of the rink that the winger normally takes , i.e . left wing or right wing .'}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Clarkson University . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 1962 , and play their home games at Cheel Arena in Potsdam , New York . Although it is said [ by whom ? ] that the first Clarkson hockey game was played in 1916 against the Hogansburg Indians , they were established as a hockey club in 1921 , under the tutelage of head coach Gordon Croskery , and led by captain Bill Johnson . The Knights won their opening encounter against Alexandria Bay , 6-4 , and finished the year with a 2-1 record , their first of 72 winning seasons ."}]}, {'value': '1977-78', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1977–78_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1977-78 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1977 and concluded with the 1978 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 25 , 1978 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence , Rhode Island . This was the 31st season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 83rd year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Lance Nethery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lance_Nethery', 'summary': 'Lance Nethery ( born June 28 , 1957 ) is a former professional ice hockey centre and coach , and current executive .'}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Cornell', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Cornell Big Red men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Cornell University . Cornell competes in the ECAC Hockey conference and plays its home games at Lynah Rink in Ithaca , New York . Six of the eight Ivy League schools sponsor men 's hockey and all six teams play in the twelve-team ECAC . The Ivy League crowns a champion based on the results of the games played between its members during the ECAC season . Cornell has won the ECAC Championship a record 12 times and has won the Ivy League Title 23 times , second to Harvard 's 25 . The 1970 Cornell Hockey team , coached by Ned Harkness was the first ( and currently only team ) in NCAA hockey history to win a national title while being undefeated and untied with a perfect 29-0-0 record . The Big Red 's archrival is the Harvard Crimson . The teams meet at least twice each season for installments of the historic Cornell-Harvard hockey rivalry ."}]}, {'value': '1978-79', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1978–79_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1978-79 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1978 and concluded with the 1979 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 24 , 1979 at the Olympia Stadium in Detroit , Michigan . This was the 32nd season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 84th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Ralph Cox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Cox', 'summary': "Ralph Cox ( born February 27 , 1957 ) is a retired American professional ice hockey player . He was selected by the Boston Bruins in the 7th round ( 122nd overall ) of the 1977 NHL Entry Draft . Cox played his high school hockey at Archbishop Williams High School in Braintree , Massachusetts , USA and is one of the best players in program history . Cox then played NCAA hockey with the New Hampshire Wildcats men 's ice hockey team . He was NCAA First-Team All-Conference in 1978-79 and ECAC Hockey Player of the Year in 1979 . Cox was the team 's leading goal-scorer for three consecutive years and is the only University of New Hampshire player to ever score 40 goals in two different seasons . He was the last player cut from the famed 1980 Mens Olympic Hockey Team that won the gold medal at Lake Placid . Cox was inducted into the New Hampshire Athletics Hall of Fame in 1986 . He then joined the Pittsburgh Penguins as a scout . He won two Stanley Cup rings ( in 1991 and 1992 ) . His name was engraved on the Stanley Cup in 1992 , something reserved usually for players ."}]}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'New Hampshire', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/New_Hampshire_Wildcats_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The New Hampshire Wildcats men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of New Hampshire . The Wildcats are a member of Hockey East . They play at the Whittemore Center Arena in Durham , New Hampshire ."}]}, {'value': '1979-80', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1979–80_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1979 and concluded with the 1980 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 29 , 1980 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence , Rhode Island . This was the 33rd season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 85th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team ."}]}, {'value': 'Craig Homola', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'The centre ( or center in the United States ) in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice , away from the sideboards . Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player . Centres are ideally stronger , faster skaters who can back-check quickly from deep in the opposing zone . Generally , centres are expected to be gifted passers more than goal scorers , although there are exceptions . They are also expected to have exceptional ice vision , intelligence , and creativity . They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice . Centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving .'}]}, {'value': 'Vermont', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Vermont_Catamounts_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Vermont Catamounts men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents the University of Vermont . The Catamounts are a member of Hockey East , joining in 2005 after competing in ECAC Hockey from 1974-2005 . They play home games at Gutterson Fieldhouse in Burlington , Vermont . Vermont has appeared in the NCAA Men 's Hockey Championship five times since making the move to Division I in 1974-75 including trips to the Frozen Four in 1996 and 2009 . Prior to moving to Division I , UVM competed in ECAC Division II , where it won back-to-back ECAC Division II titles in 1972-73 and 1973-74 . Since 1990 , the Catamounts have hosted what is now known as the Catamount Cup tournament , winning the title five times ."}]}, {'value': '1980-81', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1980–81_NCAA_Division_I_men's_ice_hockey_season", 'summary': "The 1980-81 NCAA Division I men 's ice hockey season began in October 1980 and concluded with the 1981 NCAA Division I Men 's Ice Hockey Tournament 's championship game on March 28 , 1981 at the Duluth Arena in Duluth , Minnesota . This was the 34th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 86th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team . For the first time the Hobey Baker Award was conferred after the conclusion of the regular season . After the season four teams from the WCHA left to join the CCHA . As a result of dividing the four Big Ten schools that had previously been in the WCHA the Big Ten stopped declaring a conference ice hockey champion until the formation of a separate conference in 2013-14 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ed Small', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Defenceman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defenceman', 'summary': 'Defence ( defense in the United States ) in ice hockey is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring . They are often referred to as defencemen , D , D-men or blueliners ( the latter a reference to the blue line in ice hockey which represents the boundary of the offensive zone ; defencemen generally position themselves along the line to keep the puck in the zone ) . They were once called cover-point . A good defenceman is both strong in defensive and offensive play and for defenceman pairing also need to be good at defending and attacking . In regular play , two defencemen complement three forwards and a goaltender on the ice . Exceptions include overtime during the regular season and when a team is shorthanded ( i.e . has been assessed a penalty ) , in which two defencemen are typically joined by only two forwards and a goaltender ; in National Hockey League play in overtime effective with the 2015-16 season the teams have only three position players and a goaltender on the ice and may use either two forwards and one defenceman ( typically ) , or conversely , two defencemen and one forward .'}]}, {'value': 'Clarkson', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Clarkson_Golden_Knights_men's_ice_hockey", 'summary': "The Clarkson Golden Knights men 's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Clarkson University . The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 1962 , and play their home games at Cheel Arena in Potsdam , New York . Although it is said [ by whom ? ] that the first Clarkson hockey game was played in 1916 against the Hogansburg Indians , they were established as a hockey club in 1921 , under the tutelage of head coach Gordon Croskery , and led by captain Bill Johnson . The Knights won their opening encounter against Alexandria Bay , 6-4 , and finished the year with a 2-1 record , their first of 72 winning seasons ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_ECAC_Hockey_Player_of_the_Year_0', 'intro': 'The ECAC Hockey Player of the Year is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the ECAC Hockey regular season to the best player in the conference as voted by the coaches of each ECAC team. The Player of the Year was first awarded in 1962 and every year thereafter. Four players (Bob Brinkworth, Scott Fusco, Chase Polacek and Jimmy Vesey) have received the award two separate times, each doing so in consecutive years. The award has been split twice in its history, 2002-03 and 2013-14.'}
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What city was the 1970-71 ECAC Hockey Player of the Year born ?
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Toronto
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ff76b821830ba58b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goya_Award_for_Best_European_Film', 'title': 'Goya Award for Best European Film', 'header': ['Country', 'Awards', 'Nominations'], 'data': [{'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '41', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungary', 'summary': "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Awards by nation', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Goya_Award_for_Best_European_Film_0', 'intro': "The Goya Award for Best European Film (Spanish: Premio Goya a la mejor película europea) is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards."}
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The nation with five nominations and one award is made up of how many islands ?
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443
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ff794a2849589d1c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Eagle_Scouts', 'title': 'List of Eagle Scouts', 'header': ['Name', 'Eagle Scout', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'James Jabara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Jabara', 'summary': "James Jabby Jabara ( 10 October 1923 - 17 November 1966 ) was the first American and United States Air Force jet ace . Born in Oklahoma , he lived in Kansas where he enlisted as an aviation cadet at Fort Riley after graduating from high school . Jabara attended four flying schools in Texas before he received his pilot 's wings and was commissioned as a second lieutenant . Jabara flew two tours of combat duty in Europe during World War II as a North American P-51 Mustang pilot , and scored 1.5 air victories against German aircraft . Jabara flew his first jet aircraft in 1948 , the USAF Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star before transitioning to the USAF North American F-86 Sabre . Jabara used this aircraft to shoot down multiple Soviet-built MiG-15 jets during the Korean War . He achieved his first confirmed air victory of the war on 3 April 1951 . A month later he was credited with his fifth and sixth victories , making him the first American jet ace in history . He eventually scored 15 victories , giving him the title of triple ace . Jabara was ranked as the second-highest-scoring U.S. ace of the Korean War . He received the Distinguished Service Cross , Silver Star , Distinguished Flying Cross , Air Medal , and the British Distinguished Flying Cross for his accomplishments in combat . Jabara next held a series of commands at various Air Force bases across the United States ."}]}, {'value': '1939 c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Air Force Colonel . Triple jet fighter ace', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grant James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grant_James', 'summary': "Grant James ( born August 17 , 1987 ) is an American rower . He competed in the Men 's eight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics , with his twin brother Ross ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rower who competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Ross James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ross_James', 'summary': "Ross James ( born August 17 , 1987 ) is an American rower . He competed in the Men 's eight event at the 2012 Summer Olympics with his twin brother Grant ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rower who competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Larry Janesky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Janesky', 'summary': 'Lawrence Larry Janesky is an American businessman , entrepreneur , author and trainer . Janesky is the founder and CEO of Contractor Nation , Basement Systems Inc . He is the co-founder of Total Basement Finishing , Inc. , Foundation Supportworks , Inc. , and Dr. Energy Saver , Inc .'}]}, {'value': '1980 c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Founder and CEO of Connecticut Basement Systems and other companies', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gregory H. Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gregory_H._Johnson', 'summary': 'Gregory Harold Box Johnson ( born May 12 , 1962 ) is a British-Born NASA astronaut and a retired colonel in the United States Air Force . Johnson is a veteran of two space flights , STS-123 and STS-134 . He served as pilot on his first mission , which delivered the Kibo logistics module and the Dextre robot arm to the International Space Station . Johnson was also assigned as the pilot to the STS-134 mission , which launched on May 16 , 2011 and landed on June 1 , 2011 . Greg Johnson has also served in numerous roles for NASA including as a Capcom for several missions . At present time Gregory H. Johnson ( Colonel , USAF , Ret . ) is the President and Executive Director for the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space ( CASIS ) .'}]}, {'value': '1978 c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Astronaut who flew on shuttle mission STS-123', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-123', 'summary': "STS-123 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) which was flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . STS-123 was the 1J/A ISS assembly mission . The original launch target date was 14 February 2008 but after the delay of STS-122 , the shuttle was launched on 11 March 2008 . It was the twenty-fifth shuttle mission to visit the ISS , and delivered the first module of the Japanese laboratory , Japanese Experiment Module ( Kibō ) , and the Canadian Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator , ( SPDM ) Dextre robotics system to the station . The mission duration was 15 days and 18 hours , and it was the first mission to fully utilize the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System ( SSPTS ) , allowing space station power to augment the shuttle power systems . The mission set a record for a shuttle 's longest stay at the ISS ."}]}, {'value': 'Jay L. Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jay_L._Johnson', 'summary': 'Jay L. Johnson ( born June 5 , 1946 ) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the 26th Chief of Naval Operations from 1996 to 2000 . He was later president and chief executive officer of General Dynamics .'}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navy admiral and fighter pilot , 26th Chief of Naval Operations ( 1996-2000 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations', 'summary': 'The Chief of Naval Operations ( CNO ) is the head of the United States Navy . The position is a statutory office ( 10 U.S.C . § 5033 ) held by a four-star admiral who is a military adviser and deputy to the Secretary of the Navy . In a separate capacity as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ( 10 U.S.C . § 151 ) the CNO is a military adviser to the National Security Council , the Homeland Security Council , the Secretary of Defense , and the President . The current Chief of Naval Operations is Admiral Michael M. Gilday . Despite the title , the CNO does not have operational command authority over Naval forces . The CNO is an administrative position based in the Pentagon , and exercises supervision of Navy organizations as the designee of the Secretary of the Navy . Operational command of naval forces falls within the purview of the Combatant Commanders who report to the Secretary of Defense .'}]}, {'value': 'James Vann Johnston Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Vann_Johnston_Jr.', 'summary': 'James Vann Johnston Jr. ( born October 16 , 1959 ) is an American bishop of the Catholic Church . He is the Bishop of Kansas City-St. Joseph . He served as the Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau from 2008 to 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '1975 c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roman Catholic Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Springfield-Cape_Girardeau', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau ( Latin : Dioecesis Campifontis-Capitis Girardeauensis ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in Missouri . The diocese is governed by Bishop Edward M. Rice .'}]}, {'value': 'E. Fay Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E._Fay_Jones', 'summary': "Euine Fay Jones ( January 31 , 1921 - August 30 , 2004 ) was an American architect and designer . An apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright during his professional career , Jones is the only one of Wright 's disciples to have received the AIA Gold Medal ( 1990 ) , the highest honor awarded by the American Institute of Architects . His Thorncrown Chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 , only 20 years after it was built , in recognition of its architectural significance . It has also received a special 25-Year Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects and other professional recognition ."}]}, {'value': '1937 c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navy pilot during World War II ; architect and designer ; apprentice of Frank Lloyd Wright ; University of Arkansas School of Architecture is named in his honor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright', 'summary': 'Frank Lloyd Wright ( June 8 , 1867 - April 9 , 1959 ) was an American architect , interior designer , writer , and educator , whose creative period spanned more than 70 years , designing more than 1,000 structures , of which 532 were completed . Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment , a philosophy he called organic architecture . This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater ( 1935 ) , which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture . As a founder of organic architecture , Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century , influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works . Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture , and he also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City , his unique vision for urban planning in the United States . In addition to his houses , Wright designed original and innovative offices , churches , schools , skyscrapers , hotels , museums , and other structures . He often designed interior elements for these buildings , as well , including furniture and stained glass . Wright wrote 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and Europe . Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as the greatest American architect of all time . In 2019 , a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright . Raised in rural Wisconsin , Wright studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin and then apprenticed in Chicago with noted architects Joseph Lyman Silsbee and Louis Sullivan . He opened his own successful Chicago practice in 1893 , and developed an influential home and studio in Oak Park , Illinois .'}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Arkansas_School_of_Architecture', 'summary': 'The Fay Jones School of Architecture and Design at the University of Arkansas offers education in these fields : architecture , landscape architecture , interior design .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas David Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_David_Jones', 'summary': 'Thomas David Jones ( born January 22 , 1955 ) is a former United States astronaut . He was selected to the astronaut corps in 1990 and completed four space shuttle flights before retiring in 2001 . He flew on STS-59 and STS-68 in 1994 , STS-80 in 1996 and STS-98 in 2001 . His total mission time was 53 days 48 minutes . He works as a planetary scientist , space operations consultant , astronaut speaker , and author .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Astronaut who flew on shuttle missions STS-59 , STS-68 and STS-80', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-59', 'summary': 'STS-59 was a Space Shuttle program mission that took place in 1994 . The launch was chronicled by the 1994 Discovery Channel special about the Space Shuttle program .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-68', 'summary': 'STS-68 was a human spaceflight mission using Space Shuttle Endeavour that launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida on 30 September 1994 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-80', 'summary': 'STS-80 was a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Columbia . The launch was originally scheduled for 31 October 1996 , but was delayed to 19 November for several reasons . Likewise , the landing , which was originally scheduled for 5 December , was pushed back to 7 December after bad weather prevented landing for two days . The mission was the longest Shuttle mission ever flown at 17 days , 15 hours , and 53 minutes . Although two spacewalks were planned for the mission , they were both canceled after problems with the airlock hatch prevented astronauts Tom Jones and Tammy Jernigan from exiting the orbiter .'}]}, {'value': 'Darwin Judge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McMahon_and_Judge', 'summary': 'Charles McMahon ( May 10 , 1953 - April 29 , 1975 ) and Darwin Lee Judge ( February 16 , 1956 - April 29 , 1975 ) were the last two United States servicemen killed in Vietnam during the Vietnam War . The two men , both U.S. Marines , were killed in a rocket attack one day before the Fall of Saigon . Charles McMahon , 11 days short of his 22nd birthday , was a Corporal from Woburn , Massachusetts . Darwin Judge was a 19-year-old Lance Corporal and Eagle Scout from Marshalltown , Iowa .'}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marine who was an embassy security guard and was one of the last two US servicemen killed in the Vietnam War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marine_Security_Guard', 'summary': 'A Marine Security Guard ( MSG ) , also known as a Marine Embassy Guard , is a member of the Marine Corps Embassy Security Group ( formerly Marine Security Guard Battalion ) , a battalion-sized organization of the United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) whose detachments provide security at American embassies , American consulates and other official United States Government offices such as the United States Mission to NATO in Brussels , Belgium . The Marine Security Guard was designated MOS 8151 , though this has changed to MOS 8156 . The USMC has a long history of cooperation with the U.S. State Department , going back to the early days of the country . From the raising of the American flag at Derna , Tripoli , and the secret mission of Archibald H. Gillespie in California , to the Boxer Rebellion at Peking , Marines have served many times on special missions as couriers , as guards for embassies and delegations , and to protect American citizens in unsettled areas . The formal and permanent use of Marines as security guards began with the Foreign Service Act of 1946 , which authorized the Secretary of Navy to , upon the request of the Secretary of State , assign Marines to serve as custodians under the supervision of the senior diplomatic officer at a diplomatic post . The first joint Memorandum of Agreement was signed on 15 December 1948 regarding the provisions of assigning Marines overseas . Trained at the Foreign Service Institute , the first Marines arrived at Tangier and Bangkok in early 1949 . The Marine Corps assumed the primary training responsibility in November 1954 . The authority granted in the Foreign Service Act of 1946 has since been replaced by 10 U.S.C . § 8183 and the most recent Memorandum of Agreement was signed in August 2008 . Although embassy duty is a crucial aspect of the Marines mission with a long tradition , the Corps is only budgeted to train and maintain a limited cadre of guards to cover over 100 embassies worldwide . In response to the 2012 Benghazi attack , Congress ordered a near doubling of Marine Security Guards in the midst of a post-war drawdown in overall USMC numbers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vietnam_War', 'summary': "The Vietnam War ( Vietnamese : Chiến tranh Việt Nam ) , also known as the Second Indochina War , and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America ( Vietnamese : Kháng chiến chống Mỹ ) or simply the American War , was a conflict in Vietnam , Laos , and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 [ A 1 ] to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975 . It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam . North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union , China , and other communist allies ; South Vietnam was supported by the United States , South Korea , the Philippines , Australia , Thailand and other anti-communist allies . The war , considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some , lasted 19 years , with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973 , and included the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War , which ended with all three countries becoming communist in 1975 . The conflict emerged from the First Indochina War against the communist-led Viet Minh . [ A 4 ] Most of the funding for the French war effort was provided by the U.S. After the French quit Indochina in 1954 , the US assumed financial and military support for the South Vietnamese state . The Việt Cộng , also known as Front national de libération du Sud-Viêt Nam or NLF ( the National Liberation Front ) , a South Vietnamese common front under the direction of North Vietnam , initiated a guerrilla war in the south . North Vietnam had also invaded Laos in the mid-1950s in support of insurgents , establishing the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply and reinforce the Việt Cộng . :16 U.S. involvement escalated under President John F. Kennedy through the MAAG program from just under a thousand military advisors in 1959 to 16,000 in 1963.:131 By 1963 , the North Vietnamese had sent 40,000 soldiers to fight in South Vietnam . :16 North Vietnam was heavily backed by the USSR and the People 's Republic of China . China also sent hundreds of PLA servicemen to North Vietnam to serve in air-defense and support roles . :371-4 By 1964 , there were 23,000 US advisors in South Vietnam ."}]}, {'value': 'Konrad Juengling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Konrad_Juengling', 'summary': "Konrad Anders Juengling ( born 1987 ) is a German-American gay rights activist and writer . The Huffington Post characterized Juengling 's work as tech savvy queer activism . His activism focuses on equal rights for LGBT people , the Employment Non-Discrimination Act , repealing the blood ban for gay men , non-discrimination ordinances , ethical consumerism , and supporting liberal politicians . He is a former contributing writer for PQ Monthly and GeeksOUT . He is the author of Jeb 's ABCs , a satirical children 's book based on Jeb Bush and Bush 's stance on political issues ."}]}, {'value': '2005 c', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gay rights activist and writer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gay_rights_activism', 'summary': 'Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender ( LGBT ) social movements are social movements that advocate for LGBT people in society . Social movements may focus on equal rights , such as the 2000s movement for marriage equality , or they may focus on liberation , as in the gay liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s . Earlier movements focused on self-help and self-acceptance , such as the homophile movement of the 1950s . Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT people and their interests , numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide . The earliest organizations to support LGBT rights were formed in the early 20th century . A commonly stated goal among these movements is social equality for LGBT people , but there is still denial of full LGBT rights . Some have also focused on building LGBT communities or worked towards liberation for the broader society from bi-phobia , homophobia , and trans-phobia . There is a struggle for LGBT rights today . LGBT movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity , including lobbying , street marches , social groups , media , art , and research .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Eagle_Scouts_9', 'intro': 'Eagle Scout is the highest rank attainable in the Scouts BSA program division of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). Since it was first awarded to Arthur Rose Eldred on August 21, 1912, Eagle Scout has been earned by more than two million youth. The list below includes notable recipients. As of 2014[update], requirements include earning at least 21 merit badges and demonstrating Scout Spirit, leadership, and service. The requirements include an Eagle Scout Service Project where the Scout must further demonstrate service and leadership. Eagle Scouts are recognized with a medal and a cloth badge that visibly recognizes the accomplishments of the Scout. Eagle Palms are a further recognition, awarded for completing additional tenure, leadership, and merit badge requirements. Typically adult volunteers who have received the Eagle award as a youth wear a smaller patch depicting a square knot. The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award (DESA) is bestowed to Eagle Scouts for nationally renowned distinguished service in their profession and to the community for a period of at least 25 years after earning the Eagle Scout rank. Since its introduction in 1969 by the National Eagle Scout Association, the DESA has been awarded to just under 2000 Eagle Scouts. [a]\n The NESA Outstanding Eagle Scout Award (NOESA) is bestowed to Eagle Scouts who have distinguished themselves at a local-to-regional level or who have not yet met the 25-year tenure requirement to be considered for a DESA. This award was introduced in 2011.'}
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What year was an Eagle Scout born who was noted for a diocese that is governed by Bishop Edward M. Rice ?
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1959
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ff7a2a1a9edd9c93
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'title': 'Norway at the 1952 Winter Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stein Eriksen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stein_Eriksen', 'summary': 'Stein Eriksen ( 11 December 1927 - 27 December 2015 ) was an alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from Norway . Following his racing career , he was a ski school director and ambassador at various resorts in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's giant slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hallgeir Brenden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hallgeir_Brenden', 'summary': 'Hallgeir Brenden ( 10 February 1929 - 21 September 2007 ) was a Norwegian cross-country skier and steeplechase runner . He competed in various skiing events at the 1952 , 1956 and 1960 WInter Olympics and won two individual gold medals in 1952 and 1956 and two silver medals in the 4 × 10 km relay in 1952 and 1960 . He also won three events at the Holmenkollen ski festival : 18 km in 1952 and 15 km in 1956 and 1963 . He received the Egebergs Ærespris in 1952 and the Holmenkollen medal in 1955 . As a steeplechase runner Brenden won the Norwegian championships in 1953 and 1954 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1952 Winter Olympics cross-country skiing competition consisted of three events for men ( 18 km , 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay ) and the first women 's cross-country competition at an Olympic Games , of 10 km . The competitions were held from Monday , 18 February to Saturday , 23 February 1952 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 18 km", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Simon Slåttvik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Simon_Slåttvik', 'summary': 'Simon Kaurin Slåttvik ( 24 July 1917 - 7 May 2001 ) was a Norwegian skier . He competed at the 1952 Winter Olympics in the Nordic combined and 18 km cross-country skiing and won the gold medal in the former event . Earlier he won a Nordic combined bronze medal at the 1950 World Championships . He won 14 Norwegian titles and was the first Nordic combined athlete to jump over 100 m. Slåttvik won the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1948 , 1950 and 1951 , and was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1951 . Slåttvik started competing in Nordic events aged 15 . His career was delayed by World War II and peaked around 1950 , when he was already in his thirties . After the 1952 Olympics he won a national title in 1953 , placed fifth at the 1954 World Championships , and remained active through the late 1950s . Slåttvik was known for his relatively mild training regime , and would often smoke after a race . In the early 1950s he moved to Lillehammer , married and had two sons . He named one of them Heikki after his Finnish friend and long-term rival Heikki Hasu .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordic combined', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , one Nordic combined event was contested . This marked the first time in Olympic history that the ski jumping portion of the competition was held before the 18 km cross-country skiing segment .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's individual", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arnfinn Bergmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnfinn_Bergmann', 'summary': 'Arnfinn Bergmann ( 14 October 1928 - 13 February 2011 ) was a ski jumper from Norway . He won the individual large hill event at the 1952 Olympics and 1952 Holmenkollen ski festival and placed third at the 1950 World Championships . In 1956 he was awarded the Holmenkollen medal ( shared with Borghild Niskin and Arne Hoel ) . As a junior Bergmann won the national title and the ski jumping competition in Holmenkollen in 1948 . The same year he won the national football title with SK Freidig . Next year he started competing as a senior and placed third at the national championships . In 1950 he was included to the national team and unexpectedly won a bronze medal at the world championships . For the 1950-51 season he stayed in Canada , where he won his every competition . In 1952 he returned to Norway and won the Olympic gold medal , the Holmenkollen and the national championships . He defended his national title in 1953 , but got injured in early 1954 and missed the season . He qualified for the 1956 Olympics , but withdrew due to a flu . In 1958 he was included to the 1958 World Championships team , after he unexpectedly won the national title , but he withdrew again , for unknown reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Ski jumping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , one ski jumping event was contested . The competition took place at the Holmenkollen ski jump with a K-Point of 72 m ( 236 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's normal hill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hjalmar Andersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hjalmar_Andersen', 'summary': "Hjalmar Hjallis Johan Andersen ( 12 March 1923 - 27 March 2013 ) was a speed skater from Norway who won three gold medals at the 1952 Winter Olympic Games of Oslo , Norway . He was the only triple gold medalist at the 1952 Winter Olympics , and as such , became the most successful athlete there . Nicknamed King Glad for his famous cheerful mood , he was one of Norway 's most popular sportsmen ever . Four statues of him were raised during his lifetime ; in Trondheim , Hamar , Rødøy and outside Bislett Stadium in Oslo . He was honored with a funeral at the states expense ."}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics , four speed skating events were contested . The competitions were held from Saturday , 16 February to Tuesday , 19 February 1952 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 1500m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hjalmar Andersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hjalmar_Andersen', 'summary': "Hjalmar Hjallis Johan Andersen ( 12 March 1923 - 27 March 2013 ) was a speed skater from Norway who won three gold medals at the 1952 Winter Olympic Games of Oslo , Norway . He was the only triple gold medalist at the 1952 Winter Olympics , and as such , became the most successful athlete there . Nicknamed King Glad for his famous cheerful mood , he was one of Norway 's most popular sportsmen ever . Four statues of him were raised during his lifetime ; in Trondheim , Hamar , Rødøy and outside Bislett Stadium in Oslo . He was honored with a funeral at the states expense ."}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics , four speed skating events were contested . The competitions were held from Saturday , 16 February to Tuesday , 19 February 1952 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 5000m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hjalmar Andersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hjalmar_Andersen', 'summary': "Hjalmar Hjallis Johan Andersen ( 12 March 1923 - 27 March 2013 ) was a speed skater from Norway who won three gold medals at the 1952 Winter Olympic Games of Oslo , Norway . He was the only triple gold medalist at the 1952 Winter Olympics , and as such , became the most successful athlete there . Nicknamed King Glad for his famous cheerful mood , he was one of Norway 's most popular sportsmen ever . Four statues of him were raised during his lifetime ; in Trondheim , Hamar , Rødøy and outside Bislett Stadium in Oslo . He was honored with a funeral at the states expense ."}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics , four speed skating events were contested . The competitions were held from Saturday , 16 February to Tuesday , 19 February 1952 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 10,000m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stein Eriksen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stein_Eriksen', 'summary': 'Stein Eriksen ( 11 December 1927 - 27 December 2015 ) was an alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from Norway . Following his racing career , he was a ski school director and ambassador at various resorts in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magnar Estenstad Mikal Kirkholt Martin Stokken Hallgeir Brenden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magnar_Estenstad', 'summary': 'Magnar Estenstad ( 27 September 1924 - 13 May 2004 ) was a Norwegian cross-country skier . In 1952 he won the 50 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival and a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the 50 km at the Oslo Olympics . Next year he was awarded the Holmenkollen medal . Domestically he won the 50 km Norwegian title in 1948-1949 and 1952-1954 . In 1950 he won the national 30 km title and placed seventh over 50 km at the world championships . In 1954 , after winning the 50 km national title he was about to win the 30 km race , but fell and broke his thigh bone one kilometer away from the finish . He was hospitalized for five months and had to retire from skiing . He worked as a farmer for the rest of his life .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mikal_Kirkholt', 'summary': 'Mikal Kirkholt ( 9 December 1920 - 28 June 2012 ) was a Norwegian cross-country skier . He represented the club IL Troll . At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo he finished twelfth in the 18 kilometres and won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay . He retired after the Olympics , to marry and work in Sunndal , but later returned to live and work at the family farm in Rindal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Martin_Stokken', 'summary': 'Martin Stokken ( 16 January 1923 - 25 March 1984 ) was a Norwegian cross-country skier who competed at the 1948 and 1952 Summer and 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics . At the Summer Olympics he ran 5000 m and 10,000 m , finishing fourth in the latter event in 1948 . At the Winter Games he won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay in 1952 , placing fourth in 1956 . His best individual result was six place in the 18 km in 1952 and in 15 km in 1956 . At the world skiing championships Stokken won a bronze medal in the 4 × 10 km relay event in 1950 and placed fourth over 50 km in 1954 . In 1954 he also won the 50 km race at the Holmenkollen ski festival and won the Holmenkollen medal . Earlier in 1949 he was awarded the Egebergs Ærespris . Stokken was born as the youngest of four siblings on a desolate farm . In 1934 the farm burned down and his father died soon after that . In his teens Stokken worked as a shepherd , and earned enough money to buy a pair of decent skis for his training . In 1939 he and his mother moved to Fåvang , where he joined the local ski club . During World War II , in 1943 , he fled to Sweden and joined the Norwegian resistance movement .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hallgeir_Brenden', 'summary': 'Hallgeir Brenden ( 10 February 1929 - 21 September 2007 ) was a Norwegian cross-country skier and steeplechase runner . He competed in various skiing events at the 1952 , 1956 and 1960 WInter Olympics and won two individual gold medals in 1952 and 1956 and two silver medals in the 4 × 10 km relay in 1952 and 1960 . He also won three events at the Holmenkollen ski festival : 18 km in 1952 and 15 km in 1956 and 1963 . He received the Egebergs Ærespris in 1952 and the Holmenkollen medal in 1955 . As a steeplechase runner Brenden won the Norwegian championships in 1953 and 1954 .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1952 Winter Olympics cross-country skiing competition consisted of three events for men ( 18 km , 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay ) and the first women 's cross-country competition at an Olympic Games , of 10 km . The competitions were held from Monday , 18 February to Saturday , 23 February 1952 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 4 × 10 km relay", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Torbjørn Falkanger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Torbjørn_Falkanger', 'summary': 'Torbjørn Falkanger ( 8 October 1927 in Trondheim - 16 July 2013 ) was a Norwegian ski jumper who was active in the late 1940s and early 1950s . Falkanger earned a silver medal at the 1952 Winter Olympics in ski jumping and also won the Holmenkollen ski festival ski jumping competition twice ( 1949 and 1950 ) . For his ski jumping efforts , Falkanger was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1952 ( Shared with Stein Eriksen , Heikki Hasu and Nils Karlsson . ) Falkanger also took the Olympic Oath at the 1952 games in Oslo . His career ended a few months ahead of the 1956 Winter Olympics , due to a fall in the ski jumping hill .'}]}, {'value': 'Ski jumping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , one ski jumping event was contested . The competition took place at the Holmenkollen ski jump with a K-Point of 72 m ( 236 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's normal hill", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guttorm Berge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guttorm_Berge', 'summary': 'Guttorm Berge ( April 19 , 1929 - March 13 , 2004 ) was a Norwegian Alpine skier . He was born in Vardal and died in Høvik . At the 1952 Olympics in Oslo Berge was bronze medalist in the slalom , 1.7 seconds behind gold winner Othmar Schneider . Berge was a 1954 graduate of Middlebury College .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , Norway , the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday , 14 February , to Wednesday , 20 February . The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad , Buskerud , and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo . The giant slalom made its Olympic debut , and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades , until 1988 . It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954 , and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980 . For fourteen World Championships ( 1954-1980 ) , the combined was a paper race , using the results from the three events ( and required the completion of each ) .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's slalom", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magnar Estenstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magnar_Estenstad', 'summary': 'Magnar Estenstad ( 27 September 1924 - 13 May 2004 ) was a Norwegian cross-country skier . In 1952 he won the 50 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival and a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the 50 km at the Oslo Olympics . Next year he was awarded the Holmenkollen medal . Domestically he won the 50 km Norwegian title in 1948-1949 and 1952-1954 . In 1950 he won the national 30 km title and placed seventh over 50 km at the world championships . In 1954 , after winning the 50 km national title he was about to win the 30 km race , but fell and broke his thigh bone one kilometer away from the finish . He was hospitalized for five months and had to retire from skiing . He worked as a farmer for the rest of his life .'}]}, {'value': 'Cross-country skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1952 Winter Olympics cross-country skiing competition consisted of three events for men ( 18 km , 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay ) and the first women 's cross-country competition at an Olympic Games , of 10 km . The competitions were held from Monday , 18 February to Saturday , 23 February 1952 ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 50 km", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sverre Stenersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sverre_Stenersen', 'summary': 'Sverre Stenersen ( 18 June 1926 - 17 December 2005 ) was a Norwegian Nordic combined skier who dominated the event throughout the 1950s . His biggest triumphs were winning individual gold medals at the 1954 World Championships and 1956 Olympics . He also won a bronze at the 1952 Olympics and a silver at the 1958 World Championships . Stenersen won the Nordic combined event at the national championships in 1954-58 and at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1955 , 1956 and 1959 . In 1955 he received the Holmenkollen medal , shared with King Haakon VII , Hallgeir Brenden , and Veikko Hakulinen . Stenersen was born on a small farm in Målselv . In the late 1940s , seeking better training conditions , he moved to the Oslo area and worked there as a lumberjack to earn a living . He retired after placing seventh at the 1960 Winter Olympics and for several years ran a sport store in Målselv . After that he served as secretary for culture and sport in his municipality until retiring by age .'}]}, {'value': 'Nordic combined', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , one Nordic combined event was contested . This marked the first time in Olympic history that the ski jumping portion of the competition was held before the 18 km cross-country skiing segment .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's individual", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arne Johansen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arne_Johansen', 'summary': 'Arne Johansen ( 3 April 1927 - 25 October 2013 ) was a Norwegian speed skater and Olympic medalist . He received a bronze medal at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , shared with Gordon Audley from Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics , four speed skating events were contested . The competitions were held from Saturday , 16 February to Tuesday , 19 February 1952 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 500m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roald Aas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roald_Aas', 'summary': 'Roald Edgar Aas ( 25 March 1928 - 18 February 2012 ) was a speed skater and cyclist from Norway . He was born in Oslo . Aas was the number two speed skater in Norway through the entire 1950s - initially after Hjalmar Andersen , later after Knut Johannesen . He became Norwegian champion once , in 1956 , but finished second seven times . Aas participated in all international championships between 1951 and 1960 , almost always finishing in the top ten . He won bronze at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in 1958 , and at two European Speed Skating Championships , in 1957 and 1960 . At the Oslo Winter Olympics , he won bronze on the 1500 m , while at the Squaw Valley Winter Olympics in 1960 , he finally won gold , shared with Yevgeny Grishin , also in 1500 m. Aas also was a successful cyclist , winning the 1956 Norwegian Championships in both road cycling and track cycling . For his achievements as both a speed skater and a cyclist , Aas was awarded the prestigious Egebergs Ærespris in 1956 . Until 1956 , Aas represented Oslo Idrettslag ( Oslo Sports Club ) - from 1957 on , he represented Oslo Skøiteklub ( Oslo Skating Club ) . When he ended his skating career , he became a coach at Oslo Skøiteklub .'}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics , four speed skating events were contested . The competitions were held from Saturday , 16 February to Tuesday , 19 February 1952 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 1500m", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sverre Haugli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sverre_Ingolf_Haugli', 'summary': 'Sverre Ingolf Haugli ( 23 April 1925 - 18 October 1986 ) was a Norwegian speed skater . He finished third at the European Championships in 1950 and fourth in the World Championships in 1951 . He won a bronze medal at the 1952 Oslo Olympics , and placed sixth over 10,000 m in 1952 and fourth in 1956 . He is the grandfather of speed skaters Maren Haugli and Sverre Haugli .'}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Winter Olympics , four speed skating events were contested . The competitions were held from Saturday , 16 February to Tuesday , 19 February 1952 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 5000m", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Norway_at_the_1952_Winter_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Norway was the host nation for the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. By winning 7 gold medals, Norway had the most golds at these games. This would be the last time a host country would win the most gold medals at the Winter Olympics until Canada won the most gold medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.'}
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How many national championships have been earned by gold medalist in men 's individual Nordic combined at the Olympic Games of 1952 ?
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14
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ff7b8ae00f6522e2
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'France at the 1908 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eugène Grisot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugène_Grisot', 'summary': "Eugène G. Grisot ( 19 December 1866 - 2 May 1936 ) was a French archer . He won a gold medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Grisot entered the men 's double York round event in 1908 , taking 19th place with 410 points . In the Continental style event , he had considerably more success , scoring 263 points over 40 arrows to take 1st place in the event . Twelve years later he was able to win three more medals at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp ."}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , three archery events were contested . Great Britain sent 41 archers ( 25 female and 16 male ) , France sent 15 men , and the United States sent one man .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Continental style", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_Continental_style", 'summary': "The men 's Continental style was one of three archery events on the Archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Arrows were shot singly . Each archer shot 40 arrows , with the target 50 metres distant . The event was held on 20 July . Just as the British dominated the York round archery , the French dominated the Continental-style . The one Briton to enter placed 12th , while the American placed 15th . However , in a demonstration event , R. O. Backhouse of Great Britain shot a 260 in forty arrows at 50 metres . He received a Diploma of Merit for the accomplishment , which would have earned a silver medal had he been shooting in competition ."}]}, {'value': 'July 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'André Auffray , Maurice Schilles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Auffray', 'summary': 'André Auffray ( born Alexandre Offray ; 2 September 1884 - 3 November 1953 ) was a French racing cyclist . At the 1908 Olympics he won a gold medal in the tandem , together with Maurice Schilles , and a bronze in the 5000 m event ; he also competed in the individual sprint and in the 1,980 yard team pursuit . In sprint events , he won the Paris championships in 1907 , placing third in 1908 and 1909 , and placed second at the world championships .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Schilles', 'summary': 'Maurice Auguste Schilles ( 25 February 1888 - 20 December 1957 ) was a French track cyclist . At the 1908 Olympics he won a gold medal in the tandem , together with André Auffray , and a silver in the 5000 m event . He also competed in the sprint ; in the final , the time limit was exceeded , resulting in the race being declared void and no medals being awarded . According to the official report he won the race by inches . In the 660 yards event he was eliminated in the first round . In the team pursuit competition he was a member of the French team that was eliminated in the first round . Schilles was a mechanic , and built lightweight bikes . He started racing in 1905 , mostly in the sprint , and in 1907 won his first Paris championship . In 1909 he won a bronze medal at the world championships . He raced professionally in 1919-1928 and won the national sprint title in 1923 , as well as two medals at the world championships in 1924 and 1925 . Besides cycling , he competed nationally in swimming , boxing and running .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's tandem", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_tandem", 'summary': "The men 's 2000 metre tandem was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The time limit for the race was 4 minutes ."}]}, {'value': 'July 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gaston Alibert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaston_Alibert', 'summary': 'Gaston Alibert ( February 22 , 1878 in Paris - December 26 , 1917 ) was a French fencer and olympic champion in épée competition . He received a gold medal in épée individual and a gold medal in épée team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Eight years before , Alibert already participated in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris placing seventh in the épée individual event . He contacted tuberculosis while at the front in World War I .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , four fencing events were contested . The 1908 Games were the first to lack a foil competition . Foil fencing , not being in the opinion of the organisers a form of sport which is improved by competition , was held only as a display . The 1908 Olympics did introduce team sabre and épée competitions . As in the 1904 edition , the London Games held no events for masters ; all fencing was done by amateurs .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's épée", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_épée", 'summary': "The men 's épée was one of four fencing events on the Fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The medals were swept by the French fencers , who also took the gold medal in the team épée event ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gaston Alibert , Herman Georges Berger , Charles Collignon , Eugène Olivier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gaston_Alibert', 'summary': 'Gaston Alibert ( February 22 , 1878 in Paris - December 26 , 1917 ) was a French fencer and olympic champion in épée competition . He received a gold medal in épée individual and a gold medal in épée team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Eight years before , Alibert already participated in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris placing seventh in the épée individual event . He contacted tuberculosis while at the front in World War I .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herman_Georges_Berger', 'summary': 'Herman Georges Berger ( 1 August 1875 - 13 January 1924 ) was a French fencer and Olympic champion in épée competition . He received a gold medal in épée team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Collignon', 'summary': 'Charles Collignon ( born 7 September 1877 in Paris , date of death unknown ) was a French fencer and olympic champion in épée competition . He received a gold medal in épée team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eugène_Olivier', 'summary': "Eugène Olivier ( 17 September 1881 in Paris - 5 May 1964 ) was a French fencer and Olympic épée champion . He received a bronze medal in épée individual and a gold medal in épée team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Eugene Olivier est un ancient escrimeur , medecin et collectionneur Francais . Membre de l'equipe de France d'épée , il est champion olympique par equipe aux Jeux de Londres de 1908 . Il remporte egalement la medaille de bronze dans le concours individual . Il est member fondateur et le premier president du Paris Universite Club ( P.U.C. ) . Docteur es Sciences et professeur agrege d'Anatomie , il est elu member de l'Academie de Chirurgie en 1953 . Heraldiste et philateliste , president de l'Academie de philatelie de 1957 a 1964 , il a rassemble des collections de timbres , de marques postales , d'ex libris et de relieures armoriees , et est l'auteur d'un Manuel de l'Amateur des Relieures Armoriees francaises en 30 volumes ainsi que de nombreuses publications d'anatomie . Il avait une large collection de livre anciens signees et annotes entre autres par Balzac , Victor Hugo , Celine ."}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , four fencing events were contested . The 1908 Games were the first to lack a foil competition . Foil fencing , not being in the opinion of the organisers a form of sport which is improved by competition , was held only as a display . The 1908 Olympics did introduce team sabre and épée competitions . As in the 1904 edition , the London Games held no events for masters ; all fencing was done by amateurs .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's team épée", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_team_épée", 'summary': "The men 's team épée was one of four fencing events on the Fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The event was won by the French team , who also swept the medals in the individual épée event ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emile Thubron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emile_Thubron', 'summary': 'Ernest Blakelock Thubron , also known as Émile Thubron ( Boldon near Durham 15 July 1861 - 22 May 1927 Tokomaru , New Zealand ) was an Anglo-French motorboat racer and Olympic champion . He won the second running of the Harmsworth Trophy for motor powered boats in 1904 in Trefle-à-quatre . In 1898 Ernest Blakelock Thubron was managing Owner of the Boulac Engine Works , Cairo and in 1906 he was still working as a boat constructor in Egypt . He competed with his boat Camille in Class A ( the open class ) at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , where he won the gold medal . He finished the forty nautical miles in 2:26:53 , and Camille was the only boat to finish that race . He retired to New Zealand . His son was Brigadier Gerald Thubron , OBE and his grandson Colin Thubron the writer .'}]}, {'value': 'Water motorsports', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_motorsports_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , three motorboat racing events were contested . Various sources refer to the sport as water motorsports , motor boats , and power boating . The 1900 and 1908 Summer Games were the only ones to feature motorized sports ( motor racing was featured in 1900 ) . The IOC has never decided which events were Olympic and which were not . All three events used the same distance , five laps around an 8 nautical mile course for a total of 40 nautical miles ( 70 km ) . In each of the events , multiple boats started but only one finished , due primarily to the gale that was blowing during the course of the competition . Events were held on 28 August and 29 August 1908 .'}]}, {'value': 'Class A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_motorsports_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Class_A', 'summary': 'The Class A ( open class ) was one of three motorboating classes contested on the Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The open class was scheduled to take place on the first day of competition , 28 August . The race was a 40 nautical miles long . Two boats , Wolseley-Siddely and Dylan , began the race . Dylan abandoned the race partway through the first lap , with Wolseley-Siddely finishing the first before the weather became too severe to continue the race . A second attempt to run the event took place the next day , after the other two races had been completed . Wolseley-Siddely again started , this time against Camille ( the only French boat to take part in competition ) . Wolseley-Siddely ran aground on a mud spit , leaving Camille to finish alone for the gold medal .'}]}, {'value': 'August 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louis Vernet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Vernet_(archer)', 'summary': "Louis Vernet ( 5 May 1870 - 19 March 1946 ) was a French archer . He won a silver medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Vernet entered the men 's double York round event in 1908 , taking 20th place with 385 points . His next competition , the Continental style , resulted in Vernet taking second place . His score of 256 points was only 7 below that of the winner , Eugène Grisot ."}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , three archery events were contested . Great Britain sent 41 archers ( 25 female and 16 male ) , France sent 15 men , and the United States sent one man .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Continental style", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_Continental_style", 'summary': "The men 's Continental style was one of three archery events on the Archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Arrows were shot singly . Each archer shot 40 arrows , with the target 50 metres distant . The event was held on 20 July . Just as the British dominated the York round archery , the French dominated the Continental-style . The one Briton to enter placed 12th , while the American placed 15th . However , in a demonstration event , R. O. Backhouse of Great Britain shot a 260 in forty arrows at 50 metres . He received a Diploma of Merit for the accomplishment , which would have earned a silver medal had he been shooting in competition ."}]}, {'value': 'July 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Géo André', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Géo_André', 'summary': 'Georges Yvan Géo André ( 13 August 1889 - 4 May 1943 ) was a French track and field athlete and rugby union player . As an athlete he competed at the 1908 , 1912 , 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics in various events , including long jump , high jump , 400 m sprint , 110 and 400 m hurdles , pentathlon and decathlon . He won a silver medal in the high jump in 1908 and a bronze in the 4 × 400 m relay in 1920 , finishing fourth in the 400 m hurdles in 1920 and 1924 and fifth in the standing high jump in 1908 . At the 1924 Olympics he took the Olympic Oath and served as the flag bearer for the French delegation . André won French titles in 110 m hurdles ( 1908 , 1914 , 1919 , 1922 ) , 400 m hurdles ( 1913-14 , 1919-20 , 1922 ) , high jump ( 1907-1909 , 1911 , 1914 , 1919 ) , standing high jump ( 1909 , 1911-12 , 1914 , 1919-20 ) . He held national records in the 110 m hurdles ( 1908 - 15.8 ; 1922 - 15.4 ) , 400 m hurdles ( 1913 - 57.0 ; 1920 - 57.0/56.0/55.6 ) , high jump ( 1907 - 1.79 ; 1908 - 1.80/1.885 ) , and 4 × 400 m relay ( 1922 - 3:24.0 ) . In 1913-1914 he played for the national rugby team . André was wounded while serving as a fighter pilot in World War I . After retiring from competitions he worked as a sports journalist for several prominent French newspapers . During World War II he joined the infantry and was killed by German forces in 1943 in Tunis , aged 53 . His son Jacques ( 1919-1988 ) competed as a hurdler at the 1948 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's high jump", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_high_jump", 'summary': "The men 's high jump was one of six jumping events on the athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London . The competition was held on Tuesday , July 21 , 1908 . Twenty-two high jumpers from ten nations competed ."}]}, {'value': 'July 21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Émile Demangel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Émile_Demangel', 'summary': 'Émile Joseph Demangel ( 20 June 1882 - 11 October 1968 ) was a French amateur track cyclist who competed in several sprint events at the 1906 Intercalated Games and 1908 Summer Olympics . In 1906 he finished fourth in the 5,000 m and 333⅓ m time trial events . At the 1908 Games he served as the flag bearer for the French delegation , won a silver medal in the 660 yards sprint , and placed fifth in the 1,980 yards team pursuit . The same year he set a world record in the paced 500 metre time trial and won a bronze medal in the sprint at the world championships . A street in Xertigny , where he died in 1968 , is named for him .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 660 yd", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_660_yards", 'summary': "The men 's 660 yards was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . It was the shortest of the events , comprising a single lap of the track . The time limit for the race was 1 minute , 10 seconds . The 1908 Games was the only time when the 660 yards event was part of the Olympic cycling program ."}]}, {'value': 'July 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maurice Schilles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Schilles', 'summary': 'Maurice Auguste Schilles ( 25 February 1888 - 20 December 1957 ) was a French track cyclist . At the 1908 Olympics he won a gold medal in the tandem , together with André Auffray , and a silver in the 5000 m event . He also competed in the sprint ; in the final , the time limit was exceeded , resulting in the race being declared void and no medals being awarded . According to the official report he won the race by inches . In the 660 yards event he was eliminated in the first round . In the team pursuit competition he was a member of the French team that was eliminated in the first round . Schilles was a mechanic , and built lightweight bikes . He started racing in 1905 , mostly in the sprint , and in 1907 won his first Paris championship . In 1909 he won a bronze medal at the world championships . He raced professionally in 1919-1928 and won the national sprint title in 1923 , as well as two medals at the world championships in 1924 and 1925 . Besides cycling , he competed nationally in swimming , boxing and running .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 5000 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_5000_metres", 'summary': "The men 's 5000 metres was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Its distance was the median of the individual event distances . The time limit for the race was 9 minutes , 25 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'July 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexandre Lippmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandre_Lippmann', 'summary': 'Alexandre Lippmann ( 11 June 1881 - 23 February 1960 ) was a French Olympic champion épée fencer . He won two Olympic gold medals , as well as three other Olympic medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , four fencing events were contested . The 1908 Games were the first to lack a foil competition . Foil fencing , not being in the opinion of the organisers a form of sport which is improved by competition , was held only as a display . The 1908 Olympics did introduce team sabre and épée competitions . As in the 1904 edition , the London Games held no events for masters ; all fencing was done by amateurs .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's épée", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_épée", 'summary': "The men 's épée was one of four fencing events on the Fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The medals were swept by the French fencers , who also took the gold medal in the team épée event ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gustave Cabaret', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gustave_Cabaret', 'summary': "Gustave Cabaret ( 1 November 1866 - 4 April 1918 ) was a French archer . He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Cabaret entered the men 's double York round event in 1908 , taking 26th place with 191 points . That last-place finish was not repeated in the second event of the men 's archery competitions in 1908 . Cabaret won the bronze medal in the Continental style , scoring 255 points to finish 8 behind Eugène Grisot and only 1 behind Louis Vernet ."}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , three archery events were contested . Great Britain sent 41 archers ( 25 female and 16 male ) , France sent 15 men , and the United States sent one man .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Continental style", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_Continental_style", 'summary': "The men 's Continental style was one of three archery events on the Archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Arrows were shot singly . Each archer shot 40 arrows , with the target 50 metres distant . The event was held on 20 July . Just as the British dominated the York round archery , the French dominated the Continental-style . The one Briton to enter placed 12th , while the American placed 15th . However , in a demonstration event , R. O. Backhouse of Great Britain shot a 260 in forty arrows at 50 metres . He received a Diploma of Merit for the accomplishment , which would have earned a silver medal had he been shooting in competition ."}]}, {'value': 'July 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph Dreher , Louis Bonniot de Fleurac , Paul Lizandier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_Dreher', 'summary': 'Joseph Dreher ( 15 May 1884 - 1941 ) was a French athlete . He competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . In the 1500 metres , Dreher placed fifth and last in his initial semifinal heat and did not advance to the final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Louis_Bonniot_de_Fleurac', 'summary': 'Louis Bonniot de Fleurac ( Louis Victor Marie Bonniot de Fleurac ; 19 November 1876 in Paris - 20 March 1965 ) was a French athlete . He competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens and in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . In the 1500 metres , de Fleurac placed sixth in his initial semifinal heat and did not advance to the final .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paul_Lizandier', 'summary': 'Paul Childéric Xavier Lizandier ( 2 December 1884 - December 1937 ) was a French runner who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics . He won a team bronze medal in the 3 mile race , together with Louis de Fleurac and Joseph Dreher , and failed to reach the final of the 5 mile event . In 1913 , during World War I Lizandier deserted the French army and went to Romania . He later received a death sentence for insubordination , and was executed in December 1937 .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 3 miles team race", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_3_miles_team_race", 'summary': "The men 's 3 miles team race was a unique event featured only at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . In the team race , each competing nation sent five athletes . For each heat , the top three athletes from each nation had their placings counted as part of the team score , though good performances by the other two could also help the team by worsening the scores of other teams . Team scores were arrived at by adding the rankings of the top three runners from the team , with low scores being desirable . Thus , a team that took the first three places in a heat would receive 1+2+3=6 points , the best possible score ."}]}, {'value': 'July 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'André Auffray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Auffray', 'summary': 'André Auffray ( born Alexandre Offray ; 2 September 1884 - 3 November 1953 ) was a French racing cyclist . At the 1908 Olympics he won a gold medal in the tandem , together with Maurice Schilles , and a bronze in the 5000 m event ; he also competed in the individual sprint and in the 1,980 yard team pursuit . In sprint events , he won the Paris championships in 1907 , placing third in 1908 and 1909 , and placed second at the world championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 5000 m", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_5000_metres", 'summary': "The men 's 5000 metres was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Its distance was the median of the individual event distances . The time limit for the race was 9 minutes , 25 seconds ."}]}, {'value': 'July 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Octave Lapize', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Octave_Lapize', 'summary': "Octave Lapize ( pronounced [ ɔktav lapiz ] ; 24 October 1887 - 14 July 1917 ) was a French professional road racing cyclist and track cyclist . Most famous for winning the 1910 Tour de France and a bronze medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in the men 's 100 kilometres , he was a three-time winner of one-day classics , Paris-Roubaix and Paris-Brussels ."}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's 100 km", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_100_kilometres", 'summary': "The men 's 100 kilometres was one of seven track cycling events on the Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Its distance was the longest of the individual event distances . The time limit for the race was 3 hours and 15 minutes . A challenge cup was presented by the Prince of Wales to the winner ."}]}, {'value': 'July 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eugène Olivier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugène_Olivier', 'summary': "Eugène Olivier ( 17 September 1881 in Paris - 5 May 1964 ) was a French fencer and Olympic épée champion . He received a bronze medal in épée individual and a gold medal in épée team at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London . Eugene Olivier est un ancient escrimeur , medecin et collectionneur Francais . Membre de l'equipe de France d'épée , il est champion olympique par equipe aux Jeux de Londres de 1908 . Il remporte egalement la medaille de bronze dans le concours individual . Il est member fondateur et le premier president du Paris Universite Club ( P.U.C. ) . Docteur es Sciences et professeur agrege d'Anatomie , il est elu member de l'Academie de Chirurgie en 1953 . Heraldiste et philateliste , president de l'Academie de philatelie de 1957 a 1964 , il a rassemble des collections de timbres , de marques postales , d'ex libris et de relieures armoriees , et est l'auteur d'un Manuel de l'Amateur des Relieures Armoriees francaises en 30 volumes ainsi que de nombreuses publications d'anatomie . Il avait une large collection de livre anciens signees et annotes entre autres par Balzac , Victor Hugo , Celine ."}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , four fencing events were contested . The 1908 Games were the first to lack a foil competition . Foil fencing , not being in the opinion of the organisers a form of sport which is improved by competition , was held only as a display . The 1908 Olympics did introduce team sabre and épée competitions . As in the 1904 edition , the London Games held no events for masters ; all fencing was done by amateurs .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's épée", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_épée", 'summary': "The men 's épée was one of four fencing events on the Fencing at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The medals were swept by the French fencers , who also took the gold medal in the team épée event ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louis Ségura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Ségura', 'summary': 'Louis Ségura ( July 23 , 1889 - 1963 ) was a French gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics . He won the bronze medal in the individual all-around in 1908 as well as the silver medal in 1912 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , two gymnastics events were contested . No nation was successful in winning more than one medal .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's all-around", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_all-around", 'summary': "The men 's individual all-around , also known as the heptathlon , was one of two gymnastics events on the Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . As suggested by the alternate name , the competition included seven events with the scores summed to give a final score . The events were :"}]}, {'value': 'July 15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henri Arthus , Louis Potheau , Pierre Rabot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henri_Arthus', 'summary': 'Alexandre Charles Georges Henri Arthus ( March 10 , 1872-August 12 , 1962 ) was a French sailor . He won the bronze medal in the 6m class in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London along with Louis Potheau and Pierre Rabot .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Louis_Potheau', 'summary': 'Louis Adrien Potheau ( August 14 , 1870 - February 18 , 1955 ) was a French sailor . He won the Bronze medal in the 6m class in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London along with Henri Arthus and Pierre Rabot .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Rabot', 'summary': 'Pierre Rabot , born 1865 , was a French sailor . He won the Bronze medal in the 6m class in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London along with Louis Potheau and Henri Arthus .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad ( 1896 Olympics in Athens , Greece ) . With the exception of the 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics , sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule . The Sailing program of 1908 was open for a total of five sailing classes ( disciplines ) , but actually only four Sailing events were contested . The planned venue of all races , named matches , was Ryde , Isle of Wight .'}]}, {'value': '6 m class', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_6_metre_class', 'summary': 'The 6 Metre was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics program in Ryde . Three races were scheduled . 15 sailors , on 5 boats , from 4 nation competed .'}]}, {'value': 'July 29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henri Bonnefoy , Paul Colas , Léon Lécuyer , André Regaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henri_Bonnefoy', 'summary': 'Henri Bonnefoy ( 17 October 1887 - 9 August 1914 ) was a French sport shooter who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics . He was born in Le Tremblois and was killed in action in Thann , Haut-Rhin during World War I . In 1908 he was a member of the French team which won the bronze medal in the team small-bore rifle competition . He also participated in the stationary target small-bore rifle event and finished 19th .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paul_Colas', 'summary': 'Paul René Colas ( 6 May 1880 - 9 September 1956 ) was a French sports shooter who competed at the 1908 , 1912 , 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics . Between 1908 and 1924 Colas won four Olympic medals . One bronze in 1908 , two gold in 1912 , and one silver in 1924 . Only in 1920 he failed to win a medal . With his two individual gold medals at the 1912 Summer Olympics he became the second shooter ( a day behind Alfred Lane of the United States ) and the first rifle shooter to win two individual Olympic gold medals . In the 1908 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Léon_Lécuyer', 'summary': 'Léon Lécuyer ( 8 April 1855 - 25 October 1915 ) was a French sports shooter . He competed in three events at the 1908 Summer Olympics winning a bronze medal in the team small-bore rifle event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/André_Regaud', 'summary': 'André Regaud ( 14 February 1868 - 12 January 1945 ) was a French shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics , the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics . He was born in Lyon and died in Paris . In 1908 he won a bronze medal with the French team in the small-bore rifle event . He also finished fourth with the French team in the team pistol competition and tenth in the individual pistol event . In the 1912 Summer Olympics he participated in the following events :'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London saw fifteen shooting events . Most of the events were held at Bisley , Surrey while the trap shooting events were held at Uxendon .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's team small-bore rifle", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_team_small-bore_rifle", 'summary': "The men 's team small-bore rifle was one of 15 events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . Teams consisted of four shooters . Regulation of the equipment used in the event was done through proscribing ammunition weighing more than 140 grains , with a velocity of more than 1,450 feet per second , or having a hard metal base . Each shooter fired 40 shots , half at 50 yards and half at 100 yards . Maximum score for a shot was 5 points , giving a maximum total possible of 200 points per shooter or 800 per team ."}]}, {'value': 'July 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eugène Balme , Albert Courquin , Raoul de Boigne , Léon Johnson , Maurice Lecoq , André Parmentier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugène_Balme', 'summary': 'Eugène Jean François Balme ( 22 November 1874 - 24 February 1914 ) was a French shooter who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics and 1908 Summer Olympics . He was born in Oullins and died in Paris . He committed suicide by shooting himself . In 1900 at Paris he won the bronze medal in the 25 metre rapid fire pistol event . Eight years later at London he won another bronze medal in the team free rifle event and was fourth in team military rifle event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Albert_Courquin', 'summary': 'Albert Courquin ( 30 March 1875 - 24 March 1953 ) was a French sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and 1924 Summer Olympics . In the 1908 Olympics he won a bronze medal in the team free rifle event and was fourth in the team military rifle event . Sixteen years later he won a silver medal in the team free rifle event and was sixth in the individual 600 m free rifle event .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Raoul_de_Boigne', 'summary': 'Raoul Marie Joseph Count de Boigne ( 25 December 1862 - 19 May 1949 ) was a French sport shooter who competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games , the 1908 Summer Olympics and 1912 Summer Olympics . He was born in Geneva , Switzerland and died in Ouveillan , France .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Léon_Johnson', 'summary': 'Léon Johnson ( 29 February 1876 - 2 January 1943 ) was a French sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics , the 1912 Summer Olympics and at the 1920 Summer Olympics . 1908 London In 1908 he was a member of the French team which won the bronze medal in the team free rifle competition . In the 1908 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maurice_Lecoq', 'summary': 'Maurice Marie Lecoq ( 26 March 1854 - 16 December 1925 ) was a French sport shooter who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century . He participated in Shooting at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won a silver medal with the French military pistol team and a bronze medal in the military rifle team . He also competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games and the 1908 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/André_Parmentier_(sport_shooter)', 'summary': 'André Parmentier ( born 29 May 1876 , died 1939 ) was a French sport shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and at the 1920 Summer Olympics . He was born in Sauveterre de Guyenne , Gironde . In 1908 he was a member of the French team which won the bronze medal in the team free rifle competition . He also finished fourth with the French team in the team military rifle event . In the 1908 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events :'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London saw fifteen shooting events . Most of the events were held at Bisley , Surrey while the trap shooting events were held at Uxendon .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 300 m free rifle , team", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_300_metre_free_rifle,_team", 'summary': "The men 's team free rifle at 300 metres was one of 15 events on the shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme . The competition was held on Thursday , 9 July 1908 and was extended after sunset to Friday , 10 July 1908 - it was the first shooting event of the Games . Fifty-four sport shooters from nine nations competed . The teams used different rifles . France shot with a Swiss Martini ; Denmark used a Crag-Jørgensen ; Greece and the Netherlands shot with a Mannlicher ; Sweden used a government-issue Mauser ; and Finland shot with a Mofferd . Norway used private match rifles . Due to winds blowing against the players , teams with light rifles faced more difficulty ."}]}, {'value': 'July 10', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': 'Further information : 1908 Summer Olympics medal table and List of 1908 Summer Olympics medal winners France finished in fourth position in the final medal rankings , with five gold medals and 19 medals overall .', 'uid': 'France_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'France competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England.'}
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Which disease did the gold medalist in men 's épée fencing at the 1908 Olympics contract during World War I ?
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tuberculosis
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ff7c0b96baf77c23
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lawrence_County,_Arkansas', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence County, Arkansas', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bethel Cemetery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethel_Cemetery_(Denton,_Arkansas)', 'summary': 'Bethel Cemetery is a cemetery in rural western Lawrence County , Arkansas . It is located off County Road 225 , about 1.1 miles ( 1.8 km ) north of Arkansas Highway 117 , roughly midway between Black Rock and Smithville . Its oldest portion occupies a roughly triangular parcel of land , surrounded by a perimeter road , with a gate at the eastern corner . It is located next to the site of a church which was established in the 1820s , and its oldest grave is supposedly the 1835 burial of an American Revolutionary War veteran . The oldest dated grave marker is marked 1858 , and the cemetery continues to be used today . The cemetery is a reminder of the community of Denton , which flourished in the mid-19th century , but declined after it was bypassed by the railroad . The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 15 , 2011 ( # 11000354 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.1 miles ( 1.8 km ) north of AR 117 on County Rd . 225 36°06′06″N 91°14′05″W / 36.101667°N 91.234722°W / 36.101667 ; -91.234722 ( Bethel Cemetery )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_117', 'summary': 'Arkansas Highway 117 ( AR 117 , Hwy . 117 ) is a north-south state highway in Lawrence County , Arkansas . The route of 16.54 miles ( 26.62 km ) runs from a junction of Highway 25 and Highway 230 in Strawberry north across US Route 63/US 412 ( US 63/US 412 ) to 3rd Street in Black Rock .'}]}, {'value': 'Denton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denton,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Denton , Arkansas was a village in Lawrence County . It is currently uninhabited and its only remains are the Bethel Cemetery where former residents were buried .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr. F.W . Buercklin House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dr._F.W._Buercklin_House', 'summary': "The Dr. F.W . Buercklin House is a historic house at 104 Main Street in Portia , Arkansas . It is an L-shaped single-story Plain-Traditional frame and log structure whose initial construction is estimated to be 1880 . It is believed to be the oldest standing structure in the community , and has served variously as a doctor 's office , residence , and general store . Its oldest portion is thought to be a four-pen log dogtrot , which has since been augmented by a fifth pen and frame additions . It was home to the Buercklin family for most of the 20th century , and is a rare survivor of a 1906 fire that destroyed many buildings in Portia . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 ."}]}, {'value': 'July 24 , 1998 ( # 98000882 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '104 Main St. 36°05′15″N 91°04′02″W / 36.0875°N 91.067222°W / 36.0875 ; -91.067222 ( Dr. F.W . Buercklin House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portia,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Portia is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 437 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Building Number 29', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Building_Number_29', 'summary': 'Building 29 is a historic aircraft hangar at 162 North Beacon Road , on the western edge of Walnut Ridge Regional Airport in Lawrence County , Arkansas . It is a large metal-framed structure , built in 1942 using the standard DH-1 Army plan for such buildings . It was part of the national home defense efforts of World War II . It is one of a small number of such buildings left in the state , and the only one surviving virtually unaltered of four built at Walnut Ridge , which was used as a military airfield 1941-46 . The rear of the building ( which faces the street ) has had a small brick office cell attached . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'October 17 , 2012 ( # 12000856 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '162 N. Beacon Rd . 36°07′41″N 90°55′42″W / 36.128135°N 90.928465°W / 36.128135 ; -90.928465 ( Building Number 29 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 4,890 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Lawrence County . Walnut Ridge lies immediately north of Hoxie . The two towns form a contiguous urban area with approximately 8,000 residents . Williams Baptist University is in College City , a formerly separate community that merged into Walnut Ridge in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cache River Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cache_River_Bridge', 'summary': 'The Cache River Bridge is a Parker pony truss that spans the Cache River between Walnut Ridge and Paragould , Arkansas . It was built in 1934 by the Arkansas State Highway Commission and was designed by the Vincennes Bridge Company . Formerly carrying U.S. Route 412 and earlier Arkansas Highway 25 , the structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 , and was bypassed by a new bridge in 1995 .'}]}, {'value': 'April 9 , 1990 ( # 90000523 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 25 , over the Cache River 36°04′09″N 90°49′28″W / 36.069167°N 90.824444°W / 36.069167 ; -90.824444 ( Cache River Bridge )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_25', 'summary': 'Arkansas Highway 25 is a northeast-southwouthwest state highway in north central Arkansas . The route runs 85.66 miles ( 137.86 km ) from US 64 in Conway to US 63/412 in Black Rock through Greers Ferry , Batesville , and the foothills of The Ozarks .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cache_River_(Arkansas)', 'summary': 'The Cache River is a tributary of the White River , 213 mi ( 343 km ) long , in northeastern Arkansas in the United States . Its headwaters also drain a small portion of southeastern Missouri . Via the White River , the Cache is part of the Mississippi River watershed , placing the river and surrounding watershed in the Arkansas Delta .'}]}, {'value': 'Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 4,890 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Lawrence County . Walnut Ridge lies immediately north of Hoxie . The two towns form a contiguous urban area with approximately 8,000 residents . Williams Baptist University is in College City , a formerly separate community that merged into Walnut Ridge in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clover Bend High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clover_Bend_High_School', 'summary': 'The Clover Bend High School is a historic community building on Arkansas Highway 228 in Clover Bend , Arkansas . It is a single-story wood frame structure , with a main central hip-roofed block , symmetrical side wings with gable roofs , and a rear projecting auditorium section . It was built in 1937-38 with funding from the Farm Security Administration , with a number of additional buildings added to the complex in later years , including a gymnasium , elementary school , and administrator housing . This complex formed the core of a major rural resettlement project , which included more than 90 farms . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 17 , 1983 ( # 83001159 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 228 35°59′07″N 91°05′15″W / 35.985278°N 91.0875°W / 35.985278 ; -91.0875 ( Clover Bend High School )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_228', 'summary': 'Highway 228 ( AR 228 , Ark . 228 , and Hwy . 228 ) is a designation for two state highways in Northeast Arkansas . One route of 4.50 miles ( 7.24 km ) begins at County Road 534 ( CR 534 ) at Clover Bend and runs east to Highway 367 in Minturn . A second route of 15.84 miles ( 25.49 km ) begins at Highway 91 and runs northeast to US Highway 412 ( US 412 ) at Light . Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation ( ArDOT ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Clover Bend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clover_Bend,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Clover Bend is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . It is the location of two historic sites listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places : the Clover Bend High School , on Arkansas Highway 228 ( AR 228 ) , and the Clover Bend Historic District , at the junction of AR 228 and Co. Rd . 1220 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clover Bend Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clover_Bend_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Clover Bend Historic District encompasses a collection of historic municipal buildings in Clover Bend , Arkansas . It consists of five buildings , centered on the Clover Bend High School , built in 1937 with funding from the Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) . The complex also includes four other primarily academic buildings : the gymnasium , home economics building , cafeteria , and fire station . It was the centerpiece of a major FSA project to provide services and lifelines to the small-scale farmers of the area during the Great Depression . The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 17 , 1990 ( # 90001368 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of Highway 228 and County Road 1220 35°58′57″N 91°05′38″W / 35.9825°N 91.093889°W / 35.9825 ; -91.093889 ( Clover Bend Historic District )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_228', 'summary': 'Highway 228 ( AR 228 , Ark . 228 , and Hwy . 228 ) is a designation for two state highways in Northeast Arkansas . One route of 4.50 miles ( 7.24 km ) begins at County Road 534 ( CR 534 ) at Clover Bend and runs east to Highway 367 in Minturn . A second route of 15.84 miles ( 25.49 km ) begins at Highway 91 and runs northeast to US Highway 412 ( US 412 ) at Light . Both routes are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation ( ArDOT ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Clover Bend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clover_Bend,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Clover Bend is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . It is the location of two historic sites listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places : the Clover Bend High School , on Arkansas Highway 228 ( AR 228 ) , and the Clover Bend Historic District , at the junction of AR 228 and Co. Rd . 1220 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Commandant 's House", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Commandant's_House_(Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas)", 'summary': "The Commandant 's House is a historic house at 264 McClellan Drive in Walnut Ridge , Arkansas . It is a single story wood frame structure , with a side-gable main block flanked by front gable wings , giving it a U shape . The house was built in 1942 by the United States Army as the residence of the commander of the Walnut Ridge Army Flying School , and is the only building known to survive from that endeavor . It was also later the home of H.E . Williams , the founder of the nearby Williams Baptist College . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'January 21 , 2010 ( # 09001251 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "264 McClellan Dr. 36°07′47″N 90°56′21″W / 36.129722°N 90.939167°W / 36.129722 ; -90.939167 ( Commandant 's House )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 4,890 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Lawrence County . Walnut Ridge lies immediately north of Hoxie . The two towns form a contiguous urban area with approximately 8,000 residents . Williams Baptist University is in College City , a formerly separate community that merged into Walnut Ridge in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ficklin-Imboden House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ficklin-Imboden_House', 'summary': "Powhatan Historic State Park ( formerly Powhatan Courthouse State Park ) is a 9.1-acre ( 3.7 ha ) Arkansas state park in Lawrence County , Arkansas in the United States . The park contains the 1888 Powhatan courthouse which served as the home of county government from 1869-1968 . Today the structure displays items of cultural and historical significance and hosts the park 's Visitor Center . The park includes four additional historical buildings and the Arkansas History Commission 's Northeast Arkansas Regional Archives . A tour of the historic structures is available . Powhatan served as an important stop for traffic on the Black River until the installation of the Kansas City-Memphis Railwayline two miles north in 1883 significantly decreased the need for river transportation ."}]}, {'value': 'October 16 , 1989 ( # 88003206 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3rd and Main Sts . 36°04′55″N 91°07′00″W / 36.081944°N 91.116667°W / 36.081944 ; -91.116667 ( Ficklin-Imboden House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powhatan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Powhatan is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States , along the Black River . The population was 72 at the 2010 census , up from 50 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr. John Octavius Hatcher House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dr._John_Octavius_Hatcher_House', 'summary': "The Dr. John Octavius Hatcher House is a historic house at 210 3rd Street in Imboden , Arkansas . It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure , with an architectural development spanning from c. 1902 to the 1920s . When built c. 1902 , the house featured transitional Queen Anne/Colonial Revival styling , including a porch with turned posts and a spindled balustrade . A tornado damaged the house in the early 1920s , destroying a dormer , and probably damaging the porch , whose columns where replaced by Tuscan columns , and then at a later date by square posts . At some point the dormers on the eastern elevation were extended , giving the house a more Plain-Traditional appearance than its original Queen Anne look . The house was built as a wedding present from Dr. J. W. Randolph to his daughter Nellie , who was marrying Dr. John Octavius Hatcher . Hatcher served as the small community 's doctor between 1904 and 1913 . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 . More recently , the house served as a restaurant . In 2016 , it was reported that the house was being remodeled by its new owner ."}]}, {'value': 'October 23 , 1992 ( # 92001358 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '210 3rd St. 36°12′11″N 91°10′28″W / 36.203056°N 91.174444°W / 36.203056 ; -91.174444 ( Dr. John Octavius Hatcher House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imboden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imboden,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Imboden is a city in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 677 at the 2010 census . It is named after a family of settlers .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Home Economics-F.F.A . Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_Economics-F.F.A._Building', 'summary': 'The Home Economics-F.F.A . Building is a historic school building on City Park Drive in Portia , Arkansas . It is a single-story sandstone structure with a gable roof . Its entrance is sheltered by a gable-roofed bracketed portico over a concrete stoop , and its roof has typical Craftsman features . It was built in 1937-38 by a crew from the National Youth Administration with funding from the Works Progress Administration , and served for many years as a school building and social venue . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 14 , 1990 ( # 90000901 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'City Park Dr. 36°05′06″N 91°04′11″W / 36.085°N 91.069722°W / 36.085 ; -91.069722 ( Home Economics-F.F.A . Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portia,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Portia is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 437 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imboden Methodist Episcopal Church , South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imboden_Methodist_Episcopal_Church,_South', 'summary': "Imboden Methodist Episcopal Church , South , now the Imboden United Methodist Church , is a historic church at 113 Main Street in Imboden , Arkansas . It is a two-story brick building with Classical Revival styling . Designed by the Reverend James Glover , a former building contractor , it was built in 1922 for a congregation established in 1884 , and is the city 's finest example of Classical Revival architecture . It has a roughly cruciform plan , with a front porch supported by square posts , and topped by a parapet similar to that ringing the main roof . The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 30 , 2004 ( # 04000505 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '113 Main St. 36°12′17″N 91°10′25″W / 36.204722°N 91.173611°W / 36.204722 ; -91.173611 ( Imboden Methodist Episcopal Church , South )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imboden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imboden,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Imboden is a city in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 677 at the 2010 census . It is named after a family of settlers .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lawrence County Courthouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lawrence_County_Courthouse_(Arkansas)', 'summary': 'The Lawrence County Courthouse is a courthouse at 315 West Main Street in the center of Walnut Ridge , Arkansas , United States , the county seat of Lawrence County . It is a modern single-story building , finished in brick with cast stone trim . It was designed by the Arkansas firm Erhart , Eichenbaum , Rauch & Blass , and was built in 1965-66 . It stylistically embodies the New Formalism movement in architecture of that period , with tall and narrow windows topped by cast stone panels , and a flat-roof canopy sheltering a plate glass entrance area . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 28 , 2015 ( # 15000627 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '315 W. Main St. 36°04′12″N 90°57′28″W / 36.0701°N 90.9579°W / 36.0701 ; -90.9579 ( Lawrence County Courthouse )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 4,890 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Lawrence County . Walnut Ridge lies immediately north of Hoxie . The two towns form a contiguous urban area with approximately 8,000 residents . Williams Baptist University is in College City , a formerly separate community that merged into Walnut Ridge in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Missouri Pacific Depot-Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge_(Amtrak_station)', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a train station in Walnut Ridge , Arkansas , United States , that is currently served by Amtrak , the national railroad passenger system . It was originally a Missouri Pacific Railroad station and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 11 , 1992 ( # 92000622 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SW. 1st St. 36°04′03″N 90°57′24″W / 36.0675°N 90.956667°W / 36.0675 ; -90.956667 ( Missouri Pacific Depot-Walnut Ridge )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 4,890 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Lawrence County . Walnut Ridge lies immediately north of Hoxie . The two towns form a contiguous urban area with approximately 8,000 residents . Williams Baptist University is in College City , a formerly separate community that merged into Walnut Ridge in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old US 67 , Alicia to Hoxie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_US_67,_Alicia_to_Hoxie', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 67 ( US 67 ) is a U.S. highway running from Presidio , Texas northeast to Sabula , Iowa . In the U.S. state of Arkansas , the route runs 279.15 miles ( 449.25 km ) from the Texas border in Texarkana northeast to the Missouri border near Corning . The route passes through several cities and towns , including Hope , Benton , Little Rock , Jacksonville , Cabot , Beebe , Walnut Ridge , and Pocahontas .'}]}, {'value': 'May 18 , 2003 ( # 03000397 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st St. , County Roads 747 and 549 , and immediately east of the current U.S. Route 67 35°55′43″N 91°03′39″W / 35.928611°N 91.060833°W / 35.928611 ; -91.060833 ( Old US 67 , Alicia to Hoxie )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Route_67', 'summary': 'U.S. Route 67 is a major north-south U.S. highway which extends 1,560-mile-long ( 2,511 km ) in the Central United States . The southern terminus of the route is at the United States-Mexico border in Presidio , Texas , where it continues south as Mexican Federal Highway 16 upon crossing the Rio Grande . The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 52 in Sabula , Iowa . US 67 crosses the Mississippi River twice along its routing . The first crossing is at West Alton , Missouri , where US 67 uses the Clark Bridge to reach Alton , Illinois . About 240 miles ( 390 km ) to the north , US 67 crosses the river again at the Rock Island Centennial Bridge between Rock Island , Illinois , and Davenport , Iowa . Additionally , the route crosses the Missouri River via the Lewis Bridge a few miles southwest of the Clark Bridge .'}]}, {'value': 'Alicia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alicia,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Alicia is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 124 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Walnut Ridge Post Office', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Walnut_Ridge_Post_Office', 'summary': 'The Old Walnut Ridge Post Office is a historic commercial building at 225 West Main Street in Walnut Ridge , Arkansas . It is a 1-1/2 story T-shaped brick structure , five bays wide , with a side gable roof and a full concrete basement . Its Colonial Revival features include a centered entry , flanked by Ionic pilasters and topped by a broken gabled pediment . The remaining bays are filled with nine-over-nine sash windows . The eave is plain concrete , except for a course of modillions just below the roof line . The building was designed under Louis A. Simon of the Office of the Supervising Architect and was completed in 1935 . It served as a post office until 1977 , and then served as the facilities of the local Times Dispatch newspaper . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 .'}]}, {'value': 'May 20 , 1994 ( # 94000496 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '225 W. Main St. 36°04′10″N 90°57′27″W / 36.069444°N 90.9575°W / 36.069444 ; -90.9575 ( Old Walnut Ridge Post Office )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Walnut Ridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walnut_Ridge,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Walnut Ridge is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 4,890 at the 2010 census . The city is the county seat of Lawrence County . Walnut Ridge lies immediately north of Hoxie . The two towns form a contiguous urban area with approximately 8,000 residents . Williams Baptist University is in College City , a formerly separate community that merged into Walnut Ridge in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portia School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portia_School', 'summary': "The Portia School is a historic school building at City Park in Portia , Arkansas . The two story red brick structure was built in 1914 , and was the small town 's only school until 1948 . It is by far the most architecturally significant early-20th century building in the community . The building is five bays wide , with each pair of bays flanking the central one stepped back , giving it a rough cross shape . The entrance is housed in the central bay , with a gabled pediment at the roof line . The main roof is hipped , with brackets in the eaves and a cupola at the center . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ."}]}, {'value': 'December 13 , 1978 ( # 78000604 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'City Park 36°05′05″N 91°04′15″W / 36.084722°N 91.070833°W / 36.084722 ; -91.070833 ( Portia School )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portia,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Portia is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States . The population was 437 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powhatan Courthouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Courthouse', 'summary': "Powhatan Historic State Park ( formerly Powhatan Courthouse State Park ) is a 9.1-acre ( 3.7 ha ) Arkansas state park in Lawrence County , Arkansas in the United States . The park contains the 1888 Powhatan courthouse which served as the home of county government from 1869-1968 . Today the structure displays items of cultural and historical significance and hosts the park 's Visitor Center . The park includes four additional historical buildings and the Arkansas History Commission 's Northeast Arkansas Regional Archives . A tour of the historic structures is available . Powhatan served as an important stop for traffic on the Black River until the installation of the Kansas City-Memphis Railwayline two miles north in 1883 significantly decreased the need for river transportation ."}]}, {'value': 'February 16 , 1970 ( # 70000122 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off Highway 25 36°04′54″N 91°07′12″W / 36.081667°N 91.12°W / 36.081667 ; -91.12 ( Powhatan Courthouse )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_25', 'summary': 'Arkansas Highway 25 is a northeast-southwouthwest state highway in north central Arkansas . The route runs 85.66 miles ( 137.86 km ) from US 64 in Conway to US 63/412 in Black Rock through Greers Ferry , Batesville , and the foothills of The Ozarks .'}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Powhatan is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States , along the Black River . The population was 72 at the 2010 census , up from 50 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powhatan Jail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Jail', 'summary': "Powhatan Historic State Park ( formerly Powhatan Courthouse State Park ) is a 9.1-acre ( 3.7 ha ) Arkansas state park in Lawrence County , Arkansas in the United States . The park contains the 1888 Powhatan courthouse which served as the home of county government from 1869-1968 . Today the structure displays items of cultural and historical significance and hosts the park 's Visitor Center . The park includes four additional historical buildings and the Arkansas History Commission 's Northeast Arkansas Regional Archives . A tour of the historic structures is available . Powhatan served as an important stop for traffic on the Black River until the installation of the Kansas City-Memphis Railwayline two miles north in 1883 significantly decreased the need for river transportation ."}]}, {'value': 'October 16 , 1989 ( # 88003205 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 25 36°04′56″N 91°07′06″W / 36.082222°N 91.118333°W / 36.082222 ; -91.118333 ( Powhatan Jail )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_25', 'summary': 'Arkansas Highway 25 is a northeast-southwouthwest state highway in north central Arkansas . The route runs 85.66 miles ( 137.86 km ) from US 64 in Conway to US 63/412 in Black Rock through Greers Ferry , Batesville , and the foothills of The Ozarks .'}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Powhatan is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States , along the Black River . The population was 72 at the 2010 census , up from 50 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powhatan Methodist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Methodist_Church', 'summary': 'The Powhatan Methodist Church is a historic church on Arkansas Highway 25 in Powhatan , Arkansas . It is a single-story wood frame structure with a gable roof and a stone foundation . The main ( only ) entrance is in the east facade , and consists of a double door topped by a transom window . Flanking bays are filled with sash windows , identical to those found on the other facades . The interior has retained a number of original furnishings , including its pews and a pump organ . The church was built in 1872 , probably replacing an earlier log structure used by its congregation , which was founded in 1854 . The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 .'}]}, {'value': 'November 23 , 1977 ( # 77000260 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 25 36°04′55″N 91°07′12″W / 36.081944°N 91.12°W / 36.081944 ; -91.12 ( Powhatan Methodist Church )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_25', 'summary': 'Arkansas Highway 25 is a northeast-southwouthwest state highway in north central Arkansas . The route runs 85.66 miles ( 137.86 km ) from US 64 in Conway to US 63/412 in Black Rock through Greers Ferry , Batesville , and the foothills of The Ozarks .'}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Powhatan is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States , along the Black River . The population was 72 at the 2010 census , up from 50 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powhatan Schoolhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Schoolhouse', 'summary': "Powhatan Historic State Park ( formerly Powhatan Courthouse State Park ) is a 9.1-acre ( 3.7 ha ) Arkansas state park in Lawrence County , Arkansas in the United States . The park contains the 1888 Powhatan courthouse which served as the home of county government from 1869-1968 . Today the structure displays items of cultural and historical significance and hosts the park 's Visitor Center . The park includes four additional historical buildings and the Arkansas History Commission 's Northeast Arkansas Regional Archives . A tour of the historic structures is available . Powhatan served as an important stop for traffic on the Black River until the installation of the Kansas City-Memphis Railwayline two miles north in 1883 significantly decreased the need for river transportation ."}]}, {'value': 'July 31 , 1978 ( # 78000605 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highway 25 36°04′55″N 91°07′15″W / 36.081944°N 91.120833°W / 36.081944 ; -91.120833 ( Powhatan Schoolhouse )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_25', 'summary': 'Arkansas Highway 25 is a northeast-southwouthwest state highway in north central Arkansas . The route runs 85.66 miles ( 137.86 km ) from US 64 in Conway to US 63/412 in Black Rock through Greers Ferry , Batesville , and the foothills of The Ozarks .'}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Powhatan is a town in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States , along the Black River . The population was 72 at the 2010 census , up from 50 at the 2000 census .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Lawrence_County,_Arkansas_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lawrence County, Arkansas. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lawrence County, Arkansas, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 26 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Another 2 properties were once listed but have been removed.'}
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How many stories tall is the house in Imboden ?
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2-1/2
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ff7c67eb5ec43e3c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year', 'title': 'Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner ( s )', 'Work', 'Nominees'], 'data': [{'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2000', 'summary': 'The 1st Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held in Los Angeles at the Staples Center on Wednesday , September 13 , 2000 . The big winners were Luis Miguel , Santana and Maná with 3 awards ; Juan Luis Guerra , Shakira , Fito Páez and Emilio Estefan Jr. received 2 awards each . Winners were chosen by voting members of the Latin Academy from a list of finalists . The inaugural ceremony was broadcast live on CBS that year and was seen in more than 100 countries across the world . The two-hour show was the first bilingual broadcast ever to air on network television during prime time .'}]}, {'value': 'Luis Miguel · produced by Luis Miguel · engineered/mixed by Al Schmitt and Rafa Sardina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Miguel', 'summary': "Luis Miguel Gallego Basteri ( born 19 April 1970 ) is a Puerto Rican-born Mexican singer and icon in Latin America , often referred to as El Sol de México ( The Sun of Mexico ) . He is widely regarded by many as the most successful artist in Latin American history , having successfully performed in a wide range of musical styles , including pop , ballads , boleros , tangos , jazz , big band and mariachi . Luis Miguel is also recognized as the only Latin singer of his generation to not crossover to the anglo market during the Latin Explosion in the 1990s . Despite singing only in Spanish , he continued to be the best selling Latin artist in the 1990s , and was credited for popularizing the bolero genre into the mainstream market . To date , he has sold over 100 million records worldwide . Latin pop music , along with his personal life and showmanship on stage , has made Luis Miguel popular for nearly his entire career , which started in Mexico in 1982 . Having won his first Grammy Award at the age of fourteen for his duet Me Gustas Tal Como Eres with Sheena Easton , he is the youngest male artist in music history to have received this accolade . In 1991 , the RIAA recognized the high sales for his 1991 album Romance , itself being the third best-selling music album in Mexico , and one of the best-selling Spanish language albums of all time . He was the first Latin artist to have been awarded two Platinum certified Spanish-language albums in the United States with Romance and Segundo Romance the latter earning him 35 platinum records throughout Central and South America . He is also recognized by Billboard , as the artist with the most top 10 hits on the Billboard 's Hot Latin Songs chart . His album Complices was released in 2008 and peaked at No.10 on the Billboard 200 ; it is the highest position a fully Spanish composed album has reached . His most recent album ¡México Por Siempre !"}, {'url': '/wiki/Al_Schmitt', 'summary': 'Albert Harry Schmitt is an American recording engineer and record producer . He has won over twenty Grammy Awards for his work with Henry Mancini , Steely Dan , George Benson , Toto , Natalie Cole , Quincy Jones , and others .'}]}, {'value': 'Amarte Es Un Placer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amarte_Es_un_Placer_(album)', 'summary': 'Amarte Es un Placer ( transl . Loving You Is a Pleasure ) is the thirteenth studio album by Mexican singer Luis Miguel . It was released by WEA Latina on 13 September 1999 . Produced by Miguel , it is a pop album with R & B and jazz influences . Miguel was more involved with the songwriting on this record than on earlier albums and was assisted by composers including Arturo Pérez , Armando Manzanero , and Juan Carlos Calderón . Despite the popularity of his contemporaries Ricky Martin and Enrique Iglesias who crossed over to the English-language market , Miguel preferred to sing and record in Spanish at the time . Four singles were released to promote the album : Sol , Arena y Mar , O Tú o Ninguna , Dormir Contigo , and the title track Amarte Es un Placer . Miguel embarked on a world tour which lasted from September 1999 into May 2000 . He performed in Spain , South America , Mexico , and the United States . It became the highest-grossing tour by a Spanish-speaking recording artist . Amarte Es un Placer debuted at number one in Spain and on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart in the United States . It was certified gold in the United States and achieved multi-platinum status in Argentina , Chile , Mexico , and Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Juan Luis Guerra - Ni Es Lo Mismo Ni Es Igual ( Guerra , producer ; Carlos Alvarez , Mike Couzzi , Bolivar Gómez , Miguel Hernández , Luis Mansilla , Carlos Ordehl , Eric Ramos , July Ruiz , Eric Schilling , engineers/mixers ) Caetano Veloso - Livro ( Jaques Morelenbaum , Veloso , producers ; Moogie Canazio , engineer/mixer ) Carlos Vives - El Amor de Mi Tierra ( Emilio Estefan , Juan Vicente Zambrano , producers ; Marcelo Añez , Scott Canto , Alfred Figueroa , Javier Garza , Sebastian Krys , Carlos Nieto , Freddy Piñero , Jr. , Carlos Santos , Cesar Sogbe , Ron Taylor , engineers/mixers ) Shakira - MTV Unplugged ( Tim Mitchell , Shakira , producers ; Adam Blackburn , Eric Shilling , engineers/mixers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra', 'summary': 'Juan Luis Guerra Seijas ( born June 7 , 1957 ) , is a Dominican musician , singer , composer , and record producer . He has sold over 70 million records , and has won numerous awards including 21 Latin Grammy Awards , two Grammy Awards , and two Latin Billboard Music Awards . Guerra won 3 Latin Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Album of the Year . In 2012 , he won the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year . Guerra is one of the most internationally recognized Latin artists of recent decades . His popular style of merengue and Afro-Latin fusion has garnered him considerable success throughout Latin America . He is also credited for popularizing bachata music on a global level and is often associated with the genre , although his distinct style of bachata features a more traditional bolero rhythm and aesthetic mixed with bossa-nova influenced melodies and harmony in some of his songs . He does not limit himself to one style of music ; instead , he incorporates diverse rhythms like merengue , bachata-fusion , balada , salsa , rock and roll , and even gospel . Ojalá Que Llueva Café ( I Hope it Rains Coffee ) is one of his most critically acclaimed pieces .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ni_Es_Lo_Mismo_Ni_Es_Igual', 'summary': 'Ni Es lo Mismo Ni Es Igual ( English : Neither Is It The Same Nor Is It Equal ) is the eighth studio album recorded by Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra and his backup vocals 4-40 , It was released by Karen Records on December 15 , 1998 ( see 1998 in music ) . The album production and song writing were done by Guerra himself . The album peaked # 4 on the Top Latin Albums and # 2 on the Tropical Albums chart and received a gold certification for selling over 400,000 copies . Two singles from the album reached # 1 on the Hot Latin Tracks chart . The album was well received by critics ; it received two Latin Grammy Awards as well as a nomination for Album of the Year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Caetano_Veloso', 'summary': "Caetano Emanuel Viana Telles Veloso ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kaeˈtɐ̃nu emanuˈɛw viˈɐ̃nɐ ˈtɛlis veˈlozu ] ; born August 7 , 1942 ) is a Brazilian composer , singer , guitarist , writer , and political activist . Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo , which encompassed theatre , poetry and music in the 1960s , at the beginning of the Brazilian military dictatorship . He has remained a constant creative influence and best-selling performing artist and composer ever since . Veloso has won nine Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards . On November 14 , 2012 , Veloso was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year . Veloso was one of seven children born into the family of José Telles Velloso ( Seu Zeca ) , [ clarification needed ] a government official , and Claudionor Viana Telles Veloso ( Dona Canô ) , [ clarification needed ] a housewife . He was born in the city of Santo Amaro da Purificação , in Bahia , a state in the eastern area of Brazil , but moved to Salvador , the state capital , as a college student in the mid-1960s . Soon after that , Veloso won a music contest and was signed to his first label . He became one of the founders of Tropicalismo with a group of several other musicians and artists - including his sister Maria Bethânia - in the same period . However the Brazilian government at the time viewed Veloso 's music and political action as threatening , and he was arrested , along with fellow musician Gilberto Gil , in 1969 . The two eventually were exiled from Brazil and went to London where they lived for two years . In 1972 , Veloso moved back to his home country and once again began recording and performing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Livro', 'summary': 'Livro is an album by Caetano Veloso , released through the record label Nonesuch in 1998 . In 2000 , the album earned Veloso the Grammy Award for Best World Music Album and a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year , in addition to winning the Latin Grammy Award for Best MPB Album . [ I ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jaques_Morelenbaum', 'summary': "Jaques Morelenbaum ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʒakiz moɾelẽˈbaw̃ ] , Rio de Janeiro , May 18 , 1954 ) is a Brazilian instrumentalist , arranger , conductor , composer and music producer . Morelenbaum is the son of conductor Henrique Morelenbaum and piano teacher Sarah Morelenbaum . His siblings are Lucia Morelenbaum , clarinetist in the Brazilian Symphony Orchestra ; and Eduardo Morelenbaum , conductor , arranger and instrumentalist . He is married to the singer Paula Morelenbaum . He started his musical career as part of the group A Barca do Sol , and participated in the Nova Banda that performed live with Antonio Carlos Jobim and in recordings that led to a Grammy win for the CD Antonio Brasileiro . As a cellist , he studied music in Brazil and later attended the New England Conservatory of Music . In 1995 , with Paula Morelenbaum , Paulo Jobim and Daniel Jobim he created the Quarteto Jobim Morelenbaum . The group has toured Europe several times , including an appearance at the Expo'98 held in Lisbon . They have also toured the United States and Brazil , and have recorded a CD ( Quarteto Jobim Morelenbaum ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Vives', 'summary': 'Carlos Alberto Vives Restrepo ( born 7 August 1961 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter and actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Amor_de_Mi_Tierra', 'summary': 'El Amor de Mi Tierra is the ninth album by Colombian singer/composer Carlos Vives released on October 19 , 1999 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Emilio_Estefan', 'summary': 'Emilio Estefan Gómez ( born March 4 , 1953 ) is a Cuban-American musician and producer . Estefan has won 19 Grammy Awards . He first came to prominence as a member of the Miami Sound Machine . He is the husband of singer Gloria Estefan , father of son Nayib Estefan and daughter Emily Estefan , and the uncle of Spanish-language television personality Lili Estefan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Javier_Garza', 'summary': 'Javier Garza is an American sound engineer and mixer from Florida . Garza has done production work on a large number of successful major-label albums since 1990 , and has won two Grammy Awards and nine Latin Grammy Awards . Among the artists whose music Garza has mixed are Gloria Estefan , Ricky Martin , Madonna , Thalía , Shakira , Carlos Vives , Marc Anthony , Vic Damone , Jennifer Lopez , Jon Secada , Alejandro Sanz , Jaci Velasquez , Paulina Rubio . Los Claxons'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Krys', 'summary': 'Sebastian Krys ( born November 11 , 1970 ) is an Argentine-born American audio engineer and record producer . A five-time Grammy and 12-time Latin Grammy winner , Krys has worked with many Spanish language pop and rock artists such as Sergio Dalma , Eros Ramazzotti , Sandy & Junior , Gloria Estefan , Carlos Vives , Shakira , Alejandro Sanz , Luis Fonsi , Vega , Kinky , Los Rabanes , Obie Bermúdez , Ricky Martin , Marc Anthony , Lori Meyers , Fangoria , La Santa Cecilia and Will Smith .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shakira', 'summary': "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( /ʃəˈkɪərə/ ; Spanish : [ ʃaˈkiɾa ] ; born February 2 , 1977 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter , dancer , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Barranquilla , she made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13 . Following the commercial failure of her first two Colombian albums , Magia ( 1991 ) and Peligro ( 1993 ) , she rose to prominence in Spanish-speaking countries with her next albums , Pies Descalzos ( 1995 ) and Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album , Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . It sold over 13 million copies and spawned the international number-one singles Whenever , Wherever and Underneath Your Clothes . Her success was further solidified with the Spanish albums Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 ( 2005 ) , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) , and El Dorado ( 2017 ) , all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and were certified diamante by the Recording Industry Association of America . Meanwhile , her English albums Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 ( 2005 ) , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Shakira ( 2014 ) were all certified gold , platinum , or multi-platinum in various countries worldwide . Some of her songs have charted at number one in multiple countries , including La Tortura , Hips Do n't Lie , Beautiful Liar , Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) , Loca , and Chantaje . Shakira served as a coach on two seasons of the American singing competition television series The Voice from 2013 to 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Shakira_album)', 'summary': 'MTV Unplugged is the first live album by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira , released on 29 February 2000 , by Columbia Records and Sony Latin . It was recorded on 12 August 1999 , during her MTV Unplugged performance at the Grand Ballroom in New York City . The performance was released in 2000 as a live album , and again in 2002 as a DVD . It was critically acclaimed by American critics and earned Shakira the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tim_Mitchell', 'summary': 'Tim Mitchell is a Grammy winning music record producer , songwriter , and guitarist from Detroit , Michigan .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2001', 'summary': 'The winners of the Second Annual Latin Grammy Awards were announced during a press conference on Tuesday , October 30 , 2001 at the Conga Room in Los Angeles , California . The conference , which was broadcast live on the internet , was hosted by Jimmy Smits and Paul Rodriguez . Alejandro Sanz was the big winner winning four awards including Album of the Year . Juanes won three awards including Best New Artist .'}]}, {'value': 'Alejandro Sanz · produced by Emanuele Ruffinengo · engineered/mixed by Joel Numa , Roberto Cantele and Roberto Maccagno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'El Alma al Aire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Alma_Al_Aire', 'summary': 'El Alma al Aire ( The Soul to Air ) is the sixth studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz , It was released by WEA Latina on September 26 , 2000 ( see 2000 in music ) . It is one of his more suggestive and emotive works . It beat all the records of sale of the Spanish market on having reached the 1,000,000 copies in the first week .'}]}, {'value': 'Vicente Amigo - Ciudad de las Ideas ( Amigo , producer ; Boris Alarcón , Antonio Algarrada , Oscar Clavel , Nigel Walker , engineers/mixers ) Gilberto Gil - As Canções de Eu Tu Eles ( Gil , producer ; Vitor Farias , Marcelo Machado , Nas Nuvens , engineers/mixers ) Juanes - Fíjate Bien ( Gustavo Santaolalla , producer ; Anibal Kerpel , Thom Russo , engineers/mixers ) Paulina Rubio - Paulina ( Marcello Azevedo , producer ; Silvio Richetto , engineers/mixers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vicente_Amigo', 'summary': 'Vicente Amigo Girol ( born 25 March 1967 ) is a Spanish flamenco composer and guitarist , born in Guadalcanal near Seville . He has played as an accompanying guitarist on recordings by flamenco singers Camarón de la Isla , and Luis de Córdoba , and he has acted as a producer for Remedios Amaya and José Mercé . His album Ciudad de las Ideas won the 2001 Latin Grammy for the Best Flamenco Album and the 2002 Ondas award for the best Flamenco work .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ciudad_de_las_Ideas_(album)', 'summary': 'Ciudad de las Ideas ( City of Ideas ) is an album released by Spanish performer Vicente Amigo in 2000 . The album earned Amigo a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year [ I ] and won Best Flamenco Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gilberto_Gil', 'summary': "Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira ( born 26 June 1942 ) , known professionally as Gilberto Gil ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʒiwˈbɛʁtu ˈʒiw ] ) , is a Brazilian singer , guitarist , and songwriter , known for both his musical innovation and political activism . From 2003 to 2008 , he served as Brazil 's Minister of Culture in the administration of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva . Gil 's musical style incorporates an eclectic range of influences , including rock , Brazilian genres including samba , African music , and reggae . Gil started to play music as a child and was a teenager when he joined his first band . He began his career as a bossa nova musician and grew to write songs that reflected a focus on political awareness and social activism . He was a key figure in the Música popular brasileira and tropicália movements of the 1960s , alongside artists such as longtime collaborator Caetano Veloso . The Brazilian military regime that took power in 1964 saw both Gil and Veloso as a threat , and the two were held for nine months in 1969 before they were told to leave the country . Gil moved to London , but returned to Bahia in 1972 and continued his musical career , as well as working as a politician and environmental advocate ."}, {'url': '/wiki/As_Canções_de_Eu_Tu_Eles', 'summary': "As Canções de Eu Tu Eles ( The songs of Me , You , Them ) is an album released by Brazilian singer-songwriter Gilberto Gil in 2001 . The album is the soundtrack for the 2000 film Eu Tu Eles directed by Andrucha Waddington , starred by Regina Casé , Lima Duarte , Stênio Garcia and Luiz Carlos Vasconcelos . Set in Russas , the film is about a countywoman who lives together with her three husbands and two children in the arid backlands of the northeast of Brazil . At the 2000 Cannes Film Festival it earned a Special Distinction in the Un Certain Regard section . Waddington asked Gil to record the album , which also became Gil 's tribute to Luiz Gonzaga The King of the Baião , recording songs previously released by Gonzaga , such as Assum Preto , Asa Branca , Juazeiro , and Qui Nem Jiló . Gil also wrote songs especially for this movie soundtrack , As Pegadas do Amor and Lamento Sertanejo . The first single released , Esperando Na Janela , became a hit in Brazil in 2000 . There is also a song recorded by Gil on his album Dia Dorim , Noite Neon ( 1995 ) , Casinha Feliz , that is recreated and closes the album , which was recorded in ten days . The album was named by Phillip Jandovský of Allmusic one of Gil 's best since the 1970s and a very authentic and down-to-earth tribute to the old masters of the popular music of the Brazilian Northeast region . Alvaro Neder , also of Allmusic , referred to the music on the album as delicious , with the songs filled with the genuine soul of the suffering northeast . As Canções de Eu Tu Eles received a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year [ I ] and was awarded for Best Brazilian Roots/Regional Album . The song Esperando Na Janela earned the Latin Grammy for Best Brazilian Song and was nominated for Record of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Juanes', 'summary': "Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez ( born August 9 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Juanes , is a Colombian musician who was a member of the rock band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist . In 2000 , his solo debut album Fíjate Bien won three Latin Grammy Awards . According to his record label , Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide . Raised in Colombia , Juanes began playing piano at age two . When Juanes was 17 , he started his first band , Ekhymosis , in 1988 , which went on to release Eight albums , achieving recognition in his native country of Colombia . The track Dos from the album Niño Gigante in 1992 was very popular . In 1997 after the band broke up , Juanes continued solo and in 2000 he released the album , Fíjate Bien , which earned him three Latin Grammys . His follow-up album , Un Día Normal , was released in 2000 and was later certified platinum in Guatemala and Uruguay throughout Latin America . Juanes ' third album , Mi Sangre ( 2004 ) , which became an international bestseller , managing to position well in a number of countries around the world , achieved success due to the single La Camisa Negra . He has since released La Vida . Es Un Ratico ( 2007 ) and P.A.R.C.E . ( 2010 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fíjate_Bien', 'summary': 'Fíjate Bien ( Spanish for Pay Attention ) is the debut studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes , It was released by Universal Music Latino on October 17 , 2000 ( see 2000 in music ) . The album was produced by Gustavo Santaolalla , who is known for his contributions to Latin rock tracks . All the songs on the album were written by Juanes himself . The strings were arranged , orchestrated and conducted by David Campbell , who has also worked on several other albums by Juanes . The album received six Latin Grammy Award nominations in 2001 including Album of the Year , Record of the Year and Song of the Year , Best Short Form Music Video for Fijate Bien ; Best Rock Solo Vocal Album and Best New Artist winning the later two . The album was certified Disco de Platino by the RIAA on June 23 , 2001 for shipping 100,000 copies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla', 'summary': 'Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( born 19 August 1951 ) is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer . He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years , for Brokeback Mountain in 2005 , and Babel in 2006 . More recently , he composed the original score for the video game The Last of Us ( 2013 ) , and the theme music for The CW series Jane the Virgin ( 2014-2019 ) and the Netflix series Making a Murderer ( 2015-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Thom_Russo', 'summary': 'Thomas Thom Russo is an American record producer , composer , engineer , mixer and songwriter . His works range from Anglo-American pop/rock to Alternative Latin . He is a recipient of 16 Grammy awards'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paulina_Rubio', 'summary': "Paulina Susana Rubio Dosamantes ( Spanish pronunciation : [ pauˈlina ˈruβjo ] ; born 17 June 1971 ) , generally known professionally as Paulina Rubio , is a Mexican singer , actress , television music competition judge , hostess , model , and businesswoman . She achieved recognition as original member of the pop group Timbiriche from 1982 through 1991 , where she stood out as one of the main members . She appeared in 3 Mexican soap operas and 1 film in her first years of professional artistic career . Since then , Rubio has been a recording artist and has achieved commercial success in the entertainment industry and has been recognised with honorific nicknames , the most notably as the Queen of Latin Pop . Born and raised in Mexico City , Mexico , Rubio has worked and lived in Mexico , Miami and Madrid since the 1990s . She signed to record label EMI Music in 1992 and released her first studio album La Chica Dorada . In 1997 , she left EMI and signed with Universal Music where she released her self-titled studio album which received positive reviews from critics and was an international success . The single Y Yo Sigo Aquí became one of the most successful Latin singles of the 2000s , and was nominated to Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year . With Universal Music , she also released other five studio albums . Rubio has sold over 15 million records worldwide , and is considered one of the most influential Latin celebrities in the world by Univision . Rubio 's successful singles include Mío , Amor de Mujer , Nieva , Nieva , Te Daria Mi Vida , Y Yo Sigo Aqui , Lo Haré Por Ti , El Último Adiós , Yo No Soy Esa Mujer , Do n't Say Goodbye , Te Quise Tanto and Ni Una Sola Palabra . In 2012 , Rubio served as a coach on the second season of La Voz ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Paulina_(album)', 'summary': "Paulina is the eponymous fifth studio album by Mexican singer Paulina Rubio , released on May 23 , 2000 by Universal Music Latino . It was nominated at the second Latin Grammy Awards for Album of the Year , Best Female Pop Vocal Album , and Best Song for Y Yo Sigo Aquí . There was also a nomination for the video of her single Yo No Soy Esa Mujer , directed by Gustavo Garzón , at the third Latin Grammy Awards . The album became the biggest-selling Spanish language record in the United States in 2001 , according to Nielsen SoundScan sold 2.5 million copies worldwide by 2002 and to date sold three million copies worldwide which makes this album as Paulina 's best-selling album to date . Paulina is one of the 10 best-selling albums in Mexico with multi-platinum certification ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2002', 'summary': "The 3rd Annual Latin Grammys were held in Los Angeles at the Kodak Theatre on Wednesday , September 18 , 2002 . Alejandro Sanz was the night 's big winner winning a total of three awards including Album of the Year . The ceremony returned in style after the 2001 ceremony was cancelled because of the September 11 , 2001 terrorist attacks across America , and all presenters apologized to viewers during the broadcast for such ."}]}, {'value': "Alejandro Sanz · produced by Humberto Gatica · engineered/mixed by Kenny O'Brien , Chris Brook , and Eric Schilling", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Humberto_Gatica', 'summary': 'Humberto Gatica is a Chilean-born American record producer , music mixer , audio engineer and a long-time collaborator with producer David Foster . He is a 16-time Grammy Award Winner .'}]}, {'value': 'MTV Unplugged', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Alejandro_Sanz_album)', 'summary': "MTV Unplugged is the second live album from Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz , which turns him into the first Spanish artist in recording an unplugged for MTV , and in this opportunity he resorts to Humberto Gatica 's talent as producer and arranger . This album contains an inedit song , Y Sólo Se Me Ocurre Amarte dedicated to his daughter Manuela , the song Aprendiz that Alejandro composed for the Spanish singer Malú , a different version of Cómo Te Echo de Menos and a flamenco song , Todo Es de Color by Manuel Molina ."}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Bosé - Sereno ( Peter Walsh , producer ; Alessandro Benedetti , Walsh , engineer/mixer ) Celia Cruz - La Negra Tiene Tumbao ( Sergio George , Isidro Infante , Johnny Pacheco , producers ; Mario de Jesús , Jon Fausty , engineer/mixer ) Ivan Lins - Jobiniando ( Roberto Menescal , producer ; Guiherme Reis , engineer/mixer ) Carlos Vives - Déjame Entrar ( Vives , Andrés Castro , Emilio Estefan , Sebastian Krys , producers ; Javier Garza , Krys , engineers/mixers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Bosé', 'summary': 'Luis Miguel González Bosé ( born April 3 , 1956 ) , usually known as Miguel Bosé , is a Panamanian-born Spanish pop new wave musician and actor . Bosé became an honorary Colombian citizen in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sereno_(album)', 'summary': 'Sereno ( Serene ) is the 14th studio album by Latin Grammy-winning Spanish musician and actor Miguel Bosé . It was released by WEA Latina on January 29 , 2002 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Celia_Cruz', 'summary': 'Úrsula Hilaria Celia de la Caridad Cruz Alfonso ( October 21 , 1925 - July 16 , 2003 ) , known as Celia Cruz , was a Cuban singer and one of the most popular Latin artists of the 20th century . Cruz rose to fame in Cuba during the 1950s as a singer of guarachas , earning the nickname La Guarachera de Cuba . In the following decades , she became known internationally as the Queen of Salsa or The Queen of Latin Music due to her contributions to Latin music in the United States . She began her career in her native Cuba , earning recognition as a vocalist of the popular musical group Sonora Matancera , a musical association that lasted fifteen years ( 1950-1965 ) . Cruz mastered a wide variety of Afro-Cuban music styles including guaracha , rumba , afro , son and bolero , recording numerous singles in these styles for Seeco Records . In the early 1960s , after the Cuban Revolution caused the nationalization of the music industry , Cruz left her native country , becoming one of the symbols and spokespersons of the Cuban community in exile . Cruz continued her career , first in Mexico , and then in the United States , the country that she took as her definitive residence . In the 1960s , she collaborated with Tito Puente , recording her signature tune Bemba colorá . In the 1970s , she signed for Fania Records and became strongly associated with the salsa genre , releasing hits such as Quimbara . She often appeared live with Fania All-Stars and collaborated with Johnny Pacheco and Willie Colón . During the last years of her career , Cruz continued to release successful songs such as La vida es un carnaval and La negra tiene tumbao . Her musical legacy is made up of a total of 37 studio albums , as well as numerous live albums and collaborations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/La_Negra_Tiene_Tumbao', 'summary': "La Negra Tiene Tumbao ( English : The Black Woman 's Got Style ) is the 59th album recorded by Cuban salsa recording artist Celia Cruz . It was released by Sony Music on 2 October 2001 . It featured musical collaborations with Mikey Perfecto and Johnny Pacheco and was produced by Sergio George , Isidro Infante , Pacheco , Oscar Gomez , and Angel Carrasco . Upon release , the album debuted at number five on the Billboard Latin Albums chart and number two on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart . It also managed to debut at number thirty-eight on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums . At the third Latin Grammy Awards , the album won Best Salsa Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . The lead single off the album and title track , La Negra Tiene Tumbao , was nominated for Song of the Year , Record of the Year and Best Music Video . It featured two other singles , Hay Que Empezar Otra Vez and Pa ' Arriba No Va ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergio_George', 'summary': "Sergio George ( born May 23 , 1961 ) is an American/Puerto Rican pianist , arranger , and record producer , known for working with many famous performers of salsa music , although he has worked in other genres of the music industry as well . He has worked with some of Latin music 's most popular artists starting with Marc Anthony , DLG , Jennifer Lopez , Tito Nieves , Víctor Manuelle , Frankie Negrón , Johnny Rivera , Ray Sepúlveda , Tito Puente , Thalia , Orquesta de la Luz , Ivy Queen , Celia Cruz , La India , Jerry Rivera , Bacilos , Leslie Grace , Toby Love , Cheo Feliciano , Prince Royce , Liz Elias , Indy Flow , among others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Pacheco', 'summary': 'Johnny Pacheco ( born 25 March 1935 ) is a Dominican musician , arranger , composer , producer , and bandleader of Salsa music ( guaracha , son montuno , danzón , cha cha chá , guajira-son , pachanga ) . He is one of the most influential figures in Latin music , best known for being the creator of the Fania All-Stars and Fania Records , and for coining the term Salsa to denote the genre . Pacheco is widely recognized as a salsa pioneer and innovator and is a 9-time Grammy nominee and was awarded the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by The Latin Recording Academy in 2005 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Lins', 'summary': 'Ivan Guimarães Lins ( born June 16 , 1945 ) is a Latin Grammy-winning Brazilian musician . He has been an active performer and songwriter of Brazilian popular music ( MPB ) and jazz for over thirty years . His first hit , Madalena , was recorded by Elis Regina in 1970 . Love Dance , a hit in 1989 , is one of the most recorded songs in musical history . [ citation needed ] His songs have been covered by Patti Austin , David Benoit , George Benson , Michael Bublé , Eliane Elias , Ella Fitzgerald , Dave Grusin , Shirley Horn , Quincy Jones , Steve Kuhn , the Manhattan Transfer , Sérgio Mendes , Jane Monheit , Mark Murphy , Carmen McRae , Joe Pass , Lee Ritenour , Sarah Vaughan , Diane Schuur , Sting , Barbra Streisand , Take 6 , Toots Thielemans , and Nancy Wilson .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Menescal', 'summary': "Roberto Menescal ( born October 25 , 1937 ) is a Brazilian composer , record producer , guitarist , vocalist , and pioneer of bossa nova . In many of his songs there are references to the sea , including his best-known composition O Barquinho ( Little Boat ) . He is also known for work with Carlos Lyra , Nara Leão , Wanda Sá , Ale Vanzella , and many others . Menescal has performed in Latin music genres such as Música popular brasileira ( Brazilian pop ) , bossa nova , and samba . He was nominated for a Latin Grammy for his work with his son 's bossa group Bossacucanova in 2002 and received the 2013 Latin Recording Academy Special Awards in Las Vegas in November 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Vives', 'summary': 'Carlos Alberto Vives Restrepo ( born 7 August 1961 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter and actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Déjame_Entrar_(album)', 'summary': 'Déjame Entrar is the tenth studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Carlos Vives , It was released on November 6 , 2001 ( see 2001 in music ) . It won for Grammy Award for Best Traditional Tropical Latin Album in the 44th Annual Grammy Awards on February 27 , 2002 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Emilio_Estefan', 'summary': 'Emilio Estefan Gómez ( born March 4 , 1953 ) is a Cuban-American musician and producer . Estefan has won 19 Grammy Awards . He first came to prominence as a member of the Miami Sound Machine . He is the husband of singer Gloria Estefan , father of son Nayib Estefan and daughter Emily Estefan , and the uncle of Spanish-language television personality Lili Estefan .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Krys', 'summary': 'Sebastian Krys ( born November 11 , 1970 ) is an Argentine-born American audio engineer and record producer . A five-time Grammy and 12-time Latin Grammy winner , Krys has worked with many Spanish language pop and rock artists such as Sergio Dalma , Eros Ramazzotti , Sandy & Junior , Gloria Estefan , Carlos Vives , Shakira , Alejandro Sanz , Luis Fonsi , Vega , Kinky , Los Rabanes , Obie Bermúdez , Ricky Martin , Marc Anthony , Lori Meyers , Fangoria , La Santa Cecilia and Will Smith .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2003', 'summary': "The 4th Annual Latin Grammys were held in Miami at the American Airlines Arena on Wednesday , September 3 , 2003 . It was the first time the telecast was held outside of Los Angeles . Juanes was the night 's biggest winner winning a record five awards including Album of the Year . He tied his own record winning five awards again five years later in 2008 . Juan Luis Guerra and Calle 13 also tied this record in 2007 and 2009 respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Juanes · produced by Gustavo Santaolalla · engineered/mixed by Anibal Kerpel , Joe Chiccarelli and Thom Russo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juanes', 'summary': "Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez ( born August 9 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Juanes , is a Colombian musician who was a member of the rock band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist . In 2000 , his solo debut album Fíjate Bien won three Latin Grammy Awards . According to his record label , Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide . Raised in Colombia , Juanes began playing piano at age two . When Juanes was 17 , he started his first band , Ekhymosis , in 1988 , which went on to release Eight albums , achieving recognition in his native country of Colombia . The track Dos from the album Niño Gigante in 1992 was very popular . In 1997 after the band broke up , Juanes continued solo and in 2000 he released the album , Fíjate Bien , which earned him three Latin Grammys . His follow-up album , Un Día Normal , was released in 2000 and was later certified platinum in Guatemala and Uruguay throughout Latin America . Juanes ' third album , Mi Sangre ( 2004 ) , which became an international bestseller , managing to position well in a number of countries around the world , achieved success due to the single La Camisa Negra . He has since released La Vida . Es Un Ratico ( 2007 ) and P.A.R.C.E . ( 2010 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla', 'summary': 'Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( born 19 August 1951 ) is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer . He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years , for Brokeback Mountain in 2005 , and Babel in 2006 . More recently , he composed the original score for the video game The Last of Us ( 2013 ) , and the theme music for The CW series Jane the Virgin ( 2014-2019 ) and the Netflix series Making a Murderer ( 2015-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Chiccarelli', 'summary': "Joe Chiccarelli , a native of Boston , Massachusetts is a music producer , mixer and engineer who has been active since the 1980s . He has produced albums by Stan Ridgway , Morrissey , Oingo Boingo , Spoon , The Shins , Sandra Bernhard , My Morning Jacket , Counting Crows , Augie March , Manchester Orchestra , Minus the Bear , Boy & Bear , Kurt Elling , Saints Of Valory , and Big Talk . Other artists include Elton John , Rufus Wainright , U2 , Alanis Morissette , Beck , Etta James , Jamie Cullum , Al Stewart , Tori Amos , The Strokes , The Killers , , Cage The Elephant , Cafe Tacuba , Pink Martini , Christina Perri , Glenn Frey and Jason Mraz . Chiccarelli also engineered Frank Zappa 's albums Sheik Yerbouti , Joe 's Garage Acts I , II & III and Tinseltown Rebellion , and engineered the White Stripes 2007 album Icky Thump . He also engineered The Raconteurs , Consolers of the Lonely , for which he received his eighth of ten Grammy awards , for Best Engineered Album of 2008"}]}, {'value': 'Un Día Normal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Un_Día_Normal', 'summary': 'Un Día Normal ( English : A Normal Day ) is the second studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes , It was released by Universal Music Latino on May 21 , 2002 ( see 2002 in music ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Bacilos - Caraluna ( Sergio George , Bacilos , Luis F. Ochoa , Gonzalo Vazquez , producers ; Gustavo Afont , Fausty , Iker Gastraminsa , Jaime Lagueruela , Bob St. John , Eric Schilling , Vasquez , engineer/mixer ) Rubén Blades - Mundo ( Blades , Walter Flores , Edín Solís , producers ; Flores , Oscar Marín , Daniela Pastore , Solís , engineers/mixers ) Alexandre Pires - Estrella Guía ( Danilo Ballo , Antonio Carmona , Pedro Ferreira , Fernando Illan , Rey Nerio , Rudy Pérez , Pires , Julio Reyes , Emanuele Ruffinengo , Juan Vicente Zambrano , producers ; Carlos Álvarez , Alex Angeloni , Danilo Ballo , Bob Benozzo , Andres Bermúdez , Nico Bloise , Gustavo Celis , Roberto Il Mac Maccagno , Duda Mello , Freddy Piñero , Jr. , Edu Recife , Enrico Romano , Emanuele Ruffinengo , Hector Sagrario , Richard Serotta , Felipe Tichauer , Bruce Weeden , Bruno Zucchetti , engineers/mixers ) Tribalistas - Tribalistas ( Arnaldo Antunes , Carlinhos Brown , Marisa Monte , Alé Siqueira , producers ; Monte , Flavio De Souza , William Jr. , Antoine Midani , Siqueira , engineers/mixers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bacilos', 'summary': 'Bacilos is a music group based in Miami , Florida , US . A leading practitioner of latin pop , the band had several hits on the Billboard Latin charts and had considerable success in the Latin Grammies , most notably , their albums Caraluna and Sin Vergüenza won the 2003 and 2005 Grammy Awards for Best Latin Pop Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Caraluna', 'summary': 'Caraluna ( Moonface ) is the second studio album recorded by Bacilos released on July 16 , 2002 . The album won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Album by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 2003 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergio_George', 'summary': "Sergio George ( born May 23 , 1961 ) is an American/Puerto Rican pianist , arranger , and record producer , known for working with many famous performers of salsa music , although he has worked in other genres of the music industry as well . He has worked with some of Latin music 's most popular artists starting with Marc Anthony , DLG , Jennifer Lopez , Tito Nieves , Víctor Manuelle , Frankie Negrón , Johnny Rivera , Ray Sepúlveda , Tito Puente , Thalia , Orquesta de la Luz , Ivy Queen , Celia Cruz , La India , Jerry Rivera , Bacilos , Leslie Grace , Toby Love , Cheo Feliciano , Prince Royce , Liz Elias , Indy Flow , among others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rubén_Blades', 'summary': "Rubén Blades Bellido de Luna ( born July 16 , 1948 ) , known professionally as Rubén Blades ( Spanish : [ ruˈβem ˈblaðes ] , but [ - ˈbleðz ] in Panama and within the family ) , is a Panamanian singer , songwriter , actor , musician , activist , and politician , performing musically most often in the Afro-Puerto Rican , salsa , and Latin jazz genres . As a songwriter , Blades brought the lyrical sophistication of Central American nueva canción and Puerto Rico nueva trova as well as experimental tempos and politically inspired Nuyorican salsa to his music , creating thinking persons ' ( salsa ) dance music . Blades has written dozens of hit songs , including Pedro Navaja and El Cantante ( which became Héctor Lavoe 's signature song ) . He has won nine Grammy Awards out of seventeen nominations and five Latin Grammy Awards . His acting career began in 1983 , and has continued , sometimes with several-year breaks to focus on other projects . He has prominent roles in films such as Crossover Dreams ( 1985 ) , The Milagro Beanfield War ( 1988 ) , The Super ( 1991 ) , Predator 2 ( 1992 ) , Color of Night ( 1994 ) , Safe House ( 2012 ) , The Counselor ( 2013 ) and Hands of Stone ( 2016 ) , along with three Emmy Award nominations for his performances in The Josephine Baker Story ( 1991 ) , Crazy from the Heart ( 1992 ) and The Maldonado Miracle ( 2003 ) . He portrayed Daniel Salazar , a main character on the TV series Fear the Walking Dead ( 2015-2017 ; 2019-present ) . He is an icon in Panama and is much admired throughout Latin America and Spain , and managed to attract 17% of the vote in his failed attempt to win the Panamanian presidency in 1994 . In September 2004 , he was appointed minister of tourism by Panamanian president Martín Torrijos for a five-year term . He holds a Bachelor of Arts ' Law degree from the University of Panama and an LL.M in International Law from Harvard University . He is married to singer Luba Mason ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mundo_(album)', 'summary': 'Mundo is an album by Rubén Blades , released in 2002 under the record label Sony Music Distribution . In 2003 , the album earned Blades a Grammy Award for Best World Music Album and also received a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walter_Flores_(musician)', 'summary': "Walter Flores is a Costa Rican musician . His mother , Maria de los Angeles Mora , and his father Walter Flores , educated him about music since he was a child . He began his education at Conservatorio Castella , Universidad de Costa Rica , and then at Berklee College of Music . He is currently married , and has two twin daughters . He lives in Costa Rica . He directed Ruben Blades ' orchestra for over five years , playing concerts in festivals such as Amsterdam 's Holland RootsFest , Paris 's La Villette JazzFest , Germany 's Westport JazzFest , Switzerland 's Montreux Jazz Festival , New York 's Sessions at 54th and Carnegie Hall , amongst others . Flores has won five Grammy Awards , two of them as producer of Mundo and Tiempos , CDs by Ruben Blades . He is also the Editus ensemble director"}, {'url': '/wiki/Alexandre_Pires', 'summary': 'Alexandre Pires do Nascimento ( born January 8 , 1976 ) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter . Pires was previously the singer of group Só Pra Contrariar which he joined in the late 1980s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rudy_Pérez', 'summary': "Rudy Amado Pérez ( born May 17 , 1958 ) is a Cuban-born American musician , songwriter , composer , producer , arranger , sound engineer , musical director and singer , as well as entertainment entrepreneur , and philanthropist . His area of specialty is ballads , although he has also worked in a variety of other genres . Pérez has produced more than 70 albums , composed over 1,000 songs ( over 300 of which have been # 1 or have reached the Top 10 Charts ) , and written and produced music for popular international artists such as Westlife , Natalie Cole , José Feliciano , Julio Iglesias , Luis Miguel , Raúl di Blasio , Jaci Velasquez , Cristian Castro , Christina Aguilera , Michael Bolton , Luis Fonsi , Marc Anthony , Jennifer Lopez , Il Divo , and Beyoncé . He has won many music awards throughout his career , including being voted the most important Latin composer four times ( four years ) , and winning the title of Producer of the Decade in 2010 , awarded by Billboard to the producer with the most top ten hits of the decade . He is the first Latin producer to win Billboard 's Producer of the Year award four years consecutively . Pérez owns the record labels Rudy Pérez Enterprises ( RPE ) and Bullseye Productions . He is a founding partner and the Chief Creative Officer of DiGa Entertainment and the co-founder of the Latin Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ( LARAS ) , the Latin Grammys . He was instrumental in the production of the premiere of the inaugural Latin Grammy Awards of 2000 , and is on the board of the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . In April 2013 , Pérez ( along with Desmond Child ) created the Pabellón de la Fama de los Compositores Latinos ( Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame ; LSHOF ) , in Miami Beach , to honor the most important Latino composers and to drive them to continue creating Latin music ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Celis', 'summary': "Gustavo Celis is a music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Shakira ( he mixed her classic albums Fijación Oral Vol . 1 and Oral Fixation Vol . 2 , and singles La Tortura and Do n't Bother ) , Ricky Martin ( he mixed his single Jaleo and Life ) , Chicago ( he recorded the soundtrack to the motion picture ) , Gloria Estefan ( Caribbean Soul ) , Beyoncé ( B'Day including the single Beautiful Liar ) , and many others . He has been nominated twice for Mix Foundation 's TEC Award , for Best Record Production in 2006 and Best Surround Sound Recording in 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tribalistas_(band)', 'summary': "Tribalistas is a Brazilian musical supergroup consisting of Arnaldo Antunes ( ex-Titãs ) , Marisa Monte and Carlinhos Brown ( Timbalada ) . Their debut collaboration resulted in the popular album Tribalistas , released in Brazil in late 2002 by EMI and in international territories in 2003 . The album attained considerable popularity despite the group never performing any song on TV or giving any radio interviews . A DVD release featuring the 'making of ' and all the tracks on the album was also released internationally . The song Já Sei Namorar was featured in the video game FIFA Football 2004 and the song Velha Infancia was used as part of the soundtrack of the Brazilian soap opera Mulheres Apaixonadas . In May 2013 , it was announced that the three members would release a song called Joga Arroz ( Throw Rice ) , in order to express their support of same-sex marriage , though it was not referred to as a revival of the band . In April 2017 , a column of newspaper O Globo announced that the trio had reunited in the previous month to compose new songs . In August of the same year , the band officially announced their reunion and released a new album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tribalistas_(album)', 'summary': 'Tribalistas is the debut album by Brazilian musical trio Tribalistas , consisting of Marisa Monte , Arnaldo Antunes and Carlinhos Brown . The 13-track album was released worldwide in 2002 . The album sold over a million copies in Brazil alone , despite the group never performing any song on TV or giving any radio interviews . The album also achieved considerable success in Europe ; it was the best-selling album of the year in Portugal and it went triple platinum in Italy and double platinum in Spain . The album also charted in Switzerland , Sweden , Netherlands , Germany , France , among other countries . The album received five Latin Grammy Music Award nomination in 2003 ( winning Best Brazilian Contemporary Pop Album ) , in addition to a BBC Awards for World Music nomination in 2004 . The album spawned four hit singles in Brazil :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arnaldo_Antunes', 'summary': 'Arnaldo Antunes ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ axˈnawdu ɐ̃ˈtunis ] , born Arnaldo Augusto Nora Antunes Filho , September 2 , 1960 ) is a Brazilian musician , writer , and composer . He was a member of the rock band Titãs , which he co-founded in 1982 and left ten years later . After 1992 , he embarked on a solo career . He has published poetry and had his first book published in 1983 . He has worked with Marisa Monte , Tribalistas , and Carlinhos Brown .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlinhos_Brown', 'summary': 'Carlinhos Brown ( born Antonio Carlos Santos de Freitas , 23 November 1962 ) is a Brazilian singer , percussionist , and record producer from Salvador , Bahia . His musical style blends funk , latin music , R & B , soul music , reggae , and traditional Brazilian percussion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marisa_Monte', 'summary': 'Marisa de Azevedo Monte ( born 1 July 1967 ) is a Brazilian singer , composer , instrumentalist , and producer of Brazilian popular music and samba . As of 2011 , she had sold 10 million albums worldwide and has won numerous national and international awards , including four Latin Grammys , seven Brazilian MTV Video Music Awards , nine Multishow de Música Brasileira awards , 5 APCAs , and six Prêmio TIM de Música . Marisa is considered by Rolling Stone Brasil to be the second greatest singer , behind only Elis Regina . She also has two albums ( MM and Verde , Anil , Amarelo , Cor-de-Rosa e Carvão ) on the list of the 100 best albums of Brazilian music .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2004', 'summary': 'The 5th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on Wednesday , September 1 , 2004 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . This was the last telecast of the awards nationally in the United States in English with a CBS contract . Effective in 2005 , the awards were announced in Spanish with an exclusive Spanish-language telecast . Alejandro Sanz was the big winner winning four awards including Album of the Year .'}]}, {'value': 'Alejandro Sanz · produced by Lulo Pérez · engineered/mixed by Mick Guzauski , Pepo Sherman and Rafa Sardina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mick_Guzauski', 'summary': "Nathan Mick Guzauski is an American multi-platinum Mixing Engineer and sound engineer . His work spans a wide range of styles , including jazz , R & B , Latin , rock , pop , easy listening , funk and hip hop . He won a 2002 Latin Grammy for Thalía 's Arrasando , four 2004 Latin Grammys for Alejandro Sanz 's No Es Lo Mismo ( including Best Engineered Album ) , and the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album , Non-Classical , for Eric Clapton 's Back Home . As of 2001 , he had mixed 27 # 1 singles . He also won multiple awards for the engineering and mixing of the Daft Punk album Random Access Memories ."}]}, {'value': 'No Es Lo Mismo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/No_Es_Lo_Mismo', 'summary': 'No Es lo Mismo ( Is Not the Same ) is the seventh studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz , It was released by WEA Latina on September 2 , 2003 ( see 2003 in music ) . released more than three years after his last album , El Alma al Aire ( 2000 ) . It was produced with the collaboration of the Cuban musician Lulo Pérez .'}]}, {'value': 'Bebo & Cigala - Lágrimas Negras ( Javier Limón , Fernando Trueba , producers ; Jim Anderson , Guillaume Cora , Limón , Pepe Loeches , Eric Schilling , engineer/mixer ; Alan Silverman , mastering engineer ) Café Tacvba - Cuatro Caminos ( Café Tacvba , Dave Fridmann , Gustavo Santaolalla , Andrew Weiss , producers ; Joe Chiccarelli , Fridmann , Aníbal Kerpel , Tony Peluso , Luis Román , Weiss , engineers/mixers ; Tom Baker , mastering engineer ) Kevin Johansen - Sur o No Sur ( Pelu Romero , Javier Tenenbaum , producers ; Osqui Amante , engineer/mixer ; Andrés Mayo , mastering engineer ) Maria Rita - Maria Rita ( Tom Capone , Marco da Costa , Maria Rita , producers ; Álvaro Alencar , Capone , engineers/mixers ; Ricardo Garcia , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bebo_Valdés', 'summary': "Dionisio Ramón Emilio Valdés Amaro ( October 9 , 1918 - March 22 , 2013 ) , better known as Bebo Valdés , was a Cuban pianist , bandleader , composer and arranger . He was a central figure in the golden age of Cuban music , especially due to his big band arrangements and compositions of mambo , chachachá and batanga , a genre he created in 1952 . He was the director of the Radio Mil Diez house band and the Tropicana Club orchestra , before forming his own big band , Orquesta Sabor de Cuba , in 1957 . However , after the end of the Cuban Revolution , in 1960 , Bebo left his family behind and went into exile in Mexico before settling in Sweden , where he remarried . His musical hiatus lasted until 1994 , when a collaboration with Paquito D'Rivera brought him back into the music business . By the time of his death in 2013 , he had recorded several new albums , earning multiple Grammy Awards . His son Chucho Valdés is also a successul pianist and bandleader ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Diego_El_Cigala', 'summary': "Diego Ramón Jiménez Salazar ( born Madrid , 27 December 1968 ) , known as El Cigala ( Occitan for 'Cicada ' ) , is a famous Romani Flamenco gypsy singer . As he himself has said , the nickname was given to him by three guitar players , Los Losada , for his powerful voice , not by Camarón de la Isla as commonly believed . Diego El Cigala also holds Dominican citizenship . One of his great albums is the 2003 Lágrimas Negras , a collaboration with then 85-year-old Cuban pianist Bebo Valdés . The graceful fusion of Cuban rhythms and flamenco vocals made this record an international success ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lágrimas_Negras_(album)', 'summary': 'Lágrimas Negras is a 2003 album by Cuban pianist , bandleader , composer and arranger Bebo Valdés and Spanish flamenco singer Diego el Cigala . Lágrimas Negras is a fusion of Cuban rhythms and flamenco vocals , produced by Spanish composer , producer and guitarist Javier Limón and book editor , screenwriter , film director and producer Fernando Trueba and released by Calle 54 Records and BMG Music Spain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Javier_Limón', 'summary': "Javier Limón ( born 1973 ) is a record producer , singer and songwriter born and raised in Madrid , Spain . Limón has worked with several artists , mainly from Spain , since he incorporates elements of flamenco rhythm to his work . Besides his work as producer has also dabbled as an interpreter and has released three studio albums , Limón , Son de Limón and Mujeres de Agua . Since 2003 , Limón has done recordings in Israel , Bogotá , Bristol , Paris , Bahía Blanca , Buenos Aires , New York City and Morocco . In 2004 , Limón was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year for his work on Lágrimas Negras by Diego El Cigala and Bebo Valdés , Cositas Buenas by Paco de Lucía , El Cantante by Andrés Calamaro , El Pequeño Reloj by Enrique Morente , Niño Josele by Niño Josele and Tributo Flamenco A Don Juan Valderrama by Various Artists . Javier Limón serves as the Artistic Director of the Berklee College of Music 's Mediterranean Music Institute , which operates in Valencia , Spain as well as Boston , Massachusetts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fernando_Trueba', 'summary': "Fernando Rodríguez Trueba , known as Fernando Trueba , ( born 18 January 1955 ) is a book editor , screenwriter , film director and producer . Between 1974 and 1979 , he worked as a film critic for Spain 's leading daily newspaper El País . In 1980 , he founded the monthly film magazine Casablanca , which he edited and directed during its first two years . He is the author of Diccionario ( Planeta 1997 , Plot 2004 , Galaxia Guttenberg 2006 ) and the editor of Diccionario del Jazz Latino ( SGAE , 1998 ) . Among other awards , he has won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film with Belle Époque in 1994 , the Goya Award as Best Director three times and a Silver Bear for Year of Enlightment at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival . Miracle of Candeal won the Goya for Best Documentary , and Chico and Rita won the Goya for Best Feature Animation . In 1999 , The Girl of Your Dreams was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival . In 2011 he won the Award of the Hungarian National Student Jury for Chico and Rita at the 7th Festival of European Animated Feature Films and TV Specials . As a music producer he has won two Grammy Awards and four Latin Grammy Awards . He is the brother of David Trueba and the father of Jonás Trueba ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jim_Anderson_(sound_engineer)', 'summary': 'Jim Anderson is an internationally recognized recording engineer and producer for acoustic music in the recording , radio , television , and film industries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Café_Tacvba', 'summary': 'Café Tacuba ( stylized Café Tacvba ) is a band from Ciudad Satélite , Mexico . The group gained popularity in the early 1990s . They were founded in 1989 , before they had the current lineup of Rubén Isaac Albarrán Ortega ( lead vocals , rhythm guitar ) , Emmanuel del Real Díaz ( keyboards , piano , programming , rhythm guitar , melodica , vocals ) , José Alfredo Joselo Rangel Arroyo ( lead guitar , vocals ) , and Enrique Quique Rangel Arroyo : ( bass guitar , electric upright bass , vocals ) , their friend Roberto Silva played the keyboards for a short period of time . Mexican folk music player Alejandro Flores was for a time considered the 5th tacubo , as he played the violin in almost every Café Tacvba concert for many years . Since the Cuatro Caminos World Tour , Luis El Children Ledezma has played the drums in every concert but is not considered an official member of the band .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuatro_Caminos_(album)', 'summary': 'Cuatro Caminos ( literally : Four Roads , the name of a major road intersection and metro station in Mexico City and Madrid ) is the fifth album by Café Tacuba , released in 2003 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dave_Fridmann', 'summary': "David Lawrence Dave Fridmann is an American record producer and musician . From 1990 onwards he co-produced most releases by Mercury Rev and The Flaming Lips . Other bands he has worked with include Weezer , Saxon Shore , Neon Indian , Wolf Gang , Ammonia , Ed Harcourt , Sparklehorse , Café Tacuba , Creaming Jesus , Elf Power , Mogwai , Thursday , Mass of the Fermenting Dregs , The Delgados , Low , Phantom Planet , Gemma Hayes , Goldrush , Tapes ' n Tapes , Hopewell , Black Moth Super Rainbow , Number Girl , Jed Davis , Zazen Boys , Sleater-Kinney and Clap Your Hands Say Yeah . He has recently worked on new recordings with MGMT , Neil Finn , The Cribs , OK Go , Tame Impala , Lord Huron , Baroness , Spoon , and Interpol . As a musician , Fridmann was the bassist and a founding member of Mercury Rev . He gave up his role as a touring member of the band in 1993 to concentrate on producing other artists . In 2001 , Fridmann was included on MOJO 's 100 Sonic Visionaries list and was described as the Phil Spector of the Alt-Rock era . In 2007 , he received a Grammy for The Flaming Lips ' At War With The Mystics at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards ( Best Engineered Album , Non-Classical ) . In 2010 , three Fridmann-produced albums were listed on the Rolling Stone 100 Best Albums of The Decade : MGMT 's Oracular Spectacular , The Flaming Lips ' Yoshimi Battles The Pink Robots , and Sleater-Kinney 's The Woods . Fridmann often brings a distinctive , expansive , open sound to the albums he produces , which has much in common with that used by Mercury Rev . Fridmann is an occasional faculty member of SUNY Fredonia , teaching sound recording techniques in the Fredonia School of Music . In 2017 , Fridmann became the director for the Western New York Alumni Drum and Bugle Corps , where he plays the bass drum ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla', 'summary': 'Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( born 19 August 1951 ) is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer . He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years , for Brokeback Mountain in 2005 , and Babel in 2006 . More recently , he composed the original score for the video game The Last of Us ( 2013 ) , and the theme music for The CW series Jane the Virgin ( 2014-2019 ) and the Netflix series Making a Murderer ( 2015-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Weiss_(guitarist)', 'summary': 'Andrew Weiss is an American musician , composer , audio engineer and Grammy-winning record producer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Chiccarelli', 'summary': "Joe Chiccarelli , a native of Boston , Massachusetts is a music producer , mixer and engineer who has been active since the 1980s . He has produced albums by Stan Ridgway , Morrissey , Oingo Boingo , Spoon , The Shins , Sandra Bernhard , My Morning Jacket , Counting Crows , Augie March , Manchester Orchestra , Minus the Bear , Boy & Bear , Kurt Elling , Saints Of Valory , and Big Talk . Other artists include Elton John , Rufus Wainright , U2 , Alanis Morissette , Beck , Etta James , Jamie Cullum , Al Stewart , Tori Amos , The Strokes , The Killers , , Cage The Elephant , Cafe Tacuba , Pink Martini , Christina Perri , Glenn Frey and Jason Mraz . Chiccarelli also engineered Frank Zappa 's albums Sheik Yerbouti , Joe 's Garage Acts I , II & III and Tinseltown Rebellion , and engineered the White Stripes 2007 album Icky Thump . He also engineered The Raconteurs , Consolers of the Lonely , for which he received his eighth of ten Grammy awards , for Best Engineered Album of 2008"}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Peluso', 'summary': "Anthony F. Peluso ( March 28 , 1950 - June 5 , 2010 ) was an American guitarist and record producer . He was lead guitarist for pop duo the Carpenters from 1972 to 1983 . Peluso played the fuzz guitar solo on the Carpenters ' song Goodbye to Love . He also contributed a disc jockey impersonation that opens the duo 's cover of Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft and was the deejay who links the medley of oldies tracks on Side 2 of the Carpenters album Now & Then ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Baker', 'summary': 'Thomas Stewart Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor and writer . He is well known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor in the title role , and provided narration in the television comedy series Little Britain . His voice , which has been described as sonorous , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK in 2006 . At age 15 , Baker began study as a religious brother . He gradually lost his vocation , leaving religious life at age 21 to undertake national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . Upon leaving the army , he served in the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre under Laurence Olivier . He was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as the star of Doctor Who , the series received high viewing figures and featured many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to feature in regular television roles later in his career , including in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . He has also narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks , radio plays , and television series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Johansen', 'summary': 'Kevin Johansen ( born 21 June 1964 ) is a songwriter who mixes several rhythms and languages in his musical work .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maria_Rita', 'summary': 'Maria Rita ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ maˈɾiɐ ˈʁitɐ ] ; born 9 September 1977 , São Paulo ) is a Brazilian singer . Born Maria Rita Camargo Mariano , she is the daughter of famed pianist/arranger César Camargo Mariano and the late Brazilian singing legend Elis Regina and sister to Pedro Mariano and music producer João Marcelo Bôscoli . Her namesake is family friend and famed Brazilian rock legend Rita Lee . She studied at New York University , and worked as a journalist at a magazine for adolescents .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Capone', 'summary': "Tom Capone ( January 1 , 1966 - September 2 , 2004 ) , born Luiz Antonio Ferreira Gonçalves , was a Brazilian music producer and guitar player . Born in Rio Negro/PR , Brazil , he died in Los Angeles hours after leaving the 2004 Latin Grammy Awards show when his motorcycle collided with a car . He had been nominated for five Latin Grammy awards . His production for Maria Rita 's eponymous debut won Latin Grammys for New Star , MBP song : A Festa and MPB Record of the Year ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2005', 'summary': 'The 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held in Los Angeles at the Shrine Auditorium on Thursday , November 3 , 2005 . It was the first ceremony to be broadcast by Univision in the United States . Ivan Lins was the big winner winning two awards including Album of the Year . He is the first and only Brazilian and Portuguese language artist to win Album of the Year to date . Alejandro Sanz was honored with Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Juanes won three awards including Best Rock Solo Vocal Album .'}]}, {'value': 'Ivan Lins · produced by Moogie Canazio · engineered/mixed by Luiz Tornaghi · mastered by Luiz Tornaghi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Lins', 'summary': 'Ivan Guimarães Lins ( born June 16 , 1945 ) is a Latin Grammy-winning Brazilian musician . He has been an active performer and songwriter of Brazilian popular music ( MPB ) and jazz for over thirty years . His first hit , Madalena , was recorded by Elis Regina in 1970 . Love Dance , a hit in 1989 , is one of the most recorded songs in musical history . [ citation needed ] His songs have been covered by Patti Austin , David Benoit , George Benson , Michael Bublé , Eliane Elias , Ella Fitzgerald , Dave Grusin , Shirley Horn , Quincy Jones , Steve Kuhn , the Manhattan Transfer , Sérgio Mendes , Jane Monheit , Mark Murphy , Carmen McRae , Joe Pass , Lee Ritenour , Sarah Vaughan , Diane Schuur , Sting , Barbra Streisand , Take 6 , Toots Thielemans , and Nancy Wilson .'}]}, {'value': 'Cantando Histórias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cantando_Histórias', 'summary': 'Cantando Histórias is a Latin Grammy winning album by Ivan Lins . It is the first and only Brazilian and Portuguese language album to win the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year to date .'}]}, {'value': 'Bebe - Pafuera Telarañas ( Carlos Jean , producer ; José Luis Crespo , Raúl Quílez , engineers/mixers ; Crespo mastering engineer ) Obie Bermúdez - Todo el Año ( Sebastian Krys , Joel Someillan , producers ; Mike Couzzi , Javier Garza , Kyrs , Someillan , engineers/mixers ; Antonio Baglio , mastering engineer ) Intocable - X ( Pepe Aguilar , Carlos Cabral Jr. , Jason Cano , Alex Espinoza , Chuy Flores , Kinky , Jorge Lares Amaro , René Martínez , Ricardo Muñoz , Sacha Triujeque , producers ; Isaías Asbun , Seth Horan Atkins , Carlos Castro , Gilberto Elguezabal , Chuy Flores , René Garza , Norberto Islas , Jorge Lares Amaro , Justin Leah , Marco Ramírez , Jack Sáenz III , Triujeque , engineers/mixers ; Don Tyler , mastering engineer ) Diego Torres - MTV Unplugged ( Torres , Afo Verde , producers ; Gustavo Borner , engineers/mixers ; Borner , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bebe_(singer)', 'summary': 'María Nieves Rebolledo Vila , better known by her stage name Bebe ( born 9 May 1978 ) is a Spanish singer , songwriter , and actress who rose to international fame with the singles Malo and Ella .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pafuera_Telarañas', 'summary': 'Pafuera Telarañas ( English : Out with the Spiderwebs ) is the debut album by Spanish artist Bebe . It was released in 2004 and contains six released singles along with other tracks .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Jean', 'summary': 'Carlos Jean Arriaga ( born 15 February 1973 ) is a Spanish DJ and record producer born in the region of Galicia in Northwestern Spain . He is the co-founder of the group Najwajean , and has been a producer for some of the most important Spanish and Latin-American artists of the 2000s , earning seven Latin Grammy nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Obie_Bermúdez', 'summary': 'Obie Bermúdez ( born January 10 , 1981 ) is a Puerto Rican Latin pop , salsa singer and composer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Todo_el_Año', 'summary': 'Todo el Año ( All Year Long ) is the third studio album released by Puerto-Rican American performer Obie Bermúdez . It was released by EMI in November 2 , 2004 . The album was produced by Sebastian Krys and Joel Someillan and earned Bermúdez a Latin Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Album and garnered a nomination for Album of the Year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Krys', 'summary': 'Sebastian Krys ( born November 11 , 1970 ) is an Argentine-born American audio engineer and record producer . A five-time Grammy and 12-time Latin Grammy winner , Krys has worked with many Spanish language pop and rock artists such as Sergio Dalma , Eros Ramazzotti , Sandy & Junior , Gloria Estefan , Carlos Vives , Shakira , Alejandro Sanz , Luis Fonsi , Vega , Kinky , Los Rabanes , Obie Bermúdez , Ricky Martin , Marc Anthony , Lori Meyers , Fangoria , La Santa Cecilia and Will Smith .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Javier_Garza', 'summary': 'Javier Garza is an American sound engineer and mixer from Florida . Garza has done production work on a large number of successful major-label albums since 1990 , and has won two Grammy Awards and nine Latin Grammy Awards . Among the artists whose music Garza has mixed are Gloria Estefan , Ricky Martin , Madonna , Thalía , Shakira , Carlos Vives , Marc Anthony , Vic Damone , Jennifer Lopez , Jon Secada , Alejandro Sanz , Jaci Velasquez , Paulina Rubio . Los Claxons'}, {'url': '/wiki/Intocable', 'summary': "Intocable ( Untouchable ) is an American Tejano and Norteño band from Zapata , Texas that was started by friends Ricardo Javier Muñoz and René Orlando Martínez in the early 1990s . In a few years , Intocable fused the genres Tejano and Norteño with a musical signature that fused Tejano 's robust conjunto and Norteño folk rhythms with a pop balladry . Intocable is perhaps the most influential group in Tejano and their tough Tejano/Norteño fusion has become the blueprint for dozens of Tex-Mex groups . The group 's style , which combines romantic , hooky melodies , tight instrumentation and vocal harmony , is consistently imitated by other Tejano and Norteño groups , including Imán , Costumbre , Solido , Estruendo , Intenso , Duelo and Zinzero . Career accomplishments include four consecutive sold-out nights at Mexico City 's prestigious Auditorio Nacional and the group 's 2003 headlining appearance at Reliant Stadium in Houston , which drew a record 70,104 fans . They also play every year as tradition with two sold-out dates ( lately three ) at the 10,000-capacity Monterrey Arena in Monterrey , Mexico - an unusual accomplishment given that Norteño groups typically play large dance halls and rarely arenas unless it 's an all day festival event . Intocable has also won at least eight of Univision 's Premio Lo Nuestro awards . They received their first Grammy win in February 2005 at the 47th Annual Grammys ( Grammy Award for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Album ; Intimamente ) and second at the 53rd annual Grammys for their album Classic . They were the first of their genre to play at Dallas Cowboys Stadium , at the halftime show of the 2011 Dallas Cowboys vs. Washington Redskins game , also at The Greek Theatre , Los Angeles . They garnered two of the 5 nominations to the Billboard Regional Mexican Awards and got a nod for Best Norteño Album to the 2011 Latin Grammy for their album INTOCABLE 2011 . They were also nominated for a Grammy for the album . INTOCABLE 2011 was released under the group 's own music label Good-i Music and the first two singles , Robarte Un Beso and Prometí , went to Number 1 on US regional radio charts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pepe_Aguilar', 'summary': 'José Antonio Aguilar Jiménez ( born August 7 , 1968 ) , better known as Pepe Aguilar , is a Mexican-American singer-songwriter and actor . Aguilar is the son of Mexican singer-actors Antonio Aguilar and Flor Silvestre . Two of his children are also singers , Leonardo Aguilar and Ángela Aguilar . Aguilar played his first concert at the age of three , joining his father Antonio Aguilar onstage at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Aguilar has sold over 12 million albums worldwide . His work has earned him four Grammy Awards , five Latin Grammy Awards , nineteen Lo Nuestro Awards , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Cabral_Jr.', 'summary': 'Carlos Cabral Junior , also known as Junior Cabral , is a songwriter , producer , and arranger . Latin Grammy and Grammy winner .'}, {'url': '/wiki/DJ_Kane', 'summary': 'Jason Cano ( born June 8 , 1975 , in Houston , Texas ) , better known as DJ Kane , is a Mexican American singer who was the lead vocalist for the Latin Grammy award winning A.B . Quintanilla y Los Kumbia Kings from 1999 to 2003 and A.B . Quintanilla y Los Kumbia All Starz from 2008 to 2010 and went on to become a successful solo artist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kinky_(band)', 'summary': 'Kinky is a Mexican rock band , formed in 1998 as part of the Avanzada Regia musical movement and consisting of Gilberto Cerezo , Ulises Lozano , Carlos Chairez , Omar Góngora , and Cesar Pliego . Although a majority of songs are sung in Spanish , some songs contain English lyrics . Since the release of their studio album , Kinky has been signed with Sonic360 Records .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diego_Torres_(singer)', 'summary': 'Diego Antonio Caccia ( born March 9 , 1971 in Buenos Aires ) , known as Diego Torres , is an Argentine two Grammy Award-nominated pop singer , songwriter , composer , musician and actor ( of films , theater and television ) . He is the son of the legendary Argentine artist Lolita Torres ( 1930-2002 ) . He has sold 20 million albums worldwide .'}, {'url': '/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Diego_Torres_album)', 'summary': 'MTV Unplugged is a 2004 Grammy Award-nominated live MTV Unplugged acoustic performance by Argentine-born musician Diego Torres released in 2004 as an album and in 2005 as a DVD . Recorded in March , 2004 in Buenos Aires , Argentina , it is rated as one of his best-ever live performances . The album sold 800,000 copies .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2006', 'summary': 'The 7th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held for the first time in New York City , NY . The awards show was held at Madison Square Garden on Thursday , November 2 , 2006 . Shakira was the big winner winning Album of the Year , one of four awards that she won . She is the first female artist to win Record of the Year , Album of the Year , and Song of the Year .'}]}, {'value': 'Shakira · produced by Léster Méndez · engineered/mixed by Gustavo Celis , Kevin Killen and Ron Jabobs · mastered by Luiz Tornaghi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shakira', 'summary': "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( /ʃəˈkɪərə/ ; Spanish : [ ʃaˈkiɾa ] ; born February 2 , 1977 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter , dancer , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Barranquilla , she made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13 . Following the commercial failure of her first two Colombian albums , Magia ( 1991 ) and Peligro ( 1993 ) , she rose to prominence in Spanish-speaking countries with her next albums , Pies Descalzos ( 1995 ) and Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album , Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . It sold over 13 million copies and spawned the international number-one singles Whenever , Wherever and Underneath Your Clothes . Her success was further solidified with the Spanish albums Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 ( 2005 ) , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) , and El Dorado ( 2017 ) , all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and were certified diamante by the Recording Industry Association of America . Meanwhile , her English albums Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 ( 2005 ) , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Shakira ( 2014 ) were all certified gold , platinum , or multi-platinum in various countries worldwide . Some of her songs have charted at number one in multiple countries , including La Tortura , Hips Do n't Lie , Beautiful Liar , Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) , Loca , and Chantaje . Shakira served as a coach on two seasons of the American singing competition television series The Voice from 2013 to 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lester_Mendez', 'summary': 'Lester Mendez is a multi-platinum , Grammy award-winning record producer , songwriter and composer . His production/writing credits include a multitude of successful hits with Shakira , Jewel , Nelly Furtado , Jessica Simpson , Enrique Iglesias , and others .'}]}, {'value': 'Fijación Oral Vol . 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fijación_Oral_Vol._1', 'summary': "Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 ( English : Oral Fixation , Vol . 1 ) is the sixth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira . It was released on 3 June 2005 by Epic Records . After attaining international success in 2001 with her first English record , Laundry Service , Shakira wanted to release a fifth Spanish-language project as its followup . In the vein of her earlier work , Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 is a Latin pop album . Shakira enlisted Rick Rubin as executive producer , also working with Gustavo Cerati , Lester Mendez , Luis Fernando Ochoa and Jose Gocho Torres . At its release Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 received generally favorable reviews from music critics , who complimented Shakira 's evolution from her earlier work . The album debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 157,000 copies . It set the record for the highest debut for a full-length Spanish-language album in the country , which still stands ."}]}, {'value': 'Gustavo Cerati - Ahí Vamos ( Cerati , Tweety González , producers ; Héctor Castillo , Uriel Dorfman , González , engineers/mixers ; Howie Weinberg , mastering engineer ) Chayanne - Cautivo ( Gustavo Arenas , Carlos De Yarza , Javier Díaz , John Falcone , Freddy Piñero , Jr. , Carlos Ponce , Joel Someillan , René Toledo , producer ; Carlos Álvarez , Carlos Bedoya , Javier Garza , Juan Cristóbal Losada , Patricia Masterson , Freddy Piñero , Jr. , Mike Rivera , Andrés Saavedra , César Sogbe , Joel Someillan , Woody Woodruff , engineers/mixers ; Vlado Meller , mastering engineer ) León Gieco - Por Favor , Perdón y Gracias ( Gieco , Luis Gurevich , producers ; Osqui Amante , Gustavo Borner , engineers/mixers ; Tom Baker , mastering engineer ) Julieta Venegas - Limón y Sal ( Cachorro López , producer ; Sebastián Schon , Cesar Sogbe , Coti Sorokin , Matías Sorokin , engineers/mixers ; José Blanco , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Cerati', 'summary': "Gustavo Adrián Cerati ( 11 August 1959 - 4 September 2014 ) was an Argentine singer-songwriter , composer and producer , considered one of the most important and influential figures of Ibero-American rock . Cerati along with his band Soda Stereo , were one of the most popular and influential Spanish-language rock and pop groups of the 1980s and '90s . Cerati was the recipient of many awards throughout his career including various Grammys , MTV awards , as well as the MTV ( Latin America ) Legend Award with Soda Stereo , the first of its kind . Cerati died in Buenos Aires on 4 September 2014 at the age of 55 , after suffering a stroke four years earlier after finishing a show in Caracas , Venezuela which resulted in a coma . He and his band had intended to go to a show-after-party at the rock club Moulin Rouge , located on Francisco Solano López Avenue in the Sabana Grande area of Caracas but his symptoms started developing backstage , right after his last performance concluded ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ahí_vamos', 'summary': "Ahí Vamos ( Spanish for There We Go ) is a 2006 studio album by Argentine rock musician Gustavo Cerati . The album was met with both positive reviews by critics and popularity , especially in Argentina , Chile , Colombia and Mexico . The first single released from the album was Crimen , which received airplay starting in April 2006 and gained huge popularity in Latin America and Spain . The second single , released in September was La Excepción . The album was certified Platinum in Argentina with only pre-ordered sales , and attained Gold status in Mexico . On November 2 , 2006 , the album received the Latin Grammy for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album and Crimen won the category for Best Rock Song . The album was also nominated for Album of the Year , but lost to Shakira 's Fijación Oral Vol . 1 . The third single released from the album was Adiós , which played on radio and TV stations in Latin America beginning in February 2007 . In 2008 , Cerati released two more singles from the album , Lago En El Cielo , the fourth song on the album , and Me Quedo Aquí , the fifth . Cerati toured Latin America , Spain and the USA to promote the album , and also performed for the very first time in London , playing at The Forum on October 12 . The name Ahí Vamos ( There We Go ) was a phrase repeated many times during the recording sessions , which came to be a war cry for Cerati during the time ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tweety_González', 'summary': "Fabián A. González Amado ( born 1963 in Buenos Aires , Argentina ) , know with his stage name Tweety González , is an Argentine musician and record producer . He is best known for his work as collaborator keyboardist for the Argentine rock band Soda Stereo . More commonly referred to as Tweety González , he is mostly known for playing the keyboard with Soda Stereo and Fito Páez . Tweety has also been involved in music production and has contributed to artists such as Shakira , Gustavo Cerati , Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas , Spinetta , Superlitio , Famasloop and several others . Gustavo Cerati 's 2006 Ahí vamos album - in which Tweety participated - won the Latin Grammy for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Howie_Weinberg', 'summary': 'Howie Weinberg is an American Grammy award-winning mastering engineer . He has over 200 Gold and Platinum records . He has over 19K credits according to AllMusic . And , holds 4 TEC Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chayanne', 'summary': 'Elmer Figueroa Arce ( born June 28 , 1968 ) , better known under the stage name Chayanne , is a Spanish Latin pop singer and actor . As a solo artist , Chayanne has released 21 solo albums and sold over 15 million albums worldwide . Chayanne participated in two Puerto Rican telenovelas broadcast by the well-known WAPA-TV television station as for the 80s . These were Sombras del Pasado with Daniel Lugo and Alba Nydia Díaz and Tormento with Daniel Lugo and Yazmin Pereira .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cautivo', 'summary': 'Cautivo ( English : Captive ) is the 12th studio album recorded by Puerto Rican performer Chayanne . It was released by Sony BMG Norte and Columbia Records on September 27 , 2005 ( see 2005 in music ) . This album became his third number-one set on the Billboard Top Latin Albums , and includes the singles No Te Preocupes Por Mí , Te Echo de Menos , Cúrame and No Sé Por Qué .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Ponce', 'summary': 'Carlos Ponce ( born September 4 , 1972 ) is a Puerto Rican actor , singer , composer and television personality . Ponce began his acting career by participating in Spanish language soap operas for Televisa and Telemundo . Ponce continued to expand his acting career by participating in various American television series . He did not limit himself solely to a career in television . Ponce , who is also a singer , is also active in the American movie industry as a character actor . In film , he played Salvadore in Couples Retreat , Matthew Wright in Spy and Rodrigo in Deuce Bigalow : European Gigolo . In television , he played Felix Gonzalez in Cristela , Max Duran in Hollywood Heights , as well as voicing Santiago Santos in Maya and Miguel .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Javier_Garza', 'summary': 'Javier Garza is an American sound engineer and mixer from Florida . Garza has done production work on a large number of successful major-label albums since 1990 , and has won two Grammy Awards and nine Latin Grammy Awards . Among the artists whose music Garza has mixed are Gloria Estefan , Ricky Martin , Madonna , Thalía , Shakira , Carlos Vives , Marc Anthony , Vic Damone , Jennifer Lopez , Jon Secada , Alejandro Sanz , Jaci Velasquez , Paulina Rubio . Los Claxons'}, {'url': '/wiki/León_Gieco', 'summary': 'Raúl Alberto Antonio Gieco , better known as León Gieco ( born on November 20 , 1951 in Cañada Rosquín , Argentina ) is an Argentine folk rock performer , composer and interpreter . He is known for mixing popular folkloric genres with Argentinian rock and roll , and lyrics with social and political connotations . This has led to him being called The Argentine Bob Dylan . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Por_Favor,_Perdón_y_Gracias', 'summary': 'Por Favor , Perdón y Gracias ( Please , Sorry and Thanks ) is an album released by Argentinean singer-songwriter León Gieco in September 6 , 2005 . The album earned Gieco Latin Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year [ I ] and Best Singer-Songwriter Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Julieta_Venegas', 'summary': 'Julieta Venegas Percevault ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xuˈljeta βeˈneɣas ] ; [ a ] born November 24 , 1970 in Long Beach , California ) is an American-born Mexican singer , songwriter , instrumentalist and producer who sings pop-rock in Spanish . She speaks English , Portuguese , and Spanish fluently . She has a twin sister , Yvonne , who is a photographer . Venegas grew up in Tijuana and began studying music at age eight . She went on to join several bands including Mexican ska band Tijuana No ! . Venegas plays several instruments including acoustic guitar , accordion , and keyboard . She has won five Latin Grammys and one Grammy Award among other awards . She has composed music for theater and performed in soundtracks for two movies . In 1997 , she released her debut album Aquí to favorable reviews in Mexico by the rock audience . In later years , she positioned herself as one of the most prominent songwriters in Latin pop by achieving fame in 2003 in Latin America and Spain with the album Sí and singles Andar Conmigo and Algo está cambiando which were positioned at the top of Latin Billboard . In 2006 , she released her most successful album Limón y Sal which is her best-selling album to date . Limón y Sal achieved Platinum status in several countries , including the worldwide hit Me Voy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Limón_y_Sal', 'summary': "Limón y Sal ( Lemon and Salt ) is the title of the fourth studio album released by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas . It was recorded in Buenos Aires , Argentina and first released in Mexico on May 30 , 2006 and in the United States on June 6 , 2006 . To date the album has sold over 4.5 million copies worldwide . The album 's overall themes deal with the general ups and downs of life and relationships . All the songs were composed by Venegas , with the exception of three songs , where she had the help of Coti Sorokin and Cachorro López . Some notable songs are Primer Día and its reggae rhythm , sung in a duet with Dante Spinetta . In De Qué Me Sirve she plays the accordion in a tango and bolero fashion . Eres Para Mí is a duet with Chilean singer Anita Tijoux . The album was nominated for Album of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2006 , winning one prize for Best Alternative Music Album and won for Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album , sharing a historical tie with Ricardo Arjona and his album Adentro The song Canciones de Amor was used in the 2007 film The Heartbreak Kid . The song Mírame Bien was used as the opening theme for the 2011-2012 Brazilian telenovela A Vida da Gente ( The Life We Lead ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cachorro_López', 'summary': 'Gerardo Horacio López von Linden ( born 3 March 1956 ) , known professionally as Cachorro López , is an Argentine record producer , musician and songwriter . Born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , he enrolled in various musical ensembles , including Zas and Los Abuelos de la Nada . López has worked with several artists producing their albums , including Caifanes , Stephanie Salas , Andrés Calamaro , Paulina Rubio , Diego Torres and Miranda ! . López also was the executive producer of the tribute album for the English band Queen in 1997 . His work has been recognized with two Latin Grammy Awards for Producer of the Year in 2006 and 2009 , out of four consecutive nominations , and a Grammy Award for producing Limón y Sal by Julieta Venegas .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2007', 'summary': "The 8th Annual Latin Grammy Awards took place on Thursday , November 8 , 2007 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas , Nevada . The show aired on Univision . Juan Luis Guerra was the night 's big winner winning 5 awards including Album of the Year . Juan Luis Guerra was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year one night prior to the telecast ."}]}, {'value': 'Juan Luis Guerra · produced by Allan Leschhorn · engineered/mixed by Allan Leschhorn , Luis Mansilla , Ronnie Torres · mastered by Adam Ayan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra', 'summary': 'Juan Luis Guerra Seijas ( born June 7 , 1957 ) , is a Dominican musician , singer , composer , and record producer . He has sold over 70 million records , and has won numerous awards including 21 Latin Grammy Awards , two Grammy Awards , and two Latin Billboard Music Awards . Guerra won 3 Latin Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Album of the Year . In 2012 , he won the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year . Guerra is one of the most internationally recognized Latin artists of recent decades . His popular style of merengue and Afro-Latin fusion has garnered him considerable success throughout Latin America . He is also credited for popularizing bachata music on a global level and is often associated with the genre , although his distinct style of bachata features a more traditional bolero rhythm and aesthetic mixed with bossa-nova influenced melodies and harmony in some of his songs . He does not limit himself to one style of music ; instead , he incorporates diverse rhythms like merengue , bachata-fusion , balada , salsa , rock and roll , and even gospel . Ojalá Que Llueva Café ( I Hope it Rains Coffee ) is one of his most critically acclaimed pieces .'}]}, {'value': 'La Llave de Mi Corazón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Llave_de_Mi_Corazón', 'summary': 'La Llave de Mi Corazón is a studio album recorded by Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra , It was released by EMI Televisa Music on March 20 , 2007 ( see 2007 in music ) . It peaked at number 77 on the Billboard 200 . A special edition of the album was released on October 2 , 2007 . In 2007 , the album won six Latin Grammy Awards . The album won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Tropical Latin Album at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards on February 10 , 2008 . The album was a commercial success across Latin America and Europe , selling more than 100,000 copies in Spain , 167,000 copies in the United States and more than half a million worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'Miguel Bosé and Various Artists - Papito ( Bosé , Carlos Jean , Andres Levin , Sandy McLelland , Nicolas Sorín , producers ; Bori Alarcón , Carlos Alvarez , Andy Bradfield , Miguel Bustamante , Gustavo Celis , José Luis Crespo , Dan Duzla , Goodandevil , Carlos Hernández , Levin , Sandy McLelland , Phil Mezzetti , Robert A. Moses , Geof Sanoff , Pepo Scherman , Carl Thiel , engineers/mixers ; Nautilus , Milan , mastering engineer ) Calle 13 - Residente o Visitante ( Juan Campodónico , Antonio Toy Hernández , Edgar Abraham Marrero , Panasuyo , Gustavo Santaolalla , Visitante , producers ; Felipe Álvarez , Iván Gutiérrez , Ramón Martínez , Edgardo Matta , Carlos Velázquez , engineer/mixer ; James Cruz , mastering engineer ) Ricky Martin - MTV Unplugged ( Tommy Torres , producer ; Gustavo Borner , Bob Clearmountain , engineer/mixer ; Ted Jensen , mastering engineer ) Alejandro Sanz - El Tren de los Momentos ( Lulo Pérez , Sanz , producers ; Carlos Álvarez , Gustavo Celis , Pérez , Thom Russo , Sanz , Rafa Sardina , Pepo Scherman , engineer/mixer ; Stephen Marcussen , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Bosé', 'summary': 'Luis Miguel González Bosé ( born April 3 , 1956 ) , usually known as Miguel Bosé , is a Panamanian-born Spanish pop new wave musician and actor . Bosé became an honorary Colombian citizen in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Papito_(album)', 'summary': 'Papito ( lit . Daddy ) is an album released by Spanish pop singer Miguel Bosé to celebrate his 30 years in the Music industry . The album includes 14 tracks of previously known hit songs by the artist , in reworked versions in collaboration with many artists including Juanes , Shakira , Amaia Montero , Ricky Martin , Laura Pausini , Paulina Rubio , Alaska , Julieta Venegas , Ivete Sangalo , and Italian legend Mina .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Jean', 'summary': 'Carlos Jean Arriaga ( born 15 February 1973 ) is a Spanish DJ and record producer born in the region of Galicia in Northwestern Spain . He is the co-founder of the group Najwajean , and has been a producer for some of the most important Spanish and Latin-American artists of the 2000s , earning seven Latin Grammy nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andres_Levin', 'summary': 'Andres Levin is a Venezuelan-born American record producer , bandleader , filmmaker , recording engineer and philanthropist . Levin won a Grammy Award in 2009 for his production of the In the Heights cast recording . His Grammy-nominated Latin fusion band Yerba Buena was founded along with Cuban-American singer Cucu Diamantes . Levin has been called the master-chef of urban fusion by the Los Angeles Times .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Calle_13_(band)', 'summary': 'Calle 13 is a Puerto Rican band formed by stepbrothers René Pérez Joglar ( born February 23 , 1978 in Hato Rey ) who calls himself Residente ( lead singer , songwriter ) and Eduardo José Cabra Martínez ( born September 10 , 1978 in Santurce ) , who calls himself Visitante ( multi-instrumentalist , vocalist , beat producer ) and their half-sister Ileana Cabra Joglar aka PG-13 or recently ILE ( backing vocals ) . Stepbrothers Pérez and Cabra first were discovered by Elias De Leon . They were subsequently given a record deal with White Lion Records after leaving a demo with A & R Director Carlos Karly Rosario . After the controversial song Querido F.B.I . was released , the group gained notoriety in Puerto Rico . In 2005 , Calle 13 released its eponymously titled debut album , which became very popular due to the singles Se Vale Tó-Tó and ¡Atrévete-te-te ! . In 2007 , the group released its second album , Residente o Visitante , which was also very successful and experimented with a wide variety of genres . The album helped the group gain success throughout Latin America and win three Latin Grammys . The group released its third album , Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo , in 2008 , which won Album of the Year at the 2009 Latin Grammy Awards . Calle 13 released Entren Los Que Quieran in November 2010 and its latest album , Multi Viral , on March 1 , 2014 . Calle 13 is noted for its eclectic musical style , often using unconventional instrumentation in its music , which distances the group from the reggaeton genre . The band is also known for its satirical lyrics as well as social commentary about Latin American issues and culture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Residente_o_Visitante', 'summary': "Residente o Visitante ( Resident or Visitor ) is the second studio album by Puerto Rican urban/hip hop band Calle 13 , released on April 24 , 2007 , by Sony BMG . Recorded in various countries while on tour in promotion of the duo 's debut album Calle 13 , Residente o Visitante marked an evolution in the band 's musical and lyrical style . While writing the album , the duo took a trip to South America to explore areas populated by Latin America 's indigenous and African-descended minorities , a journey that greatly influenced the music on Residente o Visitante . The album features six guest artists and delves into genres such as tango , bossa nova , cumbia , and electronica . Residente o Visitante debuted at number one on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart , selling 12,000 copies in its first week . The record was also certified Gold in Argentina by the Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers ( CAPIF ) . The first single released from the album , Tango del Pecado , reached number 14 on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Airplay chart . The record received positive reviews from critics , who praised the album 's experimental nature and unique lyrical themes . The album also won Best Urban Music Album and Best Urban Song for Pal ' Norte at the 8th Annual Latin Grammy Awards . A film entitled Sin Mapa documenting the group 's travel experiences while recording the album was released on July 29 , 2009 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Juan_Campodónico', 'summary': 'Juan Campodónico ( Montevideo , Uruguay , 1971 ) , sometimes working under his stage name Campo , is an Uruguayan musician , producer , composer , creator and former member of El Peyote Asesino , Bajofondo and Campo . He produced albums by Jorge Drexler ( Frontera , Sea , Eco , 12 Segundos de Oscuridad ) , Luciano Supervielle , Bajofondo ( Tango Club , Mar Dulce , Presente ) , El Cuarteto de Nos ( Raro , Bipolar , Porfiado ) , La Vela Puerca ( El impulso ) , OMAR , Sordromo , No Te Va Gustar , Santullo and Ximena Sariñana among others . He created the Bajofondo project alongside iconic producer and two-time Academy Award winner for Best Original Score Gustavo Santaolalla ( Brokeback Mountain and Babel ) . He has been awarded with various Latin Grammy , Premios Gardel and Graffiti awards for his work as a producer , as well as with many golden records .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Panasuyo', 'summary': "Aureliano Méndez ( born 6 November 1974 ) , better known to his fans as Panasuyo , is a Venezuelan musician . His trademark sound is a fusion of traditional Venezuelan musical forms and Caribbean rhythms with rock , pop and reggae . Méndez was born in Guanare , in Venezuela 's Portuguesa State . In 2003 he created the soundtrack for a multi-award winning short film The Mexican Dream , by director Gustavo Hernandez Perez , a tragi-comic drama based on the longings and delusions that lure so many illegal immigrants to the USA , which was shown on HBO Latino . In 2005 , Rio Bellisimo , his first single , went to number one in Venezuela 's local radio chart . He also took part in the album Simon Diaz Remixes in 2006 , which saw a number of young Venezuelan talents producing remixes of songs by the famous Venezuelan singer and composer Simon Diaz . Panasuyo 's album Monte y Culebra was also released in 2006 , including the tracks Bien Sencillo , Besito and Monte y Culebra , leading to a publishing deal with Warner Chappell Latin in 2007 . He received two Grammy nominations in 2007 , one for participating as a producer of the Record of the Year 2007 and another as co-writer of Best Urban Song 2007 - both for the album Residente o Visitante for Puerto Rican group Calle 13 . He sings on Tango del Pecado by Calle 13 , which also features Gustavo Santaolalla and his group Bajofondo . Panasuyo also produced La Era de la Copiaera on the same album . He was Latin Grammy Award Winner 2007 as composer of Pal Norte , for which he was producer/composer/performer . He won the American Grammy 2008 for Best Latin Alternative Album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla', 'summary': 'Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( born 19 August 1951 ) is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer . He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years , for Brokeback Mountain in 2005 , and Babel in 2006 . More recently , he composed the original score for the video game The Last of Us ( 2013 ) , and the theme music for The CW series Jane the Virgin ( 2014-2019 ) and the Netflix series Making a Murderer ( 2015-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/James_Cruz', 'summary': 'James Cruz is a Grammy Award winning audio mastering engineer and owner of Zeitgeist Sound Studios in Long Island City , New York .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Martin', 'summary': "Enrique Martín Morales ( Spanish pronunciation : [ enˈɾike maɾˈtin moˈɾales ] ; born December 24 , 1971 ) , better known as Ricky Martin , is a Puerto Rican singer , actor and author who is widely regarded as the King of Latin Pop . He holds dual American and Spanish citizenship , and began his career at age 12 with the all-boy pop group Menudo . After five years with the group , he released several Spanish-language solo albums throughout the 1990s . Since the beginning of his solo career in 1991 , Ricky Martin has sold over 70 million records making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists of all time . He also acted on stage and on TV in Mexico , where he achieved modest stardom . In 1994 , he appeared on the US TV soap opera General Hospital , playing a Puerto Rican singer . He also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time . In early 1999 , after releasing several albums in Spanish , Martin performed The Cup of Life at the 41st Annual Grammy Awards show , which became a catalyst in bringing Latin pop to the forefront of the U.S. music scene . Following its success , Martin released Livin ' la Vida Loca , which helped him attain success worldwide . It is generally seen as the song that began the Latin pop explosion of 1999 and made the transition easier for other Spanish-speaking artists to move into the English-speaking market . His first English-language album ( also titled Ricky Martin ) , sold 15 million copies and is his best selling album to date . His other studio albums include : Me Amaras ( 1993 ) , A Medio Vivir ( 1995 ) , Vuelve ( 1998 ) , Sound Loaded ( 2000 ) , Almas del Silencio ( 2003 ) , Life ( 2005 ) , Música + Alma + Sexo ( 2011 ) , A Quien Quiera Escuchar ( 2015 ) , and Movimiento ( 2020 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/MTV_Unplugged_(Ricky_Martin_album)', 'summary': 'MTV Unplugged is the name of the first live album of the Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin . It was released to the market in CD and DVD formats by Sony BMG Norte on November 7 , 2006 , has sold more than 2 million copies worldwide and has been certified with several platinum and gold discs .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Torres', 'summary': "Tomas Torres Carrasquillo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtomas ˈtores karasˈkiʝo ] ; born November 25 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Tommy Torres ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtomi ˈtores ] ) , is a Puerto Rican singer , songwriter , and record producer . Named # 1 Hot Latin Tracks Producer of 2007 by Billboard magazine and Composer of the Year at 2010 ASCAP 's Latin Music Awards , Torres has written and produced songs for many artists including Ricardo Arjona , Jaci Velasquez , Ednita Nazario , Alejandro Sanz , Ricky Martin and Franco De Vita ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bob_Clearmountain', 'summary': "Bob Clearmountain ( born January 15 , 1953 ) is an American music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Bruce Springsteen ( mixing Springsteen 's Born in the U.S.A. ) , The Rolling Stones ( re-mixes of the singles Miss You and Out of Tears ) as well as their Tattoo You album , Bryan Adams ( mixing almost all of his albums since 1983 ) , Robbie Williams ( Intensive Care ) , Toto , Bon Jovi ( These Days , Crush , Bounce ) , Altered State , Simple Minds , and 235 other artists . He has been nominated for four Grammy Awards and won a Latin Grammy Award in 2007 for Best Male Pop Vocal Album for his work with engineering Ricky Martin 's MTV Unplugged . He has also won an Emmy and he has won seven TEC Awards for Best Recording Engineer , two others for Best Broadcast Engineer , one special Les Paul Award and a Monitor Award for the Rolling Stone 's Voodoo Lounge pay-per-view show . He is married to Apogee Electronics CEO , Betty Bennett . Clearmountain also played bass on The Dead Boys ' first album , Young , Loud and Snotty , before Jeff Magnum rejoined the group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ted_Jensen', 'summary': "Ted Jensen ( born September 19 , 1954 ) is an American mastering engineer , known for having mastered many recordings including the Eagles ' Hotel California , Green Day 's American Idiot and Norah Jones ' Come Away with Me ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Tren_de_los_Momentos', 'summary': 'El Tren de los Momentos ( The Train of the Moments ) is the eighth studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz , It was released by WEA Latina on November 7 , 2006 ( see 2006 in music ) . which counts with the collaborations of Juanes , Antonio Carmona ( ex-Ketama ) , Shakira and Calle 13 . It contains ten songs produced by him and Lulo Pérez and this diversity of voices allows approaching social , political and faith topics from differing points of view . It was recorded in Havana , Miami , Bahamas and Madrid , with most recording taking place in a studio that Sanz has at his house in Miami . The album won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards . Also was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year , in the 8th Annual Latin Grammy Awards which was awarded to La Llave de Mi Corazón by Juan Luis Guerra .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Celis', 'summary': "Gustavo Celis is a music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Shakira ( he mixed her classic albums Fijación Oral Vol . 1 and Oral Fixation Vol . 2 , and singles La Tortura and Do n't Bother ) , Ricky Martin ( he mixed his single Jaleo and Life ) , Chicago ( he recorded the soundtrack to the motion picture ) , Gloria Estefan ( Caribbean Soul ) , Beyoncé ( B'Day including the single Beautiful Liar ) , and many others . He has been nominated twice for Mix Foundation 's TEC Award , for Best Record Production in 2006 and Best Surround Sound Recording in 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thom_Russo', 'summary': 'Thomas Thom Russo is an American record producer , composer , engineer , mixer and songwriter . His works range from Anglo-American pop/rock to Alternative Latin . He is a recipient of 16 Grammy awards'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Marcussen', 'summary': 'Stephen Marcussen is the founder and chief mastering engineer at Marcussen Mastering in Hollywood , California .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2008', 'summary': "The 9th Annual Latin Grammy Awards took place on Thursday , November 13 , 2008 at the Toyota Center in Houston , Texas and were aired on Univision . The Brazilian Field awards were presented on the same day at the Ibirapuera Auditorium in São Paulo . The Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year was Gloria Estefan . Juanes was the night 's big winner , winning 5 awards including Album of the Year . He now has 17 Latin Grammy awards which is more than any other recording artist ."}]}, {'value': 'Juanes · produced by Gustavo Santaolalla · engineered/mixed by Steve Churchyard , Jorge da Silva , Anibal Kerpel and Thom Russo · mastered by Tom Baker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juanes', 'summary': "Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez ( born August 9 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Juanes , is a Colombian musician who was a member of the rock band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist . In 2000 , his solo debut album Fíjate Bien won three Latin Grammy Awards . According to his record label , Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide . Raised in Colombia , Juanes began playing piano at age two . When Juanes was 17 , he started his first band , Ekhymosis , in 1988 , which went on to release Eight albums , achieving recognition in his native country of Colombia . The track Dos from the album Niño Gigante in 1992 was very popular . In 1997 after the band broke up , Juanes continued solo and in 2000 he released the album , Fíjate Bien , which earned him three Latin Grammys . His follow-up album , Un Día Normal , was released in 2000 and was later certified platinum in Guatemala and Uruguay throughout Latin America . Juanes ' third album , Mi Sangre ( 2004 ) , which became an international bestseller , managing to position well in a number of countries around the world , achieved success due to the single La Camisa Negra . He has since released La Vida . Es Un Ratico ( 2007 ) and P.A.R.C.E . ( 2010 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla', 'summary': 'Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( born 19 August 1951 ) is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer . He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years , for Brokeback Mountain in 2005 , and Babel in 2006 . More recently , he composed the original score for the video game The Last of Us ( 2013 ) , and the theme music for The CW series Jane the Virgin ( 2014-2019 ) and the Netflix series Making a Murderer ( 2015-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Steve_Churchyard', 'summary': "Steve Churchyard is an English record producer , recording engineer and mixer who began his career at Sir George Martins AIR Studios in London . He currently resides in the United States . He has been nominated for 15 Grammy awards . In 2008 he won a Latin Grammy for Juanes album La Vida . Es Un Ratico . In 2010 , he won a Latin Grammy for the album Paraíso Express by Alejandro Sanz . In 2011 , Steve Churchyard received a Grammy nomination for Katy Perry 's album Teenage Dream and again in 2012 for Jason Mraz 's album Love is a Four Letter Word . He has multiple previous nominations . He has worked on recordings by INXS , The Eagles , Billy Joel , The Sex Pistols , Meat Loaf , Keith Urban , Shakira , George Michael , Hanson , Faith Hill , The Darkness , The Scorpions , Avril Lavigne , Kelly Clarkson , Joni Mitchell , Blinker the Star , Siouxsie and the Banshees , Dalis Car , The Pretenders and The Stranglers . Steve Churchyard was featured in the book Behind the Glass by Howard Massey ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thom_Russo', 'summary': 'Thomas Thom Russo is an American record producer , composer , engineer , mixer and songwriter . His works range from Anglo-American pop/rock to Alternative Latin . He is a recipient of 16 Grammy awards'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Baker', 'summary': 'Thomas Stewart Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor and writer . He is well known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor in the title role , and provided narration in the television comedy series Little Britain . His voice , which has been described as sonorous , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK in 2006 . At age 15 , Baker began study as a religious brother . He gradually lost his vocation , leaving religious life at age 21 to undertake national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . Upon leaving the army , he served in the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre under Laurence Olivier . He was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as the star of Doctor Who , the series received high viewing figures and featured many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to feature in regular television roles later in his career , including in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . He has also narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks , radio plays , and television series .'}]}, {'value': 'La Vida ... Es un Ratico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Vida..._Es_un_Ratico', 'summary': 'La Vida . es un Ratico ( English : Life . Is a Moment ) is the fourth studio album recorded by Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes , which was released by Universal Music Latino on October 23 , 2007 ( see 2007 in music ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Concha Buika - Niña de Fuego ( Javier Limón , producer ; Oscar Clavel , Melisa Nanni , engineers/mixers ; Alan Silverman , mastering engineer ) Café Tacvba - Sino ( Café Tacvba , Tony Peluso , Gustavo Santaolalla , producers ; Emmanuel del Real , Peluso , engineers/mixers ; Tom Baker , mastering engineer ) Vicente Fernández - Para Siempre ( Joan Sebastian , Jesús Rincón Cárdenas , producers ; Dennis Parker , engineer/mixer ; Parker , mastering engineer ) Kany García - Cualquier Día ( Guillermo Gil , Pancho Ruíz , Mario Santos , producers ; Gil , engineer/mixer ; Güicho Gil , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concha_Buika', 'summary': 'María Concepción Balboa Buika ( born 11 May 1972 ) , known as Concha Buika or Buika , is a Spanish singer . Her album Niña de Fuego was nominated for the 2008 Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year and La Noche Más Larga was nominated for Best Latin Jazz Album at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in 2014 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Niña_de_Fuego', 'summary': 'Niña de Fuego is the third studio album by Spanish singer Concha Buika . It was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year . The record was released on January 2 , 2008 via Casa Limón and DRO Atlantic labels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Javier_Limón', 'summary': "Javier Limón ( born 1973 ) is a record producer , singer and songwriter born and raised in Madrid , Spain . Limón has worked with several artists , mainly from Spain , since he incorporates elements of flamenco rhythm to his work . Besides his work as producer has also dabbled as an interpreter and has released three studio albums , Limón , Son de Limón and Mujeres de Agua . Since 2003 , Limón has done recordings in Israel , Bogotá , Bristol , Paris , Bahía Blanca , Buenos Aires , New York City and Morocco . In 2004 , Limón was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year for his work on Lágrimas Negras by Diego El Cigala and Bebo Valdés , Cositas Buenas by Paco de Lucía , El Cantante by Andrés Calamaro , El Pequeño Reloj by Enrique Morente , Niño Josele by Niño Josele and Tributo Flamenco A Don Juan Valderrama by Various Artists . Javier Limón serves as the Artistic Director of the Berklee College of Music 's Mediterranean Music Institute , which operates in Valencia , Spain as well as Boston , Massachusetts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Café_Tacvba', 'summary': 'Café Tacuba ( stylized Café Tacvba ) is a band from Ciudad Satélite , Mexico . The group gained popularity in the early 1990s . They were founded in 1989 , before they had the current lineup of Rubén Isaac Albarrán Ortega ( lead vocals , rhythm guitar ) , Emmanuel del Real Díaz ( keyboards , piano , programming , rhythm guitar , melodica , vocals ) , José Alfredo Joselo Rangel Arroyo ( lead guitar , vocals ) , and Enrique Quique Rangel Arroyo : ( bass guitar , electric upright bass , vocals ) , their friend Roberto Silva played the keyboards for a short period of time . Mexican folk music player Alejandro Flores was for a time considered the 5th tacubo , as he played the violin in almost every Café Tacvba concert for many years . Since the Cuatro Caminos World Tour , Luis El Children Ledezma has played the drums in every concert but is not considered an official member of the band .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sino_(Café_Tacuba_album)', 'summary': 'Sino is the Latin Grammy winning sixth studio album by Mexican band Café Tacuba , released on October 9 , 2007 in Mexico , Latin America and the United States . The band has once again worked with award-winning Argentine music producer Gustavo Santaolalla . Four singles spawned off the album- Volver a Comenzar , Esta Vez , Vámonos , and Quiero Ver . The full album leaked onto the internet on October 6 , 2007 . On September 10 , 2008 , Café Tacvba became the leading nominee at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 with a total of six nominations : Album of the Year and Alternative Music Album , for Sino . The lead single Volver a Comenzar was shortlisted for Record of the Year and Best Alternative Song . The second single Esta Vez received nominations for Best Rock Song and Song of the Year . The band took the record for most Latin Grammys won in one night . Volver a Comenzar is featured prominently in the video game LittleBigPlanet .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Peluso', 'summary': "Anthony F. Peluso ( March 28 , 1950 - June 5 , 2010 ) was an American guitarist and record producer . He was lead guitarist for pop duo the Carpenters from 1972 to 1983 . Peluso played the fuzz guitar solo on the Carpenters ' song Goodbye to Love . He also contributed a disc jockey impersonation that opens the duo 's cover of Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft and was the deejay who links the medley of oldies tracks on Side 2 of the Carpenters album Now & Then ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Santaolalla', 'summary': 'Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla ( born 19 August 1951 ) is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer . He has won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years , for Brokeback Mountain in 2005 , and Babel in 2006 . More recently , he composed the original score for the video game The Last of Us ( 2013 ) , and the theme music for The CW series Jane the Virgin ( 2014-2019 ) and the Netflix series Making a Murderer ( 2015-present ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Baker', 'summary': 'Thomas Stewart Baker ( born 20 January 1934 ) is an English actor and writer . He is well known for his portrayal of the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who from 1974 to 1981 , a longer tenure than any other actor in the title role , and provided narration in the television comedy series Little Britain . His voice , which has been described as sonorous , was voted the fourth-most recognisable in the UK in 2006 . At age 15 , Baker began study as a religious brother . He gradually lost his vocation , leaving religious life at age 21 to undertake national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps . Upon leaving the army , he served in the Merchant Navy and then became an actor , joining the Royal National Theatre under Laurence Olivier . He was in his thirties when his professional acting career began , and his first major film role was as Grigori Rasputin in Nicholas and Alexandra in 1971 , when he was 37 . He went on to play the villainous Prince Koura in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad in 1973 , which led to his casting in Doctor Who . During his period as the star of Doctor Who , the series received high viewing figures and featured many stories which became regarded as classics . He remains one of the most instantly recognisable incarnations of the character . He continued to feature in regular television roles later in his career , including in the series Medics and Monarch of the Glen . He has also narrated commercials , video games , audiobooks , radio plays , and television series .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vicente_Fernández', 'summary': "Vicente Chente Fernández Gómez ( born 17 February 1940 ) is a Mexican retired singer , actor , and film producer . Nicknamed El Rey de la Música Ranchera ( The King of Ranchera Music ) , Fernández started his career singing for tips on the street , and has since become a cultural icon , recording more than 50 albums and contributing to more than 30 films . His repertoire consists of rancheras and other Mexican classics . He is accompanied live by a mariachi group , but he is not technically a mariachi musician , as he only sings live . Vicente 's fame rose after the death of Javier Solís ( El Rey del Bolero Ranchero ) . Fernández 's work has earned him three Grammy Awards , eight Latin Grammy Awards , fourteen Lo Nuestro Awards , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . He has sold over 50 million copies worldwide , making him one of the best-selling regional Mexican artists of all time . In 2016 , Fernández retired from performing live , although he continues to record and publish music ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Para_Siempre', 'summary': "Para Siempre ( Forever ) is the 79th studio album released by Mexican singer Vicente Fernández on September 18 , 2007 by Sony BMG Norte . Written and produced by Joan Sebastian , and co-produced by Jesús Rincón , the album is a successful mariachi record . It has sold two million copies worldwide , and is one of the biggest-selling albums by Fernández . It spawned four singles : Estos Celos , La Derrota , Un Millón de Primaveras and the title track , the latter of which was used as the main theme to the Mexican telenovela Fuego En La Sangre , which brought the album wider exposure and helped it to stay in the charts for over two years . It was named the best-selling Regional Mexican Album of the decade by Billboard magazine . Originally conceived as a banda music project , the album earned Fernández a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album , four Premios Oye ! and a Grammy nomination . Para Siempre is considered responsible for bringing Mexican traditional music to a younger audience that had never listened to the singer before . Fernández released music videos for the twelve tracks and recorded a TV special on his ranch in Guadalajara , Jalisco . A sold-out promotional tour led to the recording of the live album Primera Fila , Fernández ' follow up album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joan_Sebastian', 'summary': 'José Manuel Figueroa Figueroa ( April 8 , 1951 - July 13 , 2015 ) , better known as Joan Sebastian ( pronounced [ ʝoˈan seβasˈtjan ] ) , was a Mexican singer-songwriter . He wrote more than 1,000 songs including compositions for Bronco , Grupo Latino , Vicente Fernández , Lucero , Pepe Aguilar , and Rocío Dúrcal . His music is a mixture of Latin pop , ranchera and grupera music . Sebastian was awarded seven Latin Grammy Awards and five Grammy Awards , making him the most awarded Mexican performer in Grammy history . Sebastian also worked sporadically as an actor . In 1996 , he made his acting debut in the Mexican soap opera Tú y Yo ( You and I ) , sharing credits with Maribel Guardia , his former wife and mother to his son , Julian . In 2015 , Sebastian died at the age of 64 of bone cancer . At the time of his death , Sebastian had two number-one albums on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and seven top ten songs on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kany_García', 'summary': 'Encarnita Kany García de Jesús ( born September 25 , 1982 ) is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter . Born in Toa Baja , Puerto Rico , García first appeared on television in 2004 as a contestant on Objetivo Fama . She is widely considered the most successful non-winner in the history of the show . In 2006 , García signed a recording contract with Sony BMG , releasing her debut album Cualquier Día ( 2007 ) , which was a commercial success , spawning four top 40 singles on the Billboard Latin Tracks . With great praise for her work , she has been nominated for six Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards , and has won Best Female Pop Vocal Album for Cualquier Día and Best New Artist in 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cualquier_Día', 'summary': 'Cualquier Día ( Any Day ) is Latin Grammy winning album and debut Spanish album of Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Kany García . It reached the top 10 of the Latin Pop album charts in the United States , top 50 in Mexico and # 1 in Puerto Rico . The album was released on July 10 , 2007 and produced by Sony BMG . It was released to critical acclaim .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2009', 'summary': 'The 10th Annual Latin Grammy Awards took place on Thursday , November 5 , 2009 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas , Nevada . This was the second time the show took place in Las Vegas . Juan Gabriel was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 4 , the day prior to the telecast . Calle 13 were the big winners , winning five awards including Album of the Year . 2009 marked the ten-year anniversary of the Latin Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Calle 13 · produced by Rafael Arcaute , Eduardo Cabra , Ivan Gutiérrez , Edgardo Matta and René Pérez · engineered/mixed by Rodrigo Barria , Cesar Dellano , Ivan Gutierrez , Guillermo Mandrafina , Carlos Velazquez , Ramón Martínez and Omar Vivoni · mastered by James Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calle_13_(band)', 'summary': 'Calle 13 is a Puerto Rican band formed by stepbrothers René Pérez Joglar ( born February 23 , 1978 in Hato Rey ) who calls himself Residente ( lead singer , songwriter ) and Eduardo José Cabra Martínez ( born September 10 , 1978 in Santurce ) , who calls himself Visitante ( multi-instrumentalist , vocalist , beat producer ) and their half-sister Ileana Cabra Joglar aka PG-13 or recently ILE ( backing vocals ) . Stepbrothers Pérez and Cabra first were discovered by Elias De Leon . They were subsequently given a record deal with White Lion Records after leaving a demo with A & R Director Carlos Karly Rosario . After the controversial song Querido F.B.I . was released , the group gained notoriety in Puerto Rico . In 2005 , Calle 13 released its eponymously titled debut album , which became very popular due to the singles Se Vale Tó-Tó and ¡Atrévete-te-te ! . In 2007 , the group released its second album , Residente o Visitante , which was also very successful and experimented with a wide variety of genres . The album helped the group gain success throughout Latin America and win three Latin Grammys . The group released its third album , Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo , in 2008 , which won Album of the Year at the 2009 Latin Grammy Awards . Calle 13 released Entren Los Que Quieran in November 2010 and its latest album , Multi Viral , on March 1 , 2014 . Calle 13 is noted for its eclectic musical style , often using unconventional instrumentation in its music , which distances the group from the reggaeton genre . The band is also known for its satirical lyrics as well as social commentary about Latin American issues and culture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/James_Cruz', 'summary': 'James Cruz is a Grammy Award winning audio mastering engineer and owner of Zeitgeist Sound Studios in Long Island City , New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_de_atrás_vienen_conmigo', 'summary': "Los de atrás vienen conmigo ( English : The Ones Behind Are Coming with Me ) is the third studio album by Puerto Rican alternative rap band Calle 13 and was released on October 21 , 2008 by Sony Music Latin . This album is a bit more colorful than the previous , although dark humor continues to be the tone . The album has a fusion of rhythms the band discovered during their visits to several countries . They fuse rhythms of 'cumbia villera ' native to Argentina , and rhythms of Balkan music . The album features collaborations with Rubén Blades , Café Tacuba , and Afrobeta ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrés Cepeda - Día Tras Día ( Fredy Camelo Salamanca , Cepeda , producers ; Toño Castillo , Eduardo De Narváez , Keith Morrison , Javier Soto , engineers/mixers ; Mike Fuller , mastering engineer ) Luis Enrique - Ciclos ( Bob Benozzo , Sergio George , producers ; Carlos Álvarez , Juan Mario Mayito Aracil , Benozzo , Simone Chivilo , Roberto II Mac Maccagno , Andrea Valfre , engineers/mixers ; Tom Coyne , mastering engineer ) Ivan Lins & The Metropole Orchestra - Regência : Vince Mendoza ( Lins , Vince Mendoza , producers ; Rich Green , Paul Pouwer , engineers/mixers ; Breen , mastering engineer ) Mercedes Sosa - Cantora 1 ( Popi Spatocco , producer ; Gustavo Celis , Matía Cella , Jorge da Silva , Aníbal Kerpel , Sebastián Merlín , Alejandro Saro , Bruno Stehling , engineers/mixers ; Ariel Lavignia , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrés_Cepeda', 'summary': 'Andrés Cepeda ( born July 7 , 1973 ) is a popular Colombian singer-songwriter . He was born in Bogotá , the youngest of five children . He displayed an inclination towards music from an early age , studying piano since the age of 5 . He composed his first piece at the age of 12 . He studied at Colegio San Carlos and later at Colegio Emilio Valenzuela . His musical career began as the lead voice of Poligamia , a latin rock-pop group which he founded with some friends during his adolescence . After Poligamia was disbanded , Cepeda continued with his musical career as a soloist , finding success in different musical genres such as bolero and Balada , among other romantic genres . His album El carpintero achieved quadruple-platinum sales in Colombia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Día_tras_día_(album)', 'summary': 'Día Tras Día is the fifth studio album by the Colombian musician Andrés Cepeda the album is written in collaboration with the Cuban musician Amaury Gutiérrez .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Luis_Enrique_(singer)', 'summary': 'Luis Enrique Mejía López ( born September 28 , 1962 ) is a Nicaraguan singer and composer . He attended La Serna High School in Whittier , CA . He started his career in the late 1980s and achieved success in the 1990s , earning the title El Príncipe de la Salsa ( The Prince of Salsa ) . He was one of the leading pioneers that led to the salsa romántica movement in the 1980s . Enrique has received two Grammy Award-nomination for Best Tropical Latin Performance for album Luces del Alma and his song Amiga . He performed and recorded with salsa romántica group Sensation 85 , which also included La Palabra and Nestor Torres . In 2009 , his album Ciclos was nominated for numerous Latin Grammy Awards , his biggest breakthrough in over a decade . The album won the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album and also contained the hit single Yo No Sé Mañana .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ciclos_(Luis_Enrique_album)', 'summary': 'Ciclos is the seventeenth studio album by Nicaraguan recording artist Luis Enrique , released by Top Stop Music on May 19 , 2009 . The album became his first number-one set on the Billboard Tropical Albums chart since Una Historia Diferente in 1992 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sergio_George', 'summary': "Sergio George ( born May 23 , 1961 ) is an American/Puerto Rican pianist , arranger , and record producer , known for working with many famous performers of salsa music , although he has worked in other genres of the music industry as well . He has worked with some of Latin music 's most popular artists starting with Marc Anthony , DLG , Jennifer Lopez , Tito Nieves , Víctor Manuelle , Frankie Negrón , Johnny Rivera , Ray Sepúlveda , Tito Puente , Thalia , Orquesta de la Luz , Ivy Queen , Celia Cruz , La India , Jerry Rivera , Bacilos , Leslie Grace , Toby Love , Cheo Feliciano , Prince Royce , Liz Elias , Indy Flow , among others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ivan_Lins', 'summary': 'Ivan Guimarães Lins ( born June 16 , 1945 ) is a Latin Grammy-winning Brazilian musician . He has been an active performer and songwriter of Brazilian popular music ( MPB ) and jazz for over thirty years . His first hit , Madalena , was recorded by Elis Regina in 1970 . Love Dance , a hit in 1989 , is one of the most recorded songs in musical history . [ citation needed ] His songs have been covered by Patti Austin , David Benoit , George Benson , Michael Bublé , Eliane Elias , Ella Fitzgerald , Dave Grusin , Shirley Horn , Quincy Jones , Steve Kuhn , the Manhattan Transfer , Sérgio Mendes , Jane Monheit , Mark Murphy , Carmen McRae , Joe Pass , Lee Ritenour , Sarah Vaughan , Diane Schuur , Sting , Barbra Streisand , Take 6 , Toots Thielemans , and Nancy Wilson .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Regência:_Vince_Mendoza', 'summary': 'Regência : Vince Mendoza is an album by Ivan Lins and The Metropole Orchestra .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vince_Mendoza', 'summary': 'Vince Mendoza ( born November 17 , 1961 ) is an American music arranger , conductor , and composer . Mendoza was born in Connecticut and studied guitar as a child , influenced by classical music , soul and jazz . He then took up the trumpet , which he continued to play at Ohio State University , where he participated in the Jazz Ensemble and the Concert Band . He graduated in 1983 with a degree in music composition . He did his graduate studies in composition at the University of Southern California . He was signed to Blue Note Records , with whom he released Start Here and Instructions Inside . His compositions have been featured by Gary Burton , Pat Metheny , Michael Brecker and Charlie Haden . Mendoza has frequently provided arrangements for their work , as well as for Randy Brecker and Peter Erskine . He has produced and arranged for singers as diverse as Robbie Williams , Björk , Elvis Costello , and six Grammy Award-winning albums , Travelogue , Both Sides Now with Joni Mitchell , Some Skunk Funk , Brown Street , El Viento and 54 . From 2005 to 2013 he was chief conductor of the Dutch Metropole Orchestra .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mercedes_Sosa', 'summary': "Haydée Mercedes Sosa ( Spanish pronunciation : [ meɾˈseðes ˈsosa ] ; 9 July 1935 - 4 October 2009 ) , sometimes known as La Negra ( literally : The Black One ) , was an Argentine singer who was popular throughout Latin America and many countries outside the region . With her roots in Argentine folk music , Sosa became one of the preeminent exponents of nueva canción . She gave voice to songs written by many Latin American songwriters . Her music made people hail her as the voice of the voiceless ones . Sosa performed in venues such as the Lincoln Center in New York City , the Théâtre Mogador in Paris and the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City , as well as sell-out shows in New York 's Carnegie Hall and the Roman Colosseum during her final decade of life . Her career spanned four decades and she was the recipient of six Latin Grammy awards ( 2000 , 2003 , 2004 , 2006 , 2009 , 2011 ) , including a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2004 and two posthumous Latin Grammy Award for Best Folk Album in 2009 and 2011 . She won the Premio Gardel in 2000 , the main musical award in Argentina . She served as an ambassador for UNICEF ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cantora_1', 'summary': 'Cantora 1 is a studio album by the late Argentine singer Mercedes Sosa . It was released in 2009 and features duets with prominent Latin American recording artists . It was certified platinum by the CAPIF . This means that the album sold 40,000 copies in Argentina . Cantora , un Viaje Íntimo features Cantora 1 and Cantora 2 . The recompilation sold more than 200,000 copies in Argentina .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Celis', 'summary': "Gustavo Celis is a music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Shakira ( he mixed her classic albums Fijación Oral Vol . 1 and Oral Fixation Vol . 2 , and singles La Tortura and Do n't Bother ) , Ricky Martin ( he mixed his single Jaleo and Life ) , Chicago ( he recorded the soundtrack to the motion picture ) , Gloria Estefan ( Caribbean Soul ) , Beyoncé ( B'Day including the single Beautiful Liar ) , and many others . He has been nominated twice for Mix Foundation 's TEC Award , for Best Record Production in 2006 and Best Surround Sound Recording in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2010', 'summary': "The 11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on Thursday , November 11 , 2010 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas , Nevada . It was the third time the annual event had taken place at this location . The eligibility period for recordings to be nominated was July 1 , 2009 to June 30 , 2010 . Nominations were announced on September 8 , 2010 . On September 14 , 2010 it was announced that the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honoree would be Plácido Domingo . The big winners of the night were Camila , Juan Luis Guerra and Gustavo Cerati with three awards . Juan Luis Guerra 's A Son de Guerra was awarded the Album of the Year , the second time he has received this award . Mientes by pop band Camila won the Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Alex Cuba and Nelly Furtado became the first Canadian musicians to receive a Latin Grammy Award . Cuba received a Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist and Furtado the Best Female Pop Vocal Album ."}]}, {'value': 'Juan Luis Guerra · produced by Allan Leschhorn · engineered/mixed by David Channing , Rafael Lazzaro , Allan Leschhorn , Luis Mansilla , Janina Rosado , Allen Sides and Ronnie Torres · mastered by Adam Ayan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra', 'summary': 'Juan Luis Guerra Seijas ( born June 7 , 1957 ) , is a Dominican musician , singer , composer , and record producer . He has sold over 70 million records , and has won numerous awards including 21 Latin Grammy Awards , two Grammy Awards , and two Latin Billboard Music Awards . Guerra won 3 Latin Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Album of the Year . In 2012 , he won the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year . Guerra is one of the most internationally recognized Latin artists of recent decades . His popular style of merengue and Afro-Latin fusion has garnered him considerable success throughout Latin America . He is also credited for popularizing bachata music on a global level and is often associated with the genre , although his distinct style of bachata features a more traditional bolero rhythm and aesthetic mixed with bossa-nova influenced melodies and harmony in some of his songs . He does not limit himself to one style of music ; instead , he incorporates diverse rhythms like merengue , bachata-fusion , balada , salsa , rock and roll , and even gospel . Ojalá Que Llueva Café ( I Hope it Rains Coffee ) is one of his most critically acclaimed pieces .'}]}, {'value': 'A Son de Guerra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Son_de_Guerra', 'summary': 'A Son de Guerra is the 11th studio album recorded by Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra , It was released by Capitol Latin on June 8 , 2010 ( see 2010 in music ) . It won the 11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards for Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year on November 11 , 2010 . This was the second time he won the award for Album of the Year . This album features the collaboration of the hit Colombian singer-songwriter Juanes performing the song La Calle .'}]}, {'value': 'Bebe - Y . ( Carlos Jean , producer ; José Luis Crespo , Raúl Quilez , engineers/mixers ; Ian Cooper , mastering engineer ) Miguel Bosé - Cardio ( Bosé , Nicolas Sorín , producers ; Andy Bradfield , Pepo Scherman , engineers/mixers ; Claudio Guissani , mastering engineer ) Camila - Dejarte de Amar ( Mario Domm , Pablo Hurtado , producers ; Gabriel Castañón , Domm , Benny Faccone , Peter Mokran , engineers/mixers ; Bernie Grundman , mastering engineer ) Alejandro Sanz - Paraíso Express ( Tommy Torres , producer ; Bob Clearmountain , Steve Churchyard , Mike Couzzi , Lee Levin , Andrés Saavedra , Dan Warner , Torres , engineers/mixers ; Ted Jensen , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bebe_(singer)', 'summary': 'María Nieves Rebolledo Vila , better known by her stage name Bebe ( born 9 May 1978 ) is a Spanish singer , songwriter , and actress who rose to international fame with the singles Malo and Ella .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Y.', 'summary': "Y. is the second studio album released by Spanish singer-songwriter Bebe . Released on June 29 , 2009 , the album received positive critical reviews , and entered the Spanish Album Chart at number one . It was released after Bebe 's four-year hiatus from the music business , following the success of her debut album Pafuera Telarañas . Recorded over a year in Madrid and Cadiz , Spain , Y. includes the Latin Grammy Award-nominated song Me Fui and the single Pa ' Mi Casa . The album was produced by Carlos Jean , who also worked with Bebe on her debut album . Bebe wrote all the lyrics , including some dealing with issues such as love , sex and self-respect . Y. received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Rock , Alternative or Urban Album and was re-released in December 2009 as a double album edition , which includes the original songs and a separate album with B-sides and collaborations with Lucio Godoy , Luis Pastor , Pedro Guerra and Kultama ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Jean', 'summary': 'Carlos Jean Arriaga ( born 15 February 1973 ) is a Spanish DJ and record producer born in the region of Galicia in Northwestern Spain . He is the co-founder of the group Najwajean , and has been a producer for some of the most important Spanish and Latin-American artists of the 2000s , earning seven Latin Grammy nominations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Bosé', 'summary': 'Luis Miguel González Bosé ( born April 3 , 1956 ) , usually known as Miguel Bosé , is a Panamanian-born Spanish pop new wave musician and actor . Bosé became an honorary Colombian citizen in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cardio_(album)', 'summary': 'Cardio is the 18th studio album by Latin Grammy-winning Spanish musician and actor , Miguel Bosé . It was released in March 9 , 2010 . Cardio spent seven weeks on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart , peaking at No . 3 , and five weeks on the Latin Albums chart , peaking at No . 7 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Camila_(band)', 'summary': 'Camila is a Mexican pop rock group formed in 2005 by Mario Domm and Pablo Hurtado . Until 2013 , Samo was also part of this group .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dejarte_de_Amar', 'summary': 'Dejarte de Amar ( English : Stop Loving You ) is the second studio album recorded by Mexican pop/rock band Camila , It was released by Sony Music Latin on February 9 , 2010 ( see 2010 in music ) Produced by band leader Mario Domm and mostly written by Domm and Mónica Velez , the album became a success in the United States and Mexico . The album was certified Disco Platino in the United States by the RIAA and 4x Platinum in Mexico by AMPROFON . It was recorded in Mexico at Mamita Studio with theme about love , loneliness and lies . The album spawned three singles : Mientes , Aléjate de Mi , and Bésame , all of which reached number-one on the Billboard Latin Pop Airplay chart . The album received generally positive reviews for its arrangements and compositions . The album reached number-one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums and Latin Pop Albums in the United States and number-one on the Mexican Albums Chart . It received a Latin Grammy award for Best Pop Vocal Album by a Duo or Group and a nomination for Album of the Year . The lead single , Mientes , received two Latin Grammy awards for Song of the Year and Record of the Year . The album is currently nominated a Lo Nuestro award for Latin Pop Album of the Year . Mientes was featured in the telenovela Corazón Salvaje ( 2009-2010 ) starring Eduardo Yáñez and Aracely Arámbula . Bésame was also featured in the telenovela Triunfo del Amor ( 2010-2011 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mario_Domm', 'summary': 'Mario Alberto Domínguez Zarzar , Aka Mario Domm , ( born January 22 , 1977 Torreón , Mexico ) is a Mexican singer , songwriter and record producer . A founding member of the pop rock band Camila , he has won four Latin Grammy Awards ; four Billboard Awards ; 11 Premios Lo Nuestro ; 14 SACM awards ; five Juventud Awards , five Telehit awards , four MTV Awards , eight ASCAP Awards , three Gaviotas de Plata Awards and three Gaviotas de Oro Awards , seven Monitor Latino Awards , two Los 40 Principales Awards , one Orgullosamente Latino Award , and a recognition as a musical genius by Telehit . During his career , he has placed 14 singles at the top position of the Mexican charts as well as on other countries . He has sold more than three million records , more than four million tickets and has given more than 500 concerts in 21 countries in America , Europe and Asia . The Elypse Tour is one of the most extensive tours a Latin artist has done in the United States . He has collaborated with the likes of Marco Antonio Solís , Alejandro Sanz , Alejandro Fernández , Wisin , Kenny G , Abraham Mateo , Julio Iglesias , Ricky Martin , Romeo Santos , Fito Páez , Rosana , Colbie Caillat , Pepe Aguilar , Alejandra Guzmán , Thalía , Jessy & Joy , Sin Bandera , Reik , Reyli , Kalimba , The Sacados , Carlos Rivera , Alessandra Amoroso , Wanessa Camargo , and OV7 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Benny_Faccone', 'summary': 'Benny Faccone is a Grammy and Latin Grammy Award-winning mixing engineer , recording engineer , and record producer . He has worked with the likes of Maná , Ricky Martin , Santana , and Luis Miguel .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peter_Mokran', 'summary': 'Peter Mokran is an American mixer , producer , engineer and musician .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bernie_Grundman', 'summary': 'Bernie Grundman is an American audio engineer . He is most known for his mastering work and his studio , Bernie Grundman Mastering , which he opened in 1983 in Hollywood . The studio , which includes engineers Chris Bellman , Patricia Sullivan , and Mike Bozzi , mastered 37 projects which received Grammy Award nominations in 2005 . In 1997 he opened a studio in Tokyo . Grundman and his studio have both won numerous TEC Awards , including Best Mastering Facility and several production awards . Previously , Grundman worked at Contemporary Records and then was head of the A & M Records mastering department in Los Angeles . Now his studio also has been established in Tokyo , Japan with engineer Yasuji Maeda .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Paraíso_Express', 'summary': 'Paraíso Express ( Paradise Express ) is the ninth studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz . It was released by WEA Latina on November 10 , 2009 , ( see 2009 in music ) and was produced by Tommy Torres , mixed by Bob Clearmountain , mastered by Ted Jensen . This album is the follow-up to the Grammy Award-winning albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) . All the tracks included were written by Sanz , along with several writers , a first for the singer , and also the first album without help by Emmanuele Rufinengo and Lulo Pérez , his longtime producing team . Paraíso Express received a nomination for an Album of the Year and won Best Male Pop Vocal Album at the 11th Annual Latin Grammy Awards . It is also won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album in the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2011 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Torres', 'summary': "Tomas Torres Carrasquillo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtomas ˈtores karasˈkiʝo ] ; born November 25 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Tommy Torres ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtomi ˈtores ] ) , is a Puerto Rican singer , songwriter , and record producer . Named # 1 Hot Latin Tracks Producer of 2007 by Billboard magazine and Composer of the Year at 2010 ASCAP 's Latin Music Awards , Torres has written and produced songs for many artists including Ricardo Arjona , Jaci Velasquez , Ednita Nazario , Alejandro Sanz , Ricky Martin and Franco De Vita ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bob_Clearmountain', 'summary': "Bob Clearmountain ( born January 15 , 1953 ) is an American music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Bruce Springsteen ( mixing Springsteen 's Born in the U.S.A. ) , The Rolling Stones ( re-mixes of the singles Miss You and Out of Tears ) as well as their Tattoo You album , Bryan Adams ( mixing almost all of his albums since 1983 ) , Robbie Williams ( Intensive Care ) , Toto , Bon Jovi ( These Days , Crush , Bounce ) , Altered State , Simple Minds , and 235 other artists . He has been nominated for four Grammy Awards and won a Latin Grammy Award in 2007 for Best Male Pop Vocal Album for his work with engineering Ricky Martin 's MTV Unplugged . He has also won an Emmy and he has won seven TEC Awards for Best Recording Engineer , two others for Best Broadcast Engineer , one special Les Paul Award and a Monitor Award for the Rolling Stone 's Voodoo Lounge pay-per-view show . He is married to Apogee Electronics CEO , Betty Bennett . Clearmountain also played bass on The Dead Boys ' first album , Young , Loud and Snotty , before Jeff Magnum rejoined the group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Steve_Churchyard', 'summary': "Steve Churchyard is an English record producer , recording engineer and mixer who began his career at Sir George Martins AIR Studios in London . He currently resides in the United States . He has been nominated for 15 Grammy awards . In 2008 he won a Latin Grammy for Juanes album La Vida . Es Un Ratico . In 2010 , he won a Latin Grammy for the album Paraíso Express by Alejandro Sanz . In 2011 , Steve Churchyard received a Grammy nomination for Katy Perry 's album Teenage Dream and again in 2012 for Jason Mraz 's album Love is a Four Letter Word . He has multiple previous nominations . He has worked on recordings by INXS , The Eagles , Billy Joel , The Sex Pistols , Meat Loaf , Keith Urban , Shakira , George Michael , Hanson , Faith Hill , The Darkness , The Scorpions , Avril Lavigne , Kelly Clarkson , Joni Mitchell , Blinker the Star , Siouxsie and the Banshees , Dalis Car , The Pretenders and The Stranglers . Steve Churchyard was featured in the book Behind the Glass by Howard Massey ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ted_Jensen', 'summary': "Ted Jensen ( born September 19 , 1954 ) is an American mastering engineer , known for having mastered many recordings including the Eagles ' Hotel California , Green Day 's American Idiot and Norah Jones ' Come Away with Me ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2011', 'summary': 'The 12th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on Thursday , November 10 , 2011 , at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas and was hosted by Lucero and Cristián de la Fuente . The eligibility period for recordings to be nominated is July 1 , 2010 to June 30 , 2011 . The show will be aired on Univision . Puerto Rican band Calle 13 were the big winners of the night with nine awards ( breaking the previous record of five wins in a single ceremony ) including Album of the Year for Entren Los Que Quieran ; and Record of the Year and Song of the Year for Latinoamérica . The Best New Artist award went to Sie7e . Shakira was honored as the Person of the Year the night before the telecast and she also won the award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album for Sale El Sol .'}]}, {'value': 'Calle 13 · produced by Edgar Abraham and Rafael Arcaute · engineered/mixed by Felipe Álvarez , John Blais , Eduardo Cabra , David Cárdenas , Ivan Gutierrez , Lee Levin , José Martínez , Ramón Martinez , Edgardo Matta , Daniel Ovie , Carlos Velazquez , Charles Wakeman and Dan Warner · mastered by James Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calle_13_(band)', 'summary': 'Calle 13 is a Puerto Rican band formed by stepbrothers René Pérez Joglar ( born February 23 , 1978 in Hato Rey ) who calls himself Residente ( lead singer , songwriter ) and Eduardo José Cabra Martínez ( born September 10 , 1978 in Santurce ) , who calls himself Visitante ( multi-instrumentalist , vocalist , beat producer ) and their half-sister Ileana Cabra Joglar aka PG-13 or recently ILE ( backing vocals ) . Stepbrothers Pérez and Cabra first were discovered by Elias De Leon . They were subsequently given a record deal with White Lion Records after leaving a demo with A & R Director Carlos Karly Rosario . After the controversial song Querido F.B.I . was released , the group gained notoriety in Puerto Rico . In 2005 , Calle 13 released its eponymously titled debut album , which became very popular due to the singles Se Vale Tó-Tó and ¡Atrévete-te-te ! . In 2007 , the group released its second album , Residente o Visitante , which was also very successful and experimented with a wide variety of genres . The album helped the group gain success throughout Latin America and win three Latin Grammys . The group released its third album , Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo , in 2008 , which won Album of the Year at the 2009 Latin Grammy Awards . Calle 13 released Entren Los Que Quieran in November 2010 and its latest album , Multi Viral , on March 1 , 2014 . Calle 13 is noted for its eclectic musical style , often using unconventional instrumentation in its music , which distances the group from the reggaeton genre . The band is also known for its satirical lyrics as well as social commentary about Latin American issues and culture .'}]}, {'value': 'Entren Los Que Quieran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Entren_Los_Que_Quieran', 'summary': "Entren Los Que Quieran ( English : Enter Those Who Want to ) is the fourth studio album by Puerto Rican band Calle 13 , released on November 22 , 2010 . Recorded in the wake of controversial events surrounding the group , the album contains more political lyrical themes not discussed on previous Calle 13 releases . It also expands upon the musical experimentation demonstrated in the group 's albums Residente o Visitante ( 2007 ) and Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo ( 2008 ) . The record 's compositions feature various musical styles , including rock , ska , merengue , reggaeton , and Bollywood music . The album received generally positive reviews from critics , who praised the record 's diverse musical experimentation . Entren Los Que Quieran impacted several charts internationally , peaking at number six on the Billboard Latin Albums chart and number 25 on the Billboard Rap Albums chart . The record spawned seven singles , including Latinoamérica , which reached the top ten of both the Billboard Latin Digital Songs and Latin Rhythm Digital Songs charts . The record won a total of nine Latin Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year . It was also nominated for a Grammy in the Best Latin , Pop , Rock or Urban Album category at the 2012 Grammys ."}]}, {'value': 'Alex , Jorge y Lena - Alex , Jorge y Lena ( Aureo Baqueiro , producer ; Nick Baxter , Gustavo Borner , engineers/mixers ; Tom Baker , mastering engineer ) Franco De Vita - En Primera Fila ( David Cabrera , Franco De Vita , producers ; Juan Pablo Falluca , Sebastian Krys , engineers/mixers ; Mike Couzzi , mastering engineer ) Enrique Iglesias - Euphoria ( Fernando Garibay , Nesty , Carlos Paucar , RedOne , Mark Taylor , Victor El Nasi , producers ; Kiko Hurtado , Nesty , Rob Orton , Paucar , RedOne , Phil Tann , engineers/mixers ; Brian Gardner , mastering engineer ) Shakira - Sale el Sol ( Josh Abraham , Lukas Burton , Calle 13 , Gustavo Cerati , El Cata , John Hill , Lester Méndez , Albert Menéndez , Luis Fernando Ochoa , Oligee , Shakira , producers ; Eduardo Bergallo , Michael Brauer , Gustavo Celis , Dave Clauss , Alex Leader , Lester Méndez , Mark Needham , Joel Numa , Andros Rodriguez , Jonathan Shakhovskoy , Ed Williams , engineers/mixers ; Stephen Marcussen , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex,_Jorge_y_Lena', 'summary': 'Alex , Jorge y Lena is a Latin supergroup , formed in 2010 , that consists of singer-songwriters and multi-instrumentalists Lena Burke , Álex Ubago and Jorge Villamizar . Their sound is influenced by all three members , who played instruments and wrote all the tracks on their debut album , Alex , Jorge y Lena , which was released in September 2010 . The songs on the album are mostly about love and relationships . The first single , Estar Contigo , charted in the United States . Villamizar is better known as the lead member of the band Bacilos and as a songwriter for various artists . Ubago and Burke had solo careers before joining the project , which is intended to be short-lived to allow the members to continue with their individual careers . Alex , Jorge y Lena has received nominations for the Lo Nuestro and a Latin Grammy Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alex,_Jorge_y_Lena_(album)', 'summary': 'Alex , Jorge y Lena is the self-titled debut studio album by the supergroup , formed by the singer-songwriters and multi-instrumentalists Lena Burke , Álex Ubago and Jorge Villamizar billed as Alex , Jorge y Lena . It as released under the label Warner Music Latina on September 21 , 2010 . The songs on the album are mostly about love and relationships and musically the album is a Latin pop . The first single , Estar Contigo was released on June 29 , 2010 , charted in the United States . The second single , La Canción del Pescado had a good reception in the Latin Pop airplay chart on United States . And Las Cosas Que Me Encantan and Si Ya No Tengo Tu Corazón were released as the third and fourth singles from the album , respectively .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Franco_De_Vita', 'summary': 'Franco De Vita ( born January 23 , 1954 in Caracas , Venezuela ) is a Venezuelan Latin Grammy award-winning singer-songwriter . His first album as a solo artist garnered three Spanish-language hits in Venezuela . He signed with the CBS Records label in 1989 , and in 1990 , his album Extranjero had a song that reached No . 1 on the United States Latin charts and won an MTV Video Music Award . His 2004 album Stop reached the Top 10 throughout Latin America and on the United States Latin charts . In the United States alone , he has scored more than two dozen hits on the Billboard charts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/En_Primera_Fila', 'summary': "En Primera Fila ( Front Row ) is the third live album by Venezuelan recording artist Franco De Vita . It was released by Sony Music on May 31 , 2011 , after a three-year gap since the release of De Vita 's last studio album . De Vita worked as producer with David Cabrera . The album is part of the live albums series entitled Primera Fila , promoted by the record label and including De Vita 's greatest hits on re-worked versions and new songs . The album features collaborations by several performers , including Leonel García , Alejandra Guzmán , Debi Nova , Gilberto Santa Rosa , and Noel Schajris , among others . En Primera Fila entered the top five in Mexico and the United States . The first single , Tan Sólo Tú , performed by De Vita and Guzmán , reached Top 20 at the Billboard Top Latin Songs . Francamente , a DVD documentary about the recording sessions , is included on the standard edition of the album . De Vita was awarded the Best Male Pop Vocal Album at the 12th Latin Grammy Awards for En Primera Fila ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Krys', 'summary': 'Sebastian Krys ( born November 11 , 1970 ) is an Argentine-born American audio engineer and record producer . A five-time Grammy and 12-time Latin Grammy winner , Krys has worked with many Spanish language pop and rock artists such as Sergio Dalma , Eros Ramazzotti , Sandy & Junior , Gloria Estefan , Carlos Vives , Shakira , Alejandro Sanz , Luis Fonsi , Vega , Kinky , Los Rabanes , Obie Bermúdez , Ricky Martin , Marc Anthony , Lori Meyers , Fangoria , La Santa Cecilia and Will Smith .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias', 'summary': "Enrique Miguel Iglesias Preysler ( Spanish pronunciation : [ enˈrike miˈɣel iˈɣlesjas ˈpɾeizleɾ ] ; born 8 May 1975 ) is a Spanish-Filipino singer , songwriter , composer , actor , record producer and model who is widely regarded as the King of Latin Pop . Iglesias began his career during the mid-1990s on American Spanish-language record label Fonovisa Records under the stage name Enrique Martinez , before switching to his notable surname Iglesias . By the turn of the millennium , after becoming one of the biggest stars in Latin America and the Hispanic market in the United States , he made a successful crossover into the US mainstream market . He signed a multi-album deal with Universal Music Group for US $ 68 million with Universal Music Latino to release his Spanish albums and Interscope Records to release English albums . In 2010 , he parted with Interscope Records and signed with another Universal Music Group label , Republic Records , to release bilingual albums . In 2015 , Iglesias parted ways with Universal Music Group after being there for over a decade . He signed with Sony Music and his subsequent albums were to be released by Sony Music Latin in Spanish and RCA Records in English . He has sold over 70 million records ( albums and singles combined ) worldwide , making him one of the best-selling latin music artists . Iglesias has scored over 150 number-one songs across all of the Billboard charts . He has had five Billboard Hot 100 top five singles , including two number-ones , and holds the record for producing 27 number-one Spanish-language singles on the Billboard 's Hot Latin Tracks . He also holds the record for most number-one hits and the longest-running number-one hit on that chart . Iglesias also has 14 number-ones on Billboard 's Dance charts , more than any other male artist ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Euphoria_(Enrique_Iglesias_album)', 'summary': "Euphoria is the ninth studio album by Spanish singer-songwriter Enrique Iglesias . The album is a joint-release by Universal Republic and Universal Music Latino and was released on 5 July 2010 internationally and in the US on 6 July 2010 . The album features guest appearances by Akon , Usher , Juan Luis Guerra , Pitbull , Nicole Scherzinger , Puerto Rican reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel and Ludacris . The album consists of songs in English , and Spanish . The album spawned seven singles , three in Spanish and four in English . The album 's first single Cuando me enamoro reached number-one on the Hot Latin Songs Chart , while the album 's second single I Like It , reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100 and has sold over 6 million copies worldwide . Upon its release , the album debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 , with sales of 27,000 copies . The album has produced three top Billboard Hot Dance Club Play tracks in the form of I Like It , Tonight ( I 'm Lovin ' You ) and Dirty Dancer . The album was nominated for Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year and has won Billboard Music Award for Top Latin Album . The album and its singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK alone . It was certified 2× Platinum ( Latin ) in United States on 23 September 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fernando_Garibay', 'summary': "Fernando Garibay , or simply Garibay ( Spanish pronunciation : [ feɾˈnando ɣaɾiˈβaj ] ) , is an American record producer , songwriter , DJ and entrepreneur . He has produced and written with artists including Lady Gaga , U2 , Sia , Whitney Houston , Britney Spears , Shakira , Kylie Minogue , Enrique Iglesias , The Pussycat Dolls , Snoop Dogg , Paris Hilton , Ellie Goulding , Tiffany Young , Wiz Khalifa , Poppy , and The Black Eyed Peas . He was the official musical director of Gaga 's Born This Way Ball and the producer of her Born This Way album . Americano is his favorite track on the album . He has been nominated for numerous Grammy Awards and has helped write and produce a number of international hit records , including five US number ones and several top 10 dance records on Billboard . Furthermore , Fernando was recognized as the producer on the Grammy Award-winning recording The Fame Monster by Lady Gaga , when it won the Best Pop Vocal Album award at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2010 . [ citation needed ] Fernando Garibay , formally an executive , producer and artist at Interscope Records ; spent over a decade as part of the in house creative team at Interscope , under the mentorship and direction of Jimmy Iovine . He is the founder and CEO of The Garibay Center and Paradise/Interscope . Fernando is a lecturer at Harvard University ( Harvard Business School ) and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) in Cambridge , Massachusetts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nesty_"La_Mente_Maestra"', 'summary': 'Nesty La Mente Maestra ( born Ernesto F. Padilla on September 5 , 1973 ) is a Puerto Rican reggaeton music producer . He was closely associated with reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel and reggaeton producer Victor El Nasi .'}, {'url': '/wiki/RedOne', 'summary': 'Nadir Khayat ( Arabic : نادر الخياط ; born 9 April 1972 ) , better known by his stage name RedOne , is a Moroccan-born Swedish singer , songwriter , record producer and record executive . As a record producer and songwriter , he has worked with many high-profile recording artists , most notably Lady Gaga , Akon , Michael Jackson , RBD , Now United , U2 , Nicki Minaj , Jennifer Lopez , Nicole Scherzinger , Gru , Cross Gene , Pitbull , Enrique Iglesias , Shakira , Wyclef Jean , Mariah Carey , Paulina Rubio , Mylène Farmer , Mohombi , Inna , Alexandra Burke , Austin Mahone , One Direction , Marc Anthony , The Band Perry , Prince Royce , Rod Stewart and Usher , among many others . His production discography boasts many Billboard and international hits , which he produced and co-wrote . RedOne has established his own record label named RedOne Records . RedOne has been nominated for ten Grammy Awards , winning three . He was also awarded The Grammis Award for Producer of the Year , which is the Swedish equivalent to Grammy Awards . In 2009 , he was the number one producer on the Billboard Hot 100 , ranking number three as songwriter and BMI Songwriter of the Year . Commonly , he produces pop , rock , R & B , house and dance genres .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mark_Taylor_(producer)', 'summary': "Mark Taylor ( born in Windsor , England ) is a British record producer and songwriter . He has worked with artists such as Oasis , Tina Turner , Lady Gaga , Nelly Furtado , Lionel Richie , Hall & Oates , Cher , Rod Stewart , Belinda Carlisle , Daniel Bedingfield , Ronan Keating , Enrique Iglesias , Britney Spears , James Morrison , Kylie Minogue , Jennifer Lopez . Taylor worked on Cher 's 1998 album Believe , which won a Grammy for its title track . The album went on to sell over 20 million copies worldwide . The song Believe featured an early example of the vocal effect Auto tune . He now lives in South London with his three daughters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shakira', 'summary': "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( /ʃəˈkɪərə/ ; Spanish : [ ʃaˈkiɾa ] ; born February 2 , 1977 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter , dancer , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Barranquilla , she made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13 . Following the commercial failure of her first two Colombian albums , Magia ( 1991 ) and Peligro ( 1993 ) , she rose to prominence in Spanish-speaking countries with her next albums , Pies Descalzos ( 1995 ) and Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album , Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . It sold over 13 million copies and spawned the international number-one singles Whenever , Wherever and Underneath Your Clothes . Her success was further solidified with the Spanish albums Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 ( 2005 ) , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) , and El Dorado ( 2017 ) , all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and were certified diamante by the Recording Industry Association of America . Meanwhile , her English albums Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 ( 2005 ) , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Shakira ( 2014 ) were all certified gold , platinum , or multi-platinum in various countries worldwide . Some of her songs have charted at number one in multiple countries , including La Tortura , Hips Do n't Lie , Beautiful Liar , Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) , Loca , and Chantaje . Shakira served as a coach on two seasons of the American singing competition television series The Voice from 2013 to 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sale_el_Sol', 'summary': "Sale el Sol ( English : The Sun Comes Out ) is the ninth studio album by Colombian singer and songwriter Shakira , released on 19 October 2010 , by Epic Records . The album marks a musical return to Shakira 's roots after the electropop record She Wolf ( 2009 ) . The singer split the album into three directions : a romantic side , a rock and roll side , and a Latino , tropical side . The latter two directions experiment with rock and merengue music , respectively . As co-producer , Shakira enlisted collaborators including Josh Abraham , El Cata , Gustavo Cerati , John Hill , Lester Mendez , and Residente from Calle 13 ( band ) . Five singles were released from Sale el Sol . The lead single Loca topped the charts of Italy , Spain , and Switzerland . The title track , Sale el Sol , was released as the second single . The third single Rabiosa reached top ten positions in Austria , Belgium , Italy and Spain . Antes de las Seis was released as the fourth single . Addicted to You was released as the fifth single . In the United States , Loca topped the Billboard Hot Latin Songs , Latin Pop Airplay , and Tropical Songs charts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Cerati', 'summary': "Gustavo Adrián Cerati ( 11 August 1959 - 4 September 2014 ) was an Argentine singer-songwriter , composer and producer , considered one of the most important and influential figures of Ibero-American rock . Cerati along with his band Soda Stereo , were one of the most popular and influential Spanish-language rock and pop groups of the 1980s and '90s . Cerati was the recipient of many awards throughout his career including various Grammys , MTV awards , as well as the MTV ( Latin America ) Legend Award with Soda Stereo , the first of its kind . Cerati died in Buenos Aires on 4 September 2014 at the age of 55 , after suffering a stroke four years earlier after finishing a show in Caracas , Venezuela which resulted in a coma . He and his band had intended to go to a show-after-party at the rock club Moulin Rouge , located on Francisco Solano López Avenue in the Sabana Grande area of Caracas but his symptoms started developing backstage , right after his last performance concluded ."}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Cata', 'summary': 'Edward E. Bello Pou , better known by his stage name El Cata , is a Dominican singer and songwriter , who emerged in the music scene in 1999 , born and raised in Barahona , Dominican Republic .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Hill_(producer)', 'summary': 'John Graham Hill is an American record producer , songwriter , remixer and musician . He was nominated for Producer of the Year for the 57th and 62nd Annual Grammy Awards . John Hill currently works out of Santa Monica , California . In 2017 , John Hill co-wrote and produced Feel It Still by Portugal . The Man , which as of Nov 1 , 2017 was # 1 on the Billboard all genre Radio Songs chart , the Pop Songs chart , as well as the Dance/Mix Show Airplay and Adult Pop Songs charts after having spent 17 weeks on top of the Alternative Songs chart and 11 weeks at # 1 on the Adult Alternative songs chart making it one of only a dozen songs ever to top six different charts'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lester_Mendez', 'summary': 'Lester Mendez is a multi-platinum , Grammy award-winning record producer , songwriter and composer . His production/writing credits include a multitude of successful hits with Shakira , Jewel , Nelly Furtado , Jessica Simpson , Enrique Iglesias , and others .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2012', 'summary': "The 13th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on Thursday , November 15 , 2012 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas , Nevada . It was the fifth time the awards was held at this venue and in Las Vegas . It also marks the last year in the Latin Recording Academy 's contract where the Mandalay Bay Events Center hosted . It is unknown if the awards will continue to be held at this location beyond 2012 . Recordings must have been released between July 1 , 2011 and June 30 , 2012 in order to be eligible for the 13th Latin Grammy Awards . Nominations were announced on September 25 , 2012 . Juan Luis Guerra led the nominations field with six ; Jesse & Joy earned five nods ; Ricardo Arjona , Edgar Barrera , Juanes , Carla Morrison , Arturo Sandoval , Ivete Sangalo , and Caetano Veloso each received four nominations . The telecast was aired on Univision at 8pm/7c . Caetano Veloso was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 14 , 2012 . Jesse & Joy won four awards including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for ¡Corre ! , Juanes took the Album of the Year for MTV Unplugged and 3BallMTY was named Best New Artist ."}]}, {'value': 'Juanes · produced by Juan Luis Guerra · engineered/mixed by Gustavo Borner · mastered by Gustavo Borner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juanes', 'summary': "Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez ( born August 9 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Juanes , is a Colombian musician who was a member of the rock band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist . In 2000 , his solo debut album Fíjate Bien won three Latin Grammy Awards . According to his record label , Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide . Raised in Colombia , Juanes began playing piano at age two . When Juanes was 17 , he started his first band , Ekhymosis , in 1988 , which went on to release Eight albums , achieving recognition in his native country of Colombia . The track Dos from the album Niño Gigante in 1992 was very popular . In 1997 after the band broke up , Juanes continued solo and in 2000 he released the album , Fíjate Bien , which earned him three Latin Grammys . His follow-up album , Un Día Normal , was released in 2000 and was later certified platinum in Guatemala and Uruguay throughout Latin America . Juanes ' third album , Mi Sangre ( 2004 ) , which became an international bestseller , managing to position well in a number of countries around the world , achieved success due to the single La Camisa Negra . He has since released La Vida . Es Un Ratico ( 2007 ) and P.A.R.C.E . ( 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Juanes MTV Unplugged', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juanes_MTV_Unplugged', 'summary': "Juanes : MTV Unplugged is the third live album of Colombian singer Juanes . It was recorded before a live audience at the New World Symphony Center in Miami Beach , Florida , on February 1 , 2012 and was released by Universal Music Latino on May 29 , 2012 . The album includes featured performances by the Spanish composer Joaquín Sabina and the Brazilian singer Paula Fernandes . The album features rearranged takes on Juanes ' hit songs like Me Enamora , La Camisa Negra and A Dios le Pido . The first single of the live album was released on March 5 , 2012 called La Señal , which became a hit in Latin America . The second single was Me Enamora , with new instrumental arrangements , and was released two days after of the album 's release . The album featured three new songs , one of which was a collaboration with Joaquín Sabina . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums Chart and won the 2012 Latin Grammy for Album of the Year . This was the third time he won Album of the Year at the Latin Grammys ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricardo Arjona - Independiente ( Ricardo Arjona , Carlos Cabral Junior , Lee Levin & Dan Warner , producers ; Carlos Cabral Junior , Julio Chávez , Isaías García , Brian Lang , Lee Levin , Matt Rollings , Jerald Romero , Dan Rudin , David Thoener , Tommy Torres , Peter Wallace , Dan Warner & Ben Wisch , engineers/mixers ; Tom Coyne , mastering engineer ) Bebe - Un Pokito de Rocanrol ( Renaud Letang , producer ; Renaud Letang & Thomas Moulin , engineers/mixers ; Mandy Parnell , mastering engineer ) Chico Buarque - Chico ( Vinicius França & Luiz Claudio Ramos , producers ; Fernando Prado , engineer/mixer ; Luiz Tornaghi , mastering engineer ) ChocQuibTown - Eso Es Lo Que Hay ( Andrés Castro & ChocQuibTown , producers ; Edgar Barrera , Carlos El Loco Bedolla , Scott Canto , Andrés Castro , Francisco Kiko Castro , Javier Garza , Tony Mardini , Guillermo Martínez , Ramón Martínez , Andrés Saavedra & Carlos Velásquez , engineers/mixers ; Tony Coyne , mastering engineer ) Jesse & Joy - ¿Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? ( Martin Terefe , producer ; Ainsley Adams , Dyre Gormsen & Thomas Juth , engineers/mixers ; Geoff Pesche , mastering engineer ) Carla Morrison - Déjenme Llorar ( Andres Landon , Carla Morrison & Juan Manuel Torreblanca , producers ; Alejandro Jiménez & Arturo Turo Medina , engineers/mixers ; Tom Coyne , mastering engineer ) Reik - Peligro ( Kiko Cibrian , Ettore Grenci , Cachorro López & Sebastian Schon , producers ; Mike Harris , Arturo León , Demian Nava , Sebastian Schon , Fabrizio Simoncioni & Cesar Sogbe , engineers/mixers ; Chris Gehringer , mastering engineer ) Arturo Sandoval - Dear Diz ( Every Day I Think of You ) ( Gregg Field & Arturo Sandoval , producers ; Gregg Field & Don Murray , engineers/mixers ; Paul Blakemore , mastering engineer ) Caetano Veloso , Gilberto Gil and Ivete Sangalo - Especial Ivete , Gil E Caetano ( Rafael Dragaud & Roberto Talma , producers ; Vitor Farias , engineer/mixer ; Carlos Freitas , mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricardo_Arjona', 'summary': 'Edgar R. Arjona Morales ( born 19 January 1964 ) , known as Ricardo Arjona ( Spanish pronunciation : [ riˈkaɾðo aɾˈxona ] ) , is a Guatemalan singer-songwriter . Arjona is one of the most successful Latin American artists of all time , with more than 80 million albums sold . He is often called El Animal Nocturno ( The Nocturnal Animal ) , thanks to his breakthrough success with his fourth studio album which bears the same name . His music ranges from ballads to Latin pop , rock , pop rock , Cuban music , and more recently a cappella performances and a mixture of Tejano music and Norteño music , and other Afro-American and Latin sounds . Arjona is noted for his lyrical style , and often addresses topics such as love , sexuality , violence , racism and immigration . As of 2016 , Arjona had released sixteen studio albums , one live album , nine compilation albums and forty-three singles . Four Arjona albums reached number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums , and ten reached number one in Argentina . Four albums had charted on the Billboard 200 . Four singles had reached number one on the Billboard Latin Songs chart and seven had done the same on Latin Pop Songs . His work earned him numerous awards and accolades , including one Grammy Award , one Latin Grammy Award , the Latin Heritage Award as well as awards from the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ; a silver and golden torch and two silver seagulls from the 2010 Viña del Mar International Song Festival , two Billboard Latin Music Awards , and a Latin Trajectory of the Year Award at the Orgullosamente Latino Awards of 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Independiente_(Ricardo_Arjona_album)', 'summary': "Independiente is the thirteenth Spanish-language studio album by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona , released on 23 September 2011 . Recorded in the United States and Mexico , it was produced by Arjona with Dan Warner , Lee Levin and Puerto Rican singer-songwriter Tommy Torres . The album - the first independent release by Arjona after he was signed by Sony Music in 1993 and Warner Music in 2008 - was issued by his own label , Metamorfosis . Composed and written in a year , the record marks Arjona and Torres ' fourth collaboration . For Independiente , Arjona returns to his trademark sound after his stylistic departure for Poquita Ropa ( 2010 ) . While producing the latter , he had used fewer instruments to simplify his sound , having introduced what had been called a stripped-down acoustic effort in his music . Independiente has been compared to his earlier recordings , Historias ( 1994 ) and Animal Nocturno ( 1993 ) . Independiente became Arjona 's fourth number-one album on the Billboard Top Latin Albums where it debuted for the week ending 22 October 2011 . For thirteen non-consecutive weeks it topped the Latin Pop Albums chart , and reached number one on the Mexican Albums Chart . It is his fifth consecutive album to chart on the Billboard 200 ( reaching number sixty-five ) , and his fourth album to chart in Spain ( peaking at number sixty-eight ) . Within one week after its release Independiente was certified gold in Chile , the United States and Mexico and certified platinum in Venezuela and Argentina . Five singles have been released from the album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bebe_(singer)', 'summary': 'María Nieves Rebolledo Vila , better known by her stage name Bebe ( born 9 May 1978 ) is a Spanish singer , songwriter , and actress who rose to international fame with the singles Malo and Ella .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Un_Pokito_de_Rocanrol', 'summary': 'Un Pokito de Rocanrol is the third studio album released by Spanish singer-songwriter Bebe , released on February 6 , 2012 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chico_Buarque', 'summary': 'Francisco Chico Buarque de Hollanda , popularly known simply as Chico Buarque ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈʃiku buˈaʁki ] ; born June 19 , 1944 ) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter , guitarist , composer , playwright , writer and poet . He is best known for his music , which often includes social , economic and cultural commentary on Brazil . The firstborn son of Sérgio Buarque de Hollanda , Buarque lived at several locations throughout his childhood , though mostly in Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo and Rome . He wrote and studied literature as a child and found music through the bossa nova compositions of Tom Jobim and João Gilberto . He performed as a singer and guitarist the 1960s as well as writing a play that was deemed dangerous by the Brazilian military dictatorship of the time . Buarque , along with several Tropicalist and MPB musicians , was threatened by the Brazilian military government and eventually left Brazil for Italy in 1969 . However , he came back to Brazil in 1970 , and continued to record , perform , and write , though much of his material was suppressed by government censors . He released several more albums in the 1980s and published three novels in the 1990s and 2000s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/ChocQuibTown', 'summary': "ChocQuibTown ( sometimes written as Choc Quib Town ) is a Colombian hip-hop group . Although the band formed in Cali , the members are originally from the Colombian department of Chocó . The group consists of Carlos Tostao Valencia ( rapping ) , his wife Gloria Goyo Martínez ( singing and rapping ) , and Gloria 's brother Miguel Slow Martínez ( production and rapping ) . The band 's music draws influence from a wide variety of modern genres including hip-hop and more recently electronica , combined with traditional Colombian genres including salsa , Latin jazz , and Afro-Latin rhythms . After growing up in Chocó and forming in Cali , the ChocQuibTown relocated to Bogotá and gained popularity performing in the city 's bars . The group 's first two albums , Somos Pacífico ( 2006 ) and Oro ( 2010 ) were bolstered by the singles Somos Pacífico and De Donde Vengo Yo , with the latter song winning a Latin Grammy in 2011 . The band 's third album , Eso Es Lo Que Hay ( 2011 ) experienced further success , featuring the single Hasta el Techo , followed by El Mismo ( 2015 ) . The group 's latest album , Sin Miedo , was released in 2018 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Barrera', 'summary': "Edgar Barrera aka Edge is a songwriter , producer , recording engineer , and musician based in Miami FL . He has won a total of 14 Latin Grammys and 1 Grammy Award including Album of The Year . He has written and produced songs for artists such as Ariana Grande ( Boyfriend with Social House ) ; Madonna ( Medellin , Bitch I 'm Loca ) ; Shakira ( Me Gusta feat Anuel AA , Clandestino ) ; Maluma ( 11PM , HP , El Prestamo , Mala Mia , Sin Contrato , Marinero , among others ) , Jennifer Lopez ( El Anillo ) , Marc Anthony ( Parecen Viernes ) ; Becky G ( La Respuesta feat Maluma ) , Luis Fonsi ( Sigamos Bailando feat Yandel & Gianluca ) CNCO & Yandel ( Hey DJ ) , Prince Royce ( El Clavo ) , Sebastián Yatra ( Ya No Tiene Novio feat Mau y Ricky ) , Christian Nodal ( No Te Contaron Mal , Nada Nuevo ) , Bomba Estéreo ( Internacionales ) , Wisin y Yandel ( La Luz feat Maluma ) , Abraham Mateo ( Loco Enamorado , Hablame Bajito with 50 Cent and Austin Mahone ) , Joey Montana & Sebastián Yatra ( Suena El Dembow ) , Silvestre Dangond ( Ya No Me Duele Mas feat Farruko ) , Banda el Recodo ( Vale La Pena , Todo Tuyo ) , Banda MS ( El Bien Amado ) , Gloria Trevi & Alejandra Guzmán ( Mas Buena ) , among others . At the 13th , 14th and 16th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , Barrera made headlines for being one of the nominees with the most nominations to this prestigious award three times ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jesse_&_Joy', 'summary': 'Jesse & Joy ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈɟʝesi i ˈʝoi ] ) is a Mexican pop duo formed in 2005 by brother and sister Jesse ( born December 31 , 1982 , as Jesse Eduardo Huerta Uecke ) and Joy ( born June 20 , 1986 , as Tirzah Joy Huerta Uecke ) , in Mexico City . The duo have released four studio albums , one live album and one EP on Warner Music Latin , have toured internationally , and have accumulated a Best Latin Album Grammy Award and six Latin Grammy Awards in various categories . Jesse & Joy are probably some of the purest , most talented artists of our generation , wrote Latin Times .'}, {'url': '/wiki/¿Con_Quién_Se_Queda_El_Perro?', 'summary': '¿Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? ( English : Who does the dog stay with ? ) is the third studio album by Mexican pop rock duo Jesse & Joy , released on December 6 , 2011 through Warner Music Mexico . The album and its songs won four Latin Grammy Awards at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2012 , including Record of the Year and Song of the Year for ¡Corre ! , and Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album . The album was nominated for the Best Latin Pop Album category at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards . Llorar was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2013 . The album was further nominated for Pop Album of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2013 . ¡Corre ! was featured in the novela La que no podía amar . Llorar was also featured in the telenovela Corona de lágrimas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carla_Morrison', 'summary': 'Carla Patricia Morrison Flores ( Tecate , Baja California , 19 July 1986 ) , known professionally as Carla Morrison , is a Mexican indie-pop singer and composer . She has won two Latin Grammys for her album , Déjenme llorar , which has also been certified Gold in Mexico .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Reik', 'summary': 'Reik are a Mexican band from Mexicali , Baja California , formed by Jesús Alberto Navarro Rosas ( lead vocals ) , Julio Ramírez Eguía ( guitar , background vocals ) , and Gilberto Marín Espinoza ( guitar ) . In 2003 , Abelardo Vazquez ended their then-nascent musical project , tentatively called Reik . Abelardo Vazquez invited Jesús Navarro and Julio Ramirez to record their first demos , which were released through the Mexican underground club scene . Two of the most successful demos - Levemente and Ahora Sin Ti - brought more widespread coverage across Mexico . In early 2004 , Reik invited Gilberto to join the band . They have been famous ever since , mainly in Latin America and the United States . Their videos have been broadcast on famous music television channels , such as MTV and HTV . Their second studio album , Secuencia , was released on December 12 , 2006 , which featured the first single , Invierno ( released on September 18 ) , which gained a lot of popularity based Latin American airplay . On September 30 , 2008 Reik released their third studio album Un Día Más , for which they won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Album by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 2009 . Reik confirmed their participation in the Viña del Mar International Song Festival in February 2015 , and won the Silver and Golden Seagull after their presentation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Peligro_(Reik_album)', 'summary': 'Peligro is the fourth studio album from Mexican Latin pop group Reik , released on July 5 , 2011 through Sony Music Latin . According to the band , the album has a more aggressive , experimental and electronic sound than their previous productions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arturo_Sandoval', 'summary': 'Arturo Sandoval is a Cuban-American jazz trumpeter , pianist and composer . Sandoval , while living in his native Cuba , was influenced by jazz musicians Charlie Parker , Clifford Brown , and Dizzy Gillespie , finally meeting Gillespie later in 1977 . Gillespie became a mentor and colleague , playing with Sandoval in concerts in Europe and Cuba and later featuring him in the United Nations Orchestra . Sandoval defected while touring with Gillespie in 1990 , and he became an American naturalized citizen in 1998 . His life was the subject of the film For Love or Country : The Arturo Sandoval Story ( 2000 ) , starring Andy García . Sandoval has won ten Grammy Awards and been nominated nineteen times ; he has also received six Billboard Awards and one Emmy Award . Additionally , Sandoval has performed in a Super Bowl Halftime Show ( 1995 ) , in an Orange Bowl ( 2009 ) at the White House , and at the University of Notre Dame . On November 20 , 2013 , President Barack Obama presented Sandoval with the Presidential Medal of Freedom .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dear_Diz_(Every_Day_I_Think_of_You)', 'summary': "Dear Diz ( Every Day I Think of You ) is an album by Cuban jazz trumpeter Arturo Sandoval that won the Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album in 2013 . The album is Sandoval 's tribute to his friend , Dizzy Gillespie . Musicians on the album include Gary Burton , Eddie Daniels , Joey DeFrancesco , and Bob Mintzer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Caetano_Veloso', 'summary': "Caetano Emanuel Viana Telles Veloso ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kaeˈtɐ̃nu emanuˈɛw viˈɐ̃nɐ ˈtɛlis veˈlozu ] ; born August 7 , 1942 ) is a Brazilian composer , singer , guitarist , writer , and political activist . Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo , which encompassed theatre , poetry and music in the 1960s , at the beginning of the Brazilian military dictatorship . He has remained a constant creative influence and best-selling performing artist and composer ever since . Veloso has won nine Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards . On November 14 , 2012 , Veloso was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year . Veloso was one of seven children born into the family of José Telles Velloso ( Seu Zeca ) , [ clarification needed ] a government official , and Claudionor Viana Telles Veloso ( Dona Canô ) , [ clarification needed ] a housewife . He was born in the city of Santo Amaro da Purificação , in Bahia , a state in the eastern area of Brazil , but moved to Salvador , the state capital , as a college student in the mid-1960s . Soon after that , Veloso won a music contest and was signed to his first label . He became one of the founders of Tropicalismo with a group of several other musicians and artists - including his sister Maria Bethânia - in the same period . However the Brazilian government at the time viewed Veloso 's music and political action as threatening , and he was arrested , along with fellow musician Gilberto Gil , in 1969 . The two eventually were exiled from Brazil and went to London where they lived for two years . In 1972 , Veloso moved back to his home country and once again began recording and performing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gilberto_Gil', 'summary': "Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira ( born 26 June 1942 ) , known professionally as Gilberto Gil ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʒiwˈbɛʁtu ˈʒiw ] ) , is a Brazilian singer , guitarist , and songwriter , known for both his musical innovation and political activism . From 2003 to 2008 , he served as Brazil 's Minister of Culture in the administration of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva . Gil 's musical style incorporates an eclectic range of influences , including rock , Brazilian genres including samba , African music , and reggae . Gil started to play music as a child and was a teenager when he joined his first band . He began his career as a bossa nova musician and grew to write songs that reflected a focus on political awareness and social activism . He was a key figure in the Música popular brasileira and tropicália movements of the 1960s , alongside artists such as longtime collaborator Caetano Veloso . The Brazilian military regime that took power in 1964 saw both Gil and Veloso as a threat , and the two were held for nine months in 1969 before they were told to leave the country . Gil moved to London , but returned to Bahia in 1972 and continued his musical career , as well as working as a politician and environmental advocate ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ivete_Sangalo', 'summary': 'Ivete Maria Dias de Sangalo Cady ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ iˈvɛtʃi sɐ̃ˈɡaɫu ] , born May 27 , 1972 ) is a Brazilian singer , songwriter , and occasional actress and television show host . She is one of the most popular and best-selling Brazilian female singers , with six albums released with Banda Eva , and seven more albums in a solo career . Sangalo is noted for her powerful voice , charisma and live performances . Her music is also very popular in Portugal . She has sold 15 million copies of her albums . As a child , Sangalo started to sing and play guitar at events , festivals and presentations of the school where she studied . Her debut show happened in Ondina , Salvador in August 1992 . With that show she won the Dorival Caymmi trophy , considered the Grammy of Bahia music .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2013', 'summary': 'The 14th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on Thursday , November 21 , 2013 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas . This was the sixth time that Latin Grammys has been held at this location . The main telecast was broadcast on Univision at 8:00 PM EST . The nominations were announced on September 25 , 2013 . Javier Garza , Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas and Carlos Vives led the nominations with five nods each . Miguel Bosé was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 20 , the day prior to the Latin Grammy Awards . Carlos Vives was the biggest winner with three awards , including Song of the Year for Volví a Nacer ; Marc Anthony won Record of the Year for Vivir Mi Vida ; Draco Rosa won the award for Album of the Year for Vida ; and Gaby Moreno was awarded Best New Artist . This marks the first time since the inaugural awards that the three categories were given to three different artists . Producer Sergio George won three awards , including Producer of the Year .'}]}, {'value': 'Draco Rosa · produced by George Noriega & Draco Rosa · engineered/mixed by Seth Atkins Horan , Dave Clauss , Nelson Gazu Jaime , Allan Leschhorn , Fernando Quintana , Fabián Serrano , Sadaharu Yagi & Benny Faccone · mastered by Bob Ludwig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Draco_Rosa', 'summary': "Draco Cornelius Rosa Suárez ( Spanish : [ ˈdɾako koɾˈneljus ˈrosa ˈswaɾes ] ; born Robert Edward Rosa Suárez , June 27 , 1970 ) , also known as Draco Rosa , Robi Draco Rosa or simply Draco , is a multiple-time Grammy and Latin Grammy winning American-born Puerto Rican musician , singer , songwriter , composer , multi-instrumentalist , dancer , record producer and entrepreneur . Rosa originally garnered fame as a member of boy band Menudo in the 1980s , singing lead on the band 's biggest stateside hit , Hold Me and featuring prominently in the accompanying music video . After leaving the band he moved to Brazil where he released two albums , achieving mainstream success . Following a brief subsequent stint in California , he returned to New York and joined the band Maggie 's Dream , which split after only one album , allowing him to resume his solo career . The singer and composer has released numerous albums , and has composed multiple songs for Ednita Nazario , Julio Iglesias and former Menudo band-mate , Ricky Martin . He has also been featured on VH1 's Behind the Music . Rosa has been highly influenced by the works of Bob Dylan , Miles Davis , Iggy Pop , Jimi Hendrix , Johnny Cash , Luis Alberto Spinetta , The Doors , Camarón de la Isla , Horacio Quiroga , Caetano Veloso , Glenn Danzig , Edgar Allan Poe and Jim Morrison . In 1988 , at age 18 , he made his motion picture debut in the film Salsa , which was a big hit in Puerto Rico . During the filming of the movie , he met actress Angela Alvarado who would later become his wife . In 1996 , he released the Latino alternative rock album Vagabundo produced by Phil Manzanera before helping launch Ricky Martin 's musical career into a new global setting with Vuelve . Rosa wrote and produced various of Martin 's hit singles including María , Livin ' la Vida Loca , She 's All I Ever Had , The Cup of Life , She Bangs and Shake Your Bon-Bon , among others . Rosa toured with Lenny Kravitz during the summer of 2004 to promote his concept album Mad Love ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bob_Ludwig', 'summary': 'Robert C. Ludwig ( born c. 1945 ) is an American mastering engineer . He has mastered recordings on all the major recording formats for all the major record labels , and on projects by more than 1,300 artists including Led Zeppelin , Queen , Jimi Hendrix , Frank Ocean , Bryan Ferry , Paul McCartney , Nirvana , Bruce Springsteen and Daft Punk resulting in over 3,000 credits . He is the recipient of numerous Grammy and TEC Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Vida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vida_(Draco_Rosa_album)', 'summary': "Vida ( Life ) is the twelfth studio album by Puerto Rican recording artist Draco Rosa , released on March 19 , 2013 by Sony Music Latin . It consists of 16 duets of Rosa 's hits featuring guest artists chosen personally by Rosa himself . This is the first album released by Draco after his non-hodgkin lymphoma cancer diagnosis near his liver on April 25 , 2011 . It is entitled Vida symbolizing Draco 's recovery after his cancer treatment . The album won Album of the Year at the 2013 Latin Grammy Awards and won for Best Latin Pop Album at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': "Pablo Alborán - Tanto ( Manuel Illán , album producer ; Bori Alarcón , album recording engineer ; Javier García , album mixer ; Bori Alarcón & Javier García , album mastering engineers ) Bajofondo - Presente ( Juan Campodónico & Gustavo Santaolalla , album producers ; Julio Berta , Juan Campodónico , Joe Chiccarelli , Jorge da Silva & Anibal Kerpel , album recording engineers ; Gustavo Santaolalla , album mixer ; Tom Baker , album mastering engineer ) Miguel Bosé - Papitwo ( Miguel Bosé , Count De Money , José Luis De La Peña , Carlos Jean , Andrés Levin , Fernando Ortí , Roberto Rodríguez , Janina Rosado , Nicolás Sorín & Martin Terefe , producers ; Pepo Sherman , album recording engineer ; Ray Aldaco , Andy Bradfield , Michele Canova Iorfida , Johnny Doran , Carlos Jean , Sam Keyte , Allan Leschhorn , Roberto Rodíguez , Janina Rosado , Andres Saavedra , Ricardo Sanz , Lauren Serrano , Baeho Shinen , Nicolás Sorín , Aleks Syntek , Nikolaj Torp & Alex Wong , album mixers ; Antonio Baglio , album mastering engineer ) Andrés Cepeda - Lo Mejor Que Hay En Mi Vida ( José Gaviria , Bernardo Ossa , Fernado Toby Tobón & Carlos Villavicencio , album producers ; Mauricio Cano , José Gaviria , Lee Levin , Gian Marco , Bernardo Ossa , Mauricio Pantoja , Facundo Rodríguez & Fernando Toby Tobón , album recording engineers ; Francisco 'Kiko ' Castro , Iker Gastamiza & Boris Milán , album mixers ; Mike Couzzi , album mastering engineer ) Natalie Cole - Natalie Cole en Español ( David Foster , Humberto Gatica , Juan Luis Guerra & Rudy Pérez , album producers ; Andrés Bermúdez & Bruce Sweeden , album recording engineers ; Vlado Meller , album mastering engineer ) Guaco - Escultura ( Gustavo Aguado & Juan Carlos Salas , album producers ; Juan Carlos Salas , album mixer ; Erik Aldrey , album mastering engineer ) Gian Marco - Versiones ( Gary Grant & Arturo Sandoval , album producers ; Steve Genewick , José Hernández & David Santos , album recording engineers ; Dustin Higgins , album mixer ; Doug Sax , album mastering engineer ) Alejandro Sanz - La Música No Se Toca ( Julio Reyes Copello & Alejandro Sanz , producers ; Alonso Arreola , Edgar Barrera , Sebastian De Peyrecave , Javier Garza , Kamilo Kratc , Lee Levin , Javier Limón , Julio Reyes Copello , Alejandro Sanz , Rafa Sardina , Samuel Torres , Juan Pablo Vega & Dan Warner , album recording engineers ; Sebastian Krys , album mixer ; Antonio Baglio , album mastering engineer ) Carlos Vives - Corazón Profundo ( Andrés Castro & Carlos Vives , album producers ; Edgar Barrera , Dudu Borges , Scott Canto , Andrés Castro , Francisco Castro , Loris Ceroni , Javier Garza , Andrés Landinez , Shafik Palis , Curt Schneider & Camilo Silva , album recording engineers ; Curt Schneider , album mixer ; Tom Coyne , album mastering engineer )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pablo_Alborán', 'summary': 'Pablo Moreno de Alborán Ferrándiz [ a ] ( born 31 May 1989 in Málaga ) popularly known as Pablo Alborán , is a Spanish musician , singer , and songwriter . In 2011 , he was nominated for three Latin Grammy Awards . Alborán has released three studio albums , two live albums , and various musical collaborations . His records are distributed by Warner Music which debuted in 2010 with their first official release , Solamente Tú , the first single from his debut album Pablo Alboran ( 2011 ) , released in February 2011 . The album ranked No . 1 in its first week of sales , making Alborán the first solo artist to sign a complete debut album to rank to the top since 1998 in Spain . A few months after releasing his first album , it was published in acoustic as the first recorded live concert by the singer . Several weeks after it debuted to the top in Spain , it was launched in Portugal , getting to be No . 1 for several weeks . Of all his singles , two stand out in terms of popularity : Solamente tú and Perdóname which he sang together with singer Carminho , being number one in sales , both in Spain and in Portugal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tanto_(album)', 'summary': "Tanto ( So Much ) is the second studio album by Spanish singer-songwriter Pablo Alborán . It was released in Spain on November 6 , 2012 . The album peaked at number one in Spain and Portugal . Tanto is the follow-up to Alborán 's debut album Pablo Alborán ( 2011 ) . The album was re-released in November 2013 and featured 5 new tracks and a 30-minute documentary DVD ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bajofondo', 'summary': 'Bajofondo is a Río de la Plata-based music band consisting of eight musicians from Argentina and Uruguay , which aims to create a more contemporary version of tango and other musical styles of the Río de la Plata region . It was founded in the early 2000s as a studio experiment , which culminated into the successful album Bajofondo Tango Club . This led to touring and eventually to the current lineup . Bajofondo calls itself a collaborative as all members have solo careers as well . The group has toured around the world , particularly in Latin America , the United States , Europe and parts of Asia . Their music is known to a wider audience than those who know their name as their music has been used in film and television .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Bosé', 'summary': 'Luis Miguel González Bosé ( born April 3 , 1956 ) , usually known as Miguel Bosé , is a Panamanian-born Spanish pop new wave musician and actor . Bosé became an honorary Colombian citizen in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Papitwo', 'summary': 'Papitwo is an album released by Spanish pop singer Miguel Bosé after the success of his first duet album , Papito . The album includes 14 tracks of previously known hit songs by the artist , in reworked versions in collaboration with many artists including Juanes , Alejandro Sanz , Pablo Alborán , Ximena Sariñana and other great Latin artists .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrés_Cepeda', 'summary': 'Andrés Cepeda ( born July 7 , 1973 ) is a popular Colombian singer-songwriter . He was born in Bogotá , the youngest of five children . He displayed an inclination towards music from an early age , studying piano since the age of 5 . He composed his first piece at the age of 12 . He studied at Colegio San Carlos and later at Colegio Emilio Valenzuela . His musical career began as the lead voice of Poligamia , a latin rock-pop group which he founded with some friends during his adolescence . After Poligamia was disbanded , Cepeda continued with his musical career as a soloist , finding success in different musical genres such as bolero and Balada , among other romantic genres . His album El carpintero achieved quadruple-platinum sales in Colombia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Cole', 'summary': "Natalie Maria Cole ( February 6 , 1950 - December 31 , 2015 ) was an American singer , songwriter , and actress . Cole was the daughter of American singer and jazz pianist Nat King Cole . She rose to success in the mid-1970s as an R & B singer with the hits This Will Be , Inseparable ( 1975 ) , and Our Love ( 1977 ) . She returned as a pop singer on the 1987 album Everlasting and her cover of Bruce Springsteen 's Pink Cadillac . In the 1990s , she sang traditional pop by her father , resulting in her biggest success , Unforgettable . with Love , which sold over seven million copies and won her seven Grammy Awards . She sold over 30 million records worldwide . On December 31 , 2015 , Cole died at the age of 65 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles , California , due to congestive heart failure ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalie_Cole_en_Español', 'summary': 'Natalie Cole en Español is the twenty-third and final studio album by Natalie Cole , released on June 25 , 2013 through Verve Records . Produced by the Cuban American composer Rudy Pérez , it is her first and only Spanish album and her first record released following her kidney transplant in 2009 . The album is a follow-up to her third Christmas album Caroling , Caroling : Christmas with Natalie Cole . Natalie Cole en Español consists of twelve tracks , which are cover versions of Spanish standards . The album features duets with Juan Luis Guerra , Chris Botti , Arthur Hanlon , Andrea Bocelli and a posthumous duet with her father Nat King Cole .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Guaco_(band)', 'summary': "Guaco is a tropical music band from Venezuela that was formed in Maracaibo by Mario Viloria , Alfonso Pompo Aguado , and Fernando Domínguez in 1968 . Viloria , the main founder , retired to focus on his college studies ; he was the group 's main composer for several years . His home was also the main place where practices were held in the group 's early years . The name Guaco is attributed a bird named Guaco that would fly over Viloria 's house every morning . The band began as a gaita zuliana group , and during the 70s diverged from the traditional way of playing the genre by integrating it with elements of salsa music ( such as complex horn arrangements ) , and adding in violins and electric guitars which were very unusual instruments to be included in a gaita band . Today , the Guaco rhythm continues to evolve through a complex mixture of gaita , salsa , pop music , jazz , funk and even rock and roll and vallenato rhythms , concocting a recognizable and unique style that is considered to be a hallmark of the tropical music genre . Guaco won Pepsi Venezuela Music Awards for Tropical Video of the Year in 2012 , for Artist of the Year , Album of the Year , Song of the Year , Tropical Video of the Year , and Tropical Artist of the Year in 2013 , for Best Tropical Artist in 2014 , and for Salsa Song of the Year , Salsa Video of the Year , Tropical Fusion Album of the Year , and Album of the Year in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gian_Marco_Zignago', 'summary': 'Gian Marco Javier Zignago Alcóver ( born 17 August 1970 , Lima ) is a Peruvian singer-songwriter . He has won the Latin Grammy Award for the Best Singer-Songwriter Album three times . First in 2005 for his Album Resucitar , in 2011 for his Album Días Nuevos , and in 2012 for his Album 20 Años . Gian Marco was named UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in Peru . His mother is the well-known Peruvian actress and singer María Regina Alcóver Ureta , and his father was the late Peruvian composer and singer Javier Óscar Florencio Zignago Viñas , known in the musical world as Joe Danova ( of Genoese descent ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Versiones', 'summary': 'Versiones is the eleventh studio album by Peruvian singer-songwriter Gian Marco released by 11 y 6 Discos in 2013 . The album includes several covers of classic songs in Spanish , Portuguese , and one in English . It was his first album to include a song recorded in English .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/La_Música_No_Se_Toca', 'summary': 'La Música No Se Toca ( English : The music is not played ) is the tenth studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz . It was produced by himself alongside Colombian Grammy award winner Julio C. Reyes . It was released by Universal Music Latino and Universal Music Spain on September 25 , 2012 . This album is the follow-up to the Grammy Award winning album Paraíso Express ( 2009 ) . It was nominated for Pop Album of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2013 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Barrera', 'summary': "Edgar Barrera aka Edge is a songwriter , producer , recording engineer , and musician based in Miami FL . He has won a total of 14 Latin Grammys and 1 Grammy Award including Album of The Year . He has written and produced songs for artists such as Ariana Grande ( Boyfriend with Social House ) ; Madonna ( Medellin , Bitch I 'm Loca ) ; Shakira ( Me Gusta feat Anuel AA , Clandestino ) ; Maluma ( 11PM , HP , El Prestamo , Mala Mia , Sin Contrato , Marinero , among others ) , Jennifer Lopez ( El Anillo ) , Marc Anthony ( Parecen Viernes ) ; Becky G ( La Respuesta feat Maluma ) , Luis Fonsi ( Sigamos Bailando feat Yandel & Gianluca ) CNCO & Yandel ( Hey DJ ) , Prince Royce ( El Clavo ) , Sebastián Yatra ( Ya No Tiene Novio feat Mau y Ricky ) , Christian Nodal ( No Te Contaron Mal , Nada Nuevo ) , Bomba Estéreo ( Internacionales ) , Wisin y Yandel ( La Luz feat Maluma ) , Abraham Mateo ( Loco Enamorado , Hablame Bajito with 50 Cent and Austin Mahone ) , Joey Montana & Sebastián Yatra ( Suena El Dembow ) , Silvestre Dangond ( Ya No Me Duele Mas feat Farruko ) , Banda el Recodo ( Vale La Pena , Todo Tuyo ) , Banda MS ( El Bien Amado ) , Gloria Trevi & Alejandra Guzmán ( Mas Buena ) , among others . At the 13th , 14th and 16th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , Barrera made headlines for being one of the nominees with the most nominations to this prestigious award three times ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Vives', 'summary': 'Carlos Alberto Vives Restrepo ( born 7 August 1961 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter and actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Corazón_Profundo', 'summary': "Corazón Profundo ( English : Deep Heart ) is the thirteenth studio album by Colombian recording artist Carlos Vives , released by Sony Music on April 23 , 2013 . This was Vives 's first studio album since 2009 's Clásicos de la Provincia II and the first to feature all-new material since 2004 's El Rock de Mi Pueblo . He was also away from the music industry Sony Music and returns after 20 years when he made the album Escalona : Vol . 2 in 1992 . The album 's first single , Volví a Nacer was released on September 24 , 2012 . It peaked at # 1 on the Colombian National-Report , US Billboard Latin Pop Songs and US Billboard Hot Latin Songs charts . The second single , Como Le Gusta A Tu Cuerpo , featuring the Brazilian musician Michel Teló , was released on January 22 , 2013 and peaked at # 3 in the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart . The third single from the album , Bailar Contigo , was released on May 5 , 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Barrera', 'summary': "Edgar Barrera aka Edge is a songwriter , producer , recording engineer , and musician based in Miami FL . He has won a total of 14 Latin Grammys and 1 Grammy Award including Album of The Year . He has written and produced songs for artists such as Ariana Grande ( Boyfriend with Social House ) ; Madonna ( Medellin , Bitch I 'm Loca ) ; Shakira ( Me Gusta feat Anuel AA , Clandestino ) ; Maluma ( 11PM , HP , El Prestamo , Mala Mia , Sin Contrato , Marinero , among others ) , Jennifer Lopez ( El Anillo ) , Marc Anthony ( Parecen Viernes ) ; Becky G ( La Respuesta feat Maluma ) , Luis Fonsi ( Sigamos Bailando feat Yandel & Gianluca ) CNCO & Yandel ( Hey DJ ) , Prince Royce ( El Clavo ) , Sebastián Yatra ( Ya No Tiene Novio feat Mau y Ricky ) , Christian Nodal ( No Te Contaron Mal , Nada Nuevo ) , Bomba Estéreo ( Internacionales ) , Wisin y Yandel ( La Luz feat Maluma ) , Abraham Mateo ( Loco Enamorado , Hablame Bajito with 50 Cent and Austin Mahone ) , Joey Montana & Sebastián Yatra ( Suena El Dembow ) , Silvestre Dangond ( Ya No Me Duele Mas feat Farruko ) , Banda el Recodo ( Vale La Pena , Todo Tuyo ) , Banda MS ( El Bien Amado ) , Gloria Trevi & Alejandra Guzmán ( Mas Buena ) , among others . At the 13th , 14th and 16th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , Barrera made headlines for being one of the nominees with the most nominations to this prestigious award three times ."}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2014', 'summary': 'The 15th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on November 20 , 2014 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise . This was the first time that Latin Grammys has been held at this location . The main telecast was broadcast on Univision at 8:00PM EST . The nominations were announced on September 24 , 2014 . Puerto Rican musician Eduardo Cabra led the nominations with ten nominations each . Joan Manuel Serrat was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 19 , the day prior to the Latin Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Paco de Lucía · produced by Paco de Lucía · engineered/mixed by Paco de Lucía & Bori Alarcón · mastered by Bori Alarcón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paco_de_Lucía', 'summary': "Francisco Sánchez Gómez ( 21 December 1947 - 25 February 2014 ) , known as Paco de Lucía ( IPA : [ ˈpako ðe luˈθi.a ] ) , was a Spanish virtuoso flamenco guitarist , composer , and record producer . A leading proponent of the new flamenco style , he was one of the first flamenco guitarists to branch into classical and jazz . Richard Chapman and Eric Clapton , authors of Guitar : Music , History , Players , describe de Lucía as a titanic figure in the world of flamenco guitar , and Dennis Koster , author of Guitar Atlas , Flamenco , has referred to de Lucía as one of history 's greatest guitarists . De Lucía was noted for his fast and fluent picados ( fingerstyle runs ) . A master of contrast , he often juxtaposed picados and rasgueados ( flamenco strumming ) with more sensitive playing and was known for adding abstract chords and scale tones to his compositions with jazz influences . These innovations saw him play a key role in the development of traditional flamenco and the evolution of new flamenco and Latin jazz fusion from the 1970s . He received acclaim for his recordings with flamenco singer Camarón de la Isla in the 1970s , recording ten albums which are considered some of the most important and influential in flamenco history . Some of de Lucía 's best known recordings include Río Ancho ( later fused with Al Di Meola 's Mediterranean Sundance ) , Entre dos aguas , La Barrosa , Ímpetu , Cepa Andaluza and Gloria al Niño Ricardo . His collaborations with guitarists John McLaughlin , Al Di Meola and Larry Coryell in the late 1970s saw him gain wider popularity outside his native Spain . De Lucía formed the Paco de Lucía Sextet in 1981 with his brothers , singer Pepe de Lucía and guitarist Ramón de Algeciras , and collaborated with jazz pianist Chick Corea on their 1990 album , Zyryab . In 1992 , he performed live at Expo '92 in Seville and a year later on the Plaza Mayor in Madrid . After 2004 he greatly reduced his public performances , retiring from full touring , and typically only gave several concerts a year , usually in Spain and Germany and at European festivals during the summer months ."}]}, {'value': 'Canción Andaluza', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Marc Anthony - 3.0 ( Marc Anthony , Sergio George & Julio Reyes Copello , album producers ; Juan Mario Mayito Aracil & Julio Reyes Copello , album recording engineers ; Carlos Álvarez , album mixer ; Tom Coyne , album mastering engineer ) Rubén Blades - Tangos ( Carlos Franzetti , album producer ; Jan Holzer , Ariel Lavigna & Chris Sulit , album recording engineers ; Chris Sulit , album mixer ; Chris Sulit , album mastering engineer ) Calle 13 - Multi Viral ( Calle 13 , album producers ; John Blais , Olimpia Calderón , Ryan Gilligan , Phil Joly , Adolfo Martínez , Ramón Martínez , Kevin Mills , Rafa Sardina & Carlos Velázquez , album recording engineers ; Michael Brauer & Rich Costey , album mixers ; Joe Laporta , album mastering engineer ) Camila - Elypse ( Mario Domm , Pablo Hurtado , Stephane Lozac ' h , Ricky Luna & Oliver Visconti , album producers ; Gabriel Castañón , Mario Domm , Geoff Foster , Peter Mokran & Adrián Trujillo , album recording engineers ; Peter Mokran , album mixer ; Bernie Grundman , album mastering engineer ) Lila Downs , Niña Pastori , Soledad - Raíz ( Julio Jiménez Chaboli & Aneiro Taño , album producers ; Julio Jiménez Chaboli , Max Miglin , Aneiro Taño & Rodolfo Vázquez , album recording engineers ; Julio Jiménez Chaboli , Max Miglin , Aneiro Taño & Rodolfo Vázquez , album mixers ; Max Miglin , album mastering engineer ) Jorge Drexler - Bailar en la Cueva ( Eduardo Cabra , Carles Campi Campón , Jorge Drexler , Mario Galeano & Sebastián Merlín , album producers ; Carlos Barres , John Blais , Carles Campi Campón , Néstor Cifuentes , Leo Moreira , Héctor Quídea , José María Resillo & Simón Vélez , album recording engineers ; Carles Campón , album mixer ; Bori Alarcón , album mastering engineer ) Fonseca - Fonseca Sinfónico ( Fonseca , album producer ; Eduardo Bergallo , album recording engineer ; Eduardo Bergallo , album mixer ; Diego Guerrero , album mastering engineer ) Jarabe de Palo - Somos ( Micky Forteza-Rey & Jarabe De Palo , album producers ; José Luis Molero , Gerard Ripoll & Jordi Sole , album recording engineers ; Yves Roussel , album mastering engineer ) Carlos Vives - Más Corazón Profundo ( Mario Caldato Jr. , Andrés Castro , Rock Mafia & Carlos Vives , album producers ; Edgar Barrera , Mauricio Cano , Scott Canto , Andrés Castro , Francisco Kiko Castro , Efraín Junito Dávila , Guido Díaz , Javier Garza , Guianko Gómez , Carlos Huertas , Shafik Palis , Julio Reyes & Curt Schneider , album recording engineers ; Juan Mario Mayito Aracil , Luis Barrera Jr. , Javier Garza & Curt Schneider , album mixers ; Tom Coyne & David Kutch , album mastering engineers )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marc_Anthony', 'summary': "Marco Antonio Muñiz ( born September 16 , 1968 ) , known professionally as Marc Anthony , is a Puerto Rican American singer , songwriter , actor , producer and philanthropist . Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time . The two-time Grammy Award and six-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide . Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads , Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions . He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute ( CHCI ) Lifetime Achievement Award . He also received the 2009 CHCI Chair 's Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16 , 2009 . He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/3.0_(Marc_Anthony_album)', 'summary': "3.0 is the eleventh studio album by American recording artist Marc Anthony , released on July 23 , 2013 . It is his first original salsa album in over a decade . Vivir Mi Vida , a Spanish cover of the Khaled song C'est la vie , was released as the first single on April 26 , 2013 . Cambio de Piel , was released as the second single on October 8 , 2013 . The album was nominated for Album of the Year and won Best Salsa Album at the 2014 Latin Grammy Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rubén_Blades', 'summary': "Rubén Blades Bellido de Luna ( born July 16 , 1948 ) , known professionally as Rubén Blades ( Spanish : [ ruˈβem ˈblaðes ] , but [ - ˈbleðz ] in Panama and within the family ) , is a Panamanian singer , songwriter , actor , musician , activist , and politician , performing musically most often in the Afro-Puerto Rican , salsa , and Latin jazz genres . As a songwriter , Blades brought the lyrical sophistication of Central American nueva canción and Puerto Rico nueva trova as well as experimental tempos and politically inspired Nuyorican salsa to his music , creating thinking persons ' ( salsa ) dance music . Blades has written dozens of hit songs , including Pedro Navaja and El Cantante ( which became Héctor Lavoe 's signature song ) . He has won nine Grammy Awards out of seventeen nominations and five Latin Grammy Awards . His acting career began in 1983 , and has continued , sometimes with several-year breaks to focus on other projects . He has prominent roles in films such as Crossover Dreams ( 1985 ) , The Milagro Beanfield War ( 1988 ) , The Super ( 1991 ) , Predator 2 ( 1992 ) , Color of Night ( 1994 ) , Safe House ( 2012 ) , The Counselor ( 2013 ) and Hands of Stone ( 2016 ) , along with three Emmy Award nominations for his performances in The Josephine Baker Story ( 1991 ) , Crazy from the Heart ( 1992 ) and The Maldonado Miracle ( 2003 ) . He portrayed Daniel Salazar , a main character on the TV series Fear the Walking Dead ( 2015-2017 ; 2019-present ) . He is an icon in Panama and is much admired throughout Latin America and Spain , and managed to attract 17% of the vote in his failed attempt to win the Panamanian presidency in 1994 . In September 2004 , he was appointed minister of tourism by Panamanian president Martín Torrijos for a five-year term . He holds a Bachelor of Arts ' Law degree from the University of Panama and an LL.M in International Law from Harvard University . He is married to singer Luba Mason ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Calle_13_(band)', 'summary': 'Calle 13 is a Puerto Rican band formed by stepbrothers René Pérez Joglar ( born February 23 , 1978 in Hato Rey ) who calls himself Residente ( lead singer , songwriter ) and Eduardo José Cabra Martínez ( born September 10 , 1978 in Santurce ) , who calls himself Visitante ( multi-instrumentalist , vocalist , beat producer ) and their half-sister Ileana Cabra Joglar aka PG-13 or recently ILE ( backing vocals ) . Stepbrothers Pérez and Cabra first were discovered by Elias De Leon . They were subsequently given a record deal with White Lion Records after leaving a demo with A & R Director Carlos Karly Rosario . After the controversial song Querido F.B.I . was released , the group gained notoriety in Puerto Rico . In 2005 , Calle 13 released its eponymously titled debut album , which became very popular due to the singles Se Vale Tó-Tó and ¡Atrévete-te-te ! . In 2007 , the group released its second album , Residente o Visitante , which was also very successful and experimented with a wide variety of genres . The album helped the group gain success throughout Latin America and win three Latin Grammys . The group released its third album , Los de Atrás Vienen Conmigo , in 2008 , which won Album of the Year at the 2009 Latin Grammy Awards . Calle 13 released Entren Los Que Quieran in November 2010 and its latest album , Multi Viral , on March 1 , 2014 . Calle 13 is noted for its eclectic musical style , often using unconventional instrumentation in its music , which distances the group from the reggaeton genre . The band is also known for its satirical lyrics as well as social commentary about Latin American issues and culture .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Multi_Viral', 'summary': "Multi_Viral is the fifth studio album from Puerto Rican band Calle 13 , released on March 1 , 2014 . It marks the band 's debut release via their new independent label , El Abismo , since they parted ways with Sony Music Latin ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Camila_(band)', 'summary': 'Camila is a Mexican pop rock group formed in 2005 by Mario Domm and Pablo Hurtado . Until 2013 , Samo was also part of this group .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elypse', 'summary': 'Elypse is the third studio album released by Camila on June 3 , 2014 . The album was the first released by the band as a duo , after the departure of singer Samo . The song Perdón was featured in the novela La Malquerida starring Victoria Ruffo , Christian Meier , and Ariadne Díaz . The album was nominated for Album of the Year and won for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album at the 2014 Latin Grammy Awards . At the Grammy Awards of 2015 it was nominated for Best Latin Pop Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lila_Downs', 'summary': "Ana Lila Downs Sánchez ( born September 9 , 1968 ) is a Mexican singer-songwriter and actress . She performs her own compositions and the works of others in multiple genres , as well as tapping into Mexican traditional and popular music . She also incorporates indigenous Mexican influences and has recorded songs in many indigenous languages such as Mixtec , Zapotec , Mayan , Nahuatl and Purépecha . Born and raised in Oaxaca , she primarily studied at the Institute of Arts by Oaxaca and briefly attended University of Minnesota , before withdrawing to focus on her musical career . She soon began performing in the traditional music scene of Oaxaca City . Her first album , Ofrenda , was released in 1994 . In 1999 , Downs came to prominence with her debut studio album , La Sandunga , which was a critical and commercial success . She achieved international success in 2001 with the album Border which emerged in the music scene of Mexico and Latin America in the early 2000s ( decade ) . Downs 's seventh album , Pecados y milagros ( 2011 ) , topped album charts in most major markets and generated chart-topping world music albums . Her eighth album , Balas y Chocolate , was released in 2015 . Salón Lágrimas y Deseo , her ninth album , came out in 2017 . Downs began performing in school , demonstrating her vocal ability with traditional music , Latin and American influences , and with her own original twist on dancing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Niña_Pastori', 'summary': 'María Rosa García García better known as Niña Pastori is a Spanish flamenco singer ( cantaora ) . She was born in San Fernando ( Cádiz ) on 15 January 1978 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Raíz_(album)', 'summary': "Raíz ( transl . Origin ) is a collaborative studio album by singers Lila Downs , Niña Pastori and Soledad Pastorutti ; released on April 1 , 2014 by RCA Records . The album 's first single , La raíz de mi tierra , was released on February 25 , 2014 on VEVO . Raíz received two nominations at the 2014 Latin Grammys : Record of the Year and Best Folk Album , which it won . It was also nominated at the Grammy Awards 2015 in the category Best Latin Pop Album ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jorge_Drexler', 'summary': 'Jorge Abner Drexler Prada ( born September 21 , 1964 ) is a Uruguayan musician , actor and doctor specializing in otolaryngology . In 2004 , Drexler won wide acclaim after becoming the first Uruguayan to win an Academy Award , which he won for composing the song Al Otro Lado del Río from The Motorcycle Diaries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fonseca_(singer)', 'summary': "Born in Bogota , Colombia , Juan Fernando Fonseca , better known as Fonseca ( for his surname ) chose music at an early age , studying music formally at institutions such as Javeriana University in Bogota and Berklee College of Music in Boston . Fonseca 's self-titled debut gained him considerable attention in Colombia . His second album released Corazón ( 2005 ) explored the crossroads where pop/rock influences meet the vallenato , bullerengue , and tambora . Gratitud followed in 2008 , with Ilusión arriving in 2011 . Fonseca recorded Sinfónico in concert with Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia in 2013 . Released a year later . In early 2015 , Fonseca was awarded La Musa Premio Triunfador by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame , and in May received the first-ever Contemporary Icon Award at the SESAC Latina Music Awards . In the fall , he released the album Conexión . this album included collaborations with recognized artists like Juanes and Victor Manuelle . In 2017 Fonseca launched Fundación Gratitud an important project that seeks to rescue and ensure the protection of cultural traditions . In 2018 Fonseca received La Orden de Boyacá en grado Oficial , the most important recognition given by the Colombian government as part of his work as a promoter of reconciliation and peace . Fonseca released his latest album Agustín in December 2018 which has 4 nominations for the 20th Annual Latin Grammys Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fonseca_Sinfónico', 'summary': 'Fonseca Sinfónico , also simply known as Sinfónico ( English : Symphonic ) , is collaborative live album by Colombian singer-songwriter Fonseca in collaboration with the National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia , released first in United States on July 9 , 2014 , and more later on July 29 , 2014 in Latin America by EMI Mexico . Is the second live album Fonseca , since Live Bogotá ( 2010 ) . The album was engineered by Eduardo Bergallo ( 11 Episodios Sinfonicos ) and arranged and co-produced by Colombian film composer Juan Andres Otalora . At the Latin Grammy Awards of 2014 , the album won the award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album , and was nominated Album of the Year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jarabe_de_Palo', 'summary': 'Jarabe de Palo is a Spanish rock group from Spain led by singer , songwriter and guitarist , Pau Donés .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Vives', 'summary': 'Carlos Alberto Vives Restrepo ( born 7 August 1961 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter and actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Más_Corazón_Profundo', 'summary': 'Más Corazón Profundo ( English : More Deep Heart ) is the fourteenth studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Carlos Vives , was released on May 13 , 2014 by Sony Music Latin . The album was nominated for Album of the Year and was awarded Best Contemporary Tropical Album at the 2014 Latin Grammy Awards . It won the Grammy Awards in 2015 for Best Tropical Latin Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Barrera', 'summary': "Edgar Barrera aka Edge is a songwriter , producer , recording engineer , and musician based in Miami FL . He has won a total of 14 Latin Grammys and 1 Grammy Award including Album of The Year . He has written and produced songs for artists such as Ariana Grande ( Boyfriend with Social House ) ; Madonna ( Medellin , Bitch I 'm Loca ) ; Shakira ( Me Gusta feat Anuel AA , Clandestino ) ; Maluma ( 11PM , HP , El Prestamo , Mala Mia , Sin Contrato , Marinero , among others ) , Jennifer Lopez ( El Anillo ) , Marc Anthony ( Parecen Viernes ) ; Becky G ( La Respuesta feat Maluma ) , Luis Fonsi ( Sigamos Bailando feat Yandel & Gianluca ) CNCO & Yandel ( Hey DJ ) , Prince Royce ( El Clavo ) , Sebastián Yatra ( Ya No Tiene Novio feat Mau y Ricky ) , Christian Nodal ( No Te Contaron Mal , Nada Nuevo ) , Bomba Estéreo ( Internacionales ) , Wisin y Yandel ( La Luz feat Maluma ) , Abraham Mateo ( Loco Enamorado , Hablame Bajito with 50 Cent and Austin Mahone ) , Joey Montana & Sebastián Yatra ( Suena El Dembow ) , Silvestre Dangond ( Ya No Me Duele Mas feat Farruko ) , Banda el Recodo ( Vale La Pena , Todo Tuyo ) , Banda MS ( El Bien Amado ) , Gloria Trevi & Alejandra Guzmán ( Mas Buena ) , among others . At the 13th , 14th and 16th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , Barrera made headlines for being one of the nominees with the most nominations to this prestigious award three times ."}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2015', 'summary': 'The 16th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on November 19 , 2015 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Paradise . This is the second time that Latin Grammys will be held at this location , will be broadcast live on the Univision Network from 8-11 p.m. ET/PT ( 7 p.m. Central ) . The nominations were announced on September 23 , 2015 . Leonel García leads with six nominations , followed by Natalia Lafourcade with five . Additionally , Juan Luis Guerra and Alejandro Sanz ; engineers Edgar Barrera , Demián Nava , and Alan Saucedo ; and producer Cachorro López each receive four nominations . Pablo Alborán , Miguel Bosé , Café Quijano , Pedro Capó , Nicky Jam , Ricky Martin , and Vicentico are among those who each receive three nominations . Brazilian singer Roberto Carlos will be honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 18 , the day prior to the Latin Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Juan Luis Guerra 4.40 · produced by Juan Luis Guerra & Janina Rosado · engineered/mixed by Edgar Barrera , Rafael Lazzaro , Allan Leschhorn & Ronnie Torres · mastered by Adam Ayan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra', 'summary': 'Juan Luis Guerra Seijas ( born June 7 , 1957 ) , is a Dominican musician , singer , composer , and record producer . He has sold over 70 million records , and has won numerous awards including 21 Latin Grammy Awards , two Grammy Awards , and two Latin Billboard Music Awards . Guerra won 3 Latin Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Album of the Year . In 2012 , he won the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year . Guerra is one of the most internationally recognized Latin artists of recent decades . His popular style of merengue and Afro-Latin fusion has garnered him considerable success throughout Latin America . He is also credited for popularizing bachata music on a global level and is often associated with the genre , although his distinct style of bachata features a more traditional bolero rhythm and aesthetic mixed with bossa-nova influenced melodies and harmony in some of his songs . He does not limit himself to one style of music ; instead , he incorporates diverse rhythms like merengue , bachata-fusion , balada , salsa , rock and roll , and even gospel . Ojalá Que Llueva Café ( I Hope it Rains Coffee ) is one of his most critically acclaimed pieces .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Barrera', 'summary': "Edgar Barrera aka Edge is a songwriter , producer , recording engineer , and musician based in Miami FL . He has won a total of 14 Latin Grammys and 1 Grammy Award including Album of The Year . He has written and produced songs for artists such as Ariana Grande ( Boyfriend with Social House ) ; Madonna ( Medellin , Bitch I 'm Loca ) ; Shakira ( Me Gusta feat Anuel AA , Clandestino ) ; Maluma ( 11PM , HP , El Prestamo , Mala Mia , Sin Contrato , Marinero , among others ) , Jennifer Lopez ( El Anillo ) , Marc Anthony ( Parecen Viernes ) ; Becky G ( La Respuesta feat Maluma ) , Luis Fonsi ( Sigamos Bailando feat Yandel & Gianluca ) CNCO & Yandel ( Hey DJ ) , Prince Royce ( El Clavo ) , Sebastián Yatra ( Ya No Tiene Novio feat Mau y Ricky ) , Christian Nodal ( No Te Contaron Mal , Nada Nuevo ) , Bomba Estéreo ( Internacionales ) , Wisin y Yandel ( La Luz feat Maluma ) , Abraham Mateo ( Loco Enamorado , Hablame Bajito with 50 Cent and Austin Mahone ) , Joey Montana & Sebastián Yatra ( Suena El Dembow ) , Silvestre Dangond ( Ya No Me Duele Mas feat Farruko ) , Banda el Recodo ( Vale La Pena , Todo Tuyo ) , Banda MS ( El Bien Amado ) , Gloria Trevi & Alejandra Guzmán ( Mas Buena ) , among others . At the 13th , 14th and 16th Latin Grammy Awards ceremony , Barrera made headlines for being one of the nominees with the most nominations to this prestigious award three times ."}]}, {'value': 'Todo Tiene Su Hora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todo_Tiene_Su_Hora', 'summary': 'Todo Tiene Su Hora ( Everything Has Its Time ) is the 13th studio album by Dominican singer-songwriter Juan Luis Guerra and was released on November 11 , 2014 by Capitol Latin . The album won Album of the Year and Best Contemporary Tropical Album at the 16th Latin Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': "Pepe Aguilar - MTV Unplugged ( Emmanuel Del Real , album producer ; Gustavo Borner , Justin Moskevich , David Parra & Luis Roman , album recording engineers ; Gustavo Borner , album mixer ; Tom Baker , album mastering engineer ) Rubén Blades with Roberto Delgado & Orquesta - Son de Panamá ( Roberto Delgado , album producer ; Roberto Delgado , Pablo Governatori & Ignacio Nacho Molino , album recording engineers ; Roberto Delgado , Pablo Governatori & Ignacio Nacho Molino , album mixers ; Daniel Ovie , album mastering engineer ) Miguel Bosé - Amo ( Andrew Frampton , Andrés Levin , Filip Mitrovic & Brubaker XL , album producers ; Ray Aldaco , Héctor Castillo , Andrew Frampton , Pepo Sherman , Johnny Skalber & Brubaker Xl , album recording engineers ; Andy Bradfield , Héctor Castillo & Dan Frampton , album mixers ; Antonio Baglio , album mastering engineer ) Café Quijano - Orígenes : El Bolero Volumen 3 ( Kenny O'brien & Manuel Quijano , album producers ; Luis Villa , album recording engineer ; Luis Villa , album mixer ; Miguel Ángel González , album mastering engineer ) Natalia Jiménez - Creo En Mí ( Josh Cumbee , Josh Cumbee , Jayson Dezuzio , Scott Effman , Non Fiction , Toby Gad , Rob Kleiner , Motiff & Lukas Nathanson , album producers ; Julian Bohorquez , Efraín E-Flat González , Lee Levin , Juan Cristobal Losada , Alfonso Ordóñez & Dan Warner , album recording engineers ; Motiff & Jon Rezin , album mixers ; Tom Coyne , album mastering engineer ) Natalia Lafourcade - Hasta la Raíz ( Leonel García , Lafourcade and Cachorro López , album producers ; Andrés Borda , Eduardo Del Águila , Demián Nava , Alan Ortiz Grande , Alan Saucedo & Sebastián Schunt , album recording engineers ; Eduardo De El Águila & Cesar Sogbe , album mixers ; José Blanco , album mastering engineer ) Monsieur Periné - Caja De Música ( Eduardo Cabra , album producer ; John Blais , Eduardo Cabra , Dan Cherouny , Mauricio Garcia , Nicolás Ladron De Guevara , Stefano Pizzaia , Harold Wendel Sanders & Santiago Sarabia , album recording engineers ; John Blais & Fab Dupont , album mixers ; Diego Calviño & Pablo López Ruíz , album mastering engineers ) Alejandro Sanz - Sirope ( Sebastian Krys & Alejandro Sanz , album producers ; Armando Ávila , Sebastian Krys , Juan Carlos Miguel & Pepe Ortega , album recording engineers ; Sebastian Krys & Rafa Sardina , album mixers ; Tom Coyne , album mastering engineer ) María Toledo - ConSentido ( María Toledo , album producer ; Caco Refojo , album recording engineer ; Caco Refojo , album mixer ; Caco Refojo , album mastering engineer )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pepe_Aguilar', 'summary': 'José Antonio Aguilar Jiménez ( born August 7 , 1968 ) , better known as Pepe Aguilar , is a Mexican-American singer-songwriter and actor . Aguilar is the son of Mexican singer-actors Antonio Aguilar and Flor Silvestre . Two of his children are also singers , Leonardo Aguilar and Ángela Aguilar . Aguilar played his first concert at the age of three , joining his father Antonio Aguilar onstage at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Aguilar has sold over 12 million albums worldwide . His work has earned him four Grammy Awards , five Latin Grammy Awards , nineteen Lo Nuestro Awards , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rubén_Blades', 'summary': "Rubén Blades Bellido de Luna ( born July 16 , 1948 ) , known professionally as Rubén Blades ( Spanish : [ ruˈβem ˈblaðes ] , but [ - ˈbleðz ] in Panama and within the family ) , is a Panamanian singer , songwriter , actor , musician , activist , and politician , performing musically most often in the Afro-Puerto Rican , salsa , and Latin jazz genres . As a songwriter , Blades brought the lyrical sophistication of Central American nueva canción and Puerto Rico nueva trova as well as experimental tempos and politically inspired Nuyorican salsa to his music , creating thinking persons ' ( salsa ) dance music . Blades has written dozens of hit songs , including Pedro Navaja and El Cantante ( which became Héctor Lavoe 's signature song ) . He has won nine Grammy Awards out of seventeen nominations and five Latin Grammy Awards . His acting career began in 1983 , and has continued , sometimes with several-year breaks to focus on other projects . He has prominent roles in films such as Crossover Dreams ( 1985 ) , The Milagro Beanfield War ( 1988 ) , The Super ( 1991 ) , Predator 2 ( 1992 ) , Color of Night ( 1994 ) , Safe House ( 2012 ) , The Counselor ( 2013 ) and Hands of Stone ( 2016 ) , along with three Emmy Award nominations for his performances in The Josephine Baker Story ( 1991 ) , Crazy from the Heart ( 1992 ) and The Maldonado Miracle ( 2003 ) . He portrayed Daniel Salazar , a main character on the TV series Fear the Walking Dead ( 2015-2017 ; 2019-present ) . He is an icon in Panama and is much admired throughout Latin America and Spain , and managed to attract 17% of the vote in his failed attempt to win the Panamanian presidency in 1994 . In September 2004 , he was appointed minister of tourism by Panamanian president Martín Torrijos for a five-year term . He holds a Bachelor of Arts ' Law degree from the University of Panama and an LL.M in International Law from Harvard University . He is married to singer Luba Mason ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Delgado_&_Orquesta', 'summary': 'Roberto Delgado & Orquesta , is a Panamanian salsa orchestra based in Panama City . The band leader is Roberto Delgado . The band has released five studio albums and since the release of the album La Rosa de los Vientos ( 1996 ) by singer-songwriter Rubén Blades , the ensemble became his backing band for most of his projects . Following albums included Son de Panamá ( 2015 ) , which was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album and the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album , and Salsa Big Band ( 2017 ) , which was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album and Album of the Year , and the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Miguel_Bosé', 'summary': 'Luis Miguel González Bosé ( born April 3 , 1956 ) , usually known as Miguel Bosé , is a Panamanian-born Spanish pop new wave musician and actor . Bosé became an honorary Colombian citizen in 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Filip_Mitrovic', 'summary': "Filip Mitrovic a.k.a . The Elkcloner ( born April 1 , 1979 , Belgrade ) is a Serbian-American composer from Los Angeles , California . His debut album was released in 2012 via EMI Music . The Elkcloner song Come Away With Me was used in a Rémy Martin television commercial featuring Robin Thicke and Paula Patton , which premiered during the NBA Eastern Conference Finals on ESPN . The single Crossfire peaked at # 13 on MTV Adria chart in May 2012 . Mitrovic 's music was performed at Carnegie Hall in 2010 . In 2012 , he was nominated for Daytime Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition for a Drama Series . In 2015 , Mitrovic was nominated for Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year , for producing Miguel Bose 's Amo . Mitrovic composed the soundtrack for Hollywood feature Manhattan Undying ( Paramount Pictures ) and produced the opening titles theme music for Netflix original series Four Seasons in Havana . He scored the official trailers for NBC 's TV show Emerald City , and collaborated with Andres Levin , Jon Batiste and The Blue Man Group to create the opening credits theme song for George Lopez 's blockbuster Spare Parts ( Lionsgate ) , starring Marisa Tomei and Jamie Lee Curtis . In 2018 , Mitrovic created the music for Squarespace 's Super Bowl advertising campaign starring Keanu Reeves and produced/composed Dillon Cooper 's release Supernova , one of BBC Radio 's Freshest Tunes of The Year He collaborated with Academy Award-nominated director Dee Rees , creating the original score for Samsung 's film Make it Yours , which aired during the 90th Academy Awards ceremony . Mitrovic composed and produced music for Donald Glover 's Guava Island documentary series about Cuban prodigy musicians , which was released on Amazon Prime in June 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalia_Jiménez', 'summary': 'Natalia Altea Jiménez Sarmiento ( born December 29 , 1981 in ) known professionally as Natalia Jiménez is a Spanish singer and songwriter . She was the lead singer of the Spanish pop band La 5ª Estación which rose to fame in Mexico in 2000 . She later decided to leave the band and continue with her successful solo career . She has been a coach on La Voz Kids USA and La Voz . Mexico .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Josh_Cumbee', 'summary': 'Joshua Kissiah Cumbee is an American musician , multi-instrumentalist , singer , songwriter and record producer . He is best known for his artist collaborations with Armin van Buuren and as a songwriter for other artists . In 2015 , he was nominated for an Album of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards for the album Creo En Mí , which he co-wrote for Natalia Jiménez .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Toby_Gad', 'summary': "Tobias Toby Gad ( born 12 April 1968 ) is a Los Angeles-based German music producer/songwriter , best known for co-writing John Legend 's biggest hit All of Me and for co-writing and producing Big Girls Do n't Cry by Fergie and If I Were a Boy by Beyoncé . Other notable works include Skyscraper for Demi Lovato , Who You Are for Jessie J , Untouched for The Veronicas , A Year Without Rain for Selena Gomez & the Scene , Do n't Hold Your Breath for Nicole Scherzinger , Love You More for JLS , and I Do for Colbie Caillat . In the 3rd quarter of 2014 , Gad was ranked the # 3 songwriter in America by Billboard , following up fellow hitmakers Ryan Tedder and Pharrell Williams ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lukas_Nathanson', 'summary': 'Lukas Nathanson ( born 4 July 1986 ) is a Swedish record producer , composer and songwriter . He is commonly known for collaborating with producers Scott Effman , Kenneth Coby as well as various artists including Akon , Chris Brown , Natalia Jiménez , Sofia Reyes , and Prince Royce . Nathanson was nominated two Grammy Awards for his work on the albums Creo En Mi by Natalia Jiménez and X by Chris Brown .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalia_Lafourcade', 'summary': "María Natalia Lafourcade Silva ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maˈɾi.a naˈtalja lafouɾˈkaðe ˈsilβa ] ; born 26 February 1984 ) is a Mexican pop-rock singer and songwriter who since her debut in 2003 has been one of the most successful singers in the pop rock scene in Latin America . Lafourcade 's voice has been categorized as a lyric soprano ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hasta_la_Raíz', 'summary': "Hasta la Raíz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈasta la raˈis ] , To the Root ) is the fifth studio album by Mexican recording artist Natalia Lafourcade . It was released on March 17 , 2015 , by Sony Music Latin . After the success of her previous album , Mujer Divina , a tribute to Mexican singer-songwriter Agustín Lara , Lafourcade decided to record an album with original recordings . Lafourcade spent three years writing the songs and searching for inspiration in different cities , resulting in songs that express very personal feelings regarding love . The record was produced by Lafourcade , with the assistance of Argentinian musician Cachorro López and Mexican artist Leonel García . Upon its release , Hasta la Raíz received favorable reviews from music critics , with some critics expressing skepticism about her songwriting and saying she had stayed within her comfort zone , and others praising her evolution as a musician and naming the album one of the best pop releases of the year . The record peaked at number eight on the US Billboard Latin Albums and number one in Mexico , where it was certified double platinum and gold , with over 150,000 copies shipped in the country . Hasta la Raíz received a nomination for Album of the Year and won Best Alternative Music Album and Best Engineered Album at the 16th Latin Grammy Awards . The album also won Best Latin Rock , Urban or Alternative Album at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards . To promote the album , four singles were released , and Lafourcade launched the 2015 Hasta la Raíz Tour to several Latin American countries , the United States , and Europe . The album 's first two singles , the title track and Nunca Es Suficiente reached the top five in Mexico ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leonel_García', 'summary': 'Sin Bandera ( Spanish pronunciation : [ sin banˈdeɾa ] ; [ a ] which can be interpreted as Flagless or Without A Flag ) is a R & B , Latin pop duo based in Mexico , which consists of Leonel García , and Noel Schajris . They became one of the most popular artists after their solo debut album Sin Bandera was released on March 26 , 2002 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cachorro_López', 'summary': 'Gerardo Horacio López von Linden ( born 3 March 1956 ) , known professionally as Cachorro López , is an Argentine record producer , musician and songwriter . Born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , he enrolled in various musical ensembles , including Zas and Los Abuelos de la Nada . López has worked with several artists producing their albums , including Caifanes , Stephanie Salas , Andrés Calamaro , Paulina Rubio , Diego Torres and Miranda ! . López also was the executive producer of the tribute album for the English band Queen in 1997 . His work has been recognized with two Latin Grammy Awards for Producer of the Year in 2006 and 2009 , out of four consecutive nominations , and a Grammy Award for producing Limón y Sal by Julieta Venegas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monsieur_Periné', 'summary': "Monsieur Periné is a Bogotá-based musical ensemble from Colombia with an Afro-Colombian sound that mixes Latin and European flavors . Lead singer Catalina García sings in a mixture of Spanish , French , English , and Portuguese . Other members include Nicolás Junca on the guitar ; Santiago Prieto , who plays the charango , violin , and guitar ; Adinda Meertins on the double bass ; Jairo Alfonso on the winds ( primarily saxophone and clarinet ) ; Abstin Caviedes on the trombone and bugle ; Miguel Guerra on percussion ; and Darwin Baez on the drums . Their style mixes elements of cumbia , tango , danzón , bolero and pop music , according to the San Diego Union Tribune . At the Latin Grammy Awards , the ensemble was named best new artist of 2015 . Their debut album in 2012 won Colombia 's national gold album award . The group was formed in 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sirope', 'summary': 'Sirope is the 11th studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz . It was produced by himself alongside Grammy award winner Sebastian Krys . It was released on May 4 , 2015 . Sirope earned nominations for Album of the Year and won for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album at the 16th Latin Grammy Awards . Sirope also received a nomination for Best Latin Pop Album at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Awards_of_2016', 'summary': 'The 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held on November 17 , 2016 at the T-Mobile Arena in Paradise , Nevada . The nominations were announced on September 21 , 2016 . Julio Reyes Copello , Djavan , Fonseca , Jesse & Joy , and Ricardo López Lalinde leads with four nominations each . American singer Marc Anthony was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on November 16 , the day prior to the Latin Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Juan Gabriel · produced by Gustavo Farías · engineered/mixed by Pete Fuchs , Dan Moore , Erwin Ríos , Diego Farías , Gustavo Farías , Peter Fuchs , Dan Moore , Dave Rideau and Jean Smitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_Gabriel', 'summary': "Alberto Aguilera Valadez ( Spanish pronunciation : [ alˈβeɾto aɣiˈleɾa βalaˈðes ] ; January 7 , 1950 - August 28 , 2016 ) , known professionally as Juan Gabriel ( pronounced [ ˈxwaŋ ɡaˈβɾjel ] ( listen ) ) , was a Mexican singer , songwriter and actor . Colloquially nicknamed as Juanga ( pronounced [ ˈxwaŋɡa ] ) and El Divo de Juárez , Gabriel was known for his flamboyant style , which broke barriers within the Latin music market . Widely considered one of the best and most prolific Mexican composers and singers of all time , he has been called a pop icon . Having sold over 100 million records worldwide , Juan Gabriel was among Latin America 's best selling singer-songwriters . His nineteenth studio album , Recuerdos , Vol . II , is reportedly the best-selling album of all time in Mexico , with over eight million copies sold . During his career , Juan Gabriel wrote around 1,800 songs . Among his most recognized penned songs are Amor eterno , Querida , Yo no nací para amar , Hasta que te conocí , El Noa Noa , No tengo dinero , Abrázame muy fuerte , Te lo pido por favor , En esta primavera , Pero qué necesidad , Te sigo amando , Siempre en mi mente , De mí enamórate , and Lo pasado , pasado , among others ; all of them , performed by him and many other artists ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Dúo 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Dúo,_Vol._2', 'summary': 'Los Dúo , Vol . 2 is the twenty-ninth studio album by Juan Gabriel , released on December 11 , 2015 . It features artists performing duets with Juan Gabriel . The album won Album of the Year and Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Pablo Alborán - Tour Terral ( Bori Alarcón , album producer ; Alarcón and Roberto Rodríguez , album recording engineers ; Alarcón , Adrían Schinoff Noher and Carlos Vera , album mixers ; Alarcón , album mastering engineer ) Andrea Bocelli - Cinema ( Edición En Español ) ( David Foster , Humberto Gatica and Tony Renis , album producers ; Gatica , album recording engineer ; Gatica and Martin Nessi , album mixers ; Vladdo Meller , album mastering engineer ) Andrés Cepeda - Mil Ciudades ( Bernardo Ossa , Mauricio Pantoja , Julio Reyes Copello , Tommy Torres and Dan Warner , album producers ; Richard Bravo , Mauricio Cano , Reyes Copello , Fonseca , Diego García , Jan Holzner , Kamilo Kratc , Lee Levin , Carlos Fernando López , Ricardo López Lalinde , Dario Moscatelli , Martín Nessi , Camilo Ortega , Ossa , Pantoja , Stefano Pizzaia , Natalia Ramírez , Torres , Mauricio Vilar , Pete Wallace and Warner , album recording engineers ; Álvaro Alencar , Bob Clearmountain , Iker Gastaminza and Thom Russo , album mixers ; Antonio Baglio , Mike Couzzi and Ted Jensen , album mastering engineers ) Djavan - Vidas Pra Contar ( Djavan , album producer ; Marcelo Saboia , album recording engineer ; Saboia , album mixer ; Andre Días , album mastering engineer ) Fonseca - Conexión ( Julio Reyes Copello , album producer ; Rolando Alejandro , Juan Camilo Arboleda , Richard Bravo , Alex Casadiego , Juan Fernando Fonseca , Kamilo Kratc , Lee Levin , Carlos Fernando López , Ricardo López Lalinde , Natalia Ramírez , Reyes Copello and Gabriel Vallejo , album recording engineers ; Iker Gastaminaza , album mixer ; Tom Coyne , album mastering engineer ) Jesse & Joy - Un Besito Más ( Juan Luis Guerra , Jesse Huerta , Fraser T Smith , Martin Terefe and Tommy Torres , album producers ; Beatríz Artola , Dyre Gormsen , Rogelio Jiménez Osuna , Kristian Larsen , Allan Leschhorn , Andrés Saavedra , Torres , Adrián Trujillo , Dan Warner and Oskar Winberg , album recording engineers ; Eduardo De La Paz Canel and Craig Silvey , album mixers ; John Davis , album mastering engineer ) José Lugo & Guasábara Combo - ¿Donde Están ? ( Lugo , album producer ; Manuel Calero , JoseMa Lugo and Ronnie Torres , album recording engineers ; Torres , album mixer ; Torres , album mastering engineer ) Diego Torres - Buena Vida ( Rafa Arcaute and Julio Reyes Copello , album producers ; Rafa Arcaute , Luis Barrera Jr , Richard Bravo , Gustavo Celis , Javier Garza , Kamilo Kratc , Lee Levin , Carlos Fernando López , Ricardo López Lalinde , Reyes Copello , Esteban Varela and Dan Warner , album recording engineers ; Rafa Sardina , album mixer ; Antonio Baglio , album mastering engineer ) Julieta Venegas - Algo Sucede ( Cachorro López and Venegas , album producers ; Eduardo Chermont , Ernesto Garcia , Demián Nava and Sebastián Schon , album recording engineers ; Héctor Castillo , album mixer ; Greg Calbi , album mastering engineer )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pablo_Alborán', 'summary': 'Pablo Moreno de Alborán Ferrándiz [ a ] ( born 31 May 1989 in Málaga ) popularly known as Pablo Alborán , is a Spanish musician , singer , and songwriter . In 2011 , he was nominated for three Latin Grammy Awards . Alborán has released three studio albums , two live albums , and various musical collaborations . His records are distributed by Warner Music which debuted in 2010 with their first official release , Solamente Tú , the first single from his debut album Pablo Alboran ( 2011 ) , released in February 2011 . The album ranked No . 1 in its first week of sales , making Alborán the first solo artist to sign a complete debut album to rank to the top since 1998 in Spain . A few months after releasing his first album , it was published in acoustic as the first recorded live concert by the singer . Several weeks after it debuted to the top in Spain , it was launched in Portugal , getting to be No . 1 for several weeks . Of all his singles , two stand out in terms of popularity : Solamente tú and Perdóname which he sang together with singer Carminho , being number one in sales , both in Spain and in Portugal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tour_Terral', 'summary': 'Tour Terral is the second live album by Spanish singer-songwriter Pablo Alborán . At the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , the album received two nominations ; Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year and Latin Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Bocelli', 'summary': "Andrea Angel Bocelli OMRI OMDSM ( Italian pronunciation : [ anˈdreːa boˈtʃɛlli ] ; born 22 September 1958 ) is an Italian opera singer , songwriter , and record producer . Celine Dion has said that if God would have a singing voice , he must sound a lot like Andrea Bocelli , and David Foster , a record producer , often describes Bocelli 's voice as the most beautiful in the world . Following a football accident , Bocelli was diagnosed with Traumatic glaucoma , becoming completely blind at age 12 . Since 1982 , Bocelli has recorded 15 solo studio albums of both pop and classical music , three greatest hits albums , and nine complete operas , selling over 90 million records worldwide . He has had success as a crossover performer , bringing classical music to the top of international pop charts . In 1998 , Bocelli was named one of People magazine 's 50 Most Beautiful People . In 1999 , he was nominated for Best New Artist at the Grammy Awards . The Prayer is his duet with Celine Dion for the animated film Quest for Camelot which won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song . He captured a listing in the Guinness Book of World Records with the release of his classical album Sacred Arias , as he simultaneously held the top three positions on the US Classical Albums charts . Bocelli was made a Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 2006 and was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 2 March 2010 for his contribution to Live Theater ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cinema_(Andrea_Bocelli_album)', 'summary': 'Cinema is the fifteenth studio album by Italian classical tenor recording artist Andrea Bocelli . The album , featuring renditions of classic film soundtracks and scores , was released on October 23 , 2015 through Sugar Music and Universal Music Group . A Spanish-language version of the album was also released and has been nominated Album of the Year at the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards . Cinema received a nomination for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards held in February 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Foster', 'summary': 'David Walter Foster , OC , OBC ( born November 1 , 1949 ) , is a Canadian musician , record producer , composer , songwriter , and arranger . He has been a producer for musicians including Christina Aguilera , Mary J. Blige , Andrea Bocelli , Toni Braxton , Michael Bublé , Peter Cetera , Chicago , John Parr , Natalie Cole , Alice Cooper , Celine Dion , Kenny G , Josh Groban , Whitney Houston , Michael Jackson , Chaka Khan , Kenny Loggins , Jennifer Lopez , Cheryl Lynn , Madonna , Olivia Newton-John , Brandy Norwood , Kenny Rogers , Seal , Blake Shelton , Rod Stewart , Barbra Streisand , Donna Summer , The Corrs and Jake Zyrus . Foster has won 16 Grammy Awards from 47 nominations . He was the chairman of Verve Records from 2012 to 2016 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Humberto_Gatica', 'summary': 'Humberto Gatica is a Chilean-born American record producer , music mixer , audio engineer and a long-time collaborator with producer David Foster . He is a 16-time Grammy Award Winner .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Renis', 'summary': 'Tony Renis ( born May 13 , 1938 ) , stage name of Elio Cesari , is an Italian singer , composer , songwriter , music producer and film actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrés_Cepeda', 'summary': 'Andrés Cepeda ( born July 7 , 1973 ) is a popular Colombian singer-songwriter . He was born in Bogotá , the youngest of five children . He displayed an inclination towards music from an early age , studying piano since the age of 5 . He composed his first piece at the age of 12 . He studied at Colegio San Carlos and later at Colegio Emilio Valenzuela . His musical career began as the lead voice of Poligamia , a latin rock-pop group which he founded with some friends during his adolescence . After Poligamia was disbanded , Cepeda continued with his musical career as a soloist , finding success in different musical genres such as bolero and Balada , among other romantic genres . His album El carpintero achieved quadruple-platinum sales in Colombia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bernardo_Ossa', 'summary': "Bernardo Ossa is a Colombian composer , musician , sound engineer , Record Label manager and 4 time Grammy Award producer . He was born in Bogotá , Colombia . Bernardo Ossa initiated the composer Kike Santander into the world of composition in the eighties , introducing him into the big league advertising agencies , and became partners in a successful music career . He collaborated in the production of Premonición ( Premonition ) the third album of Spanish David Bisbal , which was released in 2006 . That album sold more than 1 million copies around the world. , as in 2 of his previous productions . In March 2007 , Bernardo Ossa was voted Best Producer of the Year . In 2009 , he worked with Kike Santander . Ossa has participated in productions of Thalía , Alejandro Fernández , Paulina Rubio , David Bisbal , Diego Torres , Amaury Gutierrez , Olga Tañon ( 3 Grammy Awards ) , Christian Castro , Noelia , Ricardo Montaner , among others . He also produced 3 the latest albums for Fonseca , with which he won a Billboard and 2 Latin Grammys . He has also produced Carlos Vives 's hit Clasicos de la Provincia 1 , selling 4 million copies worldwide , Verónica Orozco , Las Martí , Julio César Meza , who won The X Factor in Colombia in 2005 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Torres', 'summary': "Tomas Torres Carrasquillo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtomas ˈtores karasˈkiʝo ] ; born November 25 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Tommy Torres ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtomi ˈtores ] ) , is a Puerto Rican singer , songwriter , and record producer . Named # 1 Hot Latin Tracks Producer of 2007 by Billboard magazine and Composer of the Year at 2010 ASCAP 's Latin Music Awards , Torres has written and produced songs for many artists including Ricardo Arjona , Jaci Velasquez , Ednita Nazario , Alejandro Sanz , Ricky Martin and Franco De Vita ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dan_Warner', 'summary': 'Dan Warner is the Director for The Michael and Sara Moskau Institute of Archaeology and the Center for Archaeological Research , professor of Old Testament and Archaeology at New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary , and is a co-director of the Tel Gezer Water System excavation and preservation project . He has also served various roles on other excavations at Tel Kabri , Megiddo , Tel El Farah , Gerar , and Ashkelon .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fonseca_(singer)', 'summary': "Born in Bogota , Colombia , Juan Fernando Fonseca , better known as Fonseca ( for his surname ) chose music at an early age , studying music formally at institutions such as Javeriana University in Bogota and Berklee College of Music in Boston . Fonseca 's self-titled debut gained him considerable attention in Colombia . His second album released Corazón ( 2005 ) explored the crossroads where pop/rock influences meet the vallenato , bullerengue , and tambora . Gratitud followed in 2008 , with Ilusión arriving in 2011 . Fonseca recorded Sinfónico in concert with Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia in 2013 . Released a year later . In early 2015 , Fonseca was awarded La Musa Premio Triunfador by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame , and in May received the first-ever Contemporary Icon Award at the SESAC Latina Music Awards . In the fall , he released the album Conexión . this album included collaborations with recognized artists like Juanes and Victor Manuelle . In 2017 Fonseca launched Fundación Gratitud an important project that seeks to rescue and ensure the protection of cultural traditions . In 2018 Fonseca received La Orden de Boyacá en grado Oficial , the most important recognition given by the Colombian government as part of his work as a promoter of reconciliation and peace . Fonseca released his latest album Agustín in December 2018 which has 4 nominations for the 20th Annual Latin Grammys Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Diego_Garcia_(musician)', 'summary': "Diego Garcia is an American musician . He was the lead singer of the band Elefant and later became a solo artist . Garcia was born in Detroit , Michigan to Argentine parents , raised in Tampa , Florida , and educated at Brown University . He first broke into the music world as the lead singer of the New York-based band Elefant , a group aligned with the postmodern movement . New York magazine once described him as the Sexiest Lead Singer . In April 2011 he released his first solo album Laura . Garcias band includes an Italian-born cellist and a Spanish-styled guitarist , plus a tight rhythm section . Garcia cites the young Julio Iglesias as his role model . He has taken inspiration from and has been compared to Leonard Cohen due to their florid instrumental sounds and soul-rending ballads , but most importantly the album was inspired by his girlfriend Laura . The couple is now married , with a young daughter . On August 9 , 2013 , Diego 's second solo album release was announced . Paradise was released October 8 , 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bob_Clearmountain', 'summary': "Bob Clearmountain ( born January 15 , 1953 ) is an American music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Bruce Springsteen ( mixing Springsteen 's Born in the U.S.A. ) , The Rolling Stones ( re-mixes of the singles Miss You and Out of Tears ) as well as their Tattoo You album , Bryan Adams ( mixing almost all of his albums since 1983 ) , Robbie Williams ( Intensive Care ) , Toto , Bon Jovi ( These Days , Crush , Bounce ) , Altered State , Simple Minds , and 235 other artists . He has been nominated for four Grammy Awards and won a Latin Grammy Award in 2007 for Best Male Pop Vocal Album for his work with engineering Ricky Martin 's MTV Unplugged . He has also won an Emmy and he has won seven TEC Awards for Best Recording Engineer , two others for Best Broadcast Engineer , one special Les Paul Award and a Monitor Award for the Rolling Stone 's Voodoo Lounge pay-per-view show . He is married to Apogee Electronics CEO , Betty Bennett . Clearmountain also played bass on The Dead Boys ' first album , Young , Loud and Snotty , before Jeff Magnum rejoined the group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Thom_Russo', 'summary': 'Thomas Thom Russo is an American record producer , composer , engineer , mixer and songwriter . His works range from Anglo-American pop/rock to Alternative Latin . He is a recipient of 16 Grammy awards'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ted_Jensen', 'summary': "Ted Jensen ( born September 19 , 1954 ) is an American mastering engineer , known for having mastered many recordings including the Eagles ' Hotel California , Green Day 's American Idiot and Norah Jones ' Come Away with Me ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Djavan', 'summary': 'Djavan ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ dʒaˈvɐ̃ ] ; full name Djavan Caetano Viana ; born 27 January 1949 ) is a Brazilian singer/songwriter . His music combines traditional Brazilian rhythms with popular music drawn from the Americas , Europe and Africa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fonseca_(singer)', 'summary': "Born in Bogota , Colombia , Juan Fernando Fonseca , better known as Fonseca ( for his surname ) chose music at an early age , studying music formally at institutions such as Javeriana University in Bogota and Berklee College of Music in Boston . Fonseca 's self-titled debut gained him considerable attention in Colombia . His second album released Corazón ( 2005 ) explored the crossroads where pop/rock influences meet the vallenato , bullerengue , and tambora . Gratitud followed in 2008 , with Ilusión arriving in 2011 . Fonseca recorded Sinfónico in concert with Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia in 2013 . Released a year later . In early 2015 , Fonseca was awarded La Musa Premio Triunfador by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame , and in May received the first-ever Contemporary Icon Award at the SESAC Latina Music Awards . In the fall , he released the album Conexión . this album included collaborations with recognized artists like Juanes and Victor Manuelle . In 2017 Fonseca launched Fundación Gratitud an important project that seeks to rescue and ensure the protection of cultural traditions . In 2018 Fonseca received La Orden de Boyacá en grado Oficial , the most important recognition given by the Colombian government as part of his work as a promoter of reconciliation and peace . Fonseca released his latest album Agustín in December 2018 which has 4 nominations for the 20th Annual Latin Grammys Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fonseca_(singer)', 'summary': "Born in Bogota , Colombia , Juan Fernando Fonseca , better known as Fonseca ( for his surname ) chose music at an early age , studying music formally at institutions such as Javeriana University in Bogota and Berklee College of Music in Boston . Fonseca 's self-titled debut gained him considerable attention in Colombia . His second album released Corazón ( 2005 ) explored the crossroads where pop/rock influences meet the vallenato , bullerengue , and tambora . Gratitud followed in 2008 , with Ilusión arriving in 2011 . Fonseca recorded Sinfónico in concert with Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia in 2013 . Released a year later . In early 2015 , Fonseca was awarded La Musa Premio Triunfador by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame , and in May received the first-ever Contemporary Icon Award at the SESAC Latina Music Awards . In the fall , he released the album Conexión . this album included collaborations with recognized artists like Juanes and Victor Manuelle . In 2017 Fonseca launched Fundación Gratitud an important project that seeks to rescue and ensure the protection of cultural traditions . In 2018 Fonseca received La Orden de Boyacá en grado Oficial , the most important recognition given by the Colombian government as part of his work as a promoter of reconciliation and peace . Fonseca released his latest album Agustín in December 2018 which has 4 nominations for the 20th Annual Latin Grammys Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Coyne_(music_engineer)', 'summary': 'Thomas J. Coyne ( December 10 , 1954 - April 12 , 2017 ) was an American mastering engineer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jesse_&_Joy', 'summary': 'Jesse & Joy ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈɟʝesi i ˈʝoi ] ) is a Mexican pop duo formed in 2005 by brother and sister Jesse ( born December 31 , 1982 , as Jesse Eduardo Huerta Uecke ) and Joy ( born June 20 , 1986 , as Tirzah Joy Huerta Uecke ) , in Mexico City . The duo have released four studio albums , one live album and one EP on Warner Music Latin , have toured internationally , and have accumulated a Best Latin Album Grammy Award and six Latin Grammy Awards in various categories . Jesse & Joy are probably some of the purest , most talented artists of our generation , wrote Latin Times .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Un_Besito_Más', 'summary': 'Un Besito Más ( One More Kiss ) is the fourth studio album released by Jesse & Joy on December 4 , 2015 . Its lead single , Ecos de Amor , was released on August 14 , 2015 . Ecos de Amor is also featured in the Mexican telenovela Pasión y Poder . At the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , the album received a nomination for Album of the Year and won for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album and Ecos de Amor was nominated for Song of the Year and Record of the Year . [ citation needed ] Un Besito Mas also won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album and was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Album of the Year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Juan_Luis_Guerra', 'summary': 'Juan Luis Guerra Seijas ( born June 7 , 1957 ) , is a Dominican musician , singer , composer , and record producer . He has sold over 70 million records , and has won numerous awards including 21 Latin Grammy Awards , two Grammy Awards , and two Latin Billboard Music Awards . Guerra won 3 Latin Grammy Awards in 2010 , including Album of the Year . In 2012 , he won the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year . Guerra is one of the most internationally recognized Latin artists of recent decades . His popular style of merengue and Afro-Latin fusion has garnered him considerable success throughout Latin America . He is also credited for popularizing bachata music on a global level and is often associated with the genre , although his distinct style of bachata features a more traditional bolero rhythm and aesthetic mixed with bossa-nova influenced melodies and harmony in some of his songs . He does not limit himself to one style of music ; instead , he incorporates diverse rhythms like merengue , bachata-fusion , balada , salsa , rock and roll , and even gospel . Ojalá Que Llueva Café ( I Hope it Rains Coffee ) is one of his most critically acclaimed pieces .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fraser_T_Smith', 'summary': "Fraser Thorneycroft-Smith ( born 8 February 1971 ) is an English record producer , songwriter and musician . Some of the singles he collaborated on include Adele 's Set Fire to the Rain , James Morrison 's Broken Strings , Tinchy Stryder 's Number 1 and Taio Cruz 's Break Your Heart . In 2016 , Smith teamed up with Stormzy to produce his debut album Gang Signs & Prayer , which won best album at the 2018 Brit Awards . Earlier that year he produced seven tracks on Kano 's Made in the Manor album and co produced the debut EP from South London rapper Dave . Smith has also worked with Sam Smith ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Martin_Terefe', 'summary': 'Martin Terefe ( born 1969 , Stockholm , Sweden ) is a Swedish record producer and songwriter , now living and working in London who has produced Grammy , Brit and Juno award -winning albums with artists like Jason Mraz , James Morrison and KT Tunstall . He is also a member of the group Apparatjik .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrés_Saavedra_(producer)', 'summary': 'Andrés Julián Saavedra ( Born 23 March 1985 ) , known professionally as Andres Saavedra aka Drew , is a Colombian multi-Grammy award winning producer , songwriter , mixer , and engineer . Andres has been nominated eight times to the Latin Grammy Awards , with his latest for Producer of the Year in the 16th Annual Latin Grammy Awards held November 2015 . Andrés is one of the top Colombian producers defining the new sound in Latin music .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Craig_Silvey', 'summary': 'Craig Silvey ( born 1 January 1982 ) is an Australian novelist . Silvey has twice been named one of the Best Young Australian Novelists by The Sydney Morning Herald , and has been shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award . His 2009 second novel was selected by the American Library Association as Best Fiction for Young Adults in their 2012 list , and was made into the movie Jasper Jones in 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diego_Torres_(singer)', 'summary': 'Diego Antonio Caccia ( born March 9 , 1971 in Buenos Aires ) , known as Diego Torres , is an Argentine two Grammy Award-nominated pop singer , songwriter , composer , musician and actor ( of films , theater and television ) . He is the son of the legendary Argentine artist Lolita Torres ( 1930-2002 ) . He has sold 20 million albums worldwide .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Buena_Vida_(album)', 'summary': 'Buena Vida is a 2015 album by Diego Torres . It earned Torres a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Pop Album . It was also nominated Album of the Year and Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gustavo_Celis', 'summary': "Gustavo Celis is a music engineer , mixer and producer . He has worked with many prominent names in music including Shakira ( he mixed her classic albums Fijación Oral Vol . 1 and Oral Fixation Vol . 2 , and singles La Tortura and Do n't Bother ) , Ricky Martin ( he mixed his single Jaleo and Life ) , Chicago ( he recorded the soundtrack to the motion picture ) , Gloria Estefan ( Caribbean Soul ) , Beyoncé ( B'Day including the single Beautiful Liar ) , and many others . He has been nominated twice for Mix Foundation 's TEC Award , for Best Record Production in 2006 and Best Surround Sound Recording in 2008 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Javier_Garza', 'summary': 'Javier Garza is an American sound engineer and mixer from Florida . Garza has done production work on a large number of successful major-label albums since 1990 , and has won two Grammy Awards and nine Latin Grammy Awards . Among the artists whose music Garza has mixed are Gloria Estefan , Ricky Martin , Madonna , Thalía , Shakira , Carlos Vives , Marc Anthony , Vic Damone , Jennifer Lopez , Jon Secada , Alejandro Sanz , Jaci Velasquez , Paulina Rubio . Los Claxons'}, {'url': '/wiki/Julieta_Venegas', 'summary': 'Julieta Venegas Percevault ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xuˈljeta βeˈneɣas ] ; [ a ] born November 24 , 1970 in Long Beach , California ) is an American-born Mexican singer , songwriter , instrumentalist and producer who sings pop-rock in Spanish . She speaks English , Portuguese , and Spanish fluently . She has a twin sister , Yvonne , who is a photographer . Venegas grew up in Tijuana and began studying music at age eight . She went on to join several bands including Mexican ska band Tijuana No ! . Venegas plays several instruments including acoustic guitar , accordion , and keyboard . She has won five Latin Grammys and one Grammy Award among other awards . She has composed music for theater and performed in soundtracks for two movies . In 1997 , she released her debut album Aquí to favorable reviews in Mexico by the rock audience . In later years , she positioned herself as one of the most prominent songwriters in Latin pop by achieving fame in 2003 in Latin America and Spain with the album Sí and singles Andar Conmigo and Algo está cambiando which were positioned at the top of Latin Billboard . In 2006 , she released her most successful album Limón y Sal which is her best-selling album to date . Limón y Sal achieved Platinum status in several countries , including the worldwide hit Me Voy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cachorro_López', 'summary': 'Gerardo Horacio López von Linden ( born 3 March 1956 ) , known professionally as Cachorro López , is an Argentine record producer , musician and songwriter . Born in Buenos Aires , Argentina , he enrolled in various musical ensembles , including Zas and Los Abuelos de la Nada . López has worked with several artists producing their albums , including Caifanes , Stephanie Salas , Andrés Calamaro , Paulina Rubio , Diego Torres and Miranda ! . López also was the executive producer of the tribute album for the English band Queen in 1997 . His work has been recognized with two Latin Grammy Awards for Producer of the Year in 2006 and 2009 , out of four consecutive nominations , and a Grammy Award for producing Limón y Sal by Julieta Venegas .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/18th_Annual_Latin_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on November 16 , 2017 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas . It was broadcast on Univision at 8PM ET\\PT . This marked the tenth year Las Vegas hosts the Latin Grammy Awards and also marked the telecasts return to the MGM Grand Garden Arena .'}]}, {'value': 'Rubén Blades with Roberto Delgado & Orquesta · produced by Roberto Delgado · engineered/mixed by Pablo Governatori , Ignacio Molino , and Daniel Ovie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rubén_Blades', 'summary': "Rubén Blades Bellido de Luna ( born July 16 , 1948 ) , known professionally as Rubén Blades ( Spanish : [ ruˈβem ˈblaðes ] , but [ - ˈbleðz ] in Panama and within the family ) , is a Panamanian singer , songwriter , actor , musician , activist , and politician , performing musically most often in the Afro-Puerto Rican , salsa , and Latin jazz genres . As a songwriter , Blades brought the lyrical sophistication of Central American nueva canción and Puerto Rico nueva trova as well as experimental tempos and politically inspired Nuyorican salsa to his music , creating thinking persons ' ( salsa ) dance music . Blades has written dozens of hit songs , including Pedro Navaja and El Cantante ( which became Héctor Lavoe 's signature song ) . He has won nine Grammy Awards out of seventeen nominations and five Latin Grammy Awards . His acting career began in 1983 , and has continued , sometimes with several-year breaks to focus on other projects . He has prominent roles in films such as Crossover Dreams ( 1985 ) , The Milagro Beanfield War ( 1988 ) , The Super ( 1991 ) , Predator 2 ( 1992 ) , Color of Night ( 1994 ) , Safe House ( 2012 ) , The Counselor ( 2013 ) and Hands of Stone ( 2016 ) , along with three Emmy Award nominations for his performances in The Josephine Baker Story ( 1991 ) , Crazy from the Heart ( 1992 ) and The Maldonado Miracle ( 2003 ) . He portrayed Daniel Salazar , a main character on the TV series Fear the Walking Dead ( 2015-2017 ; 2019-present ) . He is an icon in Panama and is much admired throughout Latin America and Spain , and managed to attract 17% of the vote in his failed attempt to win the Panamanian presidency in 1994 . In September 2004 , he was appointed minister of tourism by Panamanian president Martín Torrijos for a five-year term . He holds a Bachelor of Arts ' Law degree from the University of Panama and an LL.M in International Law from Harvard University . He is married to singer Luba Mason ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roberto_Delgado_&_Orquesta', 'summary': 'Roberto Delgado & Orquesta , is a Panamanian salsa orchestra based in Panama City . The band leader is Roberto Delgado . The band has released five studio albums and since the release of the album La Rosa de los Vientos ( 1996 ) by singer-songwriter Rubén Blades , the ensemble became his backing band for most of his projects . Following albums included Son de Panamá ( 2015 ) , which was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album and the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album , and Salsa Big Band ( 2017 ) , which was awarded the Latin Grammy Award for Best Salsa Album and Album of the Year , and the Grammy Award for Best Tropical Latin Album .'}]}, {'value': 'Salsa Big Band', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salsa_Big_Band', 'summary': "Salsa Big Band is a studio album by Panamanian singer Rubén Blades and Roberto Delgado & Orquesta , released on 29 April 2017 by Rubén Blades Productions . After the release of Son de Panamá in 2015 , also recorded with Delgado & Orquesta , Blades decided to record another album with them , on which Blades included eleven songs . He had previously recorded nine of the songs , and two were covers of songs written by Luis Demetrio and René Touzet . Delgado was the producer for the album . Blades ' principal inspiration for the album was his admiration for the work of Puerto Rican performers such as Tito Puente , Tito Rodríguez and Willie Rosario , and the Big band sound of the 50s . Salsa Big Band received favorable reviews from music critics , with critics praising Blades ' vision and willingness to try new sounds ; one said that Blades was still at the top of the salsa world . At the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , the album won for Album of the Year and Best Salsa Album ; and at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards the record won for Best Tropical Latin Album ."}]}, {'value': "Antonio Carmona - Obras Son Amores ( Carmona and Daniel García Diego , producers ; Carlos Martos and Curro Ureba , album recording engineers ; Martos , album mixer and album mastering engineer ) Vicente García - A La Mar ( Eduardo Cabra and Vicente García , album producers ; John Blais , Rafael Lázzaro Colón , García , Allan Leschhörn , Jorge Corredor Lodoño and José Víctor Olivier Sterling , album recording engineers ; Blais , Colón and Harold Wendell Sanders , album mixers ; Greg Calbi and Alex De Turk , album mastering engineers ) Nicky Jam - Fénix ( Banx & Ranx , Dwayne Chin-Quee , Johan Esteban Espinosa , Johnattan Gaviria , Yhoan Manuel Jiménez , Tarik Johnston , Cristhian Mena , Urbani Mota , Carlos Peralta , Pedro Reynoso , Jorge Luis Romero and Egbert Rosa , album producers ; La Industria Inc S.A.S and South Point Studios , album recording engineers ; Edgar González , Mena and Carlos Paucar , album mixers ; Tom Coyne , Mike Fuller and Esteban J. Piñero , album mastering engineers ) Juanes - Mis Planes Son Amarte ( Juanes , Alejandro Patiño and Alejandro Ramirez , album producers ; Josh Gudwin , album mixer ; Tom Coyne , album mastering engineer ) Mon Laferte - La Trenza ( Manú Jalil and Mon Laferte , album producers ; Eduardo Del Águila and Alán Ortiz , album recording engineers ; Eduardo Del Águila , album mixer ; Chalo González , album mastering engineer ) Natalia Lafourcade - Musas ( Un Homenaje al Folclore Latinoamericano en Manos de Los Macorinos , Vol . 1 ) ( Cheche Alara and Gustavo Guerrero , album producers ; Héctor Castillo , album recording engineer ; Noah Georgeson , album mixer ; Gavin Lurssen , album mastering engineer ) Residente - Residente ( Rafael Arcaute , Goran Bregovic , Francis Pérez , Residente and Trooko , album producers ; Arcaute , Beatriz Artola , Alex Berdz , Brandon Bost , Phil Joly , Hubert Kofi Anti , Ogi Radivojevic , Supa Saï and Carlos Velásquez , album recording engineers ; Tom Elmhirst , album mixer ; Ted Jensen , album mastering engineer ) Shakira - El Dorado ( The Arcade , Nasri Atweh , Black M. , Andrés Castro , Chan El Genio , Dwayne Supa Dups Chin-Quee , Dadju , Nicky Jam , Kevin Jiménez ADG , D'Lesly Dice Lora , Maluma , Luis Fernando Ochoa , Rayito For Los Tailors , Jean Rodríguez , Geoffrey Royce Rojas , Shakira , Dany Synthé , Carlos Vives and Saga WhiteBlack , album producers ; Luis Barrera Jr. , Rudy Bethancourt , Ray Charles Brown Jr. , Lincoln Castañeda , Andrés Castro , Gustavo Celis , Chan El Genio , Dave Clauss , Carlos Hernández Carbonell , Kevin Jiménez , Andre Nascimbeni , Redeyes , Jean Rodríguez and Saga WhiteBlack , album recording engineers ; Dave Clauss , Carlos Hernández Carbonell , Alfredo Matheus and Saga WhiteBlack , album mixers ; Adam Ayan , album mastering engineer ) Danay Suárez - Palabras Manuales ( Roberto Fonseca , Stephen Marley , Jason Matthews , Idan Raichel , Gilad Shmueli , Danay Suárez and Alain Vázquez , album producers ; Waldy Domínguez , Delio Ferrero Moreira , Carlos Hervia González , PT Najera , Idan Raichel , Chris Romero , Gennaro Schiano , Gilad Shmueli and Andrew Yeomanson , album recording engineers ; Yair Goren , Stephen Marley , Jason Matthews , Idan Raichel , Schiano , Shmueli , Suárez and Yeomanson , album mixers ; Michael Fuller , album mastering engineer )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antonio_Carmona', 'summary': 'Antonio Carmona Amaya ( born 21 May 1965 ) is a Spanish gypsy singer of flamenco . He also has French nationality . from the early 1980s , he was a member of the Spanish flamenco-fusion group Ketama . that he joined after main vocalist Ray Heredia left . The band also included José Soto also known as Sorderita . Ketama in its latest set-up included Antonio Carmona as main vocalist along with his brother , Juan José Carmona Amaya known as El Camborio , and his cousin , José Miguel Carmona Niño known as Josemi . After break-up of the band in 2004 , Carmona developed his own solo career and a series of solo albums including the debut album Vengo Venenoso published in 2006 by UNiversal Records and had collaborations with La Mala Rodriguez , Juanes and Alejandro Sanz . This was followed by the album De Noche in 2011 which included the single El Camino De Los Sueños featuring Nelly Furtado . It also had collaborations with Spanish singer Concha Buika . He appeared in 1988 in Berlín Blues directed by Ricardo Franco . He had a lead role with Portuguese actress Maria de Medeiros in the 1997 film Go for Gold ! directed by Lucien Segura .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Obras_Son_Amores', 'summary': 'Obras Son Amores is a studio album by Spanish singer Antonio Carmona , released on March 31 , 2017 by Universal Music Latin Entertainment . Carmona spent five years working with different artists on songs to be included on the album . Alex Cuba , Claudia Brant , Juanes , Luis Enrique Mejía , Fernando Osorio , Pablo Rosenberg , and Alejandro Sanz , are among the featured artists on the record . Upon its release , Obras Son Amores received favorable reviews from music critics , with a critic praising Carmona for his inspiration for the recording , and another naming the album a gift for the senses . The album debuted at number three in the Top 100 Albums chart in Spain , and , at the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , it was nominated for Album of the Year . To promote the album , two singles have been released , Mencanta and Dale Luz .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vicente_García_(musician)', 'summary': 'Vicente García Guillén ( born March 30 , 1983 ) is a Dominican musician , singer and composer . He is the former lead singer of the Dominican alternative rock band Calor Urbano , which he left in 2010 to pursue a solo career . Garcia has collaborated in concerts with renowned artists like Juan Luis Guerra , Alejandro Sanz , Cultura Profetica , Juanes , Ximena Sariñana and Maná among others .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eduardo_Cabra_(Visitante)', 'summary': 'Eduardo José Cabra Martínez ( born September 10 , 1978 in Santurce , San Juan , Puerto Rico ) , better known by his stage name Visitante Calle 13 or simply Visitante , is a Puerto Rican musician , multi-instrumentalist and musical composer of the Puerto Rican band Calle 13 , which also includes his siblings Ileana Cabra ( ILE ) and René ( Residente ) . They began their career making alternative reggaeton , but have moved away from the genre , taking an experimental and varied approach to music , with their lyrics being more geared to social and political concerns which combines hip hop and urban with various Latin American musical styles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nicky_Jam', 'summary': 'Nick Rivera Caminero ( born March 17 , 1981 ) , known professionally as Nicky Jam , is a Latin trap , reggaeton singer and songwriter. < re He is best known for hits such as X , Travesuras , Te Busco , El Perdón , Hasta el Amanecer , and El Amante , the latter three from his 2017 album Fénix . He is also known for making romantic songs within the reggaeton genre . He has frequently collaborated with other latin artists such as Daddy Yankee , J Balvin , Ozuna , and Anuel AA .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fénix_(Nicky_Jam_album)', 'summary': 'Fénix is the sixth studio album by American singer Nicky Jam . It was released on January 20 , 2017 , by Industria Inc. , Sony Music Latin and RCA Records . The album proved to be a massive hit and gained Nicky Jam worldwide recognition . It was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Coyne_(music_engineer)', 'summary': 'Thomas J. Coyne ( December 10 , 1954 - April 12 , 2017 ) was an American mastering engineer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mike_Fuller', 'summary': 'Michael Darwin Fuller ( born April 7 , 1953 ) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for eight seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the Auburn Tigers . Fuller grew up in Mobile , Alabama , where he played football for John Shaw High School . While at Auburn University , he was named to the All-SEC first team for the 1973 and 1974 seasons . As a safety in the NFL , Fuller intercepted 17 passes , which he returned for 176 yards and a touchdown , and recovered 14 fumbles ( 9 on offense , 5 on defense ) . He was also a kick returner on special teams . In his 8 NFL seasons , he gained 1,701 yards returning kickoffs and 2,660 yards returning punts , with 2 touchdowns and a 10.6 yards per return average . Fuller recorded a 27-yard punt return in a 1981 AFC divisional playoff game against the Buffalo Bills and a 17-yard punt return in Super Bowl XVI .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Juanes', 'summary': "Juan Esteban Aristizábal Vásquez ( born August 9 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Juanes , is a Colombian musician who was a member of the rock band Ekhymosis and is now a solo artist . In 2000 , his solo debut album Fíjate Bien won three Latin Grammy Awards . According to his record label , Juanes has sold more than 15 million albums worldwide . Raised in Colombia , Juanes began playing piano at age two . When Juanes was 17 , he started his first band , Ekhymosis , in 1988 , which went on to release Eight albums , achieving recognition in his native country of Colombia . The track Dos from the album Niño Gigante in 1992 was very popular . In 1997 after the band broke up , Juanes continued solo and in 2000 he released the album , Fíjate Bien , which earned him three Latin Grammys . His follow-up album , Un Día Normal , was released in 2000 and was later certified platinum in Guatemala and Uruguay throughout Latin America . Juanes ' third album , Mi Sangre ( 2004 ) , which became an international bestseller , managing to position well in a number of countries around the world , achieved success due to the single La Camisa Negra . He has since released La Vida . Es Un Ratico ( 2007 ) and P.A.R.C.E . ( 2010 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mis_Planes_Son_Amarte', 'summary': "Mis planes son amarte ( English : My Plans Are to Love You ) is the seventh studio album by Colombian recording artist Juanes . The album won Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop/Rock Album at the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards . The album is also Juanes 's first to feature a song in English , Goodbye for Now ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tom_Coyne_(music_engineer)', 'summary': 'Thomas J. Coyne ( December 10 , 1954 - April 12 , 2017 ) was an American mastering engineer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mon_Laferte', 'summary': 'Norma Monserrat Bustamante Laferte ( born 2 May 1983 ) , known professionally as Mon Laferte , is a Chilean singer , songwriter and actress who is currently the most listened to Chilean artist on Spotify worldwide [ citation needed ] . She is also the Chilean artist with the most nominations in a single edition of the Latin Grammy Awards ( 5 in 2017 ) . To date she has sold in Latin America 1,500,000 digital copies between albums and singles , making her the Chilean singer with the most sales in the digital era . Some of her most outstanding successes are Tormento , Amor completo , Si tú me quisieras , Tu falta de querer , Amárrame and Mi buen amor . She received a Latin Grammy in 2017 for Best Alternative Song for Amárrame .'}, {'url': '/wiki/La_Trenza', 'summary': "La Trenza it is the fifth studio album of the Chilean singer Mon Laferte . Released on 28 April 2017 . At the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards the album received two nominations , Album of the Year and Best Alternative Music Album while the album 's lead single Amárrame received three , Song of the Year , Record of the Year and Best Alternative Song winning the later , this one being the first Latin Grammy Award for Laferte ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalia_Lafourcade', 'summary': "María Natalia Lafourcade Silva ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maˈɾi.a naˈtalja lafouɾˈkaðe ˈsilβa ] ; born 26 February 1984 ) is a Mexican pop-rock singer and songwriter who since her debut in 2003 has been one of the most successful singers in the pop rock scene in Latin America . Lafourcade 's voice has been categorized as a lyric soprano ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Musas_(album)', 'summary': 'Musas : Un Homenaje al Folclore Latinoamericano en Manos de Los Macorinos , Vol 1 ( English : Muses : An Homage to Latin American Folklore in the Hands of Los Macorinos , Volume 1 ) , shortened to Musas ( Muses ) , is the seventh studio album by Mexican recording artist Natalia Lafourcade in collaboration with the acoustic guitar duo Los Macorinos . It was released on May 5 , 2017 . Musas received a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Album of the Year at the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cheche_Alara', 'summary': "Ezequiel Cheche Alara is a Grammy and Latin Grammy-winning music composer , producer , music director , conductor and keyboardist . He is the composer for The Titan Games on NBC ( hosted by Dwayne The Rock Johnson ) , Death by Magic ( Netflix ) , To Tell The Truth ( ABC ) . He has been the Musical Director and Conductor for the Grammy Awards Premiere Show ( 2017 and 2019 ) , six editions of the Latin Grammys Person of the Year Concert galas ( Placido Domingo , Caetano Veloso , Alejandro Sanz , Shakira , Miguel Bosé and José Jose ) , Mike Patton , Jordan Smith 's PBS Christmas Special ( featuring David Foster ) for various of the American Idol concert tours ' , The Tonight Show , and for touring and recording musicians including Christina Aguilera , Pink , Thalía , and Lady Gaga . He has produced albums for Natalia Lafourcade , including Musas Vol . 1 ( winner of the 2017 Latin Grammy for Best Folk Album , and 2018 Grammy nominee for Best Latin Pop Album ) , and Musas Vol . 2 ( winner of the 2018 Latin Grammy for Best Folk Album , and 2019 Grammy nominee for Best Latin Pop Album ) , Claudia Brant ( winner of the 2019 Grammmy for Best Latin Pop Album ) , Il Volo , Estopa , Thalía , and many others . As a producer , Cheche has multiple nominations for Grammys and Latin Grammys , including Album of the Year and Song of the Year ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Noah_Georgeson', 'summary': "Noah Georgeson is a Grammy-winning musician , producer , engineer , mixer and solo recording artist . Georgeson 's debut album Find Shelter was released through Plain Recordings on November 28 , 2006 . Born in San Anselmo , California , he moved with his family to Nevada City , California at the age of three . Georgeson studied classical guitar and music composition , receiving his BA in composition from San Francisco State University in 2001 , and , with a recommendation from Terry Riley , he attended Mills College , receiving his Master of Fine Arts in 2003 . While at Mills , Georgeson studied with Fred Frith , Pauline Oliveros , and Alvin Curran . Georgeson first found popular success as a part of San Francisco band The Pleased , along with fellow member Joanna Newsom , whose debut album The Milk-Eyed Mender he produced . As a musician , producer , and mixer , Georgeson has since worked with Devendra Banhart , The Strokes , Little Joy , Bert Jansch , Mason Jennings , Cedric Bixler , Adam Green , Os Mutantes , Adan Jodorowsky , Harper Simon , Flo Morrissey , Cate Le Bon , Rodrigo Amarante , Andy Shauf , and Natalia Lafourcade . He is managed by GPS management ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gavin_Lurssen', 'summary': "Gavin Lurssen is a mastering engineer . He owns Lurssen Mastering in Hollywood , California . Lurssen 's Grammy Award-winning work includes Raising Sand , a collaborative album featuring Alison Krauss and Robert Plant , and the soundtrack for the Coen Brothers film , O Brother , Where Art Thou ? . He has also mastered recordings by Tom Waits , Sheryl Crow , Loretta Lynn , Matchbox Twenty , T-Bone Burnett , Jennette McCurdy and many others ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Residente', 'summary': 'René Juan Pérez Joglar ( born February 23 , 1978 ) , known professionally as Residente ( often stylized as Resīdεntә ) , is a Puerto Rican rapper , writer , filmmaker , and also one of the founders of the Puerto Rican alternative rap group Calle 13 . He has won four Grammy Awards and 25 Latin Grammy Awards -- more than any other Latin artist . He studied art for 8 years and has directed some of his own music videos . His lyrics have earned him the respect of many music colleagues and critics and have even been studied as part of school and university courses . He has been recognized for his social contributions and serves as the face of campaigns for UNICEF and Amnesty International . He has consistently defended education in Latin America and the rights of indigenous peoples . In 2009 he referred to the governor of Puerto Rico Luis Fortuño as an SOB for laying off more than 30,000 public employees . In November 2015 , Residente received a recognition award in Barcelona at the World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates forum due to his commitment to social awareness and for promoting peace .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Residente_(album)', 'summary': "Residente ( stylized as Resīdεntә ) is the debut solo album from Puerto Rican rapper of same name , released on March 31 , 2017 , during the hiatus of his main band Calle 13 . Following a DNA test which revealed that he descends from people of multiple parts of the world , Residente felt inspired to visit those locations and record with local musicians . The trips resulted in a 13-track album , two of which ( Somos Anormales and Desencuentro ) were released as singles and received promotional videos . A documentary and book ( both homonymous to the album ) were also prepared based on his journey . A world tour will follow the album 's release with shows in France , Germany , Spain , Denmark , Switzerland , Netherlands , Argentina , Chile , Mexico and Puerto Rico ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shakira', 'summary': "Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( /ʃəˈkɪərə/ ; Spanish : [ ʃaˈkiɾa ] ; born February 2 , 1977 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter , dancer , record producer , and actress . Born and raised in Barranquilla , she made her recording debut under Sony Music Colombia at the age of 13 . Following the commercial failure of her first two Colombian albums , Magia ( 1991 ) and Peligro ( 1993 ) , she rose to prominence in Spanish-speaking countries with her next albums , Pies Descalzos ( 1995 ) and Dónde Están los Ladrones ? ( 1998 ) . Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album , Laundry Service ( 2001 ) . It sold over 13 million copies and spawned the international number-one singles Whenever , Wherever and Underneath Your Clothes . Her success was further solidified with the Spanish albums Fijación Oral , Vol . 1 ( 2005 ) , Sale el Sol ( 2010 ) , and El Dorado ( 2017 ) , all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and were certified diamante by the Recording Industry Association of America . Meanwhile , her English albums Oral Fixation , Vol . 2 ( 2005 ) , She Wolf ( 2009 ) and Shakira ( 2014 ) were all certified gold , platinum , or multi-platinum in various countries worldwide . Some of her songs have charted at number one in multiple countries , including La Tortura , Hips Do n't Lie , Beautiful Liar , Waka Waka ( This Time for Africa ) , Loca , and Chantaje . Shakira served as a coach on two seasons of the American singing competition television series The Voice from 2013 to 2014 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Dorado_(Shakira_album)', 'summary': "El Dorado ( As the mythical golden city El Dorado ) is the eleventh studio album by Colombian singer Shakira , released on 26 May 2017 , by Sony Music Latin . The album is mainly sung in Spanish , with three songs in English . After her self-titled tenth studio album ( 2014 ) , Shakira had her second child , suffered from writer 's block and was uncertain about the future of her career . However , her collaboration on La Bicicleta with Carlos Vives and support from her boyfriend , Gerard Piqué , encouraged Shakira to continue to work on music . Inspired by her personal life and experiences , El Dorado primarily features songs about the singer 's relationship with Piqué . Shakira enlisted longtime collaborator Luis Fernando Ochoa , as well as new producers Supa Dups , Rude Boyz and The Arcade . Sonically , the album is a mixture of Latin pop and reggaeton , with influences from bachata , vallenato and electronic pop . The album features six vocal collaborations : two with Colombian singer Maluma , and one each with Nicky Jam , Vives , Prince Royce , Black M , and Magic ! . Music critics commended the album 's coherency , and its fun yet mature nature . Other critics felt El Dorado lacked creativity and relied too heavily on previously-released collaborations . The album debuted in the top ten of album charts in Argentina , Austria , France , Spain and Switzerland . It also peaked at number one on the US Top Latin Albums and number fifteen on the Billboard 200 chart ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Maluma_(singer)', 'summary': "Juan Luis Londoño Arias ( born 28 January 1994 ) , known professionally as Maluma , is a Colombian singer , songwriter , and actor signed to Sony Music Colombia , Sony Latin and Fox Music . Born and raised in Medellín , he developed an interest in music at a young age , and began recording songs at age 16 . He released his debut album , Magia , a year later in 2012 . However , his breakthrough album was 2015 's Pretty Boy , Dirty Boy , which led to successful collaborations with artists Thalía , Shakira and Ricky Martin . He released F.A.M.E . in 2018 , to further commercial success . He followed it up with 11:11 , released the next year . Maluma has several singles that have charted within the top 10 on Billboard Hot Latin Songs , including Felices los 4 , Borró Cassette , El Perdedor and Corazón . He has worked with several international artists such as Thalía , Shakira , XXXTentacion , Anitta and Madonna . His collaborative efforts Chantaje with Shakira and Medellín with Madonna have reached the top of the Hot Latin Songs . He has won a Latin Grammy Award , two Latin American Music Awards , and been nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album . Musically , Maluma 's songs have been described as reggaeton , Latin trap , and pop ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rayito', 'summary': 'Antonio Rayo ( born 1982 ) , best known as Rayito , is a Spanish musician of Gitano and Japanese heritage . His father , a flamenco guitarist , taught him to play the instrument at a young age , and at the age of four years he was already giving concerts and winning television contests . By age eight he was famous throughout Spain as a virtuoso of flamenco guitar , and in 1992 , at age ten , he released his first album , Rayito en Concierto . Thus he became the youngest person accepted into the SGAE , the Spanish equivalent of ASCAP . At age 15 he moved to Miami , where he collaborated with artists including Luciano Pavarotti , Plácido Domingo , Julio Iglesias , Paulina Rubio , Ricky Martin , and David Bisbal . In June 2005 he moved again to Puerto Rico , where he began work on a new project of his own . The product was his eponymous second album , which he released on September 26 , 2006 . He describes it as a flamenco pop album that draws on reggae , hip hop , Caribbean rhythms , and Latin American styles . Rayo signed a publishing deal with Sony in January 2009 . He has worked with David Bisbal , Paulina Rubio , and Rihanna , among other artists .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Prince_Royce', 'summary': 'Geoffrey Royce Rojas ( born May 11 , 1989 ) , known professionally as Prince Royce , is an American singer and songwriter of Dominican descent . At an early age , Royce took an interest in music , and in his teenage years began experimenting with music and writing poetry . By age nineteen , Royce met Andrés Hidalgo , who became his manager . Hidalgo later introduced Royce to record producer Sergio George , who immediately signed him to his label after hearing three of his demos . In March 2010 , Royce released his eponymous debut studio album , which generated two commercially successful singles , Stand by Me and Corazón Sin Cara . In the United States , both songs reached number-one on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart , while Corazón Sin Cara reached number-one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart . The album itself reached number-one on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums and Tropical Albums charts . Royce received three awards at the Billboard Latin Music Awards in 2011 , which included Tropical Album of the Year . On April 10 , 2012 , Royce released his second studio album , Phase II , which reached number-one on both the US Latin Albums and Tropical Albums charts . The album featured the singles Las Cosas Pequeñas and Incondicional and was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Fusion Album . His third studio album , Soy el Mismo , was released on October 8 , 2013 , preceded by the single Darte un Beso . The album earned Royce his second nomination for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Tropical Album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carlos_Vives', 'summary': 'Carlos Alberto Vives Restrepo ( born 7 August 1961 ) is a Colombian singer , songwriter and actor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Danay_Suárez', 'summary': 'Danay Suárez ( born Danay Suárez Fernández c. 1985 ) is a Cuban R & B and rap singer . She has gained attention in Europe , mainly in France . She appeared at the Banlieues Bleues festival April 8 , 2011 and has appeared on national television in France . She got her start in the music industry in 2007 with a cold call to Cuban fusion king X-Alfonso . Her work with X-Alfonso led to her discovery a few years later by Gilles Peterson . Gilles Peterson included her on the first Havana Cultura album . She has also released a CD under her name . Billboard named her one of their 10 up-and-coming reggaeton artists in an August 2014 article . In 2017 , she was nominated for four Latin Grammys in various categories , including Best New Artist and Album of the Year .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/19th_Annual_Latin_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on November 15 , 2018 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas .'}]}, {'value': 'Luis Miguel Luis Miguel & David Reitzas , album producers ; David Reitzas & Jess Sutcliffe , album recording engineers ; David Reitzas , album mixer ; José Alfredo Jiménez , songwriter ; Eric Boulanger & David Reitzas , album mastering engineers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Miguel', 'summary': "Luis Miguel Gallego Basteri ( born 19 April 1970 ) is a Puerto Rican-born Mexican singer and icon in Latin America , often referred to as El Sol de México ( The Sun of Mexico ) . He is widely regarded by many as the most successful artist in Latin American history , having successfully performed in a wide range of musical styles , including pop , ballads , boleros , tangos , jazz , big band and mariachi . Luis Miguel is also recognized as the only Latin singer of his generation to not crossover to the anglo market during the Latin Explosion in the 1990s . Despite singing only in Spanish , he continued to be the best selling Latin artist in the 1990s , and was credited for popularizing the bolero genre into the mainstream market . To date , he has sold over 100 million records worldwide . Latin pop music , along with his personal life and showmanship on stage , has made Luis Miguel popular for nearly his entire career , which started in Mexico in 1982 . Having won his first Grammy Award at the age of fourteen for his duet Me Gustas Tal Como Eres with Sheena Easton , he is the youngest male artist in music history to have received this accolade . In 1991 , the RIAA recognized the high sales for his 1991 album Romance , itself being the third best-selling music album in Mexico , and one of the best-selling Spanish language albums of all time . He was the first Latin artist to have been awarded two Platinum certified Spanish-language albums in the United States with Romance and Segundo Romance the latter earning him 35 platinum records throughout Central and South America . He is also recognized by Billboard , as the artist with the most top 10 hits on the Billboard 's Hot Latin Songs chart . His album Complices was released in 2008 and peaked at No.10 on the Billboard 200 ; it is the highest position a fully Spanish composed album has reached . His most recent album ¡México Por Siempre !"}]}, {'value': '¡México Por Siempre !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/¡México_Por_Siempre!', 'summary': '¡México Por Siempre ! stylized as ¡MÉXICO Por Siempre ! ( Forever Mexico ) is the 20th studio album by Mexican singer Luis Miguel . The album was released by Warner Music Mexico on 24 November 2017 . The album won two Latin Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year , and also the Grammy Award for Best Regional Mexican Music Album .'}]}, {'value': 'Pablo Alborán - Prometo ( Julio Reyes Copello , album producer ; Carlos Fernando López , Ricardo López Lalinde , Natalia Ramírez & Julio Reyes Copello , album recording engineers ; Javier Garza , Carlos Fernando López , Trevor Muzzy & Julio Reyes Copello , album mixers ; Pablo Alborán , songwriter ; Antonio Baglio , album mastering engineer ) J Balvin - Vibras ( [ [ Childsplay , Dj Chuckie , Marco Masís , Carlos E. Ortiz , Pardo , Alejandro Ramírez , Juan G. Rivera & Willy William , album producers ; Phil Greiss , Josh Gudwin , Alejandro Patiño & Juan G. Rivera , album mixers ; J Balvin , Jesús M. Nieves Cortes , Marco Masís & Alejandro Ramírez , songwriters ; Dave Kutch , album mastering engineer ) Chico Buarque - Caravanas ( Vinicius França & Luiz Claudio Ramos , album producers ; Lucas Ariel , Gabriel Pinheiro & Fernando Prado , album recording engineers ; Gabriel Pinheiro , album mixer ; Chico Buarque , songwriter ; Luiz Tornaghi , album mastering engineer ) Jorge Drexler - Salvavidas de Hielo ( Carles Campi Campón & Jorge Drexler , album producers ; Carles Campi Campón , Ernesto García & Pablo Martín Jones , album recording engineers ; Matías Cella , album mixer ; Jorge Drexler , songwriter ; Fred Kevorkian , album mastering engineer ) El David Aguilar - Siguiente ( David Bravou , Juan Cubas , Guillermo Durán , El David Aguilar , Juan García Álvarez , Pere George , Carlos González , Ulises Hadjis , Hernán Hecht , Alberto Hernández , Miguel Inzunza , Alejandro Jiménez , Demián Jiménez , Carlos Mier , Diego Mier , Herman Nunes , Luca Ortega , Alan Saucedo & Ignacio Sotelo , album producers ; David Bravou , Juan Cubas , Guillermo Durán , Juan García Álvarez , Carlos González , Ulises Hadjis , Hernán Hecht , Miguel Inzunza , Demián Jiménez , Diego Mier , Herman Nunes , Luca Ortega & Alan Saucedo , album recording engineers ; Ignacio Sotelo , album mixer ; El David Aguilar , songwriter ; Juan García Álvarez , album mastering engineer ) Kany García - Soy Yo ( Residente , Marcos Sánchez , Trooko & Afo Verde , album producers ; Larry Coll , José E. Díaz , Orlando Ferrer , Luca Germini , Iván Belvis Navarro , Marcos Sánchez & Carlos Velázquez , album recording engineers ; Beatriz Artola , album mixer ; Kany García , songwriter ; Eduardo Ramos , album mastering engineer ) Natalia Lafourcade - Musas : Un Homenaje al Folclore Latinoamericano en Manos de Los Macorinos , Vol . 2 ( Cheche Alara , Kiko Campos & Gustavo Guerrero , album producers ; Rubén López Arista , Daniel Bitrán Arizpe & Héctor Castillo , album recording engineers ; Rubén López Arista & Noah Georgeson , album mixers ; Natalia Lafourcade , songwriter ; Gavin Lurssen , album mastering engineer ) Monsieur Periné - Encanto Tropical ( Eduardo Cabra , Catalina García Barahona & Santiago Prieto Sarabia , album producers ; Eduardo Cabra , Uriel Dorfman , Santiago Prieto Sarabia & Alan Saucedo , album recording engineers ; Fab Dupont & Harold Sanders , album mixers ; Catalina García Bahona & Santiago Prieto Sarabia , songwriters ; Diego Calviño & Pablo López Ruíz , album mastering engineers ) Rozalén - Cuando El Río Suena ... ( Adrián García , Ismael Guijarro & Sebastián Schon , album producers ; Jordi Gil , Ismael Guijarro , Manu Pájaro , Santiago Quizhpe , José María Rosillo & Sebastián Schon , album recording engineers ; Felipe Guevara , José Maria Rosillo , Eduardo Ruíz , Sebastián Schon & Oscar Vinader , album mixers ; Rozalén , songwriter ; Juan Hidalgo & Mike Kalajian , album mastering engineers )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pablo_Alborán', 'summary': 'Pablo Moreno de Alborán Ferrándiz [ a ] ( born 31 May 1989 in Málaga ) popularly known as Pablo Alborán , is a Spanish musician , singer , and songwriter . In 2011 , he was nominated for three Latin Grammy Awards . Alborán has released three studio albums , two live albums , and various musical collaborations . His records are distributed by Warner Music which debuted in 2010 with their first official release , Solamente Tú , the first single from his debut album Pablo Alboran ( 2011 ) , released in February 2011 . The album ranked No . 1 in its first week of sales , making Alborán the first solo artist to sign a complete debut album to rank to the top since 1998 in Spain . A few months after releasing his first album , it was published in acoustic as the first recorded live concert by the singer . Several weeks after it debuted to the top in Spain , it was launched in Portugal , getting to be No . 1 for several weeks . Of all his singles , two stand out in terms of popularity : Solamente tú and Perdóname which he sang together with singer Carminho , being number one in sales , both in Spain and in Portugal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Prometo', 'summary': 'Prometo ( transl . I Promise ) is the fourth studio album by Spanish singer-songwriter Pablo Alborán . The album was announced on 9 October 2017 and was released on 17 November 2017 through Warner Music . In an interview with Billboard , Alborán explained the title as .a promise to myself , to be honest to my emotions -- and at the same time , a promise to my fans . I promise to make music until death . On the other hand , I think that when you promise , you build up courage and maturity . We feel secure to fulfill that promise .'}, {'url': '/wiki/J_Balvin', 'summary': 'José Álvaro Osorio Balvín ( born May 7 , 1985 ) is a Colombian reggaeton singer . Balvin was born in Medellín , Colombia . At age 17 , he moved to the United States . He moved to Oklahoma and New York to learn English . He then returned to Medellín and gained popularity performing at clubs in the city . He was the first Latino artist to be a Lolapalooza headliner . His breakthrough came in 2014 with the single 6 AM featuring Puerto Rican singer Farruko which peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart . In 2016 , he released Energia , which included the hit singles Ginza , Bobo , Safari , and Sigo Extrañándote . In June 2017 , J Balvin released the single Mi Gente with Willy William . On August 1 , 2017 , Mi Gente topped the Global Top 50 on Spotify , and later reached one billion views on YouTube . In January 2018 , he released the hit single Machika featuring Jeon and Anitta . He collaborated with Cardi B and Bad Bunny on the US Billboard Hot 100 number-one single I Like It , which was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vibras', 'summary': 'Vibras ( English : Vibes ) is the fifth studio album by Colombian reggaeton singer J Balvin released on 25 May 2018 through Universal Latin . The album was promoted with five singles , including the international hit , Mi Gente , which was released as the lead single of the album .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chico_Buarque', 'summary': 'Francisco Chico Buarque de Hollanda , popularly known simply as Chico Buarque ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈʃiku buˈaʁki ] ; born June 19 , 1944 ) is a Brazilian singer-songwriter , guitarist , composer , playwright , writer and poet . He is best known for his music , which often includes social , economic and cultural commentary on Brazil . The firstborn son of Sérgio Buarque de Hollanda , Buarque lived at several locations throughout his childhood , though mostly in Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo and Rome . He wrote and studied literature as a child and found music through the bossa nova compositions of Tom Jobim and João Gilberto . He performed as a singer and guitarist the 1960s as well as writing a play that was deemed dangerous by the Brazilian military dictatorship of the time . Buarque , along with several Tropicalist and MPB musicians , was threatened by the Brazilian military government and eventually left Brazil for Italy in 1969 . However , he came back to Brazil in 1970 , and continued to record , perform , and write , though much of his material was suppressed by government censors . He released several more albums in the 1980s and published three novels in the 1990s and 2000s .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jorge_Drexler', 'summary': 'Jorge Abner Drexler Prada ( born September 21 , 1964 ) is a Uruguayan musician , actor and doctor specializing in otolaryngology . In 2004 , Drexler won wide acclaim after becoming the first Uruguayan to win an Academy Award , which he won for composing the song Al Otro Lado del Río from The Motorcycle Diaries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kany_García', 'summary': 'Encarnita Kany García de Jesús ( born September 25 , 1982 ) is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter . Born in Toa Baja , Puerto Rico , García first appeared on television in 2004 as a contestant on Objetivo Fama . She is widely considered the most successful non-winner in the history of the show . In 2006 , García signed a recording contract with Sony BMG , releasing her debut album Cualquier Día ( 2007 ) , which was a commercial success , spawning four top 40 singles on the Billboard Latin Tracks . With great praise for her work , she has been nominated for six Latin Grammy Awards and two Grammy Awards , and has won Best Female Pop Vocal Album for Cualquier Día and Best New Artist in 2008 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Soy_Yo_(Kany_García_album)', 'summary': "Soy Yo is the fifth studio album by singer-songwriter Kany García . The album was released on May 18 , 2018 . The album debuted at number four on Billboard Latin Album charts . Soy Yo is Garcia 's fifth top 10 effort , and marks just the second album by a woman to debut in the top five on Top Latin Albums in 2018 . The album was included in Billboard magazine 's The 50 Best Albums of 2018 ( So Far ) . Soy Yo was included on Billboard 's The 50 Best Latin Albums of the Decade ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Natalia_Lafourcade', 'summary': "María Natalia Lafourcade Silva ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maˈɾi.a naˈtalja lafouɾˈkaðe ˈsilβa ] ; born 26 February 1984 ) is a Mexican pop-rock singer and songwriter who since her debut in 2003 has been one of the most successful singers in the pop rock scene in Latin America . Lafourcade 's voice has been categorized as a lyric soprano ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Monsieur_Periné', 'summary': "Monsieur Periné is a Bogotá-based musical ensemble from Colombia with an Afro-Colombian sound that mixes Latin and European flavors . Lead singer Catalina García sings in a mixture of Spanish , French , English , and Portuguese . Other members include Nicolás Junca on the guitar ; Santiago Prieto , who plays the charango , violin , and guitar ; Adinda Meertins on the double bass ; Jairo Alfonso on the winds ( primarily saxophone and clarinet ) ; Abstin Caviedes on the trombone and bugle ; Miguel Guerra on percussion ; and Darwin Baez on the drums . Their style mixes elements of cumbia , tango , danzón , bolero and pop music , according to the San Diego Union Tribune . At the Latin Grammy Awards , the ensemble was named best new artist of 2015 . Their debut album in 2012 won Colombia 's national gold album award . The group was formed in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/20th_Annual_Latin_Grammy_Awards', 'summary': 'The 20th Annual Latin Grammy Awards was held on Thursday , November 14 , 2019 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas , Nevada and was broadcast on Univision . The telecast marked the 20th anniversary of the Latin Grammy Awards and honored outstanding achievements in Latin music released from June 1 , 2018 to May 31 , 2019 . Juanes was honored as the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year on the night prior to the telecast . Nominations were announced on September 24 , 2019 . Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz led nominations with eight . Rosalía and Alejandro Sanz had the most wins with three awards each .'}]}, {'value': 'Rosalía El Guincho and Rosalía , album producers ; El Guincho , album recording engineer ; Jaycen Joshua , album mixer ; Antón Álvarez Alfaro , El Guincho and Rosalía , songwriters ; Chris Athens , album mastering engineer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosalía_(singer)', 'summary': 'Rosalía Vila Tobella ( born 25 September 1993 ) , known mononymously as Rosalía ( stylized as ROSALÍA ) , is a Spanish singer and songwriter . Initially known for her contemporary interpretations of flamenco music , Rosalía received international attention after several collaborations with artists such Kylie Cortez , Lil Baby , J Balvin , Pharrell Williams , and James Blake . She has received various accolades , including five Latin Grammy Awards and a Grammy Award .'}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Guincho', 'summary': "Pablo Díaz-Reixa ( born 17 November 1983 ) , better known by his stage name El Guincho , is a Spanish musician , singer and record producer . Also a member of Coconot , Díaz-Reixa rose to prominence with his 2008 album , Alegranza ! . His musical style relies heavily on the use of sampling and incorporates elements of Afrobeat , dub , tropicália and rock and roll . Díaz-Reixa achieves what he 's described as a kind of space-age exotica . He utilizes a Roland SP-404 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/C._Tangana', 'summary': 'Antón Álvarez Alfaro ( born July 16 , 1990 ) , better known as C. Tangana , is a Spanish rapper from Madrid , Spain . He is a member of the rap group Agorazein together with Sticky M.A . ( formerly known as Manto ) , Jerv.Agz. , Fabianni and I-Ace . He began his musical career in 2006 , under the pseudonym of Crema , with a demo called ElesCrema .'}]}, {'value': 'El Mal Querer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_mal_querer', 'summary': "El mal querer ( English : The Bad Loving ) is the second studio album by Spanish singer Rosalía , released on 2 November 2018 through Sony Music . The album was written by Rosalía and co-produced with El Guincho . Presented as experimental and conceptual , revolving around a toxic relationship , the album was inspired by the anonymous 13th-century Occitan novel Flamenca . Promotion prior to the album release encompassed the release of four singles : Malamente , Pienso en tu mirá - both accompanied by viral videos due to their elaborate aesthetics and poetic symbolism - Di mi nombre , and Bagdad . Other promotional initiatives included the display of a billboard on Times Square , as well as live performances at several Spanish festivals , the 2018 MTV Europe Music Awards and the Latin Grammy Awards . The album received critical acclaim for its experimental production , the use of flamenco elements and Rosalía 's vocals . It became a commercial success reaching the top of the Spanish Charts and the US Billboard Latin Pop Albums Chart . Following the release of the album , the first four singles were in the top ten of the Spanish Singles Chart at the same time , with Di mi nombre becoming her first number-one single . At the 19th Latin Grammy Awards , Malamente was nominated for five awards including Record of the Year , Song of the Year , Best Short Form Music Video , Best Urban Fusion Performance and Best Alternative Song , winning the latter two , and at the next year 's ceremony , the album won for Album of the Year , Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album , Best Engineered Album and Best Recording Package , while the song Pienso en tu mirá was nominated for Best Pop Song . With six awards , it became the most awarded album by a female artist . The album won the Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock , Urban or Alternative Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Paula Arenas - Visceral Rubén Blades - Paraíso Road Gang Andrés Calamaro - Cargar la Suerte Fonseca - Agustín Luis Fonsi - Vida Alejandro Sanz - # ElDisco Ximena Sariñana - ¿Dónde Bailarán las Niñas ? Tony Succar - Más de Mi Sebastián Yatra - Fantasía', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paula_Arenas', 'summary': "Paula Arenas ( May 1 , 1988 in Bogotá , Colombia ) is a Colombian pop singer-songwriter . In 2011 and 2012 she released two extended plays with her name Paula Arenas , the following years she released a couple of singles as Me Hace Bien , Sola , Lo Que El Tiempo Dejó ( featuring Esteman ) , Excesos and Un Día Cualquiera . Lo Que El Tiempo Dejó was a top 10 hit in Colombia . [ failed verification ] Then she moved to Miami and started over her process as singer and changed her professional name to Paula . In 2016 released her first debut single called Nada produced by Julio Reyes Copello , it received a generally positive response and support in social networks from Carla Morrison and compatriot singers Juanes and Fonseca . In May 2016 she supported Alejandro Sanz as the opening act on his 'Sirope ' tour in Colombia . In 2017 she released a single called 'Tanto Tanto ' followed by her third EP Matices . She was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist at the 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rubén_Blades', 'summary': "Rubén Blades Bellido de Luna ( born July 16 , 1948 ) , known professionally as Rubén Blades ( Spanish : [ ruˈβem ˈblaðes ] , but [ - ˈbleðz ] in Panama and within the family ) , is a Panamanian singer , songwriter , actor , musician , activist , and politician , performing musically most often in the Afro-Puerto Rican , salsa , and Latin jazz genres . As a songwriter , Blades brought the lyrical sophistication of Central American nueva canción and Puerto Rico nueva trova as well as experimental tempos and politically inspired Nuyorican salsa to his music , creating thinking persons ' ( salsa ) dance music . Blades has written dozens of hit songs , including Pedro Navaja and El Cantante ( which became Héctor Lavoe 's signature song ) . He has won nine Grammy Awards out of seventeen nominations and five Latin Grammy Awards . His acting career began in 1983 , and has continued , sometimes with several-year breaks to focus on other projects . He has prominent roles in films such as Crossover Dreams ( 1985 ) , The Milagro Beanfield War ( 1988 ) , The Super ( 1991 ) , Predator 2 ( 1992 ) , Color of Night ( 1994 ) , Safe House ( 2012 ) , The Counselor ( 2013 ) and Hands of Stone ( 2016 ) , along with three Emmy Award nominations for his performances in The Josephine Baker Story ( 1991 ) , Crazy from the Heart ( 1992 ) and The Maldonado Miracle ( 2003 ) . He portrayed Daniel Salazar , a main character on the TV series Fear the Walking Dead ( 2015-2017 ; 2019-present ) . He is an icon in Panama and is much admired throughout Latin America and Spain , and managed to attract 17% of the vote in his failed attempt to win the Panamanian presidency in 1994 . In September 2004 , he was appointed minister of tourism by Panamanian president Martín Torrijos for a five-year term . He holds a Bachelor of Arts ' Law degree from the University of Panama and an LL.M in International Law from Harvard University . He is married to singer Luba Mason ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrés_Calamaro', 'summary': 'Andrés Calamaro ( Andrés Calamaro Massel , August 22 , 1961 ) , is an Argentine musician , composer and Latin Grammy winner . His former band Los Rodríguez was a major success in Spain and throughout Latin American mainly during the 1990s . He is multi-instrumentalist and became one of the main icons of Argentine rock , selling over 1.3 million records to date .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fonseca_(singer)', 'summary': "Born in Bogota , Colombia , Juan Fernando Fonseca , better known as Fonseca ( for his surname ) chose music at an early age , studying music formally at institutions such as Javeriana University in Bogota and Berklee College of Music in Boston . Fonseca 's self-titled debut gained him considerable attention in Colombia . His second album released Corazón ( 2005 ) explored the crossroads where pop/rock influences meet the vallenato , bullerengue , and tambora . Gratitud followed in 2008 , with Ilusión arriving in 2011 . Fonseca recorded Sinfónico in concert with Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional de Colombia in 2013 . Released a year later . In early 2015 , Fonseca was awarded La Musa Premio Triunfador by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame , and in May received the first-ever Contemporary Icon Award at the SESAC Latina Music Awards . In the fall , he released the album Conexión . this album included collaborations with recognized artists like Juanes and Victor Manuelle . In 2017 Fonseca launched Fundación Gratitud an important project that seeks to rescue and ensure the protection of cultural traditions . In 2018 Fonseca received La Orden de Boyacá en grado Oficial , the most important recognition given by the Colombian government as part of his work as a promoter of reconciliation and peace . Fonseca released his latest album Agustín in December 2018 which has 4 nominations for the 20th Annual Latin Grammys Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Luis_Fonsi', 'summary': "Luis Alfonso Rodríguez López-Cepero ( born April 15 , 1978 ) , known by his stage name Luis Fonsi , is a Puerto Rican singer , songwriter and actor . He is known for multiple songs , one of them being Despacito , featuring Puerto Rican rapper Daddy Yankee . Luis Fonsi received his first Latin Grammy Award nominations in Record of the Year category and won Song of the Year thanks to the song Aquí Estoy Yo . The song also won three Billboard Latin Music Awards . Despacito became Fonsi 's biggest success winning four Latin Grammy Awards , seven Billboard Latin Music Awards , five Billboard Music Awards and received three Grammy Awards nominations . He also won one Latin American Music Award for Échame la Culpa with Demi Lovato . As of 2018 , he has broken six Guinness World Records and sold more than 11 million records with Despacito . As of February 2020 , Despacito is the most-watched YouTube video of all time , with over 6.6 billion views ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Vida_(Luis_Fonsi_album)', 'summary': "Vida is the tenth studio album by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi , released on February 1 , 2019 , through Universal Music Latin Entertainment . It is Fonsi 's first album in five years , and features the singles Despacito ( both the original version and remix ) , Échame la Culpa , Calypso ( both the original version and remix ) , Imposible and Sola ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Sanz', 'summary': "Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro , better known as Alejandro Sanz ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aleˈxandɾo ˈsanθ ] ; born December 18 , 1968 ) , is a Spanish musician , singer and composer . Sanz has won 17 Latin Grammy Awards and three Grammy Awards . He has received the Latin Grammy for Album of the Year three times , more than any other artist . The singer is notable for his flamenco-influenced ballads , and has also experimented with several other genres including pop , rock , funk , R & B and jazz . Born in Madrid to parents from Andalusia , Sanz began playing guitar at age seven , taking influence from his family 's flamenco roots . Sanz released his debut album at age nineteen , although he did not gain commercial success in Spain until his second release , Viviendo Deprisa . His next two records , Si Tú Me Miras ( 1993 ) and 3 ( 1995 ) also fared well commercially , but it was his 1997 breakthrough album Más that garnered international success . El Alma al Aire followed in 2000 , selling more than a million copies in its first week . In 2002 , he became the first Spanish artist to record an MTV Unplugged album . His collaboration with Shakira on the 2005 single La Tortura reached number one on several charts worldwide . He experimented with more diverse styles of music with the albums No Es lo Mismo ( 2003 ) and El Tren de los Momentos ( 2006 ) , while his 2009 release , Paraíso Express served as a return to form for the musician . Sanz signed to Universal Music Group in 2011 and released his tenth studio album , La Música No Se Toca , in 2012 , followed by Sirope in 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/El_Disco', 'summary': 'El Disco ( stylized as # ELDISCO ) is the twelfth studio album recorded by Spanish singer-songwriter Alejandro Sanz . It was released on 5 April 2019 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ximena_Sariñana', 'summary': 'Ximena Sariñana Rivera ( Spanish : [ xiˈmena sariˈɲana ] ; born October 29 , 1985 ) is a Mexican singer-songwriter and actress . In 2009 , she received critical acclaim and a Grammy nomination for her debut album , Mediocre .'}, {'url': '/wiki/¿Dónde_Bailarán_las_Niñas?', 'summary': '¿Dónde Bailarán Las Niñas ? is the fourth album of Mexican singer and actress Ximena Sariñana .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Succar', 'summary': 'Antonio Guillermo Succar Tayrako , better known by his stage name Tony Succar , ( born 18 May 1986 ) is a Peruvian-American percussionist , composer , arranger , bandleader and producer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sebastián_Yatra', 'summary': 'Sebastián Obando Giraldo ( born October 15 , 1994 ) , known professionally as Sebastián Yatra , is a Colombian singer and songwriter . He began as a Latin pop artist and has recorded many ballads , but has released several successful reggaeton singles . Yatra is noted for his romantic lyrics , melding traditional lyricism with modern reggaeton styles . He rose to prominence in Latin America in 2016 when he released the hit Traicionera . Born in Medellín and raised primarily in Miami , Yatra began singing at a young age and returned to Colombia to begin his musical career . He achieved breakout success with Traicionera followed by Robarte un Beso featuring Carlos Vives . He then released the album Fantasia including the lead single Un Año featuring Mexican band Reik . He received continued success collaborating with Daddy Yankee , Natti Natasha , and the Jonas Brothers on the bilingual single Runaway .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Recipients', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Latin_Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year_0', 'intro': 'The Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year is an honor presented annually at the Latin Grammy Awards, a ceremony that recognizes excellence and creates a wider awareness of cultural diversity and contributions of Latin recording artists in the United States and internationally. The award is given to the performers, producers, audio engineers and mastering engineers for vocal or instrumental albums with 51% of new recorded songs. Albums of previously released recordings, such as reissues, compilations of old recordings and greatest hits albums packages are not eligible. Due to the increasing musical changes in the industry, from 2012 the category includes 10 nominees, according to a restructuration made by the academy for the four general categories: Song of the Year, Record of the Year, Best New Artist and Album of the Year. Beginning in 2018, songwriters are eligible for the accolade if 33% of the playing time are composed by them. Juan Luis Guerra has won the most awards in the category with four wins (one as a producer). Alejandro Sanz and Juanes have won three times each. They are followed by Calle 13 and Luis Miguel with two winning albums. Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira became the first female recipient in 2006. Most nominated albums were recorded in Spanish language, though Djavan, Chico Buarque, Gilberto Gil, Ivan Lins, Maria Rita, Ivete Sangalo, Tribalistas and Caetano Veloso have been nominated for albums recorded in Portuguese language, with Lins winning the award in 2005 for Cantando Histórias. Some of the awarded albums have also earned the Grammy Award, such as No Es Lo Mismo and Paraíso Express, recorded by Sanz, La Vida. Es un Ratico by Juanes and Vida by Draco Rosa, for Best Latin Pop Album; La Llave de Mi Corazón by Guerra, for Best Traditional Tropical Latin Album; Fijación Oral Vol.'}
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What work won as the twelfth studio album by and American-born Puerto Rican musician ?
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Vida
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ff7f08c2705f2111
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_Committee', 'title': 'Liaison Committee', 'header': ['Member', 'Party', 'Constituency', 'Committee'], 'data': [{'value': 'The Rt Hon . Andrew Tyrie MP ( Chairman )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Tyrie', 'summary': 'Andrew Guy Tyrie , Baron Tyrie , PC ( born 15 January 1957 ) is a British Conservative Party politician and chairman of the Competition and Markets Authority . He served as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Chichester from 1997 to 2017 . Tyrie was previously a Special Adviser at HM Treasury and Chairman of the Treasury Select Committee , having taken up the role on 10 June 2010 . He was described by Donald Macintyre of The Independent in 2013 as the most powerful backbencher in the House of Commons , and by The Economist as a liberal conservative .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Chichester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chichester_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Chichester is a constituency [ n 1 ] in West Sussex , represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Treasury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Treasury_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The House of Commons Treasury Committee ( often referred to as the Treasury Select Committee ) is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the committee is to examine the expenditure , administration and policy of HM Treasury , with all of its agencies and associated bodies , including HM Revenue and Customs , the Bank of England , the Prudential Regulation Authority , the Financial Conduct Authority , the Royal Mint , and so on . Since 2010 the Treasury Committee has taken on new powers , including the right to veto appointments to the independent Office for Budget Responsibility , and has forced the Financial Services Authority to publish a detailed report into its handling of the collapse of Royal Bank of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'The Rt Hon . Sir Kevin Barron MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Barron', 'summary': 'Sir Kevin John Barron ( born 26 October 1946 ) is a British Labour Party politician and former coal industry worker . He was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Rother Valley from 1983 until 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Rother Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rother_Valley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Rother Valley is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Alexander Stafford , a member of the Conservative Party . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Standards and Privileges', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Committee_on_Standards_and_Privileges', 'summary': "The Standards and Privileges Committee of the United Kingdom House of Commons was established in 1995 to replace the earlier Committee of Privileges . Ten Members of Parliament sit to make recommendations to the House on complaints of breach of Parliamentary privilege . It was itself replaced on 7 January 2013 , when it was split into the Committee on Standards and the Committee of Privileges . The Committee was appointed by the House of Commons to oversee the work of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards . It examined the arrangements for the compilation , maintenance and accessibility of the Register of Members ' Interests and considered specific complaints made in relation to the registering or declaring of interests and any matter relating to the conduct of Members , including specific complaints in relation to alleged breaches in the Code of Conduct which were drawn to the Committee 's attention by the Commissioner ."}]}, {'value': 'The Rt Hon . Hilary Benn MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hilary_Benn', 'summary': "Hilary James Wedgwood Benn MP ( born 26 November 1953 ) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Leeds Central since a by-election in 1999 . He served in the Cabinet from 2003 to 2010 , under both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown and from 2010 to 2016 , he has served in the Opposition Shadow Cabinet , most recently as Shadow Foreign Secretary from May 2015 until June 2016 . In October 2016 , he was elected as the inaugural Chairman of the new Exiting the European Union Select Committee . Born in Hammersmith , he is the second son of veteran Labour MP Tony Benn and educationalist Caroline Benn . He studied Russian and East European Studies at the University of Sussex and went on to work as a policy researcher for two trade unions , ASTMS and MSF . After joining the Labour Party , Benn was elected as a councillor on Ealing Borough Council on which he served for several years , rising to the rank of Deputy Leader of the Council . He was also the unsuccessful Labour parliamentary candidate for the Ealing North constituency , running for election in both the 1983 and 1987 general elections . After the 1997 general election , Benn was appointed as a special adviser to David Blunkett before winning a by-election in Leeds Central in 1999 . Benn became a junior minister in the Department for International Development in 2001 , being re-shuffled to the Home Office in 2002 , and returning to International Development in 2003 . Later in 2003 , he was appointed as the Secretary of State for International Development , where he was responsible for the reconstruction efforts in Iraq , the UK 's response to various natural disasters around the world , and also seeking a solution to the War in Darfur , among other responsibilities . In 2007 , Benn was a candidate for Deputy Leader of the Labour Party . In 2007 , Benn was appointed as Secretary of State for Environment , Food and Rural Affairs , serving until 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Leeds Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds_Central_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Leeds Central is a constituency [ n 1 ] recreated in 1983 represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1999 by Hilary Benn of the Labour Party . [ n 2 ] A former guise of the seat spanned 1885 to 1955 .'}]}, {'value': 'Exiting the European Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Exiting_the_European_Union_Select_Committee', 'summary': "The Exiting the European Union Select Committee , commonly known as the Brexit Select Committee , is a select committee of the British House of Commons that scrutinises the work of the Department for Exiting the European Union . The Department was launched by Prime Minister Theresa May in July 2016 , following the 'Leave ' vote in the UK 's referendum on membership of the European Union . In November 2017 Parliament voted that a humble address be made to the monarch to direct the government to release its impact assessments regarding the effects of Brexit on the national economy . The motion , put forward by the opposition , requested :"}]}, {'value': 'Sir Paul Beresford MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Beresford', 'summary': 'Sir Alexander Paul Beresford ( born 6 April 1946 ) is a British Conservative Party politician , practising dentist and the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Mole Valley . He sits on three Parliamentary committees .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Mole Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mole_Valley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Mole Valley is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Sir Paul Beresford , a Conservative . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Administration', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Administration_Committee', 'summary': 'The Administration Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It has a remit to consider the services provided for and by the House of Commons . The committee was established in July 2005 to replace the five previous domestic committees .'}]}, {'value': 'Clive Betts MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clive_Betts', 'summary': 'Clive James Charles Betts ( born 13 January 1950 ) is a British Labour Party politician and former economist , who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Sheffield Attercliffe from 1992 to 2010 , when he became Member of Parliament for Sheffield South East .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Sheffield South East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sheffield_South_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Sheffield South East is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 2010 creation by Clive Betts , a member of the Labour Party . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Communities and Local Government', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Communities_and_Local_Government_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Housing , Communities and Local Government Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to examine the work , the expenditure , administration and policies of the Ministry of Housing , Communities and Local Government ( MHCLG ) and its associated public bodies .'}]}, {'value': 'Crispin Blunt MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crispin_Blunt', 'summary': 'Crispin Jeremy Rupert Blunt ( born 15 July 1960 ) is a British Conservative Party politician . He has served as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Reigate since 1997 , and from May 2010 to September 2012 he was the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Prisons and Youth Justice within the Ministry of Justice . Blunt first entered the House of Commons at the 1997 general election , when he replaced the then MP Sir George Gardiner who had been deselected by the Constituency Conservative Association Executive Council and joined the Referendum Party . In 2013 , Blunt was himself deselected by the Constituency Executive Council , with speculation that this was due to his public announcement that he was gay . However , after a ballot of party members in Reigate , the decision was overturned by a margin of 5-1 and Blunt was reselected as the Conservative candidate for the 2015 general election .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Reigate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reigate_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Reigate /ˈraɪɡeɪt/ is a constituency [ a ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Crispin Blunt of the Conservative Party . [ b ]'}]}, {'value': 'Foreign Affairs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Foreign Affairs Select Committee is one of many select committees of the British House of Commons , which scrutinises the work of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office .'}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Bridgen MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Bridgen', 'summary': 'Andrew James Bridgen ( born 28 October 1964 ) is a Conservative Party politician and businessman . Since May 2010 he has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for the constituency of North West Leicestershire . A prominent figure on the right of the party , he is a long-term critic of the European Union and supported Brexit in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum . He is a vocal supporter of Eurosceptic pressure group Leave Means Leave . He was a prominent critic of Theresa May during her time as leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'North West Leicestershire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_West_Leicestershire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North West Leicestershire is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Andrew Bridgen , a Conservative . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Regulatory Reform', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regulatory_Reform_Committee', 'summary': 'The Regulatory Reform Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to examine subordinate provisions to amend primary legislation as created under the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994 , amended by the Regulatory Reform Act 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Neil Carmichael MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Carmichael_(Conservative_politician)', 'summary': 'William Neil Carmichael ( born 15 April 1961 in Hexham ) is an English politician , and former Conservative Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Stroud from 2010 until 2017 . In April 2019 , Carmichael announced he had left the Conservatives . He subsequently joined Change UK and was an unsuccessful candidate for the party in the East of England constituency at the 2019 European Parliament election . In September 2019 , he joined the Liberal Democrats .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Stroud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stroud_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': "Stroud is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . [ n 2 ] Siobhan Kathleen Baillie is the British current Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Stroud since the 2019 general election . Stroud was the only seat ( held or gained ) by the Labour Party in the 2017 from a total of six covering its county . Drew 's 2017 win was one of 30 net gains the Labour Party made at that year 's snap general election . Stroud has been relative to others a very marginal seat since 1992 as well as a swing seat , as the winning candidate 's majority has not exceeded 9.1% of the vote since the 19.2% majority won at that year 's election . The seat has changed hands three times since then ."}]}, {'value': 'Education', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Education_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Education Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to examine the expenditure , administration and policy of the Department for Education and any associated public bodies . The Chair of the Committee is Rt Hon . Robert Halfon MP . Previous Chairs include Neil Carmichael ( 2015-17 ) and Graham Stuart MP ( 2010-2015 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Sir William Cash MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Cash', 'summary': "Sir William Nigel Paul Cash ( born 10 May 1940 ) is a British Conservative politician who has served as a Member of Parliament ( MP ) since 1984 . He was first elected for Stafford and then for Stone in Staffordshire in 1997 . Cash is a prominent Eurosceptic in the House of Commons . After his tenth election victory in the 2019 general election , aged 79 , Cash became the oldest sitting member of the House of Commons . Cash was the founder of the Maastricht Referendum Campaign in the early 1990s , and is now the elected Chair of the House of Commons ' European Scrutiny Committee . He has also served as a vice-president of the eurosceptic pressure group Conservatives for Britain , and is one of the strongest critics of the European Union from the Conservative Party . He is in favour of the no-deal option for Britain leaving the European Union . He was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2014 Birthday Honours for political services ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Stone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stone_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Stone is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 1997 recreation by Bill Cash , a Conservative . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'European Scrutiny', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_Scrutiny_Committee', 'summary': 'The European Scrutiny Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to assess the legal and political importance of each EU document , and decide which EU documents are debated . The committee also monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council , and keeps legal , procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review .'}]}, {'value': 'Damian Collins MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damian_Collins', 'summary': 'Damian Noel Thomas Collins ( born 4 February 1974 , Northampton ) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom . He has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Folkestone and Hythe since the 2010 general election . On 10 September 2012 , Collins was made PPS to Secretary of State for Northern Ireland , Theresa Villiers .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Folkestone and Hythe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Folkestone_and_Hythe_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Folkestone and Hythe ( /ˈfoʊkstən . ˈhaɪð/ ) is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . [ n 2 ] The MP is Damian Collins of the Conservative Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Culture , Media and Sport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Digital , Culture , Media and Sport Committee , formerly the Culture , Media and Sport Committee , is one of the Select Committees of the British House of Commons , established in 1997 . It oversees the operations of the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport which replaced the Department for Culture , Media and Sport which also replaced the Department for National Heritage . The name was changed on 3 July 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'The Rt Hon . Yvette Cooper MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Yvette_Cooper', 'summary': 'Yvette Cooper PC ( born 20 March 1969 ) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Normanton , Pontefract and Castleford since 2010 , having served as the MP for Pontefract and Castleford since 1997 . She served in the Cabinet between 2008 and 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown as Chief Secretary to the Treasury and then as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions . After Labour lost the 2010 general election , Cooper was appointed as Shadow Foreign Secretary , then became Shadow Home Secretary in 2011 . On 13 May 2015 , Cooper announced she would run to be Leader of the Labour Party in the leadership election following the resignation of Ed Miliband . Cooper came third with 17.0% of the vote in the first round . Cooper subsequently resigned as Shadow Home Secretary in September 2015 . In October 2016 , Cooper was elected chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Normanton , Pontefract and Castleford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Normanton,_Pontefract_and_Castleford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Normanton , Pontefract and Castleford is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Yvette Cooper of the Labour Party since its 2010 creation . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Home Affairs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_Affairs_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Home Affairs Select Committee is a Departmental Committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Mary Creagh MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mary_Creagh', 'summary': "Mary Helen Creagh FCIL ( born 2 December 1967 ) is a British Labour politician who represented Wakefield as a Member of Parliament ( MP ) from 2005 until 2019 . In 2010 , Creagh was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Environment , Food and Rural Affairs , before becoming Shadow Secretary of State for Transport in 2013 . In November 2014 she was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for International Development . On 14 May 2015 , Creagh announced she would run for Leader of the Labour Party in the leadership election resulting from Ed Miliband 's resignation , although she later withdrew her candidacy . She resigned from the front bench following the election as Labour leader of Jeremy Corbyn ."}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Wakefield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakefield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Wakefield is a constituency created in 1832 represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Imran Ahmad-Khan , a member of the Conservative Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Environmental Audit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Environmental_Audit_Select_Committee', 'summary': "The Environmental Audit Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the committee is to examine how government department 's policies and programmes will affect both the environment and sustainable development ."}]}, {'value': 'David TC Davies MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Davies_(Welsh_politician)', 'summary': 'David Thomas Charles Davies ( born 27 July 1970 ) is a British Conservative Party politician . He has served Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Monmouth in South Wales since 2005 . He served as Chair of the Welsh Affairs Select Committee for nine and a half years before becoming a Welsh Office Minister in December 2019 . A vocal critic of the European Union , he supported Brexit in the 2016 EU referendum , and he has since been supportive of pro-Brexit pressure group Leave Means Leave .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Monmouth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monmouth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Monmouth ( Welsh : Sir Fynwy ) is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( at Westminster ) . The seat was created for the 1918 general election . Since 2005 the MP has been David Davies of the Conservative Party . The Monmouth Welsh Assembly constituency , created in 1999 , has normally the same boundaries as the Westminster constituency . These cover a large area , omitting the mainly urban areas of Blaenau Gwent in the west and Newport , Wales in the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Welsh Affairs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Welsh_Affairs_Select_Committee', 'summary': "The Welsh Affairs Select Committee ( or simply the 'Welsh Affairs Committee ' ) is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to examine the expenditure , administration and policy of the Wales Office , and relations with the Welsh Assembly ."}]}, {'value': 'Louise Ellman MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louise_Ellman', 'summary': "Dame Louise Joyce Ellman DBE ( née Rosenberg ; born 14 November 1945 ) is a British politician who served as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Liverpool Riverside from 1997 to 2019 . She was a member of the Labour Party until her resignation in October 2019 . Ellman was elected as a councillor on the Lancashire County Council in 1970 , becoming the Labour group leader in 1977 and leader of the council from 1981 until her election to House of Commons in 1997 . She was Vice-Chair of Lancashire Enterprises , and served as Chair of the Transport Select Committee from 2008 to 2017 . She is also Chair of Labour Friends of Israel and is Honorary President of the Jewish Labour Movement . She was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( DBE ) in the 2018 Queen 's Birthday Honours List , and is a Vice President of the Jewish Leadership Council . Ellman resigned from the Labour Party in October 2019 , expressing concern over antisemitism in the Labour Party and a potential Jeremy Corbyn-led government ."}]}, {'value': 'Labour Co-op', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Co-operative_Party', 'summary': "The Co-operative Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom supporting co-operative values and principles . Established in 1917 , the Co-operative Party was founded by co-operative societies to campaign politically for the fairer treatment of co-operative enterprise and to elect 'co-operators ' to Parliament . The party 's roots lie in the Parliamentary Committee of the Co-operative Union established in 1881 . Since 1927 , the Co-operative Party has had an electoral pact with the Labour Party , with both parties agreeing not to stand candidates against each other . Instead , candidates selected by members of both parties contest elections using the description of Labour and Co-operative Party . The Co-operative Party is a legally separate entity from the Labour Party , and is registered as a political party with the Electoral Commission . Co-operative Party members are not permitted to be members of any other political party in the UK apart from the Labour Party or Northern Ireland 's Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The Co-operative Party is arguably the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons with 26 Members of Parliament , although as all of its MPs sit in the Parliamentary Labour Party , this distinction is seldom made . It also has representatives in the House of Lords , the Scottish Parliament , the Welsh Assembly , the London Assembly and local government . In keeping with its co-operative values and principles , the Co-operative Party does not have a leader . Instead Anna Turley serves as Chair of the National Executive Committee , Joe Fortune as General Secretary , and Jim McMahon as Chair of the Co-operative Party Group of Parliamentarians ."}]}, {'value': 'Liverpool Riverside', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liverpool_Riverside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Liverpool Riverside is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Kim Johnson , who is a member of the Labour Party . She is the first black MP to represent a constituency in Liverpool .'}]}, {'value': 'Transport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Transport_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Transport Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to examine the expenditure , administration and policy of the Department for Transport and its associated public bodies .'}]}, {'value': 'The Rt Hon . Frank Field DL MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frank_Field_(British_politician)', 'summary': "Frank Ernest Field DL ( born 16 July 1942 ) is a British politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Birkenhead from 1979 to 2019 , serving as a Labour Party MP until August 2018 and thereafter as an Independent , later forming the Birkenhead Social Justice party . From 1997 to 1998 , Field served as the Minister of Welfare Reform in Tony Blair 's government . Field resigned following differences with the Prime Minister , and as a backbencher soon became one of the Labour government 's most vocal critics . He was elected Chair of the Work and Pensions Select Committee in June 2015 , and following the 2017 general election was re-elected unopposed . In August 2018 , he resigned the Labour whip citing anti-semitism in the party , and a culture of intolerance , nastiness and intimidation in parts of the party , including in his own constituency . Field lost a confidence vote in his constituency party a month before his resignation , after siding with the government in Brexit votes . His resignation of the whip also led to his departure from the wider membership of the Labour party , according to the Labour National Executive Committee , although Field disputes this ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant', 'summary': 'In the United Kingdom , a deputy lieutenant is a Crown appointment and one of several deputies to the lord lieutenant of a lieutenancy area : an English ceremonial county , Welsh preserved county , Scottish lieutenancy area , or Northern Irish county borough or county . In formal style , the postnominal letters DL may be added : e.g . John Brown , CBE , DL . Should the subject have numerous more important honorifics these postnominals may be omitted , although this is rare . Deputy lieutenants are nominated by a lord lieutenant , to assist with any duties as may be required : see the Lieutenancies Act 1997 ; deputy lieutenants receive their commission of appointment via the appropriate government minister by command of the Queen . In England and Wales , since November 2001 , the minister responsible for most appointments is the Lord Chancellor , with exceptions such as the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster . In Scotland , since July 1999 it has been the Scottish Ministers . Decades ago , the number of deputy lieutenants for each county could be as few as three . Today , however , there may be well over a dozen that are appointed as the number of DLs today correlates with the population of each respective county . DLs tend to be people who either have served the local community , or have a history of public service in other fields . DLs represent the lord lieutenant in his or her absence , including at local ceremonies and official events , from opening exhibitions to inductions of vicars ( as requested by the Church of England ) . They must live within their ceremonial county , or within seven miles ( 11 km ) of its boundary .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Birkenhead', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birkenhead_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Birkenhead /ˈbɜːrkənˌhɛd/ is a constituency recreated in 1950 represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 United Kingdom general election by Mick Whitley . [ n 1 ] A former constituency of the same name existed from 1861 to 1918 . In the intervening years , the area on the Liverpool-facing side of the Wirral Peninsula was split in two and joined with other land which had become more developed .'}]}, {'value': 'Work and Pensions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Work_and_Pensions_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Work and Pensions Select Committee is a select committee of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the Committee is to examine the expenditure , administration and policy of the Department for Work and Pensions and its associated public bodies .'}]}, {'value': 'The Rt Hon . Harriet Harman QC MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harriet_Harman', 'summary': "Harriet Ruth Harman QC ( born 30 July 1950 ) is a British solicitor and Labour politician serving as a Member of Parliament ( MP ) since 1982 , first for Peckham and then its successor constituency of Camberwell and Peckham since 1997 . Harman holds the record as the longest-ever continuously serving female MP in the House of Commons . On 13 June 2017 , she was dubbed Mother of the House by the then Prime Minister Theresa May . She has served in various Cabinet and Shadow Cabinet positions . She served as a Shadow Social Services minister ( from 1984 ) and as a Shadow Health minister ( from 1987 ) , Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury ( 1992-1994 ) and then , under Tony Blair , as Shadow Employment Secretary ( 1994-1995 ) , Shadow Health Secretary ( 1995-1996 ) and Shadow Social Security Secretary ( 1996-1997 ) . Following the 1997 general election victory , she was appointed Secretary of State for Social Security and the first ever Minister for Women , serving until 1998 ; when she left the Cabinet . In 2001 , she was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales , serving until 2005 when she became Minister of State for Constitutional Affairs . Harman ran in the 2007 deputy leadership election and defeated five other candidates , ultimately defeating Secretary of State for Health , Alan Johnson , by 50.43% to 49.56% . Gordon Brown , who was elected as party leader , appointed Harman Leader of the House of Commons , Lord Privy Seal , Minister for Women and Equality and Chairman of the Labour Party , holding these positions until the 2010 general election , although she was not appointed Deputy Prime Minister . Upon defeat , Brown resigned as party leader and Harman , as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party , became Acting Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition until Ed Miliband was elected leader . She subsequently served as Shadow Deputy Prime Minister , combining the position with that of Shadow Secretary of State for International Development ( 2010-2011 ) and then Shadow Secretary of State for Culture , Media and Sport ( 2011-2015 ) . After Labour 's defeat at the 2015 general election , Miliband resigned as Leader of the Labour Party and Harman once again became Acting Leader and Leader of the Opposition ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Queen's_Counsel", 'summary': "In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries , a Queen 's Counsel ( post-nominal QC ) during the reign of a queen , or King 's Counsel ( post-nominal KC ) during the reign of a king , is a lawyer ( usually a barrister or advocate ) who is appointed by the monarch of the country to be one of Her [ His ] Majesty 's Counsel learned in the law . The position originated in England . Some Commonwealth countries have either abolished the position , or re-named it so as to remove monarchical connotations , for example , Senior Counsel or Senior Advocate . Queen 's Counsel is an office , conferred by the Crown , that is recognised by courts . Members have the privilege of sitting within the bar of court . The term is recognised as an honorific . As members wear silk gowns of a particular design ( see court dress ) , appointment as Queen 's Counsel is known informally as taking silk and QCs are often colloquially called silks . Appointments are made from within the legal profession on the basis of merit rather than a particular level of experience . However , successful applicants tend to be barristers , or ( in Scotland ) advocates with 15 years of experience or more ."}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Camberwell and Peckham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camberwell_and_Peckham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Camberwell and Peckham is a constituency [ n 1 ] [ n 2 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 1997 creation by Harriet Harman of the Labour Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Human Rights ( Joint )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joint_Committee_on_Human_Rights', 'summary': 'The Joint Committee on Human Rights is a select committee of both the House of Commons and House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The remit of the committee is to consider human rights issues in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'Meg Hillier MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meg_Hillier', 'summary': 'Margaret Olivia Hillier ( born 14 February 1969 ) is a British Labour Co-operative politician who was first elected as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Hackney South and Shoreditch at the 2005 general election , and was a junior government minister ( 2007-10 ) and was succeeded by Caroline Flint as Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change in the Labour Party October 2011 reshuffle .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour Co-op', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Co-operative_Party', 'summary': "The Co-operative Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom supporting co-operative values and principles . Established in 1917 , the Co-operative Party was founded by co-operative societies to campaign politically for the fairer treatment of co-operative enterprise and to elect 'co-operators ' to Parliament . The party 's roots lie in the Parliamentary Committee of the Co-operative Union established in 1881 . Since 1927 , the Co-operative Party has had an electoral pact with the Labour Party , with both parties agreeing not to stand candidates against each other . Instead , candidates selected by members of both parties contest elections using the description of Labour and Co-operative Party . The Co-operative Party is a legally separate entity from the Labour Party , and is registered as a political party with the Electoral Commission . Co-operative Party members are not permitted to be members of any other political party in the UK apart from the Labour Party or Northern Ireland 's Social Democratic and Labour Party ( SDLP ) . The Co-operative Party is arguably the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons with 26 Members of Parliament , although as all of its MPs sit in the Parliamentary Labour Party , this distinction is seldom made . It also has representatives in the House of Lords , the Scottish Parliament , the Welsh Assembly , the London Assembly and local government . In keeping with its co-operative values and principles , the Co-operative Party does not have a leader . Instead Anna Turley serves as Chair of the National Executive Committee , Joe Fortune as General Secretary , and Jim McMahon as Chair of the Co-operative Party Group of Parliamentarians ."}]}, {'value': 'Hackney South and Shoreditch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hackney_South_and_Shoreditch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Hackney South and Shoreditch is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Meg Hillier of the Labour Party and of the Co-operative Party . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Public Accounts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Public_Accounts_Committee_(United_Kingdom)', 'summary': 'The Committee of Public Accounts is a select committee of the British House of Commons . It is responsible for overseeing government expenditures , and to ensure they are effective and honest . The committee is seen as a crucial mechanism for ensuring transparency and accountability in government financial operations , having been described by Professor the Lord Hennessy as the queen of the select committees . [ which ] by its very existence exert [ s ] a cleansing effect in all government departments . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'The Honourable Bernard Jenkin MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Honourable', 'summary': "The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable ( abbreviated to The Hon. , Hon . or formerly The Hon'ble - the last term is still used in South Asia ) is an honorific style that is used before the names of certain classes of people ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bernard_Jenkin', 'summary': "Sir Bernard Christison Jenkin ( born 9 April 1959 ) is a British Conservative politician . He has been Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Harwich and North Essex since the 2010 general election . He was first elected to represent Colchester North in the 1992 general election , and went on to represent North Essex before the current Harwich and North Essex constituency was created . He was elected Chairman of the Public Administration Select Committee in May 2010 . He was Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party , and had responsibility for candidates until 7 November 2006 when this role was given to John Maples . Jenkin 's Deputy chairman role came to an end when , during a cabinet reshuffle , he was offered another frontbench position , which he declined , reportedly saying to David Cameron that only a return to the shadow cabinet would interest him . He is a long-standing critic of the European Union , believing that the European Union undermines the United Kingdom 's national sovereignty , and he was one of the Maastricht Rebels during the premiership of John Major . In the 2016 EU Referendum , he supported Brexit and since 2017 has been one of the most vocal supporters of the Eurosceptic pressure group Leave Means Leave . He is in favour of marriage equality and was nominated for a Stonewall award in 2013 . The environment is one of his main policy concerns : The Climate Coalition awarded him the Green Heart Hero Award for his eco-friendly lifestyle choices . In 2018 , he was awarded with a knighthood honouring his political and public service ."}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Harwich and North Essex', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harwich_and_North_Essex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Harwich and North Essex /ˈhærɪtʃ . ˈɛsɪks/ is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Bernard Jenkin of the Conservative Party since its creation in 2010 . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Public Administration', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Public_Administration_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee is a select committee appointed by the British House of Commons to examine the reports of the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman , and to consider matters relating to the quality and standards of administration provided by civil service departments , and other matters relating to the civil service , mostly for England and Wales , and constitutional affairs . It is the principal select committee to which Cabinet Office ministers are accountable and thus handles pre appointment and accountability hearings for independent officers , with an independent civil society or cross departmental role , such as the First Civil Service Commissioner , the chair of the UK Statistics Authority and the chair of the Charity Commission . The committee chooses its own subjects of inquiry , within its overall terms of reference ; however , it seeks evidence from a wide variety of individuals and groups with relevant interests and experience . The members of the committee are drawn from the three largest political parties , and the committee itself mainly publishes its results through reports and making its recommendations known to the government . Created on 3 June 2015 , the committee replaced the longstanding Public Administration Select Committee and the Political and Constitutional Reform Select Committee , first formed in June 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Helen Jones MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helen_Jones', 'summary': 'Helen Mary Jones ( born 24 December 1954 ) is a British Labour politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Warrington North from 1997 until 2019 . Jones has served as Shadow Minister for Communities and Local Government and Shadow Home Office Minister .'}]}, {'value': 'Labour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats , democratic socialists and trade unionists . In all general elections since 1922 , Labour has either been the governing party or the Official Opposition . The Labour Party was founded in 1900 , having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century . It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s , forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s . Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940-1945 , after which Clement Attlee 's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfare state from 1945 to 1951 . Under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan , Labour again governed from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1979 . In the 1990s , Tony Blair took Labour to the centre as part of his New Labour project , which governed the UK under Blair and then Gordon Brown from 1997 to 2010 . Labour is currently the Official Opposition in the Parliament of the United Kingdom , having won the second-largest number of seats in the 2017 and 2019 general elections . The Labour Party is currently the largest party in the Welsh Assembly , forming the main party in the current Welsh government . The party is the third-largest in the Scottish Parliament . Labour is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance , and holds observer status in Socialist International . The party includes semi-autonomous Scottish and Welsh branches , and supports the Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland , although it still organises there ."}]}, {'value': 'Warrington North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warrington_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Warrington North is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . The most recently elected MP was Charlotte Nichols of the Labour Party ; the constituency has historically been a safe Labour seat , although the result in 2019 made the constituency marginal .'}]}, {'value': 'Petitions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Rt Hon . Dr Julian Lewis MP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Right_Honourable', 'summary': 'The Right Honourable ( The Rt Hon . or Rt Hon . ) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom , the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations . The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom , Canada , and New Zealand . Right in this context is an adverb meaning thoroughly or very .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Doctor_(title)', 'summary': "Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning . The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [ dɔˈkeːrɛ ] 'to teach ' . It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century , when the first Doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris . Having become established in European universities , this usage spread around the world . Contracted Dr or Dr. , it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a Doctorate ( e.g . PhD ) . In many parts of the world it is also used by medical practitioners , regardless of whether or not they hold a doctoral-level degree ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Julian_Lewis_(politician)', 'summary': 'Julian Murray Lewis ( born 26 September 1951 ) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom , who has been Member of Parliament ( MP ) for New Forest East in Hampshire since the 1997 general election . Lewis is a supporter of the Eurosceptic group Leave Means Leave .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)', 'summary': "The Conservative Party , officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories or simply the Conservatives , is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom . The governing party since 2010 , it holds an overall majority in the House of Commons with 365 Members of Parliament . It also has 245 members of the House of Lords , 8 members of the London Assembly , 31 members of the Scottish Parliament , 11 members of the Welsh Assembly and 7,437 local councillors . The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party - the Conservatives ' colloquial name is Tories - and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century , along with the Liberal Party . Under Benjamin Disraeli , it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire . In 1912 , the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party . In the 1920s , the Labour Party surpassed the Liberals as the Conservatives ' main rivals . Conservative Prime Ministers , most notably Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher , led governments for 57 years of the 20th century . Positioned on the centre-right of British politics , the Conservative Party is ideologically conservative . Different factions have dominated the party at different times , including one nation conservatives , Thatcherites , and liberal conservatives , while its views and policies have changed throughout its history . The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies - favouring free market economics , limiting state regulation , and pursuing privatisation - although in the past has also supported protectionism . The party is British unionist , opposing both Irish reunification and Welsh and Scottish independence , and historically supported the maintenance of the British Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'New Forest East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Forest_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'New Forest East is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Julian Murray Lewis , a Conservative . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Defence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defence_Select_Committee', 'summary': 'The Defence Select Committee is one of the Select Committees of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , having been established in 1979 . It oversees the operations of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies , including the armed forces .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Membership', 'section_text': 'As of 20 December 2017 , the members of the committee are as follows : Member Party Constituency Committee Dr Sarah Wollaston MP ( Chair ) Liberal Democrat Totnes Health The Rt Hon . Sir Kevin Barron MP Labour Rother Valley Standards and Privileges The Rt Hon . Hilary Benn MP Labour Leeds Central Exiting the European Union Sir Paul Beresford MP Conservative Mole Valley Administration Clive Betts MP Labour Sheffield South East Communities and Local Government Chris Bryant MP Labour Rhondda Finance Sir William Cash MP Conservative Stone European Scrutiny Damian Collins MP Conservative Folkestone and Hythe Culture , Media and Sport The Rt Hon . Yvette Cooper MP Labour Normanton , Pontefract and Castleford Home Affairs Mary Creagh MP Labour Wakefield Environmental Audit David TC Davies MP Conservative Monmouth Welsh Affairs The Rt Hon . Frank Field MP Independent Birkenhead Work and Pensions Lilian Greenwood MP Labour Nottingham South Transport The Rt Hon . Robert Halfon MP Conservative Harlow Education The Rt Hon . Harriet Harman MP Labour Camberwell and Peckham Human Rights ( Joint ) Meg Hillier MP Labour Co-op Hackney South and Shoreditch Public Accounts The Honourable Sir Bernard Jenkin MP Conservative Harwich and North Essex Public Administration Helen Jones MP Labour Warrington North Petitions The Rt Hon . Sir Norman Lamb MP Liberal Democrat North Norfolk Science and Technology The Rt Hon . Dr Julian Lewis MP Conservative New Forest East Defence Angus Brendan MacNeil MP SNP Na h-Eileanan an Iar International Trade Stephen McPartland MP Conservative Stevenage Regulatory Reform Ian Mearns MP Labour Gateshead Backbench Business The Rt Hon . Maria Miller MP Conservative Basingstoke Women and Equalities The Rt Hon . Nicky Morgan MP Conservative Loughborough Treasury Dr Andrew Murrison MP Conservative South West Wiltshire Northern Ireland Affairs Bob Neill MP Conservative Bromley and Chislehurst Justice Neil Parish MP Conservative Tiverton and Honiton Environment , Food and Rural Affairs Rachel Reeves MP Labour Leeds West Business , Energy and Industrial Strategy Tom Tugendhat MP Conservative Tonbridge and Malling Foreign Affairs Derek Twigg MP Labour Halton Statutory Instruments Stephen Twigg MP Labour Co-op Liverpool West Derby International Development Charles Walker MP Conservative Broxbourne Procedure Bill Wiggin MP Conservative North Herefordshire Selection Pete Wishart MP SNP Perth and North Perthshire Scottish Affairs At the end of the previous 2015-17 Parliament the committee was made up of :', 'uid': 'Liaison_Committee_1', 'intro': 'The Liaison Committee is a committee of the British House of Commons, the lower house of the United Kingdom Parliament. The committee consists of the chairs of the 32 Commons Select Committees and the chair of the Joint Committee on Human Rights. The role of the committee is to consider general matters relating to the work of select committees. It advises the House of Commons Commission on select committees as well as choosing select committee reports for debate in the chamber. Since 2002, the Prime Minister has appeared annually before the Liaison Committee in order to give evidence on matters of public policy.'}
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The Liaison Committee member who is a member of a Commons select committee that demanded a report on the collapse of Royal Bank of Scotland is the chairman of what authority ?
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Competition and Markets Authority
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ff8001e4c96f57cc
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_songs_recorded_by_Elisa', 'title': 'List of songs recorded by Elisa', 'header': ['Song Title', 'Album ( s ) / Single ( s )', 'First Released'], 'data': [{'value': 'A Feast For Me', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pipes & Flowers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pipes_&_Flowers', 'summary': 'Pipes & Flowers is the debut album by Italian singer Elisa , released in Italy in 1997 by Sugar Records . It followed the single Sleeping in Your Hand . In 1998 the album was re-released with the bonus track Cure Me . Other three official singles , Labyrinth , Mr. Want and Cure Me were released , while A Feast For Me was released as promo single .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Little Over Zero', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Asile 's World / Dancing", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Asile's_World", 'summary': "Asile 's World is the second album by Elisa released in 2000 . The album went double Platinum in Italy with 250.000 copies sold . Its repackage contains Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) with which Elisa won the 1st place at the famous Sanremo Festival in 2001 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dancing_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Dancing is a compilation album by Italian singer Elisa that was released on July 15 , 2008 in CD format in the United States and Canada . A digital version on iTunes was released on June 17 , 2008 in the United States and on August 25 , 2008 in Canada . The album , released as part of an effort to introduce Elisa to North American audiences , is a compilation of recordings ( some remixed ) from previously released albums dating back to 2000 . Released of the full album was preceded by the released of an EP featuring the song Dancing which was released in December 2007 . Beside the title track , the EP includes Rock Your Soul ( also included on the Dancing album ) , along with a live version of 'Dancing ' recorded at the iTunes Festival in London . The first single from the album is Rainbow in a new remix edition by Glen Ballard ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Prayer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lotus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lotus_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Lotus is the fourth studio album by Elisa , released in 2003 . Initially idealized as a live album , Lotus became a mix between studio album ( with six new songs ) , a greatest hits album ( due to the seven songs re-recorded from previous albums ) and a cover album ( three are the covers ) . The album is predominantly acoustic ; following the initial idea , in fact , the album was completely recorded live . The album starts with a cover version of Leonard Cohen 's song Hallelujah from his 1984 album Various Positions . Sleeping in Your Hand , Labyrinth and The Marriage are taken from Elisa 's 1997 debut album Pipes & Flowers , while Gift and Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) are from her second album Asile 's World , and Rock Your Soul and Stranger are from her third album Then Comes the Sun . All of them were revisited in acoustic version , really in contrast with the initial forms . Femme Fatale is a cover of a song from The Velvet Underground 's first album , The Velvet Underground & Nico , and even it was slowed and changed very much from its initial form , while Almeno tu nell'universo was a famous Italian song by Mia Martini ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anche Se Non Trovi Le Parole', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heart_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': 'Heart is the seventh studio album from Italian singer-songwriter Elisa . It was released on 13 November 2009 in Italy . It has been described as a rock album , with alt-rock and electronic influences .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'And All I Need', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heart_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': 'Heart is the seventh studio album from Italian singer-songwriter Elisa . It was released on 13 November 2009 in Italy . It has been described as a rock album , with alt-rock and electronic influences .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Asile 's World", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Asile 's World", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Asile's_World", 'summary': "Asile 's World is the second album by Elisa released in 2000 . The album went double Platinum in Italy with 250.000 copies sold . Its repackage contains Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) with which Elisa won the 1st place at the famous Sanremo Festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beautiful Night', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lotus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lotus_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Lotus is the fourth studio album by Elisa , released in 2003 . Initially idealized as a live album , Lotus became a mix between studio album ( with six new songs ) , a greatest hits album ( due to the seven songs re-recorded from previous albums ) and a cover album ( three are the covers ) . The album is predominantly acoustic ; following the initial idea , in fact , the album was completely recorded live . The album starts with a cover version of Leonard Cohen 's song Hallelujah from his 1984 album Various Positions . Sleeping in Your Hand , Labyrinth and The Marriage are taken from Elisa 's 1997 debut album Pipes & Flowers , while Gift and Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) are from her second album Asile 's World , and Rock Your Soul and Stranger are from her third album Then Comes the Sun . All of them were revisited in acoustic version , really in contrast with the initial forms . Femme Fatale is a cover of a song from The Velvet Underground 's first album , The Velvet Underground & Nico , and even it was slowed and changed very much from its initial form , while Almeno tu nell'universo was a famous Italian song by Mia Martini ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bitter Words', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pearl Days', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pearl_Days', 'summary': "Pearl Days is the fifth studio-album by Italian singer Elisa . The album was released on 15 October 2004 and debuted at number two on the Italian album chart . Pearl Days is a rock album that echoes Elisa 's debut album Pipes & Flowers . The album went double platinum in Italy . [ citation needed ] The first single from the album was the promotional single Together , followed by the promotional single The Waves . The latest single was the hit Una poesia anche per te ( Life Goes On ) . This song debuted at number seven in the Italian Singles Chart and arrived soon at the first position , becoming the most-selling Italian single of 2005 by a female artist . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broken_(Elisa_song)', 'summary': "Broken is a song written by Italian adult alternative singer Elisa from her fourth studio album , Lotus ( 2003 ) , it was released on 24 October 2003 as the album 's lead single . The song was also includes in the Greatest hits Soundtrack '96-'06 ."}]}, {'value': 'Lotus / Dancing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lotus_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Lotus is the fourth studio album by Elisa , released in 2003 . Initially idealized as a live album , Lotus became a mix between studio album ( with six new songs ) , a greatest hits album ( due to the seven songs re-recorded from previous albums ) and a cover album ( three are the covers ) . The album is predominantly acoustic ; following the initial idea , in fact , the album was completely recorded live . The album starts with a cover version of Leonard Cohen 's song Hallelujah from his 1984 album Various Positions . Sleeping in Your Hand , Labyrinth and The Marriage are taken from Elisa 's 1997 debut album Pipes & Flowers , while Gift and Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) are from her second album Asile 's World , and Rock Your Soul and Stranger are from her third album Then Comes the Sun . All of them were revisited in acoustic version , really in contrast with the initial forms . Femme Fatale is a cover of a song from The Velvet Underground 's first album , The Velvet Underground & Nico , and even it was slowed and changed very much from its initial form , while Almeno tu nell'universo was a famous Italian song by Mia Martini ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dancing_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Dancing is a compilation album by Italian singer Elisa that was released on July 15 , 2008 in CD format in the United States and Canada . A digital version on iTunes was released on June 17 , 2008 in the United States and on August 25 , 2008 in Canada . The album , released as part of an effort to introduce Elisa to North American audiences , is a compilation of recordings ( some remixed ) from previously released albums dating back to 2000 . Released of the full album was preceded by the released of an EP featuring the song Dancing which was released in December 2007 . Beside the title track , the EP includes Rock Your Soul ( also included on the Dancing album ) , along with a live version of 'Dancing ' recorded at the iTunes Festival in London . The first single from the album is Rainbow in a new remix edition by Glen Ballard ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chameleon', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Asile 's World", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Asile's_World", 'summary': "Asile 's World is the second album by Elisa released in 2000 . The album went double Platinum in Italy with 250.000 copies sold . Its repackage contains Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) with which Elisa won the 1st place at the famous Sanremo Festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'City Lights', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pearl Days / Dancing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pearl_Days', 'summary': "Pearl Days is the fifth studio-album by Italian singer Elisa . The album was released on 15 October 2004 and debuted at number two on the Italian album chart . Pearl Days is a rock album that echoes Elisa 's debut album Pipes & Flowers . The album went double platinum in Italy . [ citation needed ] The first single from the album was the promotional single Together , followed by the promotional single The Waves . The latest single was the hit Una poesia anche per te ( Life Goes On ) . This song debuted at number seven in the Italian Singles Chart and arrived soon at the first position , becoming the most-selling Italian single of 2005 by a female artist . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Dancing_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Dancing is a compilation album by Italian singer Elisa that was released on July 15 , 2008 in CD format in the United States and Canada . A digital version on iTunes was released on June 17 , 2008 in the United States and on August 25 , 2008 in Canada . The album , released as part of an effort to introduce Elisa to North American audiences , is a compilation of recordings ( some remixed ) from previously released albums dating back to 2000 . Released of the full album was preceded by the released of an EP featuring the song Dancing which was released in December 2007 . Beside the title track , the EP includes Rock Your Soul ( also included on the Dancing album ) , along with a live version of 'Dancing ' recorded at the iTunes Festival in London . The first single from the album is Rainbow in a new remix edition by Glen Ballard ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coincidences', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heart_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': 'Heart is the seventh studio album from Italian singer-songwriter Elisa . It was released on 13 November 2009 in Italy . It has been described as a rock album , with alt-rock and electronic influences .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Come & Sit', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Asile 's World", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Asile's_World", 'summary': "Asile 's World is the second album by Elisa released in 2000 . The album went double Platinum in Italy with 250.000 copies sold . Its repackage contains Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) with which Elisa won the 1st place at the famous Sanremo Festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Come Speak To Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luce_(Tramonti_a_nord_est)', 'summary': "Luce ( Tramonti a nord est ) ( Light ( Sunsets in the North-East ) ) is Italian singer-songwriter Elisa 's most famous song , both in her home Italy and internationally , in its English version Come Speak to Me . It also has a Spanish version called Hablame , which has a slightly different arrangement . It was Elisa 's first song in Italian , even though she had already released two albums in English . It was heard for the first time in the 2001 edition of the Sanremo Festival , winning first place , defeating the entry by the favorite Giorgia , as well as the critics ' award and the radio and TV award ; Elisa won the best singer award in that same event . The music was written by Elisa , as well as the English lyrics , which are actually the original lyrics . But to take part in Sanremo Festival , the lyrics had to be presented in Italian , so she asked for the help of rocker Zucchero . It is heavily influenced by Björk , with references to Peter Gabriel during the chorus bassline . The arrangement is one of the most complex and dazzling in all of Italian music . There is a vocal mantra which runs throughout the entire song . Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) is available as a single , as well as in the repacking of Elisa 's second album Asile 's world in both Italian and English versions . The latter was also available in Elisa 's international compilation of her first three albums , which in some countries contains the Spanish version . It was later featured in Elisa 's acoustic album Lotus , with a remarkably different arrangement ."}]}, {'value': "Asile 's World", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Asile's_World", 'summary': "Asile 's World is the second album by Elisa released in 2000 . The album went double Platinum in Italy with 250.000 copies sold . Its repackage contains Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) with which Elisa won the 1st place at the famous Sanremo Festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Creature', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Asile 's World", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Asile's_World", 'summary': "Asile 's World is the second album by Elisa released in 2000 . The album went double Platinum in Italy with 250.000 copies sold . Its repackage contains Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) with which Elisa won the 1st place at the famous Sanremo Festival in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cure Me', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pipes & Flowers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pipes_&_Flowers', 'summary': 'Pipes & Flowers is the debut album by Italian singer Elisa , released in Italy in 1997 by Sugar Records . It followed the single Sleeping in Your Hand . In 1998 the album was re-released with the bonus track Cure Me . Other three official singles , Labyrinth , Mr. Want and Cure Me were released , while A Feast For Me was released as promo single .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dancing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dancing_(Elisa_song)', 'summary': "Dancing was the fourth single released in Italy and the United States from Elisa 's third album , Then Comes the Sun , and the first single released from her American album Dancing ."}]}, {'value': 'Then Comes the Sun / Dancing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Then_Comes_the_Sun', 'summary': 'Then Comes the Sun is the third album by Italian singer-songwriter Elisa released by Sugar on 9 November 2001 . It was produced by Corrado Rustici and went double platinum in Italy with over 280.000 copies sold . The first single from the album was the promotional single Heaven Out of Hell , in the music video Elisa appears nude . The second single released from the album was Rainbow , The song debuted at # 5 in the Italian Singles Chart . The latest singles released were Time and the promotional single Dancing . In 2007 Then Comes the Sun was appreciated in the United States and Canada after the song Dancing was used in the choreography of a routine on the TV show , So You Think You Can Dance .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dancing_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Dancing is a compilation album by Italian singer Elisa that was released on July 15 , 2008 in CD format in the United States and Canada . A digital version on iTunes was released on June 17 , 2008 in the United States and on August 25 , 2008 in Canada . The album , released as part of an effort to introduce Elisa to North American audiences , is a compilation of recordings ( some remixed ) from previously released albums dating back to 2000 . Released of the full album was preceded by the released of an EP featuring the song Dancing which was released in December 2007 . Beside the title track , the EP includes Rock Your Soul ( also included on the Dancing album ) , along with a live version of 'Dancing ' recorded at the iTunes Festival in London . The first single from the album is Rainbow in a new remix edition by Glen Ballard ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dot in the Universe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heart_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': 'Heart is the seventh studio album from Italian singer-songwriter Elisa . It was released on 13 November 2009 in Italy . It has been described as a rock album , with alt-rock and electronic influences .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eppure sentire ( Un senso di te )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eppure_sentire_(Un_senso_di_te)', 'summary': "Eppure sentire ( Un senso di te ) is the second single by Italian singer-songwriter Elisa from the album Soundtrack '96-'06 . The song was certified platinum by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry ."}]}, {'value': "Soundtrack '96-'06", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Soundtrack_'96-'06", 'summary': "Soundtrack '96-'06 is the first official Best of by Italian singer Elisa . The album was certified Diamond in Italy , with domestic sales exceeding 600,000 copies . In the album there are four new tracks , the first single was Gli Ostacoli del Cuore with the Italian singer Luciano Ligabue , the song debut at number-one of the Italian Digital Chart and the Italian Airplay Chart . The second single from the album was the ballad Eppure Sentire ( Un Senso Di Te ) , the soundtrack of the movie Manuale d'amore 2 by Giovanni Veronesi . The third single was Stay released on 6 April 2007 . The latest single from the album was Qualcosa Che Non C ' è . In July 2007 for Italian preview are release Caterpillar , the international version of Soundtrack '96-'06 . Soundtrack '96-'06 is the most selling album in Italy in 2007 . It is also the most downloaded album from iTunes Italy in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Electricity', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lotus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lotus_(Elisa_album)', 'summary': "Lotus is the fourth studio album by Elisa , released in 2003 . Initially idealized as a live album , Lotus became a mix between studio album ( with six new songs ) , a greatest hits album ( due to the seven songs re-recorded from previous albums ) and a cover album ( three are the covers ) . The album is predominantly acoustic ; following the initial idea , in fact , the album was completely recorded live . The album starts with a cover version of Leonard Cohen 's song Hallelujah from his 1984 album Various Positions . Sleeping in Your Hand , Labyrinth and The Marriage are taken from Elisa 's 1997 debut album Pipes & Flowers , while Gift and Luce ( tramonti a nord est ) are from her second album Asile 's World , and Rock Your Soul and Stranger are from her third album Then Comes the Sun . All of them were revisited in acoustic version , really in contrast with the initial forms . Femme Fatale is a cover of a song from The Velvet Underground 's first album , The Velvet Underground & Nico , and even it was slowed and changed very much from its initial form , while Almeno tu nell'universo was a famous Italian song by Mia Martini ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Original songs', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_songs_recorded_by_Elisa_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of Elisa songs. Elisa Toffoli is an Italian singer-songwriter, performing under the mononym Elisa. She is one of few Italian musicians to write and record mainly in English.'}
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When did Elisa 's fourth single released in Italy released ?
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2002
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ff80d83c77c2817f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II', 'title': 'List of aircraft of World War II', 'header': ['Name of aircraft', 'Year first flight', 'Country of origin'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aero A.300', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aero_A.300', 'summary': 'The Aero A.300 was a Czechoslovak bomber aircraft that first flew in 1938 as a much refined development of the A.304 ( despite what the numbering would suggest ) . Designed by Aero as a replacement for the obsolete , locally-built Bloch MB.200 bombers Czechoslovak Air Force , the Aero A-304 transport/bomber formed the basis for its design . The new aircraft mounted Bristol Mercury IX radial engines rated at 610 kW/820 hp and carried three machine guns for defense . The A-300 was faster than any other Czechoslovakian aircraft in the inventory except for the Avia B-35 fighter . Despite showing much promise , development and production of the aircraft was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II .'}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Czechoslovakia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ANBO VIII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ANBO_VIII', 'summary': 'The ANBO VIII was a Lithuanian bomber-reconnaissance monoplane designed by Antanas Gustaitis and built by Karo Aviacijos Tiekimo Skyrius .'}]}, {'value': '1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avia B-158', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avia_B-158', 'summary': 'The Avia B.158 was a prototype Czechoslovak twin-engined light bomber aircraft of the 1930s . Only a single example was built and it was abandoned , following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 .'}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Czechoslovakia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avro Lincoln', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avro_Lincoln', 'summary': "The Avro Type 694 , better known as the Avro Lincoln , is a British four-engined heavy bomber , which first flew on 9 June 1944 . Developed from the Avro Lancaster , the first Lincoln variants were initially known as the Lancaster IV and V ; these were renamed Lincoln I and II . It was the last piston-engined bomber operated by the Royal Air Force ( RAF ) . The Lincoln attained operational status in August 1945 . It had been initially assigned to units of the Tiger Force , a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which had been intended to play a role in the closing stages of the Second World War by participating in the Japan campaign with operations against the Japanese mainland ; the war ended before the Lincoln went into action . Production of the type proceeded and the type was adopted in quantity , allowing it to complement and progressively replace the preceding Lancaster in RAF service during the late 1940s . The Lincoln was deployed on operations during the 1950s . RAF squadrons equipped with the type were used as part of Britain 's action against guerrilla fighters during the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya ; the RAF and the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) operated the Lincoln during the Malayan Emergency . In addition to its wartime use , the type also saw significant service with the RAAF and the Argentine Air Force ( Spanish : Fuerza Aérea Argentina ) . Lincolns also saw some use in civil aviation , often being operated as aerial test beds for aero-engine research . In RAF service , the Lincoln was replaced by a new generation of bombers harnessing newly developed jet propulsion . Chief amongst these was the English Electric Canberra , which was also adopted by a wide range of operators across the world including the RAAF and Argentine Air Force ."}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beechcraft XA-38 Grizzly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beechcraft_XA-38_Grizzly', 'summary': 'The Beechcraft XA-38 Grizzly was a World War II-era ground attack aircraft , developed by Beechcraft , but never put into production . The Grizzly was to have been fitted with a forward-firing 75 mm cannon , to penetrate heavily armored targets . While the first prototype flew on 7 May 1944 , testing established that the type would not be ready for the projected invasion of Japan . It also featured the Wright R-3350 engines already in use with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress - which had priority . Consequently , the XA-38 was canceled after a second prototype had been completed .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blackburn Firebrand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blackburn_Firebrand', 'summary': 'The Blackburn Firebrand was a British single-engine strike fighter for the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy designed during World War II by Blackburn Aircraft . Originally intended to serve as a pure fighter , its unimpressive performance and the allocation of its Napier Sabre piston engine by the Ministry of Aircraft Production for the Hawker Typhoon caused it to be redesigned as a strike fighter to take advantage of its load-carrying capability . Development was slow and the first production aircraft was not delivered until after the end of the war . Only a few hundred were built before it was withdrawn from front-line service in 1953 .'}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bloch MB.162', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bloch_MB.162', 'summary': 'The Bloch MB.162 was a French four-engine , long-range bomber developed by Société des Avions Marcel Bloch in the late 1930s . Only a single prototype was built ; after capture by German forces , it was pressed into service with the Luftwaffe as a transport .'}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing XB-15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_XB-15', 'summary': "The Boeing XB-15 ( Boeing 294 ) was a United States bomber aircraft designed in 1934 as a test for the United States Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) to see if it would be possible to build a heavy bomber with a 5,000 mi ( 8,000 km ) range . For a year beginning in mid-1935 it was designated the XBLR-1 . When it first flew in 1937 , it was the most massive and voluminous aircraft ever built in the US . It set a number of load-to-altitude records for land-based aircraft , including carrying a 31,205 lb ( 14,154 kg ) payload to 8,200 ft ( 2,500 m ) on 30 July 1939 . The aircraft 's immense size allowed flight engineers to enter the wing through a crawlway and make minor repairs in flight . A 5,000 mi ( 8,000 km ) flight took 33 hours at its 152 mph ( 245 km/h ) cruising speed ; the crew was made up of several shifts , and bunks allowed them to sleep when off duty ."}]}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing XB-38 Flying Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_XB-38_Flying_Fortress', 'summary': 'The XB-38 Flying Fortress was a single example conversion of a production B-17E Flying Fortress , testing whether the Allison V-1710 V type engine could be substituted for the standard Wright R-1820 radial engine during early World War II .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing XB-39 Superfortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_XB-39_Superfortress', 'summary': 'The Boeing XB-39 Superfortress was a United States prototype bomber aircraft , a single example of the B-29 Superfortress converted to fly with alternative powerplants . It was intended to demonstrate that the B-29 could still be put into service even if the first choice of engine , the air-cooled Wright R-3350 radial engine , ran into development or production difficulties .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing XB-44 Superfortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing_XB-44_Superfortress', 'summary': "The Boeing B-50 Superfortress is an American strategic bomber . A post-World War II revision of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress , it was fitted with more powerful Pratt & Whitney R-4360 radial engines , stronger structure , a taller tail fin , and other improvements . It was the last piston-engined bomber built by Boeing for the United States Air Force , and was further refined into Boeing 's final such design , the B-54 . Not as well known as its direct predecessor , the B-50 was in USAF service for nearly 20 years . After its primary service with Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) ended , B-50 airframes were modified into aerial tankers for Tactical Air Command ( TAC ) ( KB-50 ) and as weather reconnaissance aircraft ( WB-50 ) for the Air Weather Service . Both the tanker and hurricane hunter versions were retired in March 1965 due to metal fatigue and corrosion found in the wreckage of KB-50J , 48-065 , which crashed on 14 October 1964 ."}]}, {'value': '1945', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Breguet 462', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Breguet_462', 'summary': 'The Bréguet 460 Vultur was a French bomber of the 1930s . Few of these twin-engined monoplanes and its variant , the Breguet 462 Bréguet , were built . At least one Breguet 460 was sold to the Spanish Republican Air Force during the Spanish Civil War .'}]}, {'value': '1936', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Breda Ba.75', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Breda_Ba.75', 'summary': 'The Breda Ba.75 was an Italian prototype two-seat reconnaissance and ground-attack aircraft designed and built by the Società Italiana Ernesto Breda . Only one aircraft was built and the type did not enter production .'}]}, {'value': '1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Breda Ba.201', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Breda_Ba.201', 'summary': 'The Breda Ba.201 was an Italian dive bomber designed during World War II , that never entered production .'}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brewster XA-32', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brewster_XA-32', 'summary': 'The Brewster XA-32 was an American attack aircraft , a mid-wing type with an internal bomb bay . The prototype had the R-2800 engine , but it could take the intended R-4360 powerplant . After a dismal set of test results , the XA-32 did not enter production .'}]}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bristol Brigand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bristol_Brigand', 'summary': 'The Bristol Brigand was a British anti-shipping/ground attack/dive bomber aircraft , developed by the Bristol Aeroplane Company as a replacement for the Beaufighter . A total of 147 were built and were used by the Royal Air Force in Malaya during the Malayan Emergency and Kenya until replaced by the de Havilland Hornet in Malaya and the English Electric Canberra jet bomber elsewhere .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CAC Woomera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CAC_Woomera', 'summary': 'The CAC Woomera , also known as the CAC CA-4 and CAC CA-11 , was an Australian bomber aircraft that was designed and constructed by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation during World War II . The order for the Woomera was cancelled before it became operational with the Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) .'}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CANSA FC.12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CANSA_FC.12', 'summary': 'The CANSA FC.12 was a single engine monoplane ground attack aircraft developed in Italy around 1940 . A crew of two were seated in tandem . Only ten production aircraft were built .'}]}, {'value': '1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CANSA FC.20', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CANSA_FC.20', 'summary': 'The CANSA FC.20 was a twin engine reconnaissance bomber/ground attack monoplane designed and built in Italy in 1941 . Several versions with different armament and engines were flown but only the FC.20bis ground attack variant reached squadron service , in very small numbers , before the 1943 armistice .'}]}, {'value': '1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CANT Z.1011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CANT_Z.1011', 'summary': 'The twin-engined CANT Z.1011 was one of two bombers of about the same size and powered by the same engines , designed by Filippo Zappata in the mid-1930s . The other was the three-engined CANT Z.1007 , which in the end was the type preferred by the Regia Aeronautica .'}]}, {'value': '1936', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Prototypes -- Bomber and attack aircraft prototypes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II_25', 'intro': 'The List of aircraft of World War II includes all the aircraft used by those countries which were at war during World War II from the period between their joining the conflict and the conflict ending for them. Aircraft developed but not used operationally in the war are in the prototypes section at the end. Prototypes for aircraft that entered service under a different design number are ignored in favour of the service version. The date the aircraft entered service, or was first flown if the service date is unknown or it did not enter service follows the name, followed by the country of origin and major wartime users. Aircraft used for multiple roles are generally only listed under their primary role unless specialized versions were built for other roles in significant numbers. Aircraft used by neutral countries such as Spain, Switzerland and Sweden or countries which did no significant fighting such as most of those in South America (except Brazil), are not included.'}
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Avro Lancaster developed an Aircraft for which country ?
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UK
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ff80efbf141698a1
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'title': 'Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yakubu Adesokan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yakubu_Adesokan', 'summary': "Yakubu Adesokan ( born 16 July 1979 ) is a powerlifter from Nigeria . At the 2012 Summer Paralympics he won a gold medal in the men 's 48 kg powerlifting event , lifting 180 kg ( 397 lb ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 48 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_-_Men's_48_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 48 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 30 August at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '30 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ivory Nwokorie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivory_Nwokorie', 'summary': "Ivory Nwokorie MON is a Nigerian powerlifter who won the gold medal in the women 's 44 kg weight class at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London , England . She was banned for two years in 2013 , after testing positive for Furosemide ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 44 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_44_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 44 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 31 August at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '31 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Esther Oyema', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esther_Oyema', 'summary': "Esther Oyema ( born 20 April 1982 ) is a Nigerian powerlifter . She competed in the women 's 61 kg event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she won a gold medal and set a new world record by lifting 122.4 kg in the heavyweight category . In 2015 she won a gold medal at the All-Africa Games by lifting 133 kg and beating her previous record 126 kg . In the same year she traveled all the way to Almaty , Kazakhstan where she won another gold medal at the IPC Powerlifting Asian Open Championships by lifting 79 kg . During the 2016 Summer Paralympics she won a silver medal by beating her Mexican counterpart Amalia Perez in the women 's 55 kg lifting ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 48 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_-_Women's_48_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 48 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 1 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '1 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joy Onaolapo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joy_Onaolapo', 'summary': 'Joy Onaolapo ( 24 December 1982 in Sapele , Nigeria - July 2013 ) was a Nigerian champion Paralympic weightlifter ( 2012 ) . She won the gold medal in the 52 kg powerlifting category at the 2012 London games . Onaolapo was confirmed dead in July 2013 at the age of 30 . Nigerian former President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan described the death of the Nigerian Paralympian gold medallist , Mrs. Joy Onaolapo as a big loss to the nation . Coach Ijeoma Iheriobim , has described late Onaolapo as a committed and diligent athlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 52 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_-_Women's_52_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 52 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 1 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '1 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loveline Obiji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loveline_Obiji', 'summary': "Loveline Obiji ( born 11 September 1990 ) is a Nigerian powerlifter . She competed in the women 's +61 kg event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she won a gold medal . At the 2016 Summer Paralympics she was the 86kg category gold medal briefly as Randa Mahmoud 's r world record setting last lift was not allowed . However Mahmoud appealed and her lift was allowed giving her the gold medal and the world record . Obiji took the silver ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 82.5 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_-_Women's_82.5_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 82.5 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 4 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '4 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grace Anozie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grace_Anozie', 'summary': 'Grace Ebere Anozie ( born 1977 ) is a Nigerian Paralympian in powerlifting . Anonzie first Paralympic medal was a bronze at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in the 82.5 kg event . At subsequent Paralympics , Anozie won a silver medal in 2008 and gold in 2012 . During her career , Anonzie set multiple powerlifting records including a Paralympic record at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in the over 86kg event .'}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's +82.5 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_-_Women's_+82.5_kg", 'summary': "The women 's +82.5 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 5 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '5 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ikechukwu Obichukwu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ikechukwu_Obichukwu', 'summary': "Ikechukwu Obichukwu is a Nigerian Paralympic powerlifter . He represented Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men 's 52 kg event . He also represented Nigeria at the 2010 Commonwealth Games where he won the bronze medal in the men 's Open bench press event ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 52 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_52_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 52 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 31 August at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '31 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anthony Ulonnam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Ulonnam', 'summary': "Anthony Ulonnam is a Nigerian Paralympic powerlifter . He represented Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men 's 56 kg event . He represented Nigeria at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and he won the silver medal in the men 's Open bench press event . At the 2014 World Championships he won the bronze medal in the men 's 59 kg event . At the 2015 African Games he won the silver medal in the men 's 59 kg event ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 56 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_56_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 56 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 31 August at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '31 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ifeanyi Nnajiofor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ifeanyi_Nnajiofor', 'summary': "Ifeanyi Nnajiofor is a Nigerian Paralympic powerlifter . He represented Nigeria at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and he won the silver medal in the men 's 60 kg event ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 60 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_60_kg", 'summary': "The men 's 60 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 1 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '1 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucy Ejike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucy_Ogechukwu_Ejike', 'summary': 'Lucy Ogechukwu Ejike ( born 16 October 1977 ) is a Nigerian Paralympic powerlifter . She has represented her country at five consecutive Paralympic Games from 2000 in Sydney through to 2016 in Rio de Janeiro . She has won medals at each , three gold and two silver .'}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 56 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_56_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 56 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 2 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '2 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Folashade Oluwafemiayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Folashade_Oluwafemiayo', 'summary': 'Folashade Alice Oluwafemiayo ( born 1985 ) is a Nigerian Paralympian athlete .'}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 75 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_75_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 75 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 3 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '3 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eucharia Iyiazi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eucharia_Iyiazi', 'summary': "Eucharia Njideka Iyiazi ( born 19 November 1973 ) is a Paralympian athlete from Nigeria competing mainly in category F57/58 shot put and discus throw events . She has competed at four paralympics taking two gold , a silver and two bronze medals . Iyiazi competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing , China . There , she won a gold medal in both the women 's shot putt F57/F58 event and the womens discus throw F57/F58 event . At the Beijing Paralympics , Iyiazzi set the world and Paralympic record for the F58 class in shot put and discus . Iyiazi took a bronze medal in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London and then threw 27.54m to again take the discus bronze at the 2016 Summer Paralympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics events at the 2012 Summer Paralympics were held in the Olympic Stadium and in The Mall in London , United Kingdom , from 31 August to 9 September 2012 .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's shot put F57-F58", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_shot_put", 'summary': "The Women 's Shot Put athletics events for the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Olympic Stadium from September 1 to September 8 , 2012 . A total of 9 events were contested incorporating 16 different classifications ."}]}, {'value': '8 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria Nneji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_Nneji', 'summary': "Victoria Nneji ( born 1972 ) was a Nigerian Paralympian athlete . At the 2012 Women 's Powerlifting 67.5kg event , she won bronze medal . After the event , she announced her retired from competitive sports citing recurrent injuries and her age as reasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Powerlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Powerlifting at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was held at ExCeL London from 30 August to 5 September , with a maximum of 200 athletes ( 120 men and 80 women ) , competing in 20 events . According to the classification rules of the International Federation for Powerlifting athletes which can not participate in weightlifting events because of a physical impairment affecting their legs or hips are deemed eligible to compete in powerlifting events at the Paralympics .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 67.5 kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Powerlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_–_Women's_67.5_kg", 'summary': "The women 's 67.5 kg powerlifting event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics was contested on 3 September at ExCeL London ."}]}, {'value': '3 September', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medals summary', 'section_text': "Nigeria 's Paralympic team in London won more medals than Nigeria 's Olympic team in London . The country 's Olympians failed to pick up a single medal . [ 9 ]", 'uid': 'Nigeria_at_the_2012_Summer_Paralympics_0', 'intro': "Nigeria competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from 29 August - 9 September 2012. Nigerian Paralympians combined won more medals than their Olympic counterparts in London, winning 6 golds, 5 silvers and 2 bronze medals. The 2012 Paralympic Games played an important role in Nigerian society in terms of assisting in changing people's attitudes towards people with disabilities. In some cases, this allowed Nigerian medalists to return home and be the primary breadwinner for their families. Powerlifting was Nigeria's dominant sport in London. Following the team's success in the sport, Sports Minister Bolaji Abdullahi was quoted as saying that additional money would be funneled to the sport to build on the country's success in it"}
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between the athlete born 24 December 1982 and the one born 20 April 1982 what is the location of the place in Kazakhstan where one won a gold ?
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Almaty , Kazakhstan
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ff8100c5cc99d1bf
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'title': 'Slovenian PrvaLiga', 'header': ['Club', 'Position in 2018-19', 'PrvaLiga debut', 'PrvaLiga seasons', 'First season of current spell', 'Last title ( number of titles )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aluminij', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Aluminij', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Aluminij ( English : Aluminij Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Aluminij or simply Aluminij , is a Slovenian football club from Kidričevo , playing in the Slovenian PrvaLiga . The club was founded in 1946 .'}]}, {'value': '6th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012-13', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2012-13 Slovenian PrvaLiga was the 22nd edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its establishment in 1991 . Also known by the abbreviation 1 . SNL , PrvaLiga was contested by the top ten clubs in Slovenia , for the title of national champions . The fixture schedule was released on 26 June 2012 . The season began on 14 July 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013 . Maribor were the defending champions , having won their 10th league title the previous season . The season featured nine teams from the 2011-12 Slovenian PrvaLiga and one team from the 2011-12 Slovenian Second League , Aluminij , who was promoted directly as the winners of the second division , replacing Nafta . This was the first season for Aluminij in the top division .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016-17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bravo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Bravo', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Bravo ( English : Bravo Football Club ) , commonly referred simply as Bravo , is a Slovenian football club from Ljubljana , which plays in the Slovenian PrvaLiga . The club was founded in 2006 .'}]}, {'value': '2 . SNL , 1st ( promoted )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovenian_Second_League', 'summary': 'The Slovenian Second Football League ( Slovene : 2 . Slovenska Nogometna Liga or commonly 2 . SNL ) is the second highest football league in Slovenia . The league was formed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Yugoslav Second League and it is operated by the Football Association of Slovenia .'}]}, {'value': '2019-20', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019–20_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2019-20 Slovenian PrvaLiga is the 29th edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since the league was formed in 1991 . The season began on 13 July 2019 and will end on 15 May 2020 . The league winners will qualify for a place in the 2020-21 UEFA Champions League . Maribor are the defending champions .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019-20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Celje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Celje', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Celje ( English : Celje Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Celje or simply Celje , is an association football club from Celje , Slovenia . They play in the Slovenian PrvaLiga . Together with Maribor , they are the only club that have participated in every season of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its formation in 1991 .'}]}, {'value': '5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991–92_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 1991-92 Slovenian PrvaLiga was the first season of Slovenian top division football . The season started on 18 August 1991 and ended on 21 June 1992 with each team playing a total of 40 matches .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Domžale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Domžale', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Domžale ( English : Domžale Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Domžale or simply Domžale , is a Slovenian football club that plays in the town of Domžale . They have won both the Slovenian League and the Slovenian Cup twice .'}]}, {'value': '3rd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991–92_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 1991-92 Slovenian PrvaLiga was the first season of Slovenian top division football . The season started on 18 August 1991 and ended on 21 June 1992 with each team playing a total of 40 matches .'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003-04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-08 ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007–08_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2007-08 Slovenian PrvaLiga season started on 20 July 2007 and ended on 31 May 2008 . Each team played a total of 36 matches .'}]}, {'value': 'Maribor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Maribor', 'summary': "Nogometni klub Maribor ( English : Maribor Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Maribor or simply Maribor , is a professional football club based in Maribor , Slovenia , that competes in the Slovenian PrvaLiga , the top tier of Slovenian football . Nicknamed The Purples ( Vijoličasti ) , the club was founded on 12 December 1960 . They are regarded as a symbol of Slovenian football , particularly in their home region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia . Maribor have won a record 15 Slovenian PrvaLiga titles , 9 Slovenian Cups and 4 Slovenian Supercups . The club 's most successful period was in the late 1990s and early 2000s , when they won seven successive league titles . Following the 2010-11 season , Maribor became the major force in Slovenian football for the second time , having won seven out of nine championships since then . Prior to Slovenia 's independence in 1991 , Maribor played in the Yugoslav football system , where the club , apart from winning the Yugoslav second division in 1967 , had no major successes . Maribor are one of three Slovenian teams which participated in the Yugoslavia 's highest division , the Yugoslav First League , between the end of World War II in 1945 and the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991 . The club is also one of the two founding members of the Slovenian PrvaLiga who have never been relegated from the top flight since the league 's establishment in 1991 . In addition , Maribor is the only Slovenian club to have participated in the group stages of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League . Besides that , the club is one of the only two clubs from former Yugoslavia , beside Red Star Belgrade , that have won an official UEFA trophy since winning the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup . The club holds a long-standing rivalry with Olimpija from the capital Ljubljana , with whom they contest the Eternal derby ( Večni derbi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Champions', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991–92_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 1991-92 Slovenian PrvaLiga was the first season of Slovenian top division football . The season started on 18 August 1991 and ended on 21 June 1992 with each team playing a total of 40 matches .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-19 ( 15 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018–19_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2018-19 Slovenian PrvaLiga ( also known as the Prva liga Telekom Slovenije for sponsorship reasons ) was the 28th edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its establishment in 1991 . The season began on 20 July 2018 and ended on 25 May 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NŠ_Mura', 'summary': "Nogometna šola Mura , commonly referred to as NŠ Mura or simply Mura , is a Slovenian football team , playing in the town of Murska Sobota . Founded in 2012 , the team currently plays in the Slovenian PrvaLiga . The club 's home ground is Fazanerija stadium with a capacity of 3,782 seats ."}]}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-19', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018–19_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2018-19 Slovenian PrvaLiga ( also known as the Prva liga Telekom Slovenije for sponsorship reasons ) was the 28th edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its establishment in 1991 . The season began on 20 July 2018 and ended on 25 May 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018-19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olimpija Ljubljana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Olimpija_Ljubljana', 'summary': "Nogometni klub Olimpija Ljubljana ( Slovene pronunciation : [ nɔɡɔˈméːtni ˈklúːp ɔˈlìːmpija ljubˈljàːna ] ; English : Olimpija Ljubljana Football Club ) , commonly referred to as Olimpija Ljubljana or simply Olimpija , is a professional association football club , based in the city of Ljubljana , Slovenia . The club competes in the Slovenian PrvaLiga , the country 's highest football division . Founded in 1911 . Olimpija began competing in the Slovenian Fifth League during the 2005-06 season and managed to achieve promotion in four successive seasons , reaching the top division for the first time in 2009 after winning the 2008-09 Slovenian Second League . After seven years in the top division , Olimpija won their first major trophy when they were crowned champions in the 2015-16 season . They won another league title in the 2017-18 season ; during the same season , Olimpija also won the national cup , completing the double . Originally , the club played at the Bežigrad Stadium and ŽAK Stadium during the club 's stay in the second division and during the first year in the top division . In 2010 , they moved to the Stožice Stadium with a capacity of 16,038 . The club played its opening match on the new stadium on 22 August 2010 . Olimpija 's nicknames are The Green-Whites ( Zeleno-beli ) , referring to their primary colours , and The Dragons ( Zmaji ) , referring to the dragon which is a symbol of Ljubljana and is represented on the city 's coat of arms and on the club 's crest ."}]}, {'value': 'Runners-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009–10_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2009-10 Slovenian PrvaLiga was the 19th season of top-tier football in Slovenia . The season began on 18 July 2009 and finished in May 2010 . Koper won the league for the first time .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-18 ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017–18_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2017-18 Slovenian PrvaLiga ( also known as the Prva liga Telekom Slovenije for sponsorship reasons ) was the 27th edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its establishment in 1991 . The season began on 15 July 2017 and ended on 27 May 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rudar Velenje', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Rudar_Velenje', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Rudar Velenje ( English : Rudar Velenje Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Rudar Velenje or simply Rudar Velenje , is a Slovenian football club from Velenje , currently playing in the Slovenian PrvaLiga .'}]}, {'value': '7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991–92_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 1991-92 Slovenian PrvaLiga was the first season of Slovenian top division football . The season started on 18 August 1991 and ended on 21 June 1992 with each team playing a total of 40 matches .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tabor Sežana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Tabor_Sežana', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Tabor Sežana , commonly referred to as NK Tabor Sežana or simply Tabor Sežana , is a Slovenian football club from Sežana which plays in the Slovenian PrvaLiga . The club was established in 1923 .'}]}, {'value': '2 . SNL , 2nd ( promoted via PrvaLiga play-off )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovenian_Second_League', 'summary': 'The Slovenian Second Football League ( Slovene : 2 . Slovenska Nogometna Liga or commonly 2 . SNL ) is the second highest football league in Slovenia . The league was formed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Yugoslav Second League and it is operated by the Football Association of Slovenia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2018–19_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2018-19 Slovenian PrvaLiga ( also known as the Prva liga Telekom Slovenije for sponsorship reasons ) was the 28th edition of the Slovenian PrvaLiga since its establishment in 1991 . The season began on 20 July 2018 and ended on 25 May 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '2000-01', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000–01_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 2000-01 Slovenian PrvaLiga season started on 21 July 2000 and ended on 27 May 2001 . Each team played a total of 33 matches .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019-20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triglav Kranj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NK_Triglav_Kranj', 'summary': 'Nogometni klub Triglav Kranj ( Triglav Kranj Football Club ) , commonly referred to as NK Triglav Kranj or simply Triglav , is a Slovenian football club from Kranj . The team currently plays in the Slovenian PrvaLiga . The club was founded in 1920 . In the mid-1990s , the club merged with NK Naklo and was re-established under the current name Triglav Kranj .'}]}, {'value': '8th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998–99_Slovenian_PrvaLiga', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Slovenian PrvaLiga season started on 2 August 1998 and ended on 13 June 1999 . Each team played a total of 33 matches .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017-18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Clubs -- 2019–20 season', 'section_text': 'Below is the list of clubs that are members of the 2019–20 Slovenian PrvaLiga season . The information and the statistics shown in the table are correct as of the end of 2018–19 season . Key Reigning champions , winners of the previous season Runners-up of the previous season Promoted from Slovenian Second League , 2 . SNL', 'uid': 'Slovenian_PrvaLiga_0', 'intro': 'The Slovenian First Football League (Slovene: Prva slovenska nogometna liga, pronounced [ˈpərʋa slɔˈʋeːnska nɔɡɔˈmɛtna ˈliːɡa]), currently named Prva liga Telekom Slovenije [ˈpərʋa ˈliːɡa ˈteːlɛkɔm slɔˈʋeːnijɛ] due to sponsorship reasons, also known by the abbreviation 1. SNL, is the main football league in Slovenia, and was formed in 1991 after Slovenia became an independent country. From 1920 until the end of the 1990-91 season, the Slovenian Republic League was a lower division of the Yugoslavian league football system. The league is currently governed by the Football Association of Slovenia. Between 2001 and 2012 the league was governed by the Association of 1. SNL. Celje and Maribor are the only two founding clubs that have never been relegated from the league since its foundation in 1991.'}
| null | null |
What is the nickname of the club that were the defending champions in the PrvaLiga the year the club from Kidričevo debuted in the league ?
|
The Purples
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ff83d145e771d860
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_O'Mahoney-Schwartz", 'title': "Steven O'Mahoney-Schwartz", 'header': ['Season', 'Event type', 'Location', 'Format', 'Date', 'Rank'], 'data': [{'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Block Constructed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30-31 August 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Mainz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rochester Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-7 December 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Madrid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24-25 January 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Extended', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 January-1 February 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1997–98', 'summary': 'The 1997-98 Pro Tour season was the third season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 30 August 1997 with Grand Prix Toronto , and ended on 16 August 1998 with the conclusion of 1998 World Championship in Seattle . The season consisted of thirteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Mainz , Los Angeles , New York , and Seattle . At the end of the season Jon Finkel from the United States was awarded the Pro Player of the Year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Zurich', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30-31 May 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Standard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-6 September 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26-28 February 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-99', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1998–99', 'summary': 'The 1998-99 Pro Tour season was the fourth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 5 September 1998 with Grand Prix Boston and ended on 8 August 1999 with the conclusion of 1999 World Championship in Tokyo . The season consisted of fourteen Grand Prix , and five Pro Tours , located in Chicago , Rome , Los Angeles , New York , and Tokyo . At the end of the season Kai Budde from Germany was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Oslo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sealed and Booster Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10-11 April 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Pro Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington D.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3-5 September 1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_Series_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': "The Masters Series or simply Masters were single-elimination Magic : The Gathering tournaments open to the most accomplished players only . These tournaments awarded cash prizes upon entrance and were held at several Pro Tours each season . The first predecessor to the Masters Series , named Team Challenge , was held at the 2000 Pro Tour New York . In the following seasons Masters were held at four different Pro Tours each season . The last Masters was held at Pro Tour Yokohama . Ben Rubin was the most successful player at the Masters Series , being the only player to win two events . After the 2002-03 season the cash that would have gone into the Masters Series prizes was instead used for a final payout at the end of the season based on Pro Points . This payout was in turn replaced by the Pro Player 's Club two years later ."}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14-16 April 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12-14 May 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999-00', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_1999–00', 'summary': 'The 1999-2000 Pro Tour season was the fifth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 3 September 1999 with Pro Tour Boston and ended on 6 August 2000 with the conclusion of 2000 World Championship in Brussels . The season consisted of twenty Grand Prixs , and six Pro Tours , located in Washington D.C. , London , Chicago , Los Angeles , New York , and Brussels . At the end of the season Bob Maher , Jr. was awarded the Pro Player of the year title .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23-25 June 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000-01', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2000–01', 'summary': 'The 2000-01 Pro Tour season was the sixth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 23 September 2000 the season began with parallel Grand Prixs in Sapporo and Porto . It ended on 12 August 2001 with the conclusion of the 2001 World Championship in Toronto . The season consisted of 27 Grand Prixs and 6 Pro Tours , held in New York , Chicago , Los Angeles , Tokyo , Barcelona , and Toronto . Also special Master Series tournaments were held at four Pro Tours . These tournaments featured huge cash prizes , but were open to only 32 players . At the end of the season Kai Budde was proclaimed Pro Player of the Year , making him the only player to win the title more than once .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'New Orleans', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sealed and Booster Draft', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6-7 January 2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001-02', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2001–02', 'summary': 'The 2001-02 Pro Tour season was the seventh season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 18 August 2001 the season began with parallel Grand Prixs in Kobe and Denver . It ended on 18 August 2002 with the conclusion of the 2002 World Championship in Sydney . The season consisted of 33 Grand Prixs and 6 Pro Tours , held in New York , New Orleans , San Diego , Osaka , Nice , and Sydney . Also Master Series tournaments were held at four Pro Tours . At the end of the season Kai Budde was proclaimed Pro Player of the Year , winning the title by a record margin .'}]}, {'value': 'Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_Series_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': "The Masters Series or simply Masters were single-elimination Magic : The Gathering tournaments open to the most accomplished players only . These tournaments awarded cash prizes upon entrance and were held at several Pro Tours each season . The first predecessor to the Masters Series , named Team Challenge , was held at the 2000 Pro Tour New York . In the following seasons Masters were held at four different Pro Tours each season . The last Masters was held at Pro Tour Yokohama . Ben Rubin was the most successful player at the Masters Series , being the only player to win two events . After the 2002-03 season the cash that would have gone into the Masters Series prizes was instead used for a final payout at the end of the season based on Pro Points . This payout was in turn replaced by the Pro Player 's Club two years later ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Standard', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11-13 January 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2007', 'summary': 'The 2007 Pro Tour season was the twelfth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . On 9 February 2007 the season began with Pro Tour Geneva . It ended on 9 December 2007 with the conclusion of the 2007 World Championship in New York . The season consisted of 16 Grand Prixs and 5 Pro Tours , held in Geneva , Yokohama , San Diego , Valencia , and New York . At the end of the season Tomoharu Saitou from Japan was proclaimed Pro Player of the year . At the Worlds in New York the third class of the Hall of Fame was inducted . The inductees were Kai Budde , Zvi Mowshowitz , Tsuyoshi Fujita , Nicolai Herzog , and Randy Buehler .'}]}, {'value': 'Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)', 'summary': 'Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools .'}]}, {'value': 'Massachusetts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Two-Headed Giant', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31 March-1 April 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Achievements', 'section_text': '', 'uid': "Steven_O'Mahoney-Schwartz_0", 'intro': "Steven O'Mahoney-Schwartz is an American Magic: The Gathering player. At the height of his career in the late 1990s, he was considered one of the best players. He is well known as a friend and teammate to Jon Finkel."}
| null | null |
At what location did Steven get rank 6 during the third season of the MTG Pro Tour ?
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Toronto
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ff8434b2dc7e7976
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_World_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships', 'title': '1992 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Gymnast', 'Country', 'Point'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxana Kostina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxana_Kostina', 'summary': 'Oksana Alexandrovna Kostina ( Russian : Оксана Александровна Костина ; 15 April 1972 - 11 February 1993 ) was a Soviet and Russian individual rhythmic gymnast . She was the 1992 World All-around champion and 1992 European All-around bronze medalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '9.950', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Petrova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Petrova_(rhythmic_gymnast)', 'summary': 'Maria Petrova ( Bulgarian : Мария Петрова ) ( born November 13 , 1975 in Plovdiv , Bulgaria ) is a Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast . She is a three-time ( 1993 , 1994 , 1995 ) World All-around champion and a three-time ( 1992 , 1993 , 1994 ) European All-around champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': '9.800', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carmen Acedo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmen_Acedo', 'summary': 'Carmen Acedo Jorge ( born February 10 , 1975 in Lérida , Spain ) is a retired individual rhythmic gymnast from Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '9.800', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diana Popova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diana_Popova', 'summary': 'Diana Popova ( born December 10 , 1976 in Sofia , Bulgaria ) is an Individual Rhythmic Gymnast .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulgaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulgaria', 'summary': "Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State ."}]}, {'value': '9.675', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larissa Lukianenko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larissa_Lukianenko', 'summary': "Larissa Loukianenko ( Russian : Лариса Геннадьевна Лукьяненко , Larisa Luk'yanenko ; born 7 August 1973 in Krasnoyarsk , Soviet Union ) was a Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast ."}]}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': '9.650', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irina Deleanu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irina_Deleanu', 'summary': 'Irina Deleanu ( born November 12 , 1975 ) is a former individual rhythmic gymnast from Romania .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '9.625', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ekaterina Serebrianskaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ekaterina_Serebrianskaya', 'summary': 'Kateryna Serebrianska [ a ] ( born 25 October 1977 in Simferopol ) is a Ukrainian former individual rhythmic gymnast . She is the 1996 Olympics gold medalist , the 1995 World All-around champion , a two time ( 1995,1996 ) European All-around champion and three time Grand Prix Final All-around champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '9.575', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eliza Bialkowska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eliza_Bialkowska', 'summary': 'Eliza Białkowska ( born 19 July 1973 ) is a retired Polish rhythmic gymnast . She competed for Poland in the rhythmic gymnastics all-around competition at two Olympic Games : in 1988 in Seoul and in 1992 in Barcelona . In 1988 she was 14th overall , in 1992 15th .'}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '9.550', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Individual -- Final Ball', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1992_World_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_Championships_3', 'intro': 'The XVI World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships were held in Brussels, Belgium, on November 20-22, 1992.'}
| null | null |
Where was the athlete that scored 9.675 points born ?
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Sofia
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ff84db732173cd02
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_suicides', 'title': 'List of LGBT-related suicides', 'header': ['Name', 'Lifetime', 'Age', 'Location and/or Nationality', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Justin Aaberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 - 9 July 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andover , Minnesota , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andover,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Andover is a city in Anoka County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 30,598 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leelah Alcorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leelah_Alcorn', 'summary': "Leelah Alcorn ( November 15 , 1997 - December 28 , 2014 ) was an American transgender girl whose suicide attracted international attention . Alcorn had posted a suicide note to her Tumblr blog , writing about societal standards affecting transgender people and expressing the hope that her death would create a dialogue about discrimination , abuse and lack of support for transgender people . Assigned male at birth , she was raised in Ohio by a family affiliated with the Churches of Christ movement . At age 14 , she came out as transgender to her parents , Carla and Doug Alcorn , who refused to accept her female gender identity . When she was 16 , they denied her request to undergo transition treatment , instead sending her to Christian-based conversion therapy with the intention of convincing her to reject her gender identity and accept her gender as assigned at birth . After she revealed her attraction toward males to her classmates , her parents removed her from school and revoked her access to social media . In her suicide note , Alcorn cited loneliness and alienation as key reasons for her decision to end her life and blamed her parents for causing these feelings . She killed herself by walking into traffic on the Interstate 71 highway . Alcorn arranged for her suicide note to be posted online several hours after her death , and it soon attracted international attention across mainstream and social media . LGBT rights activists called attention to the incident as evidence of the problems faced by transgender youth , while vigils were held in her memory in the United States and United Kingdom . Petitions were formed calling for the establishment of Leelah 's Law , a ban on conversion therapy in the U.S. , which received a supportive response from U.S. President Barack Obama . Within a year , the city of Cincinnati criminalized conversion therapy ."}]}, {'value': '15 November 1997 - 28 December 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kings Mills , Ohio , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_Mills,_Ohio', 'summary': 'Kings Mills is a census-designated place in the southwestern corner of Deerfield Township , Warren County , Ohio , United States , on the western shore of the Little Miami River . Located along I-71 twenty miles northeast of Cincinnati , it is less than a mile east of Mason , two miles southwest of South Lebanon , two and one-half miles north of Fosters , and two miles west of Hopkinsville . Another town , Gainsboro , was platted on this site in 1815 , but it did not prosper . Kings Mills was established in 1884 as a company town for the King Powder Company , and the Peters Cartridge Company which ceased operations in 1944 . The town is in the Mason ( 513 ) telephone exchange and is served by the Kings Mills/Kings Island post office ( 45034 ) . It is in the Kings Local School District . The Little Miami Scenic Trail , which runs from Milford to Spring Valley , passes by the community on the eastern shore of the Little Miami River in the former Little Miami Railroad right-of-way . Kings Island amusement park and Great Wolf Lodge indoor water park are immediately south of the community in Mason . Kings Mills was formerly the home of the College Football Hall of Fame , which moved to South Bend , Indiana in 1995 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ohio', 'summary': "Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ ( listen ) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . Of the fifty states , it is the 34th largest by area , the seventh most populous , and the tenth most densely populated . The state 's capital and largest city is Columbus . Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north , Pennsylvania to the east , West Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , Indiana to the west , and Michigan to the northwest . The state takes its name from the Ohio River , whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo ' , meaning good river , great river or large creek . Partitioned from the Northwest Territory , Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 , and the first under the Northwest Ordinance . Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees , and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes . Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier , to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union , to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st . The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch , led by the governor ; the legislative branch , which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly ; and the judicial branch , led by the state Supreme Court . Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives . Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections . Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylor Alesana', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 May 1998 - 2 April 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fallbrook , California , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fallbrook,_California', 'summary': "Fallbrook is a CDP in northern San Diego County , California . Fallbrook had a population of 30,534 at the 2010 census , up from 29,100 at the 2000 census . Fallbrook 's downtown is not on any major highway route . It is 5.5 miles ( 8.9 km ) west of Interstate 15 or 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) north of State Route 76 . Fallbrook is situated immediately east of the U.S. Marine Corps ' Camp Pendleton . It once housed a stagecoach stop for the stage that ran from Temecula to San Diego . [ citation needed ] Fallbrook is known for its avocado groves and claims , without any official recognition , the title Avocado Capital of the World . It is often called or known as The Friendly Village . [ citation needed ] The Avocado Festival is held in the downtown strip annually and frequently draws large crowds ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lui Aquino Aquino', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999 - 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poá , São Paulo , Brazil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Robert Baker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Robert_Baker', 'summary': "James Robert Baker ( October 18 , 1947 - November 5 , 1997 ) was an American author of sharply satirical , predominantly gay-themed transgressional fiction . A native Californian , his work is set almost entirely in Southern California . After graduating from UCLA , he began his career as a screenwriter , but became disillusioned and started writing novels instead . Though he garnered fame for his books Fuel-Injected Dreams and Boy Wonder , after the controversy surrounding publication of his novel , Tim and Pete , he faced increasing difficulty having his work published . According to his life partner , this was a contributing factor in his suicide . Baker 's work has achieved cult status in the years since his death , and two additional novels have been posthumously published . First-edition copies of his earlier works have become collector 's items . His novel Testosterone was adapted to a film of the same name , though it was not a financial success . Two other books have been optioned for films , but they have not been produced ."}]}, {'value': '18 October 1947 - 5 November 1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '50', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacific Palisades , California , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pacific_Palisades,_California', 'summary': 'Pacific Palisades is a coastal neighborhood in the Westside of the city of Los Angeles , California , located among Brentwood to the east , Malibu and Topanga to the west , Santa Monica to the southeast , the Santa Monica Bay to the southwest , and the Santa Monica Mountains to the north . It is about 9 miles northwest of the UCLA campus . The area currently has about 25,000 residents . It is primarily a residential area , with a mixture of large private homes , small ( usually older ) houses , condominiums , and apartments .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jadin Bell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jadin_Bell', 'summary': "Jadin Robert Joseph Bell ( June 4 , 1997 - February 3 , 2013 ) was a child known for his suicide which raised the national profile on youth bullying and gay victimization in bullying . Bell , a 15-year-old gay youth , was intensely bullied both in person and on the internet because he was gay . He was a member of the La Grande High School cheerleading team in La Grande , Oregon , where he was a sophomore . On January 19 , 2013 , Bell went to a local elementary school and hanged himself from the play structure . He did not immediately die from the strangulation and was rushed to the emergency department , where he was kept on life support . The Associated Press reported that a spokesman for the OHSU Hospital in Portland announced that after being taken off life support , Bell died on February 3 , 2013 . Bell 's death was widely reported in the media , starting discussions about bullying , the effect it has on youth , and gay bullying . The Huffington Post , Salon , Oregon Public Broadcasting , The Raw Story , GLAAD , PQ Monthly , Pink News and many other media outlets reported on Bell 's death . The media reported his suicide stemmed from being bullied for being gay , which Bell 's father fully believed , stating : He was hurting so bad . Just the bullying at school . Yeah there were other issues , but ultimately it was all due to the bullying , for not being accepted for being gay . Of Bell 's death , Oregon LGBTQ activist Alex Horsey stated : Sometimes , it can be easy to become disconnected to so many stories like Jadin 's in the media ."}]}, {'value': '4 June 1997 - 3 February 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Grande , Oregon , United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Grande,_Oregon', 'summary': "La Grande /ləˈɡrænd/ is a city in Union County , Oregon , United States . Originally named Brownsville , it was forced to change its name because that name was being used for a city in Linn County . Located in the Grande Ronde Valley , the city 's name comes from an early French settler , Charles Dause , who often used the phrase La Grande to describe the area 's beauty . The population was 13,082 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Union County . La Grande lies east of the Blue Mountains and southeast of Pendleton ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oregon', 'summary': "Oregon ( /ˈɒrɪɡən/ ( listen ) ORR-ih-gən ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States . The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon 's northern boundary with Washington , while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho . The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada . Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders , explorers , and settlers arrived . An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848 . Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14 , 1859 . Today , at 98,000 square miles ( 250,000 km2 ) , Oregon is the ninth largest and , with a population of 4 million , 27th most populous U.S. state . The capital , Salem , is the second most populous city in Oregon , with 169,798 residents . Portland , with 647,805 , ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities . The Portland metropolitan area , which also includes the city of Vancouver , Washington , to the north , ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation , with a population of 2,453,168 . Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S. , marked by volcanoes , abundant bodies of water , dense evergreen and mixed forests , as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands . At 11,249 feet ( 3,429 m ) , Mount Hood , a stratovolcano , is the state 's highest point ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brenda Benet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brenda_Benet', 'summary': 'Brenda Ann Benet ( August 14 , 1945 - April 7 , 1982 ) was an American television and film actress . Benet was best known for her roles on the soap operas The Young Marrieds and Days of Our Lives .'}]}, {'value': '14 August 1945 - 7 April 1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles , California , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': 'B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blake Brockington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Death_of_Blake_Brockington', 'summary': 'Blake Brockington ( May 14 , 1996 - March 23 , 2015 ) was an American trans man whose suicide attracted international attention . He had previously received attention as the first openly transgender high school homecoming king in North Carolina , and had since been advocating for LGBT youth , the transgender community , and against police brutality .'}]}, {'value': '15 May 1996 - 23 March 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charlotte , North Carolina , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Charlotte ( /ˈʃɑːrlət/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Located in the Piedmont , it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County . In 2018 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population was 872,498 , making it the 16th-most populous city in the United States . The city is the cultural , economic , and transportation center of the Charlotte metropolitan area , whose population ranks 23rd in the U.S. , and had a population of 2,569,213 , in 2018 . The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2018 census-estimated population of 2,728,933 . Between 2004 and 2014 , Charlotte was ranked as the country 's fastest-growing metro area , with 888,000 new residents . Based on U.S. Census data from 2005 to 2015 , Charlotte tops the U.S. in millennial population growth . It is the second-largest city in the southeastern United States , just behind Jacksonville , Florida . It is the third-fastest-growing major city in the United States . It is listed as a gamma global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Residents are referred to as Charlotteans . Charlotte is home to the corporate headquarters of Bank of America , Truist Financial , and the east coast operations of Wells Fargo , which along with other financial institutions has made it the second-largest banking center in the United States since 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eylül Cansın', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eylül_Cansın', 'summary': "Eylül Cansın ( 1992 - 5 January 2015 ) was a 23-year-old Turkish transgender woman who committed suicide by jumping off the Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul , Turkey , despite police 's attempts to stop her . She died on impact . Shortly before her death , she posted a suicide note video in Turkish to her Facebook account ."}]}, {'value': '1992 - 5 January 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23-24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Istanbul , Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Istanbul', 'summary': "Istanbul ( /ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ , also US : /ˈɪstænbʊl/ ; Turkish : İstanbul [ isˈtanbuɫ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosporus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus . With a total population of around 15 million residents in its metropolitan area , Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities , ranking as the world 's fifth-largest city proper and the largest European city . The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( coterminous with Istanbul Province ) . Founded under the name of Byzantion ( Βυζάντιον ) on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city grew in size and influence , becoming one of the most important cities in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman/Byzantine ( 330-1204 ) , Latin ( 1204-1261 ) , Palaiologos Byzantine ( 1261-1453 ) and Ottoman ( 1453-1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 CE and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate . Under the name Constantinople it was the Ottoman capital until 1923 . The capital was then moved to Ankara and the city was renamed Istanbul . The city held the strategic position between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean . It was also on the historic Silk Road ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dora Carrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dora_Carrington', 'summary': 'Dora de Houghton Carrington ( 29 March 1893 - 11 March 1932 ) , known generally as Carrington , was an English painter and decorative artist , remembered in part for her association with members of the Bloomsbury Group , especially the writer Lytton Strachey .'}]}, {'value': '29 March 1893 - 11 March 1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ham , Wiltshire , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ham,_Wiltshire', 'summary': 'Ham is a small village and civil parish in Wiltshire , England . The parish borders the county of Berkshire , and the village lies about 3 1⁄4 miles ( 5.2 km ) south of the Berkshire town of Hungerford . Ham Hill is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest .'}]}, {'value': 'L', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leslie Cheung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leslie_Cheung', 'summary': "Leslie Cheung Kwok-wing ( simplified Chinese : 张国荣 ; traditional Chinese : 張國榮 ; Jyutping : Zoeng1 Gwok3-wing4 ; born Cheung Fat-chung ; 12 September 1956 - 1 April 2003 ) was a Hong Kong-Canadian singer and actor . He is considered one of the founding fathers of Cantopop for achieving huge success both in film and music . Cheung debuted in 1977 , and rose to prominence as a teen heartthrob and pop icon of Hong Kong in the 1980s , receiving numerous music awards including Most Popular Male Artist Awards at the 1988 and 1989 Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards . In 1989 , Cheung announced his retirement from the music industry as a pop singer . Returning to the music scene after a five-year hiatus , Cheung released his chart-topping comeback album Most Beloved ( 寵愛 ) which achieved a huge market success . In 1999 , he won the Golden Needle Award for his outstanding achievement as a musician at the RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards , and his 1984 hit song Monica was voted as Hong Kong 's Song of the Century . He was honoured as Asia 's Biggest Superstar at the 2000 CCTV-MTV Music Honours . Cheung won the 1991 Hong Kong Film Award ( Days of Being Wild ) and the 1994 Hong Kong Film Critics Society Award ( Ashes of Time ) for best actor . He had also won the 1994 Japan Film Critics Society Award for best actor for his performance in Farewell My Concubine and ten other best actor nominations , five Golden Horse Awards , three Cannes Film Festival Awards , an Asia Pacific Film Festival Award , and a Venice Film Festival Award . Cheung 's music and films not only captured fans in Hong Kong but also other Asian areas including Taiwan , Singapore , Malaysia , Mainland China , Japan and South Korea . He is the first foreign artist to hold 16 concerts in Japan , a record that has yet to be broken and also a record holder as the best-selling C-pop artist in Korea . Cheung was ranked in the 100 years of Chinese cinema ."}]}, {'value': '12 September 1956 - 1 April 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '46', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hong Kong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hong_Kong', 'summary': "Hong Kong ( /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ ( listen ) ; Chinese : 香港 , Cantonese : [ hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China ( HKSAR ) , is a city and special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China . With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities [ d ] in a 1,104-square-kilometre ( 426 sq mi ) territory , Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world . Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842 . The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War , and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898 . The territory was returned to China in 1997 . As a special administrative region , Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country , two systems . Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages , the territory has become one of the world 's most significant financial centres and commercial ports . It is the world 's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer . As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade , and the currency , Hong Kong dollar , is the eighth most traded currency in the world . Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world . Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , there is severe income inequality among its residents . Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index ."}]}, {'value': 'B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tyler Clementi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyler_Clementi', 'summary': "Tyler Clementi ( December 19 , 1991 - September 22 , 2010 ) was an American student at Rutgers University in New Brunswick , New Jersey , who jumped to his death from the George Washington Bridge at the age of 18 , on September 22 , 2010 . On September 19 , 2010 , Clementi 's roommate , Dharun Ravi , used a webcam on his dorm-room computer and his hallmate Molly Wei 's computer to view , without Clementi 's knowledge , Clementi 's kissing another man . Clementi eventually found out , after Ravi posted about the webcam incident on Twitter . Two days later , Ravi urged friends and Twitter followers to watch via his webcam a second tryst between Clementi and his friend , though the viewing never occurred . Ravi and Wei were federally indicted for their roles in the webcam incidents , though they were not charged with a role in the suicide itself . On May 6 , 2011 , Wei entered a plea agreement allowing her to avoid prosecution . Ravi went to trial in early 2012 , and was convicted on May 21 , 2012 on multiple charges related to the webcam viewing . After an appeals court overturned parts of the conviction , Ravi pleaded guilty to one count of attempted invasion of privacy on October 27 , 2016 . Clementi 's death brought national attention to the issue of cyberbullying and the struggles facing LGBT youth ."}]}, {'value': '19 December 1991 - 10 September 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Piscataway , New Jersey , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Piscataway ( /pɪˈskætəweɪ/ ) is a township in Middlesex County , New Jersey , United States . As of the 2010 United States Census , the township 's population was 56,044 , reflecting an increase of 5,562 ( +11.0% ) from the 50,482 counted in the 2000 Census , which had in turn increased by 3,393 ( +7.2% ) from the 47,089 counted in 1990 . The name Piscataway may be derived from the area 's original Native American residents , transplants from near the Piscataqua River defining the coastal border between New Hampshire and Maine , whose name derives from peske ( branch ) and tegwe ( tidal river ) , or alternatively from pisgeu ( meaning dark night ) and awa ( place of ) or from a Lenape language word meaning great deer or from words meaning place of dark night . The area was appropriated in 1666 by Quakers and Baptists who had left the Puritan colony in New Hampshire . Piscataway Township was formed on December 18 , 1666 , and officially incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21 , 1798 , as part of the state 's initial group of 104 townships . The community , the fifth-oldest municipality in New Jersey , has grown from Native American territory , through a colonial period and is one of the links in the earliest settlement of the Atlantic Ocean seacoast that ultimately led to the formation of the United States . Over the years , portions of Piscataway were taken to form Raritan Township ( March 17 , 1870 , now Edison ) , Dunellen ( October 28 , 1887 ) , Middlesex ( April 9 , 1913 ) and South Plainfield ( March 10 , 1926 ) . Piscataway has advanced educational and research facilities due to the presence of Rutgers University , whose main campus spills into the township . SHI Stadium , home field for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team , is in Piscataway . Part of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School is located in Piscataway as well . In 2008 , Money magazine ranked Piscataway 23rd out of the top 100 places to live in America . In 2014 , the magazine ranked Piscataway 27th out of top 50 places to live in America ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hart Crane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hart_Crane', 'summary': "Harold Hart Crane ( July 21 , 1899 - April 27 , 1932 ) was an American poet . Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of T. S. Eliot , Crane wrote modernist poetry that was difficult , highly stylized , and ambitious in its scope . In his most ambitious work , The Bridge , Crane sought to write an epic poem , in the vein of The Waste Land , that expressed a more optimistic view of modern , urban culture than the one that he found in Eliot 's work . In the years following his suicide at the age of 32 , Crane has been hailed by playwrights , poets , and literary critics alike ( including Robert Lowell , Derek Walcott , Tennessee Williams , and Harold Bloom ) , as being one of the most influential poets of his generation ."}]}, {'value': '21 July 1899 - 27 April 1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York , New York , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York,_New_York', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Davis_(actor)', 'summary': 'Robert Creel Davis ( November 6 , 1949 - September 8 , 1991 ) , known professionally as Brad Davis , was an American actor , known for starring in the 1978 film Midnight Express , Chariots of Fire and the 1982 film Querelle .'}]}, {'value': '6 November 1949 - 8 September 1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '41', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles , California , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': 'B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denice Denton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denice_Denton', 'summary': 'Denice Dee Denton ( August 27 , 1959 - June 24 , 2006 ) was an American professor of electrical engineering and academic administrator . She was the ninth chancellor of the University of California , Santa Cruz .'}]}, {'value': '27 August 1959 - 24 June 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '46', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz , California , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California', 'summary': "Santa Cruz ( /ˈsæntə ˈkruːz/ ; Spanish for Holy Cross ) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County , California . As of 2018 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruz 's population at 64,725 . Situated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay , about 32 mi ( 51 km ) south of San Jose and 75 mi ( 120 km ) south of San Francisco , the city is part of the 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area . Santa Cruz is known for its moderate climate , natural environment , coastline , redwood forests , alternative community lifestyles , and socially liberal leanings . It is also home to the University of California , Santa Cruz , a premier research institution and educational hub , as well as the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk , an oceanfront amusement park operating continuously since 1907 . The present-day site of Santa Cruz was the location of Spanish settlement beginning in 1791 , including Mission Santa Cruz and the pueblo of Branciforte . The City of Santa Cruz was incorporated in 1866 and chartered in April 1876 . Important early industries included lumber , gunpowder , lime and agriculture . Late in the 19th century , Santa Cruz established itself as a beach resort community ."}]}, {'value': 'L', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas M. Disch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_M._Disch', 'summary': "Thomas Michael Disch ( February 2 , 1940 - July 4 , 2008 ) was an American science fiction author and poet . He won the Hugo Award for Best Related Book - previously called Best Non-Fiction Book - in 1999 , and he had two other Hugo nominations and nine Nebula Award nominations to his credit , plus one win of the John W. Campbell Memorial Award , a Rhysling Award , and two Seiun Awards , among others . In the 1960s , his work began appearing in science-fiction magazines . His critically acclaimed science fiction novels , The Genocides , Camp Concentration and 334 are major contributions to the New Wave science fiction movement . In 1996 , his book The Castle of Indolence : On Poetry , Poets , and Poetasters was nominated for the National Book Critics Circle Award , and in 1999 , Disch won the Nonfiction Hugo for The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of , a meditation on the impact of science fiction on our culture , as well as the Michael Braude Award for Light Verse . Among his other nonfiction work , he wrote theatre and opera criticism for The New York Times , The Nation , and other periodicals . He published several volumes of poetry as Tom Disch . Following an extended period of depression following the death in 2005 of his life-partner , Charles Naylor , Disch stopped writing almost entirely , except for poetry and blog entries - although he did produce two novellas . Disch killed himself by gunshot on July 4 , 2008 in his apartment in Manhattan , New York City . Naylor and Disch are buried alongside each other at Saint Johns Episcopal Church Columbarium , Dubuque , Iowa . His last book , The Word of God , which was written shortly before Naylor died , had just been published a few days before Disch 's death ."}]}, {'value': '2 February 1940 - 4 July 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York , New York , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York,_New_York', 'summary': "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Justin Fashanu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justin_Fashanu', 'summary': 'Justinus Soni Justin Fashanu ( /ˈfæʃənuː/ ; 19 February 1961 - 2 May 1998 ) was an English footballer who played for a variety of clubs between 1978 and 1997 . He was known by his early clubs to be gay , and came out to the press later in his career , becoming the first professional footballer to be openly gay . He was also the first black footballer to command a £1million transfer fee , with his transfer from Norwich City to Nottingham Forest in 1981 , but had little success as a player afterwards , although he continued to play at senior level until 1994 . After moving to the United States , in 1998 he was questioned by police when a seventeen-year-old boy accused him of sexual assault . He was charged , and an arrest warrant for him was issued in Howard County , Maryland on 3 April 1998 , but he had already left his flat . According to his suicide note , fearing he would not get a fair trial because of his homosexuality , he fled to England where he killed himself in London in May 1998 . His suicide note stated that the sex was consensual . In 2020 , Fashanu was inducted into the National Football Museum Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': '19 February 1961 - 2 May 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norfolk , England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norfolk', 'summary': "Norfolk ( /ˈnɔːrfək/ ) is a county in East Anglia in England . It borders Lincolnshire to the northwest , Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest , and Suffolk to the south . Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and to the north-west , The Wash . The county town is Norwich . With an area of 2,074 square miles ( 5,370 km2 ) and a population of 859,400 , Norfolk is a largely rural county with a population density of 401 per square mile ( 155 per km2 ) . Of the county 's population , 40% live in four major built up areas : Norwich ( 213,000 ) , Great Yarmouth ( 63,000 ) , King 's Lynn ( 46,000 ) and Thetford ( 25,000 ) . The Broads is a network of rivers and lakes in the east of the county , extending south into Suffolk . The area is not a national park although it is marketed as such . It has similar status to a national park , and is protected by the Broads Authority ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Bobby Wayne Griffith', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Prayers_for_Bobby:_A_Mother's_Coming_to_Terms_with_the_Suicide_of_Her_Gay_Son", 'summary': "Prayers for Bobby : A Mother 's Coming to Terms with the Suicide of Her Gay Son is a book by Leroy F. Aarons that outlines a mother 's experience in coming to terms with the suicide of her gay son . On January 24 , 2009 , the TV film Prayers for Bobby , an adaptation of the book starring Sigourney Weaver and Ryan Kelley in the title role as Bobby , was shown on the Lifetime cable network ."}]}, {'value': '24 June 1963 - 27 August 1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portland , Oregon , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portland,_Oregon', 'summary': "Portland ( /ˈpɔːrtlənd/ ; PORT-lənd ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County . It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest , at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers . As of 2018 , Portland had an estimated population of 653,115 , making it the 25th most populated city in the United States , and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle . Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) , making it the 25th most populous in the United States . Its combined statistical area ( CSA ) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million . Approximately 60% of Oregon 's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area . [ a ] Named after Portland , Maine , the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail . Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods , and the timber industry was a major force in the city 's early economy . At the turn of the 20th century , the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world , a hub for organized crime and racketeering . After the city 's economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II , its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate . Beginning in the 1960s , Portland became noted for its growing progressive political values , earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture . The city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro , the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ash Haffner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ash_Haffner', 'summary': 'Ash Haffner was a North Carolina student who died by suicide in 2015 at age 16 , after being bullied for years because they identified as LGBTQ .'}]}, {'value': '28 December 1998 - 26 February 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charlotte , North Carolina , US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Charlotte ( /ˈʃɑːrlət/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Located in the Piedmont , it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County . In 2018 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population was 872,498 , making it the 16th-most populous city in the United States . The city is the cultural , economic , and transportation center of the Charlotte metropolitan area , whose population ranks 23rd in the U.S. , and had a population of 2,569,213 , in 2018 . The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2018 census-estimated population of 2,728,933 . Between 2004 and 2014 , Charlotte was ranked as the country 's fastest-growing metro area , with 888,000 new residents . Based on U.S. Census data from 2005 to 2015 , Charlotte tops the U.S. in millennial population growth . It is the second-largest city in the southeastern United States , just behind Jacksonville , Florida . It is the third-fastest-growing major city in the United States . It is listed as a gamma global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Residents are referred to as Charlotteans . Charlotte is home to the corporate headquarters of Bank of America , Truist Financial , and the east coast operations of Wells Fargo , which along with other financial institutions has made it the second-largest banking center in the United States since 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'T', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamie Hubley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allan_Hubley', 'summary': 'Allan Hubley is a municipal politician in Ottawa , Ontario , who has served as an Ottawa City Councillor for Kanata South Ward since 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '23 November 1995 - 14 October 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ottawa , Ontario , Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario', 'summary': 'Ottawa ( /ˈɒtəwə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɒtəwɑː/ ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ ɔtawa ] ) is the capital city of Canada . It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario . Ottawa borders Gatineau , Quebec ; the two form the core of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area ( CMA ) and the National Capital Region ( NCR ) . As of 2016 , Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada . In June 2019 , the City of Ottawa estimated it had surpassed a population of a million . Founded in 1826 as Bytown , and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855 , the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada . Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area . The city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River , the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa , meaning to trade . Ottawa has the most educated population among Canadian cities and is home to a number of post-secondary , research , and cultural institutions , including the National Arts Centre , the National Gallery , and numerous national museums .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'This is a list of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender people whose suicides were deemed sufficiently notable to be reported by the media . This includes people who were , and whose peers suspected to be , part of the LGBT community .', 'uid': 'List_of_LGBT-related_suicides_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people whose suicides were deemed sufficiently notable to be reported by the media. This includes people who were, and whose peers suspected to be, part of the LGBT community.'}
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What was the profession of the LGBT individual who was the first black person in his profession to command a £1million transfer fee and was from Norfolk , England ?
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Footballer
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ff85420e4423900f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Scotland', 'title': 'List of cathedrals in Scotland', 'header': ['Name & dedication', 'Presbytery', 'Established', 'Website', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': 'St Machar , Aberdeen', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Machar's_Cathedral", 'summary': "St Machar 's Cathedral ( or , more formally , the Cathedral Church of St Machar ) is a Church of Scotland church in Aberdeen , Scotland . It is located to the north of the city centre , in the former burgh of Old Aberdeen . Technically , St Machar 's is no longer a cathedral but rather a high kirk , as it has not been the seat of a bishop since 1690 ."}]}, {'value': 'Aberdeen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Aberdeen', 'summary': 'The Presbytery of Aberdeen is one of the forty-six presbyteries of the Church of Scotland , being the local presbytery for the city of Aberdeen . The current moderator is the Rev Hutton Steel who is minister of High Hilton Parish Church . The presbytery represents and supervises thirty six Church of Scotland congregations within the city . The office is at Mastrick Parish Church . The role of Presbytery Clerk is held by the Rev Dr John A Ferguson .'}]}, {'value': '1131', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .stmachars .com', 'urls': []}, {'value': "57°10′11″N 2°06′08″W / 57.1698°N 2.1021°W / 57.1698 ; -2.1021 ( St Machar 's Cathedral Aberdeen )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brechin Cathedral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brechin_Cathedral', 'summary': 'Brechin Cathedral dates from the 13th century . As a congregation of the Church of Scotland , which is Presbyterian , the church is not technically a cathedral , in spite of its name . It is in the Pointed style , but suffered maltreatment in 1806 at the hands of restorers , whose work was subsequently removed during the restoration completed in 1902 . The western gable with its flamboyant window , Gothic door and massive square tower , parts of the ( much truncated ) choir , and the nave pillars and clerestory are all that is left of the original edifice . The modern stained glass in the chancel is reckoned amongst the finest in Scotland . The Cathedral is a category A listed building and the attached Round Tower is a scheduled monument .'}]}, {'value': 'Angus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Angus', 'summary': "The Church of Scotland has a Presbyterian structure , which means it is organised under a hierarchy of courts . Traditionally there were four levels of courts : the Kirk Session ( at congregational level ) , the Presbytery ( at local area level ) , the Synod ( at a regional level ) and the General Assembly ( the Church 's highest court ) . However , the synods were abolished in the early 1990s . Scottish local government was reorganised in 1975 , creating a new system of regions and districts to replace the long-standing counties and burghs . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also ordered a major reorganisation of presbyteries in the mid-1970s , redrawing presbytery boundaries to make them broadly contiguous with the then-new local government boundaries . An example was the union of the former Presbyteries of Cupar and St Andrews , creating a new Presbytery of St Andrews ( which also included the Parishes of Newport-on-Tay , Wormit and Tayport , previously in the Presbytery of Dundee ) . This new Presbytery 's boundaries mirrored the North East Fife District Council . Following further local government reorganisation in the 1990s ( replacing regions and districts with a single-tier system of councils ) , it was proposed to further considerably reduce the number of Presbyteries ( possibly to as few as seven ) . This proposal was rejected by the General Assembly . Since 2003 several presbyteries have voluntarily sought permission to merge , as described below . Despite these mergers the existing Presbytery numbering system is being retained , albeit now with some gaps . It is the presbyteries which have oversight of parishes and pastoral responsibility for parish ministers , and the Kirk Sessions of the individual parishes are subordinated to them ."}]}, {'value': '13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'brechincathedral .org .uk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '56°43′55″N 2°39′42″W / 56.731944°N 2.661667°W / 56.731944 ; -2.661667 ( Brechin Cathedral )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dornoch Cathedral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dornoch_Cathedral', 'summary': "Dornoch Cathedral is a parish church in the Church of Scotland , serving the small Sutherland town of Dornoch , in the Scottish Highlands . As a congregation of the Church of Scotland , which is Presbyterian , the church is not the seat of a bishop but retains the name due to being , historically , the seat of the Bishop of Caithness . The Cathedral 's churchyard is adjoined by Dornoch Castle , the somewhat reconstructed remains of the medieval palace of the Bishops of Caithness ."}]}, {'value': 'Sutherand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Sutherand', 'summary': "The Church of Scotland has a Presbyterian structure , which means it is organised under a hierarchy of courts . Traditionally there were four levels of courts : the Kirk Session ( at congregational level ) , the Presbytery ( at local area level ) , the Synod ( at a regional level ) and the General Assembly ( the Church 's highest court ) . However , the synods were abolished in the early 1990s . Scottish local government was reorganised in 1975 , creating a new system of regions and districts to replace the long-standing counties and burghs . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also ordered a major reorganisation of presbyteries in the mid-1970s , redrawing presbytery boundaries to make them broadly contiguous with the then-new local government boundaries . An example was the union of the former Presbyteries of Cupar and St Andrews , creating a new Presbytery of St Andrews ( which also included the Parishes of Newport-on-Tay , Wormit and Tayport , previously in the Presbytery of Dundee ) . This new Presbytery 's boundaries mirrored the North East Fife District Council . Following further local government reorganisation in the 1990s ( replacing regions and districts with a single-tier system of councils ) , it was proposed to further considerably reduce the number of Presbyteries ( possibly to as few as seven ) . This proposal was rejected by the General Assembly . Since 2003 several presbyteries have voluntarily sought permission to merge , as described below . Despite these mergers the existing Presbytery numbering system is being retained , albeit now with some gaps . It is the presbyteries which have oversight of parishes and pastoral responsibility for parish ministers , and the Kirk Sessions of the individual parishes are subordinated to them ."}]}, {'value': '13th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .dornoch-cathedral .com', 'urls': []}, {'value': '57°52′52″N 4°01′47″W / 57.881128°N 4.029622°W / 57.881128 ; -4.029622 ( Dornoch Cathedral )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunblane Cathedral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunblane_Cathedral', 'summary': 'Dunblane Cathedral is the larger of the two Church of Scotland parish churches serving Dunblane , near the city of Stirling , in central Scotland . The lower half of the tower is pre-Romanesque from the 11th century , and was originally free-standing , with an upper part added in the 15th century . Most of the rest of the building is Gothic , from the 13th century . The building was restored by Rowand Anderson from 1889-93 .'}]}, {'value': 'Stirling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Stirling', 'summary': "The Church of Scotland has a Presbyterian structure , which means it is organised under a hierarchy of courts . Traditionally there were four levels of courts : the Kirk Session ( at congregational level ) , the Presbytery ( at local area level ) , the Synod ( at a regional level ) and the General Assembly ( the Church 's highest court ) . However , the synods were abolished in the early 1990s . Scottish local government was reorganised in 1975 , creating a new system of regions and districts to replace the long-standing counties and burghs . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also ordered a major reorganisation of presbyteries in the mid-1970s , redrawing presbytery boundaries to make them broadly contiguous with the then-new local government boundaries . An example was the union of the former Presbyteries of Cupar and St Andrews , creating a new Presbytery of St Andrews ( which also included the Parishes of Newport-on-Tay , Wormit and Tayport , previously in the Presbytery of Dundee ) . This new Presbytery 's boundaries mirrored the North East Fife District Council . Following further local government reorganisation in the 1990s ( replacing regions and districts with a single-tier system of councils ) , it was proposed to further considerably reduce the number of Presbyteries ( possibly to as few as seven ) . This proposal was rejected by the General Assembly . Since 2003 several presbyteries have voluntarily sought permission to merge , as described below . Despite these mergers the existing Presbytery numbering system is being retained , albeit now with some gaps . It is the presbyteries which have oversight of parishes and pastoral responsibility for parish ministers , and the Kirk Sessions of the individual parishes are subordinated to them ."}]}, {'value': '7th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .dunblanecathedral .org .uk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '56°11′22″N 3°57′55″W / 56.189419°N 3.96525°W / 56.189419 ; -3.96525 ( Dunblane Cathedral )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunkeld Cathedral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunkeld_Cathedral', 'summary': "Dunkeld Cathedral is a Church of Scotland place of worship which stands on the north bank of the River Tay in Dunkeld , Perth and Kinross , Scotland . Built in square-stone style of predominantly grey sandstone , the cathedral proper was begun in 1260 and completed in 1501 . It stands on the site of the former Culdee Monastery of Dunkeld , stones from which can be seen as an irregular reddish streak in the eastern gable . It is not formally a 'cathedral ' , as the Church of Scotland nowadays has neither cathedrals nor bishops , but it is one of a number of similar former cathedrals which has continued to carry the name ."}]}, {'value': 'Dunkeld and Meigle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Dunkeld_and_Meigle', 'summary': "The Church of Scotland has a Presbyterian structure , which means it is organised under a hierarchy of courts . Traditionally there were four levels of courts : the Kirk Session ( at congregational level ) , the Presbytery ( at local area level ) , the Synod ( at a regional level ) and the General Assembly ( the Church 's highest court ) . However , the synods were abolished in the early 1990s . Scottish local government was reorganised in 1975 , creating a new system of regions and districts to replace the long-standing counties and burghs . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also ordered a major reorganisation of presbyteries in the mid-1970s , redrawing presbytery boundaries to make them broadly contiguous with the then-new local government boundaries . An example was the union of the former Presbyteries of Cupar and St Andrews , creating a new Presbytery of St Andrews ( which also included the Parishes of Newport-on-Tay , Wormit and Tayport , previously in the Presbytery of Dundee ) . This new Presbytery 's boundaries mirrored the North East Fife District Council . Following further local government reorganisation in the 1990s ( replacing regions and districts with a single-tier system of councils ) , it was proposed to further considerably reduce the number of Presbyteries ( possibly to as few as seven ) . This proposal was rejected by the General Assembly . Since 2003 several presbyteries have voluntarily sought permission to merge , as described below . Despite these mergers the existing Presbytery numbering system is being retained , albeit now with some gaps . It is the presbyteries which have oversight of parishes and pastoral responsibility for parish ministers , and the Kirk Sessions of the individual parishes are subordinated to them ."}]}, {'value': '1260', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .dunkeldcathedral .org .uk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '56°33′54″N 3°35′23″W / 56.565°N 3.589722°W / 56.565 ; -3.589722 ( Dunkeld Cathedral )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Giles , Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Giles'_Cathedral", 'summary': "St Giles ' Cathedral , or the High Kirk of Edinburgh , is a parish church of the Church of Scotland located in the Old Town of Edinburgh . Likely founded in the 12th century and dedicated to Saint Giles , the church was elevated to collegiate status by Pope Paul II in 1467 . In 1559 , the church became Protestant with John Knox , the foremost figure of the Scottish Reformation , as its minister . After the Reformation , St Giles ' was internally partitioned to serve multiple congregations as well as secular purposes , including as a prison , and as meeting places for the Court of Session and the Parliament of Scotland . During periods of episcopacy within the Church of Scotland , St Giles ' briefly served as a cathedral in the 17th century . In 1637 , a riot at St Giles ' against the religious reforms of Charles I precipitated the formation of the Covenanters and the beginnings of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms . In the 19th century , St Giles ' was restored and the internal partitions were removed . The current church building dates from the 14th century onwards and its distinctive crown steeple is one of Edinburgh 's best-known landmarks . Since the medieval period , St Giles ' has been the site of nationally important events and services and the chapel of the Order of the Thistle is located here . The church 's role in the Scottish Reformation and the Covenanters Rebellion has led to its being called the Mother Church of World Presbyterianism . Alongside housing an active congregation , the church is one of Scotland 's most popular visitor sites , welcoming over a million visitors in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Edinburgh', 'summary': 'The Presbytery of Edinburgh is one of the forty-six presbyteries of the Church of Scotland , being the local presbytery for Edinburgh . Its boundary is almost identical to that of the City of Edinburgh Council area ( i.e . also including Kirkliston and South Queensferry ) . The current Clerk is the Reverend Marjorie McPherson . The Presbytery represents and supervises 83 Church of Scotland congregations within the area .'}]}, {'value': '12th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .stgilescathedral .org .uk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55°56′58″N 3°11′27″W / 55.949444°N 3.190833°W / 55.949444 ; -3.190833 ( St Giles Cathedral , Edinburgh )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Mungo , Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral', 'summary': "Glasgow Cathedral , also called the High Kirk of Glasgow or St Kentigern 's or St Mungo 's Cathedral , is the oldest cathedral on mainland Scotland and is the oldest building in Glasgow . Since the Reformation the cathedral continues in public ownership , within the responsibility of Historic Environment Scotland . The congregation is part of the established Church of Scotland 's Presbytery of Glasgow and its services and associations are open to all . The cathedral and its kirkyard are at the top of High Street , at Cathedral Street . Immediately neighbouring it are Glasgow Royal Infirmary , opened in 1794 , and the elevated Glasgow Necropolis , opened in 1833 . Nearby are the Provand 's Lordship , Glasgow 's oldest house and its herbal medical gardens , the Barony Hall ( Barony Church ) , University of Strathclyde , Cathedral Square , Glasgow Evangelical Church ( North Barony Church ) , and St Mungo Museum ."}]}, {'value': 'Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Glasgow', 'summary': 'The Presbytery of Glasgow is one of the 46 Presbyteries of the Church of Scotland . It dates back to the earliest periods of Presbyterian church government in the Church of Scotland in the late 16th century . The Presbytery of Glasgow currently has 125 congregations , making it by far the largest Presbytery in the Church of Scotland . Congregations vary in location from suburbs and urban priority areas ( representing part of the poorest 5% of Scotlands population ) to outlying towns and villages . The Presbytery boundaries extend beyond the City of Glasgow to include parts of four other local authority areas ( East Dunbartonshire , East Renfrewshire , North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire ) .'}]}, {'value': '1136', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .glasgowcathedral .org .uk', 'urls': []}, {'value': "55°51′47″N 4°14′05″W / 55.863°N 4.2346°W / 55.863 ; -4.2346 ( St Mungo 's Cathedral , Glasgow )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Magnus , Kirkwall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral', 'summary': "St Magnus Cathedral , Kirkwall dominates the skyline of Kirkwall , the main town of Orkney , a group of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland . It is the most northerly cathedral in the United Kingdom , a fine example of Romanesque architecture built for the bishops of Orkney when the islands were ruled by the Norse Earls of Orkney . It is owned not by the church , but by the burgh of Kirkwall as a result of an act of King James III of Scotland following Orkney 's annexation by the Scottish Crown in 1468 . It has its own dungeon . Construction began in 1137 , and it was added to over the next 300 years . The first bishop was William the Old , and the diocese was under the authority of the Archbishop of Nidaros in Norway . It was for Bishop William that the nearby Bishop 's Palace was built . Before the Reformation , the cathedral was presided over by the Bishop of Orkney , whose seat was in Kirkwall ."}]}, {'value': 'Orkney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Orkney', 'summary': "The Church of Scotland has a Presbyterian structure , which means it is organised under a hierarchy of courts . Traditionally there were four levels of courts : the Kirk Session ( at congregational level ) , the Presbytery ( at local area level ) , the Synod ( at a regional level ) and the General Assembly ( the Church 's highest court ) . However , the synods were abolished in the early 1990s . Scottish local government was reorganised in 1975 , creating a new system of regions and districts to replace the long-standing counties and burghs . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also ordered a major reorganisation of presbyteries in the mid-1970s , redrawing presbytery boundaries to make them broadly contiguous with the then-new local government boundaries . An example was the union of the former Presbyteries of Cupar and St Andrews , creating a new Presbytery of St Andrews ( which also included the Parishes of Newport-on-Tay , Wormit and Tayport , previously in the Presbytery of Dundee ) . This new Presbytery 's boundaries mirrored the North East Fife District Council . Following further local government reorganisation in the 1990s ( replacing regions and districts with a single-tier system of councils ) , it was proposed to further considerably reduce the number of Presbyteries ( possibly to as few as seven ) . This proposal was rejected by the General Assembly . Since 2003 several presbyteries have voluntarily sought permission to merge , as described below . Despite these mergers the existing Presbytery numbering system is being retained , albeit now with some gaps . It is the presbyteries which have oversight of parishes and pastoral responsibility for parish ministers , and the Kirk Sessions of the individual parishes are subordinated to them ."}]}, {'value': '1137', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'www .stmagnus .org', 'urls': []}, {'value': '58°58′56″N 2°57′32″W / 58.982222°N 2.958889°W / 58.982222 ; -2.958889 ( St Magnus Cathedral , Kirkwall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Moluag , Lismore', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Moluag's_Cathedral,_Lismore", 'summary': "St. Moluag 's Cathedral is located on the Scottish island of Lismore just off the coast of Oban . As a congregation of the Church of Scotland , which is Presbyterian , the church is not technically a cathedral , in spite of its name ."}]}, {'value': 'Argyll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presbytery_of_Argyll', 'summary': "The Church of Scotland has a Presbyterian structure , which means it is organised under a hierarchy of courts . Traditionally there were four levels of courts : the Kirk Session ( at congregational level ) , the Presbytery ( at local area level ) , the Synod ( at a regional level ) and the General Assembly ( the Church 's highest court ) . However , the synods were abolished in the early 1990s . Scottish local government was reorganised in 1975 , creating a new system of regions and districts to replace the long-standing counties and burghs . The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland also ordered a major reorganisation of presbyteries in the mid-1970s , redrawing presbytery boundaries to make them broadly contiguous with the then-new local government boundaries . An example was the union of the former Presbyteries of Cupar and St Andrews , creating a new Presbytery of St Andrews ( which also included the Parishes of Newport-on-Tay , Wormit and Tayport , previously in the Presbytery of Dundee ) . This new Presbytery 's boundaries mirrored the North East Fife District Council . Following further local government reorganisation in the 1990s ( replacing regions and districts with a single-tier system of councils ) , it was proposed to further considerably reduce the number of Presbyteries ( possibly to as few as seven ) . This proposal was rejected by the General Assembly . Since 2003 several presbyteries have voluntarily sought permission to merge , as described below . Despite these mergers the existing Presbytery numbering system is being retained , albeit now with some gaps . It is the presbyteries which have oversight of parishes and pastoral responsibility for parish ministers , and the Kirk Sessions of the individual parishes are subordinated to them ."}]}, {'value': '592', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'isleoflismore.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': "56°32′04″N 5°28′50″W / 56.534444°N 5.480556°W / 56.534444 ; -5.480556 ( St Moluag 's Cathedral , Lismore )", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Church of Scotland', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_cathedrals_in_Scotland_0', 'intro': "This is a list of cathedrals in Scotland. A cathedral church is a Christian place of worship that is the chief, or 'mother' church of a diocese. The distinction of cathedral refers to that church being the location of the cathedra, the seat of the bishop. In the strictest sense, only Christian denominations with an episcopal hierarchy - those that are led by bishops - possess cathedrals. However in common parlance, the title cathedral is often still used to refer to former Scottish cathedrals, which are now within the (presbyterian) Church of Scotland. Because of Scotland's religious history, cathedrals of several different Christian denominations are found around the country. Before the Scottish Reformation, the Christian church in Scotland was Catholic. Its thirteen dioceses were each governed by a bishop whose Episcopal see was centred on a cathedral. In 1560, the Scottish church broke communion with Rome and became Protestant. After years of dispute, the post-Reformation Church of Scotland finally abolished the Episcopacy in 1689 and adopted the Presbyterian system of governance. Scotland's former cathedrals remained in use as parish churches, now organised under a system of synods and presbyteries. The Scottish Episcopal Church formed as a breakaway from the Established Church of Scotland, retaining the system of bishops, was Anglican, but it was excluded from mainstream religious life."}
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For the cathedral with the website www.stmagnus.org , who was the first bishop ?
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William the Old
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ff857c1406292889
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taniec_z_Gwiazdami_(season_12)', 'title': 'Taniec z Gwiazdami (season 12)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Best dancer', 'Best score', 'Worst dancer', 'Worst score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cha-Cha-Cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Monika Pyrek Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorota Zawadzka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz_(International_Standard)', 'summary': 'Waltz is one of the five dances in the Standard ( or Modern ) category of the International Style ballroom dances . It was previously referred to as Slow Waltz or English Waltz . Waltz is usually the first dance in the Dancesport competition rounds . It is danced exclusively in the closed position , unlike its American Style counterpart .'}]}, {'value': 'Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcin Kwaśny', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Niklińska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński Patricia Kazadi Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Kalata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Kalata', 'summary': "Anna Kalata ( born 10 May 1964 , Milanówek , Poland ) is a Polish politician , celebrity and occasional actress . She was a member of the populist Samoobrona party . In Jarosław Kaczyński 's cabinet she was the minister of labour and social policy . She participated in the 12th season of Taniec z Gwiazdami ( the Polish version of Dancing With The Stars ) . After losing 38 kilograms ( 84 lb ) she appeared on the cover of Shape magazine ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robert Korzeniowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Korzeniowski', 'summary': 'Robert Marek Korzeniowski ( born 30 July 1968 ) is a Polish former racewalker . He won four gold medals at the Summer Olympics and three at world championships . Korzeniowski is a three-peat winner of the 50 km walk at the Summer Olympics . He won 1996 in Atlanta , 2000 in Sydney , and 2004 in Athens . In addition , he became the first athlete to claim both the long distance and the short distance crown , when he won the 20 km title at the 2000 games .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi Maria Niklińska Monika Pyrek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcin Kwaśny', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrzej Gołota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrzej_Gołota', 'summary': 'Andrzej Jan Gołota ( Polish : [ ˈandʐɛj ˈgɔwɔta ] ; born 5 January 1968 ) , best known as Andrew Golota , is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013 . He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title ( by all four major sanctioning bodies ) , and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics . Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins , Golota is best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for low blows in fights that he appeared to be winning .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso Doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_Doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi Paweł Staliński', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Kalata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Kalata', 'summary': "Anna Kalata ( born 10 May 1964 , Milanówek , Poland ) is a Polish politician , celebrity and occasional actress . She was a member of the populist Samoobrona party . In Jarosław Kaczyński 's cabinet she was the minister of labour and social policy . She participated in the 12th season of Taniec z Gwiazdami ( the Polish version of Dancing With The Stars ) . After losing 38 kilograms ( 84 lb ) she appeared on the cover of Shape magazine ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Maria Niklińska Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorota Zawadzka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viennese Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viennese_Waltz', 'summary': "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ."}]}, {'value': 'Edyta Górniak Paweł Staliński Monika Pyrek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrzej Gołota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrzej_Gołota', 'summary': 'Andrzej Jan Gołota ( Polish : [ ˈandʐɛj ˈgɔwɔta ] ; born 5 January 1968 ) , best known as Andrew Golota , is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013 . He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title ( by all four major sanctioning bodies ) , and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics . Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins , Golota is best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for low blows in fights that he appeared to be winning .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salsa_(dance)', 'summary': 'Salsa is a Latin dance associated with the music genre of the same name which originated in the 1960s in New York City . Salsa is an amalgamation of Cuban dances that were popular in the ballrooms and nightclubs of Havana by the end of the 1950s ( e.g . casino , mambo and pachanga ) , as well as American jazz dances . It was primarily developed by Puerto Ricans living in New York ( Nuyoricans ) in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Different regions of Latin America and the United States have distinct salsa styles of their own , such as Cuban , Puerto Rican , Cali Colombia , L.A. and New York styles . Salsa dance socials are commonly held in nightclubs , bars , ballrooms , restaurants , and outside , especially when part of an outdoor festival . In many styles of salsa dancing , as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes . Weight shifts cause the hips to move . Arm and shoulder movements are also incorporated . Salsa generally uses music ranging from about 150 bpm ( beats per minute ) to around 250 bpm , although most dancing is done to music somewhere between 160-220 bpm . The basic Salsa dance rhythm consists of taking three steps for every four beats of music . The odd number of steps creates the syncopation inherent to Salsa dancing and ensures that it takes 8 beats of music to loop back to a new sequence of steps .'}]}, {'value': 'Patricia Kazadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Kazadi', 'summary': 'Patricia Trish Tshilanda Kazadi ( born 17 March 1988 in Warsaw ) is a Polish actress , singer , dancer , and television personality .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrzej Gołota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrzej_Gołota', 'summary': 'Andrzej Jan Gołota ( Polish : [ ˈandʐɛj ˈgɔwɔta ] ; born 5 January 1968 ) , best known as Andrew Golota , is a Polish former professional boxer who competed from 1992 to 2013 . He challenged four times for a heavyweight world title ( by all four major sanctioning bodies ) , and as an amateur won a bronze medal in the heavyweight division at the 1988 Olympics . Despite his accomplishments and more than 40 professional wins , Golota is best known for twice being disqualified against Riddick Bowe for low blows in fights that he appeared to be winning .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz in American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz_(International_Standard)', 'summary': 'Waltz is one of the five dances in the Standard ( or Modern ) category of the International Style ballroom dances . It was previously referred to as Slow Waltz or English Waltz . Waltz is usually the first dance in the Dancesport competition rounds . It is danced exclusively in the closed position , unlike its American Style counterpart .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Maria Niklińska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Niklińska', 'summary': 'Maria Niklińska ( born December 28 , 1983 ) is a Polish actress and singer . In 2003 , she starred in the film An Ancient Tale : When the Sun Was a God directed by Jerzy Hoffman .'}]}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dorota Zawadzka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep in American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Andrzej Deskur', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot in American Smooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Smooth', 'summary': 'This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :'}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentine Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentine_Tango', 'summary': "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ."}]}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński Monika Pyrek Edyta Górniak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Edyta_Górniak', 'summary': 'Edyta Anna Górniak ( Polish pronunciation : [ ɛˈdɨta ˈɡurɲak ] ) ( born 14 November 1972 ) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades . She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves . [ citation needed ] Górniak started as a musical theatre actress in 1990 . She performed in the most popular musical in Polish history , the Tony Award-nominated Metro . Some of its shows took place on Broadway . With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 Górniak began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally . She is the recipient of the Bronze Medal for Merit to Culture - Gloria Artis .'}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paweł Staliński Monika Pyrek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monika_Pyrek', 'summary': "Monika Zofia Pyrek-Rokita ( born August 11 , 1980 ) is a retired Polish pole vaulter . Born in Gdynia , competing at the 2004 Olympics , she placed fourth with 4.55 metres , just behind another Polish pole vaulter born in Gdynia , Anna Rogowska . Monika Pyrek won a silver medal in the 2005 World Championships in Athletics with the result 4.60 m. She also won the silver medal at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Monika Pyrek 's personal best is 4.82 metres . She has won the Polish Championship several times , most recently at the 2007 Polish Athletics Championships in Poznań ."}]}, {'value': '40', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Highest and lowest scoring performances', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges ' marks are as follows :", 'uid': 'Taniec_z_Gwiazdami_(season_12)_1', 'intro': 'The 12th season of Taniec z Gwiazdami, the Polish edition of Dancing With the Stars, started on 5 September 2010 and ended on 28 November 2010. It was broadcast by TVN. Katarzyna Skrzynecka and Piotr Gąsowski continued as the hosts, and the judges were: Iwona Szymańska-Pavlović, Zbigniew Wodecki, Beata Tyszkiewicz and Piotr Galiński.'}
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Before she competed in season 12 of Taniec z Gwiazdami performing a dance frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , she competed for Poland in the 2004 Summer Olympics , in which she received what place ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_17)', 'title': 'Dancing with the Stars (American season 17)', 'header': ['Dance', 'Highest scored dancer ( s )', 'Highest score', 'Lowest scored dancer ( s )', 'Lowest score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cha-cha-cha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)', 'summary': "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ."}]}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Berkley Lauren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Berkley', 'summary': "Elizabeth Berkley ( born July 28 , 1972 ) [ a ] is an American actress and reality show personality . Berkley 's most notable roles were as Jessie Spano in the television series Saved by the Bell , and as Nomi Malone in the 1995 Paul Verhoeven film Showgirls ."}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Nye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Nye', 'summary': "William Sanford Nye ( born November 27 , 1955 ) , popularly known as Bill Nye the Science Guy , is an American science communicator , television presenter , and mechanical engineer . He is best known as the host of the PBS and syndicated children 's science show Bill Nye the Science Guy ( 1993-1998 ) , the Netflix show Bill Nye Saves the World ( 2017-2018 ) , and for his many subsequent appearances in popular media as a science educator . Nye began his career as a mechanical engineer for Boeing Corporation in Seattle , where he invented a hydraulic resonance suppressor tube used on 747 airplanes . In 1986 , Nye left Boeing to pursue comedy , writing and performing jokes and bits for the local sketch television show Almost Live ! , where he regularly conducted wacky science experiments . Nye aspired to become the next Mr. Wizard , and with the help of several producers , successfully pitched the children 's television program Bill Nye the Science Guy to KCTS-TV , Seattle 's public television station . The show - which proudly proclaimed in its theme song that science rules ! - ran from 1993 to 1998 in national TV syndication . Known for its high-energy presentation and MTV-paced segments , the program became a hit among kids and adults , was critically acclaimed and was nominated for 23 Emmy Awards , winning 19 . Following the success of his show , Nye continued to advocate for science , becoming the CEO of the Planetary Society and helping develop sundials for the Mars Exploration Rover missions . He has written two bestselling science books on science books : Undeniable : Evolution and the Science of Creation ( 2014 ) and Unstoppable : Harnessing Science to Change the World ( 2015 ) . He has appeared frequently on other TV shows , including Dancing with the Stars , The Big Bang Theory , and Inside Amy Schumer . He starred in a documentary about his life and science advocacy , Bill Nye : Science Guy , which premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival in March 2017 ; and , in October 2017 , was named a NYT Critic 's Pick ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxtrot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxtrot', 'summary': 'The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today .'}]}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corbin_Bleu', 'summary': "Corbin Bleu Reivers ( /bluː/ ; born February 21 , 1989 ) , known professionally as Corbin Bleu , is an American actor , model , dancer , film producer and singer-songwriter . He performed in the High School Musical film series ( 2006-2008 ) . Songs from the films also charted worldwide , with the song I Do n't Dance peaking inside the Top 70 of the Billboard Hot 100 . During this time , he also starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Jump In ! ( 2007 ) . His first lead role was in the film Catch That Kid ( 2004 ) . He has since appeared in the Discovery Kids drama series Flight 29 Down ( 2005-2007 ) , as well as the film To Write Love on Her Arms ( 2015 ) . He competed in the 17th season of Dancing with the Stars , partnered with professional dancer Karina Smirnoff . He has also pursued a music career , and released his debut album Another Side on May 1 , 2007 , which included the single Push It to the Limit . The album debuted at number thirty-six on the U.S . Billboard 200 , selling 18,000 copies in its first week . Bleu released his second album , Speed of Light , on March 10 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Engvall', 'summary': "William Ray Engvall Jr. ( born July 27 , 1957 ) is an American comedian and actor best known for his work as a stand-up comic , his signature Here 's Your Sign bit , and as a member of the Blue Collar Comedy group ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemporary_dance', 'summary': 'Contemporary dance is a genre of dance performance that developed during the mid-twentieth century and has since grown to become one of the dominant genres for formally trained dancers throughout the world , with particularly strong popularity in the U.S. and Europe . Although originally informed by and borrowing from classical , modern , and jazz styles , it has since come to incorporate elements from many styles of dance . Due to its technical similarities , it is often perceived to be closely related to modern dance , ballet , and other classical concert dance styles . In terms of the focus of its technique , contemporary dance tends to combine the strong but controlled legwork of ballet with modern that stresses on torso . It also employs contract-release , floor work , fall and recovery , and improvisation characteristics of modern dance . Unpredictable changes in rhythm , speed , and direction are often used , as well . Additionally , contemporary dance sometimes incorporates elements of non-western dance cultures , such as elements from African dance including bent knees , or movements from the Japanese contemporary dance , Butoh .'}]}, {'value': 'Brant Daugherty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brant_Daugherty', 'summary': 'Brant David Daugherty ( born August 20 , 1985 ) is an American actor , known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series Pretty Little Liars . In 2013 , he had a recurring role as Brian in the NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christina Milian Leah Remini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christina_Milian', 'summary': "Christine Flores ( born September 26 , 1981 ) , better known as Christina Milian ( /ˌmɪliˈɑːn/ ) , is an American actress , singer and songwriter of Cuban origin . Born in Jersey City , New Jersey , and raised in Maryland , Milian signed a contract with Def Jam at the age of 19 . In 2001 , Milian released her self-titled debut album , which featured the singles AM to PM and When You Look at Me ; AM to PM charted within the Top 40 of the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart . In 2004 , Milian released her second studio album It 's About Time , which provided her first major U.S. hit , Dip It Low , which reached number five on the U.S . Billboard chart . Whatever U Want was released as the album 's second single . Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart . In 2006 , Milian released her third studio album So Amazin ' . The album produced one single , Say I , which peaked in the Top 30 of the US Billboard chart . A month after the release of So Amazin ' , Milian 's representative confirmed that she had left Island Records due to creative differences . Milian signed with Interscope Records in 2009 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leah_Remini', 'summary': "Leah Marie Remini ( /ˈrɛmɪni/ ; born June 15 , 1970 ) is an American actress , author , former Scientologist , Scientology critic , and activist . She starred as Carrie Heffernan on the long-running CBS comedy series The King of Queens ( 1998-2007 ) and later co-hosted The Talk in 2010-11 . Since 2016 , she has co-produced and hosted the Emmy Award-winning A & E documentary series Leah Remini : Scientology and the Aftermath . Raised as a member of the Church of Scientology from childhood , Remini left the organization in 2013 and began public criticism of Scientology . Two years later , she released Troublemaker : Surviving Hollywood and Scientology , her memoir about her experience with Scientology and reasons for leaving it . She followed up the book with the aforementioned series to highlight other former Scientologists ' experiences . After a successful first season , the series was renewed by A & E , and the second season debuted in late summer 2017 . On March 14 , 2018 , A & E announced that the series would return for a third season . From May 2017 until May 2018 , Remini also starred in Kevin Can Wait as Vanessa Cellucci , alongside Kevin James , her former co-star on The King of Queens ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)', 'summary': 'The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country .'}]}, {'value': 'Amber Riley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amber_Riley', 'summary': 'Amber Patrice Riley ( born February 15 , 1986 ) is an American actress , singer and author . She is best known for her portrayal of Mercedes Jones on the Fox comedy-drama series Glee ( 2009-2015 ) . For her performance on the series , she won a Screen Actors Guild Award , and has been nominated for three Teen Choice Awards , three NAACP Image Awards , and a Grammy Award . In November 2016 , Riley led the West End debut of Dreamgirls , playing the lead role of Effie White . She won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 2017 for her role in Dreamgirls . Riley won season 17 of Dancing with the Stars in 2013 . In 2017 , Riley appeared as a judge on BBC One musical theatre talent show Let It Shine and formed a musical theatre supergroup with Beverley Knight and Cassidy Janson , known collectively as Leading Ladies and signed to East West Records/Warner . Their debut album , Songs from the Stage , was released on November 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keyshawn Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keyshawn_Johnson', 'summary': 'Joseph Keyshawn Johnson ( born July 22 , 1972 ) is a former American football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League ( NFL ) for eleven seasons . He played college football for the University of Southern California , and earned All-American honors . The first pick in the 1996 NFL Draft , he played professionally for the New York Jets , Tampa Bay Buccaneers , Dallas Cowboys and Carolina Panthers . He retired from football following the 2006 season , and spent seven years as a television broadcaster for the sports channel ESPN . Keyshawn Johnson was a contestant on the 17th season of Dancing with the Stars , in which he was the first contestant eliminated .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paso doble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paso_doble', 'summary': 'Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble .'}]}, {'value': 'Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Nye', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jive_(dance)', 'summary': 'In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance .'}]}, {'value': 'Brant Daugherty Jack Osbourne Leah Remini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Osbourne', 'summary': "Jack Joseph Osbourne ( born 8 November 1985 ) is an English media personality with dual American and British citizenship . As the son of heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne , he starred on MTV 's reality series The Osbournes ( 2002-05 ) , along with his father , mother Sharon , and sister Kelly . Osbourne has since pursued a career as a fitness and travel reporter , presenting shows such as Jack Osbourne : Adrenaline Junkie ( 2005-09 ) and BBC 's Saving Planet Earth ( 2007 ) . He was diagnosed with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in 2012 . In 2016 , he and his father Ozzy travelled the world in the History Channel reality series Ozzy & Jack 's World Detour ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhumba', 'summary': 'Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them .'}]}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicole Snooki Polizzi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snooki', 'summary': 'Nicole Elizabeth LaValle ( née Polizzi ; born November 23 , 1987 ) , best known by her nickname Snooki , is a Chilean-American reality television personality , television host , author , professional wrestler , and dancer who is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww and Jersey Shore : Family Vacation . Since appearing on Jersey Shore in 2009 , Snooki has gained popularity , leading to numerous talk show appearances , web and television series participation and hosting , and a large social media following . She reportedly earned $ 150,000 per Jersey Shore episode by the last season . She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quickstep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quickstep', 'summary': 'The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing .'}]}, {'value': 'Brant Daugherty Leah Remini Elizabeth Berkley Lauren Corbin Bleu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charleston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charleston_(dance)', 'summary': "The Charleston is a dance named for the harbor city of Charleston , South Carolina . The rhythm was popularized in mainstream dance music in the United States by a 1923 tune called The Charleston by composer/pianist James P. Johnson which originated in the Broadway show Runnin ' Wild and became one of the most popular hits of the decade . Runnin ' Wild ran from 29 October 1923 through 28 June 1924 . The peak year for the Charleston as a dance by the public was mid-1926 to 1927"}]}, {'value': 'Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jazz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jazz_dance', 'summary': "Jazz dance is a performance dance technique and style that first emerged in the United States in the early twentieth century . Jazz dance may refer to vernacular jazz or to Broadway or theatrical jazz . Both genres build on African American vernacular styles of dancing that emerged with jazz music . Vernacular jazz dance includes ragtime dances , Charleston , Lindy hop , and mambo . Popular vernacular jazz dance performers include The Whitman Sisters , Florence Mills , Ethel Waters , Al & Leon , Frankie Manning , Norma Miller , Dawn Hampton , and Katherine Dunham . Theatrical jazz dance performed on the concert stage was popularized by Jack Cole , Bob Fosse , Eugene Louis Faccuito , and Gus Giordano . The term 'jazz dance ' has been used in ways that have little or nothing to do with jazz music . Since the 1940s , Hollywood movies and Broadway shows have used the term to describe the choreographies of Bob Fosse and Jerome Robbins . In the 1990s , colleges and universities applied to the term to classes offered by physical education departments in which students dance to various forms of pop music , rarely jazz ."}]}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Nye', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentine tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentine_tango', 'summary': "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ."}]}, {'value': 'Jack Osbourne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salsa_(dance)', 'summary': 'Salsa is a Latin dance associated with the music genre of the same name which originated in the 1960s in New York City . Salsa is an amalgamation of Cuban dances that were popular in the ballrooms and nightclubs of Havana by the end of the 1950s ( e.g . casino , mambo and pachanga ) , as well as American jazz dances . It was primarily developed by Puerto Ricans living in New York ( Nuyoricans ) in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Different regions of Latin America and the United States have distinct salsa styles of their own , such as Cuban , Puerto Rican , Cali Colombia , L.A. and New York styles . Salsa dance socials are commonly held in nightclubs , bars , ballrooms , restaurants , and outside , especially when part of an outdoor festival . In many styles of salsa dancing , as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes . Weight shifts cause the hips to move . Arm and shoulder movements are also incorporated . Salsa generally uses music ranging from about 150 bpm ( beats per minute ) to around 250 bpm , although most dancing is done to music somewhere between 160-220 bpm . The basic Salsa dance rhythm consists of taking three steps for every four beats of music . The odd number of steps creates the syncopation inherent to Salsa dancing and ensures that it takes 8 beats of music to loop back to a new sequence of steps .'}]}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Berkley Lauren', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brant Daugherty Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viennese Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viennese_Waltz', 'summary': "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ."}]}, {'value': 'Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valerie Harper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valerie_Harper', 'summary': 'Valerie Kathryn Harper ( August 22 , 1939 - August 30 , 2019 ) was an American actress . She began her career as a dancer on Broadway , making her debut in the musical Take Me Along in 1959 . Harper is best remembered for her role as Rhoda Morgenstern on The Mary Tyler Moore Show ( 1970-1977 ) and its spin-off Rhoda ( 1974-1978 ) . For her work on Mary Tyler Moore , she thrice received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series , and later received the award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on Rhoda . From 1986 to 1987 , Harper appeared as Valerie Hogan on the sitcom Valerie . Her film appearances include roles in Freebie and the Bean ( 1974 ) and Chapter Two ( 1979 ) , both of which garnered her Golden Globe Award nominations . Harper returned to stage work in her later career , appearing in several Broadway productions . In 2010 , she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance as Tallulah Bankhead in the play Looped .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tango', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tango_(dance)', 'summary': 'Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists .'}]}, {'value': 'Brant Daugherty', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltz', 'summary': 'The waltz ( from German Walzer [ ˈvalt͡sɐ̯ ] ) is a ballroom and folk dance , normally in triple ( help·info ) time , performed primarily in closed position .'}]}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Osbourne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team freestyle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu Brant Daugherty Jack Osbourne Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Berkley Lauren Bill Engvall Nicole Snooki Polizzi Leah Remini', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Disco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Disco_dance', 'summary': "Disco is a genre of dance music and a subculture that emerged in the 1970s from the United States ' urban nightlife scene . The disco sound is typified by four-on-the-floor beats , syncopated basslines , and string sections , horns , electric piano , synthesizers , and electric rhythm guitars . Lead guitar features less frequently in disco than in rock . Well-known disco artists include Donna Summer , Gloria Gaynor , the Bee Gees , Chic , KC and the Sunshine Band , Thelma Houston , Sister Sledge , the Trammps , Village People and Michael Jackson . While performers and singers garnered public attention , record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the genre . Films such as Saturday Night Fever ( 1977 ) and Thank God It 's Friday ( 1978 ) contributed to disco 's mainstream popularity . Disco started as a mixture of music from venues popular with African Americans and also Hispanic and Latino Americans , and LGBT peoplein Philadelphia and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s . Disco can be seen as a reaction by the counterculture during this period to both the dominance of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music at the time . Several dance styles were developed during the period of disco 's popularity in the United States , including the Bump and the Hustle . By the late 70s , most major U.S. cities had thriving disco club scenes , and DJs would mix dance records at clubs such as Studio 54 in New York City , a venue popular among celebrities . Discothèque-goers often wore expensive , extravagant and sexy fashions . There was also a thriving drug subculture in the disco scene , particularly for drugs that would enhance the experience of dancing to the loud music and the flashing lights , such as cocaine and Quaaludes , the latter being so common in disco subculture that they were nicknamed disco biscuits ."}]}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freestyle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Street_dance', 'summary': 'A street dance is a dance style that evolved outside dance studios in any available open space such as streets , dance parties , block parties , parks , school yards , raves , and nightclubs . A street dance is a vernacular dance in an urban context . Vernacular dances are often improvisational and social in nature , encouraging interaction and contact with spectators and other dancers . These dances are a part of the vernacular culture of the geographical area that they come from . Examples of street dance include b-boying ( or breakdancing ) , which originated in New York City . Clogging is a very early form of street dance , since it evolved in the streets and factories of Northern England in the mid-19th century . Various street dances have lent themselves to the style of urban dance , which arose from the collegiate dance scene . Urban dance is choreography-oriented but is inspired by different street dance styles and fundamental moves , such as house , locking , and popping . Urban dance should not be mistaken with hip hop , the culture and art movement that began in the Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s .'}]}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu Jack Osbourne Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Engvall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fusion dance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fusion_dance', 'summary': 'Fusion dance is a type of contemporary partner dance that combines different dance styles to create a new aesthetic . It is typically an improvised , lead-follow approach to dancing that does not conform to any particular defined dance styles . Fusion dancing may involve creating a new dance style , combining existing styles , or both .'}]}, {'value': 'Amber Riley', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corbin Bleu Jack Osbourne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Scoring charts -- Highest and lowest scoring performances', 'section_text': "The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges ' 30-point scale are as follows ( Maksim 's scores from week 10 are not counted ) :", 'uid': 'Dancing_with_the_Stars_(U.S._season_17)_3', 'intro': "Season seventeen of Dancing with the Stars premiered on September 16, 2013 and ended on November 26, 2013. Tom Bergeron and Brooke Burke Charvet returned as hosts and Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. The Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers also returned to provide the music throughout the season (which turned out to be their last). This was also Brooke Burke-Charvet's last season as co-host. The cast was announced on September 4, 2013, during Good Morning America. This is the first season since season one to not have a results show. Another change was the elimination of the sky-box area where host Brooke Burke-Charvet interviewed dancers after their performances. Instead, the couples were accommodated in a new seating area near the judges' table which had been shifted to the opposite side of the ballroom. A make-up room and rehearsal room were added where Charvet could chat with the couples before and after their performances. This season also introduced a new format of voting. Each week the couples will perform, and the judges will give each couple a score based on several factors, including technical execution. Since there is no results show, those scores will be added to the public votes from the previous week, and the couple with the lowest combined score from judges and viewer votes will be eliminated from the competition toward the end of that week's episode."}
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What is the difference in highest and lowest score of the dancers of is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s ?
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10
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ff86a86a2846e36b
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brigham_Young_University_alumni', 'title': 'List of Brigham Young University alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Class year ( s )', 'Degree ( s )', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Stan L. Albrecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stan_L._Albrecht', 'summary': 'Stan LeRoy Albrecht ( born July 13 , 1942 ) is an American educator , university administrator , and scholar . He served as the president of Utah State University from 2005 to 2016 .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}]}, {'value': 'Fifteenth president of Utah State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_State_University', 'summary': "Utah State University ( USU or Utah State ) is a public land-grant research university in Logan , Utah . It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities . With nearly 20,000 students living on or near campus , USU is Utah 's largest public residential campus . As of Fall 2019 , there were 27,810 students enrolled including 24,669 undergraduate students and 3,141 graduate students . The university has the highest percentage of out-of-state students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body . Founded in 1888 as Utah 's agricultural college , USU focused on science , engineering , agriculture , domestic arts , military science , and mechanic arts . The university offers programs in liberal arts , engineering , business , economics , natural resource sciences , as well as nationally ranked elementary & secondary education programs . It offers master 's and doctoral programs in humanities , social sciences , and STEM areas ( Science , technology , engineering , and mathematics ) . It received its current name in 1957 . The university is classified among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity . Utah State University has produced 7 Rhodes Scholars , 1 Nobel Prize winner , 1 MacArthur Fellows program inductee , 4 recipients of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship , and 34 recipients of the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship . USU has nine colleges and offers 159 undergraduate degrees , 83 master 's degrees , and 41 doctoral degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'David A. Bednar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_A._Bednar', 'summary': 'David Allan Bednar ( born June 15 , 1952 ) is a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . An educator by profession , Bednar was president of Brigham Young University-Idaho from 1997 to 2004 . Bednar was sustained as a member of the Quorum of the Twelve on October 2 , 2004 , the youngest man named to that body since Dallin H. Oaks in 1984 . He was ordained an apostle on October 7 , 2004 , by church president Gordon B. Hinckley . Bednar and Dieter F. Uchtdorf were called to fill the vacancies created by the July 2004 deaths of quorum members David B. Haight and Neal A. Maxwell . As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve , Bednar is accepted by the church as a prophet , seer , and revelator . He is currently the seventh most senior apostle in the church .'}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M.O.B . ( Marriott )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Organizational_Behavior', 'summary': 'Organizational behavior ( OB ) or organisational behaviour is the : study of human behavior in organizational settings , the interface between human behavior and the organization , and the organization itself . OB research can be categorized in at least three ways :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management', 'summary': 'The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Fourteenth President of BYU-Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU-Idaho', 'summary': "Brigham Young University-Idaho ( BYU-Idaho or BYU-I ) is a private university located in Rexburg , Idaho . Founded in 1888 , the university is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , transitioned from a junior college to a four-year institution in 2001 , and was known for the greater part of its history as Ricks College . BYU-Idaho offers programs in liberal arts including the sciences , engineering , agriculture , management , and performing arts . The university is broadly organized into thirty-three departments within six colleges , and its parent organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , sponsors sister schools in Utah and Hawaii . The university 's focus is on undergraduate education , hosting 26 certificate , 20 associate and over 87 bachelor 's degree programs , and it operates using a three-semester system also known as tracks . Students at BYU-Idaho are required to follow an honor code , which mandates behavior in line with Latter-day Saint teachings ( e.g. , academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex , and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol ) . Approximately 99 percent of the university 's students are members of the LDS Church , and a significant percentage of the student body take an 18- ( women ) or 24-month ( men ) hiatus from their studies to serve as missionaries . Tuition rates are generally lower than those at similar universities , due largely to funding provided by the church from tithing donations ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael T. Benson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_T._Benson', 'summary': 'Michael T. Benson ( born February 28 , 1965 ) was the president of Eastern Kentucky University from August 1 , 2013 to January 6 , 2020 . He previously served as president of Southern Utah University , Snow College , and as special assistant to the president at University of Utah .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Twelfth President of Eastern Kentucky University ; fifteenth President of Southern Utah University ; fourteenth President of Snow College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastern_Kentucky_University', 'summary': 'Eastern Kentucky University ( Eastern or EKU ) is a public university in Richmond , Kentucky . It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . It maintains branch campuses in Corbin , Hazard , Lancaster , and Manchester and offers more than 40 online undergraduate and graduate options .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Southern_Utah_University', 'summary': "Southern Utah University ( SUU ) is a public university in Cedar City , Utah . Founded in 1897 as a normal school , Southern Utah University now graduates over 1,800 students each year with baccalaureate and graduate degrees from its six colleges . SUU offers more than 140 undergraduate degrees and 19 graduate programs . More than 10,000 students attend SUU . SUU 's 17 athletic teams compete in Division 1 of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Thunderbirds . SUU joined the Big Sky Conference in September 2012 . Southern Utah University is also the site for the Utah Summer Games ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Snow_College', 'summary': "Snow College is a public community college in Ephraim , Utah . It offers certificates and associate degrees in a number of areas , along with bachelor 's degrees in music and software engineering and a four-year nursing program . Snow College is operated as part of the Utah System of Higher Education ."}]}, {'value': 'Alison Davis-Blake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alison_Davis-Blake', 'summary': 'Alison Davis-Blake ( born November 5 , 1958 ) is the eighth president of Bentley University . Before Bentley , she served as dean of the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota and of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan . At Ross , Davis-Blake was the schools first female dean , and at the time of her appointment she was the highest-ranking female dean at any U.S. business school .'}]}, {'value': '1979 1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S . M.O.B . ( Marriott )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Organizational_Behavior', 'summary': 'Organizational behavior ( OB ) or organisational behaviour is the : study of human behavior in organizational settings , the interface between human behavior and the organization , and the organization itself . OB research can be categorized in at least three ways :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management', 'summary': 'The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dean of the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ross_School_of_Business', 'summary': "The Stephen M. Ross School of Business ( Ross ) is a business school operated by the University of Michigan . It offers bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees , as well as an executive education program . Its Bachelor of Business Administration ( BBA ) , Master of Business Administration"}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Michigan', 'summary': "The University of Michigan ( UM , U-M , U of M , or UMich ) , often simply referred to as Michigan , is a public research university in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The university is Michigan 's oldest ; it was founded in 1817 in Detroit , as the Catholepistemiad , or University of Michigania , 20 years before the territory became a state . The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres ( 16 ha ) of what is now known as Central Campus . Since its establishment in Ann Arbor , the flagship university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than 34 million gross square feet ( 780 acres ; 3.2 km2 ) spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus , two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn , and a Center in Detroit . The university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities . Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States with annual research expenditures approaching $ 1.5 billion , Michigan is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 25 Nobel Prize winners , 6 Turing Award winners and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with the University of Michigan . Its comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities , social sciences , and STEM fields ( science , technology , engineering , and mathematics ) as well as professional degrees in architecture , business , medicine , law , pharmacy , nursing , social work , public health , and dentistry . Michigan 's body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people , one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world . Michigan 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Wolverines . They are members of the Big Ten Conference . More than 250 Michigan athletes or coaches have participated in Olympic events , winning more than 150 medals ."}]}, {'value': 'J. Elliot Cameron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._Elliot_Cameron', 'summary': 'J. Elliot Cameron ( February 9 , 1923 - February 27 , 2011 ) was an American educator and a leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) .'}]}, {'value': '1949 1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S . M.S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Science', 'summary': "A Master of Science ( Latin : Magister Scientiae ; abbreviated MS , M.S. , MSc , M.Sc. , SM , S.M. , ScM or Sc.M . ) is a master 's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree . In contrast to the Master of Arts degree , the Master of Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences , engineering and medicine and is usually for programs that are more focused on scientific and mathematical subjects ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the humanities and social sciences . While it ultimately depends upon the specific program , earning a Master of Science degree typically includes writing a thesis ."}]}, {'value': 'Past President of Snow College and BYU-Hawaii', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snow_College', 'summary': "Snow College is a public community college in Ephraim , Utah . It offers certificates and associate degrees in a number of areas , along with bachelor 's degrees in music and software engineering and a four-year nursing program . Snow College is operated as part of the Utah System of Higher Education ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brigham_Young_University–Hawaii', 'summary': "The LDS Church was established in the islands in 1850 following the Edict of Toleration promulgated by Kamehameha III , giving the underground Hawaii Catholic Church the right to worship , while at the same time allowing other faith traditions to begin establishing themselves . [ citation needed ] By 1919 , the church was prominent enough in the area to build a temple in Laie . Two years after the temple was dedicated then-LDS Church apostle David O. McKay stated the church would build a school in the area in the future . In 1951 , McKay , as church president , began preliminary plans on the school , and in 1954 ground was broken for the new institution . Classes began at BYU-Hawaii in September 1955 as the Church College of Hawaii to accommodate the burgeoning LDS population in the Territory of Hawaii . This was largely a result of McKay 's views on both education and strengthening the church outside of its longtime intermountain west U.S. base . The original class consisted of 153 students and 20 faculty meeting in old World War II buildings , with Reuben D. Law as the school 's first president . The school 's first buildings were dedicated on December 17 , 1958 . The college was at first a two-year college but was reorganized in 1959 to become a four-year college . By 1961 the college had been granted four-year accreditation by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges . Dormitories , a cafeteria , and other buildings had also been constructed . LDS elders established the Polynesian Cultural Center in November 1963 as a means of preserving the Pacific cultures that the Latter-day Saints had encountered in their missionary work ."}]}, {'value': 'Stanford Cazier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_Cazier', 'summary': 'Stanford Orson Stan Cazier ( June 11 , 1930 - March 14 , 2013 ) was an American educator , university administrator and scholar . He was president of California State University , Chico from 1971-1979 and Utah State University from 1979-1992 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( transferred to Utah before graduating )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Utah', 'summary': "The University of Utah ( U of U , UofU , or simply The U ) is a public research university in Salt Lake City , Utah . As the state 's flagship university , it offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 92 graduate degree programs . The university is classified among Doctoral Universities - Very High Research Activity with selective , higher transfer-in admissions . Graduate studies include the S.J . Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine , Utah 's first medical school . As of Fall 2018 , there were 24,735 undergraduate students and 8,251 graduate students , for an enrollment total of 32,994 . The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret ( /ˌdɛzəˈrɛt/ ( listen ) ) by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret , making it Utah 's oldest institution of higher education . It received its current name in 1892 , four years before Utah attained statehood , and moved to its current location in 1900 . The university ranks 61st among U.S. universities by total research expenditures with over $ 380 million spent in 2017 . 22 Rhodes Scholars , four Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners , eight MacArthur Fellows , various Pulitzer Prize winners , two astronauts , Gates Cambridge Scholars , and Churchill Scholars have been affiliated with the university as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . In addition , the university 's Honors College has been reviewed among 100 leading national Honors Colleges in the U.S . The university 's athletic teams , the Utes , participate in NCAA Division I athletics ( FBS for football ) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Fourteenth President of California State University , Chico ; twelfth President of Utah State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/President_of_California_State_University,_Chico', 'summary': "California State University , Chico ( CSU Chico , Chico State , or Chico ) , is a public university in Chico , California . Founded in 1887 , it is the second oldest campus in the California State University system . As of the Fall 2018 semester , the university had a total enrollment of 17,448 students . The university offers 126 bachelor 's degree programs , 35 master 's degree programs , and four types of teaching credentials ."}, {'url': '/wiki/California_State_University,_Chico', 'summary': "California State University , Chico ( CSU Chico , Chico State , or Chico ) , is a public university in Chico , California . Founded in 1887 , it is the second oldest campus in the California State University system . As of the Fall 2018 semester , the university had a total enrollment of 17,448 students . The university offers 126 bachelor 's degree programs , 35 master 's degree programs , and four types of teaching credentials ."}, {'url': '/wiki/President_of_Utah_State_University', 'summary': 'The following have served as presidents of Utah State University . USU is located in Logan , Utah , and was founded in 1888 as the Agricultural College of Utah . This list does not contain names of alumni or faculty of the university , unless such persons have also served as president .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Utah_State_University', 'summary': "Utah State University ( USU or Utah State ) is a public land-grant research university in Logan , Utah . It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities . With nearly 20,000 students living on or near campus , USU is Utah 's largest public residential campus . As of Fall 2019 , there were 27,810 students enrolled including 24,669 undergraduate students and 3,141 graduate students . The university has the highest percentage of out-of-state students of any public university in Utah totaling 23% of the student body . Founded in 1888 as Utah 's agricultural college , USU focused on science , engineering , agriculture , domestic arts , military science , and mechanic arts . The university offers programs in liberal arts , engineering , business , economics , natural resource sciences , as well as nationally ranked elementary & secondary education programs . It offers master 's and doctoral programs in humanities , social sciences , and STEM areas ( Science , technology , engineering , and mathematics ) . It received its current name in 1957 . The university is classified among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity . Utah State University has produced 7 Rhodes Scholars , 1 Nobel Prize winner , 1 MacArthur Fellows program inductee , 4 recipients of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship , and 34 recipients of the Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship . USU has nine colleges and offers 159 undergraduate degrees , 83 master 's degrees , and 41 doctoral degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Kim B. Clark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kim_B._Clark', 'summary': "Kim Bryce Clark ( born March 20 , 1949 ) is an American scholar , educator , and religious leader who has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) since April 2015 , and the church 's seventeenth Commissioner of Church Education since August 2015 . He served previously as the 15th president of Brigham Young University-Idaho from 2005 to 2015 , and as the dean of the Harvard Business School ( HBS ) from 1995 to 2005 , where he was also the George F. Baker Professor of Business Administration ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( transferred to Harvard University before graduating )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvard_University', 'summary': "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students . Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor , clergyman John Harvard , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning . Its history , influence , wealth , and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The Harvard Corporation , chartered in 1650 , is the governing body of Harvard . In its early years , Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy , although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination . Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century , and by the 19th century , Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites . Following the American Civil War , President Charles W. Eliot 's long tenure ( 1869-1909 ) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university ; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900 . A. Lawrence Lowell , who succeeded Eliot , further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard 's land holdings and physical campus . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II ; he began to liberalize admissions after the war . The university is organized into eleven principal academic units - ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study - with campuses throughout Greater Boston : its 209-acre ( 85 ha ) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge , approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Boston ; the business school and many athletics facilities , including Harvard Stadium , are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical , dental , and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area . Harvard 's endowment is worth $ 40.9 billion , making it the largest of any academic institution . Harvard is a large , highly residential research university ."}]}, {'value': 'Fifteenth President of BYU-Idaho ; Dean of Harvard Business School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU-Idaho', 'summary': "Brigham Young University-Idaho ( BYU-Idaho or BYU-I ) is a private university located in Rexburg , Idaho . Founded in 1888 , the university is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , transitioned from a junior college to a four-year institution in 2001 , and was known for the greater part of its history as Ricks College . BYU-Idaho offers programs in liberal arts including the sciences , engineering , agriculture , management , and performing arts . The university is broadly organized into thirty-three departments within six colleges , and its parent organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , sponsors sister schools in Utah and Hawaii . The university 's focus is on undergraduate education , hosting 26 certificate , 20 associate and over 87 bachelor 's degree programs , and it operates using a three-semester system also known as tracks . Students at BYU-Idaho are required to follow an honor code , which mandates behavior in line with Latter-day Saint teachings ( e.g. , academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex , and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol ) . Approximately 99 percent of the university 's students are members of the LDS Church , and a significant percentage of the student body take an 18- ( women ) or 24-month ( men ) hiatus from their studies to serve as missionaries . Tuition rates are generally lower than those at similar universities , due largely to funding provided by the church from tithing donations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Harvard_Business_School', 'summary': 'Harvard Business School ( HBS ) is the graduate business school of Harvard University . Located in Boston , Massachusetts , it is consistently ranked among the top business schools in the world , and offers a large full-time MBA program , management-related doctoral programs , and many executive education programs . It owns Harvard Business Publishing , which publishes business books , leadership articles , online management tools for corporate learning , case studies , and the monthly Harvard Business Review . It is also home to the Baker Library/Bloomberg Center .'}]}, {'value': 'John Maximillian Dunn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Dunn_(university_president)', 'summary': "John M. Dunn ( born October 3 , 1945 ) was the eighth president of Western Michigan University . Dunn earned his bachelor 's and master 's degrees from Northern Illinois University , and he earned an Ed.D . in physical education from Brigham Young University . He began his career in higher education at the University of Connecticut in 1972 . He moved to Oregon State University in 1975 and spent the next 20 years there , starting out as an assistant professor of health . He was a professor and associate provost at the time he left in 1995 . During his time in Oregon , Dunn also served on the Corvallis School Board for 13 years . Dunn served as the dean of the College of Health at the University of Utah from 1995 to 2002 . He next served as provost and vice chancellor and then interim chancellor at Southern Illinois University . Dunn began his term as president of Western Michigan University on July 1 , 2007 . Each year he donated his salary increase over his initial $ 345,000 salary in 2007 to scholarships for WMU students ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed.D', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ed.D.', 'summary': 'The Doctor of Education ( Ed.D . or D.Ed . ; Latin Educationis Doctor or Doctor Educationis ) is a professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education . It prepares the holder for academic , research , administrative , clinical , or professional positions in educational , civil , private organizations , or public institutions .'}]}, {'value': 'Eighth President of Western Michigan University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Michigan_University', 'summary': "Western Michigan University ( WMU ) is a public research university in Kalamazoo , Michigan , United States . The university was established in 1903 by Dwight B. Waldo . Its enrollment , as of the Fall 2016 semester , was 23,252 . WMU 's aviation program is ranked as one of the top 5 aviation programs offered in the United States . WMU is the site of the annual International Congress on Medieval Studies . The university 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and are known as the Western Michigan Broncos . They compete in the Mid-American Conference for most sports . WMU is ranked 1176th in the 2018 US News & World Report global universities ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'William G. Dyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_G._Dyer', 'summary': "William Gibb Dyer ( aka Bill Dyer ) was an American educator who served as the fourth Dean of the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) . He received a B.A . from BYU in 1950 , followed by a M.A . from the same institution two years later . In 1955 he earned a Ph.D. in Social psychology from the University of Wisconsin . Bill 's academic and professional careers focused on the topics of organizational change and team dynamics . While a professor , Dyer concurrently worked as a consultant . Bill co-founded Dyer & Associates with sons W. Gibb Dyer , Jr. and Jeff H. Dyer ( who are also BYU professors ) . As part of this venture , Bill consulted companies including Exxon , General Foods , AT & T , and Honeywell . Bill was also a founding partner of Business for Social Responsibility , Inc . Author of Team Building , Dyer also co-developed of the world 's first 360-degree feedback instrument to evaluate managerial style and effectiveness . Bill taught at BYU in the Marriott School of Management for 30 years and helped organize the school 's Department of Organizational Behavior , serving as its first chair ."}]}, {'value': '1950 1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A . M.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts', 'summary': "Master of Arts ( Latin : Magister Artium or Artium Magister ; abbreviated M.A . or A.M. ) is a type of master 's degree awarded by universities in many countries . The degree is usually contrasted with the Master of Science . Those admitted to the degree typically study linguistics , history , communication studies , diplomacy , public administration , political science , or other subjects within the scope of the humanities and social sciences ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the natural sciences and mathematics . The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations , research , or a combination of the two . The Master of Arts traces its origin to the teaching license or Licentia docendi of the University of Paris ."}]}, {'value': 'Fourth Dean of the BYU Marriott School of Management', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU', 'summary': "Brigham Young University ( BYU , sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y ) is a private research university located in Provo , Utah and owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . The university is run under the auspices of its parent-organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , and is classified among Doctoral Universities : High Research Activity with more selective , lower transfer-in admissions . The university 's primary emphasis is on undergraduate education in 179 majors , but it also has 62 master 's and 26 doctoral degree programs . The university also administers two satellite campuses , one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City . Students attending BYU agree to follow an honor code that mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings , such as academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex and homosexual behavior , and no consumption of illegal drugs , coffee , tea , alcohol , or tobacco . Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church . The university curriculum includes religious education , with required courses in the Bible ( KJV ) , LDS scripture , doctrine , and history , and the university sponsors weekly devotional assemblies with most speakers addressing religious topics . Sixty-six percent of students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as LDS missionaries . An education at BYU is less expensive than at similar private universities , since a significant portion of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church 's tithing funds . BYU 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Cougars . Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent , while their other sports teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation . BYU 's sports teams have won a total of nine NCAA national championships and were named National Champions in football by multiple publications in 1984 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management', 'summary': 'The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Henry J. Eyring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_J._Eyring', 'summary': 'Henry Johnson Eyring ( born September 19 , 1963 ) is an American academic administrator , author , and businessman . He is the 17th and current president of Brigham Young University-Idaho ( BYU-Idaho ) . Since April 2019 , he has also served as an area seventy in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . He previously served as both the Academic and Advancement vice president at BYU-Idaho , as well as director of the Marriott School of Business ( MSB ) MBA program at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) .'}]}, {'value': '1985 1989 1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S . M.B.A. ( Marriott ) J.D . ( Clark )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}, {'url': '/wiki/M.B.A.', 'summary': 'The Master of Business Administration ( MBA or M.B.A. ) degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific management . The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration such as accounting , applied statistics , business communication , business ethics , business law , business strategy , finance , managerial economics , management , entrepreneurship , marketing , supply-chain management , and operations management in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy . Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area , for example accounting , finance , and marketing . MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about forty to sixty credits ( sixty to ninety in a quarter system ) , much higher than the thirty credits ( thirty-six to forty-five in a quarter system ) typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics , Master of Finance , Master of Accountancy , Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management . The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree . Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education . Business schools in many countries offer programs tailored to full-time , part-time , executive ( abridged coursework typically occurring on nights or weekends ) and distance learning students , many with specialized concentrations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management', 'summary': 'The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Juris_Doctor', 'summary': "The Juris Doctor degree ( J.D . or JD ) , also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree ( J.D. , JD , D.Jur . or DJur ) , is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees . The Juris Doctor is earned by completing law school in Australia , Canada , the United States , and some other common law countries . It has the academic standing of a professional doctorate ( in contrast to a research doctorate ) in the United States , a master 's degree in Australia , and a second-entry baccalaureate degree in Canada ( in all three jurisdictions the same as other professional degrees such as M.D . or D.D.S./D.M.D. , the degrees required to be a practicing physician or dentist , respectively ) . The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a modern version of the old European doctor of law degree ( such as the Dottore in Giurisprudenza in Italy and the Juris Utriusque Doctor in Germany and central Europe ) . Originating from the 19th-century Harvard movement for the scientific study of law and first denominated LL.B. , it is a degree that in most common law jurisdictions is the primary professional preparation for lawyers . It traditionally involves a three-year program , although some U.S. law schools offer a two-year accelerated program in which students complete courses over two additional summer semesters . The LL.B . was largely replaced by the J.D . in the US in the later 20th century ."}, {'url': '/wiki/J._Reuben_Clark_Law_School', 'summary': "The J. Reuben Clark Law School ( BYU Law or JRCLS ) is a professional school for the study of law in the western United States , located at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in Provo , Utah . Founded 47 years ago in 1973 , the school is named after J. Reuben Clark , a former U.S . Ambassador , Undersecretary of State , and general authority of the institution 's sponsoring organization , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . BYU Law is fully accredited by the American Bar Association , and a member of the Association of American Law Schools . BYU Law consistently ranks among the nation 's top tier of American Bar Association approved law schools according to U.S. News & World Report , and it is consistently recognized for its low tuition and high placement rate in Article III federal judicial clerkships ."}]}, {'value': 'Seventeenth President of BYU-Idaho ; Director of the BYU MBA Program', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU-Idaho', 'summary': "Brigham Young University-Idaho ( BYU-Idaho or BYU-I ) is a private university located in Rexburg , Idaho . Founded in 1888 , the university is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , transitioned from a junior college to a four-year institution in 2001 , and was known for the greater part of its history as Ricks College . BYU-Idaho offers programs in liberal arts including the sciences , engineering , agriculture , management , and performing arts . The university is broadly organized into thirty-three departments within six colleges , and its parent organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , sponsors sister schools in Utah and Hawaii . The university 's focus is on undergraduate education , hosting 26 certificate , 20 associate and over 87 bachelor 's degree programs , and it operates using a three-semester system also known as tracks . Students at BYU-Idaho are required to follow an honor code , which mandates behavior in line with Latter-day Saint teachings ( e.g. , academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex , and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol ) . Approximately 99 percent of the university 's students are members of the LDS Church , and a significant percentage of the student body take an 18- ( women ) or 24-month ( men ) hiatus from their studies to serve as missionaries . Tuition rates are generally lower than those at similar universities , due largely to funding provided by the church from tithing donations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BYU', 'summary': "Brigham Young University ( BYU , sometimes referred to colloquially as The Y ) is a private research university located in Provo , Utah and owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . The university is run under the auspices of its parent-organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , and is classified among Doctoral Universities : High Research Activity with more selective , lower transfer-in admissions . The university 's primary emphasis is on undergraduate education in 179 majors , but it also has 62 master 's and 26 doctoral degree programs . The university also administers two satellite campuses , one in Jerusalem and one in Salt Lake City . Students attending BYU agree to follow an honor code that mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings , such as academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex and homosexual behavior , and no consumption of illegal drugs , coffee , tea , alcohol , or tobacco . Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church . The university curriculum includes religious education , with required courses in the Bible ( KJV ) , LDS scripture , doctrine , and history , and the university sponsors weekly devotional assemblies with most speakers addressing religious topics . Sixty-six percent of students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as LDS missionaries . An education at BYU is less expensive than at similar private universities , since a significant portion of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church 's tithing funds . BYU 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Cougars . Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent , while their other sports teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation . BYU 's sports teams have won a total of nine NCAA national championships and were named National Champions in football by multiple publications in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'John R. Grout', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_R._Grout', 'summary': "John R. Grout is an American educator who serves as Dean of the Campbell School of Business at Berry College . He received a B.S . from Brigham Young University 's Marriott School of Management in 1984 , receiving the Operations/Systems Award for being the highest ranked graduating senior in his major . After working a few years for Signetics , Grout returned to school , earning a Ph.D. in management science from Pennsylvania State University in 1990 . After graduation , Grout worked at Southern Methodist University from 1990 to 1997 , subsequently accepting a position at Berry College . Some of Grout 's most notable research focuses on the Japanese term poka-yoke , or mistake-proofing . In May 2004 , Grout received the Shingo Prize for Manufacturing Excellence in Research in connection with research in this field . Grout and his wife , Susan , have four children ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S . ( Marriott )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marriott_School_of_Management', 'summary': 'The Marriott School of Business is the business school of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , a private university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and located in Provo , Utah . It was founded in 1891 and renamed in 1988 after J. Willard Marriott , founder of Marriott International , and his wife Alice following their $ 15 million endowment gift to the school . The school is housed in the Tanner Building and supports 137 full-time faculty and approximately 200 adjunct , part-time or visiting faculty , full-time staff and students who teach . It has approximately 2,100 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate students , and approximately 62 percent of its student body are bilingual . As of 2019 , its alumni base numbers 55,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dean of the Berry College Campbell School of Business', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berry_College', 'summary': 'Berry College is a private liberal arts college located in Mount Berry , Georgia . It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . Berry was founded on values based on Christian principles in 1902 by Martha Berry . It originally was a school to educate underprivileged youth from the surrounding mountains .'}]}, {'value': 'Bruce C. Hafen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_C._Hafen', 'summary': 'Bruce Clark Hafen ( born October 30 , 1940 in St. George , Utah ) is an American attorney , academic and religious leader . He has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Eleventh President of BYU-Idaho ; third Dean of the J. Reuben Clark Law School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BYU-Idaho', 'summary': "Brigham Young University-Idaho ( BYU-Idaho or BYU-I ) is a private university located in Rexburg , Idaho . Founded in 1888 , the university is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , transitioned from a junior college to a four-year institution in 2001 , and was known for the greater part of its history as Ricks College . BYU-Idaho offers programs in liberal arts including the sciences , engineering , agriculture , management , and performing arts . The university is broadly organized into thirty-three departments within six colleges , and its parent organization , the Church Educational System ( CES ) , sponsors sister schools in Utah and Hawaii . The university 's focus is on undergraduate education , hosting 26 certificate , 20 associate and over 87 bachelor 's degree programs , and it operates using a three-semester system also known as tracks . Students at BYU-Idaho are required to follow an honor code , which mandates behavior in line with Latter-day Saint teachings ( e.g. , academic honesty , adherence to dress and grooming standards , abstinence from extramarital sex , and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol ) . Approximately 99 percent of the university 's students are members of the LDS Church , and a significant percentage of the student body take an 18- ( women ) or 24-month ( men ) hiatus from their studies to serve as missionaries . Tuition rates are generally lower than those at similar universities , due largely to funding provided by the church from tithing donations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/J._Reuben_Clark_Law_School', 'summary': "The J. Reuben Clark Law School ( BYU Law or JRCLS ) is a professional school for the study of law in the western United States , located at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in Provo , Utah . Founded 47 years ago in 1973 , the school is named after J. Reuben Clark , a former U.S . Ambassador , Undersecretary of State , and general authority of the institution 's sponsoring organization , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . BYU Law is fully accredited by the American Bar Association , and a member of the Association of American Law Schools . BYU Law consistently ranks among the nation 's top tier of American Bar Association approved law schools according to U.S. News & World Report , and it is consistently recognized for its low tuition and high placement rate in Article III federal judicial clerkships ."}]}, {'value': 'Franklin S. Harris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_S._Harris', 'summary': "Franklin Stewart Harris ( August 29 , 1884 - April 18 , 1960 ) was president of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) from July 1921 until June 1945 , and president of Utah State University from 1945 to 1950 . His administration was the longest in BYU history and saw the granting of the first master 's degrees . Under his administration the school became an accredited university . He set up several colleges , such as the College of Fine and Performing Arts with Gerrit De Jong as the founding dean . Harris was an agricultural scientist , holding a doctorate in agronomy from Cornell University . He had served as the agriculture department head and head of the experiment station at Utah State Agricultural College and left BYU to become president of that institution . Harris also traveled to Russia , Iran , and the Middle East in order to provide expert advice on agriculture issues . The Harris Fine Arts Center on BYU 's Provo campus was named after him ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fifth President of BYU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeffrey R. Holland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Holland', 'summary': "Jeffrey Roy Holland ( born December 3 , 1940 ) is an American educator and religious leader . He served as the ninth President of Brigham Young University and is a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve , Holland is accepted by the church as a prophet , seer , and revelator . Currently , he is the fourth most senior apostle in the church . Holland was born and raised in St. George , Utah . After graduating from high school , his college education began at Dixie College and he also served a mission for the LDS Church in England . After returning from his mission , he transferred to Brigham Young University ( BYU ) and graduated with a bachelor 's degree in English . He later earned a master 's degree in Religious Education at BYU . Holland received a second master 's degrees and later a Ph.D in American Studies at Yale University . In 1974 , Holland was appointed the Dean of Religious Education at BYU and was appointed as the eleventh commissioner of the Church Educational System two years later , replacing Neal A. Maxwell . In 1980 , Holland became the ninth president of BYU , replacing Dallin H. Oaks ."}]}, {'value': '1965 1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A . M.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts', 'summary': "Master of Arts ( Latin : Magister Artium or Artium Magister ; abbreviated M.A . or A.M. ) is a type of master 's degree awarded by universities in many countries . The degree is usually contrasted with the Master of Science . Those admitted to the degree typically study linguistics , history , communication studies , diplomacy , public administration , political science , or other subjects within the scope of the humanities and social sciences ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the natural sciences and mathematics . The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations , research , or a combination of the two . The Master of Arts traces its origin to the teaching license or Licentia docendi of the University of Paris ."}]}, {'value': 'Ninth President of BYU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matthew S. Holland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matthew_S._Holland', 'summary': 'Matthew Scott Holland ( born 1966 ) served as the 6th president of Utah Valley University ( UVU ) in Orem , Utah , and its first president after UVU was granted university status ( as opposed to a college ) .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'First President of Utah Valley University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_Valley_University', 'summary': "Utah Valley University ( UVU ) is a public university in Orem , Utah . UVU offers master 's , bachelor 's , and associate degrees . Previously called Utah Valley State College , the school attained university status in July 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Vern O. Knudsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vern_O._Knudsen', 'summary': 'Vern Oliver Knudsen ( December 27 , 1893 - May 13 , 1974 ) was an American acoustical physicist .'}]}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Chancellor of the University of California at Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California_at_Los_Angeles', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Rex E. Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rex_E._Lee', 'summary': 'Rex Edwin Lee ( February 27 , 1935 - March 11 , 1996 ) was an American lawyer , law clerk for former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Byron White , and the United States Solicitor General during the Reagan administration . He was responsible for bringing the Solicitor General in the center of policymaking . He argued 59 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court . A member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , Lee was an alumnus and the tenth president of Brigham Young University ( BYU ) . Lee was also the founding Dean of the J. Reuben Clark Law School at BYU .'}]}, {'value': '1960 1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A . Hon . D.L', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/List_of_honorary_degrees', 'summary': 'This list of honorary degrees lists all honorary degrees , including honorary doctorates .'}]}, {'value': 'Tenth President of BYU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John W. Limbong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_W._Limbong', 'summary': "John W. Limbong ( born 1957 ) is an Indonesian educator and businessman who is the founder and president of the University of International Golden Indonesia . He received a MS in economics in 1982 from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) and subsequently earned a PhD from the University of Utah in 1982 . Limbong says that while a student at BYU , one night he had a dream where Brigham Young visited him and asked him to establish a university in Limbong 's native Jakarta , Indonesia . Limbong vacillated , as he worked for Bank Indonesia for a while , but he later quit that job to pursue this dream ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M.S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Science', 'summary': "A Master of Science ( Latin : Magister Scientiae ; abbreviated MS , M.S. , MSc , M.Sc. , SM , S.M. , ScM or Sc.M . ) is a master 's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree . In contrast to the Master of Arts degree , the Master of Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences , engineering and medicine and is usually for programs that are more focused on scientific and mathematical subjects ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the humanities and social sciences . While it ultimately depends upon the specific program , earning a Master of Science degree typically includes writing a thesis ."}]}, {'value': 'President of the University of International Golden Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_International_Golden_Indonesia', 'summary': "The University of International Golden Indonesia ( IGI ) is an institution of higher learning located in Jakarta , Indonesia . Founded in 1983 by John W. Limbong , the university follows the standards prescribed in the Honor Code of the United States 's Brigham Young University , although IGI has no official affiliation with the latter school . IGI is run under the auspices of the non-profit organization Golden Nusantara Foundation . IGI offers seven areas of study , including Economics , Technology , Law , Communications , Linguistics , Medicine , Education , and Psychology ."}]}, {'value': 'F. Ann Millner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F._Ann_Millner', 'summary': "F. Ann Millner was the 11th president of Weber State University from 2002 to 2012 . She was appointed to this role after 20 years of serving the university as an educator and administrator . She is currently a Republican Senator for Utah 's 18th District ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ed.D', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ed.D.', 'summary': 'The Doctor of Education ( Ed.D . or D.Ed . ; Latin Educationis Doctor or Doctor Educationis ) is a professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education . It prepares the holder for academic , research , administrative , clinical , or professional positions in educational , civil , private organizations , or public institutions .'}]}, {'value': 'Eleventh President of Weber State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weber_State_University', 'summary': 'Weber State University ( pronounced /ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər ) is a public university in Ogden , Utah . It was founded in 1889 as Weber Stake Academy . It gained university status 29 years ago in 1991 , when it was renamed to its current name of Weber State University . It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities .'}]}, {'value': 'Stephen D. Nadauld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_D._Nadauld', 'summary': "Stephen Douglas Nadauld ( born May 31 , 1942 ) is an American academic , the former president of Dixie State University and Weber State University ( WSU ) . Nadauld was a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1991 to 1996 . Nadauld was born in Idaho Falls , Idaho . From 1961 to 1964 , he was a missionary for the LDS Church in France , where he became a fluent speaker of French . Nadauld obtained a bachelor 's degree in chemistry from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) , an MBA from Harvard Business School , and a Ph.D. in finance from the University of California at Berkeley ( UC Berkeley ) . Nadauld was a faculty member at the University of Utah ( 1970-72 ) and UC Berkeley ( 1973-76 ) . In 1976 , he became a faculty member at BYU , where he eventually became the head of the school 's MBA program . In 1983 , he left BYU for private sector opportunities , including a period of time as the CEO of a dairy cooperative and CFO of Bonneville Pacific Corporation . He was also president of Weber State College ( now WSU ) in Ogden , Utah , for five years . During his tenure , Nadauld was instrumental in Webers State 's preparations to become a university . In 1991 , Nadauld was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from WSU . In 1991 , Nadauld became a member of the LDS Church 's Second Quorum of the Seventy , a full-time ecclesiastical appointment ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}]}, {'value': 'Seventeenth President of Dixie State College ; ninth President of Weber State University ; Director of BYU MBA program', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dixie_State_College', 'summary': "Dixie State University ( DSU or , colloquially , Dixie ) is a public university in St. George , Utah , in the state 's Dixie region . The university offers 4 master 's degree , 45 bachelor 's degrees , 11 associate degrees , 44 minors , and 23 certificates/endorsements . As of Fall 2019 , there are 11,193 students enrolled at DSU , and the university has a 100% acceptance rate . The student body is 56% female and 44% male , and DSU is in the top three for diversity in the state of Utah , with 23% of the student body being minority students . The institution began as St. George Stake Academy , founded in 1911 by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) . Later it became a state school of the Utah System of Higher Education . In February 2013 , the former Dixie State College , as it had been known since 2000 , officially became Dixie State University . DSU 's 15 athletic teams compete in NCAA Division II and are collectively known as the Dixie State Trailblazers . The Trailblazers football team joined the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference in 2016 , and the Women 's Swimming team competes in the Pacific Collegiate Swim Conference , but DSU 's 13 other teams belong to the PacWest Conference . Dixie State announced that the university will reclassify to NCAA Division I and join the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) beginning in the 2020-2021 season . As the WAC does not sponsor football , Dixie State 's football program will compete as a FCS independent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Weber_State_University', 'summary': 'Weber State University ( pronounced /ˈwiːbər/ WEE-bər ) is a public university in Ogden , Utah . It was founded in 1889 as Weber Stake Academy . It gained university status 29 years ago in 1991 , when it was renamed to its current name of Weber State University . It is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Academia and research -- University administration', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Brigham_Young_University_alumni_0', 'intro': "This list of Brigham Young University alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Brigham Young University (BYU), a private, coeducational research university owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is the oldest existing institution within the LDS Church Educational System, is America's largest religious university, and has the second-largest private university enrollment in the United States. Approximately 98% of the 34,000 students at BYU are Mormon; two-thirds of its American students come from outside the state of Utah. In addition to its undergraduate program, BYU offers graduate degrees in 47 departments and includes two professional schools: the Marriott School of Management and the J. Reuben Clark Law School. BYU has approximately 370,000 living alumni. Over 26 BYU graduates have served in the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, such as former Dean of the U.S. Senate Reed Smoot (class of 1876). Cabinet members of American presidents include former United States Secretary of Agriculture to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ezra Taft Benson '26 and Rex E. Lee '60, who was U.S. Solicitor General under President Ronald Reagan. Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts and 2008 and 2012 Republican presidential nominee, was valedictorian of his class in 1971. [citation needed]\n BYU alumni in academia include former Dean of the Harvard Business School Kim B. Clark, current Vice President of Yale, Scott Strobel '87, and Michael K. Young '73, President of Texas A&M University and former President of the University of Washington. The University also graduated Nobel Prize winner Paul D. Boyer, as well as Philo Farnsworth (inventor of the electronic television) and Harvey Fletcher (inventor of the hearing aid). Seven of BYU's twelve presidents were alumni of the University."}
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What is current job of the alumnus who got an Ed.D . in 1986 ?
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Republican Senator for Utah 's 18th District
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ff88d2328bd8ebc1
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_traded_on_the_JSE', 'title': 'List of companies traded on the JSE', 'header': ['Stock symbol', 'Company', 'Notes', 'External link'], 'data': [{'value': 'RACP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RECM & Calibre Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'financial services , fund management', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_services', 'summary': 'Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry , which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money , including credit unions , banks , credit-card companies , insurance companies , accountancy companies , consumer-finance companies , stock brokerages , investment funds , individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises . Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local , national , regional and international financial centers such as London , New York City , and Tokyo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Investment_management', 'summary': "Investment management ( or financial management ) is the professional asset management of various securities ( shares , bonds , and other securities ) and other assets ( e.g. , real estate ) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors . Investors may be institutions ( insurance companies , pension funds , corporations , charities , educational establishments etc . ) or private investors ( both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g . mutual funds or exchange-traded funds ) . The term 'asset management ' is often used to refer to the investment management of investment funds , while the more generic term 'fund management ' may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors . Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of ( normally wealthy ) private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management often within the context of private banking . The term fund manager , or investment adviser in the United States , refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions . According to a Boston Consulting Group study , the assets managed professionally for fees reached an all-time high of US $ 62.4 trillion in 2012 , after remaining flat-lined since 2007 . Furthermore , these industry assets under management were expected to reach US $ 70.2 trillion at the end of 2013 as per a Cerulli Associates estimate . The global investment management industry is highly concentrated in nature , in a universe of about 70,000 funds roughly 99.7% of the US fund flows in 2012 went into just 185 funds . Additionally , a majority of fund managers report that more than 50% of their inflows go to only three funds . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'recm.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RBW', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rainbow Chicken Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'chicken , frozen food , wide variety of chicken products', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicken', 'summary': 'The chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) is a type of domesticated fowl , a subspecies of the red junglefowl ( Gallus gallus ) . They are one of the most common and widespread domestic animals , with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011 . There are more chickens in the world than any other bird or domesticated fowl . Humans keep chickens primarily as a source of food ( consuming both their meat and eggs ) and , less commonly , as pets . Originally raised for cockfighting or for special ceremonies , chickens were not kept for food until the Hellenistic period ( 4th-2nd centuries BC ) . Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in South Asia , Southeast Asia , and East Asia , but with the clade found in the Americas , Europe , the Middle East and Africa originating in the Indian subcontinent . From ancient India , the domesticated chicken spread to Lydia in western Asia Minor , and to Greece by the 5th century BC . Fowl had been known in Egypt since the mid-15th century BC , with the bird that gives birth every day having come to Egypt from the land between Syria and Shinar , Babylonia , according to the annals of Thutmose III .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Frozen_food', 'summary': "Freezing food preserves it from the time it is prepared to the time it is eaten . Since early times , farmers , fishermen , and trappers have preserved grains and produce in unheated buildings during the winter season . Freezing food slows down decomposition by turning residual moisture into ice , inhibiting the growth of most bacterial species . In the food commodity industry , there are two processes : mechanical and cryogenic ( or flash freezing ) . The freezing kinetics is important to preserve the food quality and texture . Quicker freezing generates smaller ice crystals and maintains cellular structure . Cryogenic freezing is the quickest freezing technology available due to the ultra low liquid nitrogen temperature −196 °C ( −320 °F ) . Preserving food in domestic kitchens during modern times is achieved using household freezers . Accepted advice to householders was to freeze food on the day of purchase . An initiative by a supermarket group in 2012 ( backed by the UK 's Waste & Resources Action Programme ) promotes the freezing of food as soon as possible up to the product 's 'use by ' date . The Food Standards Agency was reported as supporting the change , provided the food had been stored correctly up to that time ."}]}, {'value': 'rainbowchickens.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RMIJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rand Merchant Investment Holdings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rand_Merchant_Investment_Holdings', 'summary': 'Rand Merchant Investment Holdings , also referred to as RMI Holdings , is a listed financial services investment holding company that holds a diversified portfolio of premier insurance brands in South Africa , Australia , China , Mauritius , New Zealand , Republic of Ireland , Singapore , the United Kingdom and the United States of America .'}]}, {'value': 'financial services , fund management', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_services', 'summary': 'Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry , which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money , including credit unions , banks , credit-card companies , insurance companies , accountancy companies , consumer-finance companies , stock brokerages , investment funds , individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises . Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local , national , regional and international financial centers such as London , New York City , and Tokyo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Investment_management', 'summary': "Investment management ( or financial management ) is the professional asset management of various securities ( shares , bonds , and other securities ) and other assets ( e.g. , real estate ) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors . Investors may be institutions ( insurance companies , pension funds , corporations , charities , educational establishments etc . ) or private investors ( both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g . mutual funds or exchange-traded funds ) . The term 'asset management ' is often used to refer to the investment management of investment funds , while the more generic term 'fund management ' may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors . Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of ( normally wealthy ) private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management often within the context of private banking . The term fund manager , or investment adviser in the United States , refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions . According to a Boston Consulting Group study , the assets managed professionally for fees reached an all-time high of US $ 62.4 trillion in 2012 , after remaining flat-lined since 2007 . Furthermore , these industry assets under management were expected to reach US $ 70.2 trillion at the end of 2013 as per a Cerulli Associates estimate . The global investment management industry is highly concentrated in nature , in a universe of about 70,000 funds roughly 99.7% of the US fund flows in 2012 went into just 185 funds . Additionally , a majority of fund managers report that more than 50% of their inflows go to only three funds . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'rminsurance.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RBX', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raubex Group Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'road construction , infrastructure', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Road_construction', 'summary': 'A road is a thoroughfare , route , or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance , including a motor vehicle , cart , bicycle , or horse . Roads consist of one or two roadways ( British English : carriageways ) , each with one or more lanes and any associated sidewalks ( British English : pavement ) and road verges . There is sometimes a bike path . Other names for roads include parkways , avenues , freeways , tollways , interstates , highways , or primary , secondary , and tertiary local roads .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Infrastructure', 'summary': 'Infrastructure is the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country , city , or other area , including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function . Infrastructure is composed of public and private physical improvements such as roads , railways , bridges , tunnels , water supply , sewers , electrical grids , and telecommunications ( including Internet connectivity and broadband speeds ) . In general , it has also been defined as the physical components of interrelated systems providing commodities and services essential to enable , sustain , or enhance societal living conditions .'}]}, {'value': 'raubex.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RAH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real Africa Holdings Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'holding company ; food and healthcare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holding_company', 'summary': "A holding company is a company that owns other companies ' outstanding stock . A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself ( with no eponymous consumer-facing brand at most times ) ; rather , its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group . However , in many jurisdiction of the world , holding companies are usually termed as parent companies who besides holding stock in other companies can conduct trade and other business activities itself . Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow the ownership and control of a number of different companies . Holding companies are also created to hold assets such as IP and trade secrets that are protected from the operation company . This creates a smaller risk when it comes to litigation . In the United States , 80% of stock , in voting and value , must be owned before tax consolidation benefits such as tax-free dividends can be claimed . That is , if Company A owns 80% or more of the stock of Company B , Company A will not pay taxes on dividends paid by Company B to its stockholders , as the payment of dividends from B to A is essentially transferring cash from one company to the other . Any other shareholders of Company B will pay the usual taxes on dividends , as they are legitimate and ordinary dividends to these shareholders . Sometimes a company intended to be a pure holding company identifies itself as such by adding Holding or Holdings to its name ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Food', 'summary': "Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism . Food is usually of plant or animal origin , and contains essential nutrients , such as carbohydrates , fats , proteins , vitamins , or minerals . The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism 's cells to provide energy , maintain life , or stimulate growth . Historically , humans secured food through two methods : hunting and gathering and agriculture , which gave modern humans a mainly omnivorous diet . Worldwide , humanity has created numerous cuisines and culinary arts , including a wide array of ingredients , herbs , spices , techniques , and dishes . Today , the majority of the food energy required by the ever-increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry . Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection , World Resources Institute , World Food Programme , Food and Agriculture Organization , and International Food Information Council . They address issues such as sustainability , biological diversity , climate change , nutritional economics , population growth , water supply , and access to food . The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic , Social and Cultural Rights ( ICESCR ) , recognizing the right to an adequate standard of living , including adequate food , as well as the fundamental right to be free from hunger ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Healthcare', 'summary': "Health care , health-care , or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention , diagnosis , treatment , recovery , or cure of disease , illness , injury , and other physical and mental impairments in people . Health care is delivered by health professionals in allied health fields . Physicians and physician associates are a part of these health professionals . Dentistry , pharmacy , midwifery , nursing , medicine , optometry , audiology , psychology , occupational therapy , physical therapy , athletic training and other health professions are all part of health care . It includes work done in providing primary care , secondary care , and tertiary care , as well as in public health . Access to health care may vary across countries , communities , and individuals , influenced by social and economic conditions as well as health policies . Providing health care services means the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes . Factors to consider in terms of healthcare access include financial limitations ( such as insurance coverage ) , geographic barriers ( such as additional transportation costs , possibility to take paid time off of work to use such services ) , and personal limitations ( lack of ability to communicate with healthcare providers , poor health literacy , low income ) . Limitations to health care services affects negatively the use of medical services , efficacy of treatments , and overall outcome ( well-being , mortality rates ) . Health care systems are organizations established to meet the health needs of targeted populations . According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , a well-functioning health care system requires a financing mechanism , a well-trained and adequately paid workforce , reliable information on which to base decisions and policies , and well maintained health facilities to deliver quality medicines and technologies . An efficient health care system can contribute to a significant part of a country 's economy , development and industrialization ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RDF', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Redefine Income Fund Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'financial services , property holding , investments', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_services', 'summary': 'Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry , which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money , including credit unions , banks , credit-card companies , insurance companies , accountancy companies , consumer-finance companies , stock brokerages , investment funds , individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises . Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local , national , regional and international financial centers such as London , New York City , and Tokyo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Investments', 'summary': 'To invest is to allocate money in the expectation of some benefit in the future . In finance , the benefit from an investment is called a return . The return may consist of a gain ( or loss ) realised from the sale of property or an investment , unrealised capital appreciation ( or depreciation ) , or investment income such as dividends , interest , rental income etc. , or a combination of capital gain and income . The return may also include currency gains or losses due to changes in the foreign currency exchange rates . Investors generally expect higher returns from riskier their investments . When a low risk investment is made , the return is also generally low . Similarly , high risk comes with high returns . Investors , particularly novices , are often advised to adopt a particular investment strategy and diversify their portfolio . Diversification has the statistical effect of reducing overall risk .'}]}, {'value': 'redefine.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RIN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Redefine Properties International Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'financial services', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_services', 'summary': 'Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry , which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money , including credit unions , banks , credit-card companies , insurance companies , accountancy companies , consumer-finance companies , stock brokerages , investment funds , individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises . Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local , national , regional and international financial centers such as London , New York City , and Tokyo .'}]}, {'value': 'redefineinternational.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'REM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Remgro Limited', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Remgro', 'summary': 'Remgro Limited is an investment holding company based in Stellenbosch , South Africa .'}]}, {'value': 'financial services , investments , industry , tobacco , mining', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_services', 'summary': 'Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry , which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money , including credit unions , banks , credit-card companies , insurance companies , accountancy companies , consumer-finance companies , stock brokerages , investment funds , individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises . Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local , national , regional and international financial centers such as London , New York City , and Tokyo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Investments', 'summary': 'To invest is to allocate money in the expectation of some benefit in the future . In finance , the benefit from an investment is called a return . The return may consist of a gain ( or loss ) realised from the sale of property or an investment , unrealised capital appreciation ( or depreciation ) , or investment income such as dividends , interest , rental income etc. , or a combination of capital gain and income . The return may also include currency gains or losses due to changes in the foreign currency exchange rates . Investors generally expect higher returns from riskier their investments . When a low risk investment is made , the return is also generally low . Similarly , high risk comes with high returns . Investors , particularly novices , are often advised to adopt a particular investment strategy and diversify their portfolio . Diversification has the statistical effect of reducing overall risk .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Industry', 'summary': 'An industry is a sector that produces goods or related services within an economy . The major source of revenue of a group or company is an indicator of what industry it should be classified in . When a large corporate group has multiple sources of revenue generation , it is considered to be working in different industries . The manufacturing industry became a key sector of production and labour in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution , upsetting previous mercantile and feudal economies . This came through many successive rapid advances in technology , such as the development of steam power and the production of steel and coal . Following the Industrial Revolution , possibly a third of the economic output came from manufacturing industries . Many developed countries and many developing/semi-developed countries ( China , India etc . ) depend significantly on manufacturing industry .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tobacco', 'summary': "Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the Nicotiana genus and the Solanaceae ( nightshade ) family , and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of the tobacco plant . More than 70 species of tobacco are known , but the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum . The more potent variant N. rustica is also used around the world . Tobacco contains the highly addictive stimulant alkaloid nicotine as well as harmala alkaloids . Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking in cigarettes and cigars , as well as pipes and shishas . They can also be consumed as snuff , chewing tobacco , dipping tobacco and snus . Tobacco use is a cause or risk factor for many diseases ; especially those affecting the heart , liver , and lungs , as well as many cancers . In 2008 , the World Health Organization named tobacco use as the world 's single greatest preventable cause of death ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mining', 'summary': "Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth , usually from an ore body , lode , vein , seam , reef or placer deposit . These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner . Ores recovered by mining include metals , coal , oil shale , gemstones , limestone , chalk , dimension stone , rock salt , potash , gravel , and clay . Mining is required to obtain any material that can not be grown through agricultural processes , or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory . Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum , natural gas , or even water . Mining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times . Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies , analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine , extraction of the desired materials , and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed . Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact , both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed . Hence , most of the world 's nations have passed regulations to decrease the impact . Work safety has long been a concern as well , and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines . Levels of metal recycling are generally low . Unless future end-of-life recycling rates are stepped up , some rare metals may become unavailable for use in a variety of consumer products ."}]}, {'value': 'remgro.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RES', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Resilient Property Income Fund Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'property development ; retail property ; shopping malls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Property_development', 'summary': "Real estate development , or property development , is a business process , encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others . Real estate developers are the people and companies who coordinate all of these activities , converting ideas from paper to real property . Real estate development is different from construction , although many developers also manage the construction process . Developers buy land , finance real estate deals , build or have builders build projects , create , imagine , control , and orchestrate the process of development from the beginning to end . Developers usually take the greatest risk in the creation or renovation of real estate - and receive the greatest rewards . Typically , developers purchase a tract of land , determine the marketing of the property , develop the building program and design , obtain the necessary public approval and financing , build the structures , and rent out , manage , and ultimately sell it . Sometimes property developers will only undertake part of the process . For example , some developers source a property and get the plans and permits approved before selling the property with the plans and permits to a builder at a premium price . Alternatively , a developer that is also a builder may purchase a property with the plans and permits in place so that they do not have the risk of failing to obtain planning approval and can start construction on the development immediately . Developers work with many different counterparts along each step of this process , including architects , city planners , engineers , surveyors , inspectors , contractors , lawyers , leasing agents , etc . In the Town and Country Planning context in the United Kingdom , 'development ' is defined in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 s55 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shopping_mall', 'summary': 'A shopping mall is a modern , chiefly North American , term for a form of shopping precinct or shopping center in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops with interconnecting walkways , usually indoors . In 2017 , shopping malls accounted for 8% of retailing space in the United States . A shopping arcade is a type of shopping precinct that developed earlier and in which the connecting walkways are not owned by a single proprietor and may be in the open air or covered by a ground-floor loggia . Many early shopping arcades such as the Burlington Arcade in London , the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan , and numerous arcades in Paris are famous and still trading . However , many smaller arcades have been demolished , replaced with large centers or malls , often accessible primarily by vehicle . Technical innovations such as electric lighting and escalators were introduced from the late 19th century . From the late 20th century , entertainment venues such as movie theaters and restaurants began to be added . As a single built structure , early shopping centers were often architecturally significant constructions , enabling wealthier patrons to buy goods in spaces protected from the weather .'}]}, {'value': 'resilient.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RSG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Resource Generation Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'energy resources , coal , mining', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Energy_resources', 'summary': 'World energy resources are the estimated maximum capacity for energy production given all available resources on Earth . They can be divided by type into fossil fuel , nuclear fuel and renewable resources .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Coal', 'summary': "Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock , formed as rock strata called coal seams . Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements ; chiefly hydrogen , sulfur , oxygen , and nitrogen . Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years . Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands - called coal forests - that covered much of the Earth 's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ) and Permian times . As a fossil fuel burned for heat , coal supplies about a quarter of the world 's primary energy and two-fifths of its electricity . Some iron and steel making and other industrial processes burn coal . The extraction and use of coal causes many premature deaths and much illness . The coal industry damages the environment , including by climate change as it is the largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide , 14 gigatonne ( Gt ) in 2016 , which is 40% of the total fossil fuel emissions and almost 25% of total global greenhouse gas emissions . As part of the worldwide energy transition many countries have stopped using or use less coal , and the UN Secretary General has asked governments to stop building new coal plants by 2020 . To meet the Paris Agreement target of keeping global warming to well below 2 °C ( 3.6 °F ) coal use needs to halve from 2020 to 2030 . The largest consumer and importer of coal is China . China mines almost half the world 's coal , followed by India with about a tenth ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mining', 'summary': "Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth , usually from an ore body , lode , vein , seam , reef or placer deposit . These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner . Ores recovered by mining include metals , coal , oil shale , gemstones , limestone , chalk , dimension stone , rock salt , potash , gravel , and clay . Mining is required to obtain any material that can not be grown through agricultural processes , or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory . Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum , natural gas , or even water . Mining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times . Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies , analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine , extraction of the desired materials , and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed . Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact , both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed . Hence , most of the world 's nations have passed regulations to decrease the impact . Work safety has long been a concern as well , and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines . Levels of metal recycling are generally low . Unless future end-of-life recycling rates are stepped up , some rare metals may become unavailable for use in a variety of consumer products ."}]}, {'value': 'resgen.com.au', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RLO', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reunert Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'electronics , low-voltage electrical engineering and manufacturing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Electronics', 'summary': 'Electronics comprises the physics , engineering , technology and applications that deal with the emission , flow and control of electrons in vacuum and matter . Electronics is widely used in information processing , telecommunication , and signal processing . The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information-processing possible . Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards , electronics packaging technology , and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed electronic components into a regular working system , called an electronic system ; examples are computers or control systems . An electronic system may be a component of another engineered system or a standalone device . As of 2019 [ update ] most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control . The identification of the electron in 1897 , along with the invention of the vacuum tube , which could amplify and rectify small electrical signals , inaugurated the field of electronics and the electron age . Commonly , electronic devices contain circuitry consisting primarily or exclusively of active semiconductors supplemented with passive elements ; such a circuit is described as an electronic circuit . Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes , transistors , diodes , integrated circuits , optoelectronics , and sensors , associated passive electrical components , and interconnection technologies . The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible . Electrical and electromechanical science and technology deals with the generation , distribution , switching , storage , and conversion of electrical energy to and from other energy forms ( using wires , motors , generators , batteries , switches , relays , transformers , resistors , and other passive components ) . This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode , which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Manufacturing', 'summary': "Manufacturing is the production of products for use or sale using labor and machines , tools , chemical or biological processing or formulation and is the essence of secondary industry . The term may refer to a range of human activity from handicraft to high tech but is most commonly applied to industrial design , in which raw materials from primary industry are transformed into finished goods on a large scale . Such finished goods may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products ( such as aircraft , household appliances , furniture , sports equipment or automobiles ) , or distributed via the tertiary industry to end users and consumers ( usually through wholesalers , who in turn sell to retailers , who then sell them to individual customers ) . Manufacturing engineering or manufacturing process are the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product . The manufacturing process begins with the product design , and materials specification from which the product is made . These materials are then modified through manufacturing processes to become the required part . Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required in the production and integration of a product 's components . Some industries , such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead . The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and industrial design . Examples of major manufacturers in North America include General Motors Corporation , General Electric , Procter & Gamble , General Dynamics , Boeing , Pfizer , and Precision Castparts . Examples in Europe include Volkswagen Group , Siemens , FCA and Michelin . Examples in Asia include Toyota , Yamaha , Panasonic , LG , Samsung and Tata Motors ."}]}, {'value': 'reunert.co.za/2008/', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RTN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rex Trueform Clothing Company Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': "men 's and women 's clothing", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clothing', 'summary': 'Clothing ( also known as clothes , apparel and attire ) is items worn on the body . Clothing is typically made of fabrics or textiles but over time has included garments made from animal skin or other thin sheets of materials put together . The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies . The amount and type of clothing worn depends on gender , body type , social , and geographic considerations . Clothing serves many purposes : it can serve as protection from the elements , rough surfaces , rash-causing plants , insect bites , splinters , thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment . Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions , and they can provide a hygienic barrier , keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body . Clothing also provides protection from ultraviolet radiation . Wearing clothes is also a social norm , and being deprived of clothing in front of others may be embarrassing . In most parts of the world , not wearing clothes in public so that genitals , breasts or buttocks are visible could be considered indecent exposure .'}]}, {'value': 'rextrueform.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CFR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richemont Securities AG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richemont', 'summary': 'Compagnie Financière Richemont SA , also known as Richemont , is a Switzerland-based luxury goods holding company founded in 1988 by South African businessman Johann Rupert . Through its various subsidiaries , Richemont produces and sells jewellery , watches , leather goods , pens , firearms , clothing and accessories . Richemont is publicly traded as CFR on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the JSE Securities Exchange . The brands it owns include A. Lange & Söhne , Azzedine Alaïa , Baume & Mercier , Buccellati , Cartier , Chloé , Dunhill , IWC Schaffhausen , Giampiero Bodino , Jaeger-LeCoultre , Lancel , Montblanc , Officine Panerai , Piaget , Peter Millar , Purdey , Roger Dubuis , Vacheron Constantin , and Van Cleef & Arpels . As of November 2012 [ update ] , Compagnie Financière Richemont SA is the sixth largest corporation by market capitalization in the Swiss Market Index . As of 2017 , Richemont is the third-largest luxury goods company in the world after LVMH and Estée Lauder Companies .'}]}, {'value': 'watches , jewellery , luxury goods', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Watches', 'summary': "A watch is a portable timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person . It is designed to keep a consistent movement despite the motions caused by the person 's activities . A wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist , attached by a watch strap or other type of bracelet . A pocket watch is designed for a person to carry in a pocket , often attached to a chain . The study of timekeeping is known as horology . Watches progressed in the 17th century from spring-powered clocks , which appeared as early as the 14th century . During most of its history the watch was a mechanical device , driven by clockwork , powered by winding a mainspring , and keeping time with an oscillating balance wheel . These are called mechanical watches . In the 1960s the electronic quartz watch was invented , which was powered by a battery and kept time with a vibrating quartz crystal . By the 1980s the quartz watch had taken over most of the market from the mechanical watch . Historically , this is called the quartz revolution . Developments in the 2010s include smartwatches , which are elaborate computer-like electronic devices designed to be worn on a wrist ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jewellery', 'summary': 'Jewellery or jewelry ( American English ; see spelling differences ) consists of decorative items worn for personal adornment , such as brooches , rings , necklaces , earrings , pendants , bracelets , and cufflinks . Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes . From a western perspective , the term is restricted to durable ornaments , excluding flowers for example . For many centuries metal , often combined with gemstones , has been the normal material for jewellery , but other materials such as shells and other plant materials may be used . It is one of the oldest type of archaeological artefact - with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery . The basic forms of jewellery vary between cultures but are often extremely long-lived ; in European cultures the most common forms of jewellery listed above have persisted since ancient times , while other forms such as adornments for the nose or ankle , important in other cultures , are much less common . Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials . Gemstones and similar materials such as amber and coral , precious metals , beads , and shells have been widely used , and enamel has often been important . In most cultures jewellery can be understood as a status symbol , for its material properties , its patterns , or for meaningful symbols . Jewellery has been made to adorn nearly every body part , from hairpins to toe rings , and even genital jewellery . The patterns of wearing jewellery between the sexes , and by children and older people can vary greatly between cultures , but adult women have been the most consistent wearers of jewellery ; in modern European culture the amount worn by adult males is relatively low compared with other cultures and other periods in European culture . The word jewellery itself is derived from the word jewel , which was anglicised from the Old French jouel , and beyond that , to the Latin word jocale , meaning plaything .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Luxury_goods', 'summary': 'In economics , a luxury good ( or upmarket good ) is a good for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises , so that expenditures on the good become a greater proportion of overall spending . Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods , where demand increases proportionally less than income . Luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods and Veblen goods . The word luxury originated from the Latin word luxus , which means indulgence of the senses , regardless of cost .'}]}, {'value': 'richemont.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RMH', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RMB Holdings Limited', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RMB_Holdings', 'summary': 'RMB Holdings Limited ( RMBH ) , previously known as Rand Merchant Bank Holdings , is a South African diversified financial services holding company .'}]}, {'value': 'financial services , banking , insurance ; a holding company for financial services companies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Financial_services', 'summary': 'Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry , which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money , including credit unions , banks , credit-card companies , insurance companies , accountancy companies , consumer-finance companies , stock brokerages , investment funds , individual managers and some government-sponsored enterprises . Financial services companies are present in all economically developed geographic locations and tend to cluster in local , national , regional and international financial centers such as London , New York City , and Tokyo .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Banking', 'summary': 'A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit . Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets . Due to their importance in the financial stability of a country , banks are highly regulated in most countries . Most nations have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities . In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity , banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards , known as the Basel Accords . Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but in many ways was a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancient world . In the history of banking , a number of banking dynasties - notably , the Medicis , the Fuggers , the Welsers , the Berenbergs , and the Rothschilds - have played a central role over many centuries . The oldest existing retail bank is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena , while the oldest existing merchant bank is Berenberg Bank .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Insurance', 'summary': "Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss . It is a form of risk management , primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss . An entity which provides insurance is known as an insurer , insurance company , insurance carrier or underwriter . A person or entity who buys insurance is known as an insured or as a policyholder . The insurance transaction involves the insured assuming a guaranteed and known relatively small loss in the form of payment to the insurer in exchange for the insurer 's promise to compensate the insured in the event of a covered loss . The loss may or may not be financial , but it must be reducible to financial terms , and usually involves something in which the insured has an insurable interest established by ownership , possession , or pre-existing relationship . The insured receives a contract , called the insurance policy , which details the conditions and circumstances under which the insurer will compensate the insured . The amount of money charged by the insurer to the policyholder for the coverage set forth in the insurance policy is called the premium . If the insured experiences a loss which is potentially covered by the insurance policy , the insured submits a claim to the insurer for processing by a claims adjuster . The insurer may hedge its own risk by taking out reinsurance , whereby another insurance company agrees to carry some of the risk , especially if the primary insurer deems the risk too large for it to carry ."}]}, {'value': 'rmbh.co.za', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RBP', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Bafokeng Platinum Ltd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Bafokeng_Nation', 'summary': "The Royal Bafokeng Nation is the ethnic homeland of the Bafokeng people , a Setswana-speaking traditional community . The monarchy covers 1,000 square kilometers ( 390 sq mi ) in the North West Province of South Africa . The capital is Phokeng , near Rustenburg . Bafokeng is used to refer to both the tribal grouping as well as the land its members inhabit . The kingdom 's current ruler is Kgosi ( King ) Leruo Molotlegi , who has reigned since 2000 . The nation gained greater international attention in 2010 , owing to its Royal Bafokeng Stadium , where six of the FIFA 2010 World Cup games were played , and the Bafokeng Sports Campus , where they hosted the England football team during the World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'mining', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mining', 'summary': "Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth , usually from an ore body , lode , vein , seam , reef or placer deposit . These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner . Ores recovered by mining include metals , coal , oil shale , gemstones , limestone , chalk , dimension stone , rock salt , potash , gravel , and clay . Mining is required to obtain any material that can not be grown through agricultural processes , or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory . Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum , natural gas , or even water . Mining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times . Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies , analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine , extraction of the desired materials , and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed . Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact , both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed . Hence , most of the world 's nations have passed regulations to decrease the impact . Work safety has long been a concern as well , and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines . Levels of metal recycling are generally low . Unless future end-of-life recycling rates are stepped up , some rare metals may become unavailable for use in a variety of consumer products ."}]}, {'value': 'bafokengplatinum.co.za', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'R', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_companies_traded_on_the_JSE_17', 'intro': 'This is a list of companies traded on the JSE. The original compilation of the list was done in February 2006. It is in the process of being updated.'}
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What company is involved in the industry in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops with interconnecting walkways , usually indoors . ?
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Resilient Property Income Fund Limited
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ff891d25fb821209
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_17)', 'title': 'Live with Regis and Kelly (season 17)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'March 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Dwayne Johnson , Gisele Bundchen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson', 'summary': "Dwayne Douglas Johnson ( born May 2 , 1972 ) , also known by his ring name , The Rock , is an American actor , producer , investor and retired professional wrestler . Johnson was a professional wrestler for the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF , now WWE ) for eight years prior to pursuing an acting career . His films have grossed over $ 3.5 billion in North America and over $ 10.5 billion worldwide , making Johnson one of the most successful and highest-grossing box-office stars of all time . Johnson was a college football player for the University of Miami , with whom he won a national championship in 1991 . He initially aspired for a professional career in football and entered the 1995 NFL Draft , but he went undrafted . As a result , Johnson signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) , but was cut from the team in the middle of his first season . Shortly after , he began training as a professional wrestler . In 1996 , Johnson secured a contract with the WWF and was promoted as the first third-generation wrestler in the company 's history , as he is the son of Rocky Johnson and grandson of Peter Maivia . He rose to prominence after developing a charismatic persona of a boastful trash-talking wrestler named The Rock . He subsequently won his first WWF Championship in 1998 and helped usher the WWF into the Attitude Era , a boom period in the company 's business in the latter 1990s and early 2000s which still hold professional wrestling records for television ratings . In 2004 , he left the WWE to pursue an acting career and went on a seven-year hiatus before returning in 2011 as a part-time performer until 2013 , before wholly retiring in 2019 . Considered to be one of the greatest professional wrestlers and biggest draws of all-time , The Rock headlined the most-bought professional wrestling pay-per-view event ever , WrestleMania XXVIII , and was featured in among the most watched episodes of WWE 's television shows , WWE Raw and WWE SmackDown ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gisele_Bundchen', 'summary': "Gisele Caroline Bündchen ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʒiˈzɛli ˈbĩtʃẽ ] , German : [ ˈbʏntçn̩ ] , born 20 July 1980 ) is a Brazilian model , environmental activist , author , actress , and businesswoman . Since 2001 , Bündchen was one of the highest-paid models in the world . In 2007 , she was the 16th richest woman in the entertainment industry , and earned the top spot on Forbes top-earning models list in 2012 . In 2014 , Bündchen was listed as the 89th Most Powerful Woman in the World by Forbes . In 2002 , Bündchen was the first of three Brazilian models to achieve the status of supermodel . Vogue has credited Bündchen with ending the heroin chic era of modeling in 1999 ; instead ushering in a sexy , healthy look with curves and a golden tan . Bündchen was a Victoria 's Secret Angel from 2000 until mid-2007 and had signed Victoria 's Secret 's biggest contract to date . She is credited with pioneering and popularizing the horse walk , a stomping movement created by a model lifting her knees high and kicking her feet to step . In 2007 , Claudia Schiffer called Bündchen the only remaining supermodel . Bündchen has appeared on more than 1,200 magazine covers . Bündchen was nominated for Choice Movie Female Breakout Star and for Choice Movie Villain at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards for her supporting role in Taxi ( 2004 ) . She had a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) and was the executive producer of an educational environmental cartoon , Gisele & the Green Team , in 2010 to 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'March 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'John Travolta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Travolta', 'summary': 'John Joseph Travolta ( born February 18 , 1954 ) is an American actor , singer and dancer . Travolta rose to fame during the 1970s , appearing on the television series Welcome Back , Kotter ( 1975-1979 ) and starring in the box office successes Saturday Night Fever ( 1977 ) and Grease ( 1978 ) . His acting career declined through the 1980s , but enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s with his role in Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) , and he has since starred in films such as Get Shorty ( 1995 ) , Broken Arrow ( 1996 ) , Face/Off ( 1997 ) , Swordfish ( 2001 ) , Be Cool ( 2005 ) , Wild Hogs ( 2007 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) , Bolt ( 2008 ) , and The Taking of Pelham 123 ( 2009 ) . Travolta was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for performances in Saturday Night Fever and Pulp Fiction . He won his first and only Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy for his performance in Get Shorty and has received a total of six nominations , the most recent being in 2011 . In 2010 , he received the IIFA Award for Outstanding Achievement in International Cinema . In 2016 , Travolta received his first Primetime Emmy Award , as a producer of the first season of the anthology series American Crime Story , subtitled The People v. O. J. Simpson . He also received an additional Emmy nomination and a Golden Globe nomination for his portrayal of lawyer Robert Shapiro in the series .'}]}, {'value': 'March 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Vin Diesel , Mötley Crüe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vin_Diesel', 'summary': 'Mark Sinclair ( born July 18 , 1967 ) , known professionally as Vin Diesel , is an American actor and producer . He rose to international fame with his role as Dominic Toretto in The Fast and the Furious franchise . Diesel began his career in 1990 , but initially struggled to gain roles until he created and starred in the short film Multi-Facial ( 1995 ) , which attracted the attention of director Steven Spielberg , who was developing his film Saving Private Ryan . Spielberg re-wrote elements of the film to allow Diesel to appear in it , which helped kickstart his career . He subsequently voiced the titular character in The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , while gaining a reputation as an action star after starring in The Fast and the Furious , the XXX series , and The Chronicles of Riddick . Later in his career , Diesel also became known for lending his voice to the character of Groot in Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , and voicing a cameo of the same character in Ralph Breaks the Internet ( 2018 ) . He also founded the production company One Race Films . Away from action films , Diesel has enjoyed commercial success in a number of other genres , such as in the comedy film The Pacifier ( 2005 ) , while his performance in Find Me Guilty ( 2006 ) was praised . Diesel will portray the comic book character Bloodshot in its 2020 film adaptation , and is slated to appear in the Avatar sequels .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mötley_Crüe', 'summary': "Mötley Crüe is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California , in 1981 . The group was founded by bassist Nikki Sixx , drummer Tommy Lee , lead guitarist Mick Mars and lead singer Vince Neil . Mötley Crüe has sold over 100 million albums worldwide . They have also achieved seven platinum or multi-platinum certifications , nine Top 10 albums on the Billboard 200 chart ( including 1989 's Dr. Feelgood , which is Mötley Crüe 's only album to reach number one ) , twenty-two Top 40 mainstream rock hits , and six Top 20 pop singles . The band experienced several short-term lineup changes in the 1990s and 2000s ; these included the introduction of vocalist John Corabi ( who was Neil 's replacement from 1992 to 1996 ) and drummers Randy Castillo and Samantha Maloney , both of whom filled in for Lee during his absence from the band from 1999 to 2004 . The members of Mötley Crüe have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the androgynous personae they maintained . Following the hard rock and heavy metal origins on the band 's first two albums , Too Fast for Love ( 1981 ) and Shout at the Devil ( 1983 ) , the release of its third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) saw Mötley Crüe joining the first wave of glam metal . The band has also been known for their elaborate live performances , which features flame thrower guitars , roller coaster drum kits , and heavy use of pyrotechnics . Mötley Crüe 's most recent studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . What was planned to be the band 's final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 . The concert was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 . After two-and-a-half years of inactivity , Neil announced in September 2018 that Mötley Crüe had reunited and was working on new material ."}]}, {'value': 'March 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Halle Berry , Christina Milian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halle_Berry', 'summary': "Halle Maria Berry ( born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . Berry won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama film Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) , becoming the only woman of African American descent to have won the award . Before becoming an actress , Berry was a model and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the first runner-up in the Miss USA pageant and coming in sixth in the Miss World 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang ( 1992 ) , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films , such as the family comedy The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , the political comedy-drama Bulworth ( 1998 ) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge ( 1999 ) , for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award . In addition to her Academy Award , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s , such as Storm in X-Men ( 2000 ) , the thrillers Swordfish ( 2001 ) and Gothika ( 2003 ) , and the spy film Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , where she played Bond girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 ( 2003 ) and X-Men : The Last Stand ( 2006 ) . In the 2010s , she has featured in the science-fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , the crime thriller The Call ( 2013 ) and the action films X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , Kingsman : The Golden Circle ( 2017 ) and John Wick : Chapter 3 - Parabellum ( 2019 ) . Berry was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s , and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . Berry is also a Revlon spokesmodel . She was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , singer-songwriter Eric Benét , and actor Olivier Martinez . She has a child each with Martinez and model Gabriel Aubry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Christina_Milian', 'summary': "Christine Flores ( born September 26 , 1981 ) , better known as Christina Milian ( /ˌmɪliˈɑːn/ ) , is an American actress , singer and songwriter of Cuban origin . Born in Jersey City , New Jersey , and raised in Maryland , Milian signed a contract with Def Jam at the age of 19 . In 2001 , Milian released her self-titled debut album , which featured the singles AM to PM and When You Look at Me ; AM to PM charted within the Top 40 of the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart . In 2004 , Milian released her second studio album It 's About Time , which provided her first major U.S. hit , Dip It Low , which reached number five on the U.S . Billboard chart . Whatever U Want was released as the album 's second single . Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart . In 2006 , Milian released her third studio album So Amazin ' . The album produced one single , Say I , which peaked in the Top 30 of the US Billboard chart . A month after the release of So Amazin ' , Milian 's representative confirmed that she had left Island Records due to creative differences . Milian signed with Interscope Records in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'March 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Sylvester Stallone , Christopher Byrne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone', 'summary': "Sylvester Enzio Stallone ( /stəˈloʊn/ ; born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone , July 6 , 1946 ) is an American actor , director , screenwriter , and producer . After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974 , he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush . Stallone mostly only found gradual work as an extra or side character in films with a sizeable budget until he achieved his greatest critical and commercial success as an actor , starting in 1976 with his self-created role as the boxer Rocky Balboa , in the first film of the successful Rocky series ( 1976-2018 ) . In the films , Rocky is portrayed as an underdog fighter that does battle with numerous brutal opponents , and wins the world heavyweight championship twice . The last two entries in the series are Creed and Creed 2 , that serve as spin-off films focusing on Adonis Creed , the son of the ill-fated boxer Apollo Creed , to whom the long retired Rocky is a mentor . Reprising the role during the 2010s brought Stallone praise , and his first Golden Globe award for the first Creed , as well as a third Oscar nomination , having been first nominated for the same role 40 years prior . Stallone had similar box-office success , portraying the PTSD plagued soldier John Rambo in the five Rambo films ( 1982-2019 ) and as mercenary Barney Ross in the three The Expendables films ( 2010-2014 ) . He wrote or co-wrote most of the films in his three biggest franchises , and directed many of them . Stallone 's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry , and had its props placed in the Smithsonian Museum . His use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps , and Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum . It was announced on December 7 , 2010 that he was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category . In 1977 , Stallone was nominated for two Academy Awards for Rocky , for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Byrne_(musician)', 'summary': 'Black 47 was an American Celtic rock band from New York City , formed in 1989 by Larry Kirwan and Chris Byrne , and derives its name from a traditional term for the summer of 1847 , the worst year of the Great Famine in Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'March 8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Greg Kinnear , George Lopez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Kinnear', 'summary': "Gregory Buck Kinnear ( born June 17 , 1963 ) is an American actor , producer and television personality . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in As Good as It Gets ( 1997 ) . Kinnear has appeared in many popular films , including Sabrina ( 1995 ) , You 've Got Mail ( 1998 ) , Nurse Betty ( 2000 ) , Someone like You ( 2001 ) , We Were Soldiers , Auto Focus ( both 2002 ) , Stuck on You ( 2003 ) , Robots ( 2005 ) , Little Miss Sunshine , Invincible ( both 2006 ) , Green Zone , The Last Song ( both 2010 ) , Heaven Is for Real ( 2014 ) , and television roles , such as Friends , Talk Soup , The Kennedys , Modern Family , House of Cards , and Rake ."}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Lopez', 'summary': 'George Edward Lopez ( born April 23 , 1961 ) is an American comedian and actor . He is known for starring in his self-produced ABC sitcom . His stand-up comedy examines race and ethnic relations , including Mexican American culture . Lopez has received several honors for his work and contributions to the Latino community , including the 2003 Imagen Vision Award , the 2003 Latino Spirit Award for Excellence in Television and the National Hispanic Media Coalition Impact Award . He was also named one of The Top 25 Hispanics in America by Time magazine in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'March 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Robin Williams , Nigella Lawson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robin_Williams', 'summary': "Robin McLaurin Williams ( July 21 , 1951 - August 11 , 2014 ) was an American actor and comedian . Born in Chicago , Williams began performing stand-up comedy in San Francisco and Los Angeles during the mid-1970s . After rising to fame playing the alien Mork in the sitcom Mork & Mindy , Williams established a career in both stand-up comedy and feature film acting . He was known for his improvisation skills and the wide variety of memorable character voices he created . Many critics have lauded Williams as one of the funniest comedians of all time . After his first starring film role in Popeye ( 1980 ) , Williams starred in numerous films that achieved critical and commercial success , including The World According to Garp ( 1982 ) ; Moscow on the Hudson ( 1984 ) ; Good Morning , Vietnam ( 1987 ) ; Dead Poets Society ( 1989 ) ; Awakenings ( 1990 ) ; The Fisher King ( 1991 ) ; Patch Adams ( 1998 ) ; One Hour Photo ( 2002 ) and World 's Greatest Dad ( 2009 ) ; as well as box office hits such as Hook ( 1991 ) , Aladdin ( 1992 ) , Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ) , Jumanji ( 1995 ) , The Birdcage ( 1996 ) , Good Will Hunting ( 1997 ) and the Night at the Museum trilogy ( 2006-2014 ) . Williams was nominated four times for Academy Awards , winning Best Supporting Actor for his performance as psychologist Sean Maguire in Good Will Hunting . He also received two Primetime Emmy Awards , six Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and four Grammy Awards . Williams committed suicide in 2014 at his home in Paradise Cay , California , at the age of 63 . His wife attributed his suicide to his struggle with Lewy body disease ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nigella_Lawson', 'summary': "Nigella Lucy Lawson ( born 6 January 1960 ) is an English food writer and cooking show host . She is the daughter of Nigel Lawson , a former Conservative Chancellor of the Exchequer , and Vanessa ( née Salmon ) Lawson , whose family owned the J. Lyons and Co. food and catering business . She attended Godolphin and Latymer School , London . After graduating from the University of Oxford , where she was a member of Lady Margaret Hall , Lawson started work as a book reviewer and restaurant critic , later becoming the deputy literary editor of The Sunday Times in 1986 . She then embarked upon a career as a freelance journalist , writing for a number of newspapers and magazines . In 1998 her first cookery book , How to Eat , was published and sold 300,000 copies , becoming a best-seller . She published her second book in 2000 , How to Be a Domestic Goddess , which won her the British Book Award for Author of the Year . In 1999 she hosted her own cooking show series , Nigella Bites , on Channel 4 , accompanied by another best-selling cookbook . Nigella Bites won Lawson a Guild of Food Writers Award ; her 2005 ITV daytime chat show Nigella met with a negative critical reaction and was cancelled after attracting low ratings . She hosted the Food Network 's Nigella Feasts in the United States in 2006 , followed by a three-part BBC Two series , Nigella 's Christmas Kitchen , in the UK , which led to the commissioning of Nigella Express on BBC Two in 2007 . Her own cookware range , Living Kitchen , has a value of £7 million , and she has sold more than 3 million cookery books worldwide to date ."}]}, {'value': 'March 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'John Stamos , John Lithgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Stamos', 'summary': "John Phillip Stamos ( Greek : Τζον Φίλλιπ Στάμος ; /ˈsteɪmoʊs/ STAY-mohss ; born August 19 , 1963 ) is an American actor , producer , musician , comedian and singer . He first gained recognition for his contract role as Blackie Parrish on the ABC television series General Hospital , for which he was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series . He is known for his work in television , especially in his starring role as Jesse Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom Full House . Since the show 's finale in 1995 , Stamos has appeared in numerous TV films and series . Since 2005 , he has been the national spokesperson for Project Cuddle . From 2005 to 2009 , Stamos had a starring role on the NBC medical drama ER as Dr. Tony Gates . In September 2009 , he began playing the role of Albert in the Broadway revival of Bye Bye Birdie . From September 2015 to 2016 , Stamos starred as the lead character in the Fox sitcom Grandfathered . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer of the Netflix series Fuller House , in which he reprised the role of Jesse Katsopolis . Recently , he starred as Dr. Nicky in the Lifetime/Netflix psychological thriller You ."}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Lithgow', 'summary': "John Arthur Lithgow ( /ˈlɪθɡoʊ/ LITH-goh ; born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American actor , musician , poet , author , and singer . Over the course of his career he has received numerous accolades and been nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards . He has also been awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame . Lithgow is best known for his television roles as Dick Solomon in the comedy 3rd Rock from the Sun ( 1996-2001 ) , Arthur Mitchell in the drama Dexter ( 2009 ) , and Winston Churchill in the drama The Crown ( 2016-2019 ) , for each of which he won Primetime Emmy Awards . He is also well known for his roles in Blow Out ( 1981 ) , Footloose ( 1984 ) , Harry and the Hendersons ( 1987 ) , Rugrats in Paris : The Movie ( 2000 ) , Shrek ( 2001 ) , and Love Is Strange ( 2014 ) . His performances in The World According to Garp ( 1982 ) and Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has appeared on stage in many Broadway productions , including the musical adaptations of Sweet Smell of Success and Dirty Rotten Scoundrels . In 2007 , he made his Royal Shakespeare Company debut as Malvolio in Neil Bartlett 's production of Twelfth Night . In 2019 , he starred on Broadway opposite Laurie Metcalf in Hillary and Clinton ."}]}, {'value': 'March 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'John Stamos , John Lithgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Stamos', 'summary': "John Phillip Stamos ( Greek : Τζον Φίλλιπ Στάμος ; /ˈsteɪmoʊs/ STAY-mohss ; born August 19 , 1963 ) is an American actor , producer , musician , comedian and singer . He first gained recognition for his contract role as Blackie Parrish on the ABC television series General Hospital , for which he was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series . He is known for his work in television , especially in his starring role as Jesse Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom Full House . Since the show 's finale in 1995 , Stamos has appeared in numerous TV films and series . Since 2005 , he has been the national spokesperson for Project Cuddle . From 2005 to 2009 , Stamos had a starring role on the NBC medical drama ER as Dr. Tony Gates . In September 2009 , he began playing the role of Albert in the Broadway revival of Bye Bye Birdie . From September 2015 to 2016 , Stamos starred as the lead character in the Fox sitcom Grandfathered . As of 2016 , he is an executive producer of the Netflix series Fuller House , in which he reprised the role of Jesse Katsopolis . Recently , he starred as Dr. Nicky in the Lifetime/Netflix psychological thriller You ."}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Lithgow', 'summary': "John Arthur Lithgow ( /ˈlɪθɡoʊ/ LITH-goh ; born October 19 , 1945 ) is an American actor , musician , poet , author , and singer . Over the course of his career he has received numerous accolades and been nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards . He has also been awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame . Lithgow is best known for his television roles as Dick Solomon in the comedy 3rd Rock from the Sun ( 1996-2001 ) , Arthur Mitchell in the drama Dexter ( 2009 ) , and Winston Churchill in the drama The Crown ( 2016-2019 ) , for each of which he won Primetime Emmy Awards . He is also well known for his roles in Blow Out ( 1981 ) , Footloose ( 1984 ) , Harry and the Hendersons ( 1987 ) , Rugrats in Paris : The Movie ( 2000 ) , Shrek ( 2001 ) , and Love Is Strange ( 2014 ) . His performances in The World According to Garp ( 1982 ) and Terms of Endearment ( 1983 ) earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has appeared on stage in many Broadway productions , including the musical adaptations of Sweet Smell of Success and Dirty Rotten Scoundrels . In 2007 , he made his Royal Shakespeare Company debut as Malvolio in Neil Bartlett 's production of Twelfth Night . In 2019 , he starred on Broadway opposite Laurie Metcalf in Hillary and Clinton ."}]}], 'section_title': 'March 2005', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(Season_17)_6', 'intro': "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 17th season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment."}
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The English food writer and cooking show host had a guest appearance on what Date ?
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March 9
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ff893ddcacade87a
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BBC_properties', 'title': 'List of BBC properties', 'header': ['Name', 'Location', 'Radio services'], 'data': [{'value': 'BBC Ayr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ayr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ayr', 'summary': "Ayr ( /ɛər/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Inbhir Àir , Mouth of the River Ayr ) is a town situated on the southwest coast of Scotland . It is the administrative centre of the South Ayrshire council area and the historic county town of Ayrshire . With a population of 45,595 in 2015 , Ayr is the largest settlement in Ayrshire and the 14th largest settlement in Scotland . The town is continuous with the smaller town of Prestwick to the north . Ayr was established as a Royal Burgh in 1205 . It served as Ayrshire 's central marketplace and harbour throughout the Medieval Period and was a well-known port during the Early Modern Period . On the southern bank of the River Ayr sits the ramparts of a citadel constructed by Oliver Cromwell 's men during the mid-17th century . Towards the south of the town is the birthplace of Scottish poet Robert Burns in the suburb of Alloway . Ayr has been a popular tourist resort since the expansion of the railway in 1840 owing to the town 's fine beach and its links to golfing and Robert Burns . Ayr was represented by a Conservative MP continuously for a period of 91 years - from 1906 ( as part of the Ayr Burghs constituency ) until 1997 , followed by Labour from 1997 to 2015 , and the Scottish National Party from 2015 to 2017 . The town forms part of the Ayr constituency in the Scottish Parliament , the first Conservative constituency seat in the Parliament , which has been represented by Conservative MSP John Scott since a by-election in 2000 . In the UK Parliament , Ayr is situated within the Ayr , Carrick and Cumnock constituency which was represented by Conservative MP Bill Grant from the 2017 general election , until he was unseated in the 2019 general election by Allan Dorans of the Scottish National Party ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_Gàidheal', 'summary': 'BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is a Scottish radio station , broadcasting in Scottish Gaelic . It is operated by the BBC as part of its portfolio of television and radio services in Scotland . The station is available from FM transmitters throughout Scotland : its service licence states that BBC Radio nan Gàidheal should be available every day for general reception across Scotland on FM ; it can also be heard on digital television platforms , DAB Digital Radio , and online . BBC Radio nan Gàidheal programmes are also broadcast ( with an in-vision graphical overlay ) on the Scottish Gaelic digital television channel BBC Alba during periods when the channel is not carrying television programmes .'}]}, {'value': 'BBC Broadcasting House ( Aberdeen )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aberdeen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aberdeen', 'summary': "Aberdeen ( /ˌæbərˈdiːn/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Aiberdeen , listen ( help·info ) ; Scottish Gaelic : Obar Dheathain [ opəɾ ˈɛ.ɛɲ ] ; Latin : Aberdonia ) is a city in northeast Scotland . It is Scotland 's third most populous city , one of Scotland 's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom 's 39th most populous built-up area , with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and 227,560 for the local council area . During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries , Aberdeen 's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite , which can sparkle like silver because of its high mica content . Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s , Aberdeen has been known as the off-shore oil capital of Europe . The area around Aberdeen has been settled for at least 8,000 years , when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don . The city has a long , sandy coastline and a marine climate , the latter resulting in chilly summers and mild winters . Aberdeen received Royal burgh status from David I of Scotland ( 1124-1153 ) , transforming the city economically . The city has two universities , the University of Aberdeen , founded in 1495 , and Robert Gordon University , which was awarded university status in 1992 , making Aberdeen the educational centre of north-east Scotland . The traditional industries of fishing , paper-making , shipbuilding , and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen 's seaport . Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland . Aberdeen used to host the Aberdeen International Youth Festival , a major international event which attracted up to 1000 of the most talented young performing arts companies but the council ended funding in 2017 and the festival was wound up in 2018 . In 2015 , Mercer named Aberdeen the 57th most liveable city in the world , as well as the fourth most liveable city in Britain ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_Gàidheal', 'summary': 'BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is a Scottish radio station , broadcasting in Scottish Gaelic . It is operated by the BBC as part of its portfolio of television and radio services in Scotland . The station is available from FM transmitters throughout Scotland : its service licence states that BBC Radio nan Gàidheal should be available every day for general reception across Scotland on FM ; it can also be heard on digital television platforms , DAB Digital Radio , and online . BBC Radio nan Gàidheal programmes are also broadcast ( with an in-vision graphical overlay ) on the Scottish Gaelic digital television channel BBC Alba during periods when the channel is not carrying television programmes .'}]}, {'value': 'Liniclate Community School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benbecula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benbecula', 'summary': 'Benbecula ( /bɛnˈbɛkjʊlə/ ( listen ) ; Scottish Gaelic : Beinn nam Fadhla or Beinn na Faoghla ) is an island of the Outer Hebrides , in the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Scotland . In the 2011 census it had a usually resident population of 1,283 , with a sizable percentage of Roman Catholics . It forms part of the area administered by Comhairle nan Eilean Siar or the Western Isles Council .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Production Village', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dumbarton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dumbarton', 'summary': "Dumbarton ( /dʌmˈbɑːrtən/ ; from Scottish Gaelic Dùn Breatann or Dùn Breatainn , meaning 'fort of the Britons ' pronounced [ t̪umˈpɾʲɛʰt̪ɪɲ ] ) is a town in West Dunbartonshire , Scotland , on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary . In 2006 , it had an estimated population of 19,990 . Dumbarton was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Alclud , and later the county town of Dunbartonshire . Dumbarton Castle , on top of Dumbarton Rock , dominates the area . Dumbarton was a Royal burgh between 1222 and 1975 . Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding , glassmaking , and whisky production . However these industries have since declined , and Dumbarton today is increasingly a commuter town for Glasgow 13 miles ( 21 km ) east-southeast of it . Dumbarton F.C . is the local football club . Dumbarton is home to BBC Scotland 's drama studio"}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elmbank', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dumfries', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dumfries', 'summary': "Dumfries ( /dʌmˈfriːs/ ( listen ) dum-FREESS ; possibly from Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Phris ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland . It is located near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth . Dumfries is the traditional county town of the historic county of Dumfriesshire . Dumfries is nicknamed Queen of the South . The nickname has also given name to the town 's professional football club . People from Dumfries are known colloquially in Scots language as Doonhamers ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC Dundee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dundee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dundee', 'summary': "Dundee ( /dʌnˈdiː/ ( listen ) ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Dè or Dùn Dèagh [ ˈt̪uːn tʲeː ] ) is Scotland 's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom . The mid-year population estimate for 2018 was 148,750 , giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km2 or 6,420/sq mi , the second-highest in Scotland . It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay , which feeds into the North Sea . Under the name of Dundee City ( officially the City of Dundee ) , it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland . Historically part of Angus , the city developed into a burgh in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port . Rapid expansion was brought on by the Industrial Revolution , particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global jute industry . This , along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of jute , jam and journalism . Today , Dundee is promoted as One City , Many Discoveries in honour of Dundee 's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery , Robert Falcon Scott 's Antarctic exploration vessel , which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point . Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s , and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom 's digital entertainment industry , including mobile app development and gaming . Dundee has two universities - the University of Dundee and the Abertay University . In 2014 Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK 's first UNESCO City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research , comics and video games . A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional football clubs , Dundee F.C ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Tun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh', 'summary': "Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC Pacific Quay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay', 'summary': "BBC Pacific Quay is BBC Scotland 's television and radio studio complex at Pacific Quay , Glasgow , Scotland . Opened by then Prime Minister Gordon Brown on 20 September 2007 , the studios are home to BBC Scotland 's television , radio and online services and the headquarters of the BBC in Scotland ."}]}, {'value': 'Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow', 'summary': "Glasgow ( /ˈɡlæzɡoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈɡlɑːzɡoʊ , ˈɡlɑːsɡoʊ/ , US : /ˈɡlæsɡoʊ , ˈɡlæskoʊ/ ; Scots : Glesga [ ˈɡlezɡə ] ; Scottish Gaelic : Glaschu [ ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu ] ) is the most populous city in Scotland , and the third most populous city in the United Kingdom , as of the 2017 estimated city population of 621,020 . Historically part of Lanarkshire , the city now forms the Glasgow City council area , one of the 32 council areas of Scotland ; the local authority is Glasgow City Council . Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country 's West Central Lowlands . It is the fifth most visited city in the UK . Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians or , informally , as Weegies . Glasgow is also known for the Glasgow patter , a distinct dialect of the Scots language that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city . Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland , and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain . Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh , and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century , it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century . From the eighteenth century onwards , the city also grew as one of Great Britain 's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies . With the onset of the Industrial Revolution , the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world 's pre-eminent centres of chemicals , textiles and engineering ; most notably in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry , which produced many innovative and famous vessels . Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period , although many cities argue the title was theirs . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Glasgow 's population grew rapidly , reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_Gàidheal', 'summary': 'BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is a Scottish radio station , broadcasting in Scottish Gaelic . It is operated by the BBC as part of its portfolio of television and radio services in Scotland . The station is available from FM transmitters throughout Scotland : its service licence states that BBC Radio nan Gàidheal should be available every day for general reception across Scotland on FM ; it can also be heard on digital television platforms , DAB Digital Radio , and online . BBC Radio nan Gàidheal programmes are also broadcast ( with an in-vision graphical overlay ) on the Scottish Gaelic digital television channel BBC Alba during periods when the channel is not carrying television programmes .'}]}, {'value': 'Glasgow North Trading Estate', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow', 'summary': "Glasgow ( /ˈɡlæzɡoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈɡlɑːzɡoʊ , ˈɡlɑːsɡoʊ/ , US : /ˈɡlæsɡoʊ , ˈɡlæskoʊ/ ; Scots : Glesga [ ˈɡlezɡə ] ; Scottish Gaelic : Glaschu [ ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu ] ) is the most populous city in Scotland , and the third most populous city in the United Kingdom , as of the 2017 estimated city population of 621,020 . Historically part of Lanarkshire , the city now forms the Glasgow City council area , one of the 32 council areas of Scotland ; the local authority is Glasgow City Council . Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country 's West Central Lowlands . It is the fifth most visited city in the UK . Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians or , informally , as Weegies . Glasgow is also known for the Glasgow patter , a distinct dialect of the Scots language that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city . Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland , and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain . Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh , and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century , it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century . From the eighteenth century onwards , the city also grew as one of Great Britain 's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies . With the onset of the Industrial Revolution , the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world 's pre-eminent centres of chemicals , textiles and engineering ; most notably in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry , which produced many innovative and famous vessels . Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period , although many cities argue the title was theirs . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Glasgow 's population grew rapidly , reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Broadcasting House ( Inverness )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inverness', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inverness', 'summary': "Inverness ( /ɪnvərˈnɛs/ ( listen ) ; from the Scottish Gaelic : Inbhir Nis [ iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ ] , meaning Mouth of the River Ness ; Scots : Innerness ) is an ancient cathedral city in the Scottish Highlands . It is the administrative centre for The Highland Council and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands . Historically it served as the county town of the county of Inverness-shire . Inverness lies near two important battle sites : the 11th-century battle of Blàr nam Fèinne against Norway which took place on the Aird , and the 18th century Battle of Culloden which took place on Culloden Moor . It is the northernmost city in the United Kingdom and lies within the Great Glen ( Gleann Mòr ) at its northeastern extremity where the River Ness enters the Moray Firth . At the latest , a settlement was established by the 6th century with the first royal charter being granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ( King David I ) in the 12th century . The Gaelic king Mac Bethad Mac Findláich ( MacBeth ) whose 11th-century killing of King Duncan was immortalised in Shakespeare 's largely fictionalized play Macbeth , held a castle within the city where he ruled as Mormaer of Moray and Ross . The population of Inverness grew from 40,969 in 2001 to 46,969 in 2012 , according to World Population Review . The Greater Inverness area , including Culloden and Westhill , had a population of 56,969 in 2012 . In 2018 , it had a population of 69,696 . Inverness is one of Europe 's fastest growing cities , with a quarter of the Highland population living in or around it , and is ranked fifth out of 189 British cities for its quality of life , the highest of any Scottish city . In the recent past , Inverness has experienced rapid economic growth : between 1998 and 2008 , Inverness and the rest of the central Highlands showed the largest growth of average economic productivity per person in Scotland and the second greatest growth in the United Kingdom as a whole , with an increase of 86% ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio nan Gàidheal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_Gàidheal', 'summary': 'BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is a Scottish radio station , broadcasting in Scottish Gaelic . It is operated by the BBC as part of its portfolio of television and radio services in Scotland . The station is available from FM transmitters throughout Scotland : its service licence states that BBC Radio nan Gàidheal should be available every day for general reception across Scotland on FM ; it can also be heard on digital television platforms , DAB Digital Radio , and online . BBC Radio nan Gàidheal programmes are also broadcast ( with an in-vision graphical overlay ) on the Scottish Gaelic digital television channel BBC Alba during periods when the channel is not carrying television programmes .'}]}, {'value': 'Commercial Union House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirkwall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirkwall', 'summary': 'Kirkwall ( Scots : Kirkwaa , Scottish Gaelic : Bàgh na h-Eaglaise ) is the largest town of Orkney , an archipelago to the north of mainland Scotland . The name Kirkwall comes from the Norse name Kirkjuvágr ( Church Bay ) , which later changed to Kirkvoe , Kirkwaa and Kirkwall .'}]}, {'value': 'BBC Radio Orkney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Orkney', 'summary': "BBC Radio Orkney is a local opt-out of BBC Radio Scotland for the Orkney Islands , which is based in Castle Street , Kirkwall , Orkney , in Scotland . Depending on the time of year , there are either two or three broadcasts per day on weekdays on the BBC Radio Scotland frequency : the flagship breakfast programme Around Orkney , a short lunchtime news at 12:54pm featuring local news and weather for Orkney and Shetland , and Radio Orkney 's Evening Programme ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC Shetland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lerwick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lerwick', 'summary': "Lerwick ( /ˈlɜːrwɪk/ ; Norwegian and Norn : Leirvik ) is the main town and port of the Shetland Islands , Scotland . Shetland 's only burgh , Lerwick had a population of about 7,000 residents in 2010 . Centred 123 miles ( 200 km ) off the north coast of the Scottish mainland and on the east coast of the Shetland Mainland , Lerwick lies 211 miles ( 340 km ) north-by-northeast of Aberdeen ; 222 miles ( 357 km ) west of the similarly sheltered port of Bergen in Norway ; and 228 miles ( 367 km ) south east of Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands . [ n 1 ] It is both the most northerly and easterly town in Scotland [ citation needed ] . One of the UK 's coastal weather stations is situated there ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC Radio Shetland and Network studio for BBC Radio Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Shetland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Shetland is an opt-out service of BBC Radio Scotland , covering the Shetland Islands , Scotland . The station 's studio is located in Pitt Lane , Lerwick ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}]}, {'value': 'BBC Oban', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oban', 'summary': 'Oban ( /ˈoʊbən/ ( listen ) OH-bən ; An t-Òban in Scottish Gaelic meaning The Little Bay ) is a resort town within the Argyll and Bute council area of Scotland . Despite its small size , it is the largest town between Helensburgh and Fort William . During the tourist season , the town can play host to up to 25,000 people . [ citation needed ] Oban occupies a setting in the Firth of Lorn . The bay is a near perfect horseshoe , protected by the island of Kerrera ; and beyond Kerrera , the Isle of Mull . To the north is the long low island of Lismore and the mountains of Morvern and Ardgour .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clydesdale Bank Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portree', 'summary': "Portree ( /pɔːrˈtriː/ ; Scottish Gaelic : Port Rìgh , pronounced [ pʰɔrˠʃt̪ˈɾiː ] ) is the largest town on , and capital of , the Isle of Skye in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland . It is the location for the only secondary school on the island , Portree High School . Public transport services are limited to buses . Portree has a harbour , fringed by cliffs , with a pier designed by Thomas Telford . Attractions in the town include the Aros centre which celebrates the island 's Gaelic heritage . Further arts provision is made through arts organisation ATLAS Arts , a Creative Scotland regularly-funded organisation . The town also serves as a centre for tourists exploring the island . The Royal Hotel is the site of MacNab 's Inn , the last meeting place of Flora MacDonald and Bonnie Prince Charlie in 1746 . The town plays host to the Isle of Skye 's shinty club , Skye Camanachd . They play at Pairc nan Laoch above the town on the road to Struan . Around 939 people ( 37.72% of the population ) can speak Scottish Gaelic . The A855 road leads north out of the town , passing through villages such as Achachork , Staffin and passes the rocky landscape of the Storr before reaching the landslip of the Quiraing ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBC Selkirk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selkirk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selkirk,_Scottish_Borders', 'summary': "Selkirk is a town and historic royal burgh in the Scottish Borders Council district of southeastern Scotland . It lies on the Ettrick Water , a tributary of the River Tweed . The people of the town are known as Souters , which means cobblers ( shoe makers and menders ) . At the time of the 2011 census , Selkirk 's population was 5,784 ."}]}, {'value': 'Network studio for BBC Radio Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cottrell Building , University of Stirling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Stirling', 'summary': "The University of Stirling is a public university in Stirling , Scotland , founded by royal charter in 1967 . It is a plate glass university located in the Central Belt of Scotland , built within the walled Airthrey Castle estate . Since its foundation , it has expanded to four faculties , a Management School , and a number of institutes and centres covering a broad range of subjects in the academic areas of arts and humanities , natural sciences , social sciences , and health sciences and sport . The university campus is approximately 360 acres ( 1.5 km2 ) in size , incorporating the Stirling University Innovation Park and the Dementia Centre . The campus , with its wildlife , loch and mixture of native and exotic flora are located in the foothills of the Ochil Hills and is often cited as among the most beautiful in the UK . In 2002 , the University of Stirling and the landscape of the Airthrey Estate was designated by the International Council on Monuments and Sites as one of the UK 's top 20 heritage sites of the 20th century . The institution also occupies buildings in the city of Stirling . The university attracts students from a wide range of backgrounds , with more than 14,000 part-time and full-time students enrolled in the 2016/17 academic year . Stirling has international degree programme partnerships in China with Hebei Normal University , Singapore with Singapore Institute of Management , Oman and Vietnam ."}]}, {'value': 'Stirling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stirling', 'summary': "Stirling ( /ˈstɜːrlɪŋ/ ; Scots : Stirlin ; Scottish Gaelic : Sruighlea [ ˈs̪t̪ɾuʝlə ] ) is a city in central Scotland , 26 miles ( 42 km ) north-east of Glasgow and 37 miles ( 60 km ) north-west of the Scottish capital , Edinburgh . The market town , surrounded by rich farmland , grew up connecting the royal citadel , the medieval old town with its merchants and tradesmen , the bridge and the port . Located on the River Forth , Stirling is the administrative centre for the Stirling council area , and is traditionally the county town of Stirlingshire . Proverbially it is the strategically important Gateway to the Highlands . It has been said that Stirling , like a huge brooch clasps Highlands and Lowlands together . Similarly he who holds Stirling , holds Scotland is often quoted . Stirling 's key position as the lowest bridging point of the River Forth before it broadens towards the Firth of Forth made it a focal point for travel north or south . When Stirling was temporarily under Anglo-Saxon sway , according to a 9th-century legend , it was attacked by Danish invaders . The sound of a wolf roused a sentry , however , who alerted his garrison , which forced a Viking retreat . This led to the wolf being adopted as a symbol of the town as is shown on the 1511 Stirling Jug . The area is today known as Wolfcraig . Even today the wolf appears with a goshawk on the council 's coat of arms along with the recently chosen motto : Steadfast as the Rock ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosebank', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stornoway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stornoway', 'summary': "Stornoway ( /ˈstɔːrnəweɪ/ ( listen ) ; Scottish Gaelic : Steòrnabhagh ) is the main town of the Western Isles and the capital of Lewis and Harris in Scotland . The town 's population is around 8,000 , making it by far the largest town in the Hebrides , as well as the second largest island town in Scotland after Kirkwall in Orkney . The traditional civil parish of Stornoway , which includes various nearby villages , has a combined population of just over 10,000 . Stornoway is an important port and the major town and administrative centre of the Outer Hebrides . It is home to Comhairle nan Eilean Siar ( the Western Isles Council ) and a variety of educational , sporting and media establishments . Until relatively recently , observance of the Christian Sabbath ( Sunday ) has been associated with hebridean culture . Recent changes mean that Sundays on Lewis now more closely resemble those on the other Western Isles or on mainland Scotland ."}]}, {'value': 'Network Studio for BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gàidheal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland', 'summary': "BBC Radio Scotland is BBC Scotland 's national English-language radio network . It broadcasts a wide variety of programmes . It replaced the Scottish BBC Radio 4 opt-out service of the same name from 23 November 1978 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_Gàidheal', 'summary': 'BBC Radio nan Gàidheal is a Scottish radio station , broadcasting in Scottish Gaelic . It is operated by the BBC as part of its portfolio of television and radio services in Scotland . The station is available from FM transmitters throughout Scotland : its service licence states that BBC Radio nan Gàidheal should be available every day for general reception across Scotland on FM ; it can also be heard on digital television platforms , DAB Digital Radio , and online . BBC Radio nan Gàidheal programmes are also broadcast ( with an in-vision graphical overlay ) on the Scottish Gaelic digital television channel BBC Alba during periods when the channel is not carrying television programmes .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current properties -- Scotland', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_BBC_properties_3', 'intro': 'The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) occupies many properties in the United Kingdom, and occupied many other in previous years. The headquarters of the corporation is Broadcasting House in London; with many other divisions located in London and around the UK. Since 2007 the BBC has been developing a significant base at MediaCityUK in Salford, to which it has relocated several departments. There are also production bases in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff and Glasgow. The BBC also owns news bureaux and relay stations outside the UK.'}
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What is the name of the property whose location has two universities ?
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BBC Dundee
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ff8a036774a584c7
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_game_consoles', 'title': 'List of best-selling game consoles', 'header': ['Platform', 'Firm', 'Released', 'Units sold'], 'data': [{'value': 'PlayStation 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_2', 'summary': "The PlayStation 2 ( officially branded as PS2 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released in Japan on March 4 , 2000 , in North America on October 26 , 2000 , and in Europe and Australia on November 24 , 2000 , and is the successor to the original PlayStation , as well as the second installment in the PlayStation console line-up . A sixth-generation console , it competed with Sega 's Dreamcast , Nintendo 's GameCube , and Microsoft 's original Xbox . Announced in 1999 , the PS2 offered backward-compatibility for its predecessor 's DualShock controller , as well as its games . The PS2 is the best-selling video game console of all time , having sold over 155 million units worldwide , as confirmed by Sony . Over 3,800 game titles have been released for the PS2 , with over 1.5 billion copies sold . Sony later manufactured several smaller , lighter revisions of the console known as Slimline models in 2004 . Even with the release of its successor , the PlayStation 3 , the PS2 remained popular well into the seventh generation , and continued to be produced until 2013 , when Sony finally announced it had been discontinued after twelve years of production - one of the longest lifespans of a video game console . Despite the announcement , new games for the console continued to be produced until the end of 2013 , including Final Fantasy XI : Seekers of Adoulin for Japan , FIFA 13 for North America , and Pro Evolution Soccer 2014 for Europe . Repair services for the system in Japan ended on September 7 , 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sony', 'summary': "Sony Corporation ( ソニー株式会社 , Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha , /ˈsoʊni/ SOH-nee , commonly known as Sony and stylized as SONY ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan , Minato , Tokyo . Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics , gaming , entertainment and financial services . The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world , the largest video game console business and one of the largest video game publishing businesses , and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets , and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry . [ better source needed ] Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list . Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group ( ソニー・グループ , Sonī Gurūpu ) , which is engaged in business through its four operating components : electronics ( AV , IT & communication products , semiconductors , video games , network services and medical business ) , motion pictures ( movies and TV shows ) , music ( record labels and music publishing ) and financial services ( banking and insurance ) . These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world . The group consists of Sony Corporation , Sony Pictures , Sony Mobile , Sony Interactive Entertainment , Sony Music , Sony Financial Holdings , and others . Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and since 2015 , the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world after Samsung Electronics , LG Electronics , TCL and Hisense . The company 's current slogan is Be Moved . Their former slogans were The One and Only ( 1979-1982 ) , It 's a Sony ( 1982-2005 ) , like.no.other ( 2005-2009 ) and make.believe ( 2009-2013 ) . Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group ( SMFG ) corporate group , the successor to the Mitsui group ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '2000 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Deus Ex , Hitman : Codename 47 , Paper Mario , Mario Tennis , Perfect Dark , Shogun : Total War , SSX , TimeSplitters and The Sims .'}]}, {'value': '155 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_4', 'summary': "The PlayStation 4 ( officially abbreviated as PS4 ) is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment . Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013 , it was launched on November 15 in North America , November 29 in Europe , South America and Australia , and on February 22 , 2014 , in Japan . It competes with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from the more complex Cell microarchitecture of its predecessor , the console features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built upon the x86-64 architecture , which can theoretically peak at 1.84 teraflops ; AMD stated that it was the most powerful APU it had developed to date . The PlayStation 4 places an increased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services , including the ability to play games off-console on PlayStation Vita and other supported devices ( Remote Play ) , the ability to stream gameplay online or to friends , with them controlling gameplay remotely ( Share Play ) . The console 's controller was also redesigned and improved over the PlayStation 3 , with improved buttons and analog sticks , and an integrated touchpad among other changes . The console also supports HDR10 High-dynamic-range video and playback of 4K resolution multimedia . The PlayStation 4 was released to critical acclaim , with critics praising Sony for acknowledging its consumers ' needs , embracing independent game development , and for not imposing the restrictive digital rights management schemes like those originally announced by Microsoft for the Xbox One . Critics and third-party studios also praised the capabilities of the PlayStation 4 in comparison to its competitors ; developers described the performance difference between the console and Xbox One as significant and obvious . Heightened demand also helped Sony top global console sales . By the end of September 2019 , over 102 million PlayStation 4 consoles had been shipped worldwide , surpassing lifetime sales of the PlayStation 3 . On September 7 , 2016 , Sony unveiled the PlayStation 4 Slim , a smaller version of the console ; and a high-end version called the PlayStation 4 Pro , which features an upgraded GPU and a higher CPU clock rate to support enhanced performance and 4K resolution in supported games ."}]}, {'value': 'Sony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sony', 'summary': "Sony Corporation ( ソニー株式会社 , Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha , /ˈsoʊni/ SOH-nee , commonly known as Sony and stylized as SONY ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan , Minato , Tokyo . Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics , gaming , entertainment and financial services . The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world , the largest video game console business and one of the largest video game publishing businesses , and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets , and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry . [ better source needed ] Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list . Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group ( ソニー・グループ , Sonī Gurūpu ) , which is engaged in business through its four operating components : electronics ( AV , IT & communication products , semiconductors , video games , network services and medical business ) , motion pictures ( movies and TV shows ) , music ( record labels and music publishing ) and financial services ( banking and insurance ) . These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world . The group consists of Sony Corporation , Sony Pictures , Sony Mobile , Sony Interactive Entertainment , Sony Music , Sony Financial Holdings , and others . Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and since 2015 , the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world after Samsung Electronics , LG Electronics , TCL and Hisense . The company 's current slogan is Be Moved . Their former slogans were The One and Only ( 1979-1982 ) , It 's a Sony ( 1982-2005 ) , like.no.other ( 2005-2009 ) and make.believe ( 2009-2013 ) . Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group ( SMFG ) corporate group , the successor to the Mitsui group ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "Numerous games were released in 2013 , including new installments for well-received franchises , such as Ace Attorney , Army of Two , Assassin 's Creed , Batman : Arkham , Battlefield , BioShock , Call of Duty , Crysis , Dead Rising , Dead Space , Devil May Cry , Final Fantasy , Fire Emblem , Forza Motorsport , God of War , Gears of War , Gran Turismo , Grand Theft Auto , Killer Instinct , Killzone , Lost Planet , Luigi 's Mansion , Mario Party , Metal Gear , Metro , Need for Speed , Pokémon , Rayman , Pikmin , Saints Row , SimCity , Sly Cooper , Sonic The Hedgehog , StarCraft , Super Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Tom Clancy 's Splinter Cell , Tomb Raider , Total War and Zoo Tycoon . In addition , it saw the release of many new intellectual properties , such as Beyond : Two Souls , Papers , Please , Tearaway , The Wonderful 101 and The Last of Us . Many awards went to games such as BioShock Infinite , Grand Theft Auto V , The Last of Us and The Legend of Zelda : A Link Between Worlds . New video game consoles were also released in 2013 with the PlayStation 4 from Sony Computer Entertainment and the Xbox One from Microsoft ."}]}, {'value': '108.9 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_(console)', 'summary': "The PlayStation [ a ] ( officially abbreviated as PS and commonly known as the PS1 or its codename PSX ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It was first released on 3 December 1994 in Japan , on 9 September 1995 in North America , on 29 September 1995 in Europe , and on 15 November 1995 in Australia , and was the first of the PlayStation lineup of video game consoles . As a fifth generation console , the PlayStation primarily competed with the Nintendo 64 and the Sega Saturn . The PlayStation was the first computer entertainment platform to ship over 100 million units , which it had reached nine years after its initial launch . In July 2000 , a redesigned , slim version called the PS one was released , replacing the original grey console and named appropriately to avoid confusion with its successor , the PlayStation 2 . The PlayStation 2 , which is backwards compatible with the PlayStation 's DualShock controller and games , was announced in 1999 and launched in 2000 . The last PS one units were sold in late 2006 to early 2007 shortly after it was officially discontinued , for a total of 102 million units shipped since its launch eleven years earlier . Games for the PlayStation continued to sell until Sony ceased production of both the PlayStation and PlayStation games on 23 March 2006 - over eleven years after it had been released , and less than a year before the debut of the PlayStation 3 . On 19 September 2018 , Sony unveiled the PlayStation Classic to mark the 24th anniversary of the original console . The new console is a miniature recreation of the original PlayStation , preloaded with 20 titles released on the original console , and was released on 3 December 2018 , the exact date the console was released in Japan in 1994 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sony', 'summary': "Sony Corporation ( ソニー株式会社 , Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha , /ˈsoʊni/ SOH-nee , commonly known as Sony and stylized as SONY ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan , Minato , Tokyo . Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics , gaming , entertainment and financial services . The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world , the largest video game console business and one of the largest video game publishing businesses , and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets , and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry . [ better source needed ] Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list . Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group ( ソニー・グループ , Sonī Gurūpu ) , which is engaged in business through its four operating components : electronics ( AV , IT & communication products , semiconductors , video games , network services and medical business ) , motion pictures ( movies and TV shows ) , music ( record labels and music publishing ) and financial services ( banking and insurance ) . These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world . The group consists of Sony Corporation , Sony Pictures , Sony Mobile , Sony Interactive Entertainment , Sony Music , Sony Financial Holdings , and others . Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and since 2015 , the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world after Samsung Electronics , LG Electronics , TCL and Hisense . The company 's current slogan is Be Moved . Their former slogans were The One and Only ( 1979-1982 ) , It 's a Sony ( 1982-2005 ) , like.no.other ( 2005-2009 ) and make.believe ( 2009-2013 ) . Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group ( SMFG ) corporate group , the successor to the Mitsui group ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1994 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Super Metroid , Donkey Kong Country and Sonic & Knuckles .'}]}, {'value': '102.49 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wii', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wii', 'summary': "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '2006 saw the release of several sequels and prequels in video games , prominently including New Super Mario Bros , alongside many prominent new releases including Bully , Company of Heroes , Dead Rising , Gears of War , Just Cause , Lost Planet : Extreme Condition , Prey , Resistance : Fall of Man , Saints Row and Thrillville .'}]}, {'value': '101.63 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PlayStation 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PlayStation_3', 'summary': "The PlayStation 3 ( officially abbreviated as PS3 ) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment . It is the successor to PlayStation 2 , and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles . It was first released on November 11 , 2006 in Japan , November 17 , 2006 in North America , and March 23 , 2007 in Europe and Australia . The PlayStation 3 competed primarily against Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . The console was first officially announced at E3 2005 , and was released at the end of 2006 . It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium . The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services , including the PlayStation Network , as well as the first to be controllable from a handheld console , through its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita . In September 2009 , the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released . It no longer provided the hardware ability to run PS2 games . It was lighter and thinner than the original version , and featured a redesigned logo and marketing design , as well as a minor start-up change in software . A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012 , further refining and redesigning the console . During its early years , the system was negatively received , due to its high price ( $ 599 for a 60 gigabyte model , $ 499 for a 20 GB model ) , a complex processor architecture , and lack of quality games but was praised for its Blu-ray capabilities and untapped potential ."}]}, {'value': 'Sony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sony', 'summary': "Sony Corporation ( ソニー株式会社 , Sonī Kabushiki Kaisha , /ˈsoʊni/ SOH-nee , commonly known as Sony and stylized as SONY ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan , Minato , Tokyo . Its diversified business includes consumer and professional electronics , gaming , entertainment and financial services . The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world , the largest video game console business and one of the largest video game publishing businesses , and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets , and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry . [ better source needed ] Sony was ranked 97th on the 2018 Fortune Global 500 list . Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group ( ソニー・グループ , Sonī Gurūpu ) , which is engaged in business through its four operating components : electronics ( AV , IT & communication products , semiconductors , video games , network services and medical business ) , motion pictures ( movies and TV shows ) , music ( record labels and music publishing ) and financial services ( banking and insurance ) . These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world . The group consists of Sony Corporation , Sony Pictures , Sony Mobile , Sony Interactive Entertainment , Sony Music , Sony Financial Holdings , and others . Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and since 2015 , the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world after Samsung Electronics , LG Electronics , TCL and Hisense . The company 's current slogan is Be Moved . Their former slogans were The One and Only ( 1979-1982 ) , It 's a Sony ( 1982-2005 ) , like.no.other ( 2005-2009 ) and make.believe ( 2009-2013 ) . Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group ( SMFG ) corporate group , the successor to the Mitsui group ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '2006 saw the release of several sequels and prequels in video games , prominently including New Super Mario Bros , alongside many prominent new releases including Bully , Company of Heroes , Dead Rising , Gears of War , Just Cause , Lost Planet : Extreme Condition , Prey , Resistance : Fall of Man , Saints Row and Thrillville .'}]}, {'value': '87.4 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox 360', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_360', 'summary': "The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft . As the successor to the original Xbox , it is the second console in the Xbox series . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo 's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles . It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12 , 2005 , with detailed launch and game information announced later that month at the 2005 Electronic Entertainment Expo . The Xbox 360 features an online service , Xbox Live , which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console 's lifetime . Available in free and subscription-based varieties , Xbox Live allows users to : play games online ; download games ( through Xbox Live Arcade ) and game demos ; purchase and stream music , television programs , and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals ; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications . In addition to online multimedia features , it allows users to stream media from local PCs . Several peripherals have been released , including wireless controllers , expanded hard drive storage , and the Kinect motion sensing camera . The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia , turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment . Launched worldwide across 2005-2006 , the Xbox 360 was initially in short supply in many regions , including North America and Europe . The earliest versions of the console suffered from a high failure rate , indicated by the so-called Red Ring of Death , necessitating an extension of the device 's warranty period . Microsoft released two redesigned models of the console : the Xbox 360 S in 2010 , and the Xbox 360 E in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Microsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft', 'summary': "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond , Washington . It develops , manufactures , licenses , supports , and sells computer software , consumer electronics , personal computers , and related services . Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems , the Microsoft Office suite , and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest software maker by revenue ( currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue ) . The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software . Microsoft is ranked No . 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4 , 1975 , to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 . It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s , followed by Microsoft Windows . The company 's 1986 initial public offering ( IPO ) , and subsequent rise in its share price , created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees . Since the 1990s , it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions , their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $ 26.2 billion in December 2016 , followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $ 8.5 billion in May 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '2005 saw the release of many sequels and prequels in video games , such as Brothers in Arms : Road to Hill 30 , Mario Kart DS , Mario & Luigi : Partners in Time and Need for Speed : Most Wanted , alongside several prominent new releases including F.E.A.R. , Forza Motorsport , God of War , Guitar Hero , Shadow of the Colossus , and Sniper Elite .'}]}, {'value': '84 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nintendo Entertainment System', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System', 'summary': "The Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced , released , and marketed by Nintendo . It is a remodelled export version of the company 's Family Computer [ a ] ( FC ) platform in Japan , commonly known as the Famicom [ b ] , which was launched on July 15 , 1983 . The NES was launched in a test market of New York City on October 18 , 1985 , followed by Los Angeles as a second test market in February 1986 , followed by Chicago and San Francisco , then other top 12 American markets , followed by a full launch across North America and some countries in Europe in September 1986 , followed by Australia and other countries in Europe in 1987 . Brazil saw only unlicensed clones until the official local release in 1993 . The console 's South Korean release was packaged as the Hyundai Comboy [ c ] and distributed by Hyundai Electronics ( now SK Hynix ) . As one of the best-selling gaming consoles of its time , the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983 . With the NES , Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers , authorizing them to produce and distribute games for Nintendo 's platform . It had been preceded by Nintendo 's first home video game console , the Color TV-Game , and was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1983 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Mario Bros. , Pole Position II and Spy Hunter .'}]}, {'value': '61.91 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nintendo Switch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_Switch', 'summary': "The Nintendo Switch [ b ] is a video game console developed by Nintendo , released worldwide in most regions on March 3 , 2017 . [ c ] It is a hybrid console that can be used as a home console and portable device . Its wireless Joy-Con controllers , with standard buttons and directional analog sticks for user input , motion sensing , and tactile feedback , can attach to both sides of the console to support handheld-style play . They can also connect to a Grip accessory to provide a traditional home console gamepad form , or be used individually in the hand like the Wii Remote and Nunchuk , supporting local multiplayer modes . The Nintendo Switch 's software supports online gaming through Internet connectivity , as well as local wireless ad hoc connectivity with other consoles . Nintendo Switch games and software are available on both physical flash-based ROM cartridges and digital distribution via Nintendo eShop ; the system has no region lockout . A handheld-focused revision of the system called the Nintendo Switch Lite , was released on September 20 , 2019 . The Nintendo Switch was unveiled in October 2016 . Known in development by its codename NX , the concept of the Switch came about as Nintendo 's reaction to several quarters of financial losses into 2014 , attributed to poor sales of its previous console , the Wii U , and market competition from mobile gaming . Nintendo 's then-president Satoru Iwata pushed the company towards mobile gaming and novel hardware . The Nintendo Switch 's design is aimed at a wide demographic of video game players through the multiple modes of use . Nintendo opted to use more standard electronic components , such as a chipset based on Nvidia 's Tegra line , to make development for the console easier for programmers and more compatible with existing game engines ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "2017 saw the release of numerous video games as well as other developments in the video game industry . The Nintendo Switch console was released in 2017 , which sold more than 14 million units by the end of 2017 , exceeding the underperforming Wii U lifetime sales , and helped to revitalize Nintendo , alongside the retro Super NES Classic Edition console , the refreshed New Nintendo 2DS XL handheld , and a strategy for mobile gaming . Microsoft also released the higher-powered Xbox One X targeted for 4K resolutions and virtual reality support . Top-rated games in 2017 included The Legend of Zelda : Breath of the Wild , Super Mario Odyssey , Persona 5 , Divinity : Original Sin II , and Horizon Zero Dawn . One of the most influential games of 2017 was PlayerUnknown 's Battlegrounds , which was released in early access for personal computers in March 2017 and by the end of the year had sold 30 million units , breaking several concurrent player count records and established the battle royale genre . The highest-grossing game of the year was the mobile game Honor of Kings , known as Arena of Valor internationally . Considerable debate was held over the use of loot boxes in video games and whether they constituted gambling , coming to a head with the release of Star Wars Battlefront II ."}]}, {'value': '52.48 million ( including Switch Lite )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Super Nintendo Entertainment System', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System', 'summary': "The Super Nintendo Entertainment System ( SNES ) , [ b ] also known as the Super NES [ c ] or Super Nintendo , [ d ] is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea , [ citation needed ] 1991 in North America , 1992 in Europe and Australasia ( Oceania ) , and 1993 in South America . In Japan , the system is called the Super Famicom ( SFC ) . [ e ] In South Korea , it is known as the Super Comboy [ f ] and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics . The system was released in Brazil on August 30 , 1993 , by Playtronic . Although each version is essentially the same , several forms of regional lockout prevent the different cartridges from being compatible with one another . The SNES is Nintendo 's second programmable home console , following the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time . The system was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated in game cartridges to be competitive into the next generation . The SNES was a global success , becoming the best-selling console of the 16-bit era after launching relatively late and facing intense competition from Sega 's Genesis console in North America and Europe . Overlapping the NES 's 61.9 million unit sales , the SNES remained popular well into the 32-bit era , with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003 . It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers , with new homebrew games and Nintendo 's emulated rereleases , such as on the Virtual Console , the Super NES Classic Edition , and Nintendo Switch Online ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1990 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Metal Gear 2 : Solid Snake , Fire Emblem : Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light , Dr. Mario , and Super Mario World .'}]}, {'value': '49.10 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_One', 'summary': "The Xbox One is an eighth-generation home video game console developed by Microsoft . Announced in May 2013 , it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox series of video game consoles . It was first released in North America , parts of Europe , Australia , and South America in November 2013 , and in Japan , China , and other European countries in September 2014 . It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China , specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone . Microsoft marketed the device as an all-in-one entertainment system , hence the name 'Xbox One ' . The Xbox One mainly competes against Sony 's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo 's Wii U and Switch . Moving away from its predecessor 's PowerPC-based architecture , the Xbox One marks a shift back to the x86 architecture used in the original Xbox ; it features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit ( APU ) built around the x86-64 instruction set . Xbox One 's controller was redesigned over the Xbox 360 's , with a redesigned body , D-pad , and triggers capable of delivering directional haptic feedback . The console places an increased emphasis on cloud computing , as well as social networking features , and the ability to record and share video clips or screenshots from gameplay , or live-stream directly to streaming services such as Mixer and Twitch . Games can also be played off-console via a local area network on supported Windows 10 devices . The console can play Blu-ray Disc , and overlay live television programming from an existing set-top box or a digital tuner for digital terrestrial television with an enhanced program guide . The console optionally included a redesigned Kinect sensor , marketed as the Kinect 2.0 , providing improved motion tracking and voice recognition ."}]}, {'value': 'Microsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft', 'summary': "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond , Washington . It develops , manufactures , licenses , supports , and sells computer software , consumer electronics , personal computers , and related services . Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems , the Microsoft Office suite , and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest software maker by revenue ( currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue ) . The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software . Microsoft is ranked No . 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4 , 1975 , to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 . It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s , followed by Microsoft Windows . The company 's 1986 initial public offering ( IPO ) , and subsequent rise in its share price , created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees . Since the 1990s , it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions , their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $ 26.2 billion in December 2016 , followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $ 8.5 billion in May 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "Numerous games were released in 2013 , including new installments for well-received franchises , such as Ace Attorney , Army of Two , Assassin 's Creed , Batman : Arkham , Battlefield , BioShock , Call of Duty , Crysis , Dead Rising , Dead Space , Devil May Cry , Final Fantasy , Fire Emblem , Forza Motorsport , God of War , Gears of War , Gran Turismo , Grand Theft Auto , Killer Instinct , Killzone , Lost Planet , Luigi 's Mansion , Mario Party , Metal Gear , Metro , Need for Speed , Pokémon , Rayman , Pikmin , Saints Row , SimCity , Sly Cooper , Sonic The Hedgehog , StarCraft , Super Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Tom Clancy 's Splinter Cell , Tomb Raider , Total War and Zoo Tycoon . In addition , it saw the release of many new intellectual properties , such as Beyond : Two Souls , Papers , Please , Tearaway , The Wonderful 101 and The Last of Us . Many awards went to games such as BioShock Infinite , Grand Theft Auto V , The Last of Us and The Legend of Zelda : A Link Between Worlds . New video game consoles were also released in 2013 with the PlayStation 4 from Sony Computer Entertainment and the Xbox One from Microsoft ."}]}, {'value': '46.9 million ( estimate )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sega Genesis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega_Genesis', 'summary': "The Sega Genesis , known as the Mega Drive [ b ] outside North America , is a 16-bit home video game console developed and sold by Sega . The Genesis is Sega 's third console and the successor to the Master System . Sega released it as the Mega Drive in Japan in 1988 , and later as the Genesis in North America in 1989 . In 1990 , it was distributed as the Mega Drive by Virgin Mastertronic in Europe , Ozisoft in Australasia , and Tec Toy in Brazil . In South Korea , it was distributed by Samsung as the Super Gam*Boy and later the Super Aladdin Boy . [ c ] Designed by an R & D team supervised by Hideki Sato and Masami Ishikawa , the Genesis was adapted from Sega 's System 16 arcade board , centered on a Motorola 68000 processor as the CPU , a Zilog Z80 as a sound controller , and a video system supporting hardware sprites , tiles , and scrolling . It plays a library of more than 900 games created by Sega and a wide array of third-party publishers delivered on ROM-based cartridges . Several add-ons were released , including a Power Base Converter to play Master System games . It was released in several different versions , some created by third parties . Sega created two network services to support the Genesis : Sega Meganet and Sega Channel . In Japan , the Mega Drive fared poorly against its two main competitors , Nintendo 's Super Famicom and NEC 's PC Engine ( aka TurboGrafx-\u206016 ) , but it achieved considerable success in North America , Brazil , and Europe . Contributing to its success were its library of arcade game ports , the popularity of Sega 's Sonic the Hedgehog series , several popular sports franchises , and aggressive youth marketing that positioned the system as the cool console for adolescents ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1988 saw many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Super Contra , Super Mario Bros 2 , Assault , Altered Beast , Mega Man 2 , Double Dragon II : The Revenge , and Super Mario Bros 3'}]}, {'value': '35 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nintendo 64', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo_64', 'summary': 'The Nintendo 64 [ a ] ( officially abbreviated as N64 , hardware model number pre-term : NUS , stylized as NINTENDO64 ) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo . Named for its 64-bit central processing unit , it was released in June 1996 in Japan , September 1996 in North America , and March 1997 in Europe and Australia . It was the last major home console to use the cartridge as its primary storage format until the Nintendo Switch in 2017 . The Nintendo 64 was discontinued in mid 2002 following the launch of its successor , the GameCube , in 2001 . Codenamed Project Reality , the Nintendo 64 design was mostly complete by mid-1995 , but its launch was delayed until 1996 , when Time named it Machine of the Year . It was launched with three games : Super Mario 64 , Pilotwings 64 ( worldwide ) and Saikyō Habu Shōgi ( exclusive to Japan ) . As part of the fifth generation of gaming , the system competed primarily with the PlayStation and the Sega Saturn . The suggested retail price at its United States launch was US $ 199.99 , and 32.93 million units were sold worldwide . In 2015 , IGN named it the ninth-greatest video game console of all time .'}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1996 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Blazing Heroes , Super Mario 64 , NiGHTS into Dreams. , Crash Bandicoot , Resident Evil , Dead or Alive , Duke Nukem 3D and Tomb Raider .'}]}, {'value': '32.93 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atari 2600', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atari_2600', 'summary': "The Atari 2600 , originally branded as the Atari Video Computer System or Atari VCS for short until November 1982 , is a home video game console from Atari , Inc . Released on September 11 , 1977 , it is credited with popularizing the use of microprocessor-based hardware and games stored on ROM cartridges ( a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F in 1976 ) instead of dedicated hardware with games physically built into the unit . The 2600 was bundled with two joystick controllers , a conjoined pair of paddle controllers , and a game cartridge : initially Combat , and later Pac-Man . The Atari VCS launched with nine simple , low-resolution games in 2 KiB cartridges . The system found its killer app with its version of Taito 's Space Invaders in 1980 and became widely successful , leading to the creation of Activision and other third-party game developers as well as competition from home console manufacturers Mattel and Coleco . By the end of its primary lifecycle in 1983-84 , games for the 2600 were using more than four times the ROM of the launch titles with significantly more advanced visuals and gameplay than the system was designed for , such as Pitfall ! and its scrolling sequel Pitfall II : Lost Caverns . Atari invested heavily in two games for the 2600 , Pac-Man and E.T . the Extra-Terrestrial , that became commercial failures and contributed to the video game crash of 1983 which ended the market relevance of the 2600 . Warner sold off the home console division of Atari to Commodore CEO Jack Tramiel . In 1986 , the new Atari Corporation under Tramiel released a lower-cost version of the 2600 and the backwards-compatible Atari 7800 , but these were not enough to turn things around , and ultimately it was Nintendo that led the recovery of the industry . Atari finally ended production of the Atari 2600 on January 1 , 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Atari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atari', 'summary': "Atari ( /əˈtɑːri/ ) is a brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972 , currently by Atari Interactive , a subsidiary of the French publisher Atari , SA . The original Atari , Inc. , founded in Sunnyvale , California in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney , was a pioneer in arcade games , home video game consoles , and home computers . The company 's products , such as Pong and the Atari 2600 , helped define the electronic entertainment industry from the 1970s to the mid-1980s . In 1984 , as a result of the video game crash of 1983 , the original Atari Inc. was split , and the arcade division was turned into Atari Games Inc. Atari Games received the rights to use the logo and brand name with appended text Games on arcade games , as well as rights to the original 1972-1984 arcade hardware properties . The Atari Consumer Electronics Division properties were in turn sold to Jack Tramiel 's Tramel Technology Ltd. , which then renamed itself to Atari Corporation . In 1996 , Atari Corporation reverse-merged with disk-drive manufacturer JT Storage ( JTS ) , becoming a division within the company . In 1998 , Hasbro Interactive acquired all Atari Corporation related properties from JTS , creating a new subsidiary , Atari Interactive . Infogrames Entertainment ( IESA ) bought Hasbro Interactive in 2001 and renamed it Infogrames Interactive , which intermittently published Atari branded titles . In 2003 , it renamed the division Atari Interactive . Another IESA division , Infogrames Inc. ( formerly GT Interactive ) , changed its name to Atari Inc. the same year , licensing the Atari name and logo from its fellow subsidiary . In 2008 , IESA completed its acquisition of Atari , Inc. 's outstanding stock , making it a wholly owned subsidiary . IESA renamed itself Atari , SA in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1977_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1977 has several new titles such as Space Wars .'}]}, {'value': '30 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Xbox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xbox_(console)', 'summary': "The Xbox is a home video game console and the first installment in the Xbox series of video game consoles manufactured by Microsoft . It was released as Microsoft 's first foray into the gaming console market on November 15 , 2001 , in North America , followed by Australia , Europe and Japan in 2002 . It is classified as a sixth generation console , competing with Sony 's PlayStation 2 and Nintendo 's GameCube . It was also the first major console produced by an American company since the Atari Jaguar ceased production in 1996 . Announced in 2000 , the Xbox was graphically powerful compared to its rivals , featuring a 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor , a processor that could be found on a standard PC . It was also noted for its PC-like size and weight , and was the first console to feature a built-in hard disk . In November 2002 , Microsoft launched Xbox Live , a fee-based online gaming service that enabled subscribers to download new content and connect with other players through a broadband connection . Unlike online services from Sega and Sony , Xbox Live had support in the original console design through an integrated Ethernet port . The service gave Microsoft an early foothold in online gaming and would help the Xbox become a competitor in the sixth-generation of consoles . The popularity of blockbuster titles such as Bungie 's Halo 2 contributed to the popularity of online console gaming , and in particular first-person shooters . The Xbox had a record-breaking launch in North America , selling 1.5 million units before the end of 2001 , aided by the popularity of one of the system 's launch titles , Halo : Combat Evolved , which sold a million units by April 2002 . The system went on to sell a worldwide total of 24 million units , including 16 million in North America ; however , Microsoft was unable to make a steady profit off of the console , which had a manufacturing price far more expensive than its retail price , despite its popularity , losing over $ 4 billion during its market life ."}]}, {'value': 'Microsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft', 'summary': "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond , Washington . It develops , manufactures , licenses , supports , and sells computer software , consumer electronics , personal computers , and related services . Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems , the Microsoft Office suite , and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest software maker by revenue ( currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue ) . The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software . Microsoft is ranked No . 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4 , 1975 , to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 . It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s , followed by Microsoft Windows . The company 's 1986 initial public offering ( IPO ) , and subsequent rise in its share price , created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees . Since the 1990s , it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions , their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $ 26.2 billion in December 2016 , followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $ 8.5 billion in May 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "2001 saw many sequels and prequels in video games . New intellectual properties include Animal Crossing , Burnout , Devil May Cry , Oni , Halo : Combat Evolved , Jak and Daxter : The Precursor Legacy , Max Payne , Operation Flashpoint : Cold War Crisis , Pikmin , Red Faction , Serious Sam , Tom Clancy 's Ghost Recon and Tropico"}]}, {'value': '24 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GameCube', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GameCube', 'summary': "The Nintendo GameCube [ b ] [ c ] ( commonly abbreviated as GameCube ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo in Japan and North America in 2001 and in the PAL territories in 2002 . The sixth-generation console is the successor to the Nintendo 64 . It competed with Sony 's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft 's original Xbox . The GameCube is the first Nintendo console to use optical discs as its primary storage medium . The discs are in the miniDVD format and the system was not designed to play full-sized DVDs or audio CDs , unlike its competitors , and focused on gaming instead . The console supports limited online gaming for a small number of games via a GameCube broadband or modem adapter and can connect to a Game Boy Advance with a link cable , which allows players to access exclusive in-game features using the handheld as a second screen and controller . The GameCube uses composite video cables to display games on the television ; however , there are differences in the two GameCube models . The models produced before May 2004 also have the ability to use digital component AV cables and progressive scan and a second serial port . The nameplate on the top of the console with the words Nintendo GameCube can be removed . This model is known as DOL-001 . The previously mentioned features were removed in GameCube consoles produced between 2004-2007 ; the later model was known as DOL-101 . The newer model has updated firmware that disables Action Replay cheats and cheat codes ( a newer version was developed to circumvent this ) and the disc-reading laser was improved in many ways , though it is not as durable ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "2001 saw many sequels and prequels in video games . New intellectual properties include Animal Crossing , Burnout , Devil May Cry , Oni , Halo : Combat Evolved , Jak and Daxter : The Precursor Legacy , Max Payne , Operation Flashpoint : Cold War Crisis , Pikmin , Red Faction , Serious Sam , Tom Clancy 's Ghost Recon and Tropico"}]}, {'value': '21.74 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wii U', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wii_U', 'summary': "The Wii U ( /ˌwiː ˈjuː/ WEE YOO ) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo as the successor to the Wii . Released in late 2012 , it is the first eighth-generation video game console and competed with Microsoft 's Xbox One and Sony 's PlayStation 4 . The Wii U is the first Nintendo console to support HD graphics . The system 's primary controller is the Wii U GamePad , which features an embedded touchscreen , directional buttons , analog sticks , and action buttons . The screen can be used either as a supplement to the main display or in supported games to play the game directly on the GamePad . The Wii U Pro Controller can be used in its place as a more traditional alternative . The Wii U is backward compatible with all Wii software and accessories . Games can support any combination of the GamePad , Wii Remote , Nunchuk , Balance Board , or Nintendo 's Classic Controller or Wii U Pro Controller . Online functionality centers around the Nintendo Network platform and Miiverse , an integrated social networking service which allows users to share content in game-specific communities . The Wii U was met with a generally positive reception , which included praise for its innovative GamePad controller , improvements to online functionality over the Wii , backwards compatibility with existing Wii software and peripherals , and relative affordability . However , the Wii U was also criticized for the GamePad 's short battery life and issues with the console 's user interface and functionality . The Wii U was met with slow consumer adoption , with low sales that were primarily credited to a weak lineup of launch titles , limited third-party support , and poor marketing ."}]}, {'value': 'Nintendo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nintendo', 'summary': "Nintendo Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best-known and top-selling video game franchises of all-time , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , Animal Crossing , and Pokémon . Nintendo was founded in 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels , without major success . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo developed into a video game company in the 1970s . Supplemented since the 1980s by its major divisions Nintendo of America and Nintendo of Europe , it ultimately became one of the most influential in the video game industry and one of Japan 's most-valuable companies with a market value of over $ 37 billion in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "The year 2012 saw the release of numerous sequels to critically acclaimed video games , such as Alan Wake , Assassin 's Creed , Borderlands , Call of Duty , Counter-Strike , Darksiders , Dead or Alive , Diablo , Fable , Far Cry , Forza Motorsport , Halo , Hitman , Mario Party , Marvel vs. Capcom , Mass Effect , Max Payne , Medal of Honor , Modern Combat , Need for Speed , Ninja Gaiden , PlanetSide , Pokémon , Prototype , Resident Evil , Silent Hill , Sniper Elite , Spec Ops , Super Mario , Tekken , The Darkness , Tom Clancy 's Ghost Recon , Transformers , Trials and X-COM . In addition , it saw the release of many new intellectual properties , such as Asura 's Wrath , Dishonored , Journey , Lollipop Chainsaw and Sleeping Dogs . Many awards went to games such as Borderlands 2 , Far Cry 3 , Journey , Mass Effect 3 , The Walking Dead and XCOM : Enemy Unknown . It began with the worldwide release of Sony 's newest handheld game console , the PlayStation Vita , that was launched in Japan in December 2011 . The end of the year marked the worldwide release of the second most recent home console by Nintendo , the Wii U ."}]}, {'value': '13.56 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Master System', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_System', 'summary': "The Sega Master System ( SMS ) [ c ] is a third-generation 8-bit home video game console manufactured by Sega . It was originally a remodeled export version of the Sega Mark III , the third iteration of the SG-1000 series of consoles , which was released in Japan in 1985 and featured enhanced graphical capabilities over its predecessors . The Master System launched in North America in 1986 , followed by Europe in 1987 , and Brazil in 1989 . A Japanese version of the Master System was also launched in 1987 , which features a few enhancements over the export models ( and by proxy the original Mark III ) : a built-in FM audio chip , a rapid-fire switch , and a dedicated port for the 3D glasses . A cost-reduced model known as the Master System II was released in 1990 in North America and Europe . The original Master System models use both cartridges and a credit card-sized format known as Sega Cards . Accessories for the consoles include a light gun and 3D glasses that work with a range of specially designed games . The later Master System II redesign removed the card slot , turning it into a strictly cartridge-only system and is incompatible with the 3D glasses . The Master System was released in competition with the Nintendo Entertainment System ( NES ) . Its library is smaller and with fewer well-reviewed games than the NES , due in part to Nintendo licensing policies requiring platform exclusivity . Though the Master System had newer , improved hardware , it failed to overturn Nintendo 's significant market share advantage in Japan and North America . However , it attained significantly more success in Europe and Brazil ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1986 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Metroid , Out Run and Bubble Bobble .'}]}, {'value': '10-13 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TurboGrafx-16', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TurboGrafx-16', 'summary': 'The TurboGrafx-16 , known in Japan and France as the PC Engine , is a cartridge-based home video game console manufactured and marketed by NEC Home Electronics , and designed by Hudson Soft . It was released in Japan on October 30 , 1987 and in the United States on August 29 , 1989 . The Japanese model was imported and distributed in France in 1989 and United Kingdom and Spain received a version based on the American model known as simply TurboGrafx . It was the first console released in the 16-bit era , although it used a modified 8-bit CPU . In Japan , the system was launched as a competitor to the Famicom but the delayed United States release meant that it ended up competing with the Sega Genesis and later on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System . The TurboGrafx-16 has an 8-bit CPU , a 16-bit video color encoder , and a 16-bit video display controller . The GPUs are capable of displaying 482 colors simultaneously , out of 512 . With dimensions of just 14 cm × 14 cm × 3.8 cm ( 5.5 in × 5.5 in × 1.5 in ) , the Japanese PC Engine is the smallest major home game console ever made . Games were released on HuCard cartridges or later the CD-ROM optical format with the TurboGrafx-CD add-on . The TurboGrafx-16 failed to break into the North American market and sold poorly , which has been blamed on the delayed release and inferior marketing . Despite the 16 in its name and the marketing of the console as a 16-bit platform , it used an 8-bit CPU , a marketing tactic that was criticized by some as deceptive . Developer Doug Snook of ICOM Simulations said the team struggled with the relative low performance of the CPU .'}]}, {'value': 'NEC / Hudson Soft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NEC', 'summary': "NEC Corporation ( 日本電気株式会社 , Nippon Denki Kabushiki-gaisha ) is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics company , headquartered in Minato , Tokyo . The company was known as the Nippon Electric Company , Limited , before rebranding in 1983 as NEC . It provides IT and network solutions to business enterprises , communications services providers and to government agencies , and has also been the biggest PC vendor in Japan since the 1980s with the PC-8000 series . NEC was the world 's fourth largest PC manufacturer by 1990 . Its semiconductors business unit was the world 's largest semiconductor company from 1985 to 1992 , the second largest in 1995 , one of the top three in 2000 , and one of the top 10 in 2006 . NEC has spun off its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory . NEC was # 463 on the 2017 Fortune 500 list . NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hudson_Soft', 'summary': 'Hudson Soft Co. , Ltd ( 株式会社ハドソン , Kabushiki gaisha Hadoson ) was a Japanese video game company that released numerous games for video game consoles , home computers and mobile phones , mainly from the 1980s to the 2000s . It was headquartered in the Midtown Tower in Tokyo Midtown , Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan , with an additional office in the Hudson Building in Sapporo . Hudson Soft was founded on May 18 , 1973 . Initially , it dealt with personal computer products , but later expanded to the development and publishing of video games , mobile content , video game peripherals and music recording . Primarily a video game publisher , it internally developed many of the video games it released while outsourcing others to external companies . It is known for series such as Bomberman , Adventure Island , Bloody Roar , and Bonk . Hudson also developed video games released by other publishers such as the Mario Party series from Nintendo . Hudson Soft made the TurboGrafx-16 in association with NEC , to compete against Nintendo , Sega , and SNK , while continuing making games on other platforms , as a third-party developer . Hudson Soft ceased to exist as a company on March 1 , 2012 , and merged with Konami Digital Entertainment , which was the surviving entity . Konami owns the assets of Hudson and has since rereleased its video game back catalogue on different occasions .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1987 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as The Legend of Zelda , Contra , Street Fighter and Metal Gear .'}]}, {'value': '10 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sega Saturn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega_Saturn', 'summary': "The Sega Saturn [ a ] [ b ] is a 32-bit fifth-generation home video game console developed by Sega and released on November 22 , 1994 in Japan , May 11 , 1995 in North America , and July 8 , 1995 in Europe . The successor to the successful Sega Genesis , the Saturn has a dual-CPU architecture and eight processors . Its games are in CD-ROM format , and its game library contains several arcade ports as well as original games . Development of the Saturn began in 1992 , the same year Sega 's groundbreaking 3D Model 1 arcade hardware debuted . The system was designed around a new CPU from Japanese electronics company Hitachi . Sega added another video display processor in early 1994 to better compete with Sony 's forthcoming PlayStation . The Saturn was initially successful in Japan , but failed to sell in large numbers in the United States after its surprise May 1995 launch , four months before its scheduled release date . After the debut of the Nintendo 64 in late 1996 , the Saturn rapidly lost market share in the U.S. , where it was discontinued in 1998 . Having sold 9.26 million units worldwide , the Saturn is considered a commercial failure . The failure of Sega 's development teams to release a game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series , known in development as Sonic X-treme , has been considered a factor in the console 's poor performance . Although the Saturn is remembered for several well regarded games , including Nights into Dreams , the Panzer Dragoon series , and the Virtua Fighter series , its reputation is mixed due to its complex hardware design and limited third-party support . Sega 's management has been criticized for its decisions during the system 's development and discontinuation ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1994 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Super Metroid , Donkey Kong Country and Sonic & Knuckles .'}]}, {'value': '9.26 million', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dreamcast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dreamcast', 'summary': "The Dreamcast [ a ] is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27 , 1998 in Japan , September 9 , 1999 in North America , and October 14 , 1999 in Europe . It was the first in the sixth generation of video game consoles , preceding Sony 's PlayStation 2 , Nintendo 's GameCube and Microsoft 's Xbox . The Dreamcast was Sega 's final home console , marking the end of the company 's 18 years in the console market . In contrast to the expensive hardware of the unsuccessful Sega Saturn , the Dreamcast was designed to reduce costs with off-the-shelf components , including a Hitachi SH-4 CPU and an NEC PowerVR2 GPU . Released in Japan to a subdued reception , the Dreamcast enjoyed a successful U.S. launch backed by a large marketing campaign , but interest in the system steadily declined as Sony built hype for the upcoming PlayStation 2 . Sales did not meet Sega 's expectations despite several price cuts , and the company continued to incur significant financial losses . After a change in leadership , Sega discontinued the Dreamcast on March 31 , 2001 , withdrawing from the console business and restructuring itself as a third-party publisher . 9.13 million Dreamcast units were sold worldwide . Although the Dreamcast had a short lifespan and limited third-party support , reviewers have considered the console ahead of its time . Its library contains many games considered creative and innovative , including Crazy Taxi , Jet Set Radio and Shenmue , as well as high-quality ports from Sega 's NAOMI arcade system board . The Dreamcast was also the first console to include a built-in modem for internet support and online play ."}]}, {'value': 'Sega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sega', 'summary': "Sega Games Co. , Ltd. [ a ] is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Shinagawa , Tokyo . Its international branches , Sega of America and Sega Europe , are respectively headquartered in Irvine , California , and London . Sega 's arcade division , once part of Sega Corporation , has existed as Sega Interactive Co. , Ltd. since 2015 . Both companies are subsidiaries of Sega Holdings Co. , Ltd. , which is in turn a part of Sega Sammy Holdings . From 1983 until 2001 , Sega also developed and sold video game consoles . Sega was founded by Martin Bromley and Richard Stewart as Nihon Goraku Bussan [ b ] on June 3 , 1960 . The company became known as Sega Enterprises , Ltd. after acquiring Rosen Enterprises , an importer of coin-operated games . Sega developed its first coin-operated game with Periscope in the late 1960s . In an effort to become a publicly traded company , Sega was sold to Gulf and Western Industries in 1969 . Following a downturn in the arcade business in the early 1980s , Sega began to develop video game consoles , starting with the SG-1000 and Master System , but struggled against competitors such as the Nintendo Entertainment System . In 1984 , Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama led a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation . Sega released its next console , the Sega Genesis ( known as the Mega Drive outside North America ) , in 1988 ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1998 saw many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Half-Life , Metal Gear Solid , F-Zero X , The Legend of Zelda : Ocarina of Time , Gex : Enter the Gecko , Xenogears , Banjo-Kazooie , Spyro the Dragon and MediEvil . The year has been retrospectively considered one of the best in video gaming due to the release of several critically acclaimed , commercially successful and influential titles across all platforms and genres .'}]}, {'value': '9.13 million', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_best-selling_game_consoles_1', 'intro': "A video game console is a standardized computing device tailored for video gaming that requires a monitor or television set as an output. These self-contained pieces of electronic equipment weigh between 2 and 9 pounds (1-4 kg) on average, and their compact size allows them to be easily used in a variety of locations with an electrical outlet. Handheld controllers are commonly used as input devices. Video game consoles may use one or more storage media like hard disk drives, optical discs, and memory cards for content. Each are usually developed by a single business organization. Dedicated consoles are a subset of these devices only able to play built-in games. Video game consoles in general are also described as dedicated in distinction from the more versatile personal computer and other consumer electronics. Sanders Associates engineer Ralph H. Baer along with company employees Bill Harrison and Bill Rusch licensed their television gaming technology to contemporary major TV manufacturer Magnavox. This resulted in Magnavox Odyssey's 1972 release - the first commercially available video game console. A handheld game console is a lightweight device with a built-in screen, games controls, speakers, and has greater portability than a standard video game console. It is capable of playing multiple games unlike tabletop and handheld electronic game devices. Tabletop and handheld electronic game devices of the 1970s and 1980s are the precursors of handheld game consoles."}
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What year did repair services end in Japan for the system that was released the same year as Shogun : Total War ?
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2018
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ff8acacfd2246b3f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party_election_results', 'title': 'Independent Labour Party election results', 'header': ['Constituency', 'Candidate', 'Votes', '%', 'Position'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aberdeen North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aberdeen_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Aberdeen North is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and it elects one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . It was first used in the 1885 general election , but has undergone various boundary changes since that date . There was also an Aberdeen North Holyrood constituency , a constituency of the Scottish Parliament , created in 1999 with the boundaries of the Westminster constituency of at that time . It was abolished in 2011 by the new constituencies of Aberdeen Donside and Aberdeen Central .'}]}, {'value': 'Fraser Macintosh', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bradford East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bradford_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Bradford East is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . [ n 2 ]'}]}, {'value': 'Fred Jowett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_William_Jowett', 'summary': 'Frederick William Jowett ( 31 January 1864 - 1 February 1944 ) was a British Labour politician .'}]}, {'value': '8,983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Camborne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camborne_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Camborne was a county constituency in Cornwall which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It was created for the 1885 general election , and abolished for the 1950 general election , when it was largely replaced by the new Falmouth and Camborne . Between 1885 and 1918 its official name was The North West or Camborne Division of Cornwall , and it was sometimes referred to simply as North West Cornwall .'}]}, {'value': 'Kate Spurrell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kate_Spurrell', 'summary': "Kate Florence Spurrell ( March 1886 - c.1968 ) was a British trade unionist and socialist activist . Born in Devonport , Devon , England , Spurrell became a schoolteacher in Plymouth and joined the Liberal Party and the National Union of Teachers ( NUT ) . In 1918 , she left the Liberals and joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . She was elected to the executive of the NUT , and served as its president in 1922 . The ILP was affiliated to the Labour Party , and at the 1924 general election , Spurrell stood in Totnes for Labour , but took only 6.1% of the vote . She was again selected in 1929 , when she increased her vote share to 12.9% . That year , she was elected to the ILP 's National Administrative Council ( NAC ) , representing South West England . For the 1931 general election , Spurrell was selected by the Camborne Constituency Labour Party as their candidate . She was supported by the ILP , but the Labour Party 's national executive refused to back her . Despite this , she took 24.5% of the vote and a strong third place . She stood again at the 1935 general election , but was on this occasion opposed by an official Labour Party candidate , and took only 1.9% of the vote . Spurrell lost her seat on the ILP 's NAC in 1938 , but remained active in the party into the 1950s ."}]}, {'value': '592', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chorley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chorley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Chorley is a constituency [ n 1 ] [ n 2 ] in Lancashire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Lindsay Hoyle . Hoyle was originally elected for the Labour Party , but in 2019 became the Speaker , making him unaffiliated .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Edwards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(politician)', 'summary': 'Robert Edwards ( 16 January 1905 - 4 June 1990 ) , usually known as Bob Edwards , was a British trade unionist and an Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) and Labour Co-operative politician . He was a Member of Parliament ( MP ) from 1955 to 1987 .'}]}, {'value': '1,365', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clackmannan_and_Eastern_Stirlingshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire was a parliamentary constituency in the Clackmannan area of Central Scotland . It returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , elected by the first past the post system . The constituency was created for the 1918 general election , and abolished for the 1983 general election , when it was replaced by the new Clackmannan constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'David Gibson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Gibson_(UK_politician)', 'summary': "David Gibson was a Scottish socialist politician . Gibson joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) and at the 1935 general election was its candidate in Stirling East and Clackmannan . He was elected to Glasgow City Council , and he stood unsuccessfully in the 1947 Liverpool Edge Hill by-election . In 1948 , Gibson succeeded Robert Edwards as chairman of the ILP . As chairman , he focussed on opposing war , and feared that the North Atlantic Treaty would lead to a Third World War . Gibson was succeeded as chairman by Fred Barton in 1951 , and focussed on his role as chair of the Glasgow Corporation 's Housing sub-Committee on Sites and Buildings , working to build council housing in the city as rapidly as possible . At the 1951 general election , Gibson was selected as the party 's candidate for Glasgow Shettleston , but he withdrew shortly before the election , to the disappointment of the party . In 1953 , he resigned from the ILP and joined the Labour Party . By 1961 , Gibson was the baillie - most senior magistrate - of Glasgow and was active in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament ."}]}, {'value': '1,513', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow Bridgeton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Bridgeton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Bridgeton was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Glasgow . From 1885 to 1974 , it returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , elected by the first-past-the-post voting system . For many years it was represented by James Maxton , the leader of the Independent Labour Party whose policies were to the left of the Labour Party .'}]}, {'value': 'James Maxton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Maxton', 'summary': 'James Maxton ( 22 June 1885 - 23 July 1946 ) was a British left-wing politician , and leader of the far-left faction of the Independent Labour Party . He was a pacifist who opposed both world wars . A prominent proponent of Home Rule for Scotland , he is remembered as one of the leading figures of the Red Clydeside era . He broke with Ramsay MacDonald and the second minority Labour government , and became one of its most bitter critics . As the leader of the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) , he disaffiliated the ILP from the mainstream party in 1932 . After that he was a marginal independent figure on the far left-wing .'}]}, {'value': '17,691', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow Camlachie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Camlachie_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Camlachie was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1955 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system .'}]}, {'value': 'Campbell Stephen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campbell_Stephen', 'summary': "Reverend Campbell Stephen ( 1884 - 25 October 1947 ) was a Scottish socialist politician . A native of Glasgow , he was educated at Townhead Public School , Allan Glen 's School and Glasgow University . He worked first as United Free Church Minister and then as a barrister . He resigned his charge at the United Free Church in Ardrossan , Ayrshire in 1918 to contest Ayr Burghs in the same year . He was Independent Labour Party Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Glasgow Camlachie from November 1922 to 1931 and from 1935 until his death . He was one of James Maxton 's closest political allies within the Independent Labour Party and supported Maxton both in his attempts to foster closer relations with the Communist Party and also during the disaffiliation debate in the early 1930s . Despite his strong support for ILP independence from the Labour Party when Maxton was alive , Stephen resigned the ILP whip to sit as an Independent from July 1947 , and rejoined the Labour Party in October , shortly before his death . His death sparked the 1948 Glasgow Camlachie by-election . In 1945 , he married Dorothy Jewson , a former Labour Member of Parliament for Norwich ."}]}, {'value': '15,070', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow Gorbals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Gorbals_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Gorbals was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Glasgow . From 1918 until 1974 , it returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , elected by the first-past-the-post system .'}]}, {'value': 'George Buchanan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Buchanan_(politician)', 'summary': "George Buchanan ( 30 November 1890 - 28 June 1955 ) was a Scottish patternmaker , trade union activist , and Member of Parliament . Buchanan was born in Glasgow , Scotland . A committed socialist , he joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . Buchanan was Vice-Chairman of Glasgow Trades Council and sat on the City Council from 1919-1923 . At the 1922 general election he was elected to the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Glasgow Gorbals . In 1932 , Buchanan became Chairman of the United Patternmakers Association of Great Britain , a position he held for sixteen years . He initially agreed with James Maxton 's moving the ILP out of the mainstream Labour Party , but decided to leave them to rejoin Labour in 1939 . AT the 1945 general election , Buchanan retained the seat of Glasgow Gorbals , attaining the largest increase in percentage of voters in recorded UK history . Following the election , the new Prime Minister , Clement Attlee , appointed Buchanan as Under-Secretary of State for Scotland . He also later served as Minister of Pensions . Buchanan resigned from Parliament in 1948 to take up the position of Chairman of the National Assistance Board , and was succeeded by Alice Cullen , who had already succeeded him as the candidate for Glasgow Gorbals . He died in 1955 , aged 64 ."}]}, {'value': '22,860', 'urls': []}, {'value': '75.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow Govan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Govan_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Govan was a parliamentary constituency in the Govan district of Glasgow . It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for 120 years ; from 1885 until 2005 , returning one Member of Parliament ( MP ) elected by the first-past-the-post system . It was a Conservative-Liberal marginal seat for the first three decades of its existence , before breaking this trend when the Labour Party won the seat in 1918 . It remained a Labour-controlled seat for the next fifty-five years , except for a five-year Conservative interlude between 1950-55 , until being seized by the Scottish National Party at a by-election in 1973 , only to be regained by Labour the following year . The SNP regained the seat at a 1988 by-election , only to lose it again to Labour in 1992 . It remained under Labour control until its abolition thirteen years later . The area which the constituency represented is now covered by Glasgow Central , Glasgow South and Glasgow South West .'}]}, {'value': 'Tom Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Taylor,_Baron_Taylor_of_Gryfe', 'summary': 'Thomas Johnston Taylor , Baron Taylor of Gryfe FRSE DL LLD ( 27 April 1912 - 13 July 2001 ) was a British politician and businessman . He was affectionately known as Tom Taylor .'}]}, {'value': '4,959', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow Shettleston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Shettleston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Shettleston was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 until 2005 . The Shettleston area is represented is now covered by Glasgow Central and Glasgow East .'}]}, {'value': 'John McGovern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McGovern_(politician)', 'summary': 'John McGovern ( 13 December 1887 - 14 February 1968 ) was a Scottish socialist politician .'}]}, {'value': '18,377', 'urls': []}, {'value': '52.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glasgow Tradeston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glasgow_Tradeston_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Glasgow Tradeston was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1955 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system .'}]}, {'value': 'James Carmichael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Carmichael_(British_politician)', 'summary': "James Carmichael ( 7 April 1894 - 19 January 1966 ) was a Scottish Labour politician . Carmichael was born in Glasgow , the son of George Carmichael , one of the founding members of the Independent Labour Party , and Jane McCann Carmichael . educated at the Scottish Labour College and worked as a constructional engineer , insurance agent and secretary . For fourteen years , he acted as organising secretary for the Scottish Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . He served on Glasgow Town Council 1939-46 . He was elected for Glasgow Bridgeton at a by-election in 1946 , following the death of James Maxton , leader of the ILP . He was the ILP candidate , and he narrowly beat the Labour Party candidate to win the by-election . However this by-election was the ILP 's swan song ; he and the two other ILP MPs defected to the Labour Party at various times in 1947 and it ceased to be a serious electoral force after this . Carmichael retired as an MP in 1961 . The by-election to replace him was won by Labour , but it was one of the first elections where the Scottish National Party ( SNP ) won a significant vote , heralding further advances in the 1960s . His son was Neil Carmichael , who was also a Glasgow Labour MP for several years , and was later created a life peer as Lord Carmichael of Kelvingrove . His son-in-law was Labour MP Hugh Brown ."}]}, {'value': '3,423', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilmarnock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilmarnock_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Kilmarnock was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1983 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post system of election . The constituency included the area of the former parliamentary burgh of Kilmarnock . The parliamentary burgh had been , previously , a component of the Kilmarnock Burghs constituency . Prominent Members for this seat included long-serving Scottish Secretary Willie Ross , and senior judge Craigie Mason Aitchison'}]}, {'value': 'John Pollock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Pollock_(politician)', 'summary': 'John Pollock ( 1893 - 1955 ) was a Scottish political activist . Born in Kilmarnock , Pollock worked for many years as a boilermaker . He joined a Marxist group when he was sixteen , but soon left , and instead joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . He worked as the election agent for Robert Climie , Labour candidate for Kilmarnock on several occasions , and as a result , he lost his job . He found employment on the buses , but was again sacked for his political work . He spent several months unemployed in 1926 , but then found work work as a co-operative insurance agent , and moved to Ayr . Pollock was selected as ILP candidate for Kilmarnock at the 1931 UK general election . The Labour Party would only support those ILP candidates who signed a declaration of loyalty , which Pollock refused to do . He lost the election to the incumbent , Craigie Aitchison , then stood in the 1933 Kilmarnock by-election and the 1935 UK general election , placing third behind National Labour and Labour candidates on these occasions . Pollock was elected as chair of the important Scottish Division of the ILP , and also won election to Ayr town council . In 1946 , Jimmy Maxton , the leading personality in the ILP , died , and Pollock decided to defect to the Labour Party . At the 1950 UK general election , he stood for his new part in Ayr , but was not elected .'}]}, {'value': '3,582', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lanark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lanark_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Lanark was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster ) from 1918 to 1983 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post voting system . There was also an earlier Lanark Burghs constituency , from 1708 to 1832 .'}]}, {'value': 'William Carlin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,583', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Merthyr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Merthyr_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Merthyr was a borough constituency centred on the town of Merthyr Tydfil in Wales . It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . The constituency was created for the 1918 general election , and abolished for the 1950 general election , when it was largely replaced by the new constituency of Merthyr Tydfil .'}]}, {'value': 'Claude Stanfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9,640', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Lanarkshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Lanarkshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'North ( or Northern ) Lanarkshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster ) from 1868 to 1885 and from 1918 to 1983 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) by the first past the post voting system .'}]}, {'value': 'Jennie Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jennie_Lee,_Baroness_Lee_of_Asheridge', 'summary': "Janet Lee , Baroness Lee of Asheridge , PC LLD HonFRA ( 3 November 1904 - 16 November 1988 ) , known as Jennie Lee , was a Scottish politician . She was a Labour Member of Parliament from a by-election in 1929 until 1931 and then from 1945 to 1970 . As Minister for the Arts in Harold Wilson 's government of 1964-1970 , she played a leading role in the foundation of the Open University working directly with Harold Wilson to establish the principle of open access : Enrolment as a student of the University should be open to everyone … irrespective of educational qualifications , and no formal entrance requirement should be imposed . She was married to the Welsh Labour politician Aneurin Bevan from 1934 until his death in 1960 ."}]}, {'value': '17,267', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norwich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Norwich was a borough constituency which was represented in the House of Commons of England from 1298 to 1707 , in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 , and in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 until it was abolished for the 1950 general election . Consisting of the city of Norwich in Norfolk , it returned two members of parliament ( MPs ) , elected by the bloc vote system . It was replaced in 1950 by two new single-member constituencies , Norwich North and Norwich South .'}]}, {'value': 'Fenner Brockway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fenner_Brockway', 'summary': 'Archibald Fenner Brockway , Baron Brockway ( 1 November 1888 - 28 April 1988 ) , was a British anti-war activist and politician .'}]}, {'value': '6,737', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Whitehaven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Whitehaven_(UK_Parliament_constituency)', 'summary': 'Whitehaven was a constituency centred on the town of Whitehaven in Cumberland , which returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It was created in 1832 and renamed Copeland at the 1983 general election .'}]}, {'value': 'Tom Stephenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Stephenson_(trade_unionist)', 'summary': "Tom Stephenson ( 27 April 1895 - 3 December 1962 ) was a British trade unionist . Born in Moresby , near Whitehaven , Stephenson left school at the age of fourteen and followed his father in working at the Walkmill Colliery . Inspired by Tom Cape and various socialist speakers , Stephenson joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) and became active in the Cumberland Miners ' Association ( CMA ) . Stephenson rose to promince during a lock-out of miners in 1921 , and was also a leading figure in a fifteen-week strike in 1923 . During the UK general strike , he called for the nationalisation of the mines . In August 1926 , he was convicted of intimidating strikebreakers and was sentences to one month of hard labour . He was elected as a Labour Party member of Whitehaven Town Council in 1923 . He supported the ILP disaffiliating from the Labour Party in 1932 , although he stated that he would have supported them remaining if the ILP had been allowed to organise in Parliament . Following the disaffiliating , Stephenson was chosen as the North East representative on the ILP 's National Administrative Council . He was consistently re-elected to Ennerdale Rural District Council , and he was selected as the ILP candidate for Whitehaven at the 1935 general election . However , he took only 3.3% of the votes cast and , although he remained loyal to the ILP , he began to focus his work in the labour movement . Stephenson was elected as financial secretary of the CMA in 1935 , then when Cape retired , he became general secretary , moving to Workington ."}]}, {'value': '1,004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Election results -- 1935 general election', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Independent_Labour_Party_election_results_23', 'intro': "This article lists the Independent Labour Party's election results in UK parliamentary elections."}
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What was position of the candidate in the constituency replaced in 1950 by two new single-member constituencies ?
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ff8def1ccd087c59
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)', 'title': 'Azerbaijan (Iran)', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'County', 'Province', 'Population ( County )'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tabriz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tabriz', 'summary': "Tabriz ( Persian : تبریز [ tæbˈɾiːz ] ( listen ) ; Azerbaijani : Təbriz ) is the most populated city in northwestern Iran , one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province . It is the sixth most populous city in Iran . Located in the Quru River valley , in Iran 's historic Azerbaijan region , between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains , Tabriz 's elevation ranges between 1,350 and 1,600 metres ( 4,430 and 5,250 ft ) above sea level . The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia , 60 kilometres ( 37 miles ) to the west . With cold winters and temperate summers , Tabriz is considered a summer resort . It was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation . With a population of over 1.73 million ( 2016 ) , Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in Northwest Iran . The population is overwhelmingly Azerbaijani , though Persian is spoken by residents as a second language . Tabriz is a major heavy industries hub for automobiles , machine tools , refineries , petrochemicals , textiles and cement production industries . The city is famous for its handicrafts , including hand-woven rugs and jewellery . Local confectionery , chocolate , dried nuts and traditional Tabrizi food are recognised throughout Iran as some of the best . Tabriz is also an academic hub and a site for some of the most prestigious cultural institutes in Northwest Iran ."}]}, {'value': 'Tabriz County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tabriz_County', 'summary': "Tabriz County ( Persian : شهرستان تبریز ) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran . The capital of the county is Tabriz . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 1,557,241 , in 423,775 families . The county is subdivided into two districts : the Central District and Khosrowshahr District . The county has five cities : Tabriz , Basmenj , Sardrud , Malek Kian , and Khosrowshah ."}]}, {'value': 'East Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Azerbaijan', 'summary': 'East Azerbaijan Province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi ; Azerbaijani : شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan , bordering with Armenia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Ardabil Province , West Azerbaijan Province , and Zanjan Province . The capital of East Azerbaijan is Tabriz . East Azerbaijan Province is in Regions 3 of Iran , with its secretariat located in its capital city , Tabriz .'}]}, {'value': '1,695,094', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Urmia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Urmia', 'summary': "Urmia or Orumiyeh [ nb 1 ] ( Persian : ارومیه , pronounced [ oɾumiˈje ] ( listen ) ; [ nb 2 ] Azerbaijani : اورمیه , romanized : Urmiya , Kurdish : Ûrmiye , ورمێ ) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County . It is situated at an altitude of 1,330 metres ( 4,360 ft ) above sea level , and is located along the Shahar Chay river ( City River ) on the Urmia Plain . Lake Urmia , one of the world 's largest salt lakes , lies to the east of the city , and the mountainous Turkish border area lies to the west . Urmia is the 10th most populated city in Iran . At the 2012 census , its population was 667,499 , with 197,749 households . The city 's inhabitants are predominantly Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language . There are also minorities of Kurds , Persians , Assyrians , and Armenians . The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits ( especially apples and grapes ) and tobacco are grown . The Christian history of Urmia is well preserved and is especially evident in the city 's many churches and cathedrals . An important town by the 9th century , the city has had a diverse population which has at times included Muslims ( Shias and Sunnis ) , Christians ( Catholics , Protestants , Nestorians , and Orthodox ) , Jews , Bahá'ís and Sufis . Around 1900 , Christians made up more than 40% of the city 's population ; however , most of the Christians fled in 1918 because of intense persecution from Muslims and as a result of the Armenian and Assyrian Genocides by the Ottoman Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Urmia County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Urmia_County', 'summary': "Urmia County ( Persian : شهرستان ارومیه ) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Urmia city . At the 2016 census , the county 's population was 1,040,565 , in 304,306 households . The county has five cities : Urmia , Qushchi , Silvaneh , Serow , and Nushin.60% of the population are Azarbaijanis and 40% are Kurdish , Armenian , and Assyrian ."}]}, {'value': 'West Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Azerbaijan', 'summary': "West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , bordering Turkey , Iraq and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan and Kurdistan . The province is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey 's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province of West Azerbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² , or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia . In 2012 the province had a population of about 3 million ( estimate ) . The capital city and largest city of the province is Urmia ."}]}, {'value': '963,738', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ardabil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ardabil', 'summary': "Ardabil ( pronunciation ( help·info ) , Persian : اردبیل , Azerbaijani : اردبیل , also romanized as Ardabīl and Ardebīl ) is an ancient city in northwestern Iran , and the capital of Ardabil Province . Located in the northeastern part of Iran 's historic Azerbaijan region , at the 2011 census , Ardabil 's population was 564,365 , in 156,324 families . The dominant majority in the city are ethnic Iranian Azerbaijanis and the primary language of the people is Azerbaijani . Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets . Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil Carpets are considered among the best of classical Persian carpets . Ardabil is also home to a World Heritage Site , the Ardabil Shrine , the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn , eponymous founder of the Safavid dynasty . The population of Ardabil is about 650,000 and their religion is Shia Islam ."}]}, {'value': 'Ardabil County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ardabil_County', 'summary': "Ardabil County ( Persian : شهرستان اردبیل ) is a county in Ardabil Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Ardabil . At the 2006 census , the county 's population ( including portions that were split off to form Sareyn County ) was 542,930 , in 131,950 families , excluding those portions , the population was 525,733 , in 128,013 families . The county has two districts : the Central District and Hir District . The county has two cities : Ardabil and Hir ."}]}, {'value': 'Ardabil Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ardabil_Province', 'summary': 'Ardabil Province ( Persian : استان اردبیل ; Azerbaijani : اردبیل اوستانی ) is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , in Regions 3 , bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan , the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan , and Gilan . Its administrative centre is the city of Ardabil . The province was established in 1993 from the eastern part of East Azerbaijan .'}]}, {'value': '564,365', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zanjan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran', 'summary': "Zanjan ( Persian : زنجان , pronounced [ zænˈdʒɒːn ] ( listen ) ; Azerbaijani : زنگان ) is the capital of Zanjan Province in Iran . It lies 298 km ( 185 mi ) north-west of Tehran on the main highway to Tabriz and Turkey and approximately 125 km ( 78 mi ) from the Caspian Sea . The city is located about 20 kilometers south of the Qaflankuh Mountain Range . At the 2016 census , its population was 521,302 which is the 20th largest city in Iran . The population of Zanjan consists mostly of Iranian Azeris who can also speak the Azerbaijani language . Zanjan is 21733 square kilometers . Zanjan is known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives , traditional sandals , called charoogh , and malileh , a handcraft made with silver wires . Zanjani artists make many things like various decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry . In ancient times , Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives . But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by introduction of Chinese-made knives into the market which are far cheaper , more abundant and less artistic [ citation needed ] . Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers , perhaps Zanjan 's most popular handcraft . Zanjan 's population boasts the highest level of happiness among the people of 30 other provinces in Iran , according to a detailed survey conducted by Isna ."}]}, {'value': 'Zanjan County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zanjan_County', 'summary': "Zanjan County ( Persian : شهرستان زنجان ) is a county in Zanjan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Zanjan . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 442,728 , in 113,883 families . The county is subdivided into three districts : the Central District ( Zanjan County ) , Zanjanrud District , and Qareh Poshtelu District . The county has three cities : Zanjan , Iran , Nik Pey , and Armaghankhaneh ."}]}, {'value': 'Zanjan Province', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zanjan_Province', 'summary': "Zanjan Province ( Persian : استان زنجان , Ostâne Zanjân ; also Romanized as Ostān-e Zanjān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . Located in Iranian Azerbaijan with a largely Azerbaijani population . it is part of Iran 's Regions 3 . Its capital is Zanjan city . Zanjan province , with an area of 36,400 km² , has a mostly rural population of 1,015,734 ( 2011 ) . The province lies 330 km northwest of Tehran , connected to it by a freeway . Zanjan is the happiest province in Iran ."}]}, {'value': '486,495', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khoy', 'summary': "Khoy ( Azerbaijani : خوی ; Persian : خوی ; also Romanized as and Khoi ) , is a city and capital of Khoy County , West Azerbaijan Province , Iran . At the 2012 census , its population was 200,985 . Khoy is the biggest city in the Azerbaijan region that is not the capital of a province . Khoy is located north of the province 's capital and largest city Urmia , and 807 km north-west to Tehran . The region 's economy is based on agriculture , particularly the production of fruit , grain , and timber . Khoy is nicknamed as the Sunflower city of Iran . At the 2006 census , the city had a population of 178,708 , with an estimated 2012 population of 200,985 . The city 's inhabitants are predominantly Azerbaijanis and Azerbaijani is dominantly spoken in Khoy , while nearly all inhabitants can also converse in Persian . The main religion is Shia Islam . Occupied since Median times , it shares a long history as an important Christian centre ."}]}, {'value': 'Khoy County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khoy_County', 'summary': "Khoy County ( Azerbaijani : Xoy bölgəsiPersian : شهرستان خوی ) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran . At the 2006 census , the county 's population ( including those portions later split off to form Chaypareh County was 365,573 , in 85,550 families ; excluding those portions , the population was 323,348 , in 75,464 families . The capital of the county is Khoy ."}]}, {'value': 'West Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Azerbaijan', 'summary': "West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , bordering Turkey , Iraq and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan and Kurdistan . The province is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey 's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province of West Azerbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² , or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia . In 2012 the province had a population of about 3 million ( estimate ) . The capital city and largest city of the province is Urmia ."}]}, {'value': '354,309', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miandoab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miandoab', 'summary': 'Miandoab ( Persian : مياندوآب ) or Qushachay is a city and capital of Miandoab County , West Azerbaijan Province , Iran . At the 2012 census , its population was 135,880 , in 38,704 families .'}]}, {'value': 'Miandoab County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miandoab_County', 'summary': "Miandoab County ( Persian : شهرستان میاندوآب ) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Miandoab . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 245,153 , in 59,998 families . The county is subdivided into three districts : the Central District , Marhemetabad District , and Baruq District . The county has three cities : Miandoab , Chahar Borj , and Baruq . The people of this city are Azerbaijani ."}]}, {'value': 'West Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Azerbaijan', 'summary': "West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , bordering Turkey , Iraq and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan and Kurdistan . The province is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey 's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province of West Azerbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² , or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia . In 2012 the province had a population of about 3 million ( estimate ) . The capital city and largest city of the province is Urmia ."}]}, {'value': '260,628', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maragheh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maragheh', 'summary': 'Maragheh ( Persian : مراغه , Azerbaijani : ماراغا [ citation needed ] ) , also Romanized as Marāgheh ; also known as Marāgha ) , is an ancient city and capital of Maragheh County , East Azerbaijan Province , Iran . Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay . The population consists mostly of Iranian Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language . It is 130 kilometres ( 81 mi ) from Tabriz , the largest city in northwestern Iran .'}]}, {'value': 'Maragheh County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maragheh_County', 'summary': "Maragheh County ( Persian : شهرستان مراغه ) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Maragheh . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 227,635 , in 57,612 families . The county is subdivided into two districts : the Central District and Saraju District . The county has two cities : Maragheh and Kharaju ."}]}, {'value': 'East Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Azerbaijan', 'summary': 'East Azerbaijan Province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi ; Azerbaijani : شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan , bordering with Armenia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Ardabil Province , West Azerbaijan Province , and Zanjan Province . The capital of East Azerbaijan is Tabriz . East Azerbaijan Province is in Regions 3 of Iran , with its secretariat located in its capital city , Tabriz .'}]}, {'value': '247,681', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marand', 'summary': 'Marand ( Persian : مرند ; Azerbaijani : Mərənd ; also Romanized as Morand ) is a city and capital of Marand County , East Azerbaijan Province , Iran . Marand is among major cities in the province . It is located in the north-west of capital of the province Tabriz . Marand has been known by various names in history , such as Maryana , Mandagarana , and Maranda .'}]}, {'value': 'Marand County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marand_County', 'summary': "Marand County ( Persian : شهرستان مرند ) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Marand . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 229,215 , in 59,097 families . The county is subdivided into two districts : the Central District and Yamchi District . The county has seven cities : Marand , Jolfa , Hadishahr , Benab e Marand , Koshksaray , Yamchi , and Zonuz ."}]}, {'value': 'East Azerbaijan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Azerbaijan', 'summary': 'East Azerbaijan Province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi ; Azerbaijani : شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan , bordering with Armenia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Ardabil Province , West Azerbaijan Province , and Zanjan Province . The capital of East Azerbaijan is Tabriz . East Azerbaijan Province is in Regions 3 of Iran , with its secretariat located in its capital city , Tabriz .'}]}, {'value': '239,209', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Demographics -- Administrative divisions', 'section_text': "Azerbaijan 's major cities are Tabriz [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of East Azerbaijan ) , Urmia [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of West Azerbaijan ) , Zanjan [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of Zanjan Province ) , Ardabil [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of Ardabil Province ) and Major cities non-capital of Province 's Azerbaijan are Khoy and Maragheh . [ 113 ] [ 114 ]", 'uid': 'Azerbaijan_(Iran)_1', 'intro': 'The name Azerbaijan itself is derived from Atropates, the Persian Satrap (governor) of Medea in the Achaemenid empire, who ruled a region found in modern Iranian Azerbaijan called Atropatene. Atropates name is believed to be derived from the Old Persian roots meaning protected by fire. The name is also mentioned in the Avestan Frawardin Yasht: âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide which translates literally to: We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare-pata. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam: In Middle Persian the name of the province was called Āturpātākān, older new-Persian Ādharbādhagān (آذربادگان/آذرآبادگان), Ādharbāyagān, at present Āzerbāydjān/Āzarbāydjān, Greek Atropatíni (᾿Ατροπατήνη), Byzantine Greek Adravigánon (᾿Αδραβιγάνων), Armenian Atrpatakan, Syriac Adhorbāyghān. The name Atropat in Middle Persian was transformed to Adharbad and is connected with Zoroastrianism. A famous Zoroastrian priest by the name Adarbad Mahraspandan is well known for his counsels. Azerbaijan, due to its numerous fire-temples has also been quoted in a variety of historic sources as being the birthplace of the prophet Zoroaster although modern scholars have not yet reached an agreement on the location of his birth. With Qajar Iran being forced to cede to Imperial Russia its Caucasian territories north of the Aras River (that is, modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan) during the course of the 19th century, through the treaties of Gulistan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828), vast amounts of soil were irrevocably lost. Following the disintegration of the Russian Empire in 1917, as well as the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, in 1918, the leading Musavat government adopted the name Azerbaijan for the newly established Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which was proclaimed on May 27, 1918, for political reasons, even though the name of Azerbaijan had always been used to refer to the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran. Thus, until 1918, when the Musavat regime decided to name the newly independent state Azerbaijan, this designation had been used exclusively to identify the Iranian province of Azerbaijan.'}
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In a providence located in Region 3 , a county has an estimated population of 1,040,565 , out of how many households ?
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304,306
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ff8e716f4347c147
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Wooden_Award', 'title': 'John R. Wooden Award', 'header': ['Season', 'Player', 'School', 'Position', 'Class'], 'data': [{'value': '1976-77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marques Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marques_Johnson', 'summary': 'Marques Kevin Johnson ( born February 8 , 1956 ) is a basketball analyst for the Milwaukee Bucks on Fox Sports Net and a retired American professional basketball player . The small forward played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1977-1989 , where he was a five-time All-Star . He was a pioneer of the point forward position . Johnson was a Los Angeles City Section player of the year in high school before attending the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) . He played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins and won a national championship in 1975 . In his senior year , he won multiple national player of the year awards . Johnson was the third overall pick in the 1977 NBA draft by the Milwaukee Bucks . He played seven seasons with Milwaukee before finishing his NBA career with the Los Angeles Clippers and the Golden State Warriors .'}]}, {'value': 'UCLA', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins men 's basketball program represents the University of California , Los Angeles in the sport of men 's basketball as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Established in 1919 , the program has won a record 11 NCAA titles . Coach John Wooden led the Bruins to 10 national titles in 12 seasons , from 1964 to 1975 , including seven straight from 1967 to 1973 . UCLA went undefeated a record four times ( 1964 , 1967 , 1972 , and 1973 ) . Coach Jim Harrick led the team to another NCAA title in 1995 . Former coach Ben Howland led UCLA to three consecutive Final Four appearances from 2006 to 2008 . As a member of the AAWU , Pacific-8 and then Pacific-10 , UCLA set a NCAA Division I record with 13 consecutive regular season conference titles between 1967 and 1979 which stood until passed by Kansas in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1977-78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Phil Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Ford_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Phil Jackson Ford Jr. ( born February 9 , 1956 ) is an American former professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He graduated from Rocky Mount Senior High School in 1974 , and had an All-American college career with the North Carolina Tar Heels .'}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The Tar Heels have won six Men 's Basketball National Championships ( 1957 , 1982 , 1993 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2017 ) . North Carolina 's six NCAA Tournament Championships are third-most all-time , behind University of California , Los Angeles ( 11 ) and University of Kentucky ( 8 ) . They have also won 18 Atlantic Coast Conference tournament titles , 32 Atlantic Coast Conference regular season titles , and an Atlantic Coast Conference record 20 outright Regular Season Championships . The program has produced many notable players who went on to play in the NBA , including three of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History : Billy Cunningham , Michael Jordan and James Worthy . Many Tar Heel assistant coaches have gone on to become head coaches elsewhere . From the Tar Heels ' first season in 1910-11 through the 2018-19 season , the program has amassed a .739 all-time winning percentage ( second highest all-time ) , winning 2,261 games and losing 799 games in 109 seasons . The Tar Heels also have the most consecutive 20-win seasons with 31 seasons from the 1970-71 season through the 2000-2001 season . On March 2 , 2010 , North Carolina became the second college basketball program to reach 2,000 wins in its history . The Tar Heels are currently ranked 3rd all time in wins trailing Kentucky by 34 games and Kansas by 13 games . The Tar Heels are one of only four Division I Men 's Basketball programs to have ever achieved 2,000 victories . Kentucky , Kansas , and Duke are the other three ."}]}, {'value': 'PG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978-79', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1978–79_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': 'The top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season .'}]}, {'value': 'Larry Bird', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Bird', 'summary': "Larry Joe Bird ( born December 7 , 1956 ) is an American former professional basketball player , former coach , and former executive who most recently served as President of Basketball Operations for the Indiana Pacers in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Nicknamed The Hick from French Lick , Bird is widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players of all time . Drafted into the NBA by the Boston Celtics with the sixth overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft , Bird started at small forward and power forward for the Celtics for 13 seasons . Bird was a 12-time NBA All-Star and received the NBA Most Valuable Player Award three consecutive times ( 1984-1986 ) . He played his entire professional career for Boston , winning three NBA championships and two NBA Finals MVP awards . Bird was also a member of the gold-medal-winning 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team known as The Dream Team . He was voted to the NBA 's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1996 , was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998 , and was inducted into the Hall of Fame again in 2010 as a member of The Dream Team . After retiring as a player , Bird served as head coach of the Indiana Pacers from 1997 to 2000 . He was named NBA Coach of the Year for the 1997-1998 season and later led the Pacers to a berth in the 2000 NBA Finals . In 2003 , Bird was named President of Basketball Operations for the Pacers , holding the position until retiring in 2012 . He was named NBA Executive of the Year for the 2012 season . Bird returned to the Pacers as President of Basketball Operations in 2013 and remained in that role until 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Indiana_State_Sycamores_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Indiana State Sycamores basketball is the NCAA Division I men 's basketball program of Indiana State University in Terre Haute , Indiana . They currently compete in the Missouri Valley Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 2011 . The Sycamores ' first season was 1896 , making them the oldest basketball team in the NCAA along with Bucknell , Minnesota , and Washington ; however , the records from 1896 to 1899 no longer exist . The Sycamores boast two College Players of the Year , 14 All-Americans , 39 1,000-point scorers , and 1,507 victories . Their victory count places them in the top 70 of all NCAA Division I programs . In addition , the Sycamores have 26 postseason appearances ( 7 NCAA , 4 NIT , 1 CBI , 1 CIT , 12 NAIA , and the 1936 Olympic Trials ) with five national championship appearances ( 2 NCAA , 3 NAIA ) . Seven Sycamores were members of the 1951 Pan-American Games gold medal-winning team . The Sycamores ' most memorable season was 1978-79 , when unanimous National Player of the Year Larry Bird led an undefeated team to its first-ever NCAA Division I Tournament appearance , as well as the UPI national title . However , it lost the national title game versus the Magic Johnson-led Michigan State team ; and ended the season with a record of 33-1 . Their performance was the deepest run by a first-time participant in the Division I tournament , and one of only three times that a first-time team has advanced as far as the Final Four ( UNCC in 1977 and Georgia in 1983 ) . They would not have another postseason appearance until 2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979-80', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1979–80_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1979-80 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 17 , 1979 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1980 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 24 , 1980 , at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis . The Louisville Cardinals won their first NCAA national championship with a 59-54 victory over the UCLA Bruins ."}]}, {'value': 'Darrell Griffith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darrell_Griffith', 'summary': 'Darrell Steven Griffith ( born June 16 , 1958 ) , also known by his nickname Dr. Dunkenstein , is an American former basketball player who spent his entire professional career with the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association . He played collegiately at the University of Louisville . He is widely regarded as one of the greatest college basketball players of all time .'}]}, {'value': 'Louisville', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Louisville Cardinals men 's basketball team is the men 's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville ( U of L ) in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) of NCAA Division I . The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 ( with the 2013 title being vacated ) ; and have officially been to 8 Final Fours ( with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated ) in 38 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins . Due to an FBI criminal investigation into illegal benefits and actions by college basketball coaches , financial advisers , and others , on September 27 , 2017 , head coach Rick Pitino and athletic director Tom Jurich were placed on administrative leave and were later fired . Two days later , assistant David Padgett , a former star player under Pitino at Louisville , was named as acting head coach . On February 20 , 2018 , the NCAA vacated the 2013 NCAA title . On March 27 , 2018 , it was announced that the University of Louisville signed Chris Mack to a seven-year contract as head coach ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980-81', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1980–81_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1980-81 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 28 , 1980 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1981 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 30 , 1981 , at The Spectrum in Philadelphia . The Indiana Hoosiers won their fourth NCAA national championship with a 63-50 victory over the North Carolina Tar Heels ."}]}, {'value': 'Danny Ainge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Ainge', 'summary': 'Daniel Ray Ainge ( born March 17 , 1959 ) is an American basketball executive and former professional basketball and baseball player . Ainge is currently the general manager and President of Basketball Operations for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Ainge was an outstanding high school athlete . At Brigham Young University , he was named national basketball college player of the year and won the John R. Wooden Award for the most outstanding male college basketball player . While in college , Ainge also played parts of three seasons with the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , mostly as a second baseman . He was then drafted into the NBA by the Celtics . Ainge completed 14 seasons , playing for the Celtics , Portland Trail Blazers , Sacramento Kings and Phoenix Suns , primarily as a shooting guard . He went on to coach the Suns for three seasons before joining management of the Celtics , with whom Ainge has three NBA Championships to his credit ( two as a player , one as President/GM ) . He is the only person to be named a high school first team All-American in American football , basketball , and baseball .'}]}, {'value': 'BYU', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/BYU_Cougars_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The BYU Cougars men 's basketball team represents Brigham Young University in NCAA Division I basketball play . Established in 1902 , the team has won 27 conference championships , 3 conference tournament championships and 2 NIT Tournaments ( 1951 and 1966 ) , and competed in 29 NCAA Tournaments . It currently competes in the West Coast Conference . From 1999-2011 , the team competed in the Mountain West Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-82', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1981–82_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1981-82 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began on November 27 , 1981 , progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments , and concluded with the 1982 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 29 , 1982 , at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The North Carolina Tar Heels won their second NCAA national championship with a 63-62 victory over the Georgetown Hoyas ."}]}, {'value': 'Ralph Sampson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Sampson', 'summary': "Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. ( born July 7 , 1960 ) is an American retired basketball player . He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . A 7-foot-4 phenom , three-time College Player of the Year , and first selection in the 1983 NBA draft , Sampson brought heavy expectations with him to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The NBA Rookie of the Year , Sampson averaged 20.7 points and 10.9 rebounds for his first three seasons with the Houston Rockets before injuries began to take their toll . Three knee surgeries later he retired as a four-time All-Star , an NBA Rookie of the Year , and an NBA All-Star Game MVP ( 1985 ) . One of his many career highlights was a buzzer-beating shot to dethrone the Los Angeles Lakers as Western Conference champions in 1986 , derailing their hopes for coveted back-to-back NBA titles , and sending the Rockets to their second NBA Finals in the team 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Virginia . The school competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . Virginia has won one NCAA Championship , two National Invitation Tournaments , and three ACC Tournament titles . The team is coached by Tony Bennett and plays home games at the on-campus John Paul Jones Arena ( 14,593 ) which opened in 2006 . They have been called the Cavaliers since 1923 , predating the Cleveland Cavaliers of the NBA by half a century . Virginia was a top program in the early years of college basketball under the tutelage of Pop Lannigan from 1905-1929 , and even a consistent winner under dual-sport football coach Gus Tebell from 1930-1951 , but the Cavaliers struggled in the 1950s and 1960s before Terry Holland arrived in 1974 to win their first ACC Championship and earn their first NCAA Tournament appearance in just his second year . The program has since won nine ACC season titles , third-best all-time . In the recent 18-game era ( 2012-2019 ) of ACC play under Bennett , Virginia had four of the five teams to go 16-2 or better . UVA was also the only ACC program to finish a season 17-1 ( none went undefeated ) . Virginia won the NCAA Tournament Championship in 2019 , has been to the Final Four three times , and won the last third-place game ever played at the event in 1981 . UVA is one of only two programs to have earned a No . 1 seed in all four regions of the NCAA Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982-83', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1982–83_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1982-83 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1982 and ended with the Final Four in Albuquerque , New Mexico on April 4 , 1983 . The NC State Wolfpack won their second NCAA national championship with a 54-52 victory over the heavily-favored # 1 ranked Houston Cougars ."}]}, {'value': 'Ralph Sampson ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Sampson', 'summary': "Ralph Lee Sampson Jr. ( born July 7 , 1960 ) is an American retired basketball player . He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . A 7-foot-4 phenom , three-time College Player of the Year , and first selection in the 1983 NBA draft , Sampson brought heavy expectations with him to the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The NBA Rookie of the Year , Sampson averaged 20.7 points and 10.9 rebounds for his first three seasons with the Houston Rockets before injuries began to take their toll . Three knee surgeries later he retired as a four-time All-Star , an NBA Rookie of the Year , and an NBA All-Star Game MVP ( 1985 ) . One of his many career highlights was a buzzer-beating shot to dethrone the Los Angeles Lakers as Western Conference champions in 1986 , derailing their hopes for coveted back-to-back NBA titles , and sending the Rockets to their second NBA Finals in the team 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Virginia Cavaliers men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Virginia . The school competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . Virginia has won one NCAA Championship , two National Invitation Tournaments , and three ACC Tournament titles . The team is coached by Tony Bennett and plays home games at the on-campus John Paul Jones Arena ( 14,593 ) which opened in 2006 . They have been called the Cavaliers since 1923 , predating the Cleveland Cavaliers of the NBA by half a century . Virginia was a top program in the early years of college basketball under the tutelage of Pop Lannigan from 1905-1929 , and even a consistent winner under dual-sport football coach Gus Tebell from 1930-1951 , but the Cavaliers struggled in the 1950s and 1960s before Terry Holland arrived in 1974 to win their first ACC Championship and earn their first NCAA Tournament appearance in just his second year . The program has since won nine ACC season titles , third-best all-time . In the recent 18-game era ( 2012-2019 ) of ACC play under Bennett , Virginia had four of the five teams to go 16-2 or better . UVA was also the only ACC program to finish a season 17-1 ( none went undefeated ) . Virginia won the NCAA Tournament Championship in 2019 , has been to the Final Four three times , and won the last third-place game ever played at the event in 1981 . UVA is one of only two programs to have earned a No . 1 seed in all four regions of the NCAA Tournament ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983-84', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1983–84_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1983-84 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1983 and ended with the Final Four in Seattle , Washington on April 2 , 1984 . The Georgetown Hoyas won their first NCAA national championship with an 84-75 victory over the Houston Cougars , who were making their third consecutive appearance in the Final Four ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Jordan', 'summary': "Michael Jeffrey Jordan ( born February 17 , 1963 ) , also known by his initials MJ , is an American former professional basketball player and the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played 15 seasons in the NBA , winning six championships with the Chicago Bulls . His biography on the official NBA website states : By acclamation , Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time . He was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s . Jordan played three seasons for coach Dean Smith with the North Carolina Tar Heels . As a freshman , he was a member of the Tar Heels ' national championship team in 1982 . Jordan joined the Bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick , and quickly emerged as a league star and entertained crowds with his prolific scoring . His leaping ability , demonstrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in Slam Dunk Contests , earned him the nicknames Air Jordan and His Airness . He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball . In 1991 , he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls , and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993 , securing a three-peat . Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the 1993-94 NBA season and started a new career in Minor League Baseball , he returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three additional championships in 1996 , 1997 , and 1998 , as well as a then-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995-96 NBA season . He retired for a second time in January 1999 but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The Tar Heels have won six Men 's Basketball National Championships ( 1957 , 1982 , 1993 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2017 ) . North Carolina 's six NCAA Tournament Championships are third-most all-time , behind University of California , Los Angeles ( 11 ) and University of Kentucky ( 8 ) . They have also won 18 Atlantic Coast Conference tournament titles , 32 Atlantic Coast Conference regular season titles , and an Atlantic Coast Conference record 20 outright Regular Season Championships . The program has produced many notable players who went on to play in the NBA , including three of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History : Billy Cunningham , Michael Jordan and James Worthy . Many Tar Heel assistant coaches have gone on to become head coaches elsewhere . From the Tar Heels ' first season in 1910-11 through the 2018-19 season , the program has amassed a .739 all-time winning percentage ( second highest all-time ) , winning 2,261 games and losing 799 games in 109 seasons . The Tar Heels also have the most consecutive 20-win seasons with 31 seasons from the 1970-71 season through the 2000-2001 season . On March 2 , 2010 , North Carolina became the second college basketball program to reach 2,000 wins in its history . The Tar Heels are currently ranked 3rd all time in wins trailing Kentucky by 34 games and Kansas by 13 games . The Tar Heels are one of only four Division I Men 's Basketball programs to have ever achieved 2,000 victories . Kentucky , Kansas , and Duke are the other three ."}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984-85', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1984–85_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1984-85 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1984 and ended with the Final Four in Lexington , Kentucky on April 1 , 1985 . The Villanova Wildcats won their first NCAA national championship with a 66-64 victory over the defending champion , top-ranked Georgetown Hoyas . It was the second time in three seasons that the national champion had 10 losses ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Mullin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Mullin_(basketball)', 'summary': "Christopher Paul Mullin ( born July 30 , 1963 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and former head coach of the St. John 's Red Storm . He previously served as special advisor for the Sacramento Kings and general manager of the Golden State Warriors . He is a two-time Olympic Gold medalist and a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee ( in 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ( The Dream Team ) , and in 2011 for his individual career ) . Mullin played shooting guard and small forward in the NBA from 1985 to 2001 . During his playing time at St. John 's University , he was named Big East Player of the Year three times and was a member of the 1984 U.S. Men 's Olympic Basketball team , Mullin was chosen as the seventh pick by the Golden State Warriors in the first round of the 1985 NBA draft . He returned to the Olympics in 1992 as a member of the Dream Team , which was the first American Olympic basketball team to include professional players . He played with the Warriors from the 1985-86 until the 1996-97 season . Thereafter , Mullin played with the Indiana Pacers from 1997 until the 1999-2000 season . He retired after the 2000-01 season , playing for his original team , the Warriors . On March 30 , 2015 , he was named 20th head coach of the St. John 's University men 's basketball team , his alma mater . On April 9 , 2019 he stepped down as the head coach of the St. John 's University men 's basketball team ."}]}, {'value': "St. John 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._John's_Red_Storm_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The St. John 's Red Storm men 's basketball team represents the St. John 's University in Queens , New York . The team participates in the Big East Conference . As of the end of the 2018-19 season , St. John 's has 1,900 total wins , which put them at # 6 on the List of teams with the most victories in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . Starting in the 2019-20 season , St. John 's will be coached by Mike Anderson ."}]}, {'value': 'SF / SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shooting_guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985-86', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1985–86_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': 'Beginning in 1985-86 , the following rules changes were implemented :'}]}, {'value': 'Walter Berry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walter_Berry_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Walter Berry ( born May 14 , 1964 ) is an American former professional basketball player . After spending three seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , he had a very successful career in various leagues around Europe and the EuroLeague . Berry played the power forward position . Out of New York , Berry was originally nicknamed The Truth .'}]}, {'value': "St. John 's ( 2 )", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._John's_Red_Storm_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The St. John 's Red Storm men 's basketball team represents the St. John 's University in Queens , New York . The team participates in the Big East Conference . As of the end of the 2018-19 season , St. John 's has 1,900 total wins , which put them at # 6 on the List of teams with the most victories in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . Starting in the 2019-20 season , St. John 's will be coached by Mike Anderson ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986-87', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1986–87_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1986-87 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1986 and ended with the Final Four in New Orleans , Louisiana on March 30 , 1987 ."}]}, {'value': 'David Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Robinson_(basketball)', 'summary': "David Maurice Robinson ( born August 6 , 1965 ) is an American former professional basketball player , who played center for the San Antonio Spurs in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for his entire career . Based on his prior service as an officer in the United States Navy , Robinson earned the nickname The Admiral . Robinson is a 10-time NBA All-Star , the 1995 NBA MVP , a two-time NBA Champion ( 1999 and 2003 ) , a two-time Olympic Gold Medal winner ( 1992 , 1996 ) , a two-time Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductee ( 2009 for his individual career , 2010 as a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ) , and a two-time U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame inductee ( 2008 individually , 2009 as a member of the 1992 Olympic team ) . He is widely considered one of the greatest centers in both college basketball and NBA history . To date , Robinson is the only player from the Naval Academy to play in the NBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Navy_Midshipmen_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Navy Midshipmen men 's basketball team represents the United States Naval Academy , in Annapolis , Maryland , in NCAA Division I college basketball . The team competes in the Patriot League and plays its home games in Alumni Hall . The U.S . Naval Academy began varsity intercollegiate competition in men 's basketball in the 1907-08 season . Navy was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA Tournament national champion for the 1912-13 and 1918-19 seasons by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll and for the 1912-13 season by the Helms Athletic Foundation ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987-88', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1987–88_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1987-88 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1987 and ended with the Final Four in Kansas City , Missouri on April 4 , 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'Danny Manning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danny_Manning', 'summary': "Daniel Ricardo Manning ( born May 17 , 1966 ) is an American college basketball coach and retired National Basketball Association player . He is the current men 's head coach at Wake Forest . Manning played high school basketball at Lawrence High School in Lawrence , Kansas , college basketball at The University of Kansas , and played in the NBA for 14 years . After retiring from professional basketball Manning became an assistant coach at his alma mater , the University of Kansas . He won the national championship with the Jayhawks in 1988 as a player , and again as an assistant in 2008 . He is the all-time leading scorer in Kansas basketball history with 2,951 points . The next closest player to his point total is Nick Collison , who is 854 points behind Manning ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1987–88_Kansas_Jayhawks_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1987-88 Kansas Jayhawks men 's basketball team represented the University of Kansas for the NCAA Division I men 's intercollegiate basketball season of 1987-1988 . The team won the 1987-1988 NCAA Division I men 's basketball championship , the second in the school 's history . They were led by Larry Brown in his fifth and final season as head coach . Their star player , Danny Manning , earned the team the nickname Danny and the Miracles because of the Jayhawks ' improbable tournament run after an 11-loss season , the most ever by a national champion . The team played its home games in Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence , Kansas . In the last three games of the NCAA tournament , the Jayhawks avenged their three home losses to Kansas State , Duke , and Oklahoma ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988-89', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1988–89_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1988-89 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1988 and ended with the Final Four at the Kingdome in Seattle , Washington on April 3 , 1989 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sean Elliott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sean_Elliott', 'summary': 'Sean Michael Elliott ( born February 2 , 1968 ) is an American former professional basketball player who starred at small forward in both the college and professional ranks . He attended the University of Arizona , where he had a standout career as a two-time All-American , winner of the 1989 John R. Wooden Award , the 1989 Adolph Rupp Trophy , the 1989 NABC Player of the Year , 1989 AP Player of the Year , and two time Pac-12 Player of the Year ( in 1988-1989 ) . He was the third pick of the 1989 NBA draft , was named to the 1990 NBA All-Rookie Second Team , was a two-time NBA All-Star , and earned an NBA championship in 1999 . His # 32 is retired by both the University of Arizona and the San Antonio Spurs .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1988–89_Arizona_Wildcats_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1988-89 Arizona Wildcats men 's basketball team represented the University of Arizona . The head coach was Lute Olson . The team played its home games in the McKale Center in Tucson , Arizona , and was a member of the Pacific-10 Conference . In the Pac-10 Basketball Tournament , Arizona beat Stanford by a score of 73-51 to claim its second consecutive Pac-10 title ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-90', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989–90_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1989-90 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1989 and ended with the Final Four at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver , Colorado on April 2 , 1990 . The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels won their first NCAA national championship with a 103-73 victory over the Duke Blue Devils ."}]}, {'value': 'Lionel Simmons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lionel_Simmons', 'summary': 'Lionel James L-Train Simmons ( born November 14 , 1968 ) is an American former professional basketball player .'}]}, {'value': 'La Salle', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1989–90_La_Salle_Explorers_men's_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1989-90 La Salle Explorers men 's basketball team represented La Salle University during the 1989-90 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season . Led by fourth-year head coach Speedy Morris , the team established the single-season school record for wins with a 30-2 record ( 16-0 MAAC ) , including a 22-game win streak . National Player of the Year Lionel L-Train Simmons finished his collegiate career third in NCAA scoring with 3,217 points , and also accumulated 1,429 rebounds . He was the first player in NCAA history to score more than 3,000 points and grab more than 1,100 rebounds ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990-91', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1990-91 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1990 and ended with the Final Four at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis , Indiana on April 1 , 1991 . The Duke Blue Devils won their first NCAA national championship with a 72-65 victory over the Kansas Jayhawks ."}]}, {'value': 'Larry Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Johnson_(basketball,_born_1969)', 'summary': "Lawrence Demetric Johnson ( born March 14 , 1969 ) is an American retired basketball player who spent his professional career in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) with the Charlotte Hornets and New York Knicks . At an officially listed height of 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) tall , he played at the power forward position ."}]}, {'value': 'UNLV', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1990–91_UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball_team", 'summary': "The 1990-91 UNLV Runnin ' Rebels basketball team represented the University of Nevada , Las Vegas in NCAA Division I men 's competition in the 1990-91 season . The Runnin ' Rebels , coached by Jerry Tarkanian , entered the season as defending national champions and entered the 1991 NCAA tournament unbeaten , but lost in the national semifinal to eventual champions Duke when Anderson Hunt 's desperation three in the final seconds bounced off the backboard and into the hands of a Duke player , Bobby Hurley , ending a 45-game winning streak that dated back to the previous season . They had been the last team to finish the regular season unbeaten before St. Joseph 's did it in 2004 . They were the last team to enter the NCAA tournament unbeaten until Wichita State did it in 2014 and Kentucky in 2015 . The team played its home games in the Thomas & Mack Center , and was a member of the Big West Conference ; it would join the Western Athletic Conference in 1996 and become a charter member of its current conference , the Mountain West Conference , in 1999 . The nickname Runnin ' Rebels is unique to men 's basketball at UNLV . The default nickname for men 's sports teams at the school is simply Rebels , while all women 's teams are known as Lady Rebels ."}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1991–92_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1991-92 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1991 and ended with the Final Four at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis , Minnesota on April 6 , 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Christian Laettner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Laettner', 'summary': 'Christian Donald Laettner ( /ˈleɪtnər/ , LAYT-nər ; born August 17 , 1969 ) is a retired American basketball player whose Hall of Fame career for the Duke Blue Devils is widely regarded as one of the best in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) history . [ a ] He was the star player on the back-to-back National Championship teams of 1991 and 1992 , and the NCAA player of the year in his senior year . He is particularly famous for his game-winning shot against Kentucky in the 1992 tournament and for the hatred he received from opposing fans . Laettner was the only collegian selected for the elite Dream Team that dominated the 1992 Olympics ; the team is enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . He was drafted third overall by the Minnesota Timberwolves , then played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for six teams . The highlight was being selected for the 1997 All-Star Game while with the Atlanta Hawks .'}]}, {'value': 'Duke', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Duke_Blue_Devils_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Duke Blue Devils men 's basketball team represents Duke University in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . The team is fourth all-time in wins of any NCAA men 's basketball program , and is coached by Mike Krzyzewski . Duke has won 5 NCAA Championships ( tied with Indiana for fourth all-time behind UCLA , Kentucky and North Carolina ) and appeared in 11 Championship Games ( third all-time ) and 16 Final Fours ( fourth all-time behind North Carolina , UCLA , and Kentucky ) , and has an NCAA-best .755 NCAA tournament winning percentage . Eleven Duke players have been named the National Player of the Year , and 71 players have been selected in the NBA Draft . Additionally , Duke has 36 players named All-Americans ( chosen 60 times ) and 14 Academic All-Americans . Duke has been the Atlantic Coast Conference Champions a record 21 times , and also lays claim to 19 ACC regular season titles . Prior to joining the ACC , Duke won the Southern Conference championships five times . Duke has also finished the season ranked No . 1 in the AP poll seven times and is the all-time leader in total weeks ranked as the number one team in the nation by the AP with 135 weeks . Additionally , the Blue Devils have the third longest streak in the AP Top 25 in history with 200 consecutive appearances from 1996 to 2007 , trailing only UCLA 's 221 consecutive polls from 1966 to 1980 , and Kansas 212 consecutive polls from 2009 to 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(basketball)', 'summary': "There are five position in basketball . These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized basketball teams . They are defined as the point guard ( PG ) , the shooting guard ( SG ) , the small forward ( SF ) , the power forward ( PF ) , and the center ( C ) . The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court . This position requires substantial ball-handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play . The shooting guard , as the name implies , is often the best shooter . As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances , this position tends to also be the best defender on the team . The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when handling the ball . The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots . The power forward and the center are usually called the front-court , often acting as their team 's primary rebounders or shot blockers , or receiving passes to take inside shots . The center is typically the larger of the two ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992-93', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1992–93_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1992-93 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season began in November 1992 and ended with the Final Four at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana . The North Carolina Tar Heels earned their third national championship by defeating the Michigan Wolverines 77-71 on April 5 , 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Calbert Cheaney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calbert_Cheaney', 'summary': "Calbert Nathaniel Cheaney ( born July 17 , 1971 ) is an American basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the College Park Skyhawks of the NBA G League . He starred as a player for the Indiana Hoosiers from 1989-93 under coach Bob Knight . Cheaney ended his career as a three-time All-American and remains the Big Ten 's all-time leading scorer with 2,613 career points . He led Indiana to a 105-27 record and the NCAA Tournament all four years , including a Final Four appearance in 1992 . At the conclusion of his collegiate basketball career Cheaney captured virtually every post-season honor available , including National Player of the Year ( winning both the Wooden and Naismith award ) , a unanimous All-American , and Big Ten Player of the Year . Cheaney spent 13 years in the NBA playing for five different teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Indiana_Hoosiers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Indiana Hoosiers men 's basketball team represents Indiana University Bloomington in NCAA Division I college basketball and competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Hoosiers play on Branch McCracken Court at Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall in Bloomington , Indiana on the Indiana University Bloomington campus . Indiana has won five NCAA Championships in men 's basketball ( 1940 , 1953 , 1976 , 1981 , 1987 ) - the first two under coach Branch McCracken and the latter three under Bob Knight . Indiana 's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men 's basketball champion . The Hoosiers are tied for sixth in NCAA Tournament appearances ( 39 ) , seventh in NCAA Tournament victories ( 66 ) , tied for eighth in Final Four appearances ( 8 ) , and 11th in overall victories . The Hoosiers have won 22 Big Ten Conference Championships and have the best winning percentage in conference games at nearly 60 percent . No team has had more All-Big Ten selections than the Hoosiers with 53 . The Hoosiers also rank seventh in all-time AP poll appearances ( 560 ) and sixth in the number of weeks spent ranked No . 1 ( 54 ) . Every four-year men 's basketball letterman since 1973 has earned a trip to the NCAA basketball tournament . Additionally , every four-year player since 1950 has played on a nationally ranked squad at Indiana . The Hoosiers are among the most storied programs in the history of college basketball ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993-94', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1993–94_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1993-94 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season concluded in the 64-team 1994 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament whose finals were held at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte , North Carolina . The Arkansas Razorbacks earned their first national championship by defeating the Duke Blue Devils 76-72 on April 4 , 1994 . They were coached by Nolan Richardson and the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player was Arkansas ' Corliss Williamson . In the 32-team 1994 National Invitation Tournament , the Villanova Wildcats defeated the Vanderbilt Commodores at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Following the season , the 1994 NCAA Men 's Basketball All-American Consensus First team included Grant Hill , Jason Kidd , Donyell Marshall , Glenn Robinson , and Clifford Rozier ."}]}, {'value': 'Glenn Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenn_Robinson', 'summary': 'Glenn Alan Robinson Jr. ( born January 10 , 1973 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Nicknamed Big Dog , he played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1994 to 2005 for the Milwaukee Bucks , Atlanta Hawks , Philadelphia 76ers , and San Antonio Spurs . Robinson attended Purdue University , was the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA draft , and is the father of Glenn Robinson III , who played college basketball at the University of Michigan and plays in the NBA with the Philadelphia 76ers .'}]}, {'value': 'Purdue', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Purdue_Boilermakers_men's_basketball", 'summary': 'The Purdue Boilermakers basketball team is a college basketball program that competes in NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference . Purdue basketball has the most Big Ten Championships with 24 . The Boilermakers have reached two NCAA Tournament Final Fours . The 1931-32 team was retroactively named the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll . Purdue has sent more than 30 players to the NBA , including two overall No . 1 picks in the NBA draft . Purdue shares a traditional rivalry with in-state foe Indiana University , and leads the series 122-89 .'}]}, {'value': 'SF / PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': 'Sophomore', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994-95', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1994–95_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1994-95 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season concluded in the 64-team 1995 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament whose finals were held at the Kingdome in Seattle , Washington . The UCLA Bruins earned their eleventh national championship by defeating the Arkansas Razorbacks 89-78 on April 3 , 1995 . They were coached by Jim Harrick and the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player was UCLA 's Ed O'Bannon . In the 32-team 1995 National Invitation Tournament , the Virginia Tech Hokies defeated the Marquette Warriors at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Following the season , the 1995 NCAA Men 's Basketball All-American Consensus First team included Ed O'Bannon , Shawn Respert , Joe Smith , Jerry Stackhouse , and Damon Stoudamire ."}]}, {'value': "Ed O'Bannon", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ed_O'Bannon", 'summary': "Edward Charles O'Bannon , Jr. ( born August 14 , 1972 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He was a power forward for the UCLA Bruins on their 1995 NCAA championship team . He was the ninth pick in the 1995 National Basketball Association ( NBA ) Draft , selected by the New Jersey Nets . He spent only two seasons in the NBA , but continued his professional career for another eight years , mainly playing in Europe . O'Bannon is the lead plaintiff in O'Bannon v. NCAA , an antitrust class action lawsuit against the National Collegiate Athletic Association which resulted in the discontinuation of NCAA video games ."}]}, {'value': 'UCLA ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UCLA Bruins men 's basketball program represents the University of California , Los Angeles in the sport of men 's basketball as a member of the Pac-12 Conference . Established in 1919 , the program has won a record 11 NCAA titles . Coach John Wooden led the Bruins to 10 national titles in 12 seasons , from 1964 to 1975 , including seven straight from 1967 to 1973 . UCLA went undefeated a record four times ( 1964 , 1967 , 1972 , and 1973 ) . Coach Jim Harrick led the team to another NCAA title in 1995 . Former coach Ben Howland led UCLA to three consecutive Final Four appearances from 2006 to 2008 . As a member of the AAWU , Pacific-8 and then Pacific-10 , UCLA set a NCAA Division I record with 13 consecutive regular season conference titles between 1967 and 1979 which stood until passed by Kansas in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': 'Senior', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995-96', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/1995–96_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_season", 'summary': "The 1995-96 NCAA Division I men 's basketball season concluded in the 64-team 1996 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament whose finals were held at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford , New Jersey . The Kentucky Wildcats earned their sixth national championship by defeating the Syracuse Orangemen 76-67 on April 1 , 1996 . They were coached by Rick Pitino and the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player was Kentucky 's Tony Delk . In the 32-team 1997 National Invitation Tournament , the Nebraska Cornhuskers defeated the St. Joseph 's Hawks at Madison Square Garden in New York City . Following the season , the 1996 NCAA Men 's Basketball All-American Consensus First team included Ray Allen , Marcus Camby , Tony Delk , Tim Duncan , Allen Iverson , and Kerry Kittles ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcus Camby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcus_Camby', 'summary': "Marcus Dion Camby ( born March 22 , 1974 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played 17 seasons in the National Basketball Association . He was named Defensive Player of the Year during the 2006-07 NBA season , leading the league in blocked shots per game . Camby is also a four-time member of the NBA All-Defensive Team and is 12th on the NBA 's all-time career blocks list ."}]}, {'value': 'UMass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UMass_Minutemen_basketball', 'summary': "The UMass Minutemen basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst , Massachusetts , in NCAA Division I men 's college basketball . They play their home games in the William D. Mullins Memorial Center . The Minutemen currently compete in the Atlantic 10 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': 'Junior', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'John_R._Wooden_Award_0', 'intro': "The John R. Wooden Award is an award given annually to the most outstanding men's and women's college basketball players. The program consists of the men's and women's Player of the Year awards, the Legends of Coaching award and recognizes the All-America Teams. The awards, given by the Los Angeles Athletic Club, are named in honor of John Wooden, the 1932 national collegiate basketball player of the year from Purdue. Wooden later taught and coached men's basketball at Indiana State and UCLA. Coach Wooden, whose teams at UCLA won ten NCAA championships, was the first man to be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player and coach. His 1948 Indiana State team was the NAIB (now NAIA) National Finalist. The award, which was originally given only to male athletes, was first given in 1977. Starting in 2004, the award was extended to women's basketball. Additionally, the Legends of Coaching Award was presented first in 1999. The 2015 presentation was broadcast on ESPN2 and the show was presented by Wendy's at Los Angeles' Club Nokia on Friday, April 10, 2015."}
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Which post-secondary school was attended by the person honored with a John R. Wooden Award in the season ending in 1985 ?
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St. John 's
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ff8f4be9c4427f8f
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_York_Rangers_draft_picks', 'title': 'List of New York Rangers draft picks', 'header': ['Draft', 'Round', 'Pick', 'Player', 'Nationality', 'Pos'], 'data': [{'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1963_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1963 NHL Amateur Draft was held on June 5 at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . It was the first NHL Amateur Draft and consisted of 16-year-old players . The Amateur Draft was instituted by NHL President Clarence Campbell as a means of phasing out the sponsorship of amateur teams by the league 's member clubs . The NHL wanted to create what Campbell called a uniform opportunity for each team to acquire a star player . Prior to the creation of the draft NHL teams would sponsor amateur teams and players , pre-empting other NHL clubs from acquiring new , young talent , and limiting amateur players ' prospects in the NHL to the team which sponsored them . Eligibility in this draft was limited to all amateur players who would reach 17 years of age between August 1 , 1963 , and July 31 , 1964 . Under the league rules , teams were not allowed to talk to the drafted players about turning professional until they turned 18 . At that point , the teams had 72 hours to get the players signed or placed on their negotiation list . Players already on sponsorship lists were ineligible . The draft order was determined by giving the teams choice of their place in the six-team order based on a reverse order of the standings , for example , as the Boston Bruins finished last in the 1962-63 season they were given first choice of pick in the order . The final draft order was chosen to be Montreal Canadiens , Detroit Red Wings , Boston Bruins , New York Rangers , Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs . The order would rotate in the next draft such that each team moved up one spot in the order , and the first pick Canadiens would move to sixth ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Al Osborne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Osborne', 'summary': 'Al Osborne ( born 8 March 1947 in Weston , Ontario ) is a retired professional Canadian ice hockey player who was selected in the first round ( 4th overall ) of the 1963 NHL Amateur Draft . Osborne was a 16-year-old playing junior B hockey in the Weston , Ontario when he was selected fourth overall by the New York Rangers in the first ever NHL amateur draft . He played three seasons ( 1964-67 ) in the Ontario Hockey Association with the Toronto Marlboros before turning professional with the Omaha Knights for the 1967-68 season in the Central Professional Hockey League . He split the following season playing in both the American Hockey League and the Eastern Hockey League where he played with the Buffalo Bisons and Salem Rebels respectively . Osborne continued to play Senior ice hockey the next eight seasons ( 1969-77 ) in the OHA Senior A League where he suited up with the Orillia Terriers , Brantford Foresters , Cambridge Hornets , and Brantford Alexanders .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'RW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1963_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1963 NHL Amateur Draft was held on June 5 at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . It was the first NHL Amateur Draft and consisted of 16-year-old players . The Amateur Draft was instituted by NHL President Clarence Campbell as a means of phasing out the sponsorship of amateur teams by the league 's member clubs . The NHL wanted to create what Campbell called a uniform opportunity for each team to acquire a star player . Prior to the creation of the draft NHL teams would sponsor amateur teams and players , pre-empting other NHL clubs from acquiring new , young talent , and limiting amateur players ' prospects in the NHL to the team which sponsored them . Eligibility in this draft was limited to all amateur players who would reach 17 years of age between August 1 , 1963 , and July 31 , 1964 . Under the league rules , teams were not allowed to talk to the drafted players about turning professional until they turned 18 . At that point , the teams had 72 hours to get the players signed or placed on their negotiation list . Players already on sponsorship lists were ineligible . The draft order was determined by giving the teams choice of their place in the six-team order based on a reverse order of the standings , for example , as the Boston Bruins finished last in the 1962-63 season they were given first choice of pick in the order . The final draft order was chosen to be Montreal Canadiens , Detroit Red Wings , Boston Bruins , New York Rangers , Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs . The order would rotate in the next draft such that each team moved up one spot in the order , and the first pick Canadiens would move to sixth ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terry Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terry_Jones_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Terry Jones ( born August 31 , 1946 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player . Born in 1946 , Jones was selected by the New York Rangers in the second round ( tenth overall ) of the 1963 NHL Amateur Draft . Although he never played in the National Hockey League , he went pro in the Eastern Hockey League with the New Haven Blades , and in the Western International Hockey League with the Nelson Maple Leafs and Trail Smoke Eaters .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1963_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1963 NHL Amateur Draft was held on June 5 at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . It was the first NHL Amateur Draft and consisted of 16-year-old players . The Amateur Draft was instituted by NHL President Clarence Campbell as a means of phasing out the sponsorship of amateur teams by the league 's member clubs . The NHL wanted to create what Campbell called a uniform opportunity for each team to acquire a star player . Prior to the creation of the draft NHL teams would sponsor amateur teams and players , pre-empting other NHL clubs from acquiring new , young talent , and limiting amateur players ' prospects in the NHL to the team which sponsored them . Eligibility in this draft was limited to all amateur players who would reach 17 years of age between August 1 , 1963 , and July 31 , 1964 . Under the league rules , teams were not allowed to talk to the drafted players about turning professional until they turned 18 . At that point , the teams had 72 hours to get the players signed or placed on their negotiation list . Players already on sponsorship lists were ineligible . The draft order was determined by giving the teams choice of their place in the six-team order based on a reverse order of the standings , for example , as the Boston Bruins finished last in the 1962-63 season they were given first choice of pick in the order . The final draft order was chosen to be Montreal Canadiens , Detroit Red Wings , Boston Bruins , New York Rangers , Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs . The order would rotate in the next draft such that each team moved up one spot in the order , and the first pick Canadiens would move to sixth ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Cummins', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'F', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1963_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1963 NHL Amateur Draft was held on June 5 at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . It was the first NHL Amateur Draft and consisted of 16-year-old players . The Amateur Draft was instituted by NHL President Clarence Campbell as a means of phasing out the sponsorship of amateur teams by the league 's member clubs . The NHL wanted to create what Campbell called a uniform opportunity for each team to acquire a star player . Prior to the creation of the draft NHL teams would sponsor amateur teams and players , pre-empting other NHL clubs from acquiring new , young talent , and limiting amateur players ' prospects in the NHL to the team which sponsored them . Eligibility in this draft was limited to all amateur players who would reach 17 years of age between August 1 , 1963 , and July 31 , 1964 . Under the league rules , teams were not allowed to talk to the drafted players about turning professional until they turned 18 . At that point , the teams had 72 hours to get the players signed or placed on their negotiation list . Players already on sponsorship lists were ineligible . The draft order was determined by giving the teams choice of their place in the six-team order based on a reverse order of the standings , for example , as the Boston Bruins finished last in the 1962-63 season they were given first choice of pick in the order . The final draft order was chosen to be Montreal Canadiens , Detroit Red Wings , Boston Bruins , New York Rangers , Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs . The order would rotate in the next draft such that each team moved up one spot in the order , and the first pick Canadiens would move to sixth ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cam Allison', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1964 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . As was the case in the 1963 Draft , amateur players turning 17 years of age between August 1 , 1964 , and July 31 , 1965 , were eligible , if they were not already sponsored by an NHL club . The order of the draft followed the agreement reached in 1963 , where the order was fixed as Red Wings , Bruins , Rangers , Black Hawks , Maple Leafs and Canadiens . Once again each team received four picks , each team having the right to forfeit their selection and pass it to the next team in the order . All picks were exercised this year . Of the 24 players selected only nine played in the NHL . Syl Apps , Jr. , Jim Dorey , Tim Ecclestone and Mike Pelyk went on to have fruitful NHL careers , each playing well over 200 games a piece . However , the steal of this draft was the Bruins ' third pick , 14th overall : Ken Dryden . Dryden made it known to the Bruins that he would elect to play at Cornell University , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree , instead of turning professional . The Bruins traded his negotiation rights to the Canadiens , where he would play seven full seasons and part of an eighth , earning a Conn Smythe Trophy , Calder Memorial Trophy , five Vezina Trophies , five All-Star Game appearances , five First All-Star awards and six Stanley Cups ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Graham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Graham_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Robert Bob Graham ( born October 7 , 1947 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player and coach . He was selected by the New York Rangers in the 1st round ( 3rd overall ) of the 1964 NHL Entry Draft , but never played in the National Hockey League . Graham was born in Montreal , Quebec . Born in 1947 in Montreal , Quebec , Graham began his professional career in 1968 with the Syracuse Blazers of the Eastern Hockey League ( EHL ) . He played the 1968-69 season and part of the 1969-70 season in the EHL before moving on to the OHA Senior A Hockey League where he played until the 1973-74 season . He then continued his career in Europe where he both played and coached . In the early 2000s , Graham served as an assistant coach at the University of Waterloo with the Waterloo Warriors ( OUAA ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1964 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . As was the case in the 1963 Draft , amateur players turning 17 years of age between August 1 , 1964 , and July 31 , 1965 , were eligible , if they were not already sponsored by an NHL club . The order of the draft followed the agreement reached in 1963 , where the order was fixed as Red Wings , Bruins , Rangers , Black Hawks , Maple Leafs and Canadiens . Once again each team received four picks , each team having the right to forfeit their selection and pass it to the next team in the order . All picks were exercised this year . Of the 24 players selected only nine played in the NHL . Syl Apps , Jr. , Jim Dorey , Tim Ecclestone and Mike Pelyk went on to have fruitful NHL careers , each playing well over 200 games a piece . However , the steal of this draft was the Bruins ' third pick , 14th overall : Ken Dryden . Dryden made it known to the Bruins that he would elect to play at Cornell University , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree , instead of turning professional . The Bruins traded his negotiation rights to the Canadiens , where he would play seven full seasons and part of an eighth , earning a Conn Smythe Trophy , Calder Memorial Trophy , five Vezina Trophies , five All-Star Game appearances , five First All-Star awards and six Stanley Cups ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Ecclestone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Ecclestone', 'summary': 'Timothy James Ecclestone ( born September 24 , 1947 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League from 1967 until 1978 . Ecclestone played 692 career NHL games , scoring 126 goals and 233 assists for 359 points . He achieved two 50+ point seasons in his career .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'RW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1964 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . As was the case in the 1963 Draft , amateur players turning 17 years of age between August 1 , 1964 , and July 31 , 1965 , were eligible , if they were not already sponsored by an NHL club . The order of the draft followed the agreement reached in 1963 , where the order was fixed as Red Wings , Bruins , Rangers , Black Hawks , Maple Leafs and Canadiens . Once again each team received four picks , each team having the right to forfeit their selection and pass it to the next team in the order . All picks were exercised this year . Of the 24 players selected only nine played in the NHL . Syl Apps , Jr. , Jim Dorey , Tim Ecclestone and Mike Pelyk went on to have fruitful NHL careers , each playing well over 200 games a piece . However , the steal of this draft was the Bruins ' third pick , 14th overall : Ken Dryden . Dryden made it known to the Bruins that he would elect to play at Cornell University , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree , instead of turning professional . The Bruins traded his negotiation rights to the Canadiens , where he would play seven full seasons and part of an eighth , earning a Conn Smythe Trophy , Calder Memorial Trophy , five Vezina Trophies , five All-Star Game appearances , five First All-Star awards and six Stanley Cups ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordon Lowe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': "The 1964 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . As was the case in the 1963 Draft , amateur players turning 17 years of age between August 1 , 1964 , and July 31 , 1965 , were eligible , if they were not already sponsored by an NHL club . The order of the draft followed the agreement reached in 1963 , where the order was fixed as Red Wings , Bruins , Rangers , Black Hawks , Maple Leafs and Canadiens . Once again each team received four picks , each team having the right to forfeit their selection and pass it to the next team in the order . All picks were exercised this year . Of the 24 players selected only nine played in the NHL . Syl Apps , Jr. , Jim Dorey , Tim Ecclestone and Mike Pelyk went on to have fruitful NHL careers , each playing well over 200 games a piece . However , the steal of this draft was the Bruins ' third pick , 14th overall : Ken Dryden . Dryden made it known to the Bruins that he would elect to play at Cornell University , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree , instead of turning professional . The Bruins traded his negotiation rights to the Canadiens , where he would play seven full seasons and part of an eighth , earning a Conn Smythe Trophy , Calder Memorial Trophy , five Vezina Trophies , five All-Star Game appearances , five First All-Star awards and six Stanley Cups ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Syl Apps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syl_Apps,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Sylvanus Marshall Apps Jr. ( born August 1 , 1947 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played 10 seasons in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers , Los Angeles Kings and Pittsburgh Penguins . Apps was born in Toronto , Ontario . He was the son of Hockey Hall of Fame member Syl Apps .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1965_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1965 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . For the first time the eligibility rules were changed for the 1965 Draft . The minimum age criterion was increased , to 18 from 16 years . Clubs were not permitted to begin negotiations with the selected players until they reached 19 years of age , and the date from which they were ineligible due to being on club sponsorship lists was pushed back from May 23 to April 1 . The NHL also reached an agreement with the AHL , CHL and WHL , allowing their clubs to participate in the draft . After the NHL clubs made their selections the clubs from the other three leagues were permitted to make their own selections . Each AHL and WHL club was allowed three picks , while each CHL team was allowed two . The general consensus on the part of each participatory club was that the talent pool from which to draft was exceptionally poor . The majority of amateur players falling within the new age rules had already been sponsored , if not turned professional . A paltry 11 picks were made , which to this date remains the lowest ever in an NHL Draft . Only two players played in the NHL : Pierre Bouchard and Michel Parizeau . The pool of available player talent was considered so poor that the Toronto Maple Leafs elected not to participate whatsoever .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andre Veilleux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Veilleux', 'summary': 'André Veilleux is a former ice hockey player . He was the first overall pick in the 1965 NHL Amateur Draft , picked by the New York Rangers , but he never played professional hockey .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'RW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1965_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1965 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . For the first time the eligibility rules were changed for the 1965 Draft . The minimum age criterion was increased , to 18 from 16 years . Clubs were not permitted to begin negotiations with the selected players until they reached 19 years of age , and the date from which they were ineligible due to being on club sponsorship lists was pushed back from May 23 to April 1 . The NHL also reached an agreement with the AHL , CHL and WHL , allowing their clubs to participate in the draft . After the NHL clubs made their selections the clubs from the other three leagues were permitted to make their own selections . Each AHL and WHL club was allowed three picks , while each CHL team was allowed two . The general consensus on the part of each participatory club was that the talent pool from which to draft was exceptionally poor . The majority of amateur players falling within the new age rules had already been sponsored , if not turned professional . A paltry 11 picks were made , which to this date remains the lowest ever in an NHL Draft . Only two players played in the NHL : Pierre Bouchard and Michel Parizeau . The pool of available player talent was considered so poor that the Toronto Maple Leafs elected not to participate whatsoever .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Surmay', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1965_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1965 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . For the first time the eligibility rules were changed for the 1965 Draft . The minimum age criterion was increased , to 18 from 16 years . Clubs were not permitted to begin negotiations with the selected players until they reached 19 years of age , and the date from which they were ineligible due to being on club sponsorship lists was pushed back from May 23 to April 1 . The NHL also reached an agreement with the AHL , CHL and WHL , allowing their clubs to participate in the draft . After the NHL clubs made their selections the clubs from the other three leagues were permitted to make their own selections . Each AHL and WHL club was allowed three picks , while each CHL team was allowed two . The general consensus on the part of each participatory club was that the talent pool from which to draft was exceptionally poor . The majority of amateur players falling within the new age rules had already been sponsored , if not turned professional . A paltry 11 picks were made , which to this date remains the lowest ever in an NHL Draft . Only two players played in the NHL : Pierre Bouchard and Michel Parizeau . The pool of available player talent was considered so poor that the Toronto Maple Leafs elected not to participate whatsoever .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michel Parizeau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michel_Parizeau', 'summary': 'Michel Gérard Parizeau ( born April 9 , 1948 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger and head coach who played two seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the St. Louis Blues and Philadelphia Flyers . Parizeau also played eight seasons in the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) for the Quebec Nordiques , Indianapolis Racers and Cincinnati Stingers .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'LW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1966 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brad Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brad_Park', 'summary': "Douglas Bradford Brad Park ( born July 6 , 1948 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player . A defenceman , Park played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the New York Rangers , Boston Bruins and Detroit Red Wings . Considered one of the best defencemen of his generation , and named to the all-star team several times , the best years of his career were overshadowed by superstar Bobby Orr , who was briefly his teammate . He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1988 . In 2017 Park was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1966 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joey Johnston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joey_Johnston', 'summary': "Joseph John Johnston ( born March 3 , 1949 ) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former professional player . Johnston played 331 games in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . Johnston was recently a coach for the Douro Dukes of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League . Born in Peterborough , Ontario , Canada , he played in the 1961 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with his hometown youth team . He played junior hockey for the Peterborough Petes from 1964 to 1967 . His play attracted the attention of the New York Rangers who selected him eighth in the 1966 Amateur Draft . He made his professional debut with the Rangers ' American Hockey League affiliate Omaha Knights but was traded to the Minnesota North Stars in a trade for Dave Balon . Johnston started his NHL career with the Minnesota North Stars in 1968 , but spent most of his time in the minors until 1971-72 , when he became a front-line player for the California Golden Seals . His high-water mark came during the 1972-73 season through 1973-74 season , when for a Golden Seals team savaged by defections to the World Hockey Association he rose to the forefront , leading the team in goals both seasons with 27 and 28 respectively and being named to play in the NHL All-Star Game in 1973 , 1974 and 1975 . As virtually the Seals ' only star , he was named team captain in the fall of 1973 . However , his production in the 1974-75 season was half that of the year before , and he was traded to the Chicago Black Hawks in June 1975 . In August of that year , Johnston was injured in a car crash ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'LW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1966 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Luce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Luce', 'summary': 'Donald Harold Luce ( born October 2 , 1948 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre , executive and scout . Luce played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the New York Rangers , Detroit Red Wings , Buffalo Sabres , Los Angeles Kings and Toronto Maple Leafs from 1969 to 1982 . After his playing career , Luce moved into a long career in player development for the Sabres and the Philadelphia Flyers . He is currently working as a pro scout for the Toronto Maple Leafs .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1966 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Mount Royal Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack Egers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_Egers', 'summary': 'John Richard Jack Egers ( born January 28 , 1949 ) is a Canadian retired ice hockey right winger . Originally drafted in 1966 by the New York Rangers , Egers would also play for the St. Louis Blues and Washington Capitals . Egers is an original member of the Capitals , who claimed him in the 1974 NHL Expansion Draft . He holds the distinction of scoring the first game-winning goal for the team , on October 17 , 1974 , against the Chicago Black Hawks . Egers is a retired captain for the Kitchener Fire Department .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'RW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1967_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1967 NHL Amateur Draft was held June 7 , 1967 , the day after the 1967 Expansion Draft , at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Dickson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Dickson_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Bob Dickson ( born November 11 , 1947 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player . He was selected by the New York Rangers in the first round ( sixth overall ) of the 1967 NHL Amateur Draft , but never played in the National Hockey League .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'LW', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1967_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1967 NHL Amateur Draft was held June 7 , 1967 , the day after the 1967 Expansion Draft , at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brian Tosh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1968 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barry Buchanan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1969_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1969 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . This draft is notable for being the first NHL draft to be conducted after the league ended direct sponsorship of junior hockey .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andre Dupont', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Dupont', 'summary': "André Moose Dupont ( born July 27 , 1949 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) with the New York Rangers , St. Louis Blues , Philadelphia Flyers and Quebec Nordiques . He won back-to-back Stanley Cups while a member of Philadelphia 's Broad Street Bullies teams in the mid-1970s ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1969_NHL_Amateur_Draft', 'summary': 'The 1969 NHL Amateur Draft was held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal , Quebec . This draft is notable for being the first NHL draft to be conducted after the league ended direct sponsorship of junior hockey .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pierre Jarry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pierre_Jarry', 'summary': 'Pierre Joseph Raynald Jarry ( born March 30 , 1949 in Montreal , Quebec ) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 344 games in the National Hockey League and 18 games in the World Hockey Association . He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs , New York Rangers , Minnesota North Stars , Detroit Red Wings , and Edmonton Oilers .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'LW', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Draft picks', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_New_York_Rangers_draft_picks_0', 'intro': 'This is a complete list of ice hockey players who were drafted in the National Hockey League Entry Draft by the New York Rangers franchise. It includes every player who was drafted, regardless of whether they played for the team.'}
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How many players were born in the month of August ?
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2
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ff8f5fb9cf2436cb
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Carolina_Pirates_baseball', 'title': 'East Carolina Pirates baseball', 'header': ['Year', 'Record', 'Pct', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1964 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1964 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its eighteenth year . Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative . These events would later become known as regionals . Each district had its own format for selecting teams , resulting in 21 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The College World Series was held in Omaha , NE from June 8 to June 18 . The eighteenth tournament 's champion was Minnesota , coached by Dick Siebert . The Most Outstanding Player was Joe Ferris of third place Maine ."}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to North Carolina in the District 3 Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels', 'summary': 'The North Carolina Tar Heels are the athletic teams representing the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The name Tar Heel is a nickname used to refer to individuals from the state of North Carolina , the Tar Heel State . The campus at Chapel Hill is referred to as the University of North Carolina for the purposes of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was chartered in 1789 , and in 1795 it became the first state-supported university in the United States . Since the school fostered the oldest collegiate team in the Carolinas , the school took on the nickname Carolina , especially in athletics . The Tar Heels are also referred to as North Carolina , UNC , or The Heels . The female athletic teams are sometimes referred to as Lady Tar Heels . The mascot of the Tar Heels is Rameses , a Dorset Ram . It is represented as either a live Dorset sheep with its horns painted Carolina Blue , or as a costumed character performed by a volunteer from the student body , usually an undergraduate student associated with the cheerleading team . Carolina has won 45 NCAA Division I team national championships in seven different sports , eighth all-time , and 52 individual national championships .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1966_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1966 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1966 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its twentieth year . Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative . These events would later become known as regionals . Each district had its own format for selecting teams , resulting in 28 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The twentieth tournament 's champion was Ohio State , coached by Marty Karow . The Most Outstanding Player was Steve Arlin of Ohio State ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to North Carolina in the District 3 Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels', 'summary': 'The North Carolina Tar Heels are the athletic teams representing the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The name Tar Heel is a nickname used to refer to individuals from the state of North Carolina , the Tar Heel State . The campus at Chapel Hill is referred to as the University of North Carolina for the purposes of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was chartered in 1789 , and in 1795 it became the first state-supported university in the United States . Since the school fostered the oldest collegiate team in the Carolinas , the school took on the nickname Carolina , especially in athletics . The Tar Heels are also referred to as North Carolina , UNC , or The Heels . The female athletic teams are sometimes referred to as Lady Tar Heels . The mascot of the Tar Heels is Rameses , a Dorset Ram . It is represented as either a live Dorset sheep with its horns painted Carolina Blue , or as a costumed character performed by a volunteer from the student body , usually an undergraduate student associated with the cheerleading team . Carolina has won 45 NCAA Division I team national championships in seven different sports , eighth all-time , and 52 individual national championships .'}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1968 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1968 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its twenty-second year . Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative . These events would later become known as regionals . Each district had its own format for selecting teams , resulting in 27 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The twenty-second tournament 's champion was the Southern California , coached by Rod Dedeaux . The Most Outstanding Player was Bill Seinsoth of the Southern California ."}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Florida State in the District 3 Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_Seminoles', 'summary': "The Florida State Seminoles are the athletic teams representing Florida State University located in Tallahassee , Florida . They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level ( Football Bowl Subdivision sub-level for football ) , primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) for all sports since the 1991-92 season ; within the Atlantic Division in any sports split into a divisional format since the 2005-06 season . The Seminoles ' athletic department fields 20 teams . They have collectively won 19 team national championships , and over 100 team conference championships , as well as numerous individual national and conference titles ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1970_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1970 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1970 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its twenty-fourth year . Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative . These events would later become known as regionals . Each district had its own format for selecting teams , resulting in 26 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The twenty-fourth tournament 's champion was the Southern California , coached by Rod Dedeaux . The Most Outstanding Player was Gene Ammann of Florida State ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Mississippi State in the District 3 Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mississippi_State_Bulldogs', 'summary': 'Mississippi State Bulldogs is the name given to the athletic teams of Mississippi State University , in Starkville , Mississippi . The university is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and competes in NCAA Division I .'}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1974_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1974 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1974 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its twenty-eighth year . Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative . These events would later become known as regionals . Each district had its own format for selecting teams , resulting in 28 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The twenty-eighth tournament 's champion was Southern California , coached by Rod Dedeaux . The Most Outstanding Player was George Milke of Southern California ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to South Carolina in the District 3 Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks represent the University of South Carolina in the NCAA Division I . This moniker is in honor of Thomas Sumter , a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina who was nicknamed the Carolina Gamecock after British General Banastre Tarleton said Sumter fought like a gamecock . While the men 's teams were traditionally known as the Fighting Gamecocks and the women 's teams were previously known as the Lady Gamecocks , this distinction was discontinued in part to eliminate any gender bias in the athletic department and in part to counter misconceptions about the gamecock mascot endorsing bloodsport . All of the University 's varsity teams compete at the Division I level of the NCAA , and all but men 's soccer and women 's beach volleyball compete in the Southeastern Conference . Men 's soccer competes in Conference USA and women 's beach volleyball competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association because the SEC does not sponsor those sports . The athletic department is supported with private money from the Gamecock Club . It was originally formed as the B.A.M . ( Buck-A-Month ) Club in 1939 and 1940 to benefit the athletic programs from privately raised funds . The university 's athletic programs have earned ten national team titles and produced many Olympians . Tim Brando ( formerly of CBS Sports ) was quoted as saying , You wo n't find any more loyal fans in the country than those who follow the South Carolina Gamecocks ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1977_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1977 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1977 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its thirty first year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Seven regions held a four team , double-elimination tournament while one region included six teams , resulting in 34 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The thirty-first tournament 's champion was Arizona State , coached by Jim Brock . The Most Outstanding Player was Bob Horner of Arizona State ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to South Carolina in the Atlantic Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks represent the University of South Carolina in the NCAA Division I . This moniker is in honor of Thomas Sumter , a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina who was nicknamed the Carolina Gamecock after British General Banastre Tarleton said Sumter fought like a gamecock . While the men 's teams were traditionally known as the Fighting Gamecocks and the women 's teams were previously known as the Lady Gamecocks , this distinction was discontinued in part to eliminate any gender bias in the athletic department and in part to counter misconceptions about the gamecock mascot endorsing bloodsport . All of the University 's varsity teams compete at the Division I level of the NCAA , and all but men 's soccer and women 's beach volleyball compete in the Southeastern Conference . Men 's soccer competes in Conference USA and women 's beach volleyball competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association because the SEC does not sponsor those sports . The athletic department is supported with private money from the Gamecock Club . It was originally formed as the B.A.M . ( Buck-A-Month ) Club in 1939 and 1940 to benefit the athletic programs from privately raised funds . The university 's athletic programs have earned ten national team titles and produced many Olympians . Tim Brando ( formerly of CBS Sports ) was quoted as saying , You wo n't find any more loyal fans in the country than those who follow the South Carolina Gamecocks ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1980 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1980 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its thirty fourth year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Seven regions held a four team , double-elimination tournament while one region included six teams , resulting in 34 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The thirty-fourth tournament 's champion was Arizona , coached by Jerry Kindall . The Most Outstanding Player was Terry Francona of the Arizona ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Maine in the Northeast Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maine_Black_Bears', 'summary': "The Maine Black Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of Maine . A member of the America East Conference , the University of Maine sponsors teams in eight men 's and nine women 's NCAA sanctioned sports . The men 's and women 's ice hockey teams are members of Hockey East , and the football team is an associate member of the Colonial Athletic Association ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1982 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1982 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its thirty sixth year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Six regions held a four team , double-elimination tournament while two regions included six teams , resulting in 36 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The thirty-sixth tournament 's champion was Miami ( FL ) , coached by Ron Fraser . The Most Outstanding Player was Dan Smith of Miami ( FL ) ."}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to West Virginia in the East Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Virginia_Mountaineers', 'summary': "The West Virginia Mountaineers are the athletic teams that represent West Virginia University , an American university located in Morgantown , West Virginia . The school is a member of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I . The Mountaineers have been a member of the Big 12 Conference since 2012 . At that time , the Mountaineers joined the Mid-American Conference as an affiliate member for men 's soccer . The two major sports at the university are football ( played at Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium ) and basketball ( played at the WVU Coliseum ) , although many of the other sports have large followings as well . [ citation needed ] Currently , WVU sponsors seven men 's sports , ten women 's sports , and one coeducational sport ( rifle ) . Men 's golf was the latest sport to be added in the 2015-16 school year ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1984 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1984 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its thirty eighth year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Six regions held a four team , double-elimination tournament while two regions included six teams , resulting in 36 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The thirty-eighth tournament 's champion was Cal State Fullerton , coached by Augie Garrido . The Most Outstanding Player was John Fishel of Cal State Fullerton ."}]}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to South Alabama in the South Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Alabama_Jaguars', 'summary': "The South Alabama Jaguars represent the University of South Alabama in NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics . USA competes in the Sun Belt Conference ; it is the conference 's only remaining charter member from its inception . USA 's athletics teams are nicknamed the Jaguars . Popular sports are baseball and men 's basketball . USA sponsors 8 men 's sports teams and 9 women 's sports teams . The board of trustees recently voted to start a football program that began play in the fall of 2009 . South Alabama has Sun Belt rivalries with all of the East Division schools ( Appalachian State , Coastal Carolina , Georgia State , Georgia Southern , and Troy ) . South Alabama 's main Sun Belt rivals are Georgia State and Troy . Men 's Sports : basketball , baseball , cross country , golf , tennis , indoor and outdoor track and field , football ( FCS Independent 2011-2012 , Full Sun Belt Conference play by 2013 ) Women 's Sports : basketball , softball , cross country , golf , tennis , indoor and outdoor track and field , volleyball , soccer Though not officially recognized by the administration the students of The University of South Alabama maintain a multi-sport battle cry South in your Mouth . It is used widely across the school through primarily heard in reference to football and basketball . USA formerly used Lady Jaguars for its women 's teams , but by the 2012-13 school year , only the women 's basketball team was using Lady Jaguars , and starting with the 2013-14 school year , that team also became simply the Jaguars ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1987 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1987 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty first year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-first tournament 's champion was Stanford , coached by Mark Marquess . The Most Outstanding Player was Paul Carey of Stanford ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Central Michigan in the Atlantic Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Michigan_Chippewas', 'summary': "The Central Michigan Chippewas are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Central Michigan University ( CMU ) , located in Mount Pleasant , Michigan . The school fields sixteen men 's and women 's intercollegiate teams that compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level . CMU was a member of the Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference from 1950 to 1970 . The school 's athletics programs are affiliated with the NCAA and compete in the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) with the exception of women 's lacrosse , which competes in the Southern Conference . The school colors are maroon and gold , and the school , and its students and alumni are referred to as Chippewas which is sometimes shortened to Chips . The nickname is used with consent of the nearby Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe . The university was placed on the NCAA 's list of schools with hostile or abusive nicknames in August 2005 , but appealed the decision , with the support of the Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation . On September 2 , 2005 the university announced that their appeal of the decision had been upheld ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1989 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1989 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty third year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-third tournament 's champion was Wichita State , coached by Gene Stephenson . The Most Outstanding Player was Greg Brummett of Wichita State ."}]}, {'value': '0-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Villanova in the East Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Villanova_Wildcats', 'summary': 'The Villanova Wildcats are the athletic teams of Villanova University . They compete in the Big East ( NCAA Division I ) for every sport except football and where they compete in the Colonial Athletic Association ( Football Championship Subdivision , formerly Division I-AA , for football only ) . On December 15 , 2012 , Villanova and the other six Catholic , non-FBS schools announced that they were departing the Big East for a new conference . This conference assumed the Big East name on July 1 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1990 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1990 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty fourth year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-fourth tournament 's champion was Georgia , coached by Steve Webber . The Most Outstanding Player was Mike Rebhan of Georgia ."}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to N.C. State in the East Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NC_State_Wolfpack', 'summary': "The NC State Wolfpack is the nickname of the athletic teams representing North Carolina State University . The Wolfpack competes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for college football ) as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) for all sports since the 1953-54 season . The athletic teams of the Wolfpack compete in 23 intercollegiate varsity sports . NC State is a founding member of the ACC and has won eight national championships : two NCAA championships , two AIAW championships , and four titles under other sanctioning bodies . Most NC State fans and athletes recognize the rivalry with the North Carolina Tar Heels as their biggest . The primary logo for NC State athletics is a red block 'S ' with an inscribed ' N ' and ' C ' . The block S has been in use since 1890 but has seen many alterations through the years . The color red was adopted from the state bird , the cardinal . It became the sole logo for all NC State athletic teams in 2000 and was modernized to its current design in 2006 . NC State athletic teams are nicknamed the 'wolfpack ' . The name was adopted in 1921 when a disgruntled fan described the behavior of some of the school 's football players as being as unruly as a pack of wolves . Prior to the adoption of the current nickname , North Carolina State athletic teams went by such names as the Aggies , the Techs , the Red Terrors , and Farmers ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1991 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1991 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty fifth year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-fifth tournament 's champion was LSU , coached by Skip Bertman . The Most Outstanding Player was Gary Hymel of LSU ."}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Ohio State in the Midwest Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes', 'summary': "The Ohio State Buckeyes are the athletic teams that represent Ohio State University , located in Columbus , Ohio . The athletic programs are named after the colloquial term for people from the state of Ohio and after the state tree , the Ohio Buckeye . The Buckeyes participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I in all sports and the Big Ten Conference in most sports . The Ohio State women 's ice hockey team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . The school colors are scarlet and gray . Ohio State 's mascot is Brutus Buckeye . Ohio State is one of only six universities to have won a NCAA national championship in baseball and men 's basketball , and be recognized as a national champion in football . Ohio State has also won national championships in men 's swimming & diving , men 's outdoor track & field , men 's volleyball , men 's golf , men 's gymnastics , men 's fencing , women 's rowing , co-ed fencing , co-ed and women 's pistol , synchronized swimming , and wrestling . Since the inception of the Athletic Director 's Cup , Ohio State has finished in the top 25 each year , including top 6 finishes in three of the last five years . During the 2005-2006 school year Ohio State became the first Big Ten team to win conference championships in football , men 's basketball and women 's basketball in the same season . They repeated this feat in the 2006-2007 season , which also included a February 25 , 2007 men 's basketball game which saw the Buckeyes defeat the Wisconsin Badgers in the Big Ten 's first basketball game between the number one and number two ranked squads in the nation . A few of the many outstanding sports figures who were student athletes at Ohio State include Jesse Owens , The Buckeye Bullet , ( track and field ) , John Havlicek , Jerry Lucas , and Katie Smith ( basketball ) , Frank Howard ( baseball ) , Jack Nicklaus ( golf ) , Archie Griffin ( football running back , the only two-time Heisman Trophy winner ) , and Chic Harley ( three-time All-American football running back ) ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1993 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1993 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty seventh year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-seventh tournament 's champion was LSU , coached by Skip Bertman . The Most Outstanding Player was Todd Walker of LSU ."}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Ohio State in the Atlantic Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes', 'summary': "The Ohio State Buckeyes are the athletic teams that represent Ohio State University , located in Columbus , Ohio . The athletic programs are named after the colloquial term for people from the state of Ohio and after the state tree , the Ohio Buckeye . The Buckeyes participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I in all sports and the Big Ten Conference in most sports . The Ohio State women 's ice hockey team competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association ( WCHA ) . The school colors are scarlet and gray . Ohio State 's mascot is Brutus Buckeye . Ohio State is one of only six universities to have won a NCAA national championship in baseball and men 's basketball , and be recognized as a national champion in football . Ohio State has also won national championships in men 's swimming & diving , men 's outdoor track & field , men 's volleyball , men 's golf , men 's gymnastics , men 's fencing , women 's rowing , co-ed fencing , co-ed and women 's pistol , synchronized swimming , and wrestling . Since the inception of the Athletic Director 's Cup , Ohio State has finished in the top 25 each year , including top 6 finishes in three of the last five years . During the 2005-2006 school year Ohio State became the first Big Ten team to win conference championships in football , men 's basketball and women 's basketball in the same season . They repeated this feat in the 2006-2007 season , which also included a February 25 , 2007 men 's basketball game which saw the Buckeyes defeat the Wisconsin Badgers in the Big Ten 's first basketball game between the number one and number two ranked squads in the nation . A few of the many outstanding sports figures who were student athletes at Ohio State include Jesse Owens , The Buckeye Bullet , ( track and field ) , John Havlicek , Jerry Lucas , and Katie Smith ( basketball ) , Frank Howard ( baseball ) , Jack Nicklaus ( golf ) , Archie Griffin ( football running back , the only two-time Heisman Trophy winner ) , and Chic Harley ( three-time All-American football running back ) ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 1999 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1999 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament was expanded to 64 teams for 1999 , adding a Super Regional . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its fifty third year . Sixteen regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event , with each winner advancing to a best of three series against another regional champion for the right to play in the College World Series . Each region was composed of four teams , resulting in 64 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The fifty-third tournament 's champion was Miami ( FL ) , coached by Jim Morris . The Most Outstanding Player was Marshall McDougall of Florida State University ."}]}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to LSU in the Baton Rouge Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers and Lady Tigers are the athletic teams representing Louisiana State University ( LSU ) , a public four-year coeducational university located in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . LSU competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as a member of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Based on winning percentage , the university 's athletics program is consistently one of the best in the nation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Baton Rouge ( /ˌbætən ˈruːʒ/ BAT-ən ROOZH ; from French , meaning 'red stick ' ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana . Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River , it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish , the most populous parish in Louisiana . It is the 99th most populous city in the United States , and second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans . It is also the 16th most populous state capital . As of the U.S. Census Bureau 's July 2018 estimate , Baton Rouge had a population of 221,599 , down from 229,493 at the 2010 census . Baton Rouge is the center of Greater Baton Rouge , the second-largest metropolitan area in Louisiana , with a population of 834,159 as of 2017 , up from 802,484 in 2010 and 829,719 in 2015 . The city of Baton Rouge is a major industrial , petrochemical , medical , research , motion picture , and growing technology center of the American South . It is the location of Louisiana State University , the LSU System 's flagship university and the largest institution of higher education in the state . It is also the location of Southern University , the flagship institution of the Southern University System , the only historically black college system in the nation . The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the 10th-largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped , and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships . This , as well as its status as a major port city , is largely due to the Huey P. Long - O.K . Allen Bridge , which was intentionally constructed under the governorship of Huey Long at a low height , preventing big tankers from making their way up-river , past Baton Rouge ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2000 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 2000 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its fifty fourth year . Sixteen regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event , with each winner advancing to a best of three series against another regional champion for the right to play in the College World Series . Each region was composed of four teams , resulting in 64 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The fifty-fourth tournament 's champion was LSU , coached by Skip Bertman . The Most Outstanding Player was Trey Hodges of LSU ."}]}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Louisiana-Lafayette in the Lafayette Regional', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Louisiana-Lafayette_Ragin'_Cajuns_baseball", 'summary': "The Louisiana Ragin ' Cajuns baseball team is the college baseball team of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette . The Ragin ' Cajuns baseball team competes in NCAA Division I in the Sun Belt Conference . They play their home games on campus at M. L. Tigue Moore Field at Russo Park and were coached by head coach Tony Robichaux , until his death on July 3 , 2019 . Matt Deggs was named the new head coach on July 17 , 2019 and 2020 will mark his first season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana', 'summary': 'Lafayette ( /ˌlɑːfiːˈɛt , ˌlæf-/ , French : [ lafajɛt ] ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafayette Parish , Louisiana , located along the Vermilion River in the southwestern part of the state . The city of Lafayette is the fourth-largest in the state , with a population of 126,143 according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates . It is the principal city of the Lafayette , Louisiana Metropolitan Statistical Area , with a 2015 estimated population of 490,488 . The larger trade area or Combined Statistical Area of Lafayette-Opelousas-Morgan City CSA was 627,146 in 2015 . Its nickname is The Hub City .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2001 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 2001 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its fifty fifth year . Sixteen regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event , with each winner advancing to a best of three series against another regional champion for the right to play in the College World Series . Each region was composed of four teams , resulting in 64 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The fifty-fifth tournament 's champion was Miami ( FL ) , coached by Jim Morris . The Most Outstanding Player was Charlton Jimerson of Miami ( FL ) ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Won Wilson Regional ; Lost to Tennessee in the Kinston Super Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilson,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Wilson is a city in and the county seat of Wilson County , North Carolina , United States . Located approximately 40 mi ( 64 km ) east of the capital city of Raleigh , it is served by the interchange of Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 264 . Wilson had an estimated population of 49,329 in 2018 , according to the U.S. Census Bureau , and is also an anchor city of the Rocky Mount-Wilson-Roanoke Rapids CSA , with a total population of 297,726 as of 2018 . In the early 21st century , Wilson was ranked as 18th in size among North Carolinas 500-plus municipalities . From 1990 to 2010 , the city population increased by more than 40 percent , primarily due to construction of new subdivisions that attracted many new residents . This has been accompanied by new retail and shopping construction , primarily in the northwestern parts of the city . Wilson is a diverse community ; in 2012 , the US Census estimated that 48% of the population identified as African American , and 43% as Whites ; the remaining 9% includes Latinos and Asians , such as Vietnamese , Chinese and Indian groups . The U.S. Census Bureau estimated in 2012 that nearly 5,000 county residents ( 7.5 percent ) were foreign-born . Of those , nearly 3,000 people , or 62 percent , had entered the U.S. since 2000 . Once a center of tobacco cultivation , the city was widely known as The Worlds Greatest Tobacco Market in the nineteenth century . In the 21st century , Wilson enjoys a diverse economy based on agriculture , manufacturing , commercial , and service businesses .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers', 'summary': "The Tennessee Volunteers and Lady Volunteers are the 20 male and female varsity intercollegiate athletics programs that represent the University of Tennessee in Knoxville , Tennessee . The Volunteers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as a member of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . In December 2017 , former Tennessee football coach Phillip Fulmer was introduced as Tennessee 's new athletic director . Fulmer gained the position after a tumultuous football coaching search led to the dismissal of then-AD John Currie . Men 's and women 's teams with the exception of women 's basketball are called the Volunteers ( often shortened to Vols ) The Tennessee women 's basketball team is called the Lady Volunteers ( Lady Vols ) . These names come from the nickname of Tennessee , The Volunteer State ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kinston,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Kinston is a city in Lenoir County , North Carolina with a population of 21,677 as of the 2010 Census . It has been the county seat of Lenoir County since its formation in 1791 . Kinston is located in the coastal plains region of Eastern North Carolina . In 2009 , Kinston won the All-America City Award . This marks the second time in twenty-one years the city has won the title , the last time being in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2002 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 2002 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its fifty sixth year . Sixteen regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event , with each winner advancing to a best of three series against another regional champion for the right to play in the College World Series . Each region was composed of four teams , resulting in 64 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The fifty-sixth tournament 's champion was Texas , coached by Augie Garrido . This was Texas ' first title since 1983 , but Augie Garrido previously won three titles with Cal State Fullerton . The Most Outstanding Player was Huston Street of Texas . Due to fears over terrorism and travel security in the wake of the September 11 attacks , the Division I Baseball Committee , which selects the 64-team field and places the teams on the bracket , was ordered by the NCAA to keep regional pairings as localized as possible , in order to minimize the number of plane trips utilized . Due to these travel constraints , teams from the same conference were allowed to play in the same regional for the first time . An example of the travel restrictions came from the regional in Baton Rouge , Louisiana , featuring four schools from the Bayou State which are located a total of 130 miles ( 210 km ) apart along Interstate 10 , the first time ( and to date , last ) a regional has been entirely an in-state affair outside California , Florida , and Texas . The travel restrictions were eased in 2003 , and the ban on conference teams facing each other in regional play was reinstated ."}]}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Clemson in the Clemson Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clemson_Tigers', 'summary': "The Clemson Tigers are the athletic teams that represent Clemson University , located in Clemson , South Carolina . They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level ( Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) sub-level for football ) , primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) for all sports since the 1953-54 season . Clemson competes for and has won multiple NCAA Division I national championships in various sports , including football , men 's soccer , and men 's golf . In 1896 , football coach Walter Riggs came to Clemson , then Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina , from Auburn University . He had always admired the Princeton Tigers , and hence gave Clemson the Tiger mascot . The Clemson Tigers field seventeen athletic teams . The South Carolina Gamecocks are Clemson 's in-state athletic rival . The two institutions compete against each other in many sports , but the annual football game receives the most attention . Clemson 's main rivals within the Atlantic Coast Conference are Georgia Tech and Florida State ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Clemson,_South_Carolina', 'summary': 'Clemson ( /ˈklɛmp.sən , ˈklɛm.zən/ [ note a ] ) is a city in Pickens and Anderson counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina . Clemson is home to Clemson University ; in 2015 , the Princeton Review cited the town of Clemson as ranking # 1 in the United States for town-and-gown relations with its resident university . The population of the city was 13,905 at the 2010 census . Clemson is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson , South Carolina Combined Statistical Area . Most of the city is in Pickens County , which is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area . A small portion is in Anderson County , which is part of the Anderson Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': 'The 2003 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was held May 30 through June 23 , 2003 . Sixty-four NCAA Division I college baseball teams met after having played their way through a regular season , and for some , a conference tournament , to play in the NCAA Tournament . The tournament culminated with 8 teams in the College World Series at historic Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha , Nebraska . ESPN , which held the rights to the College World Series , began televising super regional games in 2003 . As part of the contract with ESPN , four super regionals would begin on Friday and run through Sunday , while the other four super regionals would begin Saturday and run through Monday . The 2003 College World Series saw a format change and the championship was decided by a best-of-three series . From 1947 through 1988 , the College World Series was a true double elimination tournament . From 1989 through 2002 , there were two double elimination pools , with the winner of each facing off in a one game championship . In the 2003 championship series , Rice defeated Stanford two games to one . John Hudgins became the 16th player to win the College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award from a losing team .'}]}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.333', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lost to Stetson in the Atlanta Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stetson_Hatters', 'summary': 'The Stetson Hatters are composed of 18 teams representing Stetson University in intercollegiate athletics . The Hatters compete in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and are members of the Atlantic Sun Conference for most sports , except for the football team , which competes in the Pioneer Football League .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia', 'summary': "Atlanta ( /ætˈlæntə/ ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia . With an estimated 2018 population of 498,044 , it is also the 37th most-populous city in the United States . The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area , home to 5.9 million people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the nation . Atlanta is the seat of Fulton County , the most populous county in Georgia . Portions of the city extend eastward into neighboring DeKalb County . Atlanta was originally founded as the terminus of a major state-sponsored railroad . With rapid expansion , however , it soon became the convergence point among multiple railroads , spurring its rapid growth . The city 's name derives from that of the Western and Atlantic Railroad 's local depot , signifying the town 's growing reputation as a transportation hub . During the American Civil War , the city was almost entirely burned to the ground in General William T. Sherman 's famous March to the Sea . However , the city rose from its ashes and quickly became a national center of commerce and the unofficial capital of the New South . During the 1950s and 1960s , Atlanta became a major organizing center of the civil rights movement , with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , Ralph David Abernathy , and many other locals playing major roles in the movement 's leadership . During the modern era , Atlanta has attained international prominence as a major air transportation hub , with Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world 's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament', 'summary': "The 2004 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was held from June 4 through June 27 , 2004 . Sixty-four NCAA Division I college baseball teams met after having played their way through a regular season , and for some , a conference tournament , to play in the NCAA Tournament . The tournament culminates with 8 teams in the College World Series at historic Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha , Nebraska . In the 58th College World Series and the 55th series held in Omaha , the Cal State Fullerton Titans rode the arm of Jason Windsor , named the Series ' Most Outstanding Player , to prevail over the field and claim the 2004 National Championship . The Titans won Bracket II with a 3-1 record and went on to sweep Bracket I winner Texas in two games to claim the title . Windsor picked up two complete game victories and a save , and threw more than 300 pitches in the series . Ricky Romero also recorded two wins for the Titans ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '.600', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Won Kinston Regional ; Lost to South Carolina in the Columbia Super Regional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kinston,_North_Carolina', 'summary': 'Kinston is a city in Lenoir County , North Carolina with a population of 21,677 as of the 2010 Census . It has been the county seat of Lenoir County since its formation in 1791 . Kinston is located in the coastal plains region of Eastern North Carolina . In 2009 , Kinston won the All-America City Award . This marks the second time in twenty-one years the city has won the title , the last time being in 1988 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks represent the University of South Carolina in the NCAA Division I . This moniker is in honor of Thomas Sumter , a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina who was nicknamed the Carolina Gamecock after British General Banastre Tarleton said Sumter fought like a gamecock . While the men 's teams were traditionally known as the Fighting Gamecocks and the women 's teams were previously known as the Lady Gamecocks , this distinction was discontinued in part to eliminate any gender bias in the athletic department and in part to counter misconceptions about the gamecock mascot endorsing bloodsport . All of the University 's varsity teams compete at the Division I level of the NCAA , and all but men 's soccer and women 's beach volleyball compete in the Southeastern Conference . Men 's soccer competes in Conference USA and women 's beach volleyball competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association because the SEC does not sponsor those sports . The athletic department is supported with private money from the Gamecock Club . It was originally formed as the B.A.M . ( Buck-A-Month ) Club in 1939 and 1940 to benefit the athletic programs from privately raised funds . The university 's athletic programs have earned ten national team titles and produced many Olympians . Tim Brando ( formerly of CBS Sports ) was quoted as saying , You wo n't find any more loyal fans in the country than those who follow the South Carolina Gamecocks ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina', 'summary': "Columbia is the capital and second largest city of the U.S. state of South Carolina , with a population estimate of 133,451 as of 2018 . The city serves as the county seat of Richland County , and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County . It is the center of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area , which had a population of 767,598 as of the 2010 United States Census , growing to 832,666 by July 1 , 2018 , according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates . This makes it the 70th largest metropolitan statistical area in the nation , as estimated by the United States Census Bureau as of July 1 , 2018 . The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States , originating from the name of Christopher Columbus . The city is located approximately 13 miles ( 21 km ) northwest of the geographic center of South Carolina , and is the primary city of the Midlands region of the state . It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River , which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River . Columbia is home to the University of South Carolina , the state 's flagship university and the largest in the state , and is also the site of Fort Jackson , the largest United States Army installation for Basic Combat Training . Columbia is also located 20 miles west of the site of McEntire Joint National Guard Base , which is operated by the U.S. Air Force and is used as a training base for the 169th Fighter Wing of The South Carolina Air National Guard . Columbia is also the location of the South Carolina State House , which is the center of government for the state . In 1860 , the city was the location of the South Carolina Secession Convention , which marked the departure of the first state from the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War ."}]}], 'section_title': 'NCAA tournament', 'section_text': 'The NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament started in 1947 . The format of the tournament has changed through the years .', 'uid': 'East_Carolina_Pirates_baseball_1', 'intro': 'The East Carolina Pirates baseball team is an intercollegiate baseball team representing East Carolina University in NCAA Division I college baseball and has made regular appearances in the NCAA Tournament, but as of 2019 has yet to appear in the College World Series. East Carolina participates as a full member of the American Athletic Conference. They have won two regular season championships and one tournament as a member of Conference USA, as well as several Colonial Athletic Association and Southern Conference championships previously. The Pirates are coached by Cliff Godwin and play their home games at Clark-LeClair Stadium, named after donor and alumnus Bill Clark and former coach Keith LeClair. Every year, the Pirates host a baseball tournament in Greenville in honor of Coach LeClair called the Keith LeClair Classic.'}
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Where is this university located that played against the Pirates during the season that Southern California won the championship ?
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Tallahassee , Florida
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ff91bdddf8238dde
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foreign-born_Medal_of_Honor_recipients', 'title': 'List of foreign-born Medal of Honor recipients', 'header': ['Name', 'Country of birth', 'Rank', 'Branch', 'Place of action', 'Date of action'], 'data': [{'value': 'Albert Beyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Beyer', 'summary': 'Albert E Beyer ( June 13 , 1859 - October 29 , 1929 ) was a United States Navy Coxswain received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Cienfuegos during the Spanish-American War . He was one of 52 sailors and Marines awarded the Medal for actions during that battle . Albert is buried in the Mount Moriah Cemetery in Yeadon , Pennsylvania , in the Naval Asylum plot .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coxswain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coxswain', 'summary': 'The coxswain ( /ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən ) is the person in charge of a boat , particularly its navigation and steering . The etymology of the word gives a literal meaning of boat servant since it comes from cock , a cockboat or other small vessel kept aboard a ship , and swain , an Old English term derived from the Old Norse sveinn meaning boy or servant .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George F. Brady', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_F._Brady', 'summary': 'George F. Brady ( real name George Patrick Brady , September 7 , 1867 - November 6 , 1903 ) was a sailor in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions during the Spanish-American War .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chief Gunner 's Mate", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer', 'summary': 'A chief petty officer is a senior non-commissioned officer in many navies and coast guards .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Gunner's_Mate", 'summary': "The United States Navy & United States Coast Guard occupational rating of gunner 's mate ( GM ) is a designation given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel ( BUPERS ) to enlisted sailors who either satisfactorily complete initial Gunner 's Mate A school training , or who strike for the rating by showing competence in the field of ordnance . When striking one is n't required to be a seaman , but must belong to one of three undesignated rates : Fireman ( FN ) , Seaman ( SN ) , or Airman ( AN ) . ( Striking is no longer authorized in the USCG ) It is also possible cross rate to Gunner 's Mate . Cross rating refers to the act of an enlisted sailor crossing from their current rating to another rating of their choice , provided their ASVAB scores are high enough and there are open slots for the rate . The Gunner 's Mate A school is held at Naval Training Center Great Lakes , Illinois and Yorktown , VA for the USCG . In its early years , the school was very hands-on , but it is now primarily conducted through technical educational tools , such as self-study computer-based training ( CBT ) . Training focuses on the operation , maintenance , and troubleshooting of naval guns , missile launchers and torpedoes as well as a strong emphasis on basic explosives , guidance and tracking systems , small arms , Naval ammunition classification , and safety . Upon completion of this basic training , enlisted members often continue on to a specialized C school , where they learn a particular weapons system ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cardenas , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cardenas,_Cuba', 'summary': 'Cárdenas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkaɾðenas ] ) , Calle Calzada Cárdenas is a municipality and city in the Matanzas Province of Cuba , about 116 km ( 72 mi ) by air [ 156 km ( 97 mi ) by road ] east of Havana . Cárdenas is the 15th most-populated Cuban city and the second most populated one not being a provincial seat , after Manzanillo . The Cuban Flag was first raised over Cuba in this historic city of straight and narrow streets ( the Charleston of the Caribbean ) , horse-drawn carriages , industry and cangrejos ( blue crabs ) .'}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel J. Campbell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_J._Campbell', 'summary': 'Daniel J. Campbell ( December 26 , 1874 - April 28 , 1955 ) was a private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Marine Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps', 'summary': "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joseph E. Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_E._Carter', 'summary': 'Joseph Edward Carter ( August 15 , 1875 - June 19 , 1950 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'England , United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blacksmith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Cavanaugh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Cavanaugh', 'summary': 'Thomas Cavanaugh ( born May 10 , 1869 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fireman First Class', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petty_officer_first_class', 'summary': 'Petty officer first class ( PO1 ) is a rank found in some navies and maritime organizations . It is the sixth enlisted rate in the United States Navy , U.S. Coast Guard , and the U.S . Naval Sea Cadet Corps , ranking just above petty officer second class and directly below chief petty officer . It is designated as non-commissioned officer , as are all petty officer ratings . It is equivalent to the rank of staff sergeant in the Army and Marine Corps , and technical sergeant in the Air Force . They are all ranked E-6 , which refers to the enlisted numbering system associated with pay grades .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Bahamas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahamas', 'summary': "The Bahamas ( /bəˈhɑːməz/ ( listen ) ) , known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas , is a country within the Lucayan Archipelago in the West Indies . It is a member of the Commonwealth Realms under the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II . The archipelagic state consists of more than 700 islands , cays , and islets in the Atlantic Ocean , and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola Island ( Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands , southeast of the U.S. state of Florida , and east of the Florida Keys . The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence . The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas ' territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 ( 180,000 sq mi ) of ocean space . The Bahamas were inhabited by the Lucayans , a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taíno people , for many centuries . Columbus was the first European to see the islands , making his first landfall in the 'New World ' in 1492 . Later , the Spanish shipped the native Lucayans to slavery on Hispaniola , after which the Bahama islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648 , when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera . The Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718 , when the British clamped down on piracy . After the American Revolutionary War , the Crown resettled thousands of American Loyalists to the Bahamas ; they took their slaves with them and established plantations on land grants . African slaves and their descendants constituted the majority of the population from this period on . The slave trade was abolished by the British in 1807 ; slavery in the Bahamas was abolished in 1834 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 14 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Claus K. R. Clausen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claus_K._R._Clausen', 'summary': "Claus Kristian Randolph Clausen ( December 9 , 1869 - December 23 , 1958 ) was an enlisted man and later an officer in the United States Navy . He received America 's highest military decoration , the Medal of Honor , for actions in the Spanish-American War ."}]}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coxswain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coxswain', 'summary': 'The coxswain ( /ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən ) is the person in charge of a boat , particularly its navigation and steering . The etymology of the word gives a literal meaning of boat servant since it comes from cock , a cockboat or other small vessel kept aboard a ship , and swain , an Old English term derived from the Old Norse sveinn meaning boy or servant .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Santiago de Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba', 'summary': 'Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province . It lies in the southeastern area of the island , some 870 km ( 540 mi ) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana . The municipality extends over 1,023.8 square kilometers ( 395.3 sq mi ) , and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo , Bravo , Castillo Duany , Daiquirí , El Caney , El Cobre , El Cristo , Guilera , Leyte Vidal , Moncada and Siboney . Historically Santiago de Cuba has long been the second-most important city on the island after Havana , and still remains the second-largest . It is on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port . In the 2012 population census , the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 431,272 people .'}]}, {'value': 'June 2 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas C. Cooney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_C._Cooney', 'summary': 'Thomas Calvin Cooney ( July 18 , 1853- January 8 , 1907 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Machinist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer', 'summary': 'A chief petty officer is a senior non-commissioned officer in many navies and coast guards .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Machinist's_Mate", 'summary': "Machinist 's mate ( or MM ) is a rating in the United States Navy 's engineering community ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cardenas , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cardenas,_Cuba', 'summary': 'Cárdenas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkaɾðenas ] ) , Calle Calzada Cárdenas is a municipality and city in the Matanzas Province of Cuba , about 116 km ( 72 mi ) by air [ 156 km ( 97 mi ) by road ] east of Havana . Cárdenas is the 15th most-populated Cuban city and the second most populated one not being a provincial seat , after Manzanillo . The Cuban Flag was first raised over Cuba in this historic city of straight and narrow streets ( the Charleston of the Caribbean ) , horse-drawn carriages , industry and cangrejos ( blue crabs ) .'}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Davis_(Medal_of_Honor,_1898)', 'summary': 'John Davis ( October 28 , 1877- June 9 , 1970 ) was an American sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Gunner 's Mate Third Class", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Gunner's_Mate", 'summary': "The United States Navy & United States Coast Guard occupational rating of gunner 's mate ( GM ) is a designation given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel ( BUPERS ) to enlisted sailors who either satisfactorily complete initial Gunner 's Mate A school training , or who strike for the rating by showing competence in the field of ordnance . When striking one is n't required to be a seaman , but must belong to one of three undesignated rates : Fireman ( FN ) , Seaman ( SN ) , or Airman ( AN ) . ( Striking is no longer authorized in the USCG ) It is also possible cross rate to Gunner 's Mate . Cross rating refers to the act of an enlisted sailor crossing from their current rating to another rating of their choice , provided their ASVAB scores are high enough and there are open slots for the rate . The Gunner 's Mate A school is held at Naval Training Center Great Lakes , Illinois and Yorktown , VA for the USCG . In its early years , the school was very hands-on , but it is now primarily conducted through technical educational tools , such as self-study computer-based training ( CBT ) . Training focuses on the operation , maintenance , and troubleshooting of naval guns , missile launchers and torpedoes as well as a strong emphasis on basic explosives , guidance and tracking systems , small arms , Naval ammunition classification , and safety . Upon completion of this basic training , enlisted members often continue on to a specialized C school , where they learn a particular weapons system ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Petty_officer_third_class', 'summary': 'Petty officer third class is the fourth enlisted rank in the U.S. Navy , U.S. Coast Guard , and the United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps , above seaman and below petty officer second class , and is the lowest rank of non-commissioned officer , equivalent to a corporal in the U.S. Army and Marine Corps . Petty officer third class shares the same pay grade as senior airman in the Air Force , which no longer has an NCO rank corresponding with E-4 .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas M. Doherty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_M._Doherty', 'summary': 'Thomas M. Doherty ( May 11 , 1869 - September 21 , 1906 ) was a corporal serving in the United States Army during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corporal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corporal', 'summary': "Corporal is a military rank in use in some form by many militaries and by some police forces or other uniformed organizations . Within NATO , each member nation 's corresponding military rank of corporal is combined under the NATO-standard rank scale code OR-3 or OR-4 . However , there are often differences in how each nation ( or service in each nation ) employs corporals . Some militaries do n't have corporals , but may instead have a Junior Sergeant . In some militaries , the rank of corporal nominally corresponds to commanding a section or squad of soldiers . However , in the United States Army , the rank of corporal is considered a lateral promotion from E-4 Specialist and usually only occurs when the soldier has been selected by a promotion board to become an E-5 Sergeant and is serving in an E-5 billet such as a fireteam leader in a rifle squad . The lateral promotion is used to make the soldier a non-commissioned officer without changing the soldier 's pay . As the Table of Organization & Equipment ( TO & E ) rank of a fire team leader is sergeant and that of squad leader is staff sergeant . In the United States Marine Corps , corporal is the Table of Organization ( TO ) rank for a rifle fire team leader , machine gun team leader , light mortar squad leader , and assault weapon squad leader , as well as gunner on most larger crew served weapons ( i.e . medium mortars , heavy machine guns , and anti-tank missiles ) , armored vehicles ( e.g . tanks , light armored vehicles , and armored assault vehicles ) , and the two assistant gunners on a howitzer ( the gunner is a sergeant ) . In most countries that derive their military structure from the British military system , corporal is a more senior rank than that of private ."}]}, {'value': 'Army', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Army', 'summary': "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Santiago de Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba', 'summary': 'Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province . It lies in the southeastern area of the island , some 870 km ( 540 mi ) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana . The municipality extends over 1,023.8 square kilometers ( 395.3 sq mi ) , and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo , Bravo , Castillo Duany , Daiquirí , El Caney , El Cobre , El Cristo , Guilera , Leyte Vidal , Moncada and Siboney . Historically Santiago de Cuba has long been the second-most important city on the island after Havana , and still remains the second-largest . It is on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port . In the 2012 population census , the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 431,272 people .'}]}, {'value': 'July 1 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Eglit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Eglit', 'summary': 'John Eglit ( born October 17 , 1874 - January 31 , 1914 ) was a seaman serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery . He continued to serve in the navy until being lost at sea while aboard the steamer Monroe off the shores of Virginia in 1914 . His grave is located at Arlington National Cemetery .'}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seaman_(rank)', 'summary': 'Seaman is a military rank used in many navies around the world . It is considered a junior enlisted rank and , depending on the navy , it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly-junior ranks . In the Commonwealth , it is the lowest rank in the navy , while in the United States , it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard . The equivalent of the seaman is the matelot in French-speaking countries , and Matrose in German-speaking countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick Erickson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Erickson', 'summary': 'Nicholas Nick Erickson ( July 18 , 1870 - June 21 , 1931 ) was a Coxswain serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coxswain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coxswain', 'summary': 'The coxswain ( /ˈkɒksən/ KOK-sən ) is the person in charge of a boat , particularly its navigation and steering . The etymology of the word gives a literal meaning of boat servant since it comes from cock , a cockboat or other small vessel kept aboard a ship , and swain , an Old English term derived from the Old Norse sveinn meaning boy or servant .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Fitzgerald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_(Medal_of_Honor)', 'summary': 'John Fitzgerald ( March 17 , 1873 - April 19 , 1948 ) was a private serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Private_(rank)', 'summary': 'A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Marine Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps', 'summary': "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ."}]}, {'value': 'Cuzco , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 14 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philip Gaughan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philip_Gaughan', 'summary': 'Philip Gaughan ( March 17 , 1865 - December 31 , 1913 ) was a sergeant serving in the United States Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sergeant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sergeant', 'summary': "Sergeant ( /ˈsɑː ( r ) dʒənt/ SARJ-ənt ; abbreviated to Sgt . and capitalized when used as a named person 's title ) is a rank in many uniformed organizations , principally military and policing forces . The alternative spelling , serjeant , is used in The Rifles and other units that draw their heritage from the British Light Infantry . Its origin is the Latin serviens , 'one who serves ' , through the French term sergent . The term sergeant refers to a non-commissioned officer placed above the rank of a corporal and a police officer immediately below a lieutenant or , in the UK Police forces , below an inspector . In most armies the rank of sergeant corresponds to command of a squad ( or section ) . In Commonwealth armies , it is a more senior rank , corresponding roughly to a platoon second-in-command . In the United States Army , sergeant is a more junior rank corresponding to a four-soldier fireteam leader . More senior non-commissioned ranks are often variations on sergeant , for example staff sergeant , first sergeant , and sergeant major . Many countries use sergeant rank , whether in English or using a cognate with the same origin in another language . The equivalent rank in Arab armies is raqīb ( رقيب ) , meaning 'overseer ' or 'watcher ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Marine Corps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps', 'summary': "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Gibbons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Gibbons_(Medal_of_Honor)', 'summary': 'Michael Gibbons ( November 15 , 1866 - February 27 , 1933 ) was an oiler serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oiler', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Hendrickson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Hendrickson', 'summary': 'Henry Hendrickson ( March 12 , 1862 - February 28 , 1912 ) was a seaman serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seaman_(rank)', 'summary': 'Seaman is a military rank used in many navies around the world . It is considered a junior enlisted rank and , depending on the navy , it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly-junior ranks . In the Commonwealth , it is the lowest rank in the navy , while in the United States , it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard . The equivalent of the seaman is the matelot in French-speaking countries , and Matrose in German-speaking countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franz A. Itrich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_A._Itrich', 'summary': "Franz Anton Itrich ( November 26 , 1853 - June 11 , 1933 ) was a chief carpenter 's mate serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chief Carpenter 's Mate", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer', 'summary': 'A chief petty officer is a senior non-commissioned officer in many navies and coast guards .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Carpenter's_Mate", 'summary': "Carpenter 's mate ( CM ) was a United States Navy rating throughout the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century . The rating was established in 1797 , and separate pay grades were implemented in 1893 . The sleeve insignia for the rating depicted two crossed axes . Responsibilities of carpenter 's mates included maintaining ship ventilation , watertight control , painting , and drainage . During the era of wooden ships , carpenter 's mates were charged with maintaining the integrity of the ship 's hull . In times of battle , carpenter 's mates would fight fires and use plugs to patch holes in the hull . In 1948 , the rating was changed to damage controlman ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Luzon , Philippines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luzon', 'summary': "Luzon ( Tagalog : [ luˈzon ] or [ luˈson ] ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines . It is ranked 15th largest in the world by land area . Located in the northern portion of the archipelago , it is the economic and political center of the nation , being home to the country 's capital city , Manila , as well as Quezon City , the country 's most populous city . With a population of 53 million as of 2015 [ update ] , it is the fourth most populous island in the world , containing 52.5% of the country 's total population . Luzon may also refer to one of the three primary island groups in the country . As such , it includes the Luzon mainland , the Batanes and Babuyan groups of islands to the north , Polillo Islands to the east , and the outlying islands of Catanduanes , Marinduque and Mindoro , among others , to the south . The islands of Masbate , Palawan and Romblon are also included as well , though these three are sometimes grouped in the Visayas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Philippines', 'summary': "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ."}]}, {'value': 'May 1 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexander Jardine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_Jardine_(Medal_of_Honor)', 'summary': 'Alexander Jardine ( October 17 , 1874 - February 22 , 1949 ) was a fireman first class serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Scotland , United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Fireman First Class', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petty_officer_first_class', 'summary': 'Petty officer first class ( PO1 ) is a rank found in some navies and maritime organizations . It is the sixth enlisted rate in the United States Navy , U.S. Coast Guard , and the U.S . Naval Sea Cadet Corps , ranking just above petty officer second class and directly below chief petty officer . It is designated as non-commissioned officer , as are all petty officer ratings . It is equivalent to the rank of staff sergeant in the Army and Marine Corps , and technical sergeant in the Air Force . They are all ranked E-6 , which refers to the enlisted numbering system associated with pay grades .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Bahamas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahamas', 'summary': "The Bahamas ( /bəˈhɑːməz/ ( listen ) ) , known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas , is a country within the Lucayan Archipelago in the West Indies . It is a member of the Commonwealth Realms under the monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II . The archipelagic state consists of more than 700 islands , cays , and islets in the Atlantic Ocean , and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola Island ( Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) , northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands , southeast of the U.S. state of Florida , and east of the Florida Keys . The capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence . The Royal Bahamas Defence Force describes the Bahamas ' territory as encompassing 470,000 km2 ( 180,000 sq mi ) of ocean space . The Bahamas were inhabited by the Lucayans , a branch of the Arawakan-speaking Taíno people , for many centuries . Columbus was the first European to see the islands , making his first landfall in the 'New World ' in 1492 . Later , the Spanish shipped the native Lucayans to slavery on Hispaniola , after which the Bahama islands were mostly deserted from 1513 until 1648 , when English colonists from Bermuda settled on the island of Eleuthera . The Bahamas became a British crown colony in 1718 , when the British clamped down on piracy . After the American Revolutionary War , the Crown resettled thousands of American Loyalists to the Bahamas ; they took their slaves with them and established plantations on land grants . African slaves and their descendants constituted the majority of the population from this period on . The slave trade was abolished by the British in 1807 ; slavery in the Bahamas was abolished in 1834 ."}]}, {'value': 'November 14 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John P. Johanson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_P._Johanson', 'summary': 'John Peter Johanson ( January 22 , 1865 - December 14 , 1937 ) was a sailor serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seaman_(rank)', 'summary': 'Seaman is a military rank used in many navies around the world . It is considered a junior enlisted rank and , depending on the navy , it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly-junior ranks . In the Commonwealth , it is the lowest rank in the navy , while in the United States , it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard . The equivalent of the seaman is the matelot in French-speaking countries , and Matrose in German-speaking countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johan J. Johansson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johan_J._Johansson', 'summary': 'Johan J. Johansson ( May 12 , 1870 - December 4 , 1948 ) was an ordinary seaman serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ordinary Seaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ordinary_Seaman', 'summary': "An ordinary seaman ( OS ) is a naval rating of the deck department of a ship . The position is an apprenticeship to become an able seaman , and has been for centuries . In modern times , an OS is required to work on a ship for a specific amount of time , gaining what is referred to as sea time . For centuries , the term ordinary seaman was used to refer to a seaman with between one and two years ' experience at sea , who showed enough seamanship to be so rated by their captain . Historically in some navies and the merchant marine a sailor with less experience was called a landsman . An OS is generally not required to stand watch , but must pass examinations on watchstanding skills such as performing lookout duty and being a helmsman . Thus an OS will often be found on a ship 's bridge after working hours taking a turn at the ship 's wheel or being familiarized with bridge equipment . During the apprenticeship , an OS performs a variety of duties concerned with the operation and upkeep of deck department areas and equipment . These duties vary with the type of ship , the type of voyage , the number of crewmembers , the weather , the supervisor , and any number of other variables . However , in most cases , one can expect an ordinary seaman to clean , to perform maintenance , to work with deck equipment , and to undergo on-the-job-training under the supervision of senior deck department members ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cienfuegos , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cienfuegos', 'summary': "Cienfuegos ( American Spanish : [ sjeɱˈfweɣos ] ) , capital of Cienfuegos Province , is a city on the southern coast of Cuba . It is located about 250 km ( 160 mi ) from Havana and has a population of 150,000 . Since the late 1960s , Cienfuegos has become one of Cuba 's main industrial centers , especially in the energy and sugar sectors . The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur ( Pearl of the South ) . Although Cienfuegos literally translates to one hundred fires ( cien , one hundred ; fuegos , fires ) , the city takes its name from the surname of José Cienfuegos , Captain General of Cuba ( 1816-19 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuba', 'summary': "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hans Johnsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_Johnsen', 'summary': 'Hans Johnsen ( January 3 , 1865 - June 17 , 1920 ) was a chief machinist serving in the United States Navy during the Spanish-American War who received the Medal of Honor for bravery .'}]}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Machinist', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer', 'summary': 'A chief petty officer is a senior non-commissioned officer in many navies and coast guards .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Machinist's_Mate", 'summary': "Machinist 's mate ( or MM ) is a rating in the United States Navy 's engineering community ."}]}, {'value': 'Navy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'Cardenas , Cuba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cardenas,_Cuba', 'summary': 'Cárdenas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkaɾðenas ] ) , Calle Calzada Cárdenas is a municipality and city in the Matanzas Province of Cuba , about 116 km ( 72 mi ) by air [ 156 km ( 97 mi ) by road ] east of Havana . Cárdenas is the 15th most-populated Cuban city and the second most populated one not being a provincial seat , after Manzanillo . The Cuban Flag was first raised over Cuba in this historic city of straight and narrow streets ( the Charleston of the Caribbean ) , horse-drawn carriages , industry and cangrejos ( blue crabs ) .'}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1898', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Spanish–American War', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_foreign-born_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_4', 'intro': 'The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously. Although Medals of Honor can be awarded only to members of the U.S. armed forces, being a U.S. citizen is not a prerequisite for eligibility to receive the medal. Since the American Civil War, hundreds of people born outside the United States have received the medal, the most recent of these recipients being Pedro Cano and Jesus S. Duran who received their medals in March 2014 for actions performed during World War II and the Vietnam War respectively. The large number of foreign-born recipients during the 19th and early 20th centuries was mostly due to immigration waves from Europe.'}
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Which Private-ranked recipient is older ?
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John Fitzgerald
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ff92408e89263123
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Conference_Baseball_Player_of_the_Year', 'title': 'Southeastern Conference Baseball Player of the Year', 'header': ['Season', 'Player', 'School', 'Position'], 'data': [{'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russ Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russ_Johnson', 'summary': 'William Russell Johnson ( born February 22 , 1973 ) is a former Major League Baseball infielder . He went to Louisiana State University and was drafted in the first round of the 1994 Major League Baseball Draft by the Houston Astros . In 1997 , he was called up to the majors by the Astros , where he remained until 2000 . His best season in Houston was 1999 , when he hit .282 with four home runs and 33 RBI .'}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference . It is one of the elite college baseball programs in the nation , ranking seventh all-time with 18 College World Series appearances and second all-time with six national championships ( 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 2000 , and 2009 ) . The Tigers play home games on LSU 's campus at Alex Box Stadium , Skip Bertman Field , and they are currently coached by Paul Mainieri ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Todd Walker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Walker', 'summary': 'Todd Arthur Walker ( born May 25 , 1973 ) is a former professional baseball infielder who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from 1996 to 2007 . Listed at 6 feet 0 inches ( 1.83 m ) and 180 pounds ( 82 kg ) , he batted left-handed and threw right-handed . Walker played college baseball at Louisiana State University ( LSU ) and is an inductee of the National College Baseball Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference . It is one of the elite college baseball programs in the nation , ranking seventh all-time with 18 College World Series appearances and second all-time with six national championships ( 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 2000 , and 2009 ) . The Tigers play home games on LSU 's campus at Alex Box Stadium , Skip Bertman Field , and they are currently coached by Paul Mainieri ."}]}, {'value': 'Second baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_baseman', 'summary': 'In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Todd Helton *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Helton', 'summary': 'Todd Lynn Helton ( born August 20 , 1973 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman who played his entire 17-year career for the Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . A five-time All-Star , four-time Silver Slugger , and three-time Gold Glove Award winner , Helton holds the Colorado Rockies club records for hits ( 2,519 ) , home runs ( 369 ) , doubles ( 592 ) , walks ( 1,335 ) , runs scored ( 1,401 ) , runs batted in ( RBI , with 1,406 ) , games played ( 2,247 ) , and total bases ( 4,292 ) , among others . Each season from 1999-2004 , Helton met or exceeded all of the following totals : .320 batting average , 39 doubles , 30 home runs , 107 runs scored , 96 RBI , .577 slugging percentage and .981 on-base plus slugging . In 2000 , he won the batting title with a .372 average , and also led MLB with a .698 slugging percentage , 59 doubles , 147 RBI and the National League with 216 hits . Helton amassed his 2,000th career hit against the Atlanta Braves on May 19 , 2009 , and his 2,500th against the Cincinnati Reds on September 1 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers_baseball', 'summary': 'The Tennessee Volunteers baseball team represents the University of Tennessee in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Tennessee athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference . The Volunteers play all on-campus home games at Lindsey Nelson Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eddy Furniss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eddy_Furniss', 'summary': "Wilburn Edward Eddy Furniss III ( born September 18 , 1975 ) is an American retired professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter . A standout college baseball player for Louisiana State University ( LSU ) , Furniss has been inducted into the College Baseball Hall of Fame , the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame , and the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame . He is the 10th athlete , and 2nd baseball player , in LSU history to have his number retired . With the LSU Tigers , Furniss was a two-time College World Series champion and a two-time All-American . He won the Dick Howser Trophy as college baseball 's best player in 1998 , and set Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) records in numerous offensive categories , including home runs and runs batted in ( RBIs ) . He was among the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's all-time leaders in home runs and RBIs at the time he graduated from college . Drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1998 , Furniss played in their minor league system through 2000 . He played for the Oakland Athletics organization in 2001 and the Texas Rangers organization in 2002 . Unable to advance beyond Class AA , Furniss decided to retire from baseball and attend medical school . He graduated from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and completed his residency at John Peter Smith Hospital . He practices family medicine in his native Nacogdoches , Texas ."}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference . It is one of the elite college baseball programs in the nation , ranking seventh all-time with 18 College World Series appearances and second all-time with six national championships ( 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 2000 , and 2009 ) . The Tigers play home games on LSU 's campus at Alex Box Stadium , Skip Bertman Field , and they are currently coached by Paul Mainieri ."}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim Hudson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Hudson', 'summary': "Timothy Adam Hudson ( born July 14 , 1975 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . After spending his college years at Chattahoochee Valley Community College and Auburn University , Hudson played in the major leagues for the Oakland Athletics ( 1999-2004 ) , the Atlanta Braves ( 2005-13 ) and the San Francisco Giants ( 2014-15 ) . With the Giants , he won the 2014 World Series over the Kansas City Royals . During his 17-season career , Hudson established himself as one of baseball 's most consistent pitchers and until 2014 had never had a season where he suffered more losses than wins . Hudson was also named an All-Star four times : twice with Oakland , once with Atlanta , and once with San Francisco . Before retiring in 2015 , Hudson was the winningest active Major League pitcher , as well as one of four active pitchers with at least 200 career wins . With a win against the Oakland A 's on July 26 , 2015 , he has won a game against every team in the majors , the 15th pitcher to do so . Hudson is one of twenty-one pitchers in Major League history to win at least 200 games , strike out at least 2,000 batters and have a winning percentage above .600 . Of those twenty-one , fourteen are in the National Baseball Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': 'The Auburn Tigers baseball team represents Auburn University in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Auburn athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Western division of the Southeastern Conference . The Tigers play their home games on campus at Plainsman Park , and they are coached by Butch Thompson .'}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Pickler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Pickler', 'summary': 'Jeff Blaine Pickler ( born January 6 , 1976 ) is an American professional baseball coach . He is the game planning and outfield coach for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He has also coached for the Minnesota Twins .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers_baseball', 'summary': 'The Tennessee Volunteers baseball team represents the University of Tennessee in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Tennessee athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference . The Volunteers play all on-campus home games at Lindsey Nelson Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Second baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_baseman', 'summary': 'In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunter Bledsoe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vanderbilt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vanderbilt_Commodores_baseball', 'summary': 'The Vanderbilt Commodores baseball team is an American National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) college baseball team , and the reigning Division I national champion . From Vanderbilt University in Nashville , Tennessee , the team participates in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) and plays its home games on campus at Hawkins Field . The Commodores are coached by three-time National Coach of the Year and three-time SEC Coach of the Year , Tim Corbin .'}]}, {'value': 'Third baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_baseman', 'summary': "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kip Bouknight *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kip_Bouknight', 'summary': 'Kip McKey Bouknight ( born November 16 , 1978 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher who most recently played with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball .'}]}, {'value': 'South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_baseball', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represents the University of South Carolina in NCAA Division I college baseball . South Carolina has perennially been one of the best teams in college baseball since 1970 , posting 32 NCAA Tournament appearances , 11 College World Series berths , 6 CWS Finals appearances and 2 National Championships : 2010 and 2011 . Carolina is one of six schools in NCAA history to win back-to-back titles . Since joining the Southeastern Conference in 1992 , the team has competed in the Eastern division . South Carolina owns a stellar 32-18 record at the CWS , holds the NCAA record for consecutive wins ( 22 ) in the national tournament and the longest win streak ever at the CWS ( 12 in a row from 2010 to 2012 ) in which the Gamecocks played for national titles all three years . The current head coach is Mark Kingston , with Chad Holbrook resigning on June 6 , 2017 . Holbrook took over for Ray Tanner , who was named athletics director at USC after the 2012 season . This follows a string of three consecutive appearances in the national championship series , including two consecutive national championships . During Tanner 's stint as head coach , the Gamecocks also captured three SEC titles , one SEC tournament title , six division titles , six College World Series appearances , and thirteen of their fifteen straight NCAA Tournaments ( longest streak in the SEC at the time ) . Between 2010 and 2012 the Gamecocks set two NCAA records for postseason success : the most consecutive NCAA tournament wins ( 22 ) and the most consecutive wins in the College World Series ( 12 ) . In 2013 , Carolina set the record for consecutive home NCAA tournament wins , with 29 . The team plays its home games at Founders Park , which opened on February 21 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Burke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Burke_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Christopher Alan Burke ( born March 11 , 1980 ) is a former Major League Baseball player , playing primarily for the Houston Astros , though he also played for the Arizona Diamondbacks and San Diego Padres . He is best remembered for hitting a series-ending walk-off home run in Game 4 of the 2005 National League Division Series .'}]}, {'value': 'Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tennessee_Volunteers_baseball', 'summary': 'The Tennessee Volunteers baseball team represents the University of Tennessee in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Tennessee athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference . The Volunteers play all on-campus home games at Lindsey Nelson Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yaron Peters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_baseball', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represents the University of South Carolina in NCAA Division I college baseball . South Carolina has perennially been one of the best teams in college baseball since 1970 , posting 32 NCAA Tournament appearances , 11 College World Series berths , 6 CWS Finals appearances and 2 National Championships : 2010 and 2011 . Carolina is one of six schools in NCAA history to win back-to-back titles . Since joining the Southeastern Conference in 1992 , the team has competed in the Eastern division . South Carolina owns a stellar 32-18 record at the CWS , holds the NCAA record for consecutive wins ( 22 ) in the national tournament and the longest win streak ever at the CWS ( 12 in a row from 2010 to 2012 ) in which the Gamecocks played for national titles all three years . The current head coach is Mark Kingston , with Chad Holbrook resigning on June 6 , 2017 . Holbrook took over for Ray Tanner , who was named athletics director at USC after the 2012 season . This follows a string of three consecutive appearances in the national championship series , including two consecutive national championships . During Tanner 's stint as head coach , the Gamecocks also captured three SEC titles , one SEC tournament title , six division titles , six College World Series appearances , and thirteen of their fifteen straight NCAA Tournaments ( longest streak in the SEC at the time ) . Between 2010 and 2012 the Gamecocks set two NCAA records for postseason success : the most consecutive NCAA tournament wins ( 22 ) and the most consecutive wins in the College World Series ( 12 ) . In 2013 , Carolina set the record for consecutive home NCAA tournament wins , with 29 . The team plays its home games at Founders Park , which opened on February 21 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaron Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Hill_(baseball)', 'summary': 'Aaron Walter Hill ( born March 21 , 1982 ) is an American former professional baseball second baseman . Hill was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the first round ( 13th overall ) of the 2003 MLB draft and made his Major League Baseball ( MLB ) debut with them in 2005 . He also played for the Arizona Diamondbacks , Milwaukee Brewers , Boston Red Sox and San Francisco Giants . Hill is one of only five players in MLB history to hit for the cycle twice in one season .'}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference . It is one of the elite college baseball programs in the nation , ranking seventh all-time with 18 College World Series appearances and second all-time with six national championships ( 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 2000 , and 2009 ) . The Tigers play home games on LSU 's campus at Alex Box Stadium , Skip Bertman Field , and they are currently coached by Paul Mainieri ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stephen Head Jon Zeringue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stephen_Head', 'summary': 'Stephen A . Head ( born January 13 , 1984 ) , is a former American professional baseball infielder and outfielder for the Cleveland Indians and Colorado Rockies organizations . Head became a volunteer assistant with the Ole Miss Rebels baseball team in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ole Miss LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ole_Miss_Rebels_baseball', 'summary': 'The Ole Miss Rebels baseball team represents the University of Mississippi in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They are currently coached by Mike Bianco .'}, {'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference . It is one of the elite college baseball programs in the nation , ranking seventh all-time with 18 College World Series appearances and second all-time with six national championships ( 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 2000 , and 2009 ) . The Tigers play home games on LSU 's campus at Alex Box Stadium , Skip Bertman Field , and they are currently coached by Paul Mainieri ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt LaPorta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_LaPorta', 'summary': 'Matthew Vincent LaPorta ( born January 8 , 1985 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and left fielder . LaPorta played college baseball for the University of Florida . He was drafted 7th overall in the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft by the Milwaukee Brewers .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Gators_baseball', 'summary': "The Florida Gators baseball team represents the University of Florida in the sport of baseball . Florida competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) , and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They play their home games in Alfred A. McKethan Stadium on the university 's Gainesville , Florida campus , and are currently led by head coach Kevin O'Sullivan . In the 105-season history of the Florida baseball program , the team has won 15 SEC championships and has appeared in 12 College World Series tournaments . The Gators won their first national championship in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Strieby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Strieby', 'summary': 'Ryan Kristoffer Strieby ( born August 9 , 1985 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman .'}]}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_baseball', 'summary': 'The Kentucky Wildcats baseball team represents the University of Kentucky in NCAA Division I college baseball and competes in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . The current head coach of the Wildcats is Nick Mingione . Kentucky is the only member of the 14-team SEC never to reach the College World Series . Arkansas and South Carolina , both of which joined the SEC in 1992 , have made multiple trips to Omaha since coming aboard , with the Gamecocks claiming back-to-back championships in 2010 and 2011 . In 2013 , the newest members , Missouri and Texas A & M , both made appearances as members of other conferences .'}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt LaPorta ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_LaPorta', 'summary': 'Matthew Vincent LaPorta ( born January 8 , 1985 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and left fielder . LaPorta played college baseball for the University of Florida . He was drafted 7th overall in the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft by the Milwaukee Brewers .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Gators_baseball', 'summary': "The Florida Gators baseball team represents the University of Florida in the sport of baseball . Florida competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) , and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They play their home games in Alfred A. McKethan Stadium on the university 's Gainesville , Florida campus , and are currently led by head coach Kevin O'Sullivan . In the 105-season history of the Florida baseball program , the team has won 15 SEC championships and has appeared in 12 College World Series tournaments . The Gators won their first national championship in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gordon Beckham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordon_Beckham', 'summary': 'James Gordon Beckham III ( born September 16 , 1986 ) is an American professional baseball infielder for the San Diego Padres organization . He previously played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Chicago White Sox , Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim , Atlanta Braves , San Francisco Giants , Seattle Mariners , and Detroit Tigers .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Bulldogs_baseball', 'summary': "The Georgia Bulldogs baseball team represents the University of Georgia in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Georgia athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference . Georgia won the College World Series in 1990 . The Bulldogs play their home games on UGA 's campus in Foley Field , and are coached by head coach Scott Stricklin ."}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kent Matthes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_baseball', 'summary': 'The Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team represents the University of Alabama in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Alabama athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference . The team plays its home games on campus at Sewell-Thomas Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunter Morris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunter_Morris', 'summary': 'Jeffrey Hunter Morris ( born October 7 , 1988 ) is an American college baseball coach and former professional baseball first baseman . He is the hitting coach and recruiting coordinator at the University of Tennessee at Martin . Morris played college baseball at Auburn University from 2008 to 2010 for head coach John Pawlowski before pursing a professional baseball career .'}]}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': 'The Auburn Tigers baseball team represents Auburn University in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Auburn athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Western division of the Southeastern Conference . The Tigers play their home games on campus at Plainsman Park , and they are coached by Butch Thompson .'}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Zunino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Zunino', 'summary': 'Michael Accorsi Zunino ( born March 25 , 1991 ) is an American professional baseball catcher for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Seattle Mariners . Before beginning his professional career , Zunino played college baseball at the University of Florida , where he won the Dick Howser Trophy , Golden Spikes Award , and Johnny Bench Award in his junior year . The Mariners selected Zunino with the third overall pick in the 2012 MLB draft . He made his MLB debut in 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_Gators_baseball', 'summary': "The Florida Gators baseball team represents the University of Florida in the sport of baseball . Florida competes in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletics Association ( NCAA ) , and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . They play their home games in Alfred A. McKethan Stadium on the university 's Gainesville , Florida campus , and are currently led by head coach Kevin O'Sullivan . In the 105-season history of the Florida baseball program , the team has won 15 SEC championships and has appeared in 12 College World Series tournaments . The Gators won their first national championship in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Catcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catcher', 'summary': "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raph Rhymes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raph_Rhymes', 'summary': 'Raphael Ray Rhymes ( born October 22 , 1989 ) is a professional baseball outfielder . He played for the LSU Tigers baseball team .'}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LSU_Tigers_baseball', 'summary': "The LSU Tigers baseball team represents Louisiana State University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The team participates in the West Division of the Southeastern Conference . It is one of the elite college baseball programs in the nation , ranking seventh all-time with 18 College World Series appearances and second all-time with six national championships ( 1991 , 1993 , 1996 , 1997 , 2000 , and 2009 ) . The Tigers play home games on LSU 's campus at Alex Box Stadium , Skip Bertman Field , and they are currently coached by Paul Mainieri ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Winners', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Southeastern_Conference_Baseball_Player_of_the_Year_0', 'intro': "The Southeastern Conference Player of the Year is a baseball award given to the Southeastern Conference's most outstanding player. The award was first given following the 1993 season, with both pitchers and position players eligible. After the 2003 season, the Southeastern Conference Baseball Pitcher of the Year award was created to honor the most outstanding pitcher. It is selected by the league's head coaches, who are not allowed to vote for their own players. The award has been shared once, by Stephen Head of Ole Miss and Jon Zeringue of LSU in 2004. Only one player has won the award twice - Matt LaPorta of Florida in 2005 and 2007. LSU has the most all-time winners, with six. One SEC member has yet to have a winner: 2012 arrival Missouri."}
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What is the school of the player who batted left-handed and threw right-handed ?
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LSU
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ff931591d3cd9980
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Basketball_of_Michigan', 'title': 'Mr. Basketball of Michigan', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'High school', 'University'], 'data': [{'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tim McCormick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_McCormick', 'summary': "Timothy Daniel McCormick ( born March 10 , 1962 ) is a retired American professional basketball player from Detroit , Michigan . He currently is a pre- and post-game analyst for the Detroit Pistons . A 6'11 center from the University of Michigan , McCormick played eight seasons ( 1984-1992 ) in the NBA as a member of the Seattle SuperSonics , Philadelphia 76ers , New Jersey Nets , Houston Rockets , Atlanta Hawks , and New York Knicks . He averaged 8.3 points per game and 4.9 rebounds per game . McCormick later became a basketball analyst for ESPN ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarkston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarkston_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': "Clarkston High School is a high school located in Independence Township , Michigan . It is the only high school in both the township and the Clarkston Community Schools district . The school 's colors are blue and gold , and its team mascot and nickname is the Wolves . The four most recent incarnations of Clarkston High School , including the current building on Flemings Lake and Clarkston roads , are still standing . The school is 384,000 square feet ( 35,700 m2 ) in size and cost $ 56,569,952.00 upon total completion in 1999 . Clarkston High School is situated on a 110-acre ( 0.45 km2 ) campus that encompasses a 10,000 seat football stadium , two baseball and softball fields , eight tennis courts and an eight lane outdoor track . The inside of the school features a 1000-seat auditorium complete with stage , orchestra pit , balcony and set design center , a gymnasium capable of seating 3500 and an eight lane competition pool with seating for 500 spectators in the natatorium . The school houses nine computer labs . Each lab consists of at least twenty networked PCs . The total number of computers at the school is over 700 . Each classroom is also equipped with a large television/monitor that can be used to display the screen of the teacher 's computer or in-school television broadcasts . Classrooms are also equipped with digital projectors that can be connected to an instructor 's computer ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jay Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jay_Smith_(basketball)', 'summary': "Jay Steven Smith ( born June 21 , 1961 ) is an American college basketball coach . He currently serves in an administrative role for the men 's basketball team at the University of Michigan . He was a former head coach at Grand Valley State University ( 1996-97 ) and Central Michigan University ( 1997-2006 ) . He has also been an assistant coach at the University of Michigan and the University of Detroit ."}]}, {'value': 'Mio AuSable High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowling Green , Saginaw Valley State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bowling_Green_Falcons_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bowling Green Falcons men 's basketball team is the basketball team that represent Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green , Ohio . The school 's team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference . The team last played in the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament in 1968 . The Falcons are now coached by Michael Huger , their 17th head coach ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Saginaw_Valley_State_Cardinals', 'summary': 'The Saginaw Valley State Cardinals ( SVSU Cardinals ) are the athletic teams that represent Saginaw Valley State University , located in University Center , Michigan , in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions . The Cardinals compete as members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference for all 16 varsity sports . The Cardinals have been members of the GLIAC since it was founded in 1972 .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trent Tucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trent_Tucker', 'summary': 'Kelvin Trent Tucker ( born December 20 , 1959 ) is an American retired professional basketball player who played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . A 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) shooting guard , Tucker attended the University of Minnesota from 1978 to 1982 , leading them to a Big Ten Conference championship in his senior year . He was then selected by the New York Knicks with the 6th overall pick of the 1982 NBA draft . One of the earliest three-point specialists , Tucker represented the Knicks in the first ever Three-point Shootout ( 1986 ) , making it to the semifinals before being outpaced by Craig Hodges and eventual winner Larry Bird . Tucker would play nine seasons with the Knicks before joining the San Antonio Spurs in 1991 , and after one season with the Spurs he joined the Chicago Bulls , who won the 1993 NBA Championship . He retired after that season , having tallied 6,237 career points and 1,532 career assists .'}]}, {'value': 'Flint Northwestern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Flint_Northwestern_High_School', 'summary': 'Flint Northwestern High School was a high school in Flint , Michigan , United States that served grades nine through twelve . It was part of Flint Community Schools . In July 2018 , the campus was repurposed as Flint Junior High School , which serves grades seven and eight , while its former high school students were relocated to Flint Southwestern Academy .'}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men's_basketball", 'summary': "Minnesota Golden Gophers men 's basketball team represents the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus . The Golden Gophers have played in the Big Ten since the conference began sponsoring basketball in 1905 and play their home games in Williams Arena . The Gophers had great success in the early years of basketball , but have been largely overshadowed by other programs since the end of World War I . In total , the Gophers have won nine Big Ten championships , but only four since 1919 . College basketball research organizations have retroactively awarded Minnesota national championships in 1902 , 1903 , and 1919 . The team has also had several instances of NCAA sanctions on the program that have affected performance and recruiting . In the 1970s , the Gophers were in a violent brawl with the Ohio State Buckeyes and were barred from post-season appearances for two seasons after an incident involving the illegal resale of tickets . Still more severe was the mid-1990s academic scandal under then-coach Clem Haskins that resulted in the forfeit of a Final Four appearance ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Earvin Magic Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Earvin_Johnson', 'summary': "Earvin Magic Johnson Jr. ( born August 14 , 1959 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and former president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons . After winning championships in high school and college , Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers . He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season , and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s . Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that he had contracted HIV , but returned to play in the 1992 All-Star Game , winning the All-Star MVP Award . After protests from his fellow players , he retired again for four years , but returned in 1996 , at age 36 , to play 32 games for the Lakers before retiring for the third and final time . Johnson 's career achievements include three NBA MVP Awards , nine NBA Finals appearances , twelve All-Star games , and ten All-NBA First and Second Team nominations . He led the league in regular-season assists four times , and is the NBA 's all-time leader in average assists per game , at 11.2 . Johnson was a member of the 1992 United States men 's Olympic basketball team ( The Dream Team ) , which won the Olympic gold medal in 1992 . After leaving the NBA in 1992 , Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars , a barnstorming team that traveled around the world playing exhibition games . Johnson was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996 . Johnson became a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame - being enshrined in 2002 for his individual career , and again in 2010 as a member of the Dream Team ."}]}, {'value': 'Lansing Everett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Everett_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': 'Everett High School is a public high school located on the south side of Lansing , Michigan .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan State Spartans men 's basketball team represents Michigan State University ( MSU ) and compete in the Big Ten Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball . Their home games are played at the Breslin Student Events Center . Tom Izzo has been the head coach since 1995 . The Spartans have won two NCAA championships and 15 Big Ten Conference Championships . Their two National Championships came in the 1979 NCAA Tournament and the 2000 NCAA Tournament . The 1979 National Championship Game was the most watched college basketball game in history , with 35.11 million television viewers . The 1979 National Championship team was coached by Jud Heathcote and included tournament MVP Magic Johnson , Greg Kelser and Jay Vincent . The Spartans defeated the previously unbeaten Indiana State Sycamores , led by future Hall of Famer Larry Bird . The 2000 National Championship team defeated the Florida Gators men 's basketball team in the final . The team was coached by Tom Izzo and led by players Morris Peterson , Charlie Bell , Jason Richardson and tournament MVP Mateen Cleaves . The Spartans have participated in 33 NCAA tournaments and in 22 consecutive NCAA tournaments ( 1998-2019 ) , the fourth-longest streak ever and third-longest active streak in college basketball , behind Kansas ( 29 ) and Duke ( 23 ) . Michigan State has the sixth most all-time Final Four appearances with ten ( 1957 , 1979 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 , 2010 , 2015 , and 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuart House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Denby', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Washington_State_Cougars_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Washington State Cougars men 's basketball team represents Washington State University and competes in the Pac-12 Conference ( Pac-12 ) of NCAA Division I . The Cougars play their home games on campus in Pullman at Beasley Coliseum , which has a capacity of 11,566 ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruce Flowers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Flowers', 'summary': 'Bruce Flowers ( born June 13 , 1957 ) is a former American professional basketball player . At a height of 2.04 m ( 6 ft 8 \u200b1⁄2 in ) tall , he played as a power forward . Flowers is one of the few American players to have won all three of the different major European titles during his playing era , meaning the EuroLeague , as well as the now defunct FIBA Saporta Cup and FIBA Korać Cup competitions .'}]}, {'value': 'Berkley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berkley_High_School', 'summary': "Berkley High School is a public high school in Berkley , Michigan . Berkley High 's colors are Maroon and Blue and the school 's mascot is a Bear . Berkley is well known for its college prep courses , high standardized test scores , and teachers and administrators . BHS offers 20+ Advanced Placement courses at its campus . Additional Advanced Placement courses and electives are available to students who elect to attend the Center for Advanced Studies and the Arts ( CASA ) , an afternoon consortium school run jointly by Berkley and six neighboring school districts . Their newspaper is The Spectator , which is a member of the High School National Ad Network . The principal is Andrew Meloche . The assistant principals are Carolyn Cregar and Shamika Womble . Berkley High School has been accredited by the Michigan North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement since the 1928-29 school year . As of the 2012-13 school year , the school had an enrollment of 1,250 students and 74.6 classroom teachers ( on an FTE basis ) , for a student-teacher ratio of 18.1 . Berkley High School was named to Newsweeks 2013 list of 2,000 Best High Schools in the nation - ranked 22nd in Michigan . This ranking highlights the schools that have proven to be the most effective in turning out college-ready graduates ."}]}, {'value': 'Notre Dame', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Notre Dame Fighting Irish men 's basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame , Indiana , United States . The program competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference of NCAA Division I . On September 12 , 2012 , Notre Dame announced they would be moving to the Atlantic Coast Conference ; they joined the conference on July 1 , 2013 . The school holds two retroactively awarded national championships in basketball from the Helms Foundation : for the 1927 ( 19-1 overall record ) and 1936 ( 22-2-1 overall record ) seasons . They have also played in the NCAA Tournament 36 times , good for 9th all time , and reached the Final Four in 1978 . The Irish hold the record for most Tournament appearances without a championship or championship game appearance , one of five teams ( along with Texas , Temple , Illinois and Oklahoma ) to have 30 or more appearances without a title and one of three teams ( along with Texas and Temple ) to have more than 30 appearances without either . They are also the first Big East team to go undefeated at home two straight seasons . They play their home games in the Purcell Pavilion at the Edmund P. Joyce Center . Since moving to the Purcell Pavilion in 1968 , they have had 44 winning seasons at the Purcell Pavilion , including 5 undefeated seasons at home ( 1973 , 1985 , 2006 , 2007 , and 2010 ) and have had only 4 losing seasons at the Purcell Pavilion ( 1971 , 1981 , 1992 , and 1995 ) . Jeff Sagarin and ESPN listed the program 12th in the college basketball all-time rankings in the ESPN College Basketball Encyclopedia . The Fighting Irish are currently coached by Mike Brey ."}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saginaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saginaw_High_School', 'summary': "Saginaw High School ( part of the Saginaw City School District ) is located in Saginaw , Michigan , USA . The student enrollment is 593 students . The school 's mission statement is Saginaw High is committed to ensuring a safe and academic environment where the students will become academically proficient , life long learners , and productive citizens ."}]}, {'value': 'Nevada-Las Vegas', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The UNLV Runnin ' Rebels are the mens basketball team that represent the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , in the Mountain West Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) ; it plays at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas . As of 2009 , UNLV had the fourth-highest winning percentage ( .712 ) in Division I history , ranking behind Kentucky , North Carolina and Kansas , but ahead of UCLA and Duke . UNLV is 33-19 all-time in the NCAA tournament with a 63.5 winning percentage . In July 2008 , ESPNU named the program the eighth most prestigious collegiate basketball program in the nation since the 1984-85 season ."}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom LaGarde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_LaGarde', 'summary': 'Thomas Joseph LaGarde ( born February 10 , 1955 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1977 to 1985 . LaGarde earned a Gold medal as a member of Team USA in the 1976 Olympics , and an NBA Championship in 1979 with the Seattle Super Sonics .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Catholic Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Catholic_Central_High_School', 'summary': "Detroit Catholic Central High School , commonly known as Catholic Central ( CC ) , is a private , Catholic , all-male , college preparatory high school in Novi , Michigan , United States . Founded in 1928 in Detroit , Michigan by the Archdiocese of Detroit , the school is operated by the Congregation of St . Basil . The school was originally located on Harper Avenue in Detroit with an enrollment of 280 students ; the school has made several moves in its history and now has an enrollment of over 1,000 students at its 60-acre ( 240,000 m2 ) campus in Novi . Teach Me Goodness , Discipline , and Knowledge is the motto of the school in which it strives to prepare young men to become productive members of church and society . The schools mascot , the Shamrock , represents the three persons of the Trinity , as shamrocks have three clovers . The school colors , royal blue and white , are the colors of the school 's patron and alma mater - the Virgin Mary ."}]}, {'value': 'North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/North_Carolina_Tar_Heels_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The North Carolina Tar Heels men 's basketball program is the intercollegiate men 's basketball team of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The Tar Heels have won six Men 's Basketball National Championships ( 1957 , 1982 , 1993 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2017 ) . North Carolina 's six NCAA Tournament Championships are third-most all-time , behind University of California , Los Angeles ( 11 ) and University of Kentucky ( 8 ) . They have also won 18 Atlantic Coast Conference tournament titles , 32 Atlantic Coast Conference regular season titles , and an Atlantic Coast Conference record 20 outright Regular Season Championships . The program has produced many notable players who went on to play in the NBA , including three of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History : Billy Cunningham , Michael Jordan and James Worthy . Many Tar Heel assistant coaches have gone on to become head coaches elsewhere . From the Tar Heels ' first season in 1910-11 through the 2018-19 season , the program has amassed a .739 all-time winning percentage ( second highest all-time ) , winning 2,261 games and losing 799 games in 109 seasons . The Tar Heels also have the most consecutive 20-win seasons with 31 seasons from the 1970-71 season through the 2000-2001 season . On March 2 , 2010 , North Carolina became the second college basketball program to reach 2,000 wins in its history . The Tar Heels are currently ranked 3rd all time in wins trailing Kentucky by 34 games and Kansas by 13 games . The Tar Heels are one of only four Division I Men 's Basketball programs to have ever achieved 2,000 victories . Kentucky , Kansas , and Duke are the other three ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larry Fogle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Fogle', 'summary': 'Larry Fogle ( born March 19 , 1953 ) is a retired American basketball player . He was an American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) draft pick . He played in two games for the New York Knicks during 1975-1976 before playing for the CBA and starring on the Rochester Zeniths 1977-78 championship team .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Cooley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooley_High_School', 'summary': 'Thomas M. Cooley High School is located at the intersection of Hubbell Avenue and Chalfonte Street , on the northwest side of Detroit , Michigan . The three-story , Mediterranean Revival-style facility opened its doors on September 4 , 1928 . The school was named in honor of Thomas M. Cooley , a nineteenth-century jurist and former Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court . Cooley was also a charter member , and first chairman , of the Federal Interstate Commerce Commission . Due to budget constraints and declining enrollment , Cooley High School was closed at the end of the 2009-2010 academic year . On September 30 , 2017 , a fire severely damaged the auditorium and surrounding rooms .'}]}, {'value': 'Canisius', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Canisius_Golden_Griffins_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Canisius Golden Griffins men 's basketball team , or the Griffs , represent Canisius College in Buffalo , New York , United States . Canisius is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference and play their home games at Koessler Center . The head coach is Reggie Witherspoon ."}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Campy Russell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campy_Russell', 'summary': "Michael Campanella Campy Russell ( born January 12 , 1952 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played the forward position in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for the Cleveland Cavaliers and New York Knicks for nine years ( 1975-1982 , 1985 ) and played in the 1979 NBA All-Star Game . Before joining the NBA , Russell was a star player at the University of Michigan . Russell played three seasons at Michigan , and in his junior year he averaged 23.7 points per game . He was named an All American that year . During his All Star season in the NBA in 1978-1979 , Russell averaged 21.9 points , 6.8 rebounds and 4.7 assists per game for the Cavaliers . Today , Russell works in the Cavaliers ' front office as Director of Alumni Relations . He is also a co-host of the Cavaliers ' pregame and postgame show ( Cavaliers Live , alongside Jeff Phelps ) on FS Ohio ."}]}, {'value': 'Pontiac Central', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pontiac_Central_High_School', 'summary': 'Pontiac Central High School was one of two public high schools in Pontiac , Michigan , United States . It had been an accredited high school from 1849 until its closing on June 12 , 2009 . By December 2008 administrators had plans to consolidate it with Pontiac Northern High School to form Pontiac High School . Until 1958 , the school was known as Pontiac High School ; it took on its final name upon the opening of Pontiac Northern High School , where the current Pontiac High School stands . The final incarnation of Pontiac Central , a precast concrete building , was built in 1972 , replacing a brick building built in 1913 .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rick Drewitz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garden City West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garden_City_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': 'Garden City High School is a public high school located in Garden City , Michigan , United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Kentucky_Wildcats_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Kentucky Wildcats men 's basketball team is an American college basketball team that represents the University of Kentucky . Kentucky is the most successful NCAA Division I basketball program in history in terms of both all-time wins ( 2,293 ) and all-time winning percentage ( .765 ) . The Wildcats are currently coached by John Calipari . Kentucky leads all schools in total NCAA tournament appearances ( 59 ) , NCAA tournament wins ( 131 ) , NCAA Tournament games played ( 184 ) , NCAA Sweet Sixteen appearances ( 45 ) , NCAA Elite Eight appearances ( 38 ) , and total postseason tournament appearances ( 68 ) . Further , Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours ( tied for 2nd place all-time with UCLA ) , 12 NCAA Championship games , and has won 8 NCAA championships ( second only to UCLA 's 11 ) . In addition to these titles , Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament ( NIT ) in both 1946 and 1976 , making it the only school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships . Kentucky also leads all schools with sixty-three 20-win seasons , sixteen 30-win seasons , and six 35-win seasons . Throughout its history , the Kentucky basketball program has featured many notable and successful players , both on the collegiate level and the professional level . Kentucky holds the record for the most overall NBA Draft selections ( 128 ) and three Wildcats have been selected as the first overall pick ( John Wall , Anthony Davis , and Karl Anthony-Towns ) . The Wildcats have also been led by many successful head coaches , including Adolph Rupp , Joe B . Hall , Eddie Sutton , Rick Pitino , Tubby Smith , and John Calipari . Kentucky is the only program with 5 different NCAA Championship coaches ( Rupp , Hall , Pitino , Smith , Calipari ) ."}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernie Johnson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grand Rapids Ottawa Hills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ottawa_Hills_High_School_(Michigan)', 'summary': 'Ottawa Hills High School is a high school in Grand Rapids , Michigan . Ottawa Hills is one of five high schools of the Grand Rapids Public Schools . The school colors are orange and black , and the athletic teams are referred to as the Bengals . They were previously referred to as the Indians .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralph Simpson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Simpson', 'summary': 'Ralph Derek Simpson ( born August 10 , 1949 ) is a retired American basketball player . He played professionally in the American Basketball Association ( ABA ) and National Basketball Association ( NBA ) from 1970 to 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Pershing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pershing_High_School', 'summary': 'John J. Pershing High School is a public high school in Detroit , Michigan , United States . It is a part of Detroit Public Schools . It is in Conant Gardens , in proximity to the residential areas . It also serves Krainz Woods . DPS will re-assume control of Pershing High in fall 2017 . [ needs update ] In 2012 Kettering High School closed , and some students were rezoned to Pershing . The school is currently managed by the Education Achievement Authority ( EAA ) , which took over control of the school in 2012 . In 2014 a teacher used a broom to attempt to break up a fight between two students ; as a result , she was fired by the EAA . A video of the fight had been posted online . Later the EAA offered her back a job , but she declined , and in 2015 she sued the EAA in federal court .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan State Spartans men 's basketball team represents Michigan State University ( MSU ) and compete in the Big Ten Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball . Their home games are played at the Breslin Student Events Center . Tom Izzo has been the head coach since 1995 . The Spartans have won two NCAA championships and 15 Big Ten Conference Championships . Their two National Championships came in the 1979 NCAA Tournament and the 2000 NCAA Tournament . The 1979 National Championship Game was the most watched college basketball game in history , with 35.11 million television viewers . The 1979 National Championship team was coached by Jud Heathcote and included tournament MVP Magic Johnson , Greg Kelser and Jay Vincent . The Spartans defeated the previously unbeaten Indiana State Sycamores , led by future Hall of Famer Larry Bird . The 2000 National Championship team defeated the Florida Gators men 's basketball team in the final . The team was coached by Tom Izzo and led by players Morris Peterson , Charlie Bell , Jason Richardson and tournament MVP Mateen Cleaves . The Spartans have participated in 33 NCAA tournaments and in 22 consecutive NCAA tournaments ( 1998-2019 ) , the fourth-longest streak ever and third-longest active streak in college basketball , behind Kansas ( 29 ) and Duke ( 23 ) . Michigan State has the sixth most all-time Final Four appearances with ten ( 1957 , 1979 , 1999 , 2000 , 2001 , 2005 , 2009 , 2010 , 2015 , and 2019 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spencer Haywood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spencer_Haywood', 'summary': 'Spencer Haywood ( born April 22 , 1949 ) is an American former professional basketball player and Olympic Gold Medalist . Haywood is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame , being inducted in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Pershing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pershing_High_School', 'summary': 'John J. Pershing High School is a public high school in Detroit , Michigan , United States . It is a part of Detroit Public Schools . It is in Conant Gardens , in proximity to the residential areas . It also serves Krainz Woods . DPS will re-assume control of Pershing High in fall 2017 . [ needs update ] In 2012 Kettering High School closed , and some students were rezoned to Pershing . The school is currently managed by the Education Achievement Authority ( EAA ) , which took over control of the school in 2012 . In 2014 a teacher used a broom to attempt to break up a fight between two students ; as a result , she was fired by the EAA . A video of the fight had been posted online . Later the EAA offered her back a job , but she declined , and in 2015 she sued the EAA in federal court .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Detroit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy', 'summary': 'The University of Detroit Mercy ( UDM ) is a private , Roman Catholic university in Detroit , Michigan , sponsored by both the Society of Jesus ( the Jesuits ) and the Religious Sisters of Mercy . Founded in 1877 , it is the largest Catholic university in Michigan . It has three campuses , where it offers more than a hundred academic degrees and programs of study in liberal arts , clinical psychology , business , dentistry , education , law , engineering , architecture , nursing and allied health professions . In athletics , the university sponsors 19 NCAA Division I level varsity sports for men and women . It is a member of the Horizon League .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudy Tomjanovich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudy_Tomjanovich', 'summary': "Rudolph Tomjanovich Jr. ( born November 24 , 1948 ) is an American retired basketball player and coach . Tomjanovich coached the Houston Rockets to consecutive NBA championships in 1994 and 1995 . During his playing career , Tomjanovich was a five-time NBA All-Star forward for the Rockets . Tomjanovich coached Team USA to the gold medal in men 's basketball at the 2000 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamtramck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamtramck_High_School', 'summary': 'Hamtramck High School is a public high school in Hamtramck , Michigan , United States in Metro Detroit . It is a part of Hamtramck Public Schools .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'L. C. Bowen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benton Harbor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benton_Harbor_High_School', 'summary': 'Benton Harbor High School is a high school in Benton Harbor , Michigan , United States , and is part of the Benton Harbor Area Schools .'}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willie Betts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'River Rouge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/River_Rouge_High_School', 'summary': 'River Rouge School District is a public school district serving the entire city of River Rouge , Michigan . The district is the smallest public school district in terms of area in Metro Detroit and the second smallest in terms of enrollment after the neighboring Ecorse Public Schools in Ecorse . The district encompasses 1.77 sq mi ( 4.58 km2 ) of the city of River Rouge and has an enrollment of approximately 1,420 students in three schools . River Rouge recently [ when ? ] honored one of its own , Brent Darby , by dedicating and naming the basketball court after him . His jersey number ( # 24 ) was also retired and will be displayed in the Lofton C. Greene gymnasium . [ citation needed ] Darby was part of a winning varsity basketball team that brought pride to the Panthers . [ citation needed ] Many of his teammates , friends , family and teachers were present for this dedication . Brent Darby died in 2011 . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Craig Dill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Craig_Dill', 'summary': "Craig H. Dill ( born December 17 , 1944 ) was an American basketball player . Dill played college basketball at the University of Michigan . He was a 6'11 center . Dill was drafted in the fourth round ( 11th pick , 42nd overall ) of the 1967 NBA Draft by the San Diego Rockets but opted instead to play for the Pittsburgh Pipers of the American Basketball Association . Dill was a member of the 1967-68 Pittsburgh Pipers team that won the 1968 ABA Championship . During that season Dill averaged 6.8 points and 5.8 rebounds per game ."}]}, {'value': 'Saginaw Arthur Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_Hill_High_School', 'summary': 'Arthur Hill High School is a public secondary school in Saginaw , Michigan , United States . It serves students in grades 9-12 as one of three high schools in the Saginaw Public School District .'}]}, {'value': 'Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Michigan Wolverines Men 's Basketball team is the intercollegiate men 's basketball program representing the University of Michigan . The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor , Michigan . Michigan has won one NCAA Championship as well as two National Invitation Tournaments ( NIT ) , fourteen Big Ten Conference titles and two Big Ten Tournament titles . In addition , it has won an NIT title and won a Big Ten Tournament that were vacated due to NCAA sanctions . The team is coached by Juwan Howard . Michigan has had 31 All-Americans , selected 44 times . Eight of these have been consensus All-Americans , which are Cazzie Russell ( two times ) , Rickey Green , Gary Grant , Chris Webber , Trey Burke , as well as Harry Kipke , Richard Doyle and Bennie Oosterbaan ( two-times ) who were retroactively selected by the Helms Foundation . Twelve All-Americans have been at least two-time honorees . Russell was the only three-time All-American . Michigan basketball players have been successful in professional basketball . Fifty-eight have been drafted into the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) ; twenty-six of those were first round draft picks , including both Cazzie Russell and Chris Webber who were drafted first overall ."}]}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernie Thompson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saginaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saginaw_High_School', 'summary': "Saginaw High School ( part of the Saginaw City School District ) is located in Saginaw , Michigan , USA . The student enrollment is 593 students . The school 's mission statement is Saginaw High is committed to ensuring a safe and academic environment where the students will become academically proficient , life long learners , and productive citizens ."}]}, {'value': 'Bradley', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Bradley_Braves_men's_basketball", 'summary': "The Bradley Braves men 's basketball team represents Bradley University , located in Peoria , Illinois , in NCAA Division I basketball competition . They compete as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference . The Braves are currently coached by Brian Wardle and play their home games at Carver Arena . Bradley has appeared in nine NCAA Tournaments , including two Final Fours , finishing as the national runner-up in 1950 and 1954 . They last appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2019 , and last reached the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in 2006 . The Braves have also appeared in the National Invitation Tournament 21 times with an all-time NIT record of 26-18 and have won four NIT championships ( 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1982 ) , second only to St. John 's in appearances ( 30 ) and titles ( 5 ) . Until the introduction of the Vegas 16 Tournament in 2016 , the program held the distinction of being invited to the initial offering of every national postseason tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Reggie Harding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Harding', 'summary': 'Reginald Harding ( May 4 , 1942 - September 2 , 1972 ) was an American professional basketball player . Drafted in 1962 by the Detroit Pistons , Harding is noted as the first player drafted into the NBA without having played in college . Harding spent five years in the NBA , playing for the Detroit Pistons , Chicago Bulls and later the Indiana Pacers . Harding also played for the Trenton Colonials , which were a part of the Continental Basketball Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Eastern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_High_School_(Detroit)', 'summary': "Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. High School is located at 3200 East Lafayette Boulevard in Detroit , Michigan ; the building is operated by the Detroit Board of Education . King 's district encompasses Downtown and Midtown Detroit ; it also includes Lafayette Park , the Martin Luther King Apartments and Riverfront Condominiums . The Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects were zoned to MLK prior to their demolition . In addition it includes the three Wayne State University housing complexes that permit families with children ( Chatsworth Tower , DeRoy , and University Tower ) ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Retro Mr. Basketball winners', 'section_text': "In 2010 , the BCAM began a 10-year project to honor basketball players from the period prior to the inception of the Mr. Basketball award . Each season for the next 10 years , `` Retro '' Mr. Basketball award winners will be announced . The initial awards were given to players from the years 1920 , 1930 , 1940 , 1950 , 1960 , 1970 and 1980 . Next year , awards will be announced for the seasons xxx8 from each decade . This pattern will be continued through the year 2019 when the final award winners will be selected for the seasons xxx9 from each decade . [ 4 ]", 'uid': 'Mr._Basketball_of_Michigan_1', 'intro': 'Each year the Hal Schram Mr. Basketball award is given to the person chosen as the best high school senior boys basketball player in the U.S. state of Michigan. The award is named in honor of the late Hal Schram, a sports writer at the Detroit Free Press who covered high school sports for 40 years before retiring in 1983. The award has been given since 1981 by the Basketball Coaches Association of Michigan (BCAM). Most of the award winners have gone on to play at the highest levels of college basketball, and many have gone on to play in the National Basketball Association. Voting is done on a points system. Each voter selects first, second, and third-place votes. A player receives five points for each first-place vote, three points for each second-place vote, and one point for a third-place vote. The player who receives the most points receives the award. Only actively coaching BCAM members can vote. Beginning for the 2007 award, votes may only be cast for a predetermined group of five finalists, whereas in the past, the pool was unlimited.'}
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What school did the man who was Mr Basketball three years after the man who won all three major European titles during his playing career attend ?
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Flint Northwestern
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ff946b6c322e0205
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lamborghini_concept_vehicles', 'title': 'List of Lamborghini concept vehicles', 'header': ['Car', 'Year shown', 'Venue', 'Design', 'Engine'], 'data': [{'value': '350 GTV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_350_GTV', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini 350 GTV was a Lamborghini prototype and forerunner of its first production model , the 350 GT , presented to the public at the 1963 Turin Auto Show .'}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Franco Scaglione', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franco_Scaglione', 'summary': 'Franco Scaglione ( 26 September 1916 - 19 June 1993 ) was an automobile coachwork designer .'}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': '350 GTS ( or 350 GT Spyder )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_350_GTV', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini 350 GTV was a Lamborghini prototype and forerunner of its first production model , the 350 GT , presented to the public at the 1963 Turin Auto Show .'}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Touring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carrozzeria_Touring', 'summary': "Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera is an Italian automobile coachbuilder . Originally established in Milan in 1925 , Carrozzeria Touring became well known for both the beauty of its designs and patented superleggera construction methods . The business folded in 1966 . In 2006 its brands and trademarks were purchased and a new firm established nearby to provide automotive design , engineering , coachbuilding , homologation services , non-automotive industrial design , and restoration of historic vehicles . Carrozzeria Touring was established on 25 March 1926 by Felice Bianchi Anderloni ( 1882-1948 ) and Gaetano Ponzoni . After achieving success through the middle of the 20th century , the business began to decline as automobile manufacturers replaced body-on-frame automobile construction with monocoque design and increasingly took coachbuilding in-house . After the original firm ceased production in 1966 , Carlo Felice Bianchi Anderloni and Carrozzeria Marazzi preserved the Touring Superleggera trademark and used it on several occasions to support the company 's heritage . The trademark was acquired by the current owner , a family business , which began conducting its activities in 2006 under the name Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera S.r.l . ; the new firm is headquartered nearby Milan , its hometown ."}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': '3500 GTZ', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British International Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_International_Motor_Show', 'summary': 'The British International Motor Show was an annual motor show held by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders between 1903 and 2008 in England Initially held in London at The Crystal Palace , Olympia and then the Earls Court Exhibition Centre , it moved to the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham in 1978 , where it stayed until 2004 . It was held at ExCeL London in 2006 and 2008 . The 2010 and 2012 events were cancelled due to the global financial crisis . It was succeeded by the London Motor Show in 2016 to 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Zagato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zagato', 'summary': "Zagato is an independent coachbuilding company and total design centre located northwest of Milan in the Terrazzano frazione of Rho , Lombardy , Italy . The company 's premises occupy an area of 23,000 square metres ( 250,000 sq ft ) , of which 11,000 square metres ( 120,000 sq ft ) are covered ."}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': 'Flying Star II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Flying_Star_II', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini Flying Star II ( also named Lamborghini 400 GT Flying Star II ) was a prototype concept car built by Carrozzeria Touring in 1966 on a Lamborghini front engine chassis . It debuted at the 1966 Turin Auto Show . In 1966 , Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera of Milan explored a new , and for those days very modern design concept . Their long relation with Lamborghini was celebrated with the unique Flying Star II , a fully functional prototype with surprising proportions . The car referred to the famous Touring Flying Stars of the prewar period ; a.o . on Alfa Romeo , Lancia and Isotta Fraschini . It had an aluminum V12 engine , 5 speed transmission , fully independent suspension and disc brakes all around . The new design was for a strict two-seater with a very low and compact two-volume bodywork . It represented the ultimate machine for 2 people to travel fast in style and with luggage . This would be the last design to come out of Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera , before the company was revived in 2006 and introduced the A8GCS Berlinetta Touring based on a Maserati drivetrain in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Touring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carrozzeria_Touring', 'summary': "Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera is an Italian automobile coachbuilder . Originally established in Milan in 1925 , Carrozzeria Touring became well known for both the beauty of its designs and patented superleggera construction methods . The business folded in 1966 . In 2006 its brands and trademarks were purchased and a new firm established nearby to provide automotive design , engineering , coachbuilding , homologation services , non-automotive industrial design , and restoration of historic vehicles . Carrozzeria Touring was established on 25 March 1926 by Felice Bianchi Anderloni ( 1882-1948 ) and Gaetano Ponzoni . After achieving success through the middle of the 20th century , the business began to decline as automobile manufacturers replaced body-on-frame automobile construction with monocoque design and increasingly took coachbuilding in-house . After the original firm ceased production in 1966 , Carlo Felice Bianchi Anderloni and Carrozzeria Marazzi preserved the Touring Superleggera trademark and used it on several occasions to support the company 's heritage . The trademark was acquired by the current owner , a family business , which began conducting its activities in 2006 under the name Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera S.r.l . ; the new firm is headquartered nearby Milan , its hometown ."}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': '400 GT Monza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_400_GT', 'summary': 'Lamborghini 400 GT is the name given to two grand tourers produced by Italian manufacturer Lamborghini .'}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Automobile Barcelona was held every second year at Fira de Barcelona 's Montjuïc Exhibition Centre in the city of Barcelona , Catalonia ( Spain ) . Established in 1919 , the Automobile Barcelona is one of the biggest trade fairs held at Barcelonas Fira exhibition site , with more than a million visitors . The Automobile Barcelona is one of the five major shows in the world and the most important one in Spain for both the number of visitors and participating brand names ."}]}, {'value': 'Carrozzeria Neri & Bonacini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': 'Marzal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Marzal', 'summary': "The Lamborghini Marzal is a concept car , first presented by Lamborghini at the 1967 Geneva Motor Show . Designed by Marcello Gandini of Bertone , it was created to supply Ferruccio Lamborghini with a true four-seater car for his lineup which already included the 400GT 2+2 and the Miura . It was distinguished by amply glazed gull-wing doors and an equally amply louvered rear window . Propulsion was by a 2.0 L 175 bhp ( 130 kW ) inline-six engine , actually a split-in-half version of Lamborghini 's 4.0 L V12 , mated to a 5-speed transmission . The Marzal remained a one-off , though the general shape and many of the ideas would later be used in the Lamborghini Espada . The Marzal design probably found wider recognition as a die-cast model , with both Dinky Toys and Matchbox making scale models , albeit in other colours such as orange , despite the original show car being painted silver . The Marzal appeared in action at a public event for the first time at the 1967 Monaco Grand Prix when Prince Rainier III , accompanied by his wife , Princess Grace , drove the car on his traditional parade lap before the start of the race . The car made a second public appearance at the 1996 Concours Italiano in Monterey , California in honor of Carrozzeria Bertone . The Lamborghini Athon was also exhibited at this time . The Marzal was located for a long time in the Bertone Design Study Museum , and it was sold in auction at Villa d'Este ( Italy ) on 21 May 2011 , for the highest bid of 1,350,000 Euros , approximately 2 million dollars ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva . The show is hosted at the Palexpo , a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport . The Salon is organised by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , and is considered an important major international auto show . First held in 1905 , the Salon has hosted almost all major internal combustion engined models in the history of the automobile , along with benzene- and steam-powered cars from the beginning of the century . Exotic supercars often steal the spotlight during their debuts at the show . Prototypes , new equipment , technical breakthroughs , international partnerships , as well as political and social debates , have been announced at the exhibition . The show is regarded as a level playing field for the world 's automakers , aided by the fact Switzerland lacks an auto industry of its own ."}]}, {'value': 'Bertone / Marcello Gandini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone', 'summary': 'Gruppo Bertone , commonly known simply as Bertone , was an Italian automobile company , which specialized in car styling , coachbuilding and manufacturing . Bertone styling is distinctive , with most cars having a strong family resemblance even if they are badged by different manufacturers . Bertone has styled cars for Abarth , Alfa Romeo , Aston Martin , Citroën , Ferrari , FIAT , Iso , Lancia , Lamborghini , Mercedes-Benz , Opel and Volvo , among others . In addition , the Bertone studio was responsible for two of the later designs of the Lambretta motorscooter . In the late 1980s , Bertone styled the K20 motorcycle helmet for Swiss bicycle and motorcycle helmet manufacturer Kiwi . [ citation needed ] The company was based in Grugliasco in northern Italy . Gruppo Bertone was founded as Carrozzeria Bertone in 1912 by Giovanni Bertone . Designer Nuccio Bertone took charge of the company after World War II and the company was divided into two units : Carrozzeria for manufacturing and Stile Bertone for styling . Until its bankruptcy in 2014 , the company was headed by the widow of Nuccio Bertone , Lilli Bertone . After its bankruptcy , the Bertone name was retained by some of its former employees who continued as a Milan-based design company , Bertone Design .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Marcello_Gandini', 'summary': 'Marcello Gandini ( born 26 August 1938 ) is an Italian car designer , known for his work with the automotive design house Gruppo Bertone , including his designs of the Lamborghini Miura , Countach and the Lamborghini Diablo . Gandini , along with noted Italian car designers Giorgetto Giugiaro and Leonardo Fioravanti , were all born in 1938 , within months of each other . In a 2009 interview with Robert Cumberford , editor at Automobile Magazine , Gandini indicated his design interests are focused on vehicle architecture , construction , assembly , and mechanisms - not appearance . Gandini was one of twenty-five designers nominated for Car Designer of the Century . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Straight 6', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Straight-six_engine', 'summary': 'The straight-six engine or inline-six engine ( often abbreviated I6 or L6 ) is an internal combustion engine with the cylinders mounted in a straight line along the crankcase with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft ( straight engine ) . The bank of cylinders may be oriented at any angle , and where the bank is inclined away from the vertical , the engine is sometimes called a slant-six ( although this is also a Chrysler-specific design ) . The straight-six layout is the simplest engine layout that possesses both primary and secondary mechanical engine balance , resulting in much less vibration than engines with fewer cylinders .'}]}, {'value': 'Miura Roadster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Miura', 'summary': "The Lamborghini Miura is a sports car produced by Italian automaker Lamborghini between 1966 and 1973 . The car was the first supercar with a rear mid-engined two-seat layout , although the concept was first pioneered by René Bonnet with the Matra Djet in 1964 . This layout has since become the standard for high-performance sports and supercars . When released , it was the fastest production road car . The Miura was originally conceived by Lamborghini 's engineering team , which designed the car in its spare time against the wishes of company founder Ferruccio Lamborghini , who preferred powerful yet sedate grand touring cars over the race car-derived machines produced by local rival Ferrari . The Miura 's rolling chassis was presented at the 1965 Turin Auto Show , and the prototype P400 debuted at the 1966 Geneva Motor Show . It received stellar receptions from showgoers and the motoring press alike , each impressed by Marcello Gandini 's sleek styling and the car 's revolutionary mid-engine design . Lamborghini 's flagship , the Miura received periodic updates and remained in production until 1973 . A year later the extreme Countach entered the company 's lineup , amid tumultuous financial times for the company ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels Auto Show', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bertone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone', 'summary': 'Gruppo Bertone , commonly known simply as Bertone , was an Italian automobile company , which specialized in car styling , coachbuilding and manufacturing . Bertone styling is distinctive , with most cars having a strong family resemblance even if they are badged by different manufacturers . Bertone has styled cars for Abarth , Alfa Romeo , Aston Martin , Citroën , Ferrari , FIAT , Iso , Lancia , Lamborghini , Mercedes-Benz , Opel and Volvo , among others . In addition , the Bertone studio was responsible for two of the later designs of the Lambretta motorscooter . In the late 1980s , Bertone styled the K20 motorcycle helmet for Swiss bicycle and motorcycle helmet manufacturer Kiwi . [ citation needed ] The company was based in Grugliasco in northern Italy . Gruppo Bertone was founded as Carrozzeria Bertone in 1912 by Giovanni Bertone . Designer Nuccio Bertone took charge of the company after World War II and the company was divided into two units : Carrozzeria for manufacturing and Stile Bertone for styling . Until its bankruptcy in 2014 , the company was headed by the widow of Nuccio Bertone , Lilli Bertone . After its bankruptcy , the Bertone name was retained by some of its former employees who continued as a Milan-based design company , Bertone Design .'}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': 'Bravo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Bravo', 'summary': "The Lamborghini Bravo was a concept car designed by Marcello Gandini at Bertone for Lamborghini . It was first presented in 1974 at the Turin Auto Show . The Bravo was designed to showcase ideas for a replacement to the Urraco . The completely working prototype featured a 3L 300 hp ( 224 kW ) V8 that powered the rear wheels , and underwent nearly 168,000 miles ( 270,000 km ) of testing before it was placed in the Bertone museum . It was never put into production , but many styling features were inspired by the Countach , including the angular features and the window arrangement , but the interior was never more than what was barely necessary to operate the vehicle . In 1987 it was considered for production as a companion car to the Bertone built Fiat X1/9 . That Project 1 was , however , ended when Fiat stopped the production of the 1.5L SOHC engine and rear-mounted 5-speed transaxle . [ citation needed ] Car chassis number 46 01 ( originally painted gold , repainted white ) was sold in auction at Villa d'Este ( Italy ) on 21 May 2011 , for the highest bidder of €588,000 . Prior being offered at the auction the Bravo was the only car from the Bertone Museum that was refreshed . Car chassis number 46 02 ( painted green ) was crash tested in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Bertone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone', 'summary': 'Gruppo Bertone , commonly known simply as Bertone , was an Italian automobile company , which specialized in car styling , coachbuilding and manufacturing . Bertone styling is distinctive , with most cars having a strong family resemblance even if they are badged by different manufacturers . Bertone has styled cars for Abarth , Alfa Romeo , Aston Martin , Citroën , Ferrari , FIAT , Iso , Lancia , Lamborghini , Mercedes-Benz , Opel and Volvo , among others . In addition , the Bertone studio was responsible for two of the later designs of the Lambretta motorscooter . In the late 1980s , Bertone styled the K20 motorcycle helmet for Swiss bicycle and motorcycle helmet manufacturer Kiwi . [ citation needed ] The company was based in Grugliasco in northern Italy . Gruppo Bertone was founded as Carrozzeria Bertone in 1912 by Giovanni Bertone . Designer Nuccio Bertone took charge of the company after World War II and the company was divided into two units : Carrozzeria for manufacturing and Stile Bertone for styling . Until its bankruptcy in 2014 , the company was headed by the widow of Nuccio Bertone , Lilli Bertone . After its bankruptcy , the Bertone name was retained by some of its former employees who continued as a Milan-based design company , Bertone Design .'}]}, {'value': 'V8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V8', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini V8 is a ninety degree ( 90° ) V8 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini in the 1970s for their less-expensive vehicles . It was only the second internal combustion engine ever developed by the company , and first saw production for the 1971 Lamborghini Urraco . It was designed by Gian Paolo Dallara . The all-aluminium alloy engine was introduced as a 2.5-litre variant , displacing 2,463 cc ( 150.3 cu in ) , but was expanded , by increasing the piston stroke to a 3.0-litre variant for 1975 - now displacing 2,997 cc ( 182.9 cu in ) . A 2.0-litre reduced-stroke version was also introduced in 1975 for sale in Italy , displacing 1,994 cc ( 121.7 cu in ) , because of Italian legislation which imposed punitive taxes on cars whose engines displaced more than 2.0 litres . This V8 engine was also used in two other models , the Lamborghini Silhouette in 1976-1977 in which it kept the 3.0-litre displacement , and the slightly updated replacement in 1982 , the Lamborghini Jalpa , which saw the engine increased in size to 3.5 litres , displacing 3,485 cc ( 212.7 cu in ) , for ease in meeting ever-tighter emissions requirements .'}]}, {'value': 'Cheetah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Cheetah', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini Cheetah was an off-road prototype built in 1977 by the Italian carmaker Lamborghini .'}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva . The show is hosted at the Palexpo , a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport . The Salon is organised by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , and is considered an important major international auto show . First held in 1905 , the Salon has hosted almost all major internal combustion engined models in the history of the automobile , along with benzene- and steam-powered cars from the beginning of the century . Exotic supercars often steal the spotlight during their debuts at the show . Prototypes , new equipment , technical breakthroughs , international partnerships , as well as political and social debates , have been announced at the exhibition . The show is regarded as a level playing field for the world 's automakers , aided by the fact Switzerland lacks an auto industry of its own ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamborghini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chrysler V8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chrysler_B_engine', 'summary': "The Chrysler B and RB engines are a series of big-block V8 gasoline engines introduced in 1958 to replace the Chrysler FirePower ( first generation Hemi ) engines . The B and RB engines are often referred to as wedge engines because they use wedge-shaped combustion chambers ; this differentiates them from Chrysler 's 426 Hemi big block engines that are typically referred to as Hemi or 426 Hemi due to their hemispherical shaped combustion chambers ."}]}, {'value': 'Faena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Faena', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini Espada is a 4-seat grand touring coupé built by Italian car manufacturer Lamborghini between 1968 and 1978 .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Pietro Frua', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pietro_Frua', 'summary': 'Pietro Frua ( 2 May 1913 - 28 June 1983 ) was one of the leading Italian coachbuilders and car designers during the 1950s and 1960s .'}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': 'Athon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Athon', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini Athon is a concept car designed by Bertone for Lamborghini .'}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Bertone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V8', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini V8 is a ninety degree ( 90° ) V8 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini in the 1970s for their less-expensive vehicles . It was only the second internal combustion engine ever developed by the company , and first saw production for the 1971 Lamborghini Urraco . It was designed by Gian Paolo Dallara . The all-aluminium alloy engine was introduced as a 2.5-litre variant , displacing 2,463 cc ( 150.3 cu in ) , but was expanded , by increasing the piston stroke to a 3.0-litre variant for 1975 - now displacing 2,997 cc ( 182.9 cu in ) . A 2.0-litre reduced-stroke version was also introduced in 1975 for sale in Italy , displacing 1,994 cc ( 121.7 cu in ) , because of Italian legislation which imposed punitive taxes on cars whose engines displaced more than 2.0 litres . This V8 engine was also used in two other models , the Lamborghini Silhouette in 1976-1977 in which it kept the 3.0-litre displacement , and the slightly updated replacement in 1982 , the Lamborghini Jalpa , which saw the engine increased in size to 3.5 litres , displacing 3,485 cc ( 212.7 cu in ) , for ease in meeting ever-tighter emissions requirements .'}]}, {'value': 'LM001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_LM001', 'summary': "The Lamborghini LM001 was a prototype offroad vehicle designed and built by Lamborghini . It was first revealed at the 1981 Geneva Auto Show alongside the new Jalpa . Despite the failure of the Cheetah project , the idea of a Lamborghini off-road vehicle was still very much alive , and with new capital from investors , the Cheetah concept was redesigned into the LM001 . Unlike the Cheetah 's Chrysler engine , the LM001 prototype had a 180 hp ( 134 kW ) 5.9 L ( 360 ci ) AMC-built V8 , with the intention of offering the V12 from the Countach for production models . The LM001 was found to have unfavorable handling characteristics when accelerating . This problem was traced to the placement of the engine in the rear . As a result , the LM001 was discontinued after one prototype was made ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva . The show is hosted at the Palexpo , a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport . The Salon is organised by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , and is considered an important major international auto show . First held in 1905 , the Salon has hosted almost all major internal combustion engined models in the history of the automobile , along with benzene- and steam-powered cars from the beginning of the century . Exotic supercars often steal the spotlight during their debuts at the show . Prototypes , new equipment , technical breakthroughs , international partnerships , as well as political and social debates , have been announced at the exhibition . The show is regarded as a level playing field for the world 's automakers , aided by the fact Switzerland lacks an auto industry of its own ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamborghini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMC V8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AMC_V8_engine', 'summary': 'American Motors Corporation ( AMC ) designed and manufactured two distinct V8 engine designs . Their first V8 engine design was made from 1956 through 1967 . The second design debuted in 1966 and was made through 1991 . Chrysler kept the last design in production until 1991 for the Jeep Grand Wagoneer .'}]}, {'value': 'LMA002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_LMA002', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini LMA002 ( Lamborghini Mimran Anteriore 002 ; Lamborghini , Mimran , front-engined 002 ) was a prototype offroad vehicle designed and built by Lamborghini while the company was headed by the then 26-year-old Patrick Mimran . It was a followup to the LM001 and was first presented at the 1982 Geneva Auto Show . Finally seeing the problems with their initial designs ( the Cheetah , and the LM001 ) , Lamborghini decided to move the engine to the front . This required a redesign of the entire chassis . This was also the first time the V12 engine from the Countach was actually used in an offroad vehicle , producing 332 bhp ( 248 kW ; 337 PS ) and 314 lb⋅ft ( 426 N⋅m ) of torque , significantly more power than its predecessors . The redesign used a tubular steel spaceframe and increased the overall weight by about 500 kg to 2,600 kg ( 5,732 lb ) . Moving the engine also freed up a large amount of space in the rear , which allowed for enough room to fit 6 more passengers , for a total of 11 occupants . The increased weight required a suspension redesign and the addition of power steering . A five-speed transmission with a hydraulic clutch was used . Also , for the first time the four-wheel-drive capabilities could be turned off , allowing the vehicle to become only rear-wheel drive when desired . The front differential provided a maximum lock of 25 percent , while the rear and center ones could lock up to 75 percent . The center differential could also be fully locked mechanically for the severest off-roading .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva . The show is hosted at the Palexpo , a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport . The Salon is organised by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , and is considered an important major international auto show . First held in 1905 , the Salon has hosted almost all major internal combustion engined models in the history of the automobile , along with benzene- and steam-powered cars from the beginning of the century . Exotic supercars often steal the spotlight during their debuts at the show . Prototypes , new equipment , technical breakthroughs , international partnerships , as well as political and social debates , have been announced at the exhibition . The show is regarded as a level playing field for the world 's automakers , aided by the fact Switzerland lacks an auto industry of its own ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamborghini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': 'Marco Polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Marco_Polo', 'summary': "The Lamborghini Marco Polo , or Italdesign Marco Polo , was a styling exercise by Italdesign Giugiaro . Introduced in 1982 at the Bologna Motor Show , the Marco Polo was inspired by the Lancia Medusa concept car designed by Italdesign two years prior . The design was originally intended for an upcoming DeLorean DMC-24 sedan , but DMC ran out of money before the concept was finished . Italdesign then recycled the design into a concept for Lamborghini . The wheels on the Marco Polo are standard DeLorean alloys covered by hubcaps . The Marco Polo is not a running prototype , rather the design is only a painted plastic model for aerodynamic research . The Lamborghini badge on the nose of the car was not to imply any design program undertaken with the factory but was a compliment paid by Giugiaro to the famous manufacturer that became noteworthy for pushing the limits of automotive design . Although Lamborghini has a more exciting image to its products , Giugiaro decided to give this study a less aggressive line , preferring instead to focus on aerodynamic efficiency in order to provide a quieter passenger compartment and higher speed while maintaining fuel consumption . As such , the Marco Polo features a Cx of 0.24 , compared to the Medusa 's 0.26 . The Marco Polo , while a four-seater , has only two doors of the gullwing style , like the ones used on the Marzal , which can be opened from either the front or back seats ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bologna Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bologna_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Bologna Motor Show ( known as the Salone internazionale dell'auto e della moto di Bologna in Italian ) is an auto show scheduled to be held annually in December , in Bologna , Italy . The editions of 2009 and 2012 were the shortest events in its history , whereas the editions of 2013 and 2015 were not held due to unfavourable economic conditions initially , and a lack of planning by new organizers and diminished interest by exhibitors , respectively . The edition of 2018 was also cancelled as well . As its name in Italian suggests , the Bologna Motor Show also plays the role of an annual Motorbike Exhibition , incorporating bicycle exhibitors for the first time in 1994 . Another highlight is its various motorsport competitions , which see the participation of leading drivers and motorbike riders . From 1988 to 1996 , the main event was a Formula 1 single elimination competition , with competitors like Rubens Barrichello , Johnny Herbert , Gabriele Tarquini and Giancarlo Fisichella . From 1997 to 2007 , it featured the Euro Formula 3000 , with drivers like Thomas Biagi , André Lotterer and Marco Bonanomi ."}]}, {'value': 'Italdesign', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro', 'summary': 'Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A is a design and engineering company and brand based in Moncalieri , Italy , that traces its roots to the 1968 foundation of Studi Italiani Realizzazione Prototipi S.p.A by Giorgetto Giugiaro and Aldo Mantovani . Best known for its automobile design work , Italdesign also offers product design , project management , styling , packaging , engineering , modeling , prototyping and testing services to manufacturers worldwide . As of 2010 , Italdesign employs 800 people . On August 9 , 2010 , Volkswagen Group subsidiary Audis subsidiary Lamborghini acquired 90.1% of the shares of Italdesign Giugiaro S.p.A , including the brand name rights and patents . The remaining shares were sold to Audi on 28 June 2015 , with Giorgetto Giugiaro resigning from the firm at the same time .'}]}, {'value': 'none', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LM003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_LM003', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini LM003 was a very short-lived offroad prototype project designed and built by Lamborghini in an attempt to meet military needs . It was virtually identical to the LM002 , but instead of the V12 Lamborghini engine , it utilized a 5-cylinder , 150 bhp ( 112 kW ) , 3.6L turbocharged diesel engine provided by VM Motori . The engine was determined to be entirely insufficient to power the 2600 kg ( 5700 lb ) vehicle and the project was abandoned . Another model that may have been dubbed the LM003 was developed when Lamborghini was under the ownership of Megatech . They realized that the LM002 was a steady and consistent seller , so they wanted to bring it back into production with an updated design . It was to have been named the Borneo or Galileo , to differentiate it with the previous LM003 . The idea was taken to SZ Design , an offshoot of Zagato , but it never went past a few concept drawings that looked vaguely similar to a modern Range Rover .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Announced , but not shown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lamborghini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VM Motori straight-5 Diesel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VM_Motori', 'summary': 'VM Motori S.p.A. is an Italian diesel engine manufacturing company which is wholly owned by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles through its subsidiary Fiat Group Automobiles . VM headquarters and main production facilities are located in Cento , in Emilia-Romagna , Italy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Straight-five_engine', 'summary': 'The straight-five engine or inline-five engine is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned in one row or plane , sharing a single engine block and crankcase . The justification for a five cylinder engine is that it is almost as compact as an inline-four , and almost as smooth as a straight-six engine . A variation of the inline-five is the narrow-angle V5 ( such as the Volkswagen V5 engine ) which has a single cylinder head and cylinder block but uses the narrow-angle cylinder offset to reduce the overall length compared to a conventional inline-five . It was not available within North America .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Diesel_engine', 'summary': 'The diesel engine ( also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine ) , named after Rudolf Diesel , is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to the mechanical compression ( adiabatic compression ) . This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine ( gasoline engine ) or gas engine ( using a gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol ) , which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture . Diesel engines work by compressing only the air . This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously . With the fuel being injected into the air just before combustion , the dispersion of the fuel is uneven ; this is called a heterogeneous air-fuel mixture . The torque a diesel engine produces is controlled by manipulating the air-fuel ratio ( λ ) ; instead of throttling the intake air , the diesel engine relies on altering the amount of fuel that is injected , and the air-fuel ratio is usually high . The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency ( engine efficiency ) of any practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high expansion ratio and inherent lean burn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air . A small efficiency loss is also avoided compared with two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburned fuel is not present at valve overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust . Low-speed diesel engines ( as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant ) can reach effective efficiencies of up to 55% . Diesel engines may be designed as either two-stroke or four-stroke cycles . They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines . Since the 1910s they have been used in submarines and ships .'}]}, {'value': 'LM004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_LM004', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini LM004 was a prototype off-road vehicle designed and built by Lamborghini . The LM004 was essentially a modified LM002 , but in order to try to make it appeal to a new range of customers it was outfitted with bucket seats , a phone , a refrigerator , and several other luxury features . The main change in the new vehicle was to outfit it with an all new , noticeably larger , 420 bhp ( 313 kW ) , 7 L V12 engine . The engine did not perform as well as expected , and the increase in weight and size was determined to not be worth the additional development . Only a single prototype was produced .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Autocar , May 1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Autocar_(magazine)', 'summary': "Autocar ( originally The Autocar ) is a weekly British automobile magazine published by the Haymarket Media Group . It was first published in 1895 and refers to itself as the world 's oldest car magazine . There are now several international editions including China , India , New Zealand and South Africa ."}]}, {'value': 'Lamborghini', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'V12 marine engine', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portofino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Portofino', 'summary': "The Lamborghini Portofino is a concept car developed for Lamborghini by Kevin Verduyn , one of Chrysler 's chief designers . Introduced at the 1987 Frankfurt Auto Show , it was a fully functional , four-door , four-seat sport sedan ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frankfurt Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankfurt_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The International Motor Show Germany or simply International Motor Show , in German known as the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung ( IAA - International Automobile Exhibition ) , is the world 's largest motor show . It is held annually , with passenger vehicles ( including some motorcycles ) being displayed in odd-numbered years in Frankfurt am Main , and commercial vehicles in even-numbered years in Hanover , Germany . Before 1991 , the show was held solely in Frankfurt . The IAA is organized by the Verband der Automobilindustrie ( VDA - Association of the German Automotive Industry ) and is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles . Formerly , the show in Frankfurt occupied twelve buildings ."}]}, {'value': 'Chrysler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chrysler', 'summary': 'Chrysler ( /ˈkraɪslər/ ; officially FCA US LLC , the first acronym standing for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles ) is one of the Big Three automobile manufacturers in the United States , headquartered in Auburn Hills , Michigan . The original Chrysler Corporation was founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler from the remains of the Maxwell Motor Company . In 1998 , it was acquired by Daimler-Benz , and the holding company was renamed DaimlerChrysler . After Daimler divested Chrysler in 2007 , the company existed as Chrysler LLC ( 2007-2009 ) and Chrysler Group LLC ( 2009-2014 ) before merging in 2014 with Italian holding company Fiat S.p.A. and becoming a subsidiary of its successor Fiat Chrysler Automobiles . In addition to the Chrysler brand , FCA sells vehicles worldwide under the Dodge , Jeep , and Ram nameplates . Furthermore , the subsidiary includes Mopar , its automotive parts and accessories division , and SRT , its performance automobile division . After founding the company , Walter Chrysler used the General Motors brand diversification and hierarchy strategy that he had seen working for Buick , and acquired Fargo Trucks and Dodge Brothers , and created the Plymouth and DeSoto brands in 1928 . Facing postwar declines in market share , productivity , and profitability , as GM and Ford were growing , Chrysler borrowed $ 250 million in 1954 from Prudential Insurance to pay for expansion and updated car designs . Chrysler expanded into Europe by taking control of French , British and Spanish auto companies in the 1960s ; Chrysler Europe was sold in 1978 to PSA Peugeot Citroën for $ 1 . The company struggled to adapt to changing markets , increased U.S. import competition , and safety and environmental regulation in the 1970s . It began an engineering partnership with Mitsubishi Motors , and began selling Mitsubishi vehicles branded as Dodge and Plymouth in North America . On the verge of bankruptcy in the late 1970s , it was saved by $ 1.5 billion in loan guarantees from the U.S. government .'}]}, {'value': 'V8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V8', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini V8 is a ninety degree ( 90° ) V8 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini in the 1970s for their less-expensive vehicles . It was only the second internal combustion engine ever developed by the company , and first saw production for the 1971 Lamborghini Urraco . It was designed by Gian Paolo Dallara . The all-aluminium alloy engine was introduced as a 2.5-litre variant , displacing 2,463 cc ( 150.3 cu in ) , but was expanded , by increasing the piston stroke to a 3.0-litre variant for 1975 - now displacing 2,997 cc ( 182.9 cu in ) . A 2.0-litre reduced-stroke version was also introduced in 1975 for sale in Italy , displacing 1,994 cc ( 121.7 cu in ) , because of Italian legislation which imposed punitive taxes on cars whose engines displaced more than 2.0 litres . This V8 engine was also used in two other models , the Lamborghini Silhouette in 1976-1977 in which it kept the 3.0-litre displacement , and the slightly updated replacement in 1982 , the Lamborghini Jalpa , which saw the engine increased in size to 3.5 litres , displacing 3,485 cc ( 212.7 cu in ) , for ease in meeting ever-tighter emissions requirements .'}]}, {'value': 'Bertone Genesis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bertone_Genesis', 'summary': 'The Bertone Genesis or sometimes referred to as the Lamborghini Genesis was a Bertone designed concept car using Lamborghini parts . It was first displayed to the public at the 1988 Turin Auto Show . The Genesis is a five-door minivan and features gull-wing doors in the front and sliding doors at the back . It was powered by the same 455 bhp ( 339 kW ) 5.2 L V12 engine found in the Lamborghini Countach Quattrovalvole , mated to a 3 speed TorqueFlite automatic transmission sending power to the rear wheels . The Genesis was significantly slower than the Countach though , with a weight of around 1,800 kg ( 3,968 lb ) combined with the shorter gear ratios from the Chrysler 3-speed transmission . While the LM002 had recently finished production , freeing up potential assembly space for the Genesis , or a vehicle like it , it was never really intended to go beyond the show car design study .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Bertone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gruppo_Bertone', 'summary': 'Gruppo Bertone , commonly known simply as Bertone , was an Italian automobile company , which specialized in car styling , coachbuilding and manufacturing . Bertone styling is distinctive , with most cars having a strong family resemblance even if they are badged by different manufacturers . Bertone has styled cars for Abarth , Alfa Romeo , Aston Martin , Citroën , Ferrari , FIAT , Iso , Lancia , Lamborghini , Mercedes-Benz , Opel and Volvo , among others . In addition , the Bertone studio was responsible for two of the later designs of the Lambretta motorscooter . In the late 1980s , Bertone styled the K20 motorcycle helmet for Swiss bicycle and motorcycle helmet manufacturer Kiwi . [ citation needed ] The company was based in Grugliasco in northern Italy . Gruppo Bertone was founded as Carrozzeria Bertone in 1912 by Giovanni Bertone . Designer Nuccio Bertone took charge of the company after World War II and the company was divided into two units : Carrozzeria for manufacturing and Stile Bertone for styling . Until its bankruptcy in 2014 , the company was headed by the widow of Nuccio Bertone , Lilli Bertone . After its bankruptcy , the Bertone name was retained by some of its former employees who continued as a Milan-based design company , Bertone Design .'}]}, {'value': 'V12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V12', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V12 refers to the flagship V12 engine used by Lamborghini . Lamborghini has had two generations of V12 engines through their history , both of which were developed in-house . The first-generation Lamborghini V12 was a sixty degree ( 60° ) V12 petrol engine designed by Lamborghini , and was the first internal combustion engine ever produced by the firm . It entered production in 1963 as a 3.5 litre displacing 3,465 cubic centimetres ( 211.4 cu in ) fitted on Lamborghini 's first car , the Lamborghini 350GT . The engine remained in use for almost fifty years , the final version of 6.5 litre displacement was installed in the Lamborghini Murciélago . Lamborghini discontinued their first-generation V12 after the Murcielago , opting for a brand-new V12 that first saw use on the Lamborghini Aventador ."}]}, {'value': 'P140', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turin Auto Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turin_Auto_Show', 'summary': "The Turin Motor Show ( Italian : Salone dell'Automobile di Torino ) was an auto show held annually in Turin , Italy . The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900 , at the Castle of Valentino , becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time . From 1972 , the show was held biannually and in 1984 , it moved into Fiat 's shuttered Lingotto factory . The event was last held in Turin in June 2000 , and cancelled from 2002 , resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy 's International Motor Show . Since 2015 , Turin again now holds a Motor Show , albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors ' costs down and provide free access to the public . It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcello Gandini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcello_Gandini', 'summary': 'Marcello Gandini ( born 26 August 1938 ) is an Italian car designer , known for his work with the automotive design house Gruppo Bertone , including his designs of the Lamborghini Miura , Countach and the Lamborghini Diablo . Gandini , along with noted Italian car designers Giorgetto Giugiaro and Leonardo Fioravanti , were all born in 1938 , within months of each other . In a 2009 interview with Robert Cumberford , editor at Automobile Magazine , Gandini indicated his design interests are focused on vehicle architecture , construction , assembly , and mechanisms - not appearance . Gandini was one of twenty-five designers nominated for Car Designer of the Century . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'V10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_V10', 'summary': "The Lamborghini V10 is a ninety degree ( 90° ) V10 petrol engine which was developed for the Lamborghini Gallardo automobile , first sold in 2003 . Developed by Lamborghini , for use in the Gallardo , and the first engine developed for Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. after they were acquired by AUDI AG - part of the Volkswagen Group . This engine has its origins in two concept cars made by Lamborghini , the 1988 P140 and the 1995 Calà . Both were equipped with engines having a 3.9-litre displacement . In the early 2000s Lamborghini resumed the project and the engine was redesigned by increasing its displacement . The crankcase and cylinder block are built at the Audi Hungaria Zrt . factory in Győr , Hungary , whilst final assembly is carried out at Sant'Agata Bolognese , Italy . The engine has a 90° vee angle and , unusually for a production engine , a dry sump lubrication system is utilised to keep the center of gravity of the engine low . There was also some speculation that the engine block of the original 5.0-litre Lamborghini V10 was closely based on the Audi 4.2 FSI V8 , which Audi produces for its luxury cars . However , this was denied by Audi AG , in their official documentation for their 5.2 FSI V10 engine , as used in the Audi S6 and Audi S8 - the Lamborghini 5.0 V10 has a cylinder bore spacing of 88 millimetres ( 3.46 in ) between centres , whereas the Audi 5.2 V10 cylinder bore spacing is 90 millimetres ( 3.54 in ) , the same as the Audi 4.2 FSI V8 . The cylinder heads use the four valves per cylinder layout favoured by the Italian firm , rather than the five valve per cylinder variation formerly favoured by the German members of Volkswagen Group - including Audi and Volkswagen Passenger Cars . It was later confirmed that the new 5.2-litre Lamborghini V10 is mechanically identical to the Audi 5.2 V10 engine , as is evident by Lamborghini 's usage of Audi 's Fuel Stratified Injection , and 90 mm cylinder spacing ."}]}, {'value': 'Diablo Roadster Prototype', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamborghini_Diablo', 'summary': 'The Lamborghini Diablo is a high-performance mid-engine sports car that was built by Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini between 1990 and 2001 . It is the first production Lamborghini capable of attaining a top speed in excess of 320 kilometres per hour ( 200 mph ) . After the end of its production run in 2001 , the Diablo was replaced by the Lamborghini Murciélago . The name Diablo means devil in Spanish .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva Motor Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva_Motor_Show', 'summary': "The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva . The show is hosted at the Palexpo , a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport . The Salon is organised by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles , and is considered an important major international auto show . First held in 1905 , the Salon has hosted almost all major internal combustion engined models in the history of the automobile , along with benzene- and steam-powered cars from the beginning of the century . Exotic supercars often steal the spotlight during their debuts at the show . Prototypes , new equipment , technical breakthroughs , international partnerships , as well as political and social debates , have been announced at the exhibition . The show is regarded as a level playing field for the world 's automakers , aided by the fact Switzerland lacks an auto industry of its own ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'The following is a list of concept automobiles that carry the name of Italian automaker Lamborghini , listed in chronological order of their presentation . For a list of Lamborghini production vehicles , please see List of Lamborghini automobiles .', 'uid': 'List_of_Lamborghini_concept_vehicles_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of concept automobiles that carry the name of Italian automaker Lamborghini, listed in chronological order of their presentation. For a list of Lamborghini production vehicles, please see List of Lamborghini automobiles.'}
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The design company that operated from 1913 to 1983 introduced a Lamborghini concept car that was based on what Lamborghini production vehicle ?
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Lamborghini Espada
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ff94bd19865d7eee
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology_people', 'title': 'List of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology people', 'header': ['Name', 'Association with RMIT', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Roland Benedikter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'former faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'political scientist ; current researcher with University of California and Stanford University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California', 'summary': "The University of California ( UC ) is a public university system in the U.S. state of California . Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education , the University of California is a part of the state 's three-system public higher education plan , which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges System . The University of California was founded on March 23 , 1868 , and operated in Oakland before moving to its campus in Berkeley in 1873 . In March 1951 , the University of California began to reorganize itself into something distinct from its campus at Berkeley , with Robert Gordon Sproul remaining in place as the first systemwide President , Clark Kerr becoming the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley , and Raymond B. Allen became the first Chancellor of UCLA . However , the 1951 reorganization was stalled by resistance from Sproul and his allies , and it was not until Kerr succeeded Sproul as President that UC was able to evolve into a system from 1957 to 1960 . In the 21st century , the University of California has 10 campuses , a combined student body of 280,380 students , 21,200 faculty members , 144,000 staff members and over 1.86 million living alumni , as governed by a semi-autonomous Board of Regents . Its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005 . Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students ; one campus , UC San Francisco , enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences . In addition , the UC Hastings College of Law , located in San Francisco , is legally affiliated with UC , but other than sharing its name is entirely autonomous from the rest of the system . The University of California also manages or co-manages three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL ) , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ( LLNL ) , and Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) . Collectively , the colleges , institutions , and alumni of the University of California make it the most comprehensive and advanced postsecondary educational system in the world , responsible for nearly $ 50 billion per year of economic impact . UC campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline , with UC faculty and researchers having won at least 62 Nobel Prizes as of 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stanford_University', 'summary': "Stanford University , officially Leland Stanford Junior University , is a private research university in Stanford , California . Stanford is known for its academic achievements , wealth , close proximity to Silicon Valley , and selectivity ; it ranks as one of the world 's top universities . The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child , Leland Stanford Jr. , who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year . Stanford was a U.S . Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon . The school admitted its first students on October 1 , 1891 , as a coeducational and non-denominational institution . Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Following World War II , Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates ' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley . The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country , becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year . The university is organized around three traditional schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate and graduate level and four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law , medicine , education , and business . Students compete in 36 varsity sports , and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference . It has gained 126 NCAA team championships , and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors ' Cup for 24 consecutive years , beginning in 1994-1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'Julian Burnside , AO , QC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julian_Burnside', 'summary': 'Julian William Kennedy Burnside AO QC ( born 9 June 1949 ) is an Australian barrister , human rights and refugee advocate , and author . He practises principally in commercial litigation , trade practices and administrative law . He is known for his staunch opposition to the mandatory detention of asylum seekers , and has provided legal counsel in a wide variety of high-profile cases . He was made an Officer of the Order of Australia in 2009 , for service as a human rights advocate , particularly for refugees and asylum seekers , to the arts as a patron and fundraiser , and to the law . He unsuccessfully stood for the Division of Kooyong at the 2019 federal election as an Australian Greens candidate , but achieved the highest vote for the Greens in the seat at a federal election and allowed the party to enter into the two-party preferred vote .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_Australia', 'summary': "The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II , Queen of Australia , to recognise Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or meritorious service . Before the establishment of the order , Australian citizens received British honours . The Queen of Australia is sovereign head of the order , while the Governor-General of Australia is the principal companion/dame/knight ( as relevant at the time ) and chancellor of the order . The governor-general 's official secretary , currently Paul Singer , is secretary of the order ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Queen's_Counsel", 'summary': "In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries , a Queen 's Counsel ( post-nominal QC ) during the reign of a queen , or King 's Counsel ( post-nominal KC ) during the reign of a king , is a lawyer ( usually a barrister or advocate ) who is appointed by the monarch of the country to be one of Her [ His ] Majesty 's Counsel learned in the law . The position originated in England . Some Commonwealth countries have either abolished the position , or re-named it so as to remove monarchical connotations , for example , Senior Counsel or Senior Advocate . Queen 's Counsel is an office , conferred by the Crown , that is recognised by courts . Members have the privilege of sitting within the bar of court . The term is recognised as an honorific . As members wear silk gowns of a particular design ( see court dress ) , appointment as Queen 's Counsel is known informally as taking silk and QCs are often colloquially called silks . Appointments are made from within the legal profession on the basis of merit rather than a particular level of experience . However , successful applicants tend to be barristers , or ( in Scotland ) advocates with 15 years of experience or more ."}]}, {'value': 'D SocSci ( honoris causa ) , former faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'barrister , human rights advocate and author', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barrister', 'summary': "A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions . Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation . Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals , drafting legal pleadings , researching the philosophy , hypothesis and history of law , and giving expert legal opinions . Barristers are distinguished from solicitors , who have more direct access to clients , and may do transactional-type legal work . It is mainly barristers who are appointed as judges , and they are rarely hired by clients directly . In some legal systems , including those of Scotland , South Africa , Scandinavia , Pakistan , India , Bangladesh , and the British Crown dependencies of Jersey , Guernsey and the Isle of Man , the word barrister is also regarded as an honorific title . In a few jurisdictions , barristers are usually forbidden from conducting litigation , and can only act on the instructions of a solicitor , who performs tasks such as corresponding with parties and the court , and drafting court documents . In England and Wales , barristers may seek authorisation from the Bar Standards Board to conduct litigation . This allows a barrister to practise in a 'dual capacity ' , fulfilling the role of both barrister and solicitor . In some countries with common law legal systems , such as New Zealand and some regions of Australia , lawyers are entitled to practise both as barristers and solicitors , but it remains a separate system of qualification to practise exclusively as a barrister ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Human_rights', 'summary': 'Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law . They are commonly understood as inalienable , fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being and which are inherent in all human beings , regardless of their age , ethnic origin , location , language , religion , ethnicity , or any other status . They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal , and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone . They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others , and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances ; for example , human rights may include freedom from unlawful imprisonment , torture , and execution . The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within international law and global and regional institutions . Actions by states and non-governmental organisations form a basis of public policy worldwide . The idea of human rights suggests that if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language , it is that of human rights . The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable scepticism and debates about the content , nature and justifications of human rights to this day . The precise meaning of the term right is controversial and is the subject of continued philosophical debate ; while there is consensus that human rights encompasses a wide variety of rights such as the right to a fair trial , protection against enslavement , prohibition of genocide , free speech or a right to education , there is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights ; some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses , while others see it as a higher standard . Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement developed in the aftermath of the Second World War and the events of the Holocaust , culminating in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 . Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights . The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval natural law tradition that became prominent during the European Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke , Francis Hutcheson and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui and which featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution .'}]}, {'value': 'Percy Clarey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Percy_Clarey', 'summary': 'Percy James Clarey ( 20 January 1890 - 17 May 1960 ) was an Australian trade union leader and politician .'}]}, {'value': 'former President [ MTC ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delegate to the UN for Australia ( 1954-1957 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Nations', 'summary': "The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security , develop friendly relations among nations , achieve international cooperation , and be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations . It is the largest , most familiar , most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world . The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City ; other main offices are in Geneva , Nairobi , Vienna and The Hague . The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future wars , succeeding the ineffective League of Nations . On 25 April 1945 , 50 governments met in San Francisco for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter , which was adopted on 25 June 1945 and took effect on 24 October 1945 , when the UN began operations . Pursuant to the Charter , the organization 's objectives include maintaining international peace and security , protecting human rights , delivering humanitarian aid , promoting sustainable development , and upholding international law . At its founding , the UN had 51 member states ; this number grew to 193 in 2011 , representing the vast majority of the world 's sovereign states . The organization 's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades by the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies . Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring , reporting and confidence-building roles . UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization beginning in the 1960s . Since then , 80 former colonies have gained independence , including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council . By the 1970s , the UN 's budget for economic and social development programmes far outstripped its spending on peacekeeping ."}]}, {'value': 'Breen Creighton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Breen_Creighton', 'summary': "Breen Creighton is a Professor of Law at RMIT University , and one of Australia 's leading labour law scholars . [ citation needed ] Creighton was a member of the Administrative Review Council from 1987 until 1988 ."}]}, {'value': 'faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'labour law expert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Labour_law', 'summary': "Labour law ( also known as labor law or employment law ) mediates the relationship between workers , employing entities , trade unions and the government . Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee , employer and union . Individual labour law concerns employees ' rights at work also through the contract for work . Employment standards are social norms ( in some cases also technical standards ) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work . Government agencies ( such as the former US Employment Standards Administration ) enforce labour law ( legislature , regulatory , or judicial ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Don Edgar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Edgar', 'summary': "Dr. Donald E. ( Don ) Edgar ( born 1936 ) was the Foundation Director of the Australian Institute of Family Studies . Under his leadership the Institute had a profound influence on the Government of Australia regarding family policy , family and work , welfare policy and family law . He continues to contribute to Australian thinking in these areas through his own consulting practise and as an occasional columnist and commentator in the Australian media , particularly The Age and The Australian . He was awarded the OAM ( Order of Australia Medal ) in 1997 . He had been Professor in Sociology and Education at the University of Chicago , Reader ( Assistant Professor ) in Sociology at La Trobe University and Adjunct Professor with RMIT University 's Centre for Workplace Culture Change . He has been a member of the Victorian Children 's Council since 1996 , and is an Ambassador for NARI , the National Ageing Research Institute . His topics of interest include :"}]}, {'value': 'faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': "social policy academic ; Adjunct Professor with RMIT 's Centre for Workplace Change", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adjunct_Professor', 'summary': 'Adjunct professor ( adjunct lecturer , adjunct instructor , adjunct faculty or contingent academic labor collectively ) is a type of academic appointment in higher education .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter J. Hayes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_J._Hayes', 'summary': 'Peter John Hayes ( born 1953 in Melbourne ) is the Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability , a non-governmental policy-oriented research and advocacy group . He graduated from the University of Melbourne with a degree in History , and from University of California , Berkeley with a Ph.D. in energy and resources . He was Professor of International Relations , RMIT University . Nautilus Pegasus Program gives at-risk youth activities about sailing , oceanography , and teamwork on the 45-foot Pegasus research vessel . The Institute runs an information service in Pyongyang . He was a co-founding member of Friends of the Earth Australia in Melbourne from 1973 to 1975 and First Director of the Environmental Liaison Centre to the United Nations Environment Program established at Nairobi , Kenya , 1975-6 .'}]}, {'value': 'faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'political scientist ; Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability at RMIT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability', 'summary': 'The Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability is a public policy think tank founded in 1992 . The Institute convenes scholars and practitioners who conduct research to address interconnected global problems such as threats of nuclear war , urban and energy insecurity , and climate change in the Asia Pacific region . The Institute has been mentioned in stories in media such as the Financial Times , Foreign Policy , Radio Australia , and others .'}]}, {'value': 'James Jupp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Jupp', 'summary': 'James Jupp AM ( born 1932 ) is a British-Australian political scientist and author . He is Director of the Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies in the Research School of Social Sciences at the Australian National University and an Adjunct Professor of the RMIT University in Melbourne . He is an Australian citizen and resident of Canberra .'}]}, {'value': 'former faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'political scientist ; Director of the Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies at the Australian National University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australian_National_University', 'summary': "The Australian National University ( ANU ) is a national research university located in Canberra , the capital of Australia . Its main campus in Acton encompasses seven teaching and research colleges , in addition to several national academies and institutes . Founded in 1946 , it is the only university to have been created by the Parliament of Australia . Originally a postgraduate research university , ANU commenced undergraduate teaching in 1960 when it integrated the Canberra University College , which had been established in 1929 as a campus of the University of Melbourne . ANU enrolls 10,052 undergraduate and 10,840 postgraduate students and employs 3,753 staff . The university 's endowment stood at A $ 1.13 billion in 2012 . ANU is regarded as one of the world 's leading research universities . It is ranked 1st in Australia and the whole of Oceania , 24th in the world by the 2019 QS World University Rankings , and 49th in the world ( second in Australia ) by the 2019 Times Higher Education . ANU was named the world 's 7th ( first in Australia ) most international university in a 2017 study by Times Higher Education . In the 2017 Times Higher Education Global Employability University Ranking , an annual ranking of university graduates ' employability , ANU was ranked 21st in the world ( first in Australia ) . The university is particularly well known for its programmes in the arts and social sciences , and ranks among the best in the world for a number of disciplines including linguistics , politics and international relations , social policy , and geography . ANU counts six Nobel laureates and 49 Rhodes scholars among its faculty and alumni ."}]}, {'value': 'Anastasia Powell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anastasia_Powell', 'summary': "Anastasia Powell is a feminist criminologist at RMIT University , Melbourne , Australia . Powell gained her PhD in criminology from the University of Melbourne in 2008 . Her doctoral research was published in the 2010 book Sex , Power and Consent : Youth Culture and the Unwritten Rules by Cambridge University Press . Powell 's research specialises in policy and prevention concerning men 's violence against women , with a particular focus on sexual violence . She is the author and co-author of several major Australian studies , including Australians ' Attitudes to Violence Against Women : Findings from the 2013 National Community Attitudes to Violence Against Women Survey ( NCAS ) and More than Ready : Bystander Action to Prevent Violence Against Women in the Australian Community with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation ( VicHealth ) . Powell is a co-founder of the Violence and Discrimination Against Women research network ( VDAWnet ) Australia , which seeks to promote research development and collaboration in areas including sexual violence , sexual harassment , intimate partner violence , and sex-based discrimination against women . In addition to her scholarly contributions , Powell is regularly featured in and contributes to Australian news and media outlets , raising the profile of issues including rape culture , sexual assault , domestic violence , revenge porn , sexting , and prostitution . A number of her public talks are available on her research blog ."}]}, {'value': 'faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'criminologist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oren Yiftachel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oren_Yiftachel', 'summary': 'Oren Yiftachel ( Hebrew : אורן יפתחאל , born 1956 ) is an Israeli professor of political and legal geography , urban studies and urban planning at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , in Beersheba . He holds the Lynn and Lloyd Hurst Family Chair in Urban Studies .'}]}, {'value': 'FRMIT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'political geographer ; Professor of Geography at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Political_geography', 'summary': 'Political geography is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures . Conventionally , for the purposes of analysis , political geography adopts a three-scale structure with the study of the state at the centre , the study of international relations ( or geopolitics ) above it , and the study of localities below it . The primary concerns of the subdiscipline can be summarized as the inter-relationships between people , state , and territory .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ben-Gurion_University_of_the_Negev', 'summary': 'Ben-Gurion University of the Negev ( BGU ) , ( Hebrew : אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב , Universitat Ben-Guriyon baNegev ) is a public research university in Beersheba , Israel . Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has five campuses : the Marcus Family Campus , Beer Sheva ; the David Bergmann Campus , Beer Sheva ; the David Tuviyahu Campus , Beer Sheva ; the Sede Boqer Campus , and Eilat Campus . Ben-Gurion University is a center for teaching and research with about 20,000 students . Some of its research institutes include the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev , the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research with the Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies , and the Ben-Gurion Research Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Government and law -- Others', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_alumni_and_faculty_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology_14', 'intro': "This is a list of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology people. This list of people includes alumni as well as current and former students and faculty of the Australian (RMIT University) and Vietnamese (RMIT University Vietnam) branches of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT). It also includes alumni as well as former students and faculty from its antecedents: Melbourne Technical College (MTC) and Working Men's College (WMC); amalgamations with: Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy (EMC), Melbourne College of Decoration, Melbourne College of Printing and Graphic Art and Melbourne College of Textiles; and merger with Phillip Institute of Technology (PIT)."}
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Born in 1936 , the Foundation Director of the Australian Institute of Family Studies worked as a type of academic appointment in higher education for RMIT in what department ?
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Centre for Workplace Culture Change
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ff95aaa5a704b6e8
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Spain', 'title': 'List of newspapers in Spain', 'header': ['Title', 'Website', 'Headquarters', 'Circulation'], 'data': [{'value': 'ABC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)', 'summary': 'ABC is a Spanish national daily newspaper . It is the third largest general-interest newspaper in Spain , and the oldest newspaper still operating in Madrid . ABC is often referred to as a newspaper of record of Spain , along with El País and El Mundo [ citation needed ] .'}]}, {'value': 'abc.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madrid', 'summary': "Madrid ( /məˈdrɪd/ , Spanish : [ maˈðɾið ] ) [ n. 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of Spain . The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the second-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) , surpassed only by Berlin , and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU , smaller only than Paris . The municipality covers 604.3 km2 ( 233.3 sq mi ) . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People 's Party . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe . It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , IAG or Repsol . Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2017 index ."}]}, {'value': '198,347', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ara_(newspaper)', 'summary': "Ara ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈaɾə ] , meaning Now in English ) is a Catalan daily newspaper that began publication on 28 November 2010 , coinciding with the Catalan parliamentary elections . It is the third most read daily newspaper in Catalonia , and the most read daily newspaper written exclusively in the Catalan language . Its regional edition , Ara Balears , is the most popular Catalan language newspaper on the Balearic Islands . ARA 's online edition had nearly 3.2M visitors in September 2017 , making it the most popular online newspaper in Catalan language . The founding editor was Carles Capdevila and the current editor is Esther Vera . The president is Ferran Rodés and the CEO is Salvador Garcia . The newspaper 's advisory council includes journalists Antoni Bassas , Albert Om and Toni Soler , all known for their work with the Catalan public TV broadcaster , TV3 . Ara 's content includes Catalan translations of reports and articles from the New York Times International Edition . Ara 's founding shareholders were , among others , Ferran Rodés , Fundació Carulla , Víctor Font and the group Cultura 03 , which also publishes magazines Sàpiens , TimeOut Barcelona , Descobrir and Cuina . Cultura 03 is no longer a shareholder . In September 2010 , Antoni Bassas announced that he would participate as a shareholder ."}]}, {'value': 'ara.cat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona', 'summary': "Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre ."}]}, {'value': '29,930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canarias 7', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canarias_7', 'summary': 'Canarias7 is a Spanish language newspaper published in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Canary Islands .'}]}, {'value': 'canarias7.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Las Palmas de Gran Canaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria', 'summary': 'Las Palmas ( UK : /ˌlæs ˈpælməs , - ˈpɑːl-/ , US : /ˌlɑːs ˈpɑːlməs , -mɑːs/ ; Spanish : [ las ˈpalmas ] ) , officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , [ a ] is a city and capital of Gran Canaria island , in the Canary Islands , on the Atlantic Ocean . It is the capital ( jointly with Santa Cruz de Tenerife ) , the most populous city in the autonomous community of the Canary Islands , and the ninth-largest city in Spain with a population of 383,308 in 2010 . It is also the fifth-most populous urban area in Spain and ( depending on sources ) ninth- or tenth-most populous metropolitan area in Spain . Las Palmas is located in the northeastern part of the island of Gran Canaria , about 150 km ( 93 mi ) off the Moroccan coast in the Atlantic Ocean . Las Palmas experiences a hot desert climate , [ note 1 ] offset by the local cooler Canary Current , with warm temperatures throughout the year . It has an average annual temperature of 21.2 °C ( 70.2 °F ) . According to a study carried out by Thomas Whitmore , director of research on climatology at Syracuse University in the U.S. , Las Palmas enjoys the best climate in the world . The city was founded in 1478 , and considered the de facto ( without legal recognition ) capital of the Canary Islands until the seventeenth century . It is the home of the Canarian Ministry of Presidency ( shared in a four-year term with Santa Cruz de Tenerife ) , as well as half of the ministries and boards of the Canarian government , and the High Court of Justice of the Canary Islands .'}]}, {'value': '16,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deia_(newspaper)', 'summary': 'The Deia ( in Basque , The call ) is a Basque Country newspaper founded in 1977 , with a Basque nationalistic perspective . The newspaper is bilingual in character though principally written in Spanish with some articles in Basque . Deia is the main product of the Editorial Iparraguirre S.A. ( EISA ) . Although their initial objective was to cover news in the whole of País Vasco , they actually have as their tag line Noticias de Bizkaia , as their principle market is in Vizcaya , where they are the second largest newspaper in the city . Deia is part of the newspaper group Grupo Noticias , which includes several other Spanish newspapers including Diario de Noticias in Navarra , Noticias de Gipuzkoa in Guipúzcoa and Noticias de Álava en Álava .'}]}, {'value': 'deia.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bilbao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bilbao', 'summary': 'Bilbao ( /bɪlˈbaʊ , -ˈbɑːoʊ/ , also US : /-ˈbeɪoʊ/ , Spanish : [ bilˈβao ] ; Basque : Bilbo [ bilβo ] ) is a city in northern Spain , the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole . It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain . Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain , with a population of 345,141 as of 2015 . The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants , making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain ; with a population of 875,552 the comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain . Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region . Bilbao is situated in the north-central part of Spain , some 16 kilometres ( 10 mi ) south of the Bay of Biscay , where the economic social development is located , where the estuary of Bilbao is formed . Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres ( 1,300 ft ) . Its climate is shaped by the Bay of Biscay low-pressure systems and mild air , moderating summer temperatures by Iberian standards , with low sunshine and high rainfall . The annual temperature range is low for its latitude . After its foundation in the early 14th century by Diego López V de Haro , head of the powerful Haro family , Bilbao was a commercial hub of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in Green Spain . This was due to its port activity based on the export of iron extracted from the Biscayan quarries . Throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth , Bilbao experienced heavy industrialisation , making it the centre of the second-most industrialised region of Spain , behind Barcelona .'}]}, {'value': '19,336', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diari de Girona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diari_de_Girona', 'summary': 'Diari de Girona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ diˈaɾi ðə ʒiˈɾonə ] ) is a Catalan daily newspaper , based in Girona , Catalonia .'}]}, {'value': 'diaridegirona.cat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Girona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Girona', 'summary': 'Girona ( /dʒɪˈroʊnə/ , Catalan : [ ʒiˈɾonə ] , Spanish : Gerona [ xeˈɾona ] ) is a city in Catalonia , Spain , at the confluence of the rivers Ter , Onyar , Galligants , and Güell and has an official population of 101,852 in 2019 . It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Gironès . It is located 99 km ( 62 mi ) northeast of Barcelona . Girona is a major Catalan city .'}]}, {'value': '7,735', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diari de Tarragona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diari_de_Tarragona', 'summary': 'Diari de Tarragona is a Spanish language newspaper , with some articles in Catalan . Based in the province of Tarragona , they are focused on proving the area with local and provincial news . They were originally founded in 1939 with the name Diario Español only a few weeks before the end of the Spanish Civil War .'}]}, {'value': 'diaridetarragona.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tarragona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tarragona', 'summary': 'Tarragona ( English : /ˌtærəˈɡoʊnə/ TARR-ə-goh-nə , also US : /ˌtɑːr-/ TAR- , Catalan : [ tərəˈɣonə ] , Spanish : [ taraˈɣona ] ; Phoenician : Tarqon ; Latin : Tarraco ) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea . Founded before the 5th century BC , it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona , and part of Tarragonès and Catalonia . Geographically , it is bordered on the north by the Province of Barcelona and the Province of Lleida . The city has a population of 201,199 ( 2014 ) .'}]}, {'value': '11,548', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario Córdoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Córdoba_(newspaper)', 'summary': 'Córdoba , sometimes called Diario Córdoba , is a Spanish language newspaper from the city of Córdoba and is the major source of news from the province . It has been published continuously since 25 July 1941 .'}]}, {'value': 'diariocordoba.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Córdoba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Córdoba,_Spain', 'summary': "Córdoba ( /ˈkɔːrdəbə/ , Spanish : [ ˈkoɾðoβa ] ) , [ a ] also spelled Cordova ( /ˈkɔːrdəvə/ ) in English , is a city in Andalusia , southern Spain , and the capital of the province of Córdoba . It was a Roman settlement , taken over by the Visigoths , followed by the Muslim conquests in the eighth century and later becoming an imperial city under the Caliphate of Córdoba . The city served as the capital in exile of the Umayyad Caliphate , the Almohad and various other emirates . During these Muslim periods , Córdoba was transformed into a world leading center of education and learning , producing notable figures such as Averroes , Ibn Hazm , and Al-Zahrawi , and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe . It was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile through the Christian Reconquista in 1236 . Today , Córdoba is still home to many notable pieces of Moorish architecture such as The Mezquita , which was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 and is now a Cathedral . The UNESCO status has since been expanded to encompass the whole historic centre of Córdoba . Much of this architecture , such as the Alcázar and the Roman bridge has been reworked or reconstructed by the city 's successive inhabitants . Córdoba has the highest summer temperatures in Spain and Europe , with average high temperatures around 37 °C ( 99 °F ) in July and August ."}]}, {'value': '10,547', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Avisos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodeavisos.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Santa Cruz de La Palma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_La_Palma', 'summary': 'Santa Cruz de la Palma ( Spanish for Holy Cross of La Palma ) is a city and a municipality in the eastern part of the island of La Palma in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife of the Canary Islands . It is situated on the east coast . Santa Cruz de la Palma is the second largest city ( after Los Llanos de Aridane ) and is the capital of the island . It is located along an old lava flow coming out from the Caldereta ( small caldera ) , a volcano located just south of the city . The population of the municipality is 16,330 ( 2013 ) , its area is 43.38 km² . Around 13,000 people live within the city limits , with the remaining population residing in other settlements .'}]}, {'value': '10,085', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Burgos', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodeburgos.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Burgos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Burgos', 'summary': 'Burgos ( UK : /ˈbʊərɡɒs/ BOOR-goss , US : /ˈbʊərɡoʊs/ BOOR-gohss , Spanish : [ ˈbuɾɣos ] ) is a city of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León . It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos . It is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula , on the confluence of the Arlanzón river tributaries , at the edge of the central plateau . The municipality has a population of about 180,000 inhabitants . It forms part of the Camino de Santiago . Founded in 884 by Diego Rodríguez Porcelos , Burgos soon became the leading city of the embrionary County of Castile . 11th century chieftain Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ( El Cid ) is connected to the city , as he was born near Burgos and was raised and educated there . In a long-lasting decline since the 17th century , following the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 , Burgos became the headquarters of the Francoist proto-government . Declared in 1964 as Pole of Industrial Promotion and in 1969 as Pole of Industrial Development , the city has grown since then in terms of economic activity . At the regional level , Burgos forms part of an economic axis together with the cities of Valladolid and Palencia . In 2008 , the international Burgos Airport started to offer commercial flights . The Museum of Human Evolution opened here in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': '11,614', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Cádiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diario_de_Cádiz', 'summary': 'Diario de Cádiz is a Spanish-language newspaper published in Cádiz , Spain . The paper serves for the province of Cádiz'}]}, {'value': 'diariodecadiz.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cádiz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cádiz', 'summary': "Cádiz ( /kəˈdɪz/ , also US : /ˈkeɪdɪz , ˈkæd- , ˈkɑːd-/ , Spanish : [ ˈkaðiθ ] ; see more below ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain . It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz , one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia . Cádiz , one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe , with archaeological remains dating to 3100 years , was founded by the Phoenicians . It has been a principal home port of the Spanish Navy since the accession of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century . The city is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network . It is also the site of the University of Cádiz . Situated on a narrow slice of land surrounded by the sea‚ Cádiz is , in most respects , a typically Andalusian city with a wealth of attractive vistas and well-preserved historical landmarks . The older part of Cádiz within the remnants of the city walls is commonly referred to as the Old Town ( Spanish : Casco Antiguo ) . It is characterized by the antiquity of its various quarters ( barrios ) , among them El Pópulo , La Viña , and Santa María , which present a marked contrast to the newer areas of town . While the Old City 's street plan consists of narrow winding alleys connecting large plazas , newer areas of Cádiz typically have wide avenues and more modern buildings . In addition , the city is dotted with numerous parks where exotic plants flourish , including giant trees supposedly brought to Spain by Columbus from the New World ."}]}, {'value': '18,469', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Ibiza', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodeibiza.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ibiza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ibiza', 'summary': "Ibiza ( Spanish : [ iˈβiθa ] ; Catalan : Eivissa [ əjˈvisə ] ; see below ) is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea off the eastern coast of Spain . It is 150 kilometres ( 93 miles ) from the city of Valencia . It is the third largest of the Balearic Islands , an autonomous community of Spain . Its largest settlements are Ibiza Town ( Catalan : Vila d'Eivissa , or simply Vila ) , Santa Eulària des Riu , and Sant Antoni de Portmany . Its highest point , called Sa Talaiassa ( or Sa Talaia ) , is 475 metres ( 1,558 feet ) above sea level . Ibiza has become well known for its association with nightlife , electronic dance music , and for the summer club scene , all of which attract large numbers of tourists drawn to that type of holiday . Several years before 2010 , the island 's government and the Spanish Tourist Office had been working to promote more family-oriented tourism , with the police closing down clubs that played music at late night hours , but by 2010 this policy was reversed . Around 2015 it was resumed . Ibiza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Ibiza and the nearby island of Formentera to its south are called the Pine Islands , or Pityuses ."}]}, {'value': '5,593', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Jerez', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodejerez.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerez de la Frontera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera', 'summary': 'Jerez de la Frontera ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xeˈɾeθ ðe la fɾonˈteɾa ] ) , or simply Jerez ( pronounced [ xeˈɾeθ ] ) , is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia , in southwestern Spain , located midway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Cádiz Mountains . As of 2015 [ update ] , the city , the largest in the province , had a population of 212,876 . It is the fifth largest in Andalusia , and has become the transportation and communications hub of the province , surpassing even Cádiz , the provincial capital , in economic activity . Jerez de la Frontera is also , in terms of land area , the largest municipality in the province , and its sprawling outlying areas are a fertile zone for agriculture . There are also many cattle ranches and horse-breeding operations , as well as a world-renowned wine industry ( Xerez ) . Currently , Jerez , with 212,876 inhabitants , is the 25th largest city in Spain , the 5th in Andalusia and 1st in the Province of Cádiz . It belongs to the Municipal Association of the Bay of Cádiz ( Mancomunidad de Municipios Bahía de Cádiz ) , the 3rd largest Andalusian metropolitan area and the 12th in Spain , with over 650,000 inhabitants . Its municipality covers an area of 1,188.14 km2 ( 458.74 sq mi ) and includes the Los Alcornocales Natural Park and the Sierra de Gibalbín , also known as Montes de Propio de Jerez . The city is located 12 km ( 7.46 mi ) from the Atlantic Ocean , in Campiña de Jerez , a region suitable for cultivating the vineyards that produce famous sherry . Some famous places in to the city are Alcazar of Jerez , Church of San Miguel , Charterhouse of Jerez , the Cathedral of San Salvador . Since 1987 the Grand Prix motorcycle racing has been held at the Circuito de Jerez in early May . On this weekend , the city welcomes tens of thousands of bikers from around the world .'}]}, {'value': '6,104', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario del AltoAragón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diario_del_AltoAragón', 'summary': 'Diario del AltoAragón is an Aragonese daily newspaper published in Spain . Most of the information relates to the province , but also offers information on Aragón , Spain , the world and sports .'}]}, {'value': 'diariodelaltoaragon.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huesca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huesca', 'summary': 'Huesca ( Spanish : [ ˈweska ] ; Aragonese : Uesca ) is a city in north-eastern Spain , within the autonomous community of Aragon . It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca . In 2009 it had a population of 52,059 , almost a quarter of the total population of the province . The city is one of the smallest provincial capitals in Spain . Huesca celebrates its main festival Fiestas de San Lorenzo from 9 to 15 August .'}]}, {'value': '6,116', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de León', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodeleon.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'León', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/León,_Spain', 'summary': "León ( UK : /leɪˈɒn/ , US : /-ˈoʊn/ ; Spanish : [ leˈon ] ; Leonese : Llión [ ʎiˈoŋ ] ) is the capital of the province of León , located in the northwest of Spain . Its city population of 127,817 ( 2015 ) makes it the largest municipality in the province , accounting for more than one quarter of the province 's population . Including the metropolitan area , the population is estimated at 202,793 ( 2015 ) . Founded as the military encampment of the Legio VI Victrix around 29 BC , its standing as an encampment city was consolidated with the definitive settlement of the Legio VII Gemina from 74 AD . Following its partial depopulation due to the Umayyad conquest of the peninsula . 910 saw the beginning of one its most prominent historical periods , when it became the capital of the Kingdom of León , which took active part in the Reconquista against the Moors , and came to be one of the fundamental kingdoms of medieval Spain . In 1188 , the city hosted the first Parliament in European history under the reign of Alfonso IX , due to which it was named in 2010 , by the professor John Keane , the King of Spain and the Junta of Castile and León , as the cradle of Parliamentarism , and the Decreta of León were included in the Memory of the World register by UNESCO in 2013 . The city 's prominence began to decline in the early Middle Ages , partly due to the loss of independence after the union of the Leonese kingdom with the Crown of Castile , consolidated in 1301 . After a period of stagnation during the early modern age , it was one of the first cities to hold an uprising in the Spanish War of Independence , and some years later , in 1833 acquired the status of provincial capital . The end of the 19th and the 20th century saw a significant acceleration in the rate of urban expansion , when the city became an important communications hub of the northwest due to the rise of the coal mining industry and the arrival of the railroad . León 's historical and architectural heritage , as well as the numerous festivals hosted throughout the year ( particularly noteworthy are the Easter processions ) and its location on the French Way of the Camino de Santiago , which is ranked as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , make it a destination of both domestic and international tourism . Some of the city 's most prominent historical buildings are the Cathedral , one of the finest examples of French-style classic Gothic architecture in Spain , the Basilica of San Isidoro , one of the most important Romanesque churches in Spain and resting place of León 's medieval monarchs , the Monastery of San Marcos , an example of plateresque and Renaissance Spanish architecture , and the Casa Botines , a Modernist creation of the architect Antoni Gaudí ."}]}, {'value': '13,776', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Mallorca', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodemallorca.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Palma de Mallorca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca', 'summary': 'Palma , fully known as Palma de Mallorca ( /ˈpɑːlmə/ or /ˈpɑːmə/ , Catalan : [ ˈpalmə ] , Spanish : [ ˈpalma ] ) , is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain . It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma . The Cabrera Archipelago , though widely separated from Palma proper , is administratively considered part of the municipality . As of 2018 [ update ] , Palma Airport serves over 29 million passengers per year .'}]}, {'value': '17,894', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Navarra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diario_de_Navarra', 'summary': 'Diario de Navarra ( also called El Diario de Navarra ; meaning Navarra Daily in English ) is a Spanish language regional newspaper based in Pamplona , Spain .'}]}, {'value': 'diariodenavarra.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pamplona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pamplona', 'summary': "Pamplona ( Spanish : [ pamˈplona ] ; French : Pampelune , Basque : Iruña ; IPA : [ iɾuɲa ] or Iruñea ; IPA : [ iɾuɲea ] ) is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of Navarre , in Spain , and historically also of the former Kingdom of Navarre . Pamplona is also the second-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region , composed of two Spanish autonomous communities , Navarre and Basque Country , and the French Basque Country . Pamplona has a moderate climate being at 446 m ( 1,463 ft ) in elevation . In addition to its elevation , Pamplona being inland results in cool nights by Spanish standards . The city is famous worldwide for the running of the bulls during the San Fermín festival , which is held annually from 6 to 14 July . This festival was brought to literary renown with the 1926 publication of Ernest Hemingway 's novel The Sun Also Rises . It is also home to Osasuna , the only Navarrese football club to have ever played in the Spanish top division ."}]}, {'value': '45,658', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Noticias', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'noticiasdenavarra.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pamplona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pamplona', 'summary': "Pamplona ( Spanish : [ pamˈplona ] ; French : Pampelune , Basque : Iruña ; IPA : [ iɾuɲa ] or Iruñea ; IPA : [ iɾuɲea ] ) is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of Navarre , in Spain , and historically also of the former Kingdom of Navarre . Pamplona is also the second-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region , composed of two Spanish autonomous communities , Navarre and Basque Country , and the French Basque Country . Pamplona has a moderate climate being at 446 m ( 1,463 ft ) in elevation . In addition to its elevation , Pamplona being inland results in cool nights by Spanish standards . The city is famous worldwide for the running of the bulls during the San Fermín festival , which is held annually from 6 to 14 July . This festival was brought to literary renown with the 1926 publication of Ernest Hemingway 's novel The Sun Also Rises . It is also home to Osasuna , the only Navarrese football club to have ever played in the Spanish top division ."}]}, {'value': '17,755', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Pontevedra', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodepontevedra.galiciae.com', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pontevedra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pontevedra', 'summary': "Pontevedra ( Galician : [ ˌpontɪˈβɛðɾɐ ] , Spanish : [ ponteˈβeðɾa ] ) is a Spanish city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula . It is the capital of both the Comarca ( County ) and Province of Pontevedra , and of the Rias Baixas in Galicia . It is also the capital of its own municipality which is , in fact , often considered as an extension of the actual city . The city is best known for its urban planning , pedestrianisation and the charm of its historic centre . In recent years , it has been awarded several international awards for its urban quality and quality of life , accessibility and urban mobility policy , like the international European prize Intermodes in Brussels in 2013 , the United Nations Habitat prize in Dubai in 2014 and the Excellence Prize of the Center for Active Design in New York City in 2015 , among others . Pontevedra 's car free center helped transform it into one of the most accessible European cities , leading to various European and American studies on its exemplary urban planning been carried out in recent years . Surrounded by hills , the city is located on the edge of an estuary at the mouth of the river Lérez by the sea , at the bottom of the Ría de Pontevedra , in the heart of the Rías Baixas . An economic centre and tourist destination , with a population of 83,029 , it is at the head of an urban area around its Ria of more than 200,000 inhabitants comprising the municipalities of Poio , Marín , Sanxenxo , Bueu , Vilaboa , Cotobade , Ponte Caldelas , Barro and Soutomaior . Pontevedra is the second city in Galicia for its rich heritage , only after Santiago de Compostela . A city of art and history , the city is known as The Good City or The City of the Lérez . The city is also an important stopover on the Portuguese Way path of the Camino de Santiago that bears witness to the circular church of the Pilgrim 's Virgin with a floor plan in the shape of a scallop shell and the scallop shells sculpted in the arches of the medieval Burgo bridge . The city is marked by a strong presence of administrative and justice services ."}]}, {'value': '6,704', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario de Sevilla', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariodesevilla.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seville', 'summary': "Seville ( /səˈvɪl/ ; Spanish : Sevilla [ seˈβiʎa ] ( listen ) ) is a Spanish city , the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville . It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir , in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula . Seville has a municipal population of about 690,000 as of 2016 [ update ] , and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million , making it the largest city in Andalusia , the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 30th most populous municipality in the European Union . Its old town , with an area of 4 square kilometres ( 2 sq mi ) , contains three UNESCO World Heritage Sites : the Alcázar palace complex , the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies . The Seville harbour , located about 80 kilometres ( 50 miles ) from the Atlantic Ocean , is the only river port in Spain [ citation needed ] . Seville experiences high temperatures in the Summer , with daily maximums routinely above 35 °C ( 95 °F ) in July and August . Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis . It became known as Ishbiliyya after the Muslim conquest in 712 . During the Muslim rule in Spain , Seville came under the jurisdiction of the Caliphate of Córdoba before becoming the independent Taifa of Seville ; later it was ruled by the Muslim Almoravids and the Almohads until finally being incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III in 1248 . After the discovery of the Americas , Seville became one of the economic centres of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contratación ( House of Trade ) wielded its power , opening a Golden Age of arts and literature . In 1519 , Ferdinand Magellan departed from Seville for the first circumnavigation of the Earth . Coinciding with the Baroque period of European history , the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city 's culture ; then began a gradual economic and demographic decline as silting in the Guadalquivir forced the trade monopoly to relocate to the nearby port of Cádiz ."}]}, {'value': '23,192', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diario Jaén', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'diariojaen.es', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jaén', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jaén,_Spain', 'summary': 'Jaén ( Spanish pronunciation : [ xaˈen ] ) is a city in south-central Spain , located in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It is the capital of the province of Jaén . Its population is 116,731 ( 2012 ) , about one-sixth of the population of the province . Recently Jaén has had a great increase in cultural tourism , having received 604,523 tourists along the year 2015 , 10% more than in 2014 . The city is also known as the World Capital of Olive Oil , because it is the biggest producer of the oil , known by locals as liquid gold . The layout of Jaén is determined by its position in the hills of the Santa Catalina mountains , with steep , narrow streets , in the historical central city district . The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province . Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works , tanneries , distilleries , cookie factories , textile factories , as well as agricultural and olive oil processing machinery industry .'}]}, {'value': '5,642', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List', 'section_text': 'Below is a list of general-interest daily newspapers published in Spain with circulations of over 5,000 , according to data from the Spanish Oficina de Justificación de la Difusión for the period January to December 2013 . [ 4 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_newspapers_in_Spain_0', 'intro': 'In 1950 the number of daily newspapers in circulation in Spain was 104; by 1965 this figure had fallen to 87. In 1984, in the period following the transition to democracy, the number of daily newspapers had risen to 115. Since then, however, the advent of new media has been accompanied by a decline both in newspaper circulation figures overall and in the number of titles published, the years 2008 to 2012 seeing the closure of 31 titles.'}
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What is the circulation of a newspapers with headquarters in the capital of Andalusia ?
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23,192
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ff972bb9d2d6b539
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Flanagan_discography', 'title': 'Tommy Flanagan discography', 'header': ['Year recorded', 'Title', 'Label', 'Personnel/Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Overseas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Overseas_(album)', 'summary': "Overseas is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan and his trio , recorded in 1957 . It was Flanagan 's debut album as a leader and was made in Sweden whilst touring with J. J. Johnson ."}]}, {'value': 'Prestige', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prestige_Records', 'summary': 'Prestige Records is a jazz record company and label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock in New York City . The company recorded hundreds of albums by many of the leading jazz musicians of the day , sometimes issuing them under subsidiaries . In 1971 , the company was sold to Fantasy , which was later absorbed by Concord .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Wilbur Little ( bass ) , Elvin Jones ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilbur_Little', 'summary': "Wilbur Little ( 1928 in Parmele , North Carolina - 1987 in Amsterdam ) was an American jazz bassist known for Hard bop and Post-bop . Little originally played piano , but switched to bass after serving in the military . In 1949 he moved to Washington , DC , where he worked with Sir Charles Thompson among others . After that he was in J. J. Johnson 's quintet from 1955 to 1958 and was also the bassist for the Tommy Flanagan Trio . He moved to the Netherlands in 1977 and lived there for the rest of his life ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Elvin_Jones', 'summary': "Elvin Ray Jones ( September 9 , 1927 - May 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era . He showed an interest in drums at a young age , watching the circus bands march by his family 's home in Pontiac , Michigan . He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and subsequently played in a Detroit house band led by Billy Mitchell . He moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus , Teddy Charles , Bud Powell and Miles Davis . From 1960 to 1966 , he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet ( along with Jimmy Garrison on bass and McCoy Tyner on piano ) , a celebrated recording phase , appearing on such albums as A Love Supreme and Live at Birdland . Following his work with Coltrane , Jones led several small groups , some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine . His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cats_(album)', 'summary': 'The Cats is an album credited to jazz musicians Tommy Flanagan , John Coltrane , Kenny Burrell , and Idrees Sulieman , released in 1959 on New Jazz , a subsidiary label of Prestige Records . It was issued after Coltrane had already ceased recording for the label .'}]}, {'value': 'New Jazz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prestige_Records', 'summary': 'Prestige Records is a jazz record company and label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock in New York City . The company recorded hundreds of albums by many of the leading jazz musicians of the day , sometimes issuing them under subsidiaries . In 1971 , the company was sold to Fantasy , which was later absorbed by Concord .'}]}, {'value': 'The Prestige All Stars : Also with Idrees Sulieman ( trumpet ) , John Coltrane ( tenor sax ) , Kenny Burrell ( guitar ) , Doug Watkins ( bass ) , Louis Hayes ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Idrees_Sulieman', 'summary': 'Idrees Sulieman ( August 7 , 1923 - July 23 , 2002 , both in St. Petersburg , Florida , United States ) was an American bop and hard bop trumpeter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Coltrane', 'summary': "John William Coltrane ( September 23 , 1926 - July 17 , 1967 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . Working in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career , Coltrane helped pioneer the use of modes and was at the forefront of free jazz . He led at least fifty recording sessions and appeared on many albums by other musicians , including trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk . Over the course of his career , Coltrane 's music took on an increasingly spiritual dimension . He remains one of the most influential saxophonists in music history . He received many posthumous awards , including canonization by the African Orthodox Church and a Pulitzer Prize in 2007 . His second wife was pianist and harpist Alice Coltrane . Their children Ravi Coltrane , Oran Coltrane and John Coltrane Jr. are all musicians . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Kenny_Burrell', 'summary': 'Kenneth Earl Burrell ( born July 31 , 1931 ) is an American jazz guitarist known for his work on the Blue Note label . His collaborations with Jimmy Smith produced the 1965 Billboard Top Twenty hit album Organ Grinder Swing . He has cited jazz guitarists Charlie Christian and Django Reinhardt as influences , along with blues guitarists T-Bone Walker and Muddy Waters . Furthermore , Jimi Hendrix has cited Burrell as an influence . Burrell is a professor and Director of Jazz Studies at the UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Doug_Watkins', 'summary': 'Douglas Watkins ( March 2 , 1934 - February 5 , 1962 ) was an American jazz double bassist . He was best known for being an accompanist to various hard bop artists in the Detroit area , including Donald Byrd and Jackie McLean .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Louis_Hayes', 'summary': 'Louis Hayes ( born May 31 , 1937 ) is an American jazz drummer and band leader .'}]}, {'value': '1959', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lonely Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lonely_Town_(album)', 'summary': 'Lonely Town is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan . It is a trio recording , with bassist Joe Benjamin and drummer Elvin Jones .'}]}, {'value': 'Blue Note', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_Note_Records', 'summary': 'Blue Note Records is an American jazz record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Capitol Music Group . Established in 1939 by Alfred Lion and Max Margulis , it derived its name from the blue notes of jazz and the blues . Originally dedicated to recording traditional jazz and small group swing , the label switched its attention to modern jazz around 1947 .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Joe Benjamin ( bass ) , Elvin Jones ( drums ) ; released 1979', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Benjamin', 'summary': 'Joseph Rupert Benjamin ( November 4 , 1919 - January 26 , 1974 ) was an American jazz bassist . Born in Atlantic City , New Jersey , Benjamin played with numerous high-profile jazz musicians in a variety of idioms . Early in his career he played in the big bands of Artie Shaw , Fletcher Henderson , Sy Oliver , and Duke Ellington . Later credits include work with Roland Kirk , Hank Garland , Dave Brubeck , Marian McPartland , Louis Armstrong ( in his later years ) , Mal Waldron , Jo Jones , Gary Burton , Sarah Vaughan , Roy Haynes , Art Taylor , and Brother Jack McDuff . Benjamin never recorded as a leader .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elvin_Jones', 'summary': "Elvin Ray Jones ( September 9 , 1927 - May 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era . He showed an interest in drums at a young age , watching the circus bands march by his family 's home in Pontiac , Michigan . He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and subsequently played in a Detroit house band led by Billy Mitchell . He moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus , Teddy Charles , Bud Powell and Miles Davis . From 1960 to 1966 , he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet ( along with Jimmy Garrison on bass and McCoy Tyner on piano ) , a celebrated recording phase , appearing on such albums as A Love Supreme and Live at Birdland . Following his work with Coltrane , Jones led several small groups , some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine . His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Tommy Flanagan Trio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tommy_Flanagan_Trio', 'summary': 'The Tommy Flanagan Trio is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan which was recorded in 1960 and released on the Moodsville label .'}]}, {'value': 'Moodsville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prestige_Records', 'summary': 'Prestige Records is a jazz record company and label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock in New York City . The company recorded hundreds of albums by many of the leading jazz musicians of the day , sometimes issuing them under subsidiaries . In 1971 , the company was sold to Fantasy , which was later absorbed by Concord .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Tommy Potter ( bass ) , Roy Haynes ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Potter', 'summary': "Charles Thomas Potter ( September 21 , 1918 - March 1 , 1988 ) was a jazz double bass player , best known for having been a member of Charlie Parker 's classic quintet , with Miles Davis , between 1947 and 1950 . Born in Philadelphia , Potter had first played with Parker in 1944 , in Billy Eckstine 's band with Dizzy Gillespie , Lucky Thompson and Art Blakey . Potter also performed and recorded with many other notable jazz musicians , including Earl Hines , Artie Shaw , Bud Powell , Count Basie , Sonny Rollins , Stan Getz , Max Roach , Eddie Heywood , Tyree Glenn , Harry Sweets Edison , Buck Clayton and Charles Lloyd ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roy_Haynes', 'summary': 'Roy Owen Haynes ( born March 13 , 1925 ) is an American jazz drummer and group leader . Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz , and in a career lasting over 70 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz . Snap Crackle was a nickname given him in the 1950s . He has also led his own groups , some performing under the name Hip Ensemble . His recordings as a leader , Fountain of Youth and Whereas , were nominated for a Grammy Award . He continues to perform worldwide and was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999 . His son Graham Haynes is a cornetist ; his son Craig Haynes and grandson Marcus Gilmore are both drummers .'}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Solo Piano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Solo_Piano_(Tommy_Flanagan_album)', 'summary': 'Solo Piano is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan . It was recorded in 1974 and released in 2005 by Storyville Records .'}]}, {'value': 'Storyville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Storyville_Records', 'summary': 'Storyville Records is an international record company and label based in Copenhagen , Denmark , specializing in jazz and blues music . Besides its original material , Storyville Records has reissued many vintage jazz recordings that previously appeared on labels such as Paramount Records , American Music Records , and Southland Records . Many Storyville records were pressed in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Solo ; released 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Tommy Flanagan Tokyo Recital', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tommy_Flanagan_Tokyo_Recital', 'summary': 'The Tommy Flanagan Tokyo Recital is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan . It is a trio album , recorded in 1975 , with bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham .'}]}, {'value': 'Pablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pablo_Records', 'summary': 'Pablo Records was a jazz record company and label founded by Norman Granz in 1973 , more than a decade after he had sold his labels ( including Verve Records ) to MGM Records . Pablo initially featured recordings by acts that Granz managed : Ella Fitzgerald , Oscar Peterson , and Joe Pass . Later , the label issued recordings by Count Basie , Dizzy Gillespie , Sarah Vaughan , Milt Jackson , and Paulinho da Costa . The label also re-released 1950s recordings by Art Tatum , which Granz reacquired , and released unissued European live recordings of John Coltrane and his groups . In January 1987 , it was announced that the label had been acquired by Fantasy Records for an undisclosed amount . Eric Miller , who had worked with Norman Granz since the early 1970s , continued with Pablo as head of A & R , until the early-2000s . Fantasy continued to release previously unissued recordings using the Pablo name .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Keter Betts ( bass ) , Bobby Durham ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keter_Betts', 'summary': 'William Thomas Keter Betts ( July 22 , 1928 - August 6 , 2005 ) was an American jazz double bassist . Born in Port Chester , New York , he was nicknamed Keter , a short form of the word mosquito .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Durham_(jazz_musician)', 'summary': "Bobby Durham ( February 3 , 1937 - July 6 , 2008 ) was an American jazz drummer . Durham was born in Philadelphia and learned to play drums while a child . He played with The Orioles at age 16 , and was in a military band between 1956 and 1959 . After his discharge he played with King James and Stan Hunter . In 1960 he moved to New York City , where he played with Lloyd Price , Wild Bill Davis , Lionel Hampton , Count Basie , Slide Hampton , Grant Green , Sweets Edison , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Rowles , and the Duke Ellington Orchestra , in which he played for only five months . While working with Basie he met Al Grey , and was a member of several of Grey 's small ensembles . He accompanied Ella Fitzgerald for more than a decade , and worked with Oscar Peterson in a trio setting . Durham also played in trios with organists such as Charles Earland and Shirley Scott , and there was a resurgence in interest in Durham 's work during the acid jazz upswing in the 1990s . Many of Durham 's projects , both as sideman and as leader , have come due to his association with producer Norman Granz , who had him work with Ella Fitzgerald , Count Basie , Harry Edison , Flanagan , and Joe Pass . Durham has led his own combos as well ; he is noted for scat singing along with his drum solos . Durham has also performed often with pop and soul musicians such as Frank Sinatra , James Brown , Ray Charles , and Marvin Gaye . He died in Genoa , Italy , aged 71 ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinity_(Tommy_Flanagan_album)', 'summary': 'Trinity is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan . It is a 1976 trio recording , with bassist Ron Carter and drummer Roy Haynes , that was also released as Positive Intensity .'}]}, {'value': 'Inner City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inner_City_Records', 'summary': "Inner City Records was a jazz record company and label founded by Irv Kratka in 1976 in New York City . The company was a division of Music Minus One and also owned the label Classic Jazz . It started with reissues , then moved on to new recordings covering various types of jazz . Inner City Records released over 60 albums between 1976 and 1980 and was voted the 1979 Record Label of the Year in the International Jazz Critics Poll . Many Inner City albums were also issued on the Japanese East Wind Records , including Sam Morrison 's Dune , The Three ( Joe Sample , Ray Brown , Shelly Manne ) , and albums from Japanese musicians Sadao Watanabe and Terumasa Hino ."}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Ron Carter ( bass ) , Roy Haynes ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ron_Carter', 'summary': 'Ronald Levin Carter ( born May 4 , 1937 ) is an American jazz double bassist . His appearances on 2,221 recording sessions make him the most-recorded jazz bassist in history . Carter is also a cellist who has recorded numerous times on that instrument . Some of his studio albums as a leader include : Blues Farm ( 1973 ) ; All Blues ( 1973 ) ; Spanish Blue ( 1974 ) ; Anything Goes ( 1975 ) ; Yellow & Green ( 1976 ) ; Pastels ( 1976 ) ; Piccolo ( 1977 ) ; Third Plane ( 1977 ) ; Peg Leg ( 1978 ) ; and A Song for You ( 1978 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Roy_Haynes', 'summary': 'Roy Owen Haynes ( born March 13 , 1925 ) is an American jazz drummer and group leader . Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz , and in a career lasting over 70 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz . Snap Crackle was a nickname given him in the 1950s . He has also led his own groups , some performing under the name Hip Ensemble . His recordings as a leader , Fountain of Youth and Whereas , were nominated for a Grammy Award . He continues to perform worldwide and was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999 . His son Graham Haynes is a cornetist ; his son Craig Haynes and grandson Marcus Gilmore are both drummers .'}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eclypso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eclypso_(album)', 'summary': 'Eclypso is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan , bassist George Mraz , and drummer Elvin Jones recorded in 1977 for the Enja label .'}]}, {'value': 'Enja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enja_Records', 'summary': "Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971 . The label 's first release was by Mal Waldron , and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach , Terumasa Hino , Albert Mangelsdorff and Yosuke Yamashita , along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp , Cecil Taylor , Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead legends like Tommy Flanagan , McCoy Tyner , Chet Baker , Freddie Hubbard , Elvin Jones , and Kenny Barron . The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim ( aka Dollar Brand ) , Rabih Abou-Khalil , Mahmoud Turkmani , Gypsy bands , Indonesia 's Monica Akihary and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol . Its sub-labels include Blues Beacon Records and Yellowbird Records ."}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with George Mraz ( bass ) , Elvin Jones ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mraz', 'summary': "George Mraz ( born Jiří Mráz on 9 September 1944 in Písek , Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , now Czech Republic ) is a jazz bassist and alto saxophonist . He was a member of Oscar Peterson 's group , and has worked with Pepper Adams , Stan Getz , Michel Petrucciani , Stephane Grappelli , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Raney , Chet Baker , Joe Henderson , John Abercrombie , John Scofield , Richie Beirach and many other important jazz musicians . During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra , and in the 1980s a member of Quest . He has also appeared with Joe Lovano , Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano 's records I 'm All For You and Joyous Encounter . Mraz is also known for performing solos with a bow in arco style , similar to that of Paul Chambers . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Elvin_Jones', 'summary': "Elvin Ray Jones ( September 9 , 1927 - May 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era . He showed an interest in drums at a young age , watching the circus bands march by his family 's home in Pontiac , Michigan . He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and subsequently played in a Detroit house band led by Billy Mitchell . He moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus , Teddy Charles , Bud Powell and Miles Davis . From 1960 to 1966 , he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet ( along with Jimmy Garrison on bass and McCoy Tyner on piano ) , a celebrated recording phase , appearing on such albums as A Love Supreme and Live at Birdland . Following his work with Coltrane , Jones led several small groups , some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine . His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Montreux '77", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Montreux_'77_(Tommy_Flanagan_album)", 'summary': "Montreux '77 is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan . It is a trio recording , with bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham ."}]}, {'value': 'Pablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pablo_Records', 'summary': 'Pablo Records was a jazz record company and label founded by Norman Granz in 1973 , more than a decade after he had sold his labels ( including Verve Records ) to MGM Records . Pablo initially featured recordings by acts that Granz managed : Ella Fitzgerald , Oscar Peterson , and Joe Pass . Later , the label issued recordings by Count Basie , Dizzy Gillespie , Sarah Vaughan , Milt Jackson , and Paulinho da Costa . The label also re-released 1950s recordings by Art Tatum , which Granz reacquired , and released unissued European live recordings of John Coltrane and his groups . In January 1987 , it was announced that the label had been acquired by Fantasy Records for an undisclosed amount . Eric Miller , who had worked with Norman Granz since the early 1970s , continued with Pablo as head of A & R , until the early-2000s . Fantasy continued to release previously unissued recordings using the Pablo name .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Keter Betts ( bass ) Bobby Durham ( drums ) ; in concert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keter_Betts', 'summary': 'William Thomas Keter Betts ( July 22 , 1928 - August 6 , 2005 ) was an American jazz double bassist . Born in Port Chester , New York , he was nicknamed Keter , a short form of the word mosquito .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Durham_(jazz_musician)', 'summary': "Bobby Durham ( February 3 , 1937 - July 6 , 2008 ) was an American jazz drummer . Durham was born in Philadelphia and learned to play drums while a child . He played with The Orioles at age 16 , and was in a military band between 1956 and 1959 . After his discharge he played with King James and Stan Hunter . In 1960 he moved to New York City , where he played with Lloyd Price , Wild Bill Davis , Lionel Hampton , Count Basie , Slide Hampton , Grant Green , Sweets Edison , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Rowles , and the Duke Ellington Orchestra , in which he played for only five months . While working with Basie he met Al Grey , and was a member of several of Grey 's small ensembles . He accompanied Ella Fitzgerald for more than a decade , and worked with Oscar Peterson in a trio setting . Durham also played in trios with organists such as Charles Earland and Shirley Scott , and there was a resurgence in interest in Durham 's work during the acid jazz upswing in the 1990s . Many of Durham 's projects , both as sideman and as leader , have come due to his association with producer Norman Granz , who had him work with Ella Fitzgerald , Count Basie , Harry Edison , Flanagan , and Joe Pass . Durham has led his own combos as well ; he is noted for scat singing along with his drum solos . Durham has also performed often with pop and soul musicians such as Frank Sinatra , James Brown , Ray Charles , and Marvin Gaye . He died in Genoa , Italy , aged 71 ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alone Too Long', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alone_Too_Long_(album)', 'summary': 'Alone Too Long is a solo piano album by Tommy Flanagan .'}]}, {'value': 'Denon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denon_Records', 'summary': 'Denon Records was a Japanese audiophile record label owned by Denon and distributed by A & M Records from 1990 through 1992 . This was a reissue program that included 390 jazz and classical music titles that were issued on compact disc .'}]}, {'value': 'Solo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Our Delights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Our_Delights', 'summary': 'Our Delights is an album by pianists Tommy Flanagan and Hank Jones recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label .'}]}, {'value': 'Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galaxy_Records', 'summary': 'Galaxy Records was a record label founded in 1964 by Max and Sol Weiss in Berkeley , California . It was a division of Fantasy Records .'}]}, {'value': 'Duo , with Hank Jones ( piano )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hank_Jones', 'summary': "Henry Jones Jr. ( July 31 , 1918 - May 16 , 2010 ) , best known as Hank Jones , was an American jazz pianist , bandleader , arranger , and composer . Critics and musicians described Jones as eloquent , lyrical , and impeccable . In 1989 , The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award . He was also honored in 2003 with the American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP ) Jazz Living Legend Award . In 2008 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts . On April 13 , 2009 , the University of Hartford presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Music for his musical accomplishments . Jones recorded more than 60 albums under his own name , and countless others as a sideman , including Cannonball Adderley 's celebrated album Somethin ' Else . On May 19 , 1962 , he played piano as actress Marilyn Monroe sang her famous Happy Birthday , Mr. President song to then U.S. president John F. Kennedy ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'More Delights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/More_Delights', 'summary': 'More Delights is a studio album by pianists Tommy Flanagan and Hank Jones , recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label and released in 1985 . The album features alternate takes of the piano duets released on Our Delights .'}]}, {'value': 'Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galaxy_Records', 'summary': 'Galaxy Records was a record label founded in 1964 by Max and Sol Weiss in Berkeley , California . It was a division of Fantasy Records .'}]}, {'value': 'Duo , with Hank Jones ( piano )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hank_Jones', 'summary': "Henry Jones Jr. ( July 31 , 1918 - May 16 , 2010 ) , best known as Hank Jones , was an American jazz pianist , bandleader , arranger , and composer . Critics and musicians described Jones as eloquent , lyrical , and impeccable . In 1989 , The National Endowment for the Arts honored him with the NEA Jazz Masters Award . He was also honored in 2003 with the American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP ) Jazz Living Legend Award . In 2008 , he was awarded the National Medal of Arts . On April 13 , 2009 , the University of Hartford presented Jones with an honorary Doctorate of Music for his musical accomplishments . Jones recorded more than 60 albums under his own name , and countless others as a sideman , including Cannonball Adderley 's celebrated album Somethin ' Else . On May 19 , 1962 , he played piano as actress Marilyn Monroe sang her famous Happy Birthday , Mr. President song to then U.S. president John F. Kennedy ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Something Borrowed , Something Blue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Something_Borrowed,_Something_Blue', 'summary': 'Something Borrowed , Something Blue is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label .'}]}, {'value': 'Galaxy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galaxy_Records', 'summary': 'Galaxy Records was a record label founded in 1964 by Max and Sol Weiss in Berkeley , California . It was a division of Fantasy Records .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Keter Betts ( bass ) , Jimmie Smith ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keter_Betts', 'summary': 'William Thomas Keter Betts ( July 22 , 1928 - August 6 , 2005 ) was an American jazz double bassist . Born in Port Chester , New York , he was nicknamed Keter , a short form of the word mosquito .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jimmie_Smith', 'summary': "James Howard Smith ( born January 27 , 1938 , Newark , New Jersey ) is an American jazz drummer . Smith studied at the Al Germansky School for Drummers in his home town of Newark from 1951-54 , then attended the Juilliard School in 1959-60 . He began his professional career in New York City around this time . In the 1960s he played with Jimmy Forrest ( 1960 ) , Larry Young ( 1960-62 ) , Lambert , Hendricks , and Ross ( 1962-63 ) , Pony Poindexter ( 1963 ) , Jimmy Witherspoon ( 1963 ) , Gildo Mahones ( 1963 ) , Jimmy McGriff ( 1963-65 ) , and Groove Holmes ( 1965 ) . From 1967 to 1974 he played with Erroll Garner before moving to California around 1975 . He then played with : Benny Carter ( 1975 , 1978 , 1985 ) , Sonny Criss ( 1975 ) , Bill Henderson ( 1975 , 1979 ) , Hank Jones ( 1976 ) , Ernestine Anderson ( 1976 , 1986 ) , Plas Johnson ( 1976 ) , Phineas Newborn , Jr. ( 1976 ) , Harry Edison ( 1976-78 , with Eddie Lockjaw Davis and Zoot Sims ) , Lorez Alexandria ( 1977-78 ) , Tommy Flanagan ( 1978 ) , Terry Gibbs ( 1978 , 1981 ) , Bob Cooper ( 1979 ) , Marshal Royal ( 1980 ) , Great Guitars ( 1980 ) , Barney Kessel ( 1981 ) , Herb Ellis ( 1981 ) , Buddy DeFranco ( 1981 ) , Al Cohn ( 1983 ) , Red Holloway ( 1987 ) , and Dave McKenna ( 1988 ) . In 1993 , he toured Japan with Jimmy Smith and Kenny Burrell . One of Smith 's most noted collaborations took place at the Montreux International Jazz Festival in 1977 , where he played with Oscar Peterson , Eddie Lockjaw Davis , Ray Brown , Benny Carter , Miles Davis , Milt Jackson , Dizzy Gillespie , and Count Basie ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tommy Flanagan Plays the Music of Harold Arlen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tommy_Flanagan_Plays_the_Music_of_Harold_Arlen', 'summary': 'Tommy Flanagan Plays the Music of Harold Arlen is an album by jazz pianist Tommy Flanagan , with bassist George Mraz and drummer Connie Kay .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trio , with George Mraz ( bass ) , Connie Kay ( drums ) ; Helen Merrill ( vocals ) added on one track', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mraz', 'summary': "George Mraz ( born Jiří Mráz on 9 September 1944 in Písek , Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , now Czech Republic ) is a jazz bassist and alto saxophonist . He was a member of Oscar Peterson 's group , and has worked with Pepper Adams , Stan Getz , Michel Petrucciani , Stephane Grappelli , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Raney , Chet Baker , Joe Henderson , John Abercrombie , John Scofield , Richie Beirach and many other important jazz musicians . During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra , and in the 1980s a member of Quest . He has also appeared with Joe Lovano , Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano 's records I 'm All For You and Joyous Encounter . Mraz is also known for performing solos with a bow in arco style , similar to that of Paul Chambers . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Connie_Kay', 'summary': "Conrad Henry Kirnon ( April 27 , 1927 - November 30 , 1994 ) known professionally as Connie Kay , was an American jazz and R & B drummer , who was a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet . Self-taught on drums , he began performing in Los Angeles in the mid-1940s . His drumming is recorded in The Hunt , the recording of a famous Los Angeles jam session featuring the dueling tenors of Dexter Gordon and Wardell Gray on July 6 , 1947 . He recorded with Lester Young 's quintet from 1949 to 1955 and with Stan Getz , Coleman Hawkins , Charlie Parker , and Miles Davis . Kay did R & B sessions for Atlantic Records in the early to mid-1950s , and he was featured on hit records such as Shake , Rattle and Roll by Big Joe Turner and Ruth Brown 's ( Mama ) He Treats Your Daughter Mean . Kay joined the Modern Jazz Quartet in 1955 , replacing original drummer Kenny Clarke . He remained through the group 's dissolution in 1974 and occasional reunions into the 1990s . In addition to his MJQ compatriots , he had an enduring partnership with cool jazz altoist Paul Desmond through the first half of the 1960s . He played drums on several of Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison 's albums : Astral Weeks , one song on Saint Dominic 's Preview , and four songs on Tupelo Honey . Kay was known for incorporating percussion instruments alongside his drum kit , such as timpani , small cymbals , triangle , bell tree , and darbukas , the latter referred to as exotic-looking drums in a 2006 article . Kay had a stroke in 1992 , but recovered enough to resume performing . He died of cardiac arrest in Manhattan in 1994 at the age of 67 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Helen_Merrill', 'summary': "Helen Merrill ( born Jelena Ana Milcetic July 21 , 1930 ) is an American jazz vocalist . Her first album , the eponymous 1955 release Helen Merrill , was an immediate success and associated her with the first generation of bebop jazz musicians . After a prolific 1950s and '60s when she recorded with Charlie Parker and Clifford Brown , Merrill spent time recording and touring in Europe and Japan , falling into obscurity in the United States . In the 1980s and '90s , a contract with Verve Records and high-profile performances in America returned her to prominence . Noted for her emotional , sensual vocal performances , her career continues in its sixth decade with concerts and recordings ."}]}, {'value': '1977-78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Confirmation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Confirmation_(Tommy_Flanagan_album)', 'summary': 'Confirmation is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan compiling unreleased tracks recorded in 1977 and 1978 at sessions that produced Eclypso and Ballads & Blues which was released on the Enja label in 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'Enja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enja_Records', 'summary': "Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971 . The label 's first release was by Mal Waldron , and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach , Terumasa Hino , Albert Mangelsdorff and Yosuke Yamashita , along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp , Cecil Taylor , Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead legends like Tommy Flanagan , McCoy Tyner , Chet Baker , Freddie Hubbard , Elvin Jones , and Kenny Barron . The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim ( aka Dollar Brand ) , Rabih Abou-Khalil , Mahmoud Turkmani , Gypsy bands , Indonesia 's Monica Akihary and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol . Its sub-labels include Blues Beacon Records and Yellowbird Records ."}]}, {'value': 'Some tracks trio , with George Mraz ( bass ) , Elvin Jones ( drums ) ; some tracks duo , with Mraz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mraz', 'summary': "George Mraz ( born Jiří Mráz on 9 September 1944 in Písek , Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , now Czech Republic ) is a jazz bassist and alto saxophonist . He was a member of Oscar Peterson 's group , and has worked with Pepper Adams , Stan Getz , Michel Petrucciani , Stephane Grappelli , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Raney , Chet Baker , Joe Henderson , John Abercrombie , John Scofield , Richie Beirach and many other important jazz musicians . During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra , and in the 1980s a member of Quest . He has also appeared with Joe Lovano , Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano 's records I 'm All For You and Joyous Encounter . Mraz is also known for performing solos with a bow in arco style , similar to that of Paul Chambers . [ citation needed ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/Elvin_Jones', 'summary': "Elvin Ray Jones ( September 9 , 1927 - May 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era . He showed an interest in drums at a young age , watching the circus bands march by his family 's home in Pontiac , Michigan . He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and subsequently played in a Detroit house band led by Billy Mitchell . He moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus , Teddy Charles , Bud Powell and Miles Davis . From 1960 to 1966 , he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet ( along with Jimmy Garrison on bass and McCoy Tyner on piano ) , a celebrated recording phase , appearing on such albums as A Love Supreme and Live at Birdland . Following his work with Coltrane , Jones led several small groups , some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine . His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballads & Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballads_&_Blues_(Tommy_Flanagan_album)', 'summary': 'Ballads & Blues is an album by pianist Tommy Flanagan with bassist George Mraz recorded in 1978 for the Enja label .'}]}, {'value': 'Enja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enja_Records', 'summary': "Enja Records is a German jazz record company and label based in Munich which was founded by jazz enthusiasts Matthias Winckelmann and Horst Weber in 1971 . The label 's first release was by Mal Waldron , and early releases included European and Japanese avant-garde artists such as Alexander von Schlippenbach , Terumasa Hino , Albert Mangelsdorff and Yosuke Yamashita , along with newer American jazz musicians like Archie Shepp , Cecil Taylor , Leroy Jenkins and Eric Dolphy and straight-ahead legends like Tommy Flanagan , McCoy Tyner , Chet Baker , Freddie Hubbard , Elvin Jones , and Kenny Barron . The label also branched out to release early world music productions from Abdullah Ibrahim ( aka Dollar Brand ) , Rabih Abou-Khalil , Mahmoud Turkmani , Gypsy bands , Indonesia 's Monica Akihary and Turkish saz virtuoso Taner Akyol . Its sub-labels include Blues Beacon Records and Yellowbird Records ."}]}, {'value': 'Duo , with George Mraz ( bass )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mraz', 'summary': "George Mraz ( born Jiří Mráz on 9 September 1944 in Písek , Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , now Czech Republic ) is a jazz bassist and alto saxophonist . He was a member of Oscar Peterson 's group , and has worked with Pepper Adams , Stan Getz , Michel Petrucciani , Stephane Grappelli , Tommy Flanagan , Jimmy Raney , Chet Baker , Joe Henderson , John Abercrombie , John Scofield , Richie Beirach and many other important jazz musicians . During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra , and in the 1980s a member of Quest . He has also appeared with Joe Lovano , Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano 's records I 'm All For You and Joyous Encounter . Mraz is also known for performing solos with a bow in arco style , similar to that of Paul Chambers . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Super Jazz Trio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Super_Jazz_Trio', 'summary': 'The Super Jazz Trio is an eponymous album by the band consisting of pianist Tommy Flanagan , bassist Reggie Workman , and drummer Joe Chambers .'}]}, {'value': 'Baystate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baystate', 'summary': 'Baystate was a Japanese jazz record label . Some of these album were also released on the Japanese labels Victor and Horo Records . Almost none have been reissued on LP or CD .'}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Reggie Workman ( bass ) , Joe Chambers ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Workman', 'summary': 'Reginald Reggie Workman ( born June 26 , 1937 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American avant-garde jazz and hard bop double bassist , recognized for his work with both John Coltrane and Art Blakey .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Chambers', 'summary': "Joe Chambers ( born June 25 , 1942 ) in Chester , Pennsylvania is an American jazz drummer , pianist , vibraphonist and composer . He attended the Philadelphia Conservatory for one year . In the 1960s and 1970s Chambers gigged with many high-profile artists such as Eric Dolphy , Charles Mingus , Wayne Shorter , and Chick Corea . During this period , his compositions appeared on some of the albums in which he made guest appearances , such as those with Freddie Hubbard and Bobby Hutcherson . He has released eight albums as a bandleader and been a member of several incarnations of Max Roach 's M'Boom percussion ensemble . He has also taught , including at the New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music in New York City , where he leads the Outlaw Band . In 2008 , he was hired to be the Thomas S. Kenan Distinguished Professor of Jazz in the Department of Music at the University of North Carolina Wilmington ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Together', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Together_(Tommy_Flanagan_and_Kenny_Barron_album)', 'summary': 'Together is a studio album by pianists Tommy Flanagan and Kenny Barron which was digitally recorded in late 1978 and first released on the Japanese Denon label in 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Denon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denon_Records', 'summary': 'Denon Records was a Japanese audiophile record label owned by Denon and distributed by A & M Records from 1990 through 1992 . This was a reissue program that included 390 jazz and classical music titles that were issued on compact disc .'}]}, {'value': 'Duo , with Kenny Barron ( piano )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenny_Barron', 'summary': 'Kenny Barron ( born June 9 , 1943 ) is an American jazz pianist , who has appeared on hundreds of recordings as leader and sideman and is considered one of the most influential mainstream jazz pianists since the bebop era .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Something Tasty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Something_Tasty', 'summary': 'Something Tasty is an album by the Super Jazz Trio of pianist Tommy Flanagan , bassist Reggie Workman , and drummer Joe Chambers , with Art Farmer on flugelhorn .'}]}, {'value': 'Baystate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baystate', 'summary': 'Baystate was a Japanese jazz record label . Some of these album were also released on the Japanese labels Victor and Horo Records . Almost none have been reissued on LP or CD .'}]}, {'value': 'Quartet , with Art Farmer ( flugelhorn ) , Reggie Workman ( bass ) , Joe Chambers ( drums )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Art_Farmer', 'summary': "Arthur Stewart Farmer ( August 21 , 1928 - October 4 , 1999 ) was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player . He also played flumpet , a trumpet-flugelhorn combination especially designed for him . He and his identical twin brother , double bassist Addison Farmer , started playing professionally while in high school . Art gained greater attention after the release of a recording of his composition Farmer 's Market in 1952 . He subsequently moved from Los Angeles to New York , where he performed and recorded with musicians such as Horace Silver , Sonny Rollins , and Gigi Gryce and became known principally as a bebop player . As Farmer 's reputation grew , he expanded from bebop into more experimental forms through working with composers such as George Russell and Teddy Charles . He went on to join Gerry Mulligan 's quartet and , with Benny Golson , to co-found the Jazztet . Continuing to develop his own sound , Farmer switched from trumpet to the warmer flugelhorn in the early 1960s , and he helped to establish the flugelhorn as a soloist 's instrument in jazz . He settled in Europe in 1968 and continued to tour internationally until his death . Farmer recorded more than 50 albums under his own name , a dozen with the Jazztet , and dozens more with other leaders . His playing is known for its individuality - most noticeably , its lyricism , warmth of tone and sensitivity ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Reggie_Workman', 'summary': 'Reginald Reggie Workman ( born June 26 , 1937 in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania ) is an American avant-garde jazz and hard bop double bassist , recognized for his work with both John Coltrane and Art Blakey .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joe_Chambers', 'summary': "Joe Chambers ( born June 25 , 1942 ) in Chester , Pennsylvania is an American jazz drummer , pianist , vibraphonist and composer . He attended the Philadelphia Conservatory for one year . In the 1960s and 1970s Chambers gigged with many high-profile artists such as Eric Dolphy , Charles Mingus , Wayne Shorter , and Chick Corea . During this period , his compositions appeared on some of the albums in which he made guest appearances , such as those with Freddie Hubbard and Bobby Hutcherson . He has released eight albums as a bandleader and been a member of several incarnations of Max Roach 's M'Boom percussion ensemble . He has also taught , including at the New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music in New York City , where he leads the Outlaw Band . In 2008 , he was hired to be the Thomas S. Kenan Distinguished Professor of Jazz in the Department of Music at the University of North Carolina Wilmington ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Communication : Live at Fat Tuesday 's New York , Vol . 1", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paddle Wheel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Records_(Japan)', 'summary': "King Records Co. , Ltd. ( キングレコード株式会社 , Kingu Rekōdo Kabushiki gaisha ) is a Japanese record company founded in January 1931 as a division of the Japanese publisher Kodansha . It initially began operating as an independent entity in the 1950s . It later became part of the Otowa Group . Today , King Records is one of Japan 's largest record companies which is owned by a multinational entity . The headquarters are in Bunkyo , Tokyo ."}]}, {'value': 'Trio , with Jerry Dodgion ( alto sax , soprano sax ) , Red Mitchell ( bass ) ; in concert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Mitchell', 'summary': 'Keith Moore Red Mitchell ( September 20 , 1927 - November 8 , 1992 ) , was an American jazz double-bassist , composer , lyricist , and poet .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Discography -- As leader/co-leader', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Tommy_Flanagan_discography_0', 'intro': 'Tommy Flanagan was an American jazz pianist. His appearances on record date from 1956 to 2001 and include more than 30 albums under his own name and more than 200 as a sideman.'}
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Which title was recorded first ? An album which had Art Farmer on flugelhorn , or an album recorded in 1977 with a bassist named George ?
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Eclypso
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ff975d8dc0829c1b
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Esiliiga', 'title': '2013 Esiliiga', 'header': ['Team', 'Manager', 'Captain', 'Kit manufacturer', 'Shirt sponsor'], 'data': [{'value': 'Flora II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Flora_II_Tallinn', 'summary': 'FC Flora U21 is an Estonian football team based in Tallinn , Estonia . It is the reserve team of Flora , and currently plays in Esiliiga . Reserve teams in Estonia play in the same league system as the senior team , rather than in a reserve team league . They must play at least one level below their main side .'}]}, {'value': 'Jürgen Henn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erkki Kubber', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiviõli Irbis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kiviõli_Irbis', 'summary': 'Kiviõli FC Irbis were an Estonian football club based in Kiviõli . Founded in 1999 as Kiviõli Tamme Auto , in 2013 they merged with a local youth team and changed their name to Irbis . The club were members of Esiliiga , the second tier of Estonian football system for eight seasons between 2008 and 2015 . Their highest league finish came in 2011 with 3rd position in Esiliiga , missing the promotion play-off to top flight with just one point .'}]}, {'value': 'Erik Šteinberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tõnis Starkopf', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levadia II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Levadia_II_Tallinn', 'summary': 'FCI Levadia U21 Tallinn , commonly known as FCI Levadia U21 , is a football club , based in Tallinn , Estonia . Founded as Levadia Tallinn , it was the reserve team of Levadia Maardu from 2000-2004 . In 2004 , Levadia Maardu moved to Tallinn and became the new Levadia Tallinn , while the reserve team became Levadia II . Reserve teams in Estonia play in the same league system as the senior team , rather than in a reserve team league . They must play at least one level below their main side , however , so Levadia U21 is ineligible for promotion to the Meistriliiga but can play in the Estonian Cup . As Levadia Tallinn , the club has won 1 Estonian Cup trophy . In 2017 , Tallinna FC Levadia and FCI Tallinn joined , which resulted in their reserves also joining and becoming Tallinna FCI Levadia U21'}]}, {'value': 'Argo Arbeiter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argo_Arbeiter', 'summary': 'Argo Arbeiter ( born 5 December 1973 ) is an Estonian football manager and former Estonian international footballer . Currently he is the head coach of KTP .'}]}, {'value': 'Kristjan Tamme', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Viimsi Keevitus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jõhvi Lokomotiv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jõhvi_FC_Lokomotiv', 'summary': 'Jõhvi FC Phoenix is an Estonian football club based in Jõhvi . The club was founded as Jõhvi FC Lokomotiv in 2011 on the basis of former football club Jõhvi JK Orbiit . They finished 2013 season as Esiliiga runners-up and were promoted to Estonian top division for 2014 season . They were relegated after a single season , being defeated in the relegation play-offs by Viljandi Tulevik . Due to financial problems the club was initially relegated to the fourth level for 2015 and after two seasons on lower levels , their players joined Kohtla-Järve JK Järve in 2017 . In 2018 the club was renamed to Jõhvi FC Phoenix and currently only employs youth players .'}]}, {'value': 'Viktors Ņesterenko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viktors_Ņesterenko', 'summary': 'Viktors Ņesterenko ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Latvian football coach and former player .'}]}, {'value': 'Boriss Gritsjuk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uhlsport', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uhlsport', 'summary': 'uhlsport GmbH is a German sporting goods manufacturer . Originally established in 1948 as Haase & Uhl OHG and later renamed Karl Uhl GmbH , the company became uhlsport GmbH in 1994 . It is an international company which has its permanent headquarters in Balingen in Baden-Württemberg , Germany . The company manufactures and distributes its products through the brands uhlsport , Kempa , Spalding and BLK .'}]}, {'value': 'Spacecom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Puuma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Puuma_Tallinn', 'summary': 'FC Puuma Tallinn is a defunct Estonian football club based in Tallinn and was founded in 1981 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dmitri Krasilnikov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aleksandr Boldõrev', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Kruze Disain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tartu SK 10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tartu_SK_10', 'summary': 'Tartu SK 10 was an Estonian football club , playing in the town of Tartu .'}]}, {'value': 'Andrei Borissov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrei_Borissov', 'summary': 'Andrei Borissov ( born 1 August 1969 in Tallinn , Estonia ) is an Estonian professional footballer . He plays the position of midfielder and is 1.77 m tall and weighs 76 kg . Borissov is the former member of the Estonia national football team , with 14 caps to his name . From 2009 Borissov has been acting as a playing coach in Ajax Lasnamäe , FC Infonet , Tartu SK 10 and Maardu Linnameeskond , mostly in Esiliiga . In August 2018 , According to the reports , Borissov was selected as the best coach in June and July .'}]}, {'value': 'Aleksandr Pruttšenko', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adidas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adidas', 'summary': "Adidas AG ( German : [ ˈʔadiˌdas ] AH-dee-DAHS ; stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949 ) is a multinational corporation , founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach , Germany , that designs and manufactures shoes , clothing and accessories . It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe , and the second largest in the world , after Nike . It is the holding company for the Adidas Group , which consists of the Reebok sportswear company , 8.33% of the German football club Bayern Munich , and Runtastic , an Austrian fitness technology company . Adidas ' revenue for 2018 was listed at €21.915 billion . The company was started by Adolf Dassler in his mother 's house ; he was joined by his elder brother Rudolf in 1924 under the name Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory . Dassler assisted in the development of spiked running shoes ( spikes ) for multiple athletic events . To enhance the quality of spiked athletic footwear , he transitioned from a previous model of heavy metal spikes to utilising canvas and rubber . Dassler persuaded U.S. sprinter Jesse Owens to use his handmade spikes at the 1936 Summer Olympics . In 1949 , following a breakdown in the relationship between the brothers , Adolf created Adidas , and Rudolf established Puma , which became Adidas ' business rival . Adidas ' logo is three stripes , which is used on the company 's clothing and shoe designs as a marketing aid . The branding , which Adidas bought in 1952 from Finnish sports company Karhu Sports , became so successful that Dassler described Adidas as The three stripes company ."}]}, {'value': 'Ha Serv', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tammeka II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Tammeka_II_Tartu', 'summary': 'Tartu JK Tammeka U21 is the reserve team of JK Tammeka Tartu , an Estonian football club . They last played in the Esiliiga , the second level of the Estonian football league pyramid . The team was dissolved for 2014 season because of financial trouble of Tammeka , but reformed later .'}]}, {'value': 'Indrek Koser', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ander Paabut', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nike,_Inc.', 'summary': "Nike , Inc. ( /ˈnaɪki/ ) [ note 1 ] is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design , development , manufacturing , and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear , apparel , equipment , accessories , and services . The company is headquartered near Beaverton , Oregon , in the Portland metropolitan area . It is the world 's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment , with revenue in excess of US $ 24.1 billion in its fiscal year 2012 ( ending May 31 , 2012 ) . As of 2012 , it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide . In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $ 19 billion , making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses . As of 2017 , the Nike brand is valued at $ 29.6 billion . Nike ranked No . 89 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . The company was founded on January 25 , 1964 , as Blue Ribbon Sports , by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight , and officially became Nike , Inc. on May 30 , 1971 . The company takes its name from Nike , the Greek goddess of victory . Nike markets its products under its own brand , as well as Nike Golf , Nike Pro , Nike+ , Air Jordan , Nike Blazers , Air Force 1 , Nike Dunk , Air Max , Foamposite , Nike Skateboarding , Nike CR7 , and subsidiaries including Brand Jordan , Hurley International and Converse . Nike also owned Bauer Hockey ( later renamed Nike Bauer ) from 1995 to 2008 , and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro ."}]}, {'value': 'Metec', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rakvere Tarvas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rakvere_JK_Tarvas', 'summary': 'Rakvere JK Tarvas , commonly known as Rakvere Tarvas , or simply as Tarvas , is a football club , based in Rakvere , Estonia . The club was founded in 2004 as Virumaa JK Rakvere . From 2008 until 2010 , the club was named Rakvere FC Flora , and since 2011 Rakvere JK Tarvas .'}]}, {'value': 'Reijo Kuusik', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alari Tovstik', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joma', 'summary': 'Joma ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈxoma ] ) is a Spanish sports clothing manufacturer , which currently produces footwear and clothing for football , futsal , handball basketball , volleyball , running , tennis , padel , fitness . Its headquarters are located in Spain . Joma was founded in 1965 to produce shoes for general use . In 1968 , the company began to specialize in sport shoes production and distribution . After a relative success , Joma decided to enter into football market , obtaining a great success and becoming the leader in its country , consequently also with international success . Eventually , Joma Sport had opened offices in the United States , Europe and Asia being currently present in over 70 countries throughout the world . Joma Sport brand is in the top ten in the world-ranking .'}]}, {'value': 'Aqva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viljandi Tulevik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Viljandi_Tulevik', 'summary': "Viljandi JK Tulevik , commonly known as Viljandi Tulevik , or simply as Tulevik , is a football club based in Viljandi , Estonia , that competes in the Meistriliiga , the top flight of Estonian football . The club 's home ground is Viljandi linnastaadion . Founded on 1912 as Sports Association Tulevik ( Future ) , the club was disbanded in 1940 and re-established in 1992 as one of the founding members of the Meistriliiga ."}]}, {'value': 'Aivar Lillevere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aivar_Lillevere', 'summary': "Aivar Lillevere ( born 23 January 1962 ) is an Estonian football manager and former football player . Lillevere has managed Tulevik , Elva , and Estonian under-16 , under-17 , under-18 , and under-19 national sides . In February 2000 , Lillevere managed the Estonia national team during the 2000 King 's Cup . On 21 May 2008 , Lillevere was appointed manager of the Estonia women 's national football team ."}]}, {'value': 'Raiko Mutle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hummel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hummel_International', 'summary': 'Hummel International Sport & Leisure A/S is a Danish manufacturing company based in Aarhus . The company was founded in 1923 by Albert Messmer and his brother Michael Ludwig Messmer , with the name Messmer & Co in Hamburg , Germany . Hummel became Danish after being taken over by Bernhard Weckenbrock in 1956 , who moved its base to Kevelaer , North Rhine-Westphalia . Since 1999 , hummel has been a part of the Danish Thornico Group founded by Christian and Thor Stadil . Being one of the oldest sportswear brands in the business with roots in football & handball , hummel has previously been worn by big football teams like Real Madrid , Tottenham Hotspur , Aston Villa and the Denmark national team . Today , hummel continues to sponsor clubs and players within handball and football . The company currently manufactures apparel for football , rugby league , futsal , handball , basketball , shinty and volleyball teams . Moreover , the company also offers apparel and footwear for children alongside its fashion subbrand , hummel HIVE .'}]}, {'value': 'kalameister.ee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vändra Vaprus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JK_Vändra_Vaprus', 'summary': 'JK Vändra Vaprus is an Estonian football club based in Vändra .'}]}, {'value': 'Ranet Lepik', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karel Otto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Macron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)', 'summary': 'Macron S.p.A. is an Italian sporting apparel company , based in Crespellano , Bologna . It is considered a European leader in the production of active sportswear . Macron operates in three main business areas :'}]}, {'value': '4teams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macron_(sportswear)', 'summary': 'Macron S.p.A. is an Italian sporting apparel company , based in Crespellano , Bologna . It is considered a European leader in the production of active sportswear . Macron operates in three main business areas :'}]}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Personnel and kits', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2013_Esiliiga_1', 'intro': "The 2013 season of the Esiliiga, the second level in the Estonian football system, is the twenty-third season in the league's history. The season officially began on 3 March 2013 and ended on 10 November 2013. However, on 3 March the Estonian Football Association announced that all matches scheduled for 3 March 2013 would be postponed due to heavy snowfall. The previous league champions Infonet were promoted to Meistriliiga while Pärnu Linnameeskond and Kohtla-Järve Lootus were relegated to Esiliiga B division. For this season those three teams are replaced by Jõhvi Lokomotiv from II Liiga East/North division and Viljandi Tulevik and Vändra Vaprus from II Liiga West/South division."}
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When was the club founded whose kit manufacturer has its headquarters located in Spain ?
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2004
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ff978bf770d2a697
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School_alumni', 'title': 'List of U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Service', 'Rank', 'Class', 'Notable events'], 'data': [{'value': 'Michael J. Adams *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_James_Adams', 'summary': 'Michael James Mike Adams ( May 5 , 1930 - November 15 , 1967 ) ( Maj USAF ) was an American aviator , aeronautical engineer , and USAF astronaut . He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15 , an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA . On November 15 , 1967 , Adams flew X-15 Flight 191 ( also known as X-15 Flight 3-65-97 ) aboard the X-15-3 , one of three planes in the X-15 fleet . Flying to an altitude above 50 miles , Adams qualified as an astronaut according to the United States definition of the boundary of space . Moments later the craft broke apart , killing Adams and destroying the X-15-3 . He was the first American space mission fatality by the American convention .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-04 Major', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_(United_States)', 'summary': 'In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , major is a field grade military officer rank above the rank of captain and below the rank of lieutenant colonel . It is equivalent to the naval rank of lieutenant commander in the other uniformed services . Although lieutenant commanders are considered junior officers by their respective services ( Navy and Coast Guard ) , the rank of major is that of a senior officer in the United States Army , the United States Marine Corps , and the United States Air Force . The pay grade for the rank of major is O-4 . The insignia for the rank consists of a golden oak leaf , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version . Promotion to major is governed by the Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '1962-03 62C , IV , MOL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'X-15 Flight 191 , 1965 USAF MOL Group', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/X-15_Flight_191', 'summary': 'X-15 Flight 3-65-97 , also known as X-15 Flight 191 ( due to being the 191st free flight of the X-15 ) , was a test flight of the North American X-15 experimental aircraft . It took place on November 15 , 1967 , and was piloted by Michael J. Adams . It ended in tragedy when the aircraft broke apart minutes after launch due to technical difficulties , killing the pilot and destroying the plane .'}, {'url': '/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_selection', 'summary': 'This is a list of astronauts by year of selection : people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command , pilot , or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft . Until recently , astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments , either by the military or by civilian space agencies . However , with the advent of suborbital flight starting with privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004 , a new category of astronaut was created : the commercial astronaut . While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who trains for travels into space - including scientists , politicians , journalists , and tourists - this article lists only professional astronauts , those who have been selected to train as a profession . This includes national space programs and private industry programs which train and/or hire their own professional astronauts . More than 500 people have trained as astronauts . A list of everyone who has flown in space can be found at List of space travelers by name .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas Akers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Akers', 'summary': "Thomas Dale Akers ( born May 20 , 1951 ) is a former American astronaut in NASA 's Space Shuttle program ."}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1982-02 82B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-41 , STS-49 , STS-61 , STS-79', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-41', 'summary': 'STS-41 was the eleventh mission of the Space Shuttle Discovery . The four-day mission with a primary objective to launch the Ulysses probe as part of the International Solar Polar Mission .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-49', 'summary': 'STS-49 was the maiden flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour . The primary goal of its nine-day mission was to retrieve an Intelsat VI satellite ( Intelsat 603 , which failed to leave low earth orbit two years before ) , attach it to a new upper stage , and relaunch it to its intended geosynchronous orbit . After several attempts , the capture was completed with the only three-person extra-vehicular activity ( EVA ) in space flight history . It would also stand until STS-102 in 2001 as the longest EVA ever undertaken .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-61', 'summary': "STS-61 was the first Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission , and the fifth flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour . The mission launched on 2 December 1993 from Kennedy Space Center in Florida . The mission restored the spaceborne observatory 's vision , marred by spherical aberration , with the installation of a new main camera and a corrective optics package . This correction occurred more than three and a half years after the Hubble was launched aboard STS-31 in April 1990 . The flight also brought instrument upgrades and new solar arrays to the telescope . With its very heavy workload , the STS-61 mission was one of the most complex in the Shuttle 's history . It lasted almost 11 days , and crew members made five spacewalks ( EVAs ) , an all-time record . Even the re-positioning of Intelsat VI on STS-49 in May 1992 required only four . The flight plan allowed for two additional EVAs , which could have raised the total number to seven . The final two contingency EVAs were not made . In order to complete the mission without too much fatigue , the five extravehicular working sessions were shared between two pairs of different astronauts alternating their shifts . During the flight , mission specialist Jeff Hoffman also spun a driedel for the holiday of Chanukah to a live audience watching via satellite ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-79', 'summary': 'STS-79 was the 17th flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis , and the 79th mission of the Space Shuttle program . The flight saw Atlantis dock with the Russian space station Mir to deliver equipment , supplies and relief personnel . A variety of scientific experiments were also conducted aboard Atlantis by her crew . It was the first shuttle mission to rendezvous with a fully assembled Mir , and the fourth rendezvous of a shuttle to the space station .'}]}, {'value': 'Dominic A. Antonelli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dominic_A._Antonelli', 'summary': 'Dominic Anthony Tony Antonelli ( born August 23 , 1967 ) is a retired NASA astronaut . Antonelli was born in Detroit , Michigan , but was raised in both Indiana and North Carolina . He is married and has two children .'}]}, {'value': 'USN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'O-05 Commander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commander_(United_States)', 'summary': 'In the United States , commander is a military rank that is also sometimes used as a military billet title - the designation of someone who manages living quarters or a base - depending on the branch of service . It is also used as a rank or title in non-military organizations ; particularly in law enforcement .'}]}, {'value': '1997-02 97B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-119 , STS-132', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-119', 'summary': 'STS-119 ( ISS assembly flight 15A ) was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) which was flown by Template : OV-103 during March 2009 . It delivered and assembled the fourth starboard Integrated Truss Segment ( S6 ) , and the fourth set of solar arrays and batteries to the station . The launch took place on 15 March 2009 , at 19:43 EDT . Discovery successfully landed on 28 March 2009 , at 15:13 pm EDT .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-132', 'summary': 'STS-132 ( ISS assembly flight ULF4 ) was a NASA Space Shuttle mission , during which Space Shuttle Atlantis docked with the International Space Station on 16 May 2010 . STS-132 was launched from the Kennedy Space Center on 14 May 2010 . The primary payload was the Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Module , along with an Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable ( ICC-VLD ) . Atlantis landed at the Kennedy Space Center on 26 May 2010 . STS-132 was initially scheduled to be the final flight of Atlantis , provided that the STS-335/STS-135 Launch On Need rescue mission would not be needed . However , in February 2011 , NASA declared that the final mission of Atlantis and of the Space Shuttle program , STS-135 , would be flown regardless of the funding situation .'}]}, {'value': 'Lee Archambault', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Archambault', 'summary': 'Lee Joseph Bru Archambault ( born August 25 , 1960 ) is an American test pilot and former NASA astronaut . He has logged over 4,250 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft . Archambault is married with three children . His hobbies include bicycling , weightlifting , and playing ice hockey . Archambault has received numerous awards and honors throughout his life . He has also flown two Space Shuttle missions , as pilot of STS-117 in 2007 and as commander of STS-119 in 2009 . Archambault left NASA in 2013 after a 15-year career with the agency in order to become a test pilot for Sierra Nevada Corporation on their Dream Chaser orbital spaceplane project .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1994-02 94B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-117 , STS-119', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-117', 'summary': 'STS-117 ( ISS assembly flight 13A ) was a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis , launched from pad 39A of the Kennedy Space Center on 8 June 2007 . Atlantis lifted off from the launch pad at 19:38 EDT . Damage from a hail storm on 26 February 2007 had previously caused the launch to be postponed from an originally-planned launch date of 15 March 2007 . The launch of STS-117 marked the 250th orbital human spaceflight . Atlantis delivered to the International Space Station ( ISS ) the second starboard truss segment ( the S3/S4 Truss ) and its associated energy systems , including a set of solar arrays . During the course of the mission the crew installed the new truss segment , retracted one set of solar arrays , and unfolded the new set on the starboard side of the station . STS-117 also brought Expedition 15 crewmember Clayton Anderson to the station , and returned with ISS crewmember Sunita Williams . On 11 June 2007 , NASA mission managers announced a two-day extension of the mission , adding a fourth extra-vehicular activity ( EVA ) . These two days were inserted into the mission timeline after flight day 8 . This possibility had been discussed prior to launch . Because of launch day and thus rendezvous day uncertainty the decision to extend was deferred until after launch . The repair of the gap in the Orbital Maneuvering System ( OMS ) thermal blanket ( heat shielding ) was conducted during EVA 3 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-119', 'summary': 'STS-119 ( ISS assembly flight 15A ) was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) which was flown by Template : OV-103 during March 2009 . It delivered and assembled the fourth starboard Integrated Truss Segment ( S6 ) , and the fourth set of solar arrays and batteries to the station . The launch took place on 15 March 2009 , at 19:43 EDT . Discovery successfully landed on 28 March 2009 , at 15:13 pm EDT .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Bassett *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Bassett', 'summary': "Charles Arthur Charlie Bassett II , Major , USAF ( December 30 , 1931 - February 28 , 1966 ) was an American electrical engineer and United States Air Force test pilot . He went to Ohio State University for two years and later graduated from Texas Tech University . He joined the air force as a pilot and graduated from both the Aerospace Research Pilot School and the Air Force 's Experimental Test Pilot School . Bassett was married and had two children . He was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1963 and assigned to Gemini 9 , but died in an airplane crash during training for his first spaceflight . He is memorialized on the Space Mirror Memorial , The Astronaut Monument , and the Fallen Astronaut memorial plaque , placed on the Moon during the Apollo 15 mission ."}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-03 Captain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Captain_(United_States)', 'summary': 'In the United States uniformed services , captain is a commissioned-officer rank . In keeping with the traditions of the militaries of most nations , the rank varies between the services , being a senior rank in the naval services and a junior rank in the ground and air forces .'}]}, {'value': '1962-01 62A , III', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963 NASA Group 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_selection', 'summary': 'This is a list of astronauts by year of selection : people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command , pilot , or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft . Until recently , astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments , either by the military or by civilian space agencies . However , with the advent of suborbital flight starting with privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004 , a new category of astronaut was created : the commercial astronaut . While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who trains for travels into space - including scientists , politicians , journalists , and tourists - this article lists only professional astronauts , those who have been selected to train as a profession . This includes national space programs and private industry programs which train and/or hire their own professional astronauts . More than 500 people have trained as astronauts . A list of everyone who has flown in space can be found at List of space travelers by name .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Behnken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Behnken', 'summary': 'Robert Louis Bob Behnken ( born July 28 , 1970 in Creve Coeur , Missouri ) is a United States Air Force officer , NASA astronaut and former Chief of the Astronaut Office . Behnken holds a Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering and holds the rank of Colonel in the U.S. Air Force . Col. Behnken has logged over 1,000 flight hours in 25 different aircraft . He flew aboard Space Shuttle missions STS-123 ( 2008 ) and STS-130 ( 2010 ) as a Mission Specialist , accumulating over 708 hours in space , including 37 hours of spacewalk time . Behnken was also assigned as Mission Specialist 1 to the STS-400 rescue mission . He is married to fellow astronaut K. Megan McArthur .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1998-02 98B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-123 , STS-130', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-123', 'summary': "STS-123 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) which was flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . STS-123 was the 1J/A ISS assembly mission . The original launch target date was 14 February 2008 but after the delay of STS-122 , the shuttle was launched on 11 March 2008 . It was the twenty-fifth shuttle mission to visit the ISS , and delivered the first module of the Japanese laboratory , Japanese Experiment Module ( Kibō ) , and the Canadian Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator , ( SPDM ) Dextre robotics system to the station . The mission duration was 15 days and 18 hours , and it was the first mission to fully utilize the Station-to-Shuttle Power Transfer System ( SSPTS ) , allowing space station power to augment the shuttle power systems . The mission set a record for a shuttle 's longest stay at the ISS ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-130', 'summary': "STS-130 ( ISS assembly flight 20A ) was a NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) . Space Shuttle Endeavour 's primary payloads were the Tranquility module and the Cupola , a robotic control station with six windows around its sides and another in the center , providing a 360-degree view around the station . Endeavour launched at 04:14 EST ( 09:14 UTC ) on 8 February 2010 and landed at 22:22 EST on 21 February 2010 on runway 15 at the Kennedy Space Center 's Shuttle Landing Facility ."}]}, {'value': 'John E. Blaha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_E._Blaha', 'summary': 'John Elmer Blaha ( born August 26 , 1942 , in San Antonio , Texas ) is a retired United States Air Force colonel and a former NASA astronaut . He is a veteran of five space missions aboard the Space Shuttle and Mir . Blaha is married to the former Brenda I. Walters of St. Louis , Missouri . They have three grown children and five grandchildren .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1971-01 71A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-29 , STS-33 , STS-43 , STS-58 , STS-79 , Mir-22 , STS-81', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-29', 'summary': 'STS-29 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission , during which Space Shuttle Discovery inserted a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite ( TDRS ) into Earth orbit . It was the third shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster of 1986 , and launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 13 March 1989 . STS-29 was the eighth flight of Discovery and the 28th Space Shuttle mission overall ; its planned predecessor , STS-28 , was delayed until August 1989 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-33', 'summary': 'STS-33 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission , during which Space Shuttle Discovery deployed a payload for the United States Department of Defense ( DoD ) . STS-33 was the 32nd shuttle mission overall , the ninth flight of Discovery , the fifth shuttle mission in support of the DoD and last Shuttle launch of the 1980s . Due to the nature of the mission , specific details remain classified . Discovery lifted off from Pad B , Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center ( KSC ) , Florida , on 22 November 1989 at 7:23 pm EST ; it landed at Edwards Air Force Base , California , on 28 November .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-43', 'summary': 'STS-43 , the ninth mission for Space Shuttle Atlantis , was a nine-day mission whose primary goal was launching the fourth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite , TDRS-E . The flight also tested an advanced heatpipe radiator for potential use on the then-future space station and conducted a variety of medical and materials science investigations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-58', 'summary': 'STS-58 was a mission flown by Space Shuttle Columbia launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 18 October 1993 . The missions was primarily devoted to experiments concerning the physiological effects of spaceflight . This was the first in-flight use of the Portable In-flight Landing Operations Trainer simulation software . It was also the last time Columbia would land at Edwards Air Force Base .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-79', 'summary': 'STS-79 was the 17th flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis , and the 79th mission of the Space Shuttle program . The flight saw Atlantis dock with the Russian space station Mir to deliver equipment , supplies and relief personnel . A variety of scientific experiments were also conducted aboard Atlantis by her crew . It was the first shuttle mission to rendezvous with a fully assembled Mir , and the fourth rendezvous of a shuttle to the space station .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mir-22', 'summary': "In molecular biology mir-22 microRNA is a short RNA molecule . MicroRNAs are an abundant class of molecules , approximately 22 nucleotides in length , which can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3 ' UTR of mRNAs expressed in a cell ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-81', 'summary': 'STS-81 was a January 1997 Space Shuttle Atlantis mission to the Mir space station .'}]}, {'value': 'Michael J. Bloomfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_J._Bloomfield', 'summary': 'Michael John Bloomer Bloomfield ( born March 16 , 1959 ) is an American former astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1992-01 92A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-86 , STS-97 , STS-110', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-86', 'summary': 'STS-86 was a Space Shuttle Atlantis mission to the Mir space station . This was the last Atlantis mission before it was taken out of service temporarily for maintenance and upgrades , including the glass cockpit .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-97', 'summary': "STS-97 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . The crew installed the first set of solar arrays to the ISS , prepared a docking port for arrival of the Destiny Laboratory Module , and delivered supplies for the station 's crew ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-110', 'summary': 'STS-110 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) on 8-19 April 2002 flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis . The main purpose was to install the S0 Truss segment , which forms the backbone of the truss structure on the station .'}]}, {'value': 'Karol J. Bobko', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karol_J._Bobko', 'summary': 'Karol Joseph Bo Bobko ( born December 23 , 1937 ) , ( Col , USAF , Ret . ) , is an American aerospace engineer , retired U.S. Air Force officer , test pilot , and a former USAF and NASA astronaut . Bobko was the first graduate of the US Air Force Academy to travel in space .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1965-02 65B , MOL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-6 , STS-51-D , STS-51-J', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-6', 'summary': 'STS-6 was the sixth NASA Space Shuttle mission and the maiden flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger . Launched from Kennedy Space Center on 4 April 1983 , the mission deployed the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite , TDRS-1 , into orbit , before landing at Edwards Air Force Base on 9 April . STS-6 was the first Space Shuttle mission during which a spacewalk was conducted , and hence was the first in which the Extravehicular Mobility Unit ( EMU ) was used .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-51-D', 'summary': "STS-51-D was the 16th flight of NASA 's Space Shuttle program , and the fourth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery . The launch of STS-51-D from Kennedy Space Center ( KSC ) , Florida , on April 12 , 1985 was delayed by 55 minutes , after a boat strayed into the restricted Solid Rocket Booster ( SRB ) recovery zone . STS-51-D was the third shuttle mission to be extended . On April 19 , after a week-long flight , Discovery conducted the fifth shuttle landing at KSC . The shuttle suffered extensive brake damage and a ruptured tire during landing . This forced all subsequent shuttle landings to be done at Edwards Air Force Base , California , until the development and implementation of nose wheel steering made landings at KSC more feasible ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-51-J', 'summary': 'STS-51-J was the 21st NASA Space Shuttle mission and the first flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis . It launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 3 October 1985 , carrying a payload for the U.S. Department of Defense , and landed at Edwards Air Force Base , California , on 7 October .'}]}, {'value': 'Eric A. Boe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_A._Boe', 'summary': 'Eric Allen Boe ( born October 1 , 1964 ) is a United States Air Force fighter pilot Colonel , test pilot , a Civil Air Patrol member , and a NASA astronaut . He flew as the pilot of Space Shuttle missions STS-126 and STS-133 .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1997-01 97A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-126 , STS-133', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-126', 'summary': "STS-126 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . The purpose of the mission , referred to as ULF2 by the ISS program , was to deliver equipment and supplies to the station , to service the Solar Alpha Rotary Joints ( SARJ ) , and repair the problem in the starboard SARJ that had limited its use since STS-120 . STS-126 launched on 14 November 2008 at 19:55:39 pm EST from Launch Pad 39A at NASA 's Kennedy Space Center with no delays or issues . Endeavour successfully docked with the station on 16 November . After spending 11 days , 16 hours , and 46 minutes docked to the station , during which the crew performed four spacewalks , and transferred cargo , the orbiter undocked on 28 November 2008 . Due to poor weather at Kennedy Space Center , Endeavour landed at Edwards Air Force Base on 30 November 2008 at 21:25 UTC ( 13:25 PST ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-133', 'summary': "STS-133 ( ISS assembly flight ULF5 ) was the 133rd mission in NASA 's Space Shuttle program ; during the mission , Space Shuttle Discovery docked with the International Space Station . It was Discovery 's 39th and final mission . The mission launched on 24 February 2011 , and landed on 9 March 2011 . The crew consisted of six American astronauts , all of whom had been on prior spaceflights , headed by Commander Steven Lindsey . The crew joined the long-duration six person crew of Expedition 26 , who were already aboard the space station . About a month before lift-off , one of the original crew members , Tim Kopra , was injured in a bicycle accident . He was replaced by Stephen Bowen . The mission transported several items to the space station , including the Permanent Multipurpose Module Leonardo , which was left permanently docked to one of the station 's ports . The shuttle also carried the third of four ExPRESS Logistics Carriers to the ISS , as well as a humanoid robot called Robonaut . The mission marked both the 133rd flight of the Space Shuttle program and the 39th and final flight of Discovery , with the orbiter completing a cumulative total of a whole year ( 365 days ) in space . The mission was affected by a series of delays due to technical problems with the external tank and , to a lesser extent , the payload . The launch , initially scheduled for September 2010 , was pushed back to October , then to November , then finally to February 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Borman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Borman', 'summary': 'Frank Frederick Borman II ( born March 14 , 1928 ) is a retired United States Air Force ( USAF ) colonel , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , businessman , rancher , and NASA astronaut . He was the commander of Apollo 8 , the first mission to fly around the Moon , and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and Bill Anders , became the first of 24 humans to do so , for which he was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . As of 2020 [ update ] , he is the oldest living former American astronaut , eleven days older than Lovell . Four days before he graduated with the West Point class of 1950 , in which he was ranked eighth out of 670 , Borman was commissioned in the USAF . He qualified as a fighter pilot and served in the Philippines . He earned a Master of Science degree at the California Institute of Technology in 1957 , and then became an assistant professor of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics at West Point . In 1960 , he was selected for Class 60-C at the USAF Experimental Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in California and qualified as a test pilot . On graduation , he was accepted as one of five students in the first class at the Aerospace Research Pilot School . Borman was selected as a NASA astronaut with the second group , known as the Next Nine , in 1962 . In 1966 , he set a fourteen-day spaceflight endurance record as commander of Gemini 7 . He served on the NASA review board which investigated the Apollo 1 fire , and then flew to the Moon with Apollo 8 in December 1968 . The mission is known for the Earthrise photograph taken by Anders of the Earth rising above the lunar horizon as the Command/Service Module orbited the Moon , and for the reading from Genesis , which was televised to Earth from lunar orbit on Christmas Eve .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1960-03 60C , I', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gemini 7 , Apollo 8', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gemini_7', 'summary': "Gemini 7 ( officially Gemini VII ) was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the fourth crewed Gemini flight , the twelfth crewed American flight and the twentieth crewed spaceflight including Soviet flights and X-15 flights above the Kármán line . The crew of Frank Borman and Jim Lovell spent nearly 14 days in space , making a total of 206 orbits . Their spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Apollo_8', 'summary': "Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon , orbit it , and return . Its three-astronaut crew - Frank Borman , James Lovell , and William Anders - were the first humans to fly to the Moon , to witness and photograph an Earthrise , and to escape the gravity of a celestial body . Apollo 8 launched on December 21 , 1968 , and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program after Apollo 7 , which stayed in Earth orbit . Apollo 8 was the third flight and the first crewed launch of the Saturn V rocket , and was the first human spaceflight from the Kennedy Space Center , located adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida . Originally planned as the second crewed Apollo Lunar Module and command module test , to be flown in an elliptical medium Earth orbit in early 1969 , the mission profile was changed in August 1968 to a more ambitious command-module-only lunar orbital flight to be flown in December , as the lunar module was not yet ready to make its first flight . Astronaut Jim McDivitt 's crew , who were training to fly the first lunar module flight in low Earth orbit , became the crew for the Apollo 9 mission , and Borman 's crew were moved to the Apollo 8 mission . This left Borman 's crew with two to three months ' less training and preparation time than originally planned , and replaced the planned lunar module training with translunar navigation training . Apollo 8 took 68 hours ( almost three days ) to travel the distance to the Moon . The crew orbited the Moon ten times over the course of twenty hours , during which they made a Christmas Eve television broadcast in which they read the first ten verses from the Book of Genesis . At the time , the broadcast was the most watched TV program ever . Apollo 8 's successful mission paved the way for Apollo 11 to fulfill U.S. president John F. Kennedy 's goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the 1960s . The Apollo 8 astronauts returned to Earth on December 27 , 1968 , when their spacecraft splashed down in the northern Pacific Ocean ."}]}, {'value': 'Ken Bowersox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ken_Bowersox', 'summary': 'Kenneth Dwane Sox Bowersox ( born November 14 , 1956 ) is a United States Navy officer , and a former NASA astronaut . He is a veteran of five Space Shuttle launches and an extended stay aboard the International Space Station . When he launched on STS-73 at the age of 38 years and 11 months , he became the youngest person ever to command a Space Shuttle vehicle .'}]}, {'value': 'USN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Navy', 'summary': "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ."}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Captain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Navy)', 'summary': 'In the United States Navy , United States Coast Guard , United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps ( USPHS ) , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps ( NOAA Corps ) , captain is the senior-most commissioned officer rank below that of flag officer ( i.e. , admirals ) . The equivalent rank is colonel in the United States Army , Air Force , and Marine Corps . Reflecting its nautical heritage , the term captain is sometimes used as a military title by more junior officers who command a commissioned vessel of the Navy , Coast Guard , or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ship of patrol boat size or greater . Officers below O-6 who command aviation squadrons ( typically O-5 commanders ) usually use the less formal title skipper .'}]}, {'value': '1985-01 85A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-50 , STS-61 , STS-73 , STS-82 , STS-113 , Expedition 6 , Soyuz TMA-1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-50', 'summary': 'STS-50 ( U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1 ) was a United States Space Shuttle mission , the 12th mission of the Columbia orbiter . Columbia landed at Kennedy Space Center for the first time ever due to bad weather at Edwards caused by the remnants of Hurricane Darby .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-61', 'summary': "STS-61 was the first Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission , and the fifth flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour . The mission launched on 2 December 1993 from Kennedy Space Center in Florida . The mission restored the spaceborne observatory 's vision , marred by spherical aberration , with the installation of a new main camera and a corrective optics package . This correction occurred more than three and a half years after the Hubble was launched aboard STS-31 in April 1990 . The flight also brought instrument upgrades and new solar arrays to the telescope . With its very heavy workload , the STS-61 mission was one of the most complex in the Shuttle 's history . It lasted almost 11 days , and crew members made five spacewalks ( EVAs ) , an all-time record . Even the re-positioning of Intelsat VI on STS-49 in May 1992 required only four . The flight plan allowed for two additional EVAs , which could have raised the total number to seven . The final two contingency EVAs were not made . In order to complete the mission without too much fatigue , the five extravehicular working sessions were shared between two pairs of different astronauts alternating their shifts . During the flight , mission specialist Jeff Hoffman also spun a driedel for the holiday of Chanukah to a live audience watching via satellite ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-73', 'summary': "STS-73 was a Space Shuttle program mission , during October-November 1995 , on board the Space Shuttle Columbia . The mission was the second mission for the United States Microgravity Laboratory . The crew , who spent 16 days in space , were broken up into 2 teams , the red team and the blue team . The mission also included several Detailed Test Objectives or DTO 's ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-82', 'summary': "STS-82 was the 22nd flight of the Space Shuttle Discovery and the 82nd mission of the Space Shuttle program . It was NASA 's second mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope , during which Discovery 's crew repaired and upgraded the telescope 's scientific instruments , increasing its research capabilities and achieved the highest altitude ever attained by a STS Orbiter ( 335-nautical-mile ( 620 km ) ) . Discovery launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 11 February 1997 , returning to Earth on 21 February 1997 at Kennedy Space Center ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-113', 'summary': 'STS-113 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Endeavour . During the 14-day mission in late 2002 , Endeavour and its crew extended the ISS backbone with the P1 truss and exchanged the Expedition 5 and Expedition 6 crews aboard the station . With Commander Jim Wetherbee and Pilot Paul Lockhart at the controls , Endeavour docked with the station on 25 November 2002 to begin seven days of station assembly , spacewalks and crew and equipment transfers . This was Endeavours last flight before entering its Orbiter Major Modification period until STS-118 in 2007 which include modernizing the cockpit , and also the last shuttle mission before the Columbia disaster .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Expedition_6', 'summary': 'Expedition 6 was the sixth expedition to the International Space Station ( 25 November 2002 - 3 May 2003 ) . It was the last three-man crew to reside on the station until the arrival of STS-121 . The crew performed two spacewalks in support of maintenance and assembly of the International Space Station .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-1', 'summary': 'Soyuz TMA-1 [ a ] , also catalogued as Soyuz TM-35 , was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle with a Russian-Belgian cosmonaut crew blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan . This was the fifth Russian Soyuz spacecraft to fly to the International Space Station . It was also the first flight of the TMA-class Soyuz spacecraft . Soyuz TM-34 was the last of the prior Soyuz-TM spacecraft to be launched .'}]}, {'value': 'Roy D. Bridges Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_D._Bridges_Jr.', 'summary': "Roy Dubard Bridges Jr. ( born July 19 , 1943 ) is an American pilot , engineer , retired United States Air Force officer , test pilot , former NASA astronaut and the former Director of NASA 's John F. Kennedy Space Center and Langley Research Center . As a command pilot , he has over 4,460 flying hours . Bridges , is a decorated veteran of 262 combat missions during Vietnam War . And is now a retired U.S. Air Force Major General who served as the director of requirements , Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command , Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio , from June 1993 until his retirement . He is married with two adult children ."}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-08 Major General', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_General_(United_States)', 'summary': 'In the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Air Force , major general is a two-star general officer rank , with the pay grade of O-8 . Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general . [ Note 1 ] A major general typically commands division-sized units of 10,000 to 15,000 soldiers . Major general is equivalent to the two-star rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard , and is the highest permanent peacetime rank in the uniformed services . Higher ranks are technically temporary and linked to specific positions , although virtually all officers promoted to those ranks are approved to retire at their highest earned rank .'}]}, {'value': '1970-02 70B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-51-F', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-51-F', 'summary': "STS-51-F ( also known as Spacelab 2 ) was the 19th flight of NASA 's Space Shuttle program and the eighth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger . It launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on July 29 , 1985 , and landed just under eight days later on August 6 . While STS-51-F 's primary payload was the Spacelab 2 laboratory module , the payload that received the most publicity was the Carbonated Beverage Dispenser Evaluation , which was an experiment in which both Coca-Cola and Pepsi tried to make their carbonated drinks available to astronauts . A helium-cooled Infrared telescope ( IRT ) was also flown on this mission , and while it did have some problems , it observed 60% of the galactic plane in infrared light . During launch Challenger experienced multiple sensor failings in its RS-25 engines and had to perform an Abort to Orbit ( ATO ) emergency procedure . It is the only Shuttle mission to have carried out an abort after launching . As a result of the ATO , the mission was carried out at a slightly lower orbital altitude ."}]}, {'value': 'Curtis Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Curtis_Brown', 'summary': 'Curtis Lee Curt Brown Jr. ( born March 11 , 1956 ) is a former NASA astronaut and retired United States Air Force colonel .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1985-02 85B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-47 , STS-66 , STS-77 , STS-85 , STS-95 , STS-103', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-47', 'summary': 'STS-47 was the 50th Space Shuttle mission of the program , as well as the second mission of Space Shuttle Endeavour . The mission mainly involved conducting experiments in life and material sciences .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-66', 'summary': "STS-66 was a Space Shuttle program mission that was flown by the Space Shuttle Atlantis . STS-66 launched on 3 November 1994 at 11:59:43.060 am EDT from Launch Pad 39-B at NASA 's Kennedy Space Center . Atlantis landed at Edwards Air Force Base on 14 November 1994 at 10:33:45 am EST ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-77', 'summary': 'STS-77 was the 77th Space Shuttle mission and the 11th mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour . The mission began from launch pad 39B from Kennedy Space Center , Florida on 19 May 1996 lasting 10 days and 40 minutes and completing 161 revolutions before landing on runway 33 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-85', 'summary': 'STS-85 was a Space Shuttle Discovery mission to perform multiple space science packages . It was launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 7 August 1997 . A major experiment was the CRISTA-SPAS free-flyer which had various telescopes on board .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-95', 'summary': "STS-95 was a Space Shuttle mission launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida on 29 October 1998 , using the orbiter Discovery . It was the 25th flight of Discovery and the 92nd mission flown since the start of the Space Shuttle program in April 1981 . It was a highly publicized mission due to former Project Mercury astronaut and United States Senator John H. Glenn Jr. 's return to space for his second space flight . At age 77 , Glenn became the oldest person , to date , to go into space . This mission is also noted for inaugurating ATSC HDTV broadcasting in the U.S. , with live coast-to-coast coverage of the launch . In another first , Pedro Duque became the first Spaniard in space . The mission 's objectives involved investigating life-sciences experiments , using the SpaceHab module to perform these experiments on Senator Glenn . Scientific objectives on this mission were not limited to furthering an understanding of the human body , but also to increase astronomical understanding with regards to the Sun , and how it affects life on Earth . The Spartan 201 spacecraft was released by the crew , flying free from the Shuttle , studying the acceleration of the solar wind that originates in the sun 's solar corona . The mission lasted just under ten days , with Discovery completing its voyage by landing at the Kennedy Space Center 's Shuttle Landing Facility . The launch was rare in that the official launch weather forecast provided by the 45th Weather Squadron was 100 percent for favorable weather for launch as well as the Shuttle Landing Facility . Bill Clinton became the second incumbent U.S. President to witness a rocket launch , joined by his wife Hillary on the roof of the Vehicle Assembly Building ; and the only one to attend a Shuttle launch ( President Richard Nixon witnessed the launch of Apollo 12 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-103', 'summary': 'STS-103 was a Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission by Space Shuttle Discovery . The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 19 December 1999 and returned on 27 December 1999 . It was also the last Shuttle launch of the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': 'Duane G. Carey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duane_G._Carey', 'summary': 'Duane Gene Digger Carey ( born April 30 , 1957 in Saint Paul , Minnesota ) is a retired lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force and a former NASA astronaut .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-05 Lt Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': 'In the United States Army , U.S. Marine Corps , and U.S. Air Force , lieutenant colonel is a field-grade military officer rank , just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel . It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services . The pay grade for the rank of lieutenant colonel is O-5 . In the United States armed forces , the insignia for the rank are a silver oak leaf , with slight stylized differences between the version of the Army and the Air Force and that of the Navy and the Marine Corps . Promotion to lieutenant colonel is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act ( DOPMA ) of 1980 , for officers in the Active Component , and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act ( ROPMA ) , for officers in the Reserve Component ( e.g. , Reserve and National Guard ) . DOPMA guidelines suggest that 70 percent of majors be promoted to lieutenant colonel after serving at least three years at their present rank and after 15-17 years of cumulative commissioned service .'}]}, {'value': '1992-01 92A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-109', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-109', 'summary': "STS-109 ( SM3B ) was a Space Shuttle mission that launched from the Kennedy Space Center on 1 March 2002 . It was the 108th mission of the Space Shuttle program , the 27th flight of the orbiter Columbia and the fourth servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope . It was also the last successful mission of the orbiter Columbia before the ill-fated STS-107 mission , which culminated in the Columbia disaster . The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) was placed in orbit during mission STS-31 on 25 April 1990 . Initially designed to operate for 15 years , plans for periodic service and refurbishment were incorporated into its mission from the start . After the successful completion of the second planned service mission ( SM2 ) by the crew of STS-82 in February 1997 , three of the telescope 's six gyroscopes failed . NASA decided to split the third planned service mission into two parts , SM3A and SM3B . A fifth and final servicing mission , STS-125 ( SM4 ) launched on 11 May 2009 . The work performed during SM4 is expected to keep HST in operation through 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'John Casper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Casper', 'summary': 'John Howard Casper ( born July 9 , 1943 ) is an American astronaut and United States Air Force pilot .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1974-01 74A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-36 , STS-54 , STS-62 , STS-77', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-36', 'summary': 'STS-36 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission , during which Space Shuttle Atlantis carried a classified payload for the U.S. Department of Defense ( believed to have been a Misty reconnaissance satellite ) into orbit . STS-36 was the 34th shuttle mission overall , the sixth flight for Atlantis , and the fourth night launch of the shuttle program . It launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 28 February 1990 , and landed on 4 March .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-54', 'summary': 'STS-54 was a Space Transportation System ( NASA Space Shuttle ) mission using Space Shuttle Endeavour . This was the third flight for Endeavour , and was launched on 13 January 1993 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-62', 'summary': "STS-62 was a Space Shuttle program mission flown aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . The primary payloads were the USMP-02 microgravity experiments package and the OAST-2 engineering and technology payload , both in the orbiter 's cargo bay . The two-week mission also featured a number of biomedical experiments focusing on the effects of long duration spaceflight . The landing was chronicled by the 1994 Discovery Channel special about the Space Shuttle program and served as the show 's opening . A C.F . Martin backpacker guitar was also flown aboard Columbia during the mission ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-77', 'summary': 'STS-77 was the 77th Space Shuttle mission and the 11th mission of the Space Shuttle Endeavour . The mission began from launch pad 39B from Kennedy Space Center , Florida on 19 May 1996 lasting 10 days and 40 minutes and completing 161 revolutions before landing on runway 33 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kevin P. Chilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_P._Chilton', 'summary': 'Kevin Patrick Chilli Chilton ( born November 3 , 1954 ) is an American mechanical engineer , and former United States Air Force four-star General and test pilot . His last assignment was as Commander , U.S. Strategic Command from October 3 , 2007 to January 28 , 2011 . Prior to his appointment to general officer ranks , Chilton spent 11 years of his military career as a NASA astronaut . He retired from the Air Force on February 1 , 2011 , after having achieved the highest rank of any military astronaut . On January 30 , 2012 , General Chilton was named to the board of directors of Orbital Sciences Corporation .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-10 General', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/General', 'summary': "A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army , and in some nations ' air forces or marines . [ a ] The term general is used in two ways : as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank . It originates in the 16th century , as a shortening of captain general , which rank was taken from Middle French capitaine général . The adjective general had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction . Today , the title of general is known in some countries as a four-star rank . However , different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks . It has a NATO code of OF-9 and is the highest rank currently in use in a number of armies , air forces and marine organizations ."}]}, {'value': '1984-01 84A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-49 , STS-59 , STS-76', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-49', 'summary': 'STS-49 was the maiden flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour . The primary goal of its nine-day mission was to retrieve an Intelsat VI satellite ( Intelsat 603 , which failed to leave low earth orbit two years before ) , attach it to a new upper stage , and relaunch it to its intended geosynchronous orbit . After several attempts , the capture was completed with the only three-person extra-vehicular activity ( EVA ) in space flight history . It would also stand until STS-102 in 2001 as the longest EVA ever undertaken .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-59', 'summary': 'STS-59 was a Space Shuttle program mission that took place in 1994 . The launch was chronicled by the 1994 Discovery Channel special about the Space Shuttle program .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-76', 'summary': "STS-76 was NASA 's 76th Space Shuttle mission , and the 16th mission for Atlantis . STS-76 launched on 22 March 1996 at 3:13 am EST ( UTC −5 ) from Kennedy Space Center launch pad 39B . STS-76 lasted over 9 days , traveled about 3,800,000 miles ( 6,100,000 km ) while orbiting Earth an estimated 145 times , and landing at 5:28 am PST ( UTC −8 ) on 31 March 1996 at Edwards Air Force Base runway 22 . The flight was the third Shuttle mission to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir , as part of the Shuttle-Mir Program , carrying astronaut Shannon Lucid to the orbital laboratory to replace NASA astronaut Norm Thagard . STS-76 also carried a SPACEHAB single module along with Lucid , and on flight day 6 Linda Godwin and Michael R. Clifford performed the first U.S. spacewalk around two docked spacecraft ."}]}, {'value': 'Eileen Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eileen_Collins', 'summary': 'Eileen Marie Collins ( born November 19 , 1956 ) is a retired NASA astronaut and United States Air Force colonel . A former military instructor and test pilot , Collins was the first female pilot and first female commander of a Space Shuttle . She was awarded several medals for her work . Colonel Collins has logged 38 days 8 hours and 20 minutes in outer space . Collins retired on May 1 , 2006 , to pursue private interests , including service as a board member of USAA .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1989-02 89B', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'STS-63 ( first female shuttle pilot ) , STS-84 , STS-93 ( first female shuttle commander ) , STS-114 ( Return to Flight after Columbia Disaster )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/STS-63', 'summary': "STS-63 was the second mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program , which carried out the first rendezvous of the American Space Shuttle with Russia 's space station Mir . Known as the 'Near-Mir ' mission , the flight used Space Shuttle Discovery , which lifted off from launch pad 39B on 3 February 1995 from Kennedy Space Center , Florida . A night launch and the 20th mission for Discovery , it marked the first time a Space Shuttle mission had a female pilot , Eileen Collins , the first EVAs for both a UK born astronaut Michael Foale and a US astronaut of African heritage Bernard A. Harris , Jr. and it also carried out the successful deployment and retrieval of the Spartan-204 platform , along with the scheduled rendezvous and flyaround of Mir , in preparation for STS-71 , the first mission to dock with Mir ."}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-84', 'summary': 'STS-84 was a crewed spaceflight mission by Space Shuttle Atlantis to the Mir space station .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-93', 'summary': 'STS-93 marked the 95th launch of the Space Shuttle , the 26th launch of Columbia , and the 21st night launch of a Space Shuttle . Eileen Collins became the first female shuttle Commander on this flight . Its primary payload was the Chandra X-ray Observatory . It would also be the last mission of Columbia until March 2002 . During the interim , Columbia would be out of service for upgrading , and would not fly again until STS-109 . The launch was originally scheduled for 20 July but the launch was aborted at T−7 seconds . The successful launch of the flight occurred 3 days later . The payload was also the heaviest payload ever carried by the Space Shuttle system , at over 22.7 tonnes ( 25 tons ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/STS-114', 'summary': 'STS-114 was the first Return to Flight Space Shuttle mission following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster . Discovery launched at 10:39 EDT ( 14:39 UTC ) , 26 July 2005 . The launch , 907 days ( approx . 29 months ) after the loss of Columbia , was approved despite unresolved fuel sensor anomalies in the external tank that had prevented the shuttle from launching on 13 July , its originally scheduled date . The mission ended on 9 August 2005 when Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California . Poor weather over the Kennedy Space Center in Florida hampered the shuttle from using its primary landing site . Analysis of the launch footage showed debris separating from the external tank during ascent ; this was of particular concern because it was the issue that had set off the Columbia disaster . As a result , NASA decided on 27 July to postpone future shuttle flights pending additional modifications to the flight hardware . Shuttle flights resumed a year later with STS-121 on 4 July 2006 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster', 'summary': "The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was a fatal incident in the United States space program that occurred on February 1 , 2003 , when the Space Shuttle Columbia ( OV-102 ) disintegrated as it re-entered the atmosphere , killing all seven crew members . The disaster was the second fatal accident in the Space Shuttle program , after the 1986 breakup of Challenger soon after liftoff . During the launch of STS-107 , Columbia 's 28th mission , a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing of the orbiter . Similar foam shedding had occurred during previous shuttle launches , causing damage that ranged from minor to nearly catastrophic , but some engineers suspected that the damage to Columbia was more serious . Before re-entry , NASA managers had limited the investigation , reasoning that the crew could not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed . When Columbia re-entered the atmosphere of Earth , the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate the heat shield and destroy the internal wing structure , which caused the spacecraft to become unstable and break apart . After the disaster , Space Shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years , as they had been after the Challenger disaster . Construction of the International Space Station ( ISS ) was put on hold ; the station relied entirely on the Russian Roscosmos State Space Corporation for resupply for 29 months until Shuttle flights resumed with STS-114 and 41 months for crew rotation until STS-121 . NASA ultimately made several technical and organizational changes , including adding a thorough on-orbit inspection to determine how well the shuttle 's thermal protection system had endured the ascent , and keeping a designated rescue mission ready in case irreparable damage was found . Except for one final mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope , subsequent shuttle missions were flown only to the ISS so that the crew could use it as a haven if damage to the orbiter prevented safe reentry ."}]}, {'value': 'Michael Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)', 'summary': "Michael Collins ( born October 31 , 1930 ) is an American former astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around the Moon while his crewmates , Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin , made the first crewed landing on the surface . He was a test pilot and major general in the US Air Force Reserves . Selected as part of NASA 's third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963 , Collins flew in space twice . His first spaceflight was on Gemini 10 in 1966 , in which he and Command Pilot John Young performed orbital rendezvous with two different spacecraft and undertook two extravehicular activities ( EVAs , also known as spacewalks ) . On the 1969 Apollo 11 mission he became one of 24 people to fly to the Moon , which he orbited thirty times . He was the fourth person ( and third American ) to perform a spacewalk , the first person to have performed more than one spacewalk , and , after Young , who flew the command module on Apollo 10 , the second person to orbit the Moon alone . Prior to becoming an astronaut , Collins graduated from the United States Military Academy with the class of 1952 . He joined the United States Air Force , and flew F-86 Sabre fighters at Chambley-Bussières Air Base , France . He was accepted into the U.S. Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960 . After retiring from NASA in 1970 , Collins took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs . A year later , he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum , and held this position until 1978 , when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution . In 1980 , he took a job as vice president of LTV Aerospace ."}]}, {'value': 'USAFR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command', 'summary': 'The Air Force Reserve Command ( AFRC ) is a major command ( MAJCOM ) of the United States Air Force , with its headquarters at Robins Air Force Base , Georgia . It is the federal Air Reserve Component ( ARC ) of the U.S. Air Force , consisting of commissioned officers and enlisted airmen . AFRC supports the Air Force mission to defend the United States through the control and exploitation of air and space by supporting Global Engagement . AFRC also plays an integral role in the day-to-day Air Force mission and is not strictly a force held in reserve for possible war or contingency operations .'}]}, {'value': 'O-08 Major General', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Major_General_(United_States)', 'summary': 'In the United States Army , United States Marine Corps , and United States Air Force , major general is a two-star general officer rank , with the pay grade of O-8 . Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general . [ Note 1 ] A major general typically commands division-sized units of 10,000 to 15,000 soldiers . Major general is equivalent to the two-star rank of rear admiral in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard , and is the highest permanent peacetime rank in the uniformed services . Higher ranks are technically temporary and linked to specific positions , although virtually all officers promoted to those ranks are approved to retire at their highest earned rank .'}]}, {'value': '1960-03 60C , III', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gemini 10 , Apollo 11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gemini_10', 'summary': "Gemini 10 ( officially Gemini X ) was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the 8th crewed Gemini flight , the 16th crewed American flight , and the 24th spaceflight of all time ( includes X-15 flights over 100 kilometers ( 54 nautical miles ) ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Apollo_11', 'summary': "Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon . Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin formed the American crew that landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20 , 1969 , at 20:17 UTC . Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours and 39 minutes later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC ; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later . They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft , and they collected 47.5 pounds ( 21.5 kg ) of lunar material to bring back to Earth . Command module pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon 's surface . Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours , 36 minutes on the lunar surface at a site they named Tranquility Base before lifting off to rejoin Columbia in lunar orbit . Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island , Florida , on July 16 at 13:32 UTC , and it was the fifth crewed mission of NASA 's Apollo program . The Apollo spacecraft had three parts : a command module ( CM ) with a cabin for the three astronauts , the only part that returned to Earth ; a service module ( SM ) , which supported the command module with propulsion , electrical power , oxygen , and water ; and a lunar module ( LM ) that had two stages - a descent stage for landing on the Moon and an ascent stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit . After being sent to the Moon by the Saturn V 's third stage , the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered lunar orbit . Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility on July 20 . The astronauts used Eagle 's ascent stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module . They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that propelled Columbia out of the last of its 30 lunar orbits onto a trajectory back to Earth ."}]}, {'value': 'Gordon Cooper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gordon_Cooper', 'summary': 'Leroy Gordon Gordo Cooper Jr. ( March 6 , 1927 - October 4 , 2004 ) was an American aerospace engineer , test pilot , United States Air Force pilot , and the youngest of the seven original astronauts in Project Mercury , the first human space program of the United States . Cooper learned to fly as a child , and after service in the United States Marine Corps during World War II , he was commissioned into the United States Air Force in 1949 . After service as a fighter pilot , he qualified as a test pilot in 1956 , and was selected as an astronaut in 1959 . In 1963 Cooper piloted the longest and last Mercury spaceflight , Mercury-Atlas 9 . During that 34-hour mission he became the first American to spend an entire day in space , the first to sleep in space , and the last American launched on an entirely solo orbital mission . Despite a series of severe equipment failures , he managed to successfully complete the mission under manual control , guiding his spacecraft , which he named Faith 7 , to a splashdown just 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) ahead of the recovery ship . Cooper became the first astronaut to make a second orbital flight when he flew as Command Pilot of Gemini 5 in 1965 . Along with Pilot Pete Conrad , he set a new space endurance record by traveling 3,312,993 miles ( 5,331,745 km ) in 190 hours and 56 minutes - just short of eight days - showing that astronauts could survive in space for the length of time necessary to go from the Earth to the Moon and back . Cooper liked to race cars and boats , and entered the $ 28,000 Salton City 500 miles ( 800 km ) boat race , and the Southwest Championship Drag Boat races in 1965 , and the 1967 Orange Bowl Regatta with fire fighter Red Adair . In 1968 , he entered the 24 Hours of Daytona , but NASA management ordered him to withdraw due to the dangers involved . After serving as backup commander of the Apollo 10 mission , he was superseded by Alan Shepard , and retired from NASA and the Air Force with the rank of colonel in 1971 .'}]}, {'value': 'USAF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}]}, {'value': 'O-06 Colonel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)', 'summary': "In the United States Army , Marine Corps , and Air Force , colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ ) is the most senior field grade military officer rank , immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general . It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the other uniformed services . [ note 1 ] By law , a colonel must have at least 22 years of cumulative service and a minimum of three years as a lieutenant colonel before being promoted . The pay grade for colonel is O-6 . When worn alone , the insignia of rank seen at right is worn centered on headgear and fatigue uniforms . When worn in pairs , the insignia is worn on the officer 's left side while a mirror-image reverse version is worn on the right side , such that both of the eagles faces forward to the wearer 's front ."}]}, {'value': '1956-04 56D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercury 9 , Gemini 5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercury_9', 'summary': 'Mercury-Atlas 9 was the final crewed space mission of the U.S. Mercury program , launched on May 15 , 1963 from Launch Complex 14 at Cape Canaveral , Florida . The spacecraft , named Faith 7 , completed 22 Earth orbits before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean , piloted by astronaut Gordon Cooper , then a United States Air Force major . The Atlas rocket was No . 130-D , and the Mercury spacecraft was No . 20 . This mission marks the last time an American was launched alone to conduct an entirely solo orbital mission .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gemini_5', 'summary': "Gemini 5 ( officially Gemini V ) was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Project Gemini . It was the third crewed Gemini flight , the eleventh crewed American spaceflight ( including two X-15 flights above 100 kilometers ( 54 nmi ) ) , and the nineteenth human spaceflight of all time . It was also the first time an American crewed space mission held the world record for duration , set on August 26 , 1965 , by breaking the Soviet Union 's previous record set by Vostok 5 in 1963 ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Famous alumni -- Astronauts', 'section_text': "Col. Frank Borman , USAF , first lunar orbit as Apollo 8 commander Col. Eileen Collins , USAF , first female shuttle pilot , first female shuttle commander MGen . Michael Collins , USAF , Apollo 11 command module pilot Capt . Robert Crippen , USN , STS-1 pilot , STS commander Col. Jack D. Fischer , USAF , flight engineer , Soyuz MS-04 ( Expedition 51/52 ) Maj. William `` Pete '' Knight by modified X-15A-2 after record-setting flight Maj. Robert Henry Lawrence Jr. , USAF , first African-American astronaut MGen . Robert Rushworth , USAF , X-15 test pilot VADM . Richard H. Truly , USN , NASA administrator , STS commander and pilot Lt. Col. Ed White , USAF , first U.S. spacewalk MGen . Bob White , USAF , first to exceed Mach 4 , 5 and 6 * Individual was killed in a work-related ( aviation ) accident .", 'uid': 'List_of_U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School_alumni_0', 'intro': "The U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (TPS) graduated the following notable alumni who made significant contributions to the aerospace field. The school's mission is to produce experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test navigators to lead and conduct test and evaluation of aerospace weapon systems. The school was established on September 9, 1944, as the Flight Test Training Unit at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB) in Dayton, Ohio. To take advantage of the uncongested skies and superb flying weather, the school was moved on February 4, 1951, to its present location at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert of Southern California. Edwards AFB is the home of the Air Force Flight Test Center and has been an integral part of flight testing for over fifty years. Between 1962 and 1972, the Test Pilot School expanded its role to include astronaut training for military test pilots. Thirty-seven TPS graduates of this era were selected for the U.S. space program, and twenty-six went on to earn astronaut's wings by flying in the X-15, Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle programs. Although the school no longer trains astronauts, many TPS graduates since 1972 have been selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for duties in space. The school encourages applications from civilians, personnel from other U.S. military services, and individuals from foreign countries. An exchange program allows selected students to attend other test pilot schools including the United States Naval Test Pilot School, the United Kingdom's Empire Test Pilots' School, and France's EPNER."}
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In what year did the person in the 1962 class die ?
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1967
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ff98cdab6338e351
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma_Watson', 'title': 'Emma Watson', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher's_Stone_(film)", 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone ( released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone ) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 1997 novel of the same name . The film is the first instalment of the Harry Potter film series and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman . Its story follows Harry Potter 's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley , and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger . Warner Bros. bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported £1 million ( $ 1.65 million in 1999 ) . Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000 , with Chris Columbus being chosen to create the film from a short list of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner . Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British and Irish , and the film was shot at Leavesden Film Studios and historic buildings around the United Kingdom . The film was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom and United States on 16 November 2001 . It became a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 975.8 million at the box office worldwide . The highest-grossing film of 2001 , it is the 47th highest-grossing of all-time ( 2nd at the time of its release ; behind Titanic ) and the second most successful instalment of the Harry Potter series behind Deathly Hallows - Part 2 . The film was nominated for many awards , including Academy Awards for Best Original Score , Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hermione_Granger', 'summary': "Hermione Jean Granger ( /hɜːrˈmaɪ.əni/ /ˈɡreɪndʒər/ ) is a fictional character in J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series . She first appears in Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone , as a new student on her way to Hogwarts . After Harry and Ron save her from a mountain troll in the girls ' restroom , she becomes best friends with them and often uses her quick wit , deft recall , and encyclopaedic knowledge to lend aid in dire situations . Rowling has stated that Hermione resembles herself as a young girl , with her insecurity and fear of failure . The character has had immense popularity . The version of Hermione portrayed by Emma Watson in all eight Harry Potter films from Philosopher 's Stone in 2001 to Deathly Hallows - Part 2 in 2011 was voted the best female film character of all time in a poll conducted amongst Hollywood professionals by The Hollywood Reporter in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets_(film)', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a 2002 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 1998 novel of the same name . The film is a sequel to the 2001 film Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone and the second instalment in the Harry Potter film series . It was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley , and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger and is also the last film to feature Richard Harris as Professor Albus Dumbledore , due to his death that same year . Its story follows Harry Potter 's second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Heir of Salazar Slytherin opens the Chamber of Secrets , unleashing a monster that petrifies the school 's denizens . The film was released in theatres in the United Kingdom and the United States on 15 November 2002 . It became a critical and commercial success , grossing $ 879 million at the box office worldwide . It was the second highest-grossing film of 2002 behind The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers . The movie was nominated for many awards including the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design , Best Sound , and Best Special Visual Effects . It was followed by six sequels , beginning with Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban in 2004 and ending with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 in 2011 , nearly ten years after the first film 's release ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Prisoner_of_Azkaban_(film)', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is a 2004 fantasy film directed by Alfonso Cuarón and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 1999 novel of the same name . The film , which is the third instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by Chris Columbus , David Heyman , and Mark Radcliffe . The story follows Harry Potter 's third year at Hogwarts as he is informed that a prisoner named Sirius Black has escaped from Azkaban and intends to kill him . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It also features well-known actors in supporting roles , including Gary Oldman as Sirius Black , David Thewlis as Professor Lupin , Michael Gambon as Albus Dumbledore , Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney and Timothy Spall as Peter Pettigrew . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and is followed by Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire . The film was released on 31 May 2004 in the United Kingdom , and on 4 June 2004 in North America , as the first Harry Potter film released into IMAX theatres and to be using IMAX Technology . The film was nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Original Music Score and Best Visual Effects at the 77th Academy Awards in 2004 . Prisoner of Azkaban grossed a total of $ 796.9 million worldwide , making it the second highest-grossing film of 2004 and received praise for Cuarón 's direction and the performances of the lead actors . It marked a notable change in the film series ' tone and directing , and is considered by many critics and fans to be one of the best Harry Potter films ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire_(film)', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire is a 2005 fantasy film directed by Mike Newell and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 2000 novel of the same name . The film , which is the fourth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman . The story follows Harry 's fourth year at Hogwarts as he is chosen by the Goblet of Fire to compete in the Triwizard Tournament . The film is the first of the series to receive a PG-13 certificate in the US , and a 12A in the UK , and stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and is followed by Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix . Filming began in early 2004 . The Hogwarts scenes were shot at the Leavesden Film Studios . Five days after its release , the film had grossed over US $ 102 million at the North American box office , which is the third-highest first-weekend tally for a Harry Potter film behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 and Part 2 . Goblet of Fire enjoyed an immensely successful run at the box office , earning $ 897 million worldwide , which made it the highest-grossing film of 2005 and the sixth-highest-grossing film in the Harry Potter series . The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction , and won the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design . Goblet of Fire was the second film in the series to be released in IMAX ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_(film)', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 2003 novel of the same name . The fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , it was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between £75 and 100 million ( $ 150-200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . Order of the Phoenix opened to a worldwide five-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth of all-time , and grossed $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Tale of Despereaux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tale_of_Despereaux_(film)', 'summary': 'The Tale of Despereaux is a 2008 British-American computer-animated adventure fantasy family film directed by Sam Fell and Robert Stevenhagen and produced by Gary Ross and Allison Thomas . Loosely based on the 2003 book of the same name by Kate DiCamillo , the movie is narrated by Sigourney Weaver and stars Matthew Broderick , Robbie Coltrane , Frances Conroy , Tony Hale , Ciarán Hinds , Dustin Hoffman , Richard Jenkins , Kevin Kline , Frank Langella , William H. Macy , Charles Shaughnessy , Stanley Tucci , Tracey Ullman , and Emma Watson . It was released on December 19 , 2008 , by Universal Pictures . The movie is the second theatrically released computer-animated film distributed by Universal Pictures . It was also produced by Universal Animation Studios , Framestore Feature Animation , and Relativity Media . The film grossed $ 86.9 million on a $ 60 million budget and received mixed reviews , where many critics praised the film for its excellent animation and the charming title character , but complained that it had an unoriginal and scrambled story .'}]}, {'value': 'Princess Pea', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_(film)', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a 2009 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is based on J. K. Rowling 's 2005 novel of the same name . The film , which is the sixth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's sixth year at Hogwarts as he receives a mysterious textbook , falls in love , and attempts to retrieve a memory that holds the key to Lord Voldemort 's downfall . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and is followed by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 . Filming began on 24 September 2007 , leading to the film 's worldwide cinematic release on 15 July 2009 , one day short of the fourth anniversary of the corresponding novel 's release . With an estimated budget of $ 250 million , it is the 15th most expensive film ever made and the most expensive film in the Harry Potter film series . The film was simultaneously released in regular cinemas and IMAX 3D everywhere except North America , where its IMAX release was delayed for two weeks . Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince premiered in London on 7 July 2009 and was released theatrically worldwide on 15 July . The film was a major commercial success , breaking the record for the biggest single-day worldwide gross . In five days the film made $ 394 million , breaking the record for highest five-day worldwide gross ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_–_Part_1', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is the first of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling 's 2007 novel of the same name and features an ensemble cast . The film , which is the seventh and penultimate instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman , David Barron , and Rowling . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson , respectively , reprising roles as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and is followed by the concluding entry , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 . The story follows Harry Potter , who has been tasked by Dumbledore with finding and destroying Lord Voldemort 's secret to immortality - the Horcruxes . Filming began on 19 February 2009 ( 2009-02-19 ) and was completed on 12 June 2010 ( 2010-06-12 ) . Part 1 was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats worldwide on 19 November 2010 . In the film 's worldwide opening weekend , Part 1 grossed $ 330 million , the third-highest in the series , and the highest opening of 2010 , as well as the eighth-highest of all time . With a worldwide gross of $ 960 million , Part 1 is the third highest-grossing film of 2010 , behind Toy Story 3 and Alice in Wonderland , and the third-highest-grossing Harry Potter film in terms of worldwide totals , behind Deathly Hallows - Part 2 and Philosopher 's Stone . Additionally , it received two nominations at the 83rd Academy Awards : Best Art Direction and Best Visual Effects ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_–_Part_2', 'summary': "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures . It is the second of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling 's 2007 novel of the same name . The film , which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter series , was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman , David Barron , and Rowling . The story continues to follow Harry Potter 's quest to find and destroy Lord Voldemort 's Horcruxes in order to stop him once and for all . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends , Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . Principal photography began on 19 February 2009 , and was completed on 12 June 2010 , with reshoots taking place in December 2010 , more than ten years after filming started on the first instalment of the series . Part 2 was released in 2D , 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13-15 July 2011 , and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D . The film became a commercial success and one of the best reviewed films of 2011 , with praise for the acting , Yates 's direction , musical score , visual effects , cinematography , action sequences , and the satisfying conclusion of the saga . At the box office , Part 2 claimed the worldwide opening weekend record , earning $ 483.2 million , as well as setting opening day and opening weekend records in various countries . Part 2 grossed over $ 1.3 billion worldwide and became the third-highest-grossing film of all time , as well as the highest-grossing film of 2011 . As of 2020 , it is the 13th-highest-grossing film of all time , the highest-grossing film in the Harry Potter series , as well as in the Wizarding World franchise , and the ninth film to gross over $ 1 billion . It is also the highest-grossing film of Warner Bros. and its parent company WarnerMedia ."}]}, {'value': 'Hermione Granger', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'My Week with Marilyn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Week_with_Marilyn', 'summary': 'My Week with Marilyn is a 2011 drama film directed by Simon Curtis and written by Adrian Hodges . It stars Michelle Williams , Kenneth Branagh , Eddie Redmayne , Dominic Cooper , Julia Ormond , Emma Watson , and Judi Dench . Based on two books by Colin Clark , it depicts the making of the 1957 film The Prince and the Showgirl , which starred Marilyn Monroe ( Williams ) and Laurence Olivier ( Branagh ) . The film focuses on the week during the shooting of the 1957 film when Monroe was escorted around London by Clark ( Redmayne ) , after her husband Arthur Miller ( Dougray Scott ) had returned to the United States . Principal photography began on 4 October 2010 , at Pinewood Studios . Filming took place at Saltwood Castle , White Waltham Airfield , and on locations in and around London . Curtis also used the same studio in which Monroe had shot The Prince and the Showgirl in 1956 . My Week with Marilyn had its world premiere at the New York Film Festival on 9 October 2011 , and was shown at the Mill Valley Film Festival two days later . The film was released on 23 November 2011 , in the United States , and on 25 November in the United Kingdom . For her portrayal of Monroe , Williams was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical , and earned Best Actress nominations from the Academy Awards and British Academy Film Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Lucy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Perks of Being a Wallflower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Perks_of_Being_a_Wallflower_(film)', 'summary': "The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky , based on Chbosky 's 1999 novel of the same name . Logan Lerman stars as a teenager named Charlie who writes to an unnamed friend , and these epistles chronicle his trials , tribulations , and triumphs as he goes through his first year of high school . The film depicts his depression and anxiety as he goes through his journey in high school making new friends . The film 's ensemble cast also features Emma Watson , Ezra Miller , Mae Whitman , Kate Walsh , Dylan McDermott , Nina Dobrev , Johnny Simmons , Erin Wilhelmi , Melanie Lynskey , Paul Rudd and Joan Cusack . Chbosky had always intended to adapt the novel to film but took his time after waiting for the right time . He was hesitant to sell the rights to the film to anyone , but eventually sold them to Mr. Mudd Productions as long they let him write and direct the film . Filming began in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania on May 2011 and lasted approximately fifty days . This is one of the three films from John Malkovich , Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith 's Mr. Mudd Productions that feature struggling teenagers ; the other two are Ghost World and Juno . The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , followed by the United States ' theatrical release on September 21 , 2012 , by Summit Entertainment . It received positive critical response and commercial success , earning $ 33.4 million to a budget of $ 13 million . It received several accolades , including the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature , two Critics ' Choice Movie Awards nominations , including Best Adapted Screenplay for Chbosky , and the 2013 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Film - Wide Release ."}]}, {'value': 'Sam', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Bling Ring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Bling_Ring', 'summary': "The Bling Ring is a 2013 satirical crime film written , directed and produced by Sofia Coppola . It features an ensemble cast , led by Katie Chang , Israel Broussard , Emma Watson , Taissa Farmiga , and Claire Julien . It is based on the 2010 Vanity Fair article The Suspects Wore Louboutins by Nancy Jo Sales , which dealt with a real-life gang known as the Bling Ring . The story follows a group of fame-obsessed teenagers who use the internet to track celebrities ' whereabouts in order to rob their homes . The film is an international co-production by producers in the United States , the United Kingdom , France , Germany and Japan . Coppola began developing a screenplay based on the real-life burglaries in December 2011 . Casting took place in early 2012 , before principal photography began in March that same year in Los Angeles , California . The Bling Ring had its world premiere in the Un Certain Regard section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on May 16 , 2013 . The film was theatrically released in limited theaters on June 14 , 2013 by A24 , before opening in a wide release on June 21 . The film received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics , with many praising the cast and Coppola 's stylish direction ; Watson received critical acclaim for her performance . However , others criticized the film for its shallow and morally ambiguous approach towards the subject matter . The Bling Ring represents the final work of cinematographer Harris Savides , who died of brain cancer while the film was in post-production ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicki Moore', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'This Is the End', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/This_Is_the_End', 'summary': "This Is the End is a 2013 American apocalyptic comedy film written , directed and co-produced by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg in their directorial debuts . It is a feature-length film adaptation of the short film Jay and Seth versus the Apocalypse ( 2007 ) also written by Rogen and Goldberg , with the short 's director Jason Stone serving as an executive producer . Starring James Franco , Jonah Hill , Rogen , Jay Baruchel , Danny McBride , and Craig Robinson , the film centers on fictionalized versions of its cast in the wake of a global biblical apocalypse . Produced by Mandate Pictures and Rogen and Goldberg 's Point Grey Pictures , This Is the End premiered at the Fox Village Theater on June 3 , 2013 and was released theatrically in the United States on June 14 , 2013 by Columbia Pictures . The film was both a critical and commercial success , having grossed $ 126 million worldwide against a $ 32 million production budget ."}]}, {'value': 'Herself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noah_(2014_film)', 'summary': "Noah is a 2014 American epic Biblical drama film directed by Darren Aronofsky and inspired by the Biblical story of Noah 's Ark from the Book of Genesis . Noah , which was co-written by Aronofsky and Ari Handel , stars Russell Crowe as Noah , along with Jennifer Connelly , Emma Watson , Ray Winstone , Logan Lerman , Douglas Booth , and Anthony Hopkins . The film was released in North American theaters on March 28 , 2014 , in 2D and IMAX , while a version converted to 3D and IMAX 3D was released in several other countries . Noah received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $ 362 million worldwide , making it Aronofsky 's highest-grossing film to date . It was praised for its direction and acting , but generated controversy , primarily due to its lack of racial diversity , its perceived left-leaning political messages [ citation needed ] and its extensive use of non-biblical sources for inspiration such as the Book of Enoch . It was banned in China for religion-related reason . It was also banned in several Muslim countries because it was seen as contradicting the teachings of Islam ."}]}, {'value': 'Ila', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colonia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colonia_(film)', 'summary': 'Colonia , also known as The Colony , is a 2015 historical romantic thriller film directed by Florian Gallenberger , produced by Benjamin Herrmann , written by Torsten Wenzel and Gallenberger , and starring Emma Watson , Daniel Brühl , and Michael Nyqvist . The film is set against the backdrop of the 1973 Chilean military coup and the real Colonia Dignidad , a notorious cult in the South of Chile , led by German lay preacher Paul Schäfer . The film is an international co-production of companies in the United Kingdom , Germany , Luxembourg , and France . Principal photography began on 2 October 2014 in Luxembourg ; filming also took place in Germany and Argentina . The film held its world premiere at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival in the Special Presentations section . The film was released in Germany on 18 February 2016 , in the United Kingdom on 1 July 2016 , and in France on 20 July 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regression', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regression_(film)', 'summary': 'Regression is a 2015 psychological thriller mystery film directed , produced and written by Alejandro Amenábar . The film stars Ethan Hawke and Emma Watson , with David Thewlis , Lothaire Bluteau , Dale Dickey , David Dencik , Peter MacNeill , Devon Bostick and Aaron Ashmore in supporting roles . The film had its world premiere at the San Sebastián International Film Festival on September 18 , 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Angela Gray', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beauty and the Beast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(2017_film)', 'summary': "Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos . Co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films , it was filmed entirely in Britain with predominantly British principal actors . The film is a live-action adaptation of Disney 's 1991 animated film of the same name , itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont 's 18th-century fairy tale . It features an ensemble cast including Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters , with Luke Evans , Kevin Kline , Josh Gad , Ewan McGregor , Stanley Tucci , Audra McDonald , Gugu Mbatha-Raw , Ian McKellen , and Emma Thompson in supporting roles . A live-action Beauty and the Beast remake was first announced in April 2014 , with Condon hired to direct it ; Watson , Stevens , Evans , and the rest of the cast signed on between January and April 2015 . Principal photography lasted from May to August 2015 , and took place at Shepperton Studios in England . With an estimated budget of around $ 255 million , it is one of the most expensive films ever made . The film premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23 , 2017 , and was theatrically released in the United States in standard , Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , IMAX , and IMAX 3D formats , along with Dolby Cinema on March 17 , 2017 . The film received generally positive reviews from critics , with many praising the performances of the cast ( particularly those of Watson and Stevens ) , and its faithfulness to the original animated film , as well as elements from the Broadway musical , visual style , production values , and musical score , though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original . The film grossed over $ 1.2 billion worldwide , becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film , making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2017 , and the 10th-highest-grossing film of all time . The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics ' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards . It also received Academy Award nominations for Best Production Design and Best Costume Design at the 90th Academy Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Belle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belle_(Disney)', 'summary': "Belle is a fictional character in Walt Disney Pictures ' 30th animated feature film Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) . Originally voiced by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara , Belle is the non-conforming daughter of an inventor who yearns to abandon her predictable village life in return for adventure . When her father Maurice is imprisoned by a cold-hearted beast , Belle offers him her own freedom in exchange for her father 's , and eventually learns to love the Beast despite his unsightly outward appearance . Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg commissioned Beauty and the Beast as an animated musical with a strong heroine and hired first-time screenwriter Linda Woolverton to write it . Basing her on the heroine of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont 's fairy tale Beauty and the Beast , Woolverton adapted Belle into a stronger and less passive character for the film . Inspired by the women 's rights movement , Woolverton wanted Belle to be a unique Disney heroine different from The Little Mermaid 's popular Ariel , and thus deliberately conceived the character as a feminist in an effort to avoid the criticism Disney had long been receiving due to the studio 's reputation of depicting its female characters as victims . Belle 's strength and love of reading was inspired by American actress Katharine Hepburn 's performance as Jo March in the film Little Women ( 1933 ) , while the writers instilled the adventure-seeking heroine with goals and aspirations beyond romance . However , the story artists and animators often contested Woolverton 's liberated vision for the character . Animated by James Baxter and Mark Henn , the former of whom based the character 's graceful gait on those of impressionist Edgar Degas ' ballerinas , Belle 's European facial features were inspired by those of British actresses Vivien Leigh and Audrey Hepburn . Several additional Hollywood actresses inspired Belle 's appearance , including Natalie Wood , Elizabeth Taylor , and Grace Kelly . Belle has garnered widespread acclaim from film critics who appreciated the character 's bravery , intelligence and independence . Reception towards her feminism , however , has been more mixed , with commentators accusing the character 's actions of being romance-oriented ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Circle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Circle_(2017_film)', 'summary': "The Circle is a 2017 American techno-thriller film directed by James Ponsoldt with a screenplay by Ponsoldt and Dave Eggers , based on Eggers ' 2013 novel of the same name . The film stars Emma Watson and Tom Hanks , as well as John Boyega , Karen Gillan , Ellar Coltrane , Patton Oswalt , Glenne Headly , and Bill Paxton in his final role . The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26 , 2017 , and was theatrically released on April 28 , 2017 , by STXfilms and EuropaCorp . It received negative reviews but grossed $ 40 million worldwide against a budget of $ 18 million , becoming director Ponsoldt 's highest grossing feature ."}]}, {'value': 'Mae Holland', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Women', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Women_(2019_film)', 'summary': 'Little Women is a 2019 American coming-of-age period drama film written and directed by Greta Gerwig . It is the seventh film adaptation of the 1868 novel of the same name by Louisa May Alcott . The film stars Saoirse Ronan , Emma Watson , Florence Pugh , Eliza Scanlen , Laura Dern , Timothée Chalamet , Meryl Streep , Tracy Letts , Bob Odenkirk , James Norton , Louis Garrel , and Chris Cooper . Little Women had its world premiere at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City on December 7 , 2019 , and was released theatrically in the United States on December 25 , 2019 , by Sony Pictures Releasing . The film received critical acclaim , and has grossed $ 191.7 million worldwide . Among its numerous accolades , the film received six nominations at the 92nd Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actress ( Ronan ) , Best Supporting Actress ( Pugh ) , and Best Adapted Screenplay , and won for Best Costume Design . It also received five nominations at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards , winning for Best Costume Design , and two nominations at the 77th Golden Globe Awards .'}]}, {'value': 'Margaret Meg March', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Emma_Watson_0', 'intro': "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model and activist. Born in Paris and brought up in Oxfordshire, Watson attended the Dragon School and trained as an actress at the Oxford branch of Stagecoach Theatre Arts. As a child, she rose to prominence with her first professional acting role as Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series, having acted only in school plays previously. Watson also appeared in the 2007 television adaptation of the novel Ballet Shoes and lent her voice to The Tale of Despereaux (2008). After the last Harry Potter film, she took on starring and supporting roles in My Week with Marilyn (2011), The Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012) and The Bling Ring (2013), made an appearance as an exaggerated version of herself in This Is the End (2013), and portrayed the titular character's adopted daughter in Noah (2014). She went on to star as Belle in the musical romantic fantasy Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Meg March in the coming-of-age film Little Women (2019), the latter of which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Her other film roles include Regression (2015), Colonia (2015), and The Circle (2017). From 2011 to 2014, Watson split her time between working on films and continuing her education, studying at Brown University and Worcester College, Oxford, and graduating from Brown with a bachelor's degree in English literature in May 2014. Her modelling work has included campaigns for Burberry and Lancôme. She also lent her name to a line of clothing for People Tree. She was honoured by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2014, winning British Artist of the Year. That same year, she was appointed as a UN Women Goodwill ambassador and helped launch the UN Women campaign HeForShe, which encourages all genders to work towards gender equality."}
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What crimes are committed in the 2013 movie in which Emma Watson portrayed Nicki Moore ?
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burglaries
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ff99d403602e6a47
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hybridqa
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{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_National_Basketball_Association", 'title': "Women's National Basketball Association", 'header': ['Teams', 'Win', 'Loss', 'Total', 'Year ( s ) won', 'Year ( s ) lost'], 'data': [{'value': 'Minnesota Lynx', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Lynx', 'summary': "The Minnesota Lynx are an American professional basketball team based in Minneapolis , Minnesota , playing in the Western Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team won the WNBA title in 2011 , 2013 , 2015 , and 2017 . Founded prior to the 1999 season , the team is owned by Glen Taylor , who is also the majority owner of the Lynx ' NBA counterpart , the Minnesota Timberwolves . The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as Katie Smith , explosive small forward Seimone Augustus , native Minnesotan Lindsay Whalen , UConn standout Maya Moore , forward Rebekkah Brunson , and center Sylvia Fowles . The Lynx have qualified for the WNBA playoffs in eleven of their twenty-one years . With four championships , the Lynx are tied with the Houston Comets for the most titles in WNBA history , and they have won more Western Conference championships than any other franchise . They currently hold a WNBA record 9 consecutive playoff appearances ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011 , 2013 , 2015 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2011 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2011 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Minnesota Lynx , champions of the Western Conference , swept the champions of the Eastern Conference , the Atlanta Dream in three games . The WNBA Finals was under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 27-7 ) than the Dream ( 20-14 ) . The 2011 Finals marked the first time the teams met in the championship round . The Lynx made their first ever appearance in the Finals while the Dream were making their second consecutive appearance , after appearing in the 2010 championship series . Prior to 2011 the Minnesota franchise had not won a playoff series . They had not qualified for the postseason since 2004 . Only four players had postseason experience : Rebekkah Brunson , Alexis Hornbuckle , Taj McWilliams-Franklin and Lindsay Whalen . To advance to the Finals , the Lynx defeated Diana Taurasi and the Phoenix Mercury 2-0 in the Western Conference Finals . Atlanta won its second straight Eastern Conference championship by defeating the top-seeded Indiana Fever 2-1 in the Eastern Conference Finals . This was the first time in WNBA history that both Finals teams were coached by women ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2013 WNBA Finals was the playoff series for the 2013 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Minnesota Lynx , champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Atlanta Dream , champions of the Eastern Conference . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 26-8 ) than the Dream ( 17-17 ) . The meeting is a rematch of the 2011 WNBA Finals , in which the Lynx defeated the Dream in three games . The Lynx won the first game of the series 84-59 , and the second 88-63 . They finished the sweep with an 86-77 win in Atlanta , becoming the second WNBA team to sweep through the playoffs since the best-of-five finals format was adopted ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2015 WNBA Finals was the championship series for the 2015 WNBA season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . On August 26 , vegasinsider.com projected that the Minnesota Lynx has the highest odds to win the series ( 11/10 ) . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 22-12 ) than the Fever ( 20-14 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2017 WNBA Finals was the best-of-five championship series for the 2017 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , tipping off on September 24 . It was a rematch of last year 's finals matchup . The top-seeded Minnesota Lynx held home court advantage in the Finals , and won three games to two against the second-seeded Los Angeles Sparks . The Sparks won a semifinal series against the Phoenix Mercury to determine one of the Finals berths ; the first-seeded Lynx defeated the Washington Mystics to earn the other . Sylvia Fowles was named the 2017 WNBA Finals MVP ."}]}, {'value': '2012 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2012 WNBA Finals was the series for the 2012 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Minnesota Lynx , champions of the Western Conference , faced the Indiana Fever , champions of the Eastern Conference . The Fever defeated the Lynx three games to one becoming only the second Eastern Conference franchise to capture a WNBA title . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 27-7 ) than the Fever ( 22-12 ) . The Lynx were defending their 2011 WNBA Championship . The Fever appeared in the 2009 Finals ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2016 WNBA Finals was the best-of-five championship series for the 2016 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The top-seeded Minnesota Lynx held home court advantage in the Finals , but lost three games to two to the second-seeded Los Angeles Sparks . The series followed a 2-2-1 format , and eschewed from the previous tradition of having the Western Conference champion face the Eastern Conference champion . Instead , in the 2016 season , the top eight teams qualified for the playoffs , regardless of conference . Both WNBA Finals teams were from the Western Conference . The Sparks won a semifinal series against the Chicago Sky to determine one of the Finals berths ; the first-seeded Lynx defeated the Phoenix Mercury to earn the other . Candace Parker was named the 2016 WNBA Finals MVP . Renee Brown , outgoing Chief of Basketball Operations and Player Relations of the WNBA , issued statements following games 4 and 5 saying the referees had made an error in each game . Nevertheless , the Sparks won the series 3 games to 2 ."}]}, {'value': 'Houston Comets ( folded in 2008 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Houston_Comets', 'summary': "The Houston Comets were a Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) team based in Houston , Texas , United States . Formed in 1997 , the team was one of the original eight WNBA teams and won the first four championships of the league 's existence . They are one of two teams in the WNBA that are undefeated in the WNBA Finals ; the Seattle Storm are the other ( however , the Storm are still in operation ) . The Comets were the first dynasty of the WNBA and are tied with the Minnesota Lynx for the most championships of any WNBA franchise . The team was folded and disbanded by the league in 2008 because new ownership could not be found . The Comets were known for courting great women 's basketball stars . The team had among its members Cynthia Cooper ( the WNBA 's first MVP ) ; college and national team standout Sheryl Swoopes ; Kim Perrot , who succumbed to cancer in 1999 ; and college stars Michelle Snow and Tina Thompson ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 , 1998 , 1999 , 2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1997 WNBA Championship was the championship game of the 1997 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , top-seeded team of the league , defeated the New York Liberty , second-seeded team , 65-51 to win the league 's inaugural championship . The Comets ' 18-10 record gave them home court advantage over New York ( 17-11 ) . For the playoffs , the top four teams overall in the league were seeded one to four . Top seed Houston played the four seed Charlotte and the two seed New York played number three Phoenix ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1998_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1998 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 1998 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , top-seeded team of the league , defeated the Phoenix Mercury , third-seeded team of the league , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Houston 's second straight title . The Comets made their second appearance in the Finals in two years . The Mercury appeared in the Finals for the first time in franchise history . Going into the series , the Comets had won the only championship , being it only the second season of the league 's existence . The Comets ' 27-3 record gave them home court advantage over Phoenix ( 19-11 ) . The Comets lost game 1 in Phoenix , but won games 2 and 3 to take the series ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1999_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1999 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 1999 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the New York Liberty , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Houston 's third title . The Comets made their third appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Liberty made their second Finals appearance . Going into the series , no other team except the Houston Comets had ever won a WNBA championship ( 1997 and 1998 ) . The Comets had a 26-6 record ( .813 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Liberty ( 18-14 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2000_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2000 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 2000 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , second-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the New York Liberty , first-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to none in a best-of-three series . This was Houston 's fourth title . The Comets made their fourth appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Liberty also made their third Finals appearance . Going into the series , no other team except the Houston Comets had won a WNBA championship ( 1997-1999 ) . The Comets had a 27-5 record ( .844 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Liberty ( 20-12 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Comets swept the Liberty ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Los Angeles Sparks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_Sparks', 'summary': "The Los Angeles Sparks are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles , California , playing in the Western Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded before the league 's inaugural 1997 season began . Like some other WNBA teams , the Sparks have the distinction of not being affiliated with an NBA counterpart , even though the market is shared with the Los Angeles Lakers and the Los Angeles Clippers . As of 2019 , the Sparks are the last franchise to win back-to-back titles . Lakers owner Jerry Buss owned the Sparks from 1997 to 2006 when Williams Group Holdings purchased the team . It was previously the sister team of the Los Angeles Lakers . As of 2014 , the Sparks are owned by Sparks LA Sports , LLC . The Sparks have qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in sixteen of their twenty years in Los Angeles , more than any other team in the league . The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as 6 foot 4 inch center Tennessee standout Candace Parker , flashy point guard Nikki Teasley , and nearby USC products Lisa Leslie and Tina Thompson . In 2001 , 2002 , 2003 , 2016 and 2017 , the Sparks went to the WNBA Finals . They won the title in 2001 , 2002 , and 2016 , beating Charlotte , New York , and Minnesota respectively , but fell short to Detroit in 2003 and Minnesota in 2017 . Being in a major national market , the Sparks have always been a focal point of the league ; they faced New York in the league 's inaugural game on June 21 , 1997 ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001 , 2002 , 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2001 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 2001 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Los Angeles Sparks , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Charlotte Sting , fourth-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to none in a best-of-three series . This was Los Angeles ' first title . The Sparks made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sting also made their first Finals appearance . Going into the series , no other team except the Houston Comets had ever won a WNBA championship ( 1997-2000 ) . The Sparks had a 28-4 record ( .875 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Sting ( 18-14 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Sparks swept the Sting ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2002_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2002 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2002 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Los Angeles Sparks , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the New York Liberty , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to none in a best-of-three series . This was Los Angeles ' second title . As of 2017 , this is the last time a WNBA franchise won back to back championships . Coincidentally 2 months before the finals , the Los Angeles Lakers of the NBA would win their 14th title by sweeping a New York Metro team , the New Jersey Nets 4-0 . The Liberty made their fourth appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sparks made their second straight Finals appearance . The Sparks went into the series as defending champions . 2002 marked their second WNBA championship . ( The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . ) The Sparks had a 25-7 record ( .781 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Liberty ( 18-14 ) . To date , this is the last time the New York Liberty have reached the WNBA Finals ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2016_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2016 WNBA Finals was the best-of-five championship series for the 2016 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The top-seeded Minnesota Lynx held home court advantage in the Finals , but lost three games to two to the second-seeded Los Angeles Sparks . The series followed a 2-2-1 format , and eschewed from the previous tradition of having the Western Conference champion face the Eastern Conference champion . Instead , in the 2016 season , the top eight teams qualified for the playoffs , regardless of conference . Both WNBA Finals teams were from the Western Conference . The Sparks won a semifinal series against the Chicago Sky to determine one of the Finals berths ; the first-seeded Lynx defeated the Phoenix Mercury to earn the other . Candace Parker was named the 2016 WNBA Finals MVP . Renee Brown , outgoing Chief of Basketball Operations and Player Relations of the WNBA , issued statements following games 4 and 5 saying the referees had made an error in each game . Nevertheless , the Sparks won the series 3 games to 2 ."}]}, {'value': '2003 , 2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2003 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2003 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Detroit Shock , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the Los Angeles Sparks , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Detroit 's first title . The Shock made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sparks made their third straight Finals appearance . Going into the series , the Sparks had won two WNBA championships ( 2001 , 2002 ) . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Shock had a 25-9 record ( .735 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Sparks ( 24-10 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2017_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2017 WNBA Finals was the best-of-five championship series for the 2017 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , tipping off on September 24 . It was a rematch of last year 's finals matchup . The top-seeded Minnesota Lynx held home court advantage in the Finals , and won three games to two against the second-seeded Los Angeles Sparks . The Sparks won a semifinal series against the Phoenix Mercury to determine one of the Finals berths ; the first-seeded Lynx defeated the Washington Mystics to earn the other . Sylvia Fowles was named the 2017 WNBA Finals MVP ."}]}, {'value': 'Phoenix Mercury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phoenix_Mercury', 'summary': "The Phoenix Mercury are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix , Arizona , playing in the Western Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded before the league 's inaugural 1997 season began ; it is one of the eight original franchises . The team is owned by Robert Sarver , who also owns the Mercury 's NBA counterpart , the Phoenix Suns . The Mercury has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in eleven of its twenty years in Phoenix . The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as former UConn sharpshooter Diana Taurasi , explosive Rutgers grad Cappie Pondexter , former Temple power forward Candice Dupree , former Baylor standout center Brittney Griner , and Australian guard Penny Taylor . In 1998 , 2007 , 2009 , and 2014 , the Mercury went to the WNBA Finals ; they lost to Houston in 1998 , but won the title in 2007 , 2009 , and 2014 over Detroit , Indiana , and Chicago respectively ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007 , 2009 , 2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2007 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2007 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Phoenix Mercury , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Detroit Shock , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , three games to two in a best-of-five series . This was Phoenix 's first ever professional basketball title . 2007 marked the first time in WNBA history that the series was won on the opponent 's home floor . The Mercury beat the Shock in Detroit . The Shock made their third appearance in the Finals in five years . The Mercury appeared in the Finals for the second time since in franchise history . Going into the series , the Shock had won two championships , tied with the Los Angeles Sparks for second most in WNBA history . The now defunct Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Shock 's 24-10 record gave them home court advantage over Phoenix ( 23-11 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Mercury won game five on the Shock 's home floor and became champions of the WNBA ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2009_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2009 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2009 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Indiana Fever , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , faced the Phoenix Mercury , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference . The Phoenix Mercury defeated the Indiana Fever 3 games to 2 to win their second WNBA Finals title . The Fever made their first ever appearance in the Finals . The Mercury made their third appearance in the Finals . The Mercury 's 23-11 record gave them home court advantage over Indiana ( 22-12 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2014_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2014 WNBA Finals was the playoff series for the 2014 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Phoenix Mercury , champions of the Western Conference , faced the Chicago Sky , champions of the Eastern Conference . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Mercury held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 29-5 ) than the Sky ( 15-19 ) . The Mercury swept the Sky in three games to win their third title in franchise history ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1998 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 1998 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , top-seeded team of the league , defeated the Phoenix Mercury , third-seeded team of the league , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Houston 's second straight title . The Comets made their second appearance in the Finals in two years . The Mercury appeared in the Finals for the first time in franchise history . Going into the series , the Comets had won the only championship , being it only the second season of the league 's existence . The Comets ' 27-3 record gave them home court advantage over Phoenix ( 19-11 ) . The Comets lost game 1 in Phoenix , but won games 2 and 3 to take the series ."}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Shock ( now Dallas Wings )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detroit_Shock', 'summary': "The Detroit Shock were a Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) team based in Auburn Hills , Michigan . They were the 2003 , 2006 , and 2008 WNBA champions . Debuting in 1998 , it was one of the league 's first expansion franchises . It was also the first WNBA expansion franchise to win a WNBA Championship . The team was the sister team of the Detroit Pistons and from 2002 to the 2009 season was coached by Pistons legend Bill Laimbeer . On October 20 , 2009 , it was announced that the Shock would be moving to Tulsa , Oklahoma to play in the new downtown arena , the BOK Center . Former men 's college coach Nolan Richardson was named the team 's new head coach . The Shock roster and history was retained along with the Shock name , but the team colors were changed to black , red , and gold . The franchise is currently known as Dallas Wings ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003 , 2006 , 2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2003 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2003 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Detroit Shock , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the Los Angeles Sparks , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Detroit 's first title . The Shock made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sparks made their third straight Finals appearance . Going into the series , the Sparks had won two WNBA championships ( 2001 , 2002 ) . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Shock had a 25-9 record ( .735 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Sparks ( 24-10 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2006_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2006 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2006 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Detroit Shock , second-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the Sacramento Monarchs , second-seeded champions of the Western Conference , three games to two in a best-of-five series . This was Detroit 's second title . The Shock made their second appearance in the Finals in four years . The Monarchs appeared in the Finals for the second straight time after having won the title in 2005 . Going into the series , the Shock had won one championship , as had the Monarchs . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Shock 's 23-11 record gave them home court advantage over Sacramento ( 21-13 ) , but a scheduling conflict meant that the fifth and deciding game had to be moved to Joe Louis Arena in downtown Detroit ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2008_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2008 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2008 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Detroit Shock , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the San Antonio Silver Stars , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , three games to none in a best-of-five series . This was Detroit 's third title in six years . 2008 marked the first time since switching to a five-game format that the Finals series was swept . The Shock made their fourth appearance in the Finals in six years . The Silver Stars appeared in the Finals for the first time in franchise history . Going into the series , the Shock had won two championships , tied with the Los Angeles Sparks for second most in WNBA history . The now defunct Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Silver Stars ' 24-10 record gave them home court advantage over Detroit ( 22-12 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Shock swept the series , winning the first two games on the Silver Stars ' home floor ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2007 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2007 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Phoenix Mercury , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Detroit Shock , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , three games to two in a best-of-five series . This was Phoenix 's first ever professional basketball title . 2007 marked the first time in WNBA history that the series was won on the opponent 's home floor . The Mercury beat the Shock in Detroit . The Shock made their third appearance in the Finals in five years . The Mercury appeared in the Finals for the second time since in franchise history . Going into the series , the Shock had won two championships , tied with the Los Angeles Sparks for second most in WNBA history . The now defunct Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Shock 's 24-10 record gave them home court advantage over Phoenix ( 23-11 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Mercury won game five on the Shock 's home floor and became champions of the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Storm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seattle_Storm', 'summary': "The Seattle Storm are an American professional basketball team based in Seattle , Washington , playing in the Western Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded by Ginger Ackerley and her husband Barry ahead of the 2000 season . The team is currently owned by Force 10 Hoops LLC , which is composed of three Seattle businesswomen : Dawn Trudeau , Lisa Brummel , and Ginny Gilder . The Storm has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in twelve of its seventeen years in Seattle . The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as former UConn stars Sue Bird , Swin Cash , and Breanna Stewart ; 2004 Finals MVP Betty Lennox ; and Australian power forward Lauren Jackson , a three-time league MVP . In 2004 , 2010 , and 2018 , the Storm went to the WNBA Finals ; they 've won every time , beating the Sun in 2004 , the Dream in 2010 , and the Mystics in 2018 . Of the teams that have been to the Finals , they are one of two who have never lost a Finals series ; the defunct Houston Comets are the other . The team cultivates a fan-friendly , family environment at home games by having an all-kid dance squad , which leads young fans in a conga line on the court during time-outs , to the music of C'mon N ' Ride It ( The Train ) by the Quad City DJ 's . Named for the rainy weather of Seattle , the team uses many weather-related icons : the team mascot is Doppler , a maroon-furred creature with a cup anemometer on its head ; the theme song for Storm home games is AC/DC 's Thunderstruck ; and its newsletter is called Stormwatch . The Storm was the sister team of the Seattle SuperSonics of the NBA prior to February 28 , 2008 , when the team was sold to Force 10 Hoops LLC ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 , 2010 , 2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2004 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2004 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Seattle Storm , second-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Connecticut Sun , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Seattle 's first title . The Storm made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sun made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . Going into the series , neither team had won a WNBA championship . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Storm had a 20-14 record ( .588 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Sun ( 18-16 ) . The 2004 Finals was the last time two teams had entered the series without having participated in them before ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2010_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2010 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2010 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The champions of the Eastern Conference , the Atlanta Dream , faced the champions of the Western Conference , the Seattle Storm . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation , with the Storm holding home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 28-6 ) than the Dream ( 19-15 ) . This was the 1st time the teams have met in the championship round . The Dream made their first ever appearance in the Finals while the Storm made their second appearance , after winning the 2004 championship series . This was the second straight year in which neither team advancing to the Finals had been there the previous season . Seattle had not won a playoff series since their Finals victory in 2004 , when they defeated the Connecticut Sun 2-1 . Betty Lennox , who played with Atlanta after leaving the Storm ( now with L.A. ) was named series MVP in 2004 . Only two players remain from the championship roster-all-stars Sue Bird and Lauren Jackson . To advance to the Finals , the Storm defeated Diana Taurasi and the defending champion Phoenix Mercury 2-0 in the Western Conference Finals . This was the first WNBA Finals appearance for both head coaches . Each coach had been with their respective team since the 2008 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2018_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2018 WNBA Finals was the best-of-five championship series for the 2018 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . It featured the top-seeded Seattle Storm and the three-seeded Washington Mystics . The series began on September 7 , 2018 and ended on September 12 , 2018 . After winning the first two games at home , the Storm went on the road and completed the 3-0 series sweep . It was the franchise 's first title in eight years and third overall ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana Fever', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_Fever', 'summary': "The Indiana Fever are an American professional basketball team based in Indianapolis , Indiana , playing in the Eastern Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded before the inaugural 2000 season began . The team is owned by Herb Simon , who also owns the Fever 's NBA counterpart , the Indiana Pacers , and Simon Malls . The Fever has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in 13 of its 20 seasons in Indiana . Some of the players who have helped define the history of the Fever include the American players Tamika Catchings , Katie Douglas , and Tully Bevilaqua from Australia . In 2009 , the Fever went to the WNBA Finals but fell short to Phoenix . On October 21 , 2012 , the Fever won the WNBA Championship with a win over the Minnesota Lynx . Tamika Catchings was named the series MVP ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2012 WNBA Finals was the series for the 2012 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Minnesota Lynx , champions of the Western Conference , faced the Indiana Fever , champions of the Eastern Conference . The Fever defeated the Lynx three games to one becoming only the second Eastern Conference franchise to capture a WNBA title . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 27-7 ) than the Fever ( 22-12 ) . The Lynx were defending their 2011 WNBA Championship . The Fever appeared in the 2009 Finals ."}]}, {'value': '2009 , 2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2009 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2009 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Indiana Fever , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , faced the Phoenix Mercury , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference . The Phoenix Mercury defeated the Indiana Fever 3 games to 2 to win their second WNBA Finals title . The Fever made their first ever appearance in the Finals . The Mercury made their third appearance in the Finals . The Mercury 's 23-11 record gave them home court advantage over Indiana ( 22-12 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2015_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2015 WNBA Finals was the championship series for the 2015 WNBA season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . On August 26 , vegasinsider.com projected that the Minnesota Lynx has the highest odds to win the series ( 11/10 ) . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 22-12 ) than the Fever ( 20-14 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Sacramento Monarchs ( folded in 2009 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sacramento_Monarchs', 'summary': "The Sacramento Monarchs were a basketball team based in Sacramento , California . They played in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) from 1997 until folding on November 20 , 2009 . They played their home games at ARCO Arena . The Monarchs were one of the WNBA 's eight original franchises and were noted early on for standout players Ticha Penicheiro , Ruthie Bolton and Yolanda Griffith . They were the sister franchise of the Sacramento Kings National Basketball Association ( NBA ) team . They were one of the more successful WNBA franchises on the court , though they often trailed behind perennial Western Conference champions the Houston Comets and the Los Angeles Sparks . However , in 2005 , the team brought Sacramento its third championship in a professional sport ( the Sacramento Knights won an indoor soccer championship in 1999 and the Sacramento Surge won the WLAF World Bowl in 1992 ) , winning the WNBA Finals for the only time ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2005 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2005 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Sacramento Monarchs , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Connecticut Sun , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , three games to one in a best-of-five series . This was Sacramento 's first title . The Monarchs made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sun appeared in the Finals for the second straight time after having lost to Seattle in 2004 . Going into the series , neither team had won a WNBA championship . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Sun 's 26-8 record gave them home court advantage over Sacramento ( 25-9 ) ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2006 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2006 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Detroit Shock , second-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the Sacramento Monarchs , second-seeded champions of the Western Conference , three games to two in a best-of-five series . This was Detroit 's second title . The Shock made their second appearance in the Finals in four years . The Monarchs appeared in the Finals for the second straight time after having won the title in 2005 . Going into the series , the Shock had won one championship , as had the Monarchs . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Shock 's 23-11 record gave them home court advantage over Sacramento ( 21-13 ) , but a scheduling conflict meant that the fifth and deciding game had to be moved to Joe Louis Arena in downtown Detroit ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington Mystics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Mystics', 'summary': "The Washington Mystics are an American professional basketball team based in Washington , D.C . The Mystics compete in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) as a member club of the league 's Eastern Conference . The team was founded prior to the 1998 season , and is owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment ( led by Ted Leonsis ) , which also owns the Mystics ' NBA counterpart , the Washington Wizards . Sheila C. Johnson , co-founder of BET and ex-wife of Charlotte Sting owner Robert L. Johnson , is the managing partner . The Mystics have qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in 10 of its 20 seasons of existence , and the franchise has been home to such high-quality players as two-time WNBA MVP Elena Delle Donne , Tennessee standout Chamique Holdsclaw , athletic shooting guard Alana Beard , and nearby Maryland product Crystal Langhorne . Until 2018 , the Mystics were the only current WNBA franchise that had never made it to the WNBA Finals . They lost in the semifinals twice , to New York in 2002 and to the eventual champion Minnesota Lynx in 2017 . After reaching the WNBA Finals for the first time in 2018 , they won their first championship in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2019 WNBA Finals presented by YouTube TV was the best-of-five championship series for the 2019 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The Finals featured the top seeded Washington Mystics facing off against the second seed Connecticut Sun . The Washington Mystics defeated the Connecticut Sun through five turbulent games , with the Mystics winning the odd-numbered games and the Sun emerging victorious through the even-numbered games , exploiting a temporary absence of Elena Delle Donne and drawing upon unrelenting resolve to keep the series going , to make their bid for a championship that ultimately failed after the Mystics resurged in Game 5 's final quarter . This was the first-ever Finals win for the Washington Mystics , as well as the Connecticut Sun 's third Finals appearance ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2018 WNBA Finals was the best-of-five championship series for the 2018 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . It featured the top-seeded Seattle Storm and the three-seeded Washington Mystics . The series began on September 7 , 2018 and ended on September 12 , 2018 . After winning the first two games at home , the Storm went on the road and completed the 3-0 series sweep . It was the franchise 's first title in eight years and third overall ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Liberty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Liberty', 'summary': "The New York Liberty are an American professional basketball team based in the New York metropolitan area , playing in the Eastern Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded in 1997 and is one of the eight original franchises of the league . The team is owned by Joe Tsai , the majority owner of the Brooklyn Nets . The team 's home games are played at Barclays Center in Brooklyn , New York . The Liberty have qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in fourteen of its twenty-three years . The franchise has been home to many well-known players such as Teresa Weatherspoon , Becky Hammon , Leilani Mitchell , Essence Carson , and Cappie Pondexter . Through the 2016 season , the Liberty have four conference championships and have played in the WNBA Finals four times , falling to the Houston Comets in 1997 , 1999 , and 2000 , and losing to the Los Angeles Sparks in 2002 . They have the most appearances in the WNBA Finals without a championship ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997 , 1999 , 2000 , 2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1997 WNBA Championship was the championship game of the 1997 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , top-seeded team of the league , defeated the New York Liberty , second-seeded team , 65-51 to win the league 's inaugural championship . The Comets ' 18-10 record gave them home court advantage over New York ( 17-11 ) . For the playoffs , the top four teams overall in the league were seeded one to four . Top seed Houston played the four seed Charlotte and the two seed New York played number three Phoenix ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1999_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 1999 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 1999 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the New York Liberty , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Houston 's third title . The Comets made their third appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Liberty made their second Finals appearance . Going into the series , no other team except the Houston Comets had ever won a WNBA championship ( 1997 and 1998 ) . The Comets had a 26-6 record ( .813 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Liberty ( 18-14 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2000_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2000 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 2000 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Houston Comets , second-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the New York Liberty , first-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to none in a best-of-three series . This was Houston 's fourth title . The Comets made their fourth appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Liberty also made their third Finals appearance . Going into the series , no other team except the Houston Comets had won a WNBA championship ( 1997-1999 ) . The Comets had a 27-5 record ( .844 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Liberty ( 20-12 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Comets swept the Liberty ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2002_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2002 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2002 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Los Angeles Sparks , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the New York Liberty , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to none in a best-of-three series . This was Los Angeles ' second title . As of 2017 , this is the last time a WNBA franchise won back to back championships . Coincidentally 2 months before the finals , the Los Angeles Lakers of the NBA would win their 14th title by sweeping a New York Metro team , the New Jersey Nets 4-0 . The Liberty made their fourth appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sparks made their second straight Finals appearance . The Sparks went into the series as defending champions . 2002 marked their second WNBA championship . ( The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . ) The Sparks had a 25-7 record ( .781 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Liberty ( 18-14 ) . To date , this is the last time the New York Liberty have reached the WNBA Finals ."}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Dream', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Dream', 'summary': "The Atlanta Dream are an American professional basketball team based in Atlanta , Georgia , playing in the Eastern Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded for the 2008 WNBA season . The team is owned by Dream Too LLC , which is composed of two Atlanta businesswomen : Mary Brock and Kelly Loeffler . Although the Dream share the Atlanta market with the National Basketball Association 's Hawks , the Dream is not affiliated with their NBA counterpart . The Dream play at the Gateway Center Arena in College Park , Georgia . The Dream has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in nine of its 12 years in Atlanta and has reached the WNBA Finals three times . The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as University of Louisville standouts Angel McCoughtry and Shoni Schimmel , former Finals MVP Betty Lennox , and Brazilian sharpshooter Izi Castro Marques . In 2010 , the Dream went to the WNBA Finals but fell short to Seattle . They lost to the Minnesota Lynx in the 2011 and 2013 WNBA Finals ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 , 2011 , 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2010 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2010 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The champions of the Eastern Conference , the Atlanta Dream , faced the champions of the Western Conference , the Seattle Storm . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation , with the Storm holding home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 28-6 ) than the Dream ( 19-15 ) . This was the 1st time the teams have met in the championship round . The Dream made their first ever appearance in the Finals while the Storm made their second appearance , after winning the 2004 championship series . This was the second straight year in which neither team advancing to the Finals had been there the previous season . Seattle had not won a playoff series since their Finals victory in 2004 , when they defeated the Connecticut Sun 2-1 . Betty Lennox , who played with Atlanta after leaving the Storm ( now with L.A. ) was named series MVP in 2004 . Only two players remain from the championship roster-all-stars Sue Bird and Lauren Jackson . To advance to the Finals , the Storm defeated Diana Taurasi and the defending champion Phoenix Mercury 2-0 in the Western Conference Finals . This was the first WNBA Finals appearance for both head coaches . Each coach had been with their respective team since the 2008 season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2011_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2011 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2011 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Minnesota Lynx , champions of the Western Conference , swept the champions of the Eastern Conference , the Atlanta Dream in three games . The WNBA Finals was under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 27-7 ) than the Dream ( 20-14 ) . The 2011 Finals marked the first time the teams met in the championship round . The Lynx made their first ever appearance in the Finals while the Dream were making their second consecutive appearance , after appearing in the 2010 championship series . Prior to 2011 the Minnesota franchise had not won a playoff series . They had not qualified for the postseason since 2004 . Only four players had postseason experience : Rebekkah Brunson , Alexis Hornbuckle , Taj McWilliams-Franklin and Lindsay Whalen . To advance to the Finals , the Lynx defeated Diana Taurasi and the Phoenix Mercury 2-0 in the Western Conference Finals . Atlanta won its second straight Eastern Conference championship by defeating the top-seeded Indiana Fever 2-1 in the Eastern Conference Finals . This was the first time in WNBA history that both Finals teams were coached by women ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2013 WNBA Finals was the playoff series for the 2013 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Minnesota Lynx , champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Atlanta Dream , champions of the Eastern Conference . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Lynx held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 26-8 ) than the Dream ( 17-17 ) . The meeting is a rematch of the 2011 WNBA Finals , in which the Lynx defeated the Dream in three games . The Lynx won the first game of the series 84-59 , and the second 88-63 . They finished the sweep with an 86-77 win in Atlanta , becoming the second WNBA team to sweep through the playoffs since the best-of-five finals format was adopted ."}]}, {'value': 'Connecticut Sun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Connecticut_Sun', 'summary': "The Connecticut Sun are an American professional basketball team based in Uncasville , Connecticut that competes in the Eastern Conference of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . Along with the Minnesota Lynx , the club was established in 1999 as part of the league 's expansion from ten to twelve teams . The Miracle , the club 's previous moniker , originated that year in Orlando , Florida , as the sister team to the NBA 's Orlando Magic . Financial straits left the Miracle teetering on the brink of disbanding before the Mohegan Indian tribe purchased and relocated the team to Mohegan Sun , becoming the first Native American tribe to own a professional sports franchise . The derivative of the club 's name comes from its affiliation with Mohegan Sun , while the team 's logo is reflective of a modern interpretation of an ancient Mohegan symbol . Capitalizing on the popularity of women 's basketball in the state , as a result of the success of the UConn Huskies , the Sun also held the distinction of being the only WNBA franchise not to share its market with an NBA team from 2003 until the Seattle SuperSonics relocated , leaving the Storm as an independent team in Seattle . The Sun has qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in eight of its fourteen years in Connecticut ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004 , 2005 , 2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2004 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2004 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Seattle Storm , second-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Connecticut Sun , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to one in a best-of-three series . This was Seattle 's first title . The Storm made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sun made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . Going into the series , neither team had won a WNBA championship . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Storm had a 20-14 record ( .588 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Sun ( 18-16 ) . The 2004 Finals was the last time two teams had entered the series without having participated in them before ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2005_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2005 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2005 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Sacramento Monarchs , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Connecticut Sun , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , three games to one in a best-of-five series . This was Sacramento 's first title . The Monarchs made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sun appeared in the Finals for the second straight time after having lost to Seattle in 2004 . Going into the series , neither team had won a WNBA championship . The Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Sun 's 26-8 record gave them home court advantage over Sacramento ( 25-9 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2019_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2019 WNBA Finals presented by YouTube TV was the best-of-five championship series for the 2019 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The Finals featured the top seeded Washington Mystics facing off against the second seed Connecticut Sun . The Washington Mystics defeated the Connecticut Sun through five turbulent games , with the Mystics winning the odd-numbered games and the Sun emerging victorious through the even-numbered games , exploiting a temporary absence of Elena Delle Donne and drawing upon unrelenting resolve to keep the series going , to make their bid for a championship that ultimately failed after the Mystics resurged in Game 5 's final quarter . This was the first-ever Finals win for the Washington Mystics , as well as the Connecticut Sun 's third Finals appearance ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago Sky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chicago_Sky', 'summary': "The Chicago Sky are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago , playing in the Eastern Conference of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The franchise was founded before the 2006 WNBA season began . It is owned by Michael J . Alter ( principal owner ) and Margaret Stender ( minority owner ) . The team experienced a period of success from 2013 to 2016 , making four playoff appearances and playing in the 2014 WNBA Finals . Unlike many other WNBA teams , the Sky is not affiliated with a National Basketball Association ( NBA ) counterpart , although the Chicago Bulls play in the same market ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2014 WNBA Finals was the playoff series for the 2014 season of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Phoenix Mercury , champions of the Western Conference , faced the Chicago Sky , champions of the Eastern Conference . The WNBA Finals were under a 2-2-1 rotation . The Mercury held home-court advantage as they had a better regular season record ( 29-5 ) than the Sky ( 15-19 ) . The Mercury swept the Sky in three games to win their third title in franchise history ."}]}, {'value': 'San Antonio Stars ( now Las Vegas Aces )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Antonio_Stars', 'summary': "The San Antonio Stars was a professional basketball team based in San Antonio , Texas , playing in the Western Conference in the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The team was founded in Salt Lake City , Utah , as the Utah Starzz before the league 's inaugural 1997 season began ; then moved to San Antonio before the 2003 season and became the San Antonio Silver Stars , then simply the San Antonio Stars in 2014 . The team was owned by Spurs Sports & Entertainment , which also owned the San Antonio Spurs of the NBA . The team was sold to MGM Resorts International in 2017 and became the Las Vegas Aces for the 2018 season . The Stars qualified for the WNBA Playoffs in seven of their fourteen years in San Antonio . The franchise has been home to many high-quality players such as all-star point guard Becky Hammon , solid power-forward Sophia Young , former first-overall draft pick Ann Wauters , and seven-foot-two-inch center Margo Dydek . In 2008 , the Silver Stars went to the WNBA Finals but they were swept by Detroit . The Stars played their games at AT & T Center ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2008 WNBA Finals was the championship series of the 2008 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Detroit Shock , top-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , defeated the San Antonio Silver Stars , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , three games to none in a best-of-five series . This was Detroit 's third title in six years . 2008 marked the first time since switching to a five-game format that the Finals series was swept . The Shock made their fourth appearance in the Finals in six years . The Silver Stars appeared in the Finals for the first time in franchise history . Going into the series , the Shock had won two championships , tied with the Los Angeles Sparks for second most in WNBA history . The now defunct Houston Comets hold the record with four championships won . The Silver Stars ' 24-10 record gave them home court advantage over Detroit ( 22-12 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Shock swept the series , winning the first two games on the Silver Stars ' home floor ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlotte Sting ( folded in 2006 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlotte_Sting', 'summary': "The Charlotte Sting was a Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) team based in Charlotte , North Carolina , United States , one of the league 's eight original teams . The team folded on January 3 , 2007 . The Sting was originally the sister organization of the Charlotte Hornets , until that NBA team relocated to New Orleans in 2002 . Robert L. Johnson , founder of Black Entertainment Television , purchased the team in January 2003 , shortly after he was announced as the principal owner of an NBA expansion franchise that replaced the departing Hornets . Uniforms :"}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_WNBA_Finals', 'summary': "The 2001 WNBA Championship was the championship series of the 2001 WNBA season , and the conclusion of the season 's playoffs . The Los Angeles Sparks , top-seeded champions of the Western Conference , defeated the Charlotte Sting , fourth-seeded champions of the Eastern Conference , two games to none in a best-of-three series . This was Los Angeles ' first title . The Sparks made their first appearance in the Finals in franchise history . The Sting also made their first Finals appearance . Going into the series , no other team except the Houston Comets had ever won a WNBA championship ( 1997-2000 ) . The Sparks had a 28-4 record ( .875 ) , good enough to receive home-court advantage over the Sting ( 18-14 ) . It did not matter , however , as the Sparks swept the Sting ."}]}], 'section_title': 'League championships', 'section_text': 'The Houston Comets and Minnesota Lynx hold the distinction of having won the most championships with 4 titles each . The Comets folded in 2008 . The Lynx have the most appearances in the championship with 6 , all occurring in the 7 years from 2011-2017 . Teams in red have folded and can no longer reach the WNBA Finals .', 'uid': "Women's_National_Basketball_Association_1", 'intro': "The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) is a professional basketball league in the United States. It is currently composed of twelve teams. The league was founded on April 24, 1996, as the women's counterpart to the National Basketball Association (NBA), and league play started in 1997. The regular season is played from May to September, with the All Star game being played midway through the season in July and the WNBA Finals at the end of September until the beginning of October. Starting in 2020, a midseason tournament, the Commissioner's Cup, will be added, with regular-season Cup games played through early July followed by a final match in August. Five WNBA teams have direct NBA counterparts and play in the same arena: Indiana Fever, Los Angeles Sparks, Minnesota Lynx, New York Liberty, and Phoenix Mercury. The Atlanta Dream, Chicago Sky, Connecticut Sun, Dallas Wings, Las Vegas Aces, Seattle Storm, and Washington Mystics do not share an arena with a direct NBA counterpart, although four of the seven (the Dream, the Sky, the Wings, and the Mystics) share a market with an NBA counterpart, and the Storm shared an arena and market with an NBA team at the time of its founding. The Dream, the Sky, the Sun, the Wings, the Aces, the Sparks, and the Storm are all independently owned."}
| null | null |
What are the Year ( s ) won of the team that plays their home games at ARCO Arena ?
|
2005
|
ff9a8315be533e9d
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_New_Zealand_Parliament', 'title': '1st New Zealand Parliament', 'header': ['Member', 'Electorate', 'Province', 'Election date'], 'data': [{'value': 'William Moorhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Sefton_Moorhouse', 'summary': 'William Sefton Moorhouse ( c.1825 - 15 September 1881 ) was a British-born New Zealand politician . He was the second Superintendent of Canterbury Province .'}]}, {'value': 'Akaroa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akaroa_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Akaroa was a New Zealand electorate . It was located in on Banks Peninsula , in Canterbury , and named after the town of the same name . One of the original 24 electorates , it existed from 1853 to 1893 .'}]}, {'value': 'Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canterbury_Province', 'summary': 'The Canterbury Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . Its capital was Christchurch .'}]}, {'value': '24 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Bartley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Bartley_(politician)', 'summary': 'Thomas Houghton Bartley JP ( 1798 - 25 December 1878 ) was a New Zealand politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland City of Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Auckland ( or , more formally , City of Auckland ) was a New Zealand electorate . It covered the core of Auckland during the early days of New Zealand democracy , when the city was small enough to be covered by two or three seats .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Province', 'summary': "The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand . It was the largest of the six initial provinces , both by area and population . The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude , which was an arbitrary line , as the country 's interior was little known by Europeans . It was not subdivided during its existence ; the Taranaki Province ( originally named New Plymouth Province ) was the other one that kept its boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Loughlin O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Loughlin_O'Brien", 'summary': "Loughlin O'Brien ( 23 November 1821 - 17 April 1901 ) , often spelled Laughlin O'Brien , was a New Zealand politician and judge ."}]}, {'value': 'Auckland City of Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Auckland ( or , more formally , City of Auckland ) was a New Zealand electorate . It covered the core of Auckland during the early days of New Zealand democracy , when the city was small enough to be covered by two or three seats .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Province', 'summary': "The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand . It was the largest of the six initial provinces , both by area and population . The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude , which was an arbitrary line , as the country 's interior was little known by Europeans . It was not subdivided during its existence ; the Taranaki Province ( originally named New Plymouth Province ) was the other one that kept its boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': "James O'Neill", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/James_O'Neill_(New_Zealand_politician)", 'summary': "The Honourable James O'Neill ( 1819-1882 ) was born in Manorhamilton , County Leitrim , Ireland . In Ireland , he trained as an apothecary but then emigrated to New Zealand , arriving in 1840 . There , he became a significant 19th century politician ."}]}, {'value': 'Auckland City of Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Auckland ( or , more formally , City of Auckland ) was a New Zealand electorate . It covered the core of Auckland during the early days of New Zealand democracy , when the city was small enough to be covered by two or three seats .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Province', 'summary': "The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand . It was the largest of the six initial provinces , both by area and population . The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude , which was an arbitrary line , as the country 's interior was little known by Europeans . It was not subdivided during its existence ; the Taranaki Province ( originally named New Plymouth Province ) was the other one that kept its boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '11 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frederick Merriman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frederick_Merriman_(politician)', 'summary': 'Frederick Ward Merriman ( 18 October 1818 - 21 July 1865 ) , generally called Frederick Merriman , was a 19th-century New Zealand politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Suburbs of Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suburbs_of_Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Suburbs of Auckland was a parliamentary electorate in Auckland , New Zealand from 1853 to 1860 .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Province', 'summary': "The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand . It was the largest of the six initial provinces , both by area and population . The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude , which was an arbitrary line , as the country 's interior was little known by Europeans . It was not subdivided during its existence ; the Taranaki Province ( originally named New Plymouth Province ) was the other one that kept its boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '10 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Porter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Field_Porter', 'summary': 'William Field Porter ( 24 January 1784 - 30 March 1869 ) was a ship owner from Liverpool , who migrated to South Australia in 1838 . He relocated to Auckland in 1841 , where he became a member of the New Zealand Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Suburbs of Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suburbs_of_Auckland_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Suburbs of Auckland was a parliamentary electorate in Auckland , New Zealand from 1853 to 1860 .'}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Province', 'summary': "The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand . It was the largest of the six initial provinces , both by area and population . The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude , which was an arbitrary line , as the country 's interior was little known by Europeans . It was not subdivided during its existence ; the Taranaki Province ( originally named New Plymouth Province ) was the other one that kept its boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '10 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Carleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hugh_Carleton', 'summary': "Hugh Francis Carleton ( 3 July 1810 - 14 July 1890 ) was New Zealand 's first member of parliament ."}]}, {'value': 'Bay of Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bay_of_Islands_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': "Bay of Islands is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate . It existed during various periods between 1853 and 1993 . It was thus one of the original 24 electoral districts , and New Zealand 's first ever MP was elected , although unopposed , in the Bay of Islands ; Hugh Carleton thus liked to be called the Father of the House ."}]}, {'value': 'Auckland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auckland_Province', 'summary': "The province covered roughly half of the North Island of New Zealand . It was the largest of the six initial provinces , both by area and population . The southern boundary was mostly along the 39th latitude , which was an arbitrary line , as the country 's interior was little known by Europeans . It was not subdivided during its existence ; the Taranaki Province ( originally named New Plymouth Province ) was the other one that kept its boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '14 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Stuart-Wortley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Stuart-Wortley_(New_Zealand_politician)', 'summary': 'James Frederick Stuart-Wortley JP ( 16 January 1833 - 27 November 1870 ) was a politician in New Zealand and the UK .'}]}, {'value': 'Christchurch Country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch_Country_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Christchurch Country was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1853 to 1860 . It was thus one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canterbury_Province', 'summary': 'The Canterbury Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . Its capital was Christchurch .'}]}, {'value': '27 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerningham Wakefield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerningham_Wakefield', 'summary': "Edward Jerningham Wakefield ( 25 June 1820 - 3 March 1879 ) , known as Jerningham Wakefield , was the only son of Edward Gibbon Wakefield . As such , he was closely associated with his father 's interest in colonisation . He worked for the New Zealand Company and later was a member of the Canterbury Association . He was active as a politician in New Zealand , both at national and provincial level , but became an alcoholic and died penniless in an old people 's home ."}]}, {'value': 'Christchurch Country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch_Country_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Christchurch Country was a parliamentary electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand from 1853 to 1860 . It was thus one of the original 24 electorates used for the 1st New Zealand Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canterbury_Province', 'summary': 'The Canterbury Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . Its capital was Christchurch .'}]}, {'value': '27 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Sewell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Sewell', 'summary': "Henry Sewell ( 7 September 1807 - 14 May 1879 ) was a prominent 19th-century New Zealand politician . He was a notable campaigner for New Zealand self-government , and is generally regarded as having been the country 's first Premier ( an office that would later be titled Prime Minister ) , having led the Sewell Ministry in 1856 . He later served as Colonial Treasurer ( 1856-59 ) , as Attorney-General ( 1861-62 ) , and twice as Minister of Justice ( 1864-65 , 1869-72 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Christchurch Town of Christchurch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christchurch_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Christchurch was a parliamentary electorate in Christchurch , New Zealand . It existed three times . Originally it was the Town of Christchurch from 1853 to 1860 . From the 1860-1861 election to the 1871 election , it existed as City of Christchurch . It then existed from the 1875-1876 election until the 1881 election . The last period was from the 1890 election to the 1905 election . Since the 1946 election , a similarly named electorate called Christchurch Central has been in existence . The historic electorate was represented by 21 members of parliament . For some of the time , it was represented by one member at a time . During other periods , it was one of the few three-member electorates in New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': 'Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canterbury_Province', 'summary': 'The Canterbury Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . Its capital was Christchurch .'}]}, {'value': '20 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Cargill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cargill_(politician)', 'summary': 'John Cargill ( 1821 - 2 January 1898 ) was a New Zealand politician and runholder .'}]}, {'value': 'Dunedin Country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunedin_Country_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Dunedin Country was a parliamentary electorate in the rural area surrounding the city of Dunedin in Otago , New Zealand , from 1853 to 1860 . It was a two-member electorate and was represented by a total of five members of parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Otago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otago_Province', 'summary': 'The Otago Province was a province of New Zealand until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . The capital of the province was Dunedin . Southland Province split from Otago in 1861 , but became part of the province again in 1870 .'}]}, {'value': '1 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Cutten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Cutten', 'summary': 'William Henry Cutten ( 10 April 1822 - 30 June 1883 ) was a New Zealand politician from the Otago region .'}]}, {'value': 'Dunedin Country', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunedin_Country_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Dunedin Country was a parliamentary electorate in the rural area surrounding the city of Dunedin in Otago , New Zealand , from 1853 to 1860 . It was a two-member electorate and was represented by a total of five members of parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Otago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otago_Province', 'summary': 'The Otago Province was a province of New Zealand until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . The capital of the province was Dunedin . Southland Province split from Otago in 1861 , but became part of the province again in 1870 .'}]}, {'value': '1 October', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Macandrew', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Macandrew', 'summary': 'James Macandrew ( 1819 ( ? ) - 25 February 1887 ) was a New Zealand ship-owner and politician . He served as a Member of Parliament from 1853 to 1887 and as the last Superintendent of Otago Province .'}]}, {'value': 'Dunedin Town of Dunedin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Dunedin or the City of Dunedin or the Town of Dunedin was a parliamentary electorate in the city of Dunedin in Otago , New Zealand . It was one of the original electorates created in 1853 and existed , with two breaks , until 1905 . It was the only New Zealand electorate that was created as a single-member , two-member and three member electorate .'}]}, {'value': 'Otago', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otago_Province', 'summary': 'The Otago Province was a province of New Zealand until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . The capital of the province was Dunedin . Southland Province split from Otago in 1861 , but became part of the province again in 1870 .'}]}, {'value': '27 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_King_(New_Zealand_politician)', 'summary': 'Thomas King ( 21 November 1821 - 28 April 1893 ) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician . He served in the first two Parliaments , and was otherwise active in New Plymouth . He was one of the first settlers , coming out on the first ship to New Plymouth in 1841 .'}]}, {'value': 'Grey and Bell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grey_and_Bell', 'summary': 'Grey and Bell was a Taranaki electorate in the New Zealand Parliament from 1853 to 1881 .'}]}, {'value': 'New Plymouth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taranaki_Province', 'summary': 'For the current top-level subdivision of Taranaki in New Zealand , see Taranaki region'}]}, {'value': '27 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfred Ludlam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Ludlam', 'summary': "Alfred Ludlam ( 1810 - 8 November 1877 ) was a leading New Zealand politician , horticulturist and farmer who owned land at Wellington and in the Hutt Valley . A member of three of New Zealand 's four earliest parliaments , he was also a philanthropist and a founder of Wellington 's Botanic Garden ."}]}, {'value': 'Hutt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Hutt was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate . It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978 . It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Province', 'summary': 'The Wellington Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 .'}]}, {'value': '18 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edward Gibbon Wakefield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Gibbon_Wakefield', 'summary': 'Edward Gibbon Wakefield ( 20 March 1796 - 16 May 1862 ) is considered a key figure in the establishment of the colonies of South Australia and New Zealand ( where he later served as an MP ) . He also had some interests in Canada , being elected to Parliament but never taking up the seat . He was best known for his colonisation scheme , sometimes referred to as the Wakefield scheme , which aimed to populate the new Province South Australia with a workable combination of labourers , tradespeople , artisans and capital . The scheme was to be financed by the sale of land to the capitalists who would thereby support the other classes of emigrants . Despite being imprisoned for three years in 1827 for kidnapping a fifteen-year-old girl , he enjoyed a distinguished political career .'}]}, {'value': 'Hutt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Hutt was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate . It was one of the original electorates in 1853 and existed during two periods until 1978 . It was represented by 13 Members of Parliament .'}]}, {'value': 'Wellington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wellington_Province', 'summary': 'The Wellington Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 .'}]}, {'value': '19 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James FitzGerald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_FitzGerald_(New_Zealand_politician)', 'summary': "James Edward FitzGerald ( 4 March 1818 - 2 August 1896 ) was a New Zealand politician . According to some historians , he should be considered the country 's first Prime Minister , although a more conventional view is that neither he nor his successor ( Thomas Forsaith ) should properly be given that title . He was a notable campaigner for New Zealand self-governance . He was the first Superintendent of the Canterbury Province ."}]}, {'value': 'Lyttelton Town of Lyttelton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Lyttelton is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate . It existed from 1853 to 1890 , and again from 1893 to 1996 , when it was replaced by the Banks Peninsula electorate .'}]}, {'value': 'Canterbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canterbury_Province', 'summary': 'The Canterbury Province was a province of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876 . Its capital was Christchurch .'}]}, {'value': '17 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfred Picard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Christopher_Picard', 'summary': 'Alfred Christopher Picard ( 24 May 1824 - 17 September 1855 ) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician . Picard was born in London in 1824 . He arrived in New Zealand in 1848 with the Ajax and first settled in Nelson . By 1853 , he was living in Riwaka near Motueka , with his profession listed as solicitor . He married Mary Ann Askew on 10 July 1850 and they had two sons ; William Alfred and John Thomas . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Motueka and Massacre Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Motueka_and_Massacre_Bay_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Motueka and Massacre Bay was one of the original parliamentary electorates created for the 1st New Zealand Parliament . It existed from 1853 to 1860 and was represented by three Members of Parliament . In the 1860 electoral redistribution , the area was split in half , and the Motueka and Collingwood electorates were created from it .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Province', 'summary': 'Nelson Province was constituted in 1853 under the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , and originally covered the entire upper South Island , including all of present-day Buller , Kaikoura , Marlborough , and Tasman districts , along with Nelson City , Grey District north of the Grey River , and the Hurunui District north of the Hurunui River . It was reduced in size by the creation of Marlborough Province in November 1859 , then abolished in 1876 , along with all the provinces of New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '18 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Mackay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Mackay_(New_Zealand_politician,_born_1804)', 'summary': 'James Mackay ( 1804 - 29 May 1875 ) was a New Zealand politician . He was a member of the 1st New Zealand Parliament . He is remembered for the incident with Henry Sewell in Parliament in 1854 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson Town of Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Town_of_Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Nelson is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate , returning one Member of Parliament to the House of Representatives of New Zealand . From 1853 to 1860 , the electorate was called Town of Nelson . From 1860 to 1881 , it was City of Nelson . The electorate is the only one that has continuously existed since the 1st Parliament in 1853 . The current MP for Nelson is Nick Smith of the National Party . He has held this position since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Province', 'summary': 'Nelson Province was constituted in 1853 under the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , and originally covered the entire upper South Island , including all of present-day Buller , Kaikoura , Marlborough , and Tasman districts , along with Nelson City , Grey District north of the Grey River , and the Hurunui District north of the Hurunui River . It was reduced in size by the creation of Marlborough Province in November 1859 , then abolished in 1876 , along with all the provinces of New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '25 July', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Travers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Travers_(politician)', 'summary': 'William Thomas Locke Travers ( January 1819 - 23 April 1903 ) was a New Zealand lawyer , politician , explorer , and naturalist .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson Town of Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Town_of_Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)', 'summary': 'Nelson is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate , returning one Member of Parliament to the House of Representatives of New Zealand . From 1853 to 1860 , the electorate was called Town of Nelson . From 1860 to 1881 , it was City of Nelson . The electorate is the only one that has continuously existed since the 1st Parliament in 1853 . The current MP for Nelson is Nick Smith of the National Party . He has held this position since 1996 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nelson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nelson_Province', 'summary': 'Nelson Province was constituted in 1853 under the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 , and originally covered the entire upper South Island , including all of present-day Buller , Kaikoura , Marlborough , and Tasman districts , along with Nelson City , Grey District north of the Grey River , and the Hurunui District north of the Hurunui River . It was reduced in size by the creation of Marlborough Province in November 1859 , then abolished in 1876 , along with all the provinces of New Zealand .'}]}, {'value': '25 July', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Initial composition of the 1st Parliament', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1st_New_Zealand_Parliament_0', 'intro': "The 1st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election (held the previous year). It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election. 37 Members of the House of Representatives (MHRs) represented 24 electorates."}
| null | null |
Which providence pertains to the politician born on 23 November 1821 ?
|
Auckland
|
ff9aafd2865e25ea
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Austria_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Austria at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Korean : 제23회 동계 올림픽 , romanized : Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province , South Korea , with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018 , the day before the opening ceremony . Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011 , at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . This was the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , but it was only the first Winter Olympics to be held in the country . It was the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the following two being Tokyo 2020 ( summer ) and Beijing 2022 ( winter ) . It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games , after Sapporo ( 1972 ) and Nagano ( 1998 ) , both of these cities in Japan . It was also the first Winter Olympics to be held in mainland Asia . The Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines , a record number of events for the Winter Games . Four events made their Olympic debut in 2018 : big air snowboarding , mass start speed skating , mixed doubles curling , and mixed team alpine skiing . A total of 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed , including the national debuts of Ecuador , Eritrea , Kosovo , Malaysia , Nigeria and Singapore . After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics , the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended , but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ) . North Korea agreed to participate in the Games despite tense relations with South Korea ; the two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea , and fielded a unified team ( COR ) in the women 's ice hockey . Norway led the total medal tally with 39 , followed by Germany 's 31 and Canada 's 29 ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Veith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Veith', 'summary': 'Anna Veith ( née Fenninger ; born 18 June 1989 ) is an Austrian World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist . She was the overall World Cup champion for the 2014 and 2015 seasons . Born in Hallein , Veith is from the village of Adnet in Salzburg and made her World Cup debut at age 17 in November 2006 . She competed in all five alpine disciplines , but omitted slalom as of January 2012 . Her first major success was becoming world champion in the super combined in 2011 , without having won a World Cup race before . At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia , Veith won the super-G at Rosa Khutor for her first Olympic medal , and at the end of the season she won the World Cup overall and giant slalom titles .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liu Jia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liu_Jia', 'summary': 'Liu Jia ( Chinese : 刘佳 ; born 16 February 1982 in Beijing , China ) is a female Chinese-born table tennis player who now represents Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Table tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis', 'summary': "Table tennis , also known as ping-pong , is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small rackets . The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net . Except for the initial serve , the rules are generally as follows : players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table , and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once . A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules . Play is fast and demands quick reactions . Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent 's options , giving the hitter a great advantage . Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) , founded in 1926 . ITTF currently includes 226 member associations . The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook . Table tennis has been an Olympic sport since 1988 , with several event categories . From 1988 until 2004 , these were men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles and women 's doubles . Since 2008 , a team event has been played instead of the doubles ."}]}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario Stecher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Stecher', 'summary': "Mario Stecher ( born 17 July 1977 , in Eisenerz ) is an Austrian former Nordic combined skier . Competing in six Winter Olympics , he won three medals in the 4 x 5 km team event with two golds ( 2006 , 2010 ) and a bronze ( 2002 ) . Stecher 's best individual finish was fifth in the 10 km individual normal hill event at Vancouver in 2010 . He won six medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two gold , three silvers ( 7.5 km sprint : 1999 , 4 x 5 km team : 2001 ) and a bronze ( 4 x 5 km team : 1997 ) . Stecher has a total of nine World Cup victories since 1994 , including the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival that same year . Being 16 years old , he was the youngest winner on the Holmenkollen . - On February 27th , 2015 , he announced his retirement , after he was n't nominated by the Austrian Ski Federation to compete in the FIS Nordic Skiing World Championships 2015 in Falun . He is married to Carina Raich since 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nordic combined', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordic_combined', 'summary': 'Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping . Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics and the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup are ongoing .'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Markus Rogan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Markus_Rogan', 'summary': "Markus Antonius Rogan ( born 4 May 1982 in Vienna ) is a retired Austrian swimmer , who won two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece and a gold medal for 200 m backstroke at the 2008 World Short Course Championships in Manchester . He also was the world record holder in 200 metres backstroke ( short course ) in that year . Rogan 's first big international success was a second-place finish in the 200 m backstroke at the 2001 World Championships in Fukuoka , Japan . In the Olympics in 2004 , Rogan placed second in both men 's 100 m backstroke and the men 's 200 m backstroke , both times behind Aaron Peirsol of the United States . The 200 metre race was controversial as Peirsol was first disqualified but later reinstated as gold medalist . As a teenager , the 6 ft 5 in tall Rogan swam for Mount Vernon High School ( Alexandria , Virginia ) in Fairfax County , Virginia , where he trained with the Curl-Burke Swim Club . In July 2000 , he cut short his final season of the Northern Virginia Swim League , swimming for the Mansion House Piranhas ( of Mount Vernon ) , and flew to Australia where he competed in the 2000 Sydney Olympics , failing to advance beyond the heats in the backstroke . He earned a scholarship to attend Stanford University from 2000-2004 . On 8 December 2005 , in Trieste , Markus set a new world record in the 200 m backstroke for short course swim pools , with 1:50.43 . This world record was then broken by American swimmer Ryan Lochte , who lowered the standard to 1:49.05 at the 2006 World Short Course Championships in Shanghai , China . Back on the short course in Manchester 2008 , Rogan broke the world record again on 13 April 2008 , setting the new record with 1:47.84 , with Lochte finishing second by seven one-hundredths of a second ( also under the old world record ) . Both swimmers were wearing the new Speedo LZR Racer swimsuit ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_(sport)', 'summary': "Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one 's entire body to move through water . The sport takes place in pools or open water ( e.g. , in a sea or lake ) . Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports , with varied distance events in butterfly , backstroke , breaststroke , freestyle , and individual medley . In addition to these individual events , four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay . A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a different stroke , ordered as backstroke , breaststroke , butterfly and freestyle . Swimming each stroke requires a set of specific techniques ; in competition , there are distinct regulations concerning the acceptable form for each individual stroke . There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits , caps , jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions . Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport , such as tendinitis in the shoulders or knees , there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport ."}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andreas Linger and Wolfgang Linger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andreas_Linger', 'summary': "Andreas Linger ( born 31 May 1981 in Hall in Tirol ) is an Austrian retired luger who has competed internationally since 2000 . He and his younger brother Wolfgang began luging at a very young age , and did their first doubles run when they were 14 . Linger has won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds ( Men 's doubles : 2003 , 2011 and 2012 ) and two bronzes ( Mixed team : 2003 and men 's doubles : 2013 ) . He also earned seven medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold ( Men 's doubles : 2010 ) , three silvers ( Men 's doubles : 2008 , Mixed team : 2008 , 2010 ) , and three bronzes ( Men 's doubles : 2004 and 2014 , Mixed team : 2004 ) . The Lingers were overall Luge World Cup men 's doubles champions in 2011-12 and scored 15 World Cup race victories . They were two time Olympic champions in the men 's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy and the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . They won in 2006 despite Wolfgang having broken his leg in a luge crash the previous year . In 2010 , they successfully defended their gold medal against another team of brothers , Andris and Juris Šics of Latvia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wolfgang_Linger', 'summary': "Wolfgang Linger ( born 4 November 1982 in Hall in Tirol ) is an Austrian retired luger who has competed internationally since 2000 . As young children , he and his older brother Andreas learned to luge on a former Olympic luge track , and at age 14 began competing as a doubles team for the first time . Linger has won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds ( Men 's doubles : 2003 , 2011 and 2012 ) and two bronzes ( Mixed team : 2003 and men 's doubles : 2013 ) . He also earned seven medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold ( Men 's doubles : 2010 ) , three silvers ( Men 's doubles : 2008 , Mixed team : 2008 , 2010 ) , and three bronzes ( Men 's doubles : 2004 and 2014 , Mixed team : 2004 ) . The Lingers were overall Luge World Cup men 's doubles champions in 2011-12 and scored 15 World Cup race victories . In 2005 , he broke his leg in a crash , but the next year at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy won the gold medal in doubles luge . He repeated this feat at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , Canada , defeating another team of brothers , Andris and Juris Šics of Latvia ."}]}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge', 'summary': "A luge /luːʒ/ is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet-first . A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat . Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kg ( 46-55 lb ) for singles and 25-30 kg ( 55-66 lb ) for doubles . Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport . Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h ( 87 mph ) . Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler , Canada , prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics . Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world - to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks . The first recorded use of the term luge dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge , meaning small coasting sled ."}]}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hans-Peter Steinacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans-Peter_Steinacher', 'summary': "Hans-Peter Steinacher ( born 9 September 1968 in Zell am See ) is an Austrian sailor and Olympic champion . He won a gold medal in the Tornado Class with Roman Hagara at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . They won the gold medal again at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . This , to date , makes them Austria 's the most successful summer sport athletes as the first professional Austrian sailing team . Along with his teammate Roman Hagara , he has won the Austrian Sports Personality of the Year twice , in 2000 and 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2006 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games ( Italian : XX Giochi olimpici invernali ) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006 , was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin , Piedmont , Italy from February 10 to 26 , 2006 . This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games , the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo . Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome . Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999 . The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was Passion lives here . The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building , drawn in white and blue ice crystals , signifying the snow and the sky . The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community . The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ( snow in Italian ) , a female snowball , and Gliz , a male ice cube . Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Renate Götschl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renate_Götschl', 'summary': 'Renate Götschl ( born 6 August 1975 in Judenburg , Austria ) is a former champion alpine ski racer . She is a two-time individual World Champion in the combined ( 1997 ) and downhill ( 1999 ) , and has won a total of 9 World Championships medals . She also won two Olympic medals in 2002 , the bronze medal in downhill and the silver medal in the combined .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roman Hagara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roman_Hagara', 'summary': "Roman Hagara ( born 30 April 1966 ) is an Austrian sailor who has won the Gold medal in the Tornado class at two consecutive Olympic Games . Hagara , and his colleague Hans-Peter Steinacher won the Gold medal in the Tornado class at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , and successfully defended their title at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , which , to date , makes them Austria 's the most successful summer sport athletes as the first professional Austrian sailing team . Hagara was the Flagbearer for the Austrian team at the 2004 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony . Along with his teammate Steinacher , he has won the Austrian Sports Personality of the Year twice , in 2000 and 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelika Neuner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelika_Neuner', 'summary': "Angelika Neuner ( born December 23 , 1969 ) is an Austrian luger who competed from 1987 to 2002 . Competing in four Winter Olympics , she won two medals in the women 's singles event with a silver in 1992 and a bronze in 1998 . Her younger sister , Doris , won the gold medal in the same event at Albertville in 1992 . Neuner also won six medals at the FIL World Luge Championships , including two gold ( Mixed team : 1996 , 1997 ) , one silver ( Mixed team : 1993 ) , and three bronzes ( Women 's singles : 1997 , Mixed team : 1995 , 2000 ) . She won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships , earning them in 1992 ( silver : Mixed team ) , 1996 ( silver : Mixed team , bronze : Women 's singles ) , 1998 ( bronze : Mixed team ) and 2002 ( bronze : Mixed team ) . Neuner 's best finish in the overall Luge World Cup was second in 1996-7 . She carried the Austrian flag during the opening ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City ."}]}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge', 'summary': "A luge /luːʒ/ is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet-first . A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat . Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kg ( 46-55 lb ) for singles and 25-30 kg ( 55-66 lb ) for doubles . Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport . Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h ( 87 mph ) . Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler , Canada , prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics . Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world - to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks . The first recorded use of the term luge dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge , meaning small coasting sled ."}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wolfram Waibel Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wolfram_Waibel_Jr.', 'summary': 'Wolfram Waibel Jr. ( born 22 February 1970 ) is an Austrian sport shooter . He was born in Hohenems , Austria . He competed for Austria and won both a silver medal and a bronze medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics . He shares the world record in the 50 meter rifle prone competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_sport', 'summary': 'Shooting sports is a collective group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy , precision and speed in shooting - the art of using various types of ranged weapons , mainly referring to human-portable guns ( firearms and airguns , in forms such as handguns , rifles and shotguns ) and bows/crossbows . Different disciplines of shooting sports can be categorized by equipment , shooting distances , targets , time limits and degrees of athleticism involved . Shooting sports may involve both team and individual competition , and team performance is usually assessed by summing the scores of the individual team members . Due to the noise of shooting and the high ( and often lethal ) impact energy of the projectiles , shooting sports are typically conducted at either designated permanent shooting ranges or temporary shooting fields in the area away from settlements .'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1998 Winter Olympics , officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) , and commonly known as Nagano 1998 , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 that were centered in Nagano , Japan . The Games also took place in the nearby mountain communities of Hakuba , Karuizawa , Nozawa Onsen , and Yamanouuchi . The city of Nagano had previously been a candidate to host the 1940 Winter Olympics ( which were later cancelled ) , as well as the 1972 Winter Olympics , but each time Nagano was eliminated at the national level by Sapporo . The games hosted 2,176 athletes from 72 nations competing in 7 sports and 68 events . The number of athletes and participating nations were a record at the time . The Games saw the introduction of women 's ice hockey , curling and snowboarding . National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men 's ice hockey for the first time . Five countries , Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela made their debut at the Winter Olympics . The athlete who won the most medals at these games was the Russian cross-country skier Larisa Lazutina who won five medals , including three gold . The Norwegian cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie won four medals , including three gold , which took his total Olympic medal total to 12 , including eight gold , which is a record for Winter Olympics . In ice hockey , professionals from the North American National Hockey League participated for the first time . Despite their participation , the Czech men 's ice hockey team won the gold medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emese Nemeth-Hunyady', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emese_Nemeth-Hunyady', 'summary': 'Emese Hunyady ( born 4 March 1966 ) is a former speed skater . At age 10 , Hunyady participated at the 1977 Hungarian Sprint Championships for Juniors , finishing sixth . Representing Hungary , she had her first international competition in 1979 and in the following years , although still a junior , she entered several senior tournaments . In 1985 , after marrying her Austrian coach Thomas Nemeth , she obtained Austrian citizenship and started competing for Austria . The marriage was dissolved some years later , but she retained her Austrian citizenship . During her 25-year-long career , she was a steady performer , almost always finishing in the top 10 of the events she participated in . Her best year was 1994 , when she won bronze at the European Allround Championships , became World Allround Champion , won the 1500 m World Cup , and became Olympic Champion on the 1500 m , while winning Olympic silver on the 3000 m. After that , her successes became fewer , but in 1999 , she surprisingly won the World Single Distance Championships on her favourite distance , the 1500 m. Hunyady participated in six Winter Olympics from 1984 to 2002 and won many Hungarian and Austrian National Allround , Sprint , and Single Distance Championships . She started her sporting career in figure skating , something she used to show when celebrating her victories as a speed skater . Hunyady is married to Timo Järvinen , a former speed skater from Finland . They have a son , Jasper .'}]}, {'value': 'Speed skating', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speed_skating', 'summary': 'Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates . Types of speed skating are long track speed skating , short track speed skating , and marathon speed skating . In the Olympic Games , long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just speed skating , while short-track speed skating is known as short track . The ISU , the governing body of both ice sports , refers to long track as speed skating and short track as short track skating . An international federation was founded in 1892 , the first for any winter sport . The sport enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands , Norway and South Korea . There are top international rinks in a number of other countries , including Canada , the United States , Germany , Italy , Japan , Russia , Kazakhstan , China , Belarus and Poland . A World Cup circuit is held with events in those countries plus two events in the Thialf ice hall in Heerenveen , Netherlands .'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hubert Raudaschl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hubert_Raudaschl', 'summary': 'Hubert Raudaschl ( born 26 August 1942 in Sankt Gilgen am Wolfgangsee ) is an Austrian sailboat manufacturer and former Olympic athlete . He has participated in nine Olympic games between 1964 and 1996 . Raudaschl has competed in the second most number of Olympic Games , behind Canadian Ian Millar and tied with Soviet/Latvian Afanasijs Kuzmins . Raudaschl has won two olympic silver medals , one in Mexico City in 1968 in Finn sailing , the other one in Moscow in 1980 in Star sailing . He is a two time World Champion ( in 1964 in Finn sailing , and in 1978 in Microcupper sailing ) and is a five time European Champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1994 Winter Olympics ( Norwegian : Olympiske vinterleker 1994 ) , officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer , Norway . Lillehammer failed to win the bid for the 1992 event , losing to Albertville . Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , after beating Anchorage , United States ; Östersund , Sweden ; and Sofia , Bulgaria . Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and the Olympic Games overall . The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics , the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games . The Games were the second Winter Olympics hosted in Norway , after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , and the fourth Olympics in the Nordic countries , after the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden , and the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland . Although many events took place in Lillehammer , skating took place in Hamar , some ice hockey matches were placed in Gjøvik , while Alpine skiing was held in Øyer and Ringebu . Sixty-seven countries and 1,737 athletes participated in six sports and sixty-one events . Fourteen countries made their debut in the Winter Olympics , of which nine were former Soviet republics . The Games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules , reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries . New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials , while speed skating was moved indoors . Nearly two million people spectated the games , which were the first to have the Olympic truce in effect .'}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anita Wachter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anita_Wachter', 'summary': 'Anita Wachter ( born 12 February 1967 ) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from Austria . She focused on the technical events and specialized in giant slalom . Born in Bartholomäberg , Montafon , Vorarlberg , Wachter won the World Cup overall title in 1993 , and the giant slalom title twice ( 1990 & 1994 ) . She was the gold medalist in the combined at the 1988 Winter Olympics , and won two silver medals in 1992 ( combined and giant slalom ) . Wachter also won five medals at the World Championships ; she represented Austria in three Olympics and eight World Championships . Wachter retired from competition after the 2001 season with 19 World Cup wins ( 14 Giant Slalom , 2 Super G , 1 Slalom , 2 Combined ) , attained 76 podiums , and had 175 top ten finishes . She is living together with her longtime companion Rainer Salzgeber ; they have two daughters .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sissy Max-Theurer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elisabeth_Theurer', 'summary': 'Elisabeth Sissy Theurer ( born 20 September 1956 ) is an equestrian from Austria , now known as Elisabeth Max-Theurer after marriage .'}]}, {'value': 'Equestrianism', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrianism', 'summary': "Equestrianism ( from Latin equester , equestr- , equus , 'horseman ' , 'horse ' ) , more often known as horse riding ( British English ) or horseback riding ( American English ) , includes the disciplines of riding , driving , or vaulting with horses . This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes , transportation , recreational activities , artistic or cultural exercises , and competitive sport ."}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville , France . They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics , and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site . Albertville was selected as host in 1986 , beating Sofia , Falun , Lillehammer , Cortina d'Ampezzo , Anchorage and Berchtesgaden . The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France , after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968 , and the fifth Olympics overall in the country . Only some of the skating and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville , while the rest of the events took place in the villages of Courchevel , La Plagne , Les Arcs , Les Menuires , Les Saisies , Méribel , Pralognan-la-Vanoise , Tignes and Val d'Isère . Sixty-four nations with 1,801 athletes participated in the games , including the Unified Team which represented non-Baltic former Soviet republics . Germany participated as a unified team following reunification in 1990 , while five newly independent European countries debuted , as did six warm-weather countries . Short track speed skating , moguls and women 's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport . The games were the last Winter Games until 2014 to have demonstration sports , consisting of curling , aerials , ski ballet and speed skiing . It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink . The games were succeeded by the 1992 Winter Paralympics from 25 March to 1 April . Norwegians won every male cross-country skiing race , with Bjørn Dæhlie and Vegard Ulvang both collecting three gold ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Angelika Neuner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Angelika_Neuner', 'summary': "Angelika Neuner ( born December 23 , 1969 ) is an Austrian luger who competed from 1987 to 2002 . Competing in four Winter Olympics , she won two medals in the women 's singles event with a silver in 1992 and a bronze in 1998 . Her younger sister , Doris , won the gold medal in the same event at Albertville in 1992 . Neuner also won six medals at the FIL World Luge Championships , including two gold ( Mixed team : 1996 , 1997 ) , one silver ( Mixed team : 1993 ) , and three bronzes ( Women 's singles : 1997 , Mixed team : 1995 , 2000 ) . She won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships , earning them in 1992 ( silver : Mixed team ) , 1996 ( silver : Mixed team , bronze : Women 's singles ) , 1998 ( bronze : Mixed team ) and 2002 ( bronze : Mixed team ) . Neuner 's best finish in the overall Luge World Cup was second in 1996-7 . She carried the Austrian flag during the opening ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City ."}]}, {'value': 'Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luge', 'summary': "A luge /luːʒ/ is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet-first . A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat . Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kg ( 46-55 lb ) for singles and 25-30 kg ( 55-66 lb ) for doubles . Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport . Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h ( 87 mph ) . Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler , Canada , prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics . Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world - to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks . The first recorded use of the term luge dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge , meaning small coasting sled ."}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hubert Raudaschl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hubert_Raudaschl', 'summary': 'Hubert Raudaschl ( born 26 August 1942 in Sankt Gilgen am Wolfgangsee ) is an Austrian sailboat manufacturer and former Olympic athlete . He has participated in nine Olympic games between 1964 and 1996 . Raudaschl has competed in the second most number of Olympic Games , behind Canadian Ian Millar and tied with Soviet/Latvian Afanasijs Kuzmins . Raudaschl has won two olympic silver medals , one in Mexico City in 1968 in Finn sailing , the other one in Moscow in 1980 in Star sailing . He is a two time World Champion ( in 1964 in Finn sailing , and in 1978 in Microcupper sailing ) and is a five time European Champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1988 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , was a multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary , Alberta , Canada , between February 13 and 28 , 1988 and were the first Winter Olympics to be held over a whole two week period . The host city was selected in 1981 over Falun , Sweden , and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . Most events took place in Calgary while several skiing events were held in the mountain resorts of Nakiska and Canmore , west of the city . A then-record 57 nations competed and 1,423 athletes participated . As it had in Montreal in 1976 , Canada again failed to win a gold medal in an official medal event as the host nation . Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykänen and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip were individual medal leaders with each winning three gold medals . The games are also remembered for the heroic failure of British ski jumper Eddie The Eagle Edwards , and the Winter Olympic début of the Jamaica national bobsled team , both of which would be subjects of major feature films about their participation in the games . The Calgary games were at the time one of the most expensive Olympics ever held , but the organizing committee turned record television and sponsorship revenue into a net surplus that was used to maintain the facilities built for the Olympics and develop the Calgary region into the heart of Canada 's elite winter sports program . The five purpose-built venues continue to be used in their original functions , and have helped the country develop into one of the top nations in Winter Olympic competition ; Canada more than quintupled the five medals it won in Calgary at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leonhard Stock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leonhard_Stock', 'summary': 'Leonhard Stock ( born 14 March 1958 ) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria . Stock earned his first World Cup points at age 18 in January 1977 . At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , Stock was originally an alternate for the downhill , but his fast training times on the course at Whiteface Mountain earned him a spot on the four-man Austrian team . On race day , he was the ninth racer on the course and posted the fastest time to win the gold medal . Stock could not repeat his surprise win at the Lake Placid Olympics on the World Cup tour until almost a decade later , winning downhill races in 1989 , 1990 , and 1992 . At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , he just missed a second Olympic medal , finishing fourth in the downhill and eighth in the Super-G at Nakiska . In 1997 he took over his parental ( farm ) house in Finkenberg and converted it into a hotel . With his brother Hans he also runs a sports and fashion store in that town .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hubert Raudaschl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hubert_Raudaschl', 'summary': 'Hubert Raudaschl ( born 26 August 1942 in Sankt Gilgen am Wolfgangsee ) is an Austrian sailboat manufacturer and former Olympic athlete . He has participated in nine Olympic games between 1964 and 1996 . Raudaschl has competed in the second most number of Olympic Games , behind Canadian Ian Millar and tied with Soviet/Latvian Afanasijs Kuzmins . Raudaschl has won two olympic silver medals , one in Mexico City in 1968 in Finn sailing , the other one in Moscow in 1980 in Star sailing . He is a two time World Champion ( in 1964 in Finn sailing , and in 1978 in Microcupper sailing ) and is a five time European Champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1984 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games ( French : XIVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Serbo-Croatian : XIV . zimske olimpijske igre / XIV Зимске олимпијске игре ; Macedonian : XIV Зимски олимписки игри ; Slovene : XIV olimpijske zimske igre ) , was a winter multi-sport event which took place from 8-19 February 1984 in Sarajevo , Yugoslavia , in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina . Other candidate cities were Sapporo , Japan ; and Gothenburg , Sweden . It was the first Winter Olympic Games held in a socialist state and in a Slavic language-speaking country . It was also the second Olympics overall , as well as the second consecutive Olympics , to be held in a socialist and in a Slavic language-speaking country after the 1980 Summer Olympics were held in Moscow , Soviet Union . Furthermore , it was the first Olympics held in the Balkans after the first modern Games in Athens . The Sarajevo games have also been the only Olympics so far to be hosted by a Non-Aligned Movement member ."}]}, {'value': 'Winter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franz Klammer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_Klammer', 'summary': 'Franz Klammer ( born 3 December 1953 ) is a former champion alpine ski racer from Austria . Klammer overwhelmingly dominated the downhill event for four consecutive World Cup seasons ( 1975-78 ) . He was the gold medalist at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , winning the downhill at Patscherkofel by a margin of 0.33 seconds with a time of 1:45.73 . He won 25 World Cup downhills , including four on the Hahnenkamm at Kitzbühel . He holds the record for the most victories ( four ) on the full course at Kitzbühel .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpine skiing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpine_skiing', 'summary': "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karl Ferstl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl_Ferstl', 'summary': 'Karl Ferstl ( born December 31 , 1945 ) is an Austrian sailor . He won the Olympic Silver Medal in the 1980 in Star class along with Hubert Raudaschl . He was also the flag bearer for Austria in the 1980 Moscow Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing', 'summary': 'Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Austria at theOlympicsIOC codeAUTNOCAustrian Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.oeoc.at ( in German ) Medals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances18961900190419081912192019241928193219361948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances19241928193219361948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921994199820022006201020142018Other related appearances1906 Intercalated Games Austria at the 1912 Summer Olympics This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Austria at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Austria_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Austria at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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How many times was the person who was flag bearer for Austria in the Olympics the games before Liu Jia an Olympian ?
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six
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ff9b36b06cfb161a
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Green_Bay_Packers_season', 'title': '1958 Green Bay Packers season', 'header': ['Round', 'Pick', 'Player', 'Position', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dan Currie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dan_Currie', 'summary': 'Daniel George Currie ( June 27 , 1935 - September 11 , 2017 ) was an American football player , a linebacker in the National Football League ( NFL ) for nine seasons , with the Green Bay Packers and Los Angeles Rams .'}]}, {'value': 'Linebacker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Michigan State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_Michigan_State_Spartans_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1957 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season . In their fourth season under head coach Duffy Daugherty , the Spartans compiled an 8-1 overall record ( 5-1 against Big Ten opponents ) , finished in second place in the Big Ten Conference , and were ranked # 3 in both the final AP Poll and the final Coaches Poll . Michigan State was named national champion by Dunkel System , an NCAA-designated major selector . Six Spartans were selected as first-team players on the 1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team : quarterback Jim Ninowski ( AP-1 , UP-1 ) ; fullback Walt Kowalczyk ( AP-1 , UP-1 ) ; center Dan Currie ( AP-1 , UP-1 ) ; tackle Pat Burke ( AP-1 , UP-1 ) ; end Sam Williams ( UP-1 ) ; and guard Ellison Kelly ( UP-1 ) . The 1957 Spartans won all three of their annual rivalry games . In the annual Indiana-Michigan State football rivalry game , the Spartans defeated the Hoosiers by a 54 to 0 score . In the Notre Dame rivalry game , the Spartans defeated the Fighting Irish by a 34 to 6 score . And , in the annual Michigan-Michigan State football rivalry game , the Spartans defeated the Wolverines by a 35 to 6 score . In non-conference play , the Spartans also defeated California , 19-0 , and Kansas State , 27-9 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jim Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(fullback)', 'summary': "James Charles Taylor ( September 20 , 1935 - October 13 , 2018 ) was an American football fullback who played professionally in the National Football League ( NFL ) for ten seasons , with the Green Bay Packers from 1958 to 1966 and with the expansion New Orleans Saints in 1967 . With the Packers , Taylor was invited to five straight Pro Bowls and won four NFL championships , as well as a victory in the first Super Bowl . He was recognized as the NFL Most Valuable Player after winning the rushing title in 1962 , beating out Jim Brown . An aggressive player and fluent trash talker , Taylor developed several personal rivalries throughout his career , most notably with New York Giants linebacker Sam Huff . This confrontational attitude , combined with his tenacious running style , a penchant for contact , and ability to both withstand and deliver blows , earned him a reputation as one of the league 's toughest players . Playing college football for Louisiana State University ( LSU ) , Taylor led the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) in scoring in 1956 and 1957 and earned first-team All-America honors as a senior . He was selected by the Packers in the second round of the 1958 NFL Draft and was used sparingly as a rookie , but with the arrival of coach Vince Lombardi in 1959 Taylor soon became the team 's all-purpose back , especially when only a few yards were needed . In this role , his spirited performance against the Giants in the 1962 NFL Championship Game came to define his mental and physical toughness . Taylor finished his career after carrying 1,941 times for 8,597 yards and 83 touchdowns . He was the first player to record five straight seasons of at least 1,000 rushing yards . His 81 rushing touchdowns for the Packers remains a franchise record by a wide margin , and his 8,207 rushing yards with the team has been surpassed only once . Taylor was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1976 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fullback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullback_(American_football)', 'summary': 'A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal .'}]}, {'value': 'LSU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_LSU_Tigers_football_team', 'summary': "The 1957 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season . Under head coach Paul Dietzel , the Tigers had a record of 5-5 with an SEC record of 4-4 . It was Dietzel 's third season as head coach at LSU ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Christy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Christy', 'summary': "Richard Joseph Dick Christy ( November 24 , 1935 - July 8 , 1966 ) was a collegiate and professional football player . At St. James High School , Christy was twice named 1st Team All-Scholastic by the Philadelphia Bulletin ( 1952 & 1953 ) . He also led St. James to the Philadelphia City Football Championship in 1953 . The 5 ft 11 in ( 1.80 m ) 191 lb ( 87 kg ) Christy was a star halfback at North Carolina State University ( NC State ) from 1955 to 1957 , leading them to the 1957 Atlantic Coast Conference championship in his senior year . With the league title on the line in the season 's final game , Dick Christy scored all 29 points in a 29-26 win over the University of South Carolina to clinch the championship for his Wolfpack . Christy scored the dramatic winning points on a field goal on the last play of the game . At the conclusion of the 1957 season , Christy was 1st team All-ACC and was an AP and UP 1st team All-American . He was also honored as the 1957 ACC Player of the Year in football and as the 1957-58 ACC Athlete of the Year for all sports . His number 40 jersey was retired in 1997 by NC State . Christy was selected in the third round of the 1958 NFL Draft ( 27th overall ) by the Green Bay Packers . Hobbled in the College All-Star game in mid-August , he was traded to the Pittsburgh Steelers before the start of the season . He later played in the new American Football League ."}]}, {'value': 'Back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Carolina State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_NC_State_Wolfpack_football_team', 'summary': "The 1957 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season . The Wolfpack were led by fourth-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh , North Carolina . The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference , winning the conference title with an undefeated 5-0-1 record . This was NC State 's first conference title in the ACC , and the school 's first title since 1927 , when they were members of the Southern Conference ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ray Nitschke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ray_Nitschke', 'summary': 'Raymond Ernest Nitschke ( December 29 , 1936 - March 8 , 1998 ) was a professional American football middle linebacker who spent his entire 15-year National Football League ( NFL ) career with the Green Bay Packers . Enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1978 , he was the anchor of the defense for head coach Vince Lombardi in the 1960s , leading the Packers to five NFL championships and victories in the first two Super Bowls .'}]}, {'value': 'Linebacker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_Illinois_Fighting_Illini_football_team', 'summary': "The 1957 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season . In their 16th year under head coach Ray Eliot , the Illini compiled a 4-5 record and finished in seventh place in the Big Ten Conference . End Ron Hanson was selected as the team 's most valuable player ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerry Kramer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Kramer', 'summary': "Gerald Louis Kramer ( born January 23 , 1936 ) is a former professional American football player , author and sports commentator , best remembered for his 11-year National Football League ( NFL ) career with the Green Bay Packers as an offensive lineman . As a 6 ft 3 in ( 1.91 m ) , 245-pound ( 111 kg ) right guard , Kramer was an integral part of the famous Packers sweep , a signature play in which both guards rapidly pull out from their normal positions and lead block for the running back going around the end . Kramer was an All-Pro five times , and a member of the NFL 's 50th anniversary team in 1969 . Before his election into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2018 at age 82 , Kramer was noted for being a finalist for the Hall ten times without being voted in . In 2008 , he was rated No . 1 in NFL Network 's Top 10 list of players not in the Hall . Kramer was inducted into the Hall of Fame on August 4 , 2018 . At his induction speech , he quoted something his high school coach had often told him : You can if you will ."}]}, {'value': 'Guard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_Idaho_Vandals_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1957 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season . The Vandals were led by fourth-year head coach Skip Stahley and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference . Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow , with one home game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College . Led on the field by quarterbacks Howard Willis and Gary Kenworthy , Idaho compiled a 4-4-1 overall record and were 0-3 in the PCC . The Vandals suffered a third straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State , falling 21-13 at Rogers Field in Pullman on November 16 . The loss prevented the first winning season for Idaho football since 1938 . In the rivalry game with Montana , the Vandals ran their winning streak over the Grizzlies to six and retained the Little Brown Stein .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Francis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Francis_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Joseph Charles Naekauna Francis Jr. ( April 21 , 1936 - April 15 , 2013 ) was an American football halfback and quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) and the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . Following his playing career , he was a high school football head coach in his native Hawaii .'}]}, {'value': 'Quarterback', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Oregon State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1957_Oregon_State_Beavers_football_team', 'summary': "The 1957 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season . The Beavers ended this season with a record of 8-2 . The team captains were Ted Searle . The Beavers scored 203 points and allowed 129 points . Led by head coach Tommy Prothro , Oregon State won their second consecutive Pacific Coast Conference championship , the only time the Beavers have won consecutive conference championships . However , Oregon State became the last Pacific Coast Conference team to fall victim to the conference 's no-repeat rule and was unable to represent the conference in the Rose Bowl . Rival Oregon , which had lost to the Beavers , went to the Rose Bowl instead ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '62', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ken Gray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ken_Gray_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Kenneth Don Gray ( March 10 , 1936 - November 25 , 2017 ) was an offensive guard who played 13 seasons in the National Football League for the Chicago Cardinals/St . Louis Cardinals and the Houston Oilers . Born in San Saba , Texas , Gray attended and played football for four seasons at Howard Payne University . His first NFL contract , in 1958 , paid him $ 6,000 . In those days the league was composed of 12 teams , split into two divisions . After retiring as a player , earning six All-Pro awards , he served for three years as head coach at his high school alma mater , Llano High and offensive line coach for the 1977 AFC Champion Denver Bronco team that earned its way to Super Bowl XII , to play against the Dallas Cowboys . In 2016 , he was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame along with former University of Texas head football coach Fred Akers , former Dallas Cowboys offensive lineman Larry Allen and former Major League Baseball pitcher Andy Pettitte . He earned a spot on the St. Louis Cardinals All-Time Team and the NFL All-1960s Team . A Christian , Gray first and foremost considered himself blessed with his lovely and gracious wife , Shirley , who has stood by him through all the years of risking injury in high school , college and league play , and the unique challenges of his coaching years to the present . They met and were wed back in their high school days at Llano High School . Their union produced two sons , Shane and Boyd and a grandson , Garret . Gray died in Llano , Texas where he lived on November 25 , 2017 , at the age of 81 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tackle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Howard Payne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_Payne_University', 'summary': "Howard Payne University is a private Baptist university in Brownwood , Texas . The university is affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas . It is named after Edward Howard Payne , a Missouri resident whose brother-in-law gave the lead monetary gift to start the university . Athletic programs include NCAA Division III football , baseball , softball , women 's volleyball , men and women 's soccer , basketball and tennis . The HPU mascot is a yellow jacket named Buzzsaw . The university also has extension centers located in New Braunfels , Texas and in El Paso , Texas ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '75', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doug Maison', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hillsdale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsdale_College', 'summary': "Hillsdale College is a private conservative college in Hillsdale , Michigan . Founded in 1844 by abolitionists known as Free Will Baptists , it has a liberal arts curriculum that is based on the Western heritage as a product of both the Greco-Roman culture and the Judeo-Christian tradition . Hillsdale requires every student , regardless of concentration of studies , to complete a core curriculum that includes courses on the Great Books , the U.S. Constitution , biology , chemistry , and physics . Since the late 20th century , the college has been one of several in the United States which decline governmental financial support , instead depending entirely on private donations to supplement students ' payments for tuition ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '86', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Bill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(American_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Syracuse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syracuse_Orange_football', 'summary': "The Syracuse Orange represent Syracuse University in the sport of American football . The Orange compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Formed in 1889 , the program has over 700 wins and has achieved 1 consensus Division I Football National Championship , winning the championship game over the Texas Longhorns in the 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic , for the 1959 season . Syracuse has had 2 undefeated seasons , 5 conference championships since 1991 , and has produced a Heisman Trophy winner , over 60 first team All-Americans , 18 Academic All-Americans including Academic All-America Hall of Fame inductee Tim Green , and over 240 NFL players . Syracuse has had 18 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame , 2nd-most in the ACC , including former players Ernie Davis , Tim Green , Don McPherson , Art Monk and former coaches Vic Hanson , Ben Schwartzwalder , and Dick MacPherson . The Orange boast 8 inductees in the Pro Football Hall Of Fame , tied for the 4th-most of any school , including Jim Brown , Marvin Harrison , Larry Csonka , and Floyd Little . The Orange have 26 bowl appearances , 10 of which are among the New Year 's Six Bowls . Syracuse has finished in the Final Top 25 rankings 21 times in the national polls , and finished in either the AP or Coaches Polls a combined 35 times since 1952 . Syracuse has appeared in over 200 AP Polls including 7 weeks at AP number one . The Orange play their home games in the Carrier Dome on the university 's campus . The stadium is also known as The Loud House , as when it opened in September 1980 , it was made clear just how loud it was inside ; and so the soon famous nickname was coined ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norm Jarock', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Norbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Norbert_Green_Knights_football', 'summary': "The St. Norbert Green Knights football program is the intercollegiate American football team for St. Norbert College , located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The team competes in the NCAA Division III and are members of the Midwest Conference . St. Norbert 's first football team was fielded in 1931 . The team plays its home games at the 2,454-seat Schneider Stadium in De Pere , Wisconsin . The Green Knights are coached by Dan McCarty since 2015 . He was the Defensive Coordinator when the previous Green Knights coach elected to resign from his position . McCarty previously coached the defense at UW-Stout . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '110', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carl Johnson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tackle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Illinois', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '123', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Horton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'End', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wichita State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wichita_State_Shockers_football', 'summary': 'The Wichita State Shockers football team was the NCAA Division I football program of Wichita State University in Wichita , Kansas . The Shockers fielded a team from 1897 to 1986 . They played their home games at Cessna Stadium and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference until the program was discontinued . The team was known as Fairmount from its first season in 1897 to 1925 and Wichita from 1926 through 1963 .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '134', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wayne Miller', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'End', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baylor_Bears_football', 'summary': 'The Baylor Bears football team represents Baylor University in Division I FBS college football . They are a member of the Big 12 Conference . After 64 seasons at the off-campus Baylor Stadium , renamed Floyd Casey Stadium in 1989 , the Bears opened the new on-campus McLane Stadium known as The House That RG3 Built , for the 2014 season .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '147', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gene Cook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gene_Cook_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Gene Cook ( January 11 , 1932 [ note 1 ] - February 14 , 2002 ) was a player in the National Football League , an honored executive in minor league baseball , and a long-time elected official in Toledo , Ohio . Cook is a member of the International League Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'End', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toledo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toledo_Rockets_football', 'summary': "The Toledo Rockets football team is a college football program in Division I FBS , representing the University of Toledo . The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference . Toledo began playing football in 1917 , although it did not field teams in 1931 , and 1943-1945 . Since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936 Toledo has finished in the Top 25 four times . Its highest finish came in 1970 when it ranked # 12 after finishing 12-0-0 . The University of Toledo has a 10-7 record in bowl games . The Rockets were the 2017 MAC champions . The team 's current head coach is Jason Candle ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '153', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Herndon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Herndon', 'summary': 'Donald Eugene Herndon ( June 4 , 1936 - January 10 , 2009 ) was a professional American football halfback . He played with the New York Titans of the American Football League during the 1960 AFL season .'}]}, {'value': 'Back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampa_Spartans_football', 'summary': "The Tampa Spartans football program was an intercollegiate American football team for the University of Tampa ( UT ) located in Tampa , Florida that began play in 1933 . The program competed against other small college programs in the forerunner of today 's NCAA Division II for almost forty years before moving to the top level of NCAA Division I as an independent in 1971 . Successfully competing against top college programs as a much smaller school put an enormous strain on the university 's finances , and the school decided to discontinue football after the 1974 season ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '158', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry Hauffe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tackle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Dakota_Coyotes_football', 'summary': "The South Dakota Coyotes football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of South Dakota located in the U.S. state of South Dakota . The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) and are members of the Missouri Valley Football Conference . South Dakota 's first football team was fielded in 1889 . The team plays its home games at the 10,000 seat DakotaDome in Vermillion , South Dakota ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '171', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Newell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Back', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drake', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drake_Bulldogs_football', 'summary': 'The Drake Bulldogs are an NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision non-scholarship college football program representing Drake University . They currently compete in the non-scholarship Pioneer Football League and have been charter members of the conference since 1991 . Drake began playing intercollegiate football in 1893 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '182', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arley Finley', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tackle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgia Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets_football', 'summary': "The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represents the Georgia Institute of Technology in the sport of American football . The Yellow Jackets team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Georgia Tech has fielded a football team since 1892 and , as of 2017 , has an all-time record of 735-502-43 ( a .591 winning percentage ) . The Yellow Jackets play in Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field in Atlanta , which has a capacity of 55,000 . One of the most successful college football programs over a long history , the Yellow Jackets have won four national championships across four different decades ( 1917 , 1928 , 1952 , 1990 ) as well as sixteen conference titles . Among the team 's former coaches are John Heisman , for whom the Heisman Trophy is named , and Bobby Dodd , for whom the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award and the school 's stadium are named . Heisman led the team to the most lopsided game in football history , 222-0 , and both Heisman and Dodd led Tech 's football team to national championships . Dodd also led the Jackets on their longest winning streak - 8 straight games - against the University of Georgia in Tech 's most time-endured rivalry , called Clean , Old-Fashioned Hate . For his part , Heisman led Georgia Tech to an undefeated 12-0-1 record in the Georgia Tech-Clemson football rivalry and what made it sting even more was that Heisman had previously coached Clemson . A number of successful collegiate and professional football players have also played for Tech . The program has 48 first-team All-Americans and over 150 alumni who have played in the NFL . Among the most lauded and most notable players the school has produced are Maxie Baughan , Calvin Johnson , Demaryius Thomas , Keith Brooking , Joe Hamilton , Joe Guyon , Pat Swilling and Billy Shaw ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '195', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Reese', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'End', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arkansas Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkansas_Tech_Wonder_Boys', 'summary': 'The Arkansas Tech Wonder Boys and Golden Suns are the athletic teams that represent Arkansas Tech University in Russellville , Arkansas . They are a charter member of the Great American Conference of the NCAA Division II .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '206', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chuck Strid', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Syracuse', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Offseason -- NFL Draft', 'section_text': 'Main article : 1958 NFL draft The first four rounds of the 1958 Draft were conducted in early December 1957 , when Blackbourn was head coach . The remaining 26 rounds were selected in late January . This draft by the Packers is regarded as among the best in NFL history . [ 9 ]', 'uid': '1958_Green_Bay_Packers_season_0', 'intro': 'The 1958 Green Bay Packers season was their 40th season overall and their 38th season in the National Football League. The club posted a 1-10-1 record under first-year head coach Ray McLean for a last-place finish in the league in 1958 and the worst record ever posted by a Packers team. In the immortal words of New York sportswriter and Green Bay native Red Smith: they overwhelmed one opponent, under-whelmed ten, and whelmed one. The tie came in week two and the three-point win in week five; during the seven-game losing streak to end the season the Packers lost by an average margin of over 22 points and got no closer than ten. The Packers finished 1958 allowing a league-worst 382 points in the 12-game season (31.8 points per game). McLean was the top assistant on the coaching staff in 1957 and was given a one-year contract as head coach after Lisle Blackbourn was fired in early January 1958 with a year remaining ($25,000) on a five-year contract. Following the final game of the 1958 season, McLean resigned on December 17, which paved the way for the historic hiring of Vince Lombardi in January 1959. The underachieving 1958 team was loaded with talent, with future hall of famers Bart Starr, Paul Hornung, Jim Taylor, Ray Nitschke, Jim Ringo, Forrest Gregg, and Jerry Kramer, as well as future All-Pros Ron Kramer, Max McGee, Bill Forester, and Dan Currie.'}
| null | null |
Who was 1957 leading football coach of the university attended by Dick Christy ?
|
Earle Edwards
|
ff9b5ff93ff159d1
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chief Joseph Battleground of the Bear 's Paw", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battle_of_Bear_Paw', 'summary': 'The Battle of Bear Paw ( also sometimes called Battle of the Bears Paw or Battle of the Bears Paw Mountains ) was the final engagement of the Nez Perce War of 1877 . Following a 1,200-mile ( 1,900 km ) running fight from western Idaho over the previous four months , the U.S. Army finally managed to corner most of the Nez Perce led by Chief Joseph in early October 1877 in northern Montana Territory , just 42 miles ( 68 km ) south of the border with Canada , where the Nez Perce intended to seek refuge from persecution by the U.S. government . Although some of the Nez Perce were able to escape to Canada , Chief Joseph was forced to surrender the majority of his followers to General Oliver O. Howard and Colonel Nelson A . Miles on October 5 . Today , the battlefield is part of the Nez Perce National Historical Park and the Nez Perce National Historic Trail .'}]}, {'value': 'October 6 , 1970 ( # 70000355 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "About 15 miles south of Chinook , T30NR19E , Sections 1 and 12 48°22′39″N 109°12′26″W / 48.3775°N 109.207222°W / 48.3775 ; -109.207222 ( Chief Joseph Battleground of the Bear 's Paw )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chinook,_Montana', 'summary': "Chinook is a city in and the county seat of Blaine County , Montana , United States . The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census . Points of interest are the Bear Paw Battlefield Museum located in the small town 's center and the Bear Paw Battlefield , located twenty miles south of Chinook ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cow Creek Skirmish Historic District', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 28 , 2019 ( # 100004104 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winifred vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winifred,_Montana', 'summary': "Winifred is a small town in rural north-central Fergus County , Montana , United States , founded in 1913 and providing services for its region 's populace . The town population was 208 at the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cow Island Landing Skirmish Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 27 , 2019 ( # 100004103 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Approx . 28 mi . NE of Winifred 47°46′25″N 108°56′57″W / 47.7736°N 108.9492°W / 47.7736 ; -108.9492 ( Cow Island Landing Skirmish Site )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winifred vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winifred,_Montana', 'summary': "Winifred is a small town in rural north-central Fergus County , Montana , United States , founded in 1913 and providing services for its region 's populace . The town population was 208 at the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Dave 's Texaco", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Dave's_Texaco", 'summary': "Dave 's Texaco is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Chinook , Montana . It was added to the Register on August 16 , 1994 . The building was a gas station and has also been known as Dave 's Exxon and as Dave 's Conoco . The building is made of stucco on a concrete foundation and with an asphalt roof . It was built in 1927 on U.S. Route 2 which has since been rerouted two blocks away . It sold Texaco products exclusively until 1978 when Texaco ceased doing business in Montana . Its third owner , David Sprinkle , operated the business from 1938 until at least 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 16 , 1994 ( # 94000862 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "237 Pennsylvania St. 48°35′35″N 109°13′54″W / 48.593056°N 109.231667°W / 48.593056 ; -109.231667 ( Dave 's Texaco )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chinook,_Montana', 'summary': "Chinook is a city in and the county seat of Blaine County , Montana , United States . The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census . Points of interest are the Bear Paw Battlefield Museum located in the small town 's center and the Bear Paw Battlefield , located twenty miles south of Chinook ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ervin Homestead-Gist Bottom Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ervin_Homestead-Gist_Bottom_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Ervin Homestead-Gist Bottom Historic District is a historic district in the Missouri Breaks area of Blaine County , Montana which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016 . It was homesteaded by John Ervin around 1910 then developed by the Gist family . The Gist family sold the land to the Bureau of Land Management in 1980 . It is included in the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument .'}]}, {'value': 'June 23 , 2016 ( # 16000410 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'River Mile 122.3 Left 47°48′18″N 109°00′40″W / 47.804865°N 109.011018°W / 47.804865 ; -109.011018 ( Ervin Homestead-Gist Bottom Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hays vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hays,_Montana', 'summary': "Hays is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Blaine County , Montana , United States . The population was 843 at the 2010 census . The community lies within the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation , near the reservation 's southern end . The nearby community of Lodge Pole lies to the east ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lodgepole Community Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lodgepole_Community_Hall', 'summary': 'Lodgepole Community Hall is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Lodgepole , Montana on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation . It was added to the Register on February 24 , 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'February 24 , 2000 ( # 00000148 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fort Belknap Indian Community 48°02′04″N 108°31′57″W / 48.034444°N 108.5325°W / 48.034444 ; -108.5325 ( Lodgepole Community Hall )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lodgepole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lodgepole,_Montana', 'summary': "Lodge Pole is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Blaine County , Montana , United States . The population was 265 at the 2010 census . It lies within the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation , near the reservation 's southern end . The nearby community of Hays lies to its west-southwest ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lohman Block', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lohman_Block', 'summary': 'The Lohman Block is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Chinook , Montana . It was added to the register on March 19 , 1980 . The building previously housed a department store . The building is named for businessman and rancher Andrew S. Lohman who built the block . Originally a general merchandise store , with living quarters , the 1910 two-storey addition added several other businesses . The large brick building spurred commercial growth in early Chinook .'}]}, {'value': 'March 19 , 1980 ( # 80002399 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '239-225 Indiana St. 48°35′35″N 109°13′49″W / 48.593056°N 109.230278°W / 48.593056 ; -109.230278 ( Lohman Block )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chinook,_Montana', 'summary': "Chinook is a city in and the county seat of Blaine County , Montana , United States . The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census . Points of interest are the Bear Paw Battlefield Museum located in the small town 's center and the Bear Paw Battlefield , located twenty miles south of Chinook ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Scherlie Homestead Shack', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Scherlie_Homestead_Shack', 'summary': 'The Anna Scherlie Homestead Shack is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Turner , Montana , United States . It was added to the Register on November 5 , 1998 . A historic placard at the site reads :'}]}, {'value': 'November 5 , 1998 ( # 98001338 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montana Highway 241 , south of the Canada-US border 48°51′01″N 108°23′26″W / 48.850278°N 108.390556°W / 48.850278 ; -108.390556 ( Anna Scherlie Homestead Shack )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turner,_Montana', 'summary': 'Turner is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Blaine County , Montana , United States . Turner is located on Montana State Highway 241 41.5 miles ( 66.8 km ) east-northeast of Chinook . Its population was 61 as of the 2010 census . Turner has a post office with ZIP code 59542 ; it also has an airport , Turner Airport . Turner is the farthest community in the continental U.S. from a Major League Baseball park ; it lies 646.93 miles ( 1,041.13 km ) from Safeco Field in Seattle , the nearest park .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Young Brothers Chevrolet Garage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Brothers_Chevrolet_Garage', 'summary': 'The Young Brothers Chevrolet Garage is a site on the National Register of Historic Places located in Chinook , Montana . It has also been known as AAA Garage , as Taylor Motor Company , as Tilleman Chevrolet , and as Precision Auto Body . It was added to the Register on August 16 , 1994 . It is a stucco building with an asphalt roof . A placard reads :'}]}, {'value': 'August 16 , 1994 ( # 94000867 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '201 Pennsylvania St. 48°35′38″N 109°13′54″W / 48.593889°N 109.231667°W / 48.593889 ; -109.231667 ( Young Brothers Chevrolet Garage )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chinook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chinook,_Montana', 'summary': "Chinook is a city in and the county seat of Blaine County , Montana , United States . The population was 1,203 at the 2010 census . Points of interest are the Bear Paw Battlefield Museum located in the small town 's center and the Bear Paw Battlefield , located twenty miles south of Chinook ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Blaine County', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana_1', 'intro': "This is a list of properties and historic districts in Montana that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The state's more than 1,100 listings are distributed across all of its 56 counties. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below), may be seen in an online map by clicking on Map of all coordinates."}
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What was the town population at the 2010 census for the town with the historical site called Cow Creek Skirmish Historic District ?
|
208
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ff9bfb910405ef63
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Monuments_in_County_Kildare', 'title': 'List of National Monuments in County Kildare', 'header': ['NM #', 'Monument name', 'Description', 'Townland', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': '681', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Conolly 's Folly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Conolly's_Folly", 'summary': 'The Conolly Folly ( Irish : Baois Uí Chongaile ) , a.k.a . The Obelisk , is an obelisk structure and National Monument located near Maynooth , County Kildare , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Folly/Obelisk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barrogstown West', 'urls': []}, {'value': "53°22′09″N 6°33′38″W / 53.369076°N 6.560519°W / 53.369076 ; -6.560519 ( Conolly 's Folly )", 'urls': []}, {'value': '471', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castledermot Round Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castledermot_Round_Tower', 'summary': 'Castledermot Round Tower is a 10th-century round tower in Castledermot , County Kildare , Ireland . The tower , and the high crosses nearby , are a National Monument .'}]}, {'value': 'Round Tower & Crosses', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castledermot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castledermot', 'summary': "Castledermot ( Irish : Diseart Diarmada , meaning Dermot 's Hermitage ) is an inland village in the south-east of Ireland in County Kildare , about 75 km ( 47 mi ) from Dublin , and 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) from the town of Carlow . The N9 road from Dublin to Waterford previously passed through the village but upon completion of a motorway bypass in 2010 , it was redesignated the R448 ."}]}, {'value': '52°54′38″N 6°50′06″W / 52.910458°N 6.834934°W / 52.910458 ; -6.834934', 'urls': []}, {'value': '200', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castledermot Abbey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castledermot_Abbey', 'summary': 'Castledermot Abbey is a ruined Franciscan friary in Castledermot , County Kildare , in the Republic of Ireland . It was founded in about the year 1300 . A previous monastery was founded on the same site by Diarmait , a son of Áed Róin , King of Ulster , in the ninth century AD .'}]}, {'value': 'Friary ( Franciscan )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castledermot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castledermot', 'summary': "Castledermot ( Irish : Diseart Diarmada , meaning Dermot 's Hermitage ) is an inland village in the south-east of Ireland in County Kildare , about 75 km ( 47 mi ) from Dublin , and 10 km ( 6.2 mi ) from the town of Carlow . The N9 road from Dublin to Waterford previously passed through the village but upon completion of a motorway bypass in 2010 , it was redesignated the R448 ."}]}, {'value': '52°54′31″N 6°50′14″W / 52.908556°N 6.837141°W / 52.908556 ; -6.837141', 'urls': []}, {'value': '394', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Furness Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Furness_Church', 'summary': 'Furness Church is a 13th-century Norman church located in County Kildare , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Forenaghts Great', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53°13′24″N 6°36′05″W / 53.22336275°N 6.60147609°W / 53.22336275 ; -6.60147609', 'urls': []}, {'value': '629', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grange Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grange_Castle', 'summary': 'Grange Castle , Irish : Caisleán na Gráinsí , is in Grange West , County Kildare , Ireland . It is an Irish National Monument .'}]}, {'value': 'Castle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grange West', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53°22′30″N 7°04′05″W / 53.375118°N 7.068169°W / 53.375118 ; -7.068169', 'urls': []}, {'value': '528', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jigginstown House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jigginstown_Castle', 'summary': "Jigginstown Castle is a ruined 17th-century house and National Monument near Naas , County Kildare , Ireland . It was constructed in the late 1630s when Ireland was under the reign of Charles I ( 1625-1649 ) . At the time it was one of the largest buildings in Ireland , and the first to be constructed of red brick : the plans provided for a pavement and columns of Kilkenny marble . Jigginstown Castle was built on the periphery of an area known as The Pale , which was on the outskirts of Dublin . It was an area which was guarded on its outskirts by the English plantation settlers to protect valuables and livestock . The castle has also been previously known as Siggingstown Castle . Thomas Wentworth , Earl of Strafford and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the 1630s , was responsible for the construction . His intention was for the castle to be a place where the King could reside on royal visits to Ireland . The downfall and execution for treason of Lord Strafford in 1641 meant that the house was never completed , and it was largely destroyed during the civil strife of the 1640s , although , according to Strafford 's biographer Veronica Wedgwood , the foundations were still visible in the 1950s . The basement and castle 's ground floor still stand to this day ."}]}, {'value': 'House - 16th/17th Century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jigginstown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53°12′50″N 6°40′57″W / 53.213788°N 6.682488°W / 53.213788 ; -6.682488', 'urls': []}, {'value': '275', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilteel Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilteel_Castle', 'summary': 'Kilteel ( Irish : Cill Chéile ) is the name of a village , townland and civil parish located in the barony of South Salt , County Kildare , Ireland . The townland of Kilteel Upper contains the remains of a church with a decorated Romanesque chancel arch , the ruins of a 13th-century preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller and a well-preserved 15th-century tower house . The historic settlement is located on the southwest corner of the English Pale and served an important function as a border fortress during the medieval period .'}]}, {'value': 'Castle & Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilteel Upper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilteel', 'summary': 'Kilteel ( Irish : Cill Chéile ) is the name of a village , townland and civil parish located in the barony of South Salt , County Kildare , Ireland . The townland of Kilteel Upper contains the remains of a church with a decorated Romanesque chancel arch , the ruins of a 13th-century preceptory of the Knights Hospitaller and a well-preserved 15th-century tower house . The historic settlement is located on the southwest corner of the English Pale and served an important function as a border fortress during the medieval period .'}]}, {'value': '53°14′03″N 6°31′32″W / 53.234136°N 6.525565°W / 53.234136 ; -6.525565', 'urls': []}, {'value': '485', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maynooth Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maynooth_Castle', 'summary': 'Maynooth Castle is a ruined 12th century castle in Maynooth , County Kildare , Ireland which stands at the entrance to the South Campus of Maynooth University . Constructed in the early 13th century , it became the primary residence of the Kildare Fitzmaurice and Fitzgerald family .'}]}, {'value': 'Castle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maynooth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maynooth', 'summary': "Maynooth ( /məˈnuːθ/ ; Irish : Maigh Nuad ) is a university town in north County Kildare , Ireland . It is home to Maynooth University ( part of the National University of Ireland and also known as the National University of Ireland , Maynooth ) and St Patrick 's College , a Pontifical University and Ireland 's main Roman Catholic seminary . Maynooth is also the seat of the Irish Catholic Bishops ' Conference and holds the headquarters of Ireland 's largest development charity , Trócaire . Maynooth is located 24 kilometres ( 15 miles ) west of central Dublin ."}]}, {'value': '53°22′51″N 6°35′40″W / 53.38079°N 6.5944°W / 53.38079 ; -6.5944 ( Maynooth Castle )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '674', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moone High Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moone', 'summary': "Moone ( Irish : Maoin or Maen Colmcille , meaning Colmcille 's property ) is a small village in the south of County Kildare , Ireland . It is on the former N9 road ( now by-passed ) about 80 km ( 50 mi ) south of Dublin . It has only a few hundred inhabitants , a church , a national school , one shop and a small community centre . There is also pub called the Moone High Cross Inn ."}]}, {'value': 'High Cross', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moone', 'summary': "Moone ( Irish : Maoin or Maen Colmcille , meaning Colmcille 's property ) is a small village in the south of County Kildare , Ireland . It is on the former N9 road ( now by-passed ) about 80 km ( 50 mi ) south of Dublin . It has only a few hundred inhabitants , a church , a national school , one shop and a small community centre . There is also pub called the Moone High Cross Inn ."}]}, {'value': '53°46′31″N 7°30′01″W / 53.775218°N 7.500249°W / 53.775218 ; -7.500249', 'urls': []}, {'value': '589', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mullaghreelan Rath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mullaghreelan_Rath', 'summary': 'Mullaghreelan Rath ( Irish : Ráth Mhullach Raoileann ) is a ringfort ( rath ) and National Monument located in County Kildare , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Ringfort', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mullaghreelan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mullaghreelan', 'summary': 'Mullaghreelan Rath ( Irish : Ráth Mhullach Raoileann ) is a ringfort ( rath ) and National Monument located in County Kildare , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': '52°56′09″N 6°52′24″W / 52.935953°N 6.873419°W / 52.935953 ; -6.873419', 'urls': []}, {'value': '71', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Kilcullen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Kilcullen', 'summary': "Old Kilcullen , formerly Kilcullen ( Cill Chuilinn , the Church of the Holly in Irish ) , is a townland in County Kildare , Ireland , which includes a noted religious archaeological site within its boundary . As a townland it is relatively large ( 792 acres ) but lightly populated ( 79 premises ) . The location of the townland is roughly contained within the R418 and R448 routes starting at its most northerly point , a crossroads known locally as Thompson 's Cross . The townland continues south from this point as far as Harklow and is intersected in its north east corner by the M9 motorway at Abbeyaun . Old Kilcullen was formerly the site of a walled town , and before that of an ecclesiastical settlement dating from the 5th century . The original settlement gave its name to the substantial surrounding civil parish and barony . The urban centre of the area moved 2 km north-east to Kilcullen Bridge on the River Liffey , often now simply known as Kilcullen , following the construction of a bridge there in 1319 . Old Kilcullen is just under 5 km from Newbridge and approximately 13 km from Naas . Old Kilcullen is the site of a round tower and a decorated High Cross . Another , much older , historic site , Dun Ailinne , is located approximately one kilometre away to the north at Knockaulin ."}]}, {'value': 'Church , Round Tower & Crosses', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Kilcullen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Kilcullen', 'summary': "Old Kilcullen , formerly Kilcullen ( Cill Chuilinn , the Church of the Holly in Irish ) , is a townland in County Kildare , Ireland , which includes a noted religious archaeological site within its boundary . As a townland it is relatively large ( 792 acres ) but lightly populated ( 79 premises ) . The location of the townland is roughly contained within the R418 and R448 routes starting at its most northerly point , a crossroads known locally as Thompson 's Cross . The townland continues south from this point as far as Harklow and is intersected in its north east corner by the M9 motorway at Abbeyaun . Old Kilcullen was formerly the site of a walled town , and before that of an ecclesiastical settlement dating from the 5th century . The original settlement gave its name to the substantial surrounding civil parish and barony . The urban centre of the area moved 2 km north-east to Kilcullen Bridge on the River Liffey , often now simply known as Kilcullen , following the construction of a bridge there in 1319 . Old Kilcullen is just under 5 km from Newbridge and approximately 13 km from Naas . Old Kilcullen is the site of a round tower and a decorated High Cross . Another , much older , historic site , Dun Ailinne , is located approximately one kilometre away to the north at Knockaulin ."}]}, {'value': '53°06′25″N 6°45′45″W / 53.106967°N 6.762521°W / 53.106967 ; -6.762521 ( Old Kilcullen )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '190', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oughter Ard Tower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oughter_Ard', 'summary': 'Oughterard ( Irish : Uachtar Árd , a high place ) is an ecclesiastical hilltop site , graveyard , townland , and formerly a parish , borough and royal manor in County Kildare , nowadays part of the community of Ardclough , close to the Dublin border . It is the burial place of Arthur Guinness .'}]}, {'value': 'Round Tower & Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oughter Ard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oughter_Ard', 'summary': 'Oughterard ( Irish : Uachtar Árd , a high place ) is an ecclesiastical hilltop site , graveyard , townland , and formerly a parish , borough and royal manor in County Kildare , nowadays part of the community of Ardclough , close to the Dublin border . It is the burial place of Arthur Guinness .'}]}, {'value': '53°16′40″N 6°33′57″W / 53.277716°N 6.565894°W / 53.277716 ; -6.565894', 'urls': []}, {'value': '305', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punchestown Longstone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punchestown_Longstone', 'summary': 'Punchestown Longstone is a menhir ( standing stone ) and National Monument near Naas , Ireland .'}]}, {'value': 'Standing Stone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punchestown Great', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53°11′31″N 6°37′43″W / 53.191838°N 6.628536°W / 53.191838 ; -6.628536', 'urls': []}, {'value': '404', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rathcoffey Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rathcoffey_Castle', 'summary': 'Rathcoffey Castle is a 15th century castle found in Rathcoffey , County Kildare , Ireland . It is a National Monument .'}]}, {'value': 'Castle gatehouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rathcoffey Demesne', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53°19′53″N 6°39′53″W / 53.331396°N 6.664763°W / 53.331396 ; -6.664763', 'urls': []}, {'value': '503', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St John 's Tower", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Saint_John's_Tower_(Castledermot)", 'summary': "Saint John 's Tower , also called the Pigeon Tower , is a tower in Castledermot , County Kildare , Ireland . A former bell tower , it is all that remains of a medieval leper hospital and is a National Monument ."}]}, {'value': 'Tower , formerly part of hospital', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Skenagun', 'urls': []}, {'value': '52°54′41″N 6°50′23″W / 52.911404°N 6.839839°W / 52.911404 ; -6.839839', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70 , 578', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taghadoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taghadoe', 'summary': 'Taghadoe in County Kildare is the site of an ancient monastic settlement and Round Tower , there is a graveyard and the ruins of a 19th-century church . It is situated 5 km from Maynooth , off the Straffan Road . The name is derived from Teach Tua or House of Tua in Irish , Saint Tua ( Ultan the Silent ) the abbot of Clonmacnoise , was responsible for founding the monastic settlement here . The site dates back to the 6th Century . The Round Tower used for about 1000 years but was left in ruins by the 17th Century . Most of the burials were in the 17th and 18th century and it was used by Roman Catholics . A John Dillon of Carton had bequeathed £1,000 for the building of a church on the site ; the Duke of Leinster was the executor of his will . The Church which was constructed on the site in 1831 for the Church of Ireland by a donation from the Board of First Fruits of £830 , this church was only active for 40 years and while derelict its walls are quite intact . The Tower was declared a National Monument in 1886 , and the site is in the care of the Office of Public Works ( OPW ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Round Tower and Church', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taghadoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taghadoe', 'summary': 'Taghadoe in County Kildare is the site of an ancient monastic settlement and Round Tower , there is a graveyard and the ruins of a 19th-century church . It is situated 5 km from Maynooth , off the Straffan Road . The name is derived from Teach Tua or House of Tua in Irish , Saint Tua ( Ultan the Silent ) the abbot of Clonmacnoise , was responsible for founding the monastic settlement here . The site dates back to the 6th Century . The Round Tower used for about 1000 years but was left in ruins by the 17th Century . Most of the burials were in the 17th and 18th century and it was used by Roman Catholics . A John Dillon of Carton had bequeathed £1,000 for the building of a church on the site ; the Duke of Leinster was the executor of his will . The Church which was constructed on the site in 1831 for the Church of Ireland by a donation from the Board of First Fruits of £830 , this church was only active for 40 years and while derelict its walls are quite intact . The Tower was declared a National Monument in 1886 , and the site is in the care of the Office of Public Works ( OPW ) .'}]}, {'value': '53°21′12″N 6°36′48″W / 53.353199°N 6.613237°W / 53.353199 ; -6.613237', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'National Monuments', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_National_Monuments_in_County_Kildare_0', 'intro': 'The Irish state has officially approved the following List of National Monuments in County Kildare. In the Republic of Ireland, a structure or site may be deemed to be a National Monument, and therefore worthy of state protection, if it is of national importance. If the land adjoining the monument is essential to protect it, this land may also be protected.'}
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What is the NM # of the monument that is all that remains of a medieval leper hospital ?
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503
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ff9c4ff145cec8e1
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keke_Palmer', 'title': 'Keke Palmer', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cold Case', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cold_Case', 'summary': 'Cold Case is an American police procedural television series which ran on CBS from September 28 , 2003 to May 2 , 2010 . The series revolved around a fictionalized Philadelphia Police Department division that specializes in investigating cold cases . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons and 156 episodes . The series aired in syndication , and also on Ion Television in the U.S. and on Viva in Canada . Sleuth also aired the series occasionally . In 2011 , the show aired on MyNetworkTV . The show made its debut on the new over-the-air channel Start TV when it launched on September 3 , 2018 . It also airs on MBC Action and through the Roku channel . Due to licensing issues related to the use of contemporary music in each episode , none of the seasons have been released on DVD .'}]}, {'value': 'Arletta Marion in 1939', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Letter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strong Medicine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Strong_Medicine', 'summary': 'Strong Medicine is a medical drama with a focus on feminist politics , health issues , and class conflict , that aired on the Lifetime network from 2000 to 2006 . The series was created and produced in part by Whoopi Goldberg , who made cameos on the series , and Tammy Ader . The series starred Rosa Blasi , Janine Turner , and Patricia Richardson . Strong Medicine was the highest-rated original drama on basic cable in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sarina', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Healing Touch', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Wool Cap', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Wool_Cap', 'summary': "The Wool Cap is a 2004 American cable television film , an updated and Americanized version of the 1962 film Gigot starring Jackie Gleason , who wrote the original story . In this adaptation written by William H. Macy and Steven Schachter , Charlie Gigot is the mute and alcoholic superintendent of a dilapidated New York City apartment building . He becomes the unwilling parent figure for Lou , a young girl temporarily left in his care by a woman who fails to return for her . The two and Gigot 's pet monkey struggle to make it through the winter in his ramshackle basement apartment while he tries to find someone willing to take her in . The film , a co-production of Viacom Productions and 20th Century Fox Television , was shot in Atlanta , Georgia and Montréal , Québec , Canada . Directed by Schachter , it starred Macy as Charlie and Keke Palmer as Lou , with Don Rickles , Ned Beatty , Cherise Boothe , Julito McCullum , and Catherine O'Hara in supporting roles . The film premiered on November 21 , 2004 on TNT . It has been released on videotape and DVD . Fox owns the international ancillary rights , while North American ancillary rights are now in the hands of CBS Television Studios . Paramount Pictures handles video distribution for the CBS library , though this particular program was released on DVD before the Viacom/CBS split ."}]}, {'value': 'Lou', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knights of the South Bronx', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knights_of_the_South_Bronx', 'summary': 'Knights of the South Bronx is a 2005 television film about a teacher who helps students at a tough inner-city school to succeed by teaching them to play chess . It was directed by Allen Hughes and written by Jamal Joseph ( story and teleplay ) and Dianne Houston ( teleplay ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya Russell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Second Time Around', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_Time_Around_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Second Time Around is an American sitcom that aired on UPN during the 2004-05 season . The series was canceled after one season .'}]}, {'value': 'Sharlene', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Big Bank , Little Bank', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ER', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ER_(TV_series)', 'summary': "ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19 , 1994 , to April 2 , 2009 , with a total of 331 episodes spanning 15 seasons . It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television , in association with Warner Bros. Television . ER follows the inner life of the emergency room ( ER ) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago , Illinois , and various critical issues faced by the room 's physicians and staff . The show is the second longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history behind Grey 's Anatomy , and the 5th longest medical drama across the globe ( behind BBC 's Casualty and Holby City , and Poland 's Na dobre i na złe ) . It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards , including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award , and received 124 Emmy nominations . ER won 116 awards in total , including the Peabody Award , while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series . As of 2014 , ER has grossed over $ 3 billion in television revenue ."}]}, {'value': 'Janell Parkerson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : The Show Must Go On', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Law & Order : Special Victims Unit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit', 'summary': "Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( often abbreviated to Law & Order : SVU or just SVU ) is an American crime drama television series created by Dick Wolf for NBC . It stars Mariska Hargitay as Captain Olivia Benson , the commanding officer of the Special Victims Unit and formerly a lead detective , located in a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department . Christopher Meloni played the other lead detective , Elliot Stabler , until departing from the series after 12 seasons . Law & Order : Special Victims Unit follows the style of the original Law & Order in that episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention . The show premiered on September 20 , 1999 as the second series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . After the premiere of the 21st season in September 2019 , the series became the longest-running US live action series on television . As of February 13 , 2020 , Law & Order : Special Victims Unit has aired 472 original episodes , surpassing the episode count of the original Law & Order series . It was nominated for and won numerous awards , including the 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series awarded to Mariska Hargitay ; the first Emmy to be received by a regular on any Law & Order series . On March 29 , 2019 , NBC renewed the series for a record-breaking twenty-first season , which premiered on September 26 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tasha Wright', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Storm', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Tyler Perry 's House of Payne", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tyler_Perry's_House_of_Payne", 'summary': "Tyler Perry 's House of Payne is an American sitcom television series created and produced by Tyler Perry that premiered in syndication on June 21 , 2006 . The series would eventually be retooled and aired TBS from June 6 , 2007 , until August 10 , 2012 . The series revolves around a multi-generational family living under one roof in Atlanta led by patriarch Curtis Payne and his wife Ella . While primarily a comedy , with elements of slapstick , House of Payne was known for featuring dark themes and subject matter , such as substance abuse and addiction . The show is also heavily serialized , with many references to past episodes , creating a continuing story arc . With a total of 254 episodes , House of Payne has aired more episodes than any other television series with a predominantly African American cast , surpassing The Jeffersons with 253 episodes , Family Matters with 215 episodes , and The Cosby Show with 202 episodes . In 2017 , the Oprah Winfrey Network ordered a spin-off series titled The Paynes , with 38 episodes and the original cast returning to reprise their roles . The series premiered on January 16 , 2018 . After a possible revival was teased on Twitter , with a script being written in 2019 , it was officially announced on February 4 , 2020 , that House of Payne would return with a ninth season to premiere on BET in the Summer ."}]}, {'value': 'Nikki', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Bully and the Beast', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tyler_Perry's_House_of_Payne_(season_1)", 'summary': "The first season of the Tyler Perry 's House of Payne began airing on June 6 , 2007 , and concluded on September 26 , 2007 . The season contained 37 episodes . Although this is the first season of the series , a set of 10 test episodes aired in the summer of 2006 on syndicated networks ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Just Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Just_Jordan', 'summary': "Just Jordan is an American television sitcom that aired on Nickelodeon as a part of the network 's TEENick lineup . The series debuted on January 7 , 2007 , and was canceled on April 5 , 2008 , with 29 episodes produced . Since the series ' cancellation , Nickelodeon and The N continued to air reruns until December 26 , 2008 . BET also aired reruns of the series until 2009 . After several years , reruns made a short-lived return on MTV2 , with only 6 episodes airing on October 16 , 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'C.C . Livingston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Fame Game', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jump In !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jump_In!', 'summary': "Jump In ! is a 2007 Disney Channel Original Movie , which premiered on January 12 , 2007 . It was released on Disney Channel UK on April 27 , 2007 . The film , starring Corbin Bleu and Keke Palmer , revolves around a young boxer , Izzy Daniels ( Bleu ) , who trains to follow in his father 's footsteps by winning the Golden Glove . When his friend , Mary ( Palmer ) , asks him to substitute for a team member in a Double Dutch tournament , Izzy discovers his new love for jumping rope and in the meantime , he soon discovers true love in Mary . Filming took place from June-July 2006 in Toronto , Ontario , Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Mary Thomas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'True Jackson , VP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/True_Jackson,_VP', 'summary': "True Jackson , VP is an American teen sitcom that aired on Nickelodeon from November 8 , 2008 , to August 20 , 2011 . The series starred Keke Palmer , Ashley Argota , Matt Shively , Danielle Bisutti , Greg Proops , Robbie Amell , and Ron Butler . The theme song was written by Toby Gad and Keke Palmer and is performed by Palmer . The series was shot in front of a live studio audience , which is mentioned at the start of each episode ( with the exception of Mission Gone Bad ) . On May 5 , 2009 , Nickelodeon renewed the show for a second season of 34 episodes , which premiered on November 14 , 2009 . In 2010 , Nickelodeon cancelled the show after two seasons . It was then later split , making a third season . The pilot episode garnered 4.8 million viewers on its first airing and set network records among kids 6-11 , tweens 9-14 and several other demographics , airing after the iCarly three-part episode iGo to Japan . The show premiered on Nickelodeon ( UK and Ireland ) on May 25 , 2009 , and on Nickelodeon ( Latin America ) on August 3 , 2009 . The one-hour ( two-part ) episode entitled Mystery in Peru completed the 34 ordered episodes for season two ( production wise ) , after it aired on August 20 , 2011 . Keke Palmer posted a video on her YouTube account and posted on her blog , confirming that Mystery in Peru is the series ' finale ."}]}, {'value': 'True Jackson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lead role', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Cleveland Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Cleveland_Show', 'summary': "The Cleveland Show is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane , Richard Appel , and Mike Henry for the Fox Broadcasting Company as a spin-off of Family Guy . The series centered on the Browns and Tubbs , two dysfunctional families consisting of parents Cleveland Brown and Donna Tubbs and their children Cleveland Brown , Jr. , Roberta Tubbs , and Rallo Tubbs . Similar to Family Guy , it exhibited much of its humor in the form of cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The series was conceived by MacFarlane in 2007 after developing the two animated series Family Guy and American Dad ! for the Fox network . MacFarlane centered the show on Family Guy character Cleveland Brown , his new wife Donna Tubbs , his step-children Rallo and Roberta Tubbs , and his son Cleveland , Jr. , who , in the show , is depicted as an obese , soft-spoken teen , as opposed to his depiction as a younger , hyperactive child with average body weight on Family Guy . The series originally aired from September 27 , 2009 , to May 19 , 2013 , for a total of four seasons and 88 episodes . The Cleveland Show was nominated for one Annie Award , one Primetime Emmy Award , and two Teen Choice Awards , but received mixed reviews from media critics . The series was canceled after its fourth season . Cleveland has since returned to Family Guy , accompanied by the rest of the Brown-Tubbs family , as of the twelfth season episode He 's Bla-ack ! . In July 2010 , the Turner Broadcasting System picked up syndication rights , for their networks TBS and Adult Swim . The series first aired in syndication on Adult Swim on Cartoon Network in the United States on September 29 , 2012 and on MuchMusic in Canada on September 2 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Candice', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Voice ; Episode : Harder , Better , Faster , Browner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Degrassi : The Next Generation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Degrassi:_The_Next_Generation', 'summary': "Degrassi : The Next Generation ( also known as Degrassi for seasons ten through fourteen ) is a Canadian teen drama television series set in the Degrassi universe , which was created by Linda Schuyler and Kit Hood in 1979 . It is the fourth series in the Degrassi franchise , following The Kids of Degrassi Street , Degrassi Junior High , and Degrassi High . Like its predecessors , the series follows an ensemble cast of students at the fictional Degrassi Community School who face various challenges often seen as taboo such as sex , teen pregnancy , bullying , date rape , drug abuse , body image , homosexuality , domestic violence , gang violence , self-injury , suicide , abortion , mental disorders , death , and many other issues . The series was initially created by Linda Schuyler and Yan Moore , and is produced by Epitome Pictures ( a subsidiary of DHX Media ) in association with Bell Media . The current executive producers are Schuyler , her husband Stephen Stohn and Brendon Yorke . The series is filmed at Epitome 's studios in Toronto , Ontario , rather than on the real De Grassi Street from which the franchise takes its name . Degrassi : The Next Generation has been a critical success and has often received favourable reviews from Entertainment Weekly , The New York Times and AfterElton.com . In its initial years , it was frequently the most watched domestic drama series in Canada , and one of the highest-rated shows on TeenNick in the United States . In 2004 , one episode received just under a million viewers in Canada , and over half a million viewers in the US . The series has won numerous awards , from the Geminis , Writers Guild of Canada and Directors Guild of Canada , and internationally from the Teen Choice Awards , Young Artist Awards , and Prix Jeunesse . The series premiered on CTV on October 14 , 2001 . During the ninth season in 2010 , the series moved to MuchMusic ."}]}, {'value': 'Herself', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Boom Boom Pow : Parts 1 & 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winx Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winx_Club', 'summary': "Winx Club is an Italian-American [ a ] animated television series created by Iginio Straffi and co-produced by Rainbow SpA and Nickelodeon . It is set in a magical universe that is inhabited by fairies , witches , and other mythical creatures . The show follows a fairy warrior named Bloom as she enrolls at Alfea College to train and hone her skills . The series uses a serial format that has an ongoing storyline , with individual story arcs comprising each season . It premiered on 28 January 2004 , becoming a ratings success in Italy and on Nickelodeon networks internationally . Iginio Straffi initially outlined the show 's plot to last three seasons . He chose to continue the story for a fourth season in 2009 . Around this time , Winx Club 's popularity attracted the attention of the American media company Viacom , owner of Nickelodeon . Viacom purchased 30% of the show 's animation studio , Rainbow SpA , and Nickelodeon became a co-producer of the series . Production on the fifth , sixth , and seventh seasons was divided between Rainbow and Nickelodeon Animation Studio . To attract an American audience , Viacom assembled a voice cast of Nickelodeon actors ( including Elizabeth Gillies and Ariana Grande ) , invested US $ 100 million in advertising for the series , and inducted Winx Club into Nickelodeon 's franchise of Nicktoons . Beginning in 2010 , episodes of Winx Club have been jointly written with Nickelodeon 's American team ."}]}, {'value': 'Aisha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Winx_Club_characters', 'summary': "The animated television series Winx Club features characters designed by former comic artist Iginio Straffi . The show 's narrative takes place in a magical dimension in which a group of fairy warriors defends their universe from villains . The group , called the Winx Club , attends and later graduates from the Alfea College for Fairies . They are frequently supported by their romantic partners , known as the Specialists , who study at the neighboring Red Fountain School . The Specialists do not have magical abilities ; they train to fight using laser weapons . The titular club is led by Bloom , a student from Earth who believed she was an average human until discovering her flame-based fairy powers . The original group includes Stella , the fairy of the Sun ; Flora , the fairy of nature ; Musa , the fairy of music ; and Tecna , the fairy of technology . They share an apartment on the campus of Alfea . The fairy of waves , Aisha , is introduced in the second season and becomes the group 's sixth member . A seventh member , Roxy , is introduced in the fourth season and occasionally joins the other Winx Club fairies . Each season of Winx Club introduces new villains who fight the main characters . A trio of witches called the Trix are the Winx Club 's most frequent adversaries ."}]}, {'value': 'Voice ; Main role ( Season 3 - 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winx_Club_(season_3)', 'summary': "The third season of the animated television series Winx Club aired from 29 January to 28 March 2007 , consisting of 26 episodes . The series was created by Iginio Straffi , who also acted as executive producer and director of the season . The season focuses on the Winx Club 's third and final year at the Alfea College for Fairies , where they strive to earn an enhancement to their powers called Enchantix . The Trix escape from their prison in the Omega Dimension and bring back a new villain named Valtor , who has a special connection with Bloom . Multiple English dubs of the season were produced . One was provided by Cinélume and another was produced by 4Kids TV , which also edited and censored numerous scenes . The latter version aired on Fox from 30 September 2006 to 22 September 2007 . Additionally , in 2010 , Nickelodeon became a co-producer of Winx Club and redubbed the third season before airing the Nick-produced episodes . The third season aired on Nickelodeon U.S. under the title Winx Club : Enchantix from 14 November to 26 December 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Winx_Club_(season_6)', 'summary': "The sixth season of Winx Club premiered on Nickelodeon in the United States on 29 September 2013 and on Rai 2 in Italy on 6 January 2014 . This season focuses mainly on the Trix allying with Selina , a young witch from Earth who has just enrolled at Cloud Tower as a freshman student , and who is an old childhood best friend of Bloom 's . The Winx must earn two new fairy transformations : Bloomix ( which is derived from Bloom 's almighty Dragon Fire powers ) , and Mythix to lock the Legendarium book once and for all . In order to do so , they must also find Eldora , the fairy godmother , who , like Bloom , has quite a close connection with Selina , and the only one who knows how to seal the Legendarium for eternity ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rags', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rags_(2012_film)', 'summary': 'Rags is a Nickelodeon Original Movie . It is a musical , gender-switched inversion and modernization of the Cinderella fairy tale , starring Keke Palmer , Max Schneider , Drake Bell , Avan Jogia and Nick Cannon . The movie premiered on Nickelodeon on May 28 , 2012 . The film was released as a DVD on August 28 , 2012 as a double feature with Big Time Movie .'}]}, {'value': 'Kadee Worth', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abducted : The Carlina White Story', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abducted:_The_Carlina_White_Story', 'summary': 'Abducted : The Carlina White Story is a Lifetime television film about Carlina White , who was abducted as an infant by Ann Pettway from a New York hospital and solved her own kidnapping and reunited with her biological parents 23 years later . The case is reported to be the first known infant abduction from a New York hospital . On July 30 , 2012 , Pettway was sentenced in a New York court to 12 years in prison for kidnapping Carlina . The movie premiered on October 6 , 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'Carlina White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlina_White', 'summary': 'Carlina Renae White ( born July 15 , 1987 ) , also known as Nejdra Netty Nance , is an American woman who solved her own kidnapping case and was reunited with her biological parents 23 years after being abducted as an infant from the Harlem Hospital Center in New York City . The case represents the longest known gap in a non-parental abduction in which the victim was reunited with the family in the United States . For years , Carlina was living with a woman she thought was her mother , who was in fact her kidnapper . She was portrayed by Keke Palmer in the Lifetime film Abducted : The Carlina White Story .'}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Key & Peele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Key_&_Peele', 'summary': "Key & Peele ( abbreviated to K & P ) is an American sketch comedy television series created by Keegan-Michael Key and Jordan Peele that aired on Comedy Central . Both Key and Peele previously worked on Mad TV . Each episode of the show consists mainly of several pre-taped skits starring the two actors . The sketches cover a variety of societal topics , often with a focus on American popular culture , ethnic stereotypes and race relations . Key & Peele premiered on January 31 , 2012 and ended on September 9 , 2015 , with a total of 53 episodes , over the course of five seasons . A special entitled Key & Peele 's Super Bowl Special aired on January 30 , 2015 . Key & Peele won a Peabody Award and two Primetime Emmy Awards and has been nominated for various other awards , including Writers Guild Award , NAACP Image Award and 16 additional Primetime Emmy Awards in various categories ."}]}, {'value': "Malia Obama 's anger translator", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malia_Obama', 'summary': 'The family of Barack Obama , the 44th president of the United States , and his wife Michelle Obama is made up of people of Kenyan ( Luo ) , African-American , and Old Stock American ( including originally English , Scots-Irish , Welsh , German , and Swiss ) ancestry . Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 2009 to 2017 . The Obamas are the first First Family of African-American descent .'}]}, {'value': 'Episode : Obama Shutdown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Full Circle', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Chan'dra Stevens", 'urls': []}, {'value': "Episode : Jace & Chan'dra Episode : Chan'dra & Cliff", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90210', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/90210_(TV_series)', 'summary': "90210 is an American teen drama television series , developed by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , that aired from September 2 , 2008 , to May 13 , 2013 . It is the fourth series in the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise created by Darren Star . The series was produced by CBS Television Studios . Like its predecessor , the show follows the lives of several wealthy students attending West Beverly Hills High School in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills , California . The show later focuses on the same group of friends when they graduate and begin their lives in the adult world . Some attend college at California University , while others begin exploring avenues beyond post-secondary education . The show originally revolved around the Wilson family , including new Beverly Hills residents Annie Wilson ( Shenae Grimes ) and Dixon Wilson ( Tristan Wilds ) . Their father , Harrison Wilson ( Rob Estes ) has returned from Wichita , Kansas , to his Beverly Hills childhood home with his family to care for his mother , former television and theater actress Tabitha Wilson ( Jessica Walter ) , who has a drinking problem and clashes with his wife Debbie Wilson ( Lori Loughlin ) . Annie and Dixon struggle to adjust to their new lives while making friends and yet adhering to their parents ' wishes . During the first two seasons , cast members from the original series made appearances , including Jennie Garth , Shannen Doherty , Ann Gillespie , Tori Spelling and Joe E. Tata . After the second season , however , they were not featured and were rarely mentioned . The primary connection between the two series was the new series ' character of Erin Silver ( Jessica Stroup ) , the half-sister of Kelly Taylor and David Silver from the original series ."}]}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Royce Harwood', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Recurring role ( Season 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/90210_(season_5)', 'summary': "The fifth and final season of 90210 was announced on May 3 , 2012 . On May 17 , 2012 , it was announced that the show 's fifth season would be moving back to Mondays at 8:00pm Eastern/7:00pm Central followed by the sixth season of Gossip Girl at 9:00pm . The season premiered on October 8 , 2012 . The fifth season of 90210 follows the group from West Beverly kids as they navigate life after high school . Their journey into adulthood will find them heading in different directions while trying to keep the same closeness that worked so well for them in high school . 90210 went on its mid-season break on December 10 , 2012 and returned on January 21 , 2013 at a new time slot of 9:00 pm , one week after The Carrie Diaries ' premiere , which took its original time slot of 8:00 pm . On January 13 , 2013 , the President of The CW Mark Pedowitz stated that although 90210 does not have a season 6 renewal in place , the show would most likely be back next year ( possibly for the final season if it were to be canceled ) due to him being a big believer in giving fans a very satisfactory conclusion for long-running shows . In spite of this , in late February it was announced that the fifth season would indeed be the final season of the show , with the series finale airing May 13 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CrazySexyCool : The TLC Story', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CrazySexyCool:_The_TLC_Story', 'summary': "CrazySexyCool : The TLC Story is a 2013 American biographical television film about the R & B and hip hop musical trio TLC . It derives its title from the title of the group 's second album , CrazySexyCool . The film stars Keke Palmer as Rozonda Chilli Thomas , Niatia Lil Mama Kirkland as Lisa Left Eye Lopes and Drew Sidora as Tionne T-Boz Watkins . The film was directed by Charles Stone III and written by Kate Lanier . Thomas and Watkins also served as executive producers of the film . The film premiered on VH1 on October 21 , 2013 . TLC released a compilation album , 20 , released by LaFace and Epic Records on October 15 , 2013 , marking both the band 's 20-plus year in entertainment business and the release of CrazySexyCool : The TLC Story which largely inspired the track listing for 20 . Next to their four number-one singles Creep , Waterfalls , No Scrubs and Unpretty plus a new track written by singer Ne-Yo , Meant to Be . The film 's premiere generated 4.5 million viewers , making it the highest-rated television film premiere of 2013 , as well as the highest-rated original film premiere in VH1 history . The film was released on DVD on October 21 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rozonda Chilli Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rozonda_Thomas', 'summary': 'Rozonda Ocielian Thomas ( born February 27 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Chilli , is an American singer-songwriter , dancer , actress , television personality and model who rose to fame in the early 1990s as a member of group TLC , one of the best-selling girl groups of the 20th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Television film', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Keke_Palmer_1', 'intro': "Lauren Keyana Keke Palmer (born August 26, 1993) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, dancer and television personality. Palmer was born in Harvey, Illinois, and raised in Robbins, Illinois. She released her debut album, So Uncool, on September 18, 2007, through Atlantic Records. The album failed to chart on the US Billboard 200 but did chart at number 85 on the R&B chart. The album was preceded by the second single Keep It Movin'. Palmer made her acting debut in the 2004 film Barbershop 2: Back in Business and rose to prominence in 2006 for her breakthrough role in Akeelah and the Bee as well as starring in Madea's Family Reunion. Palmer has also starred in films such as The Longshots (2008), Shrink (2009) and Animal (2014). In 2012, Palmer starred in four films: Joyful Noise, Winx Club: The Secret of the Lost Kingdom, Ice Age: Continental Drift, and Virgin Mary. Besides films, Palmer has also starred in the television films Knights of the South Bronx (2005), Jump In! (2007), and Rags (2012), among others. Palmer has also had numerous television roles including the lead role in Nickelodeon sitcom True Jackson, VP. Palmer earned $20,000 per episode of True Jackson, VP, which made her the fourth-highest-paid child star on television."}
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How many viewers watched the pilot episode of the Nickelodeon series in which Keke Palmer played the lead role ?
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4.8 million
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ff9ced6e81d40c80
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_albums_which_have_spent_the_most_weeks_on_the_UK_Albums_Chart', 'title': 'List of albums which have spent the most weeks on the UK Albums Chart', 'header': ['Title', 'Artist', 'Released', 'Peak', 'Weeks'], 'data': [{'value': 'Music for the Jilted Generation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Music_for_the_Jilted_Generation', 'summary': "Music for the Jilted Generation is the second studio album by English electronic music group The Prodigy . It was first released in July 1994 by XL Recordings in the United Kingdom and by Mute Records in the United States . Just as on the groups debut album Experience ( 1992 ) , Maxim Reality was the only member of the band 's lineup - besides Liam Howlett - to contribute to the album . A remastered and expanded edition of the album titled More Music for the Jilted Generation was released in 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Prodigy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Prodigy', 'summary': "The Prodigy are an English electronic dance music band from Braintree , Essex , formed in 1990 by keyboardist and songwriter Liam Howlett . The line-up of the band has included MC and vocalist Maxim , dancer and vocalist Keith Flint ( until his death in March 2019 ) , dancer and live keyboardist Leeroy Thornhill ( who left to pursue a solo career in 1999 ) , and dancer and vocalist Sharky ( 1990-1991 ) . Along with the Chemical Brothers and Fatboy Slim , The Prodigy are credited as pioneers of the breakbeat-influenced genre big beat , which achieved mainstream popularity in the 1990s . Howlett 's rock-inspired drum rhythms infused with electronic rave music beats/breaks were combined with Maxim 's omnipresent mystique , Thornhill 's shuffle dancing style and Flint 's modern punk appearance . The Prodigy first emerged in the underground rave scene in the early 1990s and achieved popularity and worldwide recognition with UK number one singles such as Firestarter and Breathe , both singles coming from their UK and US chart topping album The Fat of the Land ( 1997 ) . A third single from the album , Smack My Bitch Up , was also successful . They earned titles like the premiere dance act for the alternative masses and the Godfathers of Rave , and remain one of the most successful electronic acts of all time . They have sold an estimated 25 million records worldwide , and won numerous music awards during their career , including two Brit Awards for Best British Dance Act , three MTV Video Music Awards , two Kerrang ! Awards , five MTV Europe Music Awards , and received two Grammy Award nominations ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '149', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/War_(U2_album)', 'summary': "War is the third studio album by Irish rock band U2 . It was produced by Steve Lillywhite , and was released on 28 February 1983 on Island Records . The album is regarded as U2 's first overtly political album , in part because of songs like Sunday Bloody Sunday and New Year 's Day , as well as the title , which stems from the band 's perception of the world at the time ; lead vocalist Bono stated that war seemed to be the motif for 1982 . U2 recorded the album from September-November 1982 at Windmill Lane Studios with Lillywhite producing , the group 's third consecutive album made at the studio with the producer . While the central themes of U2 's previous albums Boy and October were adolescence and spirituality , respectively , War focused on both the physical aspects of warfare , and the emotional after-effects . Musically , it is also harsher than the band 's previous releases . The album has been described as the record where the band turned pacifism itself into a crusade . War was a commercial success for the band , knocking Michael Jackson 's Thriller from the top of the UK charts to become the band 's first number-one album there . It reached number 12 in the United States and became the band 's first gold-certified album there . While poorly received by British critics at the time of release , War has since gained critical acclaim . In 2012 , the album was ranked number 223 on Rolling Stone 's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . The group supported the album with the War Tour through the end of 1983 ."}]}, {'value': 'U2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '148', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Every Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Every_Kingdom', 'summary': "Every Kingdom is the debut studio album by British singer-songwriter Ben Howard . It was released in the United Kingdom on 30 September 2011 as a digital download , on CD , on LP and as a 200 copy limited edition cassette . It reached a peak chart position of number four in the UK Albums Chart on 24 February 2013 following his success at the Brit Awards that week . The songs on the album were written by Ben Howard and produced by Chris Bond . The cover art was designed by Owen Tozer , based on photography by Mickey Smith and Roddy Bow . The song Old Pine is the music video version of the original found on the Old Pine EP . A remix of the song by Everything Everything was released by Howard as a single on 20 July 2012 . The songs The Wolves and These Waters are re-recordings of the original versions found on the These Waters EP . The song Keep Your Head Up is a re-recording of the original version found on the Games in the Dark EP . The song Black Flies was released on 21 April 2012 as a 100-copy limited edition LP as part of the 2012 edition of Secret 7 , each copy with different cover art . The song Black Flies was featured in the 2017 Square Enix / Deck Nine game Life is Strange : Before the Storm 's fourth , Bonus episode as the ending song of the episode . The album was nominated for the 2012 Mercury Prize ."}]}, {'value': 'Ben Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Howard', 'summary': "Benjamin John Ben Howard ( born 24 April 1987 ) is an English singer-songwriter , musician and composer . He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark ( 2008 ) followed by two more EPs , These Waters ( 2009 ) and Old Pine ( 2010 ) . He is currently signed to Island records . His debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases , Ben Howard Live ( 2011 ) and The Burgh Island E.P . ( 2012 ) . At the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist . He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June . He released his second studio album , I Forget Where We Were , in October 2014 . It became his first number one . As of 2017 , he is a member of the band A Blaze of Feather with India Bourne , Mickey Smith , Nat Wason , Rich Thomas and Kyle Keegan . Howard 's third album , titled Noonday Dream , was announced on 4 April 2018 , and released on 1 June 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '148', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Very Best of the Bee Gees', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_the_Bee_Gees', 'summary': 'The Very Best of the Bee Gees is a greatest hits album by British/Australian pop group the Bee Gees . It was originally released in November 1990 by Polydor Records , around the time as the Tales from the Brothers Gibb box set . The album was primarily aimed at the European market , as shown by the exclusion of the US hits Holiday , I Started a Joke , Lonely Days , How Can You Mend a Broken Heart and Fanny ( Be Tender with My Love ) . The album has been re-issued several times , including a 1996 version which dropped You Win Again and Ordinary Lives from the track listing .'}]}, {'value': 'Bee Gees', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bee_Gees', 'summary': "The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958 . Their lineup consisted of brothers Barry , Robin , and Maurice Gibb . The trio were especially successful as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s , and later as prominent performers of the disco music era in the mid-to-late 1970s . The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies ; Robin 's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits , while Barry 's R & B falsetto became their signature sound during the mid-to-late 1970s and 1980s . The Bee Gees wrote all of their own hits , as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists . Born on the Isle of Man to English parents , the Gibb brothers lived in Chorlton , Manchester , England until the late 1950s . There , in 1955 , they formed the skiffle/rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes . The family then moved to Redcliffe , in the Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia , and then to Cribb Island . After achieving their first chart success in Australia as the Bee Gees with Spicks and Specks ( their 12th single ) , they returned to the UK in January 1967 , when producer Robert Stigwood began promoting them to a worldwide audience . The Bee Gees have sold between 120 million to 220 million records worldwide , making them one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 ; the presenter of the award to Britain 's first family of harmony was Brian Wilson , historical frontman of the Beach Boys , another family act featuring three harmonising brothers . The Bee Gees ' Hall of Fame citation says , Only Elvis Presley , the Beatles , Michael Jackson , Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '147', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Life thru a Lens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Life_thru_a_Lens', 'summary': "Life thru a Lens is the debut solo studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams . It was Williams ' first solo album following his departure from Take That . Released on 29 September 1997 through Chrysalis Records , it is influenced by Britpop , a departure from the poppier tone of music Take That employed . The album 's working name was The Show-Off Must Go On . The album 's first three singles , Old Before I Die , Lazy Days and South of the Border ( the only single to miss the top 10 ) , were all moderate successes , but it was the fourth single Angels which catapulted Williams to international fame as a solo artist . Peaking at number 4 , it has sold over 1 million copies in the UK and is his biggest-selling single to date . Fifth and final single Let Me Entertain You reached number three , becoming the album 's third top-5 hit . Freedom , Robbie 's first solo success , a cover of George Michael 's 1990 hit , is not featured on the album . Life thru a Lens debuted at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart and initially remained in the lower regions , but , upon the chart success of Angels , it began steadily climbing and finally reached number one in April 1998 , five months after its release . Though never selling more than 60,000 copies in a single week , the album has sold over 2,094,000 copies as of November 2013 , making it Williams ' fourth-best-selling studio album and fifth-best-seller overall ."}]}, {'value': 'Robbie Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robbie_Williams', 'summary': 'Robert Peter Williams ( born 13 February 1974 ) is an English singer-songwriter and entertainer . He found fame as a member of the pop group Take That from 1989 to 1995 , but achieved greater commercial success with his solo career , beginning in 1997 . Williams has released seven UK number one singles and eleven out of his twelve studio albums have reached number one in the UK . He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America . Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom-four albums in the top 60-and in 2006 he entered the Guinness Book of World Records for selling 1.6 million tickets of his Close Encounters Tour in a single day . Williams has received a record eighteen Brit Awards - winning Best British Male Artist four times , two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the 2017 Brits Icon for his lasting impact on British culture , and three MTV European Music Awards . In 2004 , he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted the Greatest Artist of the 1990s . According to the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , Williams has been certified for 19.9 million albums and 7.2 million singles in the UK as a solo artist . He is also one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold 75 million records worldwide . Williams also topped the 2000-2010 UK airplay chart . His three concerts at Knebworth in 2003 drew over 375,000 people , the UKs biggest music event to that point . In 2014 , he was awarded the freedom of his home town of Stoke-on-Trent , as well as having a tourist trail created and streets named in his honour .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '147', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No Angel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/No_Angel_(album)', 'summary': "No Angel is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Dido . Originally released on 1 June 1999 in the United States , the album found a mass audience when it was released worldwide in February 2001 . By 2003 , the album has sold more than 15 million copies worldwide , and was the second best-selling album of the 2000s in the UK , behind James Blunt 's Back to Bedlam . As of 2015 No Angel is the 27th best-selling album in UK chart history . In 2019 it was listed the ninth best-selling album of the 21st century in the UK . It was also among ten albums nominated for the best British album of the previous 30 years by the Brit Awards in 2010 , ultimately losing to ( What 's the Story ) Morning Glory ? by Oasis ."}]}, {'value': 'Dido', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dido_(singer)', 'summary': "Dido Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong ( born 25 December 1971 ) , known professionally as Dido ( /ˈdaɪdoʊ/ DY-doh ) , is an English singer and songwriter . Dido attained international success with her debut album No Angel ( 1999 ) . Hit singles from the album include Here with Me and Thank You . It sold over 21 million copies worldwide , and won her several awards , including two Brit Awards : Best British Female and Best British Album , and the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act . The first verse of Thank You is sampled in Stan , a collaboration with Eminem . Her next album , Life for Rent ( 2003 ) , continued her success with the hit singles White Flag and Life for Rent . In 2004 Dido performed with other British and Irish artists in the Band Aid 20 version of the charity single Do They Know It 's Christmas ? . Dido 's first two albums are among the best-selling albums in UK chart history , and both are in the top 10 best-selling albums of the 2000s in the UK . Her third studio album , Safe Trip Home ( 2008 ) , received critical acclaim but failed to duplicate the commercial success of her previous efforts . She was nominated for an Academy Award for the song If I Rise . Dido was ranked No . 98 on the Billboard chart of the top Billboard 200 artists of the 2000s ( 2000-2009 ) based on the success of her albums in the first decade of the 21st century ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '147', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Script', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Script_(album)', 'summary': 'The Script is the debut album by Irish pop rock band the Script , which was released in the Republic of Ireland on 8 August 2008 and was released in the UK on 11 August 2008 by Phonogenic Records . Following success in the Republic of Ireland , the album was released elsewhere in Europe in September 2008 . The album topped the UK charts and peaked at number 64 on the US Billboard 200 on 4 March 2010 . The album was nominated for a Choice Music Prize-Irish Album of the Year 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'The Script', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Script', 'summary': "The Script is an Irish rock band formed in 2007 in Dublin , Ireland . They first released music in 2008 . It consists of lead vocalist and keyboardist Daniel O'Donoghue , lead guitarist Mark Sheehan , and drummer and bassist Glen Power . The band moved to London after signing to Sony Label Group imprint Phonogenic and released its eponymous debut album in August 2008 , preceded by the successful singles The Man Who Ca n't Be Moved and Breakeven . The album peaked at number one in both Ireland and the UK . Their next three albums , Science & Faith ( 2010 ) , # 3 ( 2012 ) and No Sound Without Silence ( 2014 ) , all topped the album charts in Ireland and the UK , while Science & Faith reached number three in the US . Hit singles from the albums include For the First Time , Nothing , Hall of Fame and Superheroes . The band 's fifth studio album , Freedom Child , was released on 1 September 2017 , and features the UK Top 20 single Rain . The Script 's music has been featured in television programmes such as 90210 , Ghost Whisperer , The Hills , Waterloo Road , EastEnders , Made in Chelsea and The Vampire Diaries . Frontman Danny O'Donoghue was also a coach on The Voice UK for seasons 1 and 2 , before leaving the show in order to focus more on the band . The band has won three Meteor Ireland Music Awards and two World Music Awards and have received two Brit Award nominations . The Script have sold over 20 million albums worldwide ."}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '146', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hunky Dory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hunky_Dory', 'summary': "Hunky Dory is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie , released on 17 December 1971 by RCA Records . It was his first release through RCA , which would be his label for the next decade . Following the hard rock sound of The Man Who Sold the World , Hunky Dory marked a move towards art rock and art pop styles . Co-produced by Ken Scott and Bowie himself , it was recorded in mid-1971 at Trident Studios in London and featured Rick Wakeman on piano and the musicians who would later be known as the Spiders from Mars - comprising Mick Ronson , Trevor Bolder and Mick Woodmansey . The album cover , photographed by Brian Ward and airbrushed by Terry Pastor , was influenced by a Marlene Dietrich photo book that Bowie took with him to the photoshoot . The album was initially released to favourable critical and commercial reception but was n't a major success until the commercial breakthrough of his following album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars ( 1972 ) . It was supported by the singles Changes in 1972 and Life on Mars ? in 1973 . Retrospectively , Hunky Dory has received critical acclaim and is regarded as one of Bowie 's best works . Time chose it as part of their 100 best albums of all time list in January 2010 , with journalist Josh Tyrangiel praising Bowie 's earthbound ambition to be a boho poet with prodigal style . The album has been reissued multiple times and remastered in 2015 as part of the Five Years ( 1969-1973 ) box set ."}]}, {'value': 'David Bowie', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '145', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_(Amy_Winehouse_album)', 'summary': "Frank is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse . It was released on 20 October 2003 by Island Records . Production for the album took place during 2002 to 2003 and was handled by Winehouse , Salaam Remi , Commissioner Gordon , Jimmy Hogarth and Matt Rowe . Its title alludes to the nature and tone of Winehouse 's lyrics on the album , as well as one of her influences , Frank Sinatra . Upon its release , Frank received generally positive reviews from most music critics and earned Winehouse several accolades , including an Ivor Novello Award . The album has sold over one million copies in the United Kingdom and has been certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Amy Winehouse', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '145', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Final Straw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Final_Straw', 'summary': 'Final Straw is the third studio album and major-label debut by British rock band Snow Patrol , released on 4 August 2003 in the United Kingdom and Ireland and in 2004 in the United States . The album is notable for bringing the band their first mainstream success outside of their native countries of Northern Ireland and Scotland . In the 14 months following its release , a total of 5 singles were drawn from it . It is the first album to feature lead guitarist Nathan Connolly and the last to feature bassist Mark McClelland . The album was re-released in the UK in 2004 with two extra tracks , before being exported to the U.S. ( without the bonus tracks ) . The album was also released on SACD and DualDisc with 5.1 Surround mixes .'}]}, {'value': 'Snow Patrol', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '144', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Seldom Seen Kid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Seldom_Seen_Kid', 'summary': 'The Seldom Seen Kid is the fourth studio album by English rock band Elbow . It was released by Fiction Records on 17 March 2008 in the United Kingdom and was released by Geffen Records on 22 April 2008 in the United States . The album debuted at number five on the UK Albums Chart and won the Mercury Prize in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'Elbow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elbow_(band)', 'summary': 'Elbow are an English rock band formed in Bury , Manchester , in 1997 . The band consists of Guy Garvey ( lead vocals , guitar ) , Craig Potter ( keyboard , piano , backing vocals ) , Mark Potter ( guitar , backing vocals ) and Pete Turner ( bass guitar , backing vocals ) . They have played together since 1990 , adopting the name Elbow in 1997 . Drummer Alex Reeves replaced Richard Jupp first as session performer in 2016 and then officially in 2019 . The band have released eight studio albums , Asleep in the Back ( 2001 ) , Cast of Thousands ( 2003 ) , Leaders of the Free World ( 2005 ) , The Seldom Seen Kid ( 2008 ) , Build a Rocket Boys ! ( 2011 ) , The Take Off and Landing of Everything ( 2014 ) , Little Fictions ( 2017 ) , and Giants of All Sizes ( 2019 ) . Their studio albums , as well as their B-sides compilation Dead in the Boot ( 2012 ) , all reached the top 15 of the British album chart . Seven of their singles placed in the top 40 of the British singles chart . Their most recent album , Giants of All Sizes , was released on 11 October 2019 . In 2008 , Elbow won the Mercury Music Prize for their album The Seldom Seen Kid , and in 2009 they won the Brit Award for Best British Group . In 2012 , they released First Steps , the BBC theme for the 2012 London Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '144', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Phantom of the Opera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Phantom_of_the_Opera_(1986_musical)', 'summary': "The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber , lyrics by Charles Hart , and a book by Lloyd Webber and Richard Stilgoe . Based on the French novel of the same name by Gaston Leroux , its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano , Christine Daaé , who becomes the obsession of a mysterious , disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Paris Opéra House . The musical opened in London 's West End at Her Majesty 's Theatre in 1986 , and on Broadway in 1988 . It won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical , and Michael Crawford ( in the title role ) won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical . It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a wide margin , and celebrated its 10,000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012 , the first production ever to do so . It is the second longest-running West End musical , after Les Misérables , and the third longest-running West End show overall , after The Mousetrap . With total estimated worldwide gross receipts of over $ 5.6 billion and total Broadway gross of $ 845 million , Phantom was the most financially successful entertainment event until The Lion King surpassed it in 2014 . By 2011 , it had been seen by over 130 million people in 145 cities across 27 countries , and continues to play in London and New York ."}]}, {'value': 'Original Cast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '143', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halcyon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halcyon_(album)', 'summary': "Halcyon is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Ellie Goulding . It was released on 5 October 2012 by Polydor Records . The album was recorded between 2011 and 2012 , during promotion for her debut album , Lights ( 2010 ) . Goulding worked with several producers on the album , including Jim Eliot , Starsmith , Billboard , Justin Parker , Monsta , Madeon and Mike Spencer , in addition to collaborating with artists such as Tinie Tempah and Calvin Harris . Halcyon received generally positive reviews from music critics , who complimented Goulding 's more aggressive showcase of her voice and the album 's bold production . The album debuted at number two on the UK Albums Chart , selling 33,425 copies in its first week . In January 2014 , it topped the UK Albums Chart and gave Goulding her second number-one album . Halcyon also debuted at number nine on the Billboard 200 in the United States , while reaching number one in Ireland , the top five in New Zealand , and the top 10 in Canada , Germany and Switzerland . Anything Could Happen was released as the lead single from Halcyon on 17 August 2012 , peaking at number five on the UK Singles Chart . Figure 8 was released as the album 's second single , peaking at number 33 on the UK Singles Chart and number seven on the New Zealand Singles Chart . The album 's third single , Explosions , peaked at number 13 on the UK chart . To further promote the album , Goulding embarked on a nine-day promotional tour across the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Ellie Goulding', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellie_Goulding', 'summary': "Elena Jane Goulding ( /ˈɡoʊldɪŋ/ GOHL-ding ; born 30 December 1986 ) is an English singer and songwriter . Her career began when she met record producers Starsmith and Frankmusik , and she was later spotted by Jamie Lillywhite , who later became her manager and A & R . After signing to Polydor Records in July 2009 , Goulding released her debut extended play , An Introduction to Ellie Goulding later that year . In 2010 , she became the second artist to top the BBC 's annual Sound of . poll and win the Critics ' Choice Award at the Brit Awards in the same year . She released her debut studio album , Lights , in 2010 ; it debuted at No . 1 on the UK Albums Chart and has sold over 850,000 copies in the United Kingdom . In November 2010 , the album was reissued as Bright Lights , which spawned two singles : a cover of Elton John 's Your Song which was selected for the first John Lewis Christmas advert , reached No . 2 on the UK Singles Chart , and Lights , which became Goulding 's highest-charting single on the US Billboard Hot 100 to date , peaking at No . 2 . Goulding 's second studio album , Halcyon , was released in October 2012 . Anything Could Happen preceded the album as the lead single ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '143', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Black and White Minstrel Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Black_and_White_Minstrel_Show', 'summary': "The Black and White Minstrel Show was a British light entertainment show that ran for twenty years on BBC prime-time television . Beginning in 1958 , it was a weekly variety show which presented traditional American minstrel and country songs , as well as show tunes and music hall numbers , lavishly costumed . It was also a popular stage show , running for ten years from 1962 to 1972 at the Victoria Palace Theatre , London . This was followed by tours of Australia and New Zealand . The show was accused of racism and ethnic stereotyping by black anti-racist groups in the UK , such as the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination , due to its use of blackface . This racial controversy led to the programme 's eventual cancellation from television in 1978 ."}]}, {'value': 'George Mitchell Minstrels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Mitchell_Minstrels', 'summary': "The Black and White Minstrel Show was a British light entertainment show that ran for twenty years on BBC prime-time television . Beginning in 1958 , it was a weekly variety show which presented traditional American minstrel and country songs , as well as show tunes and music hall numbers , lavishly costumed . It was also a popular stage show , running for ten years from 1962 to 1972 at the Victoria Palace Theatre , London . This was followed by tours of Australia and New Zealand . The show was accused of racism and ethnic stereotyping by black anti-racist groups in the UK , such as the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination , due to its use of blackface . This racial controversy led to the programme 's eventual cancellation from television in 1978 ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '142', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Decade in the Sun : Best of Stereophonics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Decade_in_the_Sun:_Best_of_Stereophonics', 'summary': "Decade in the Sun : Best of Stereophonics is a compilation album of greatest hits by Stereophonics . It features tracks from all six of the band 's previous albums , beginning from the 1997 debut release , Word Gets Around , all the way through to 2007 's Pull the Pin , plus two brand new songs , You 're My Star and My Own Worst Enemy . You 're My Star was also released as a single . The two-disc album features five songs from Just Enough Education to Perform , seven songs from Performance and Cocktails , seven songs from Word Gets Around , four songs from Language . Sex . Violence . Other ? , six songs from You Got ta Go There to Come Back , four songs from Pull the Pin , one song from Reload , two b-sides , two non-album singles and two new songs for this album . The one-disc album features five songs from Just Enough Education to Perform , four songs from Performance and Cocktails , four songs from Word Gets Around , three songs from Language . Sex . Violence . Other ? , one song from You Got ta Go There to Come Back , one song from Pull the Pin and two new songs for this album ."}]}, {'value': 'Stereophonics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '142', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Slippery When Wet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slippery_When_Wet', 'summary': "Slippery When Wet is the third studio album by American rock band Bon Jovi . It was released on August 18 , 1986 by Mercury Records in North America and Vertigo Records internationally . It was produced by Bruce Fairbairn , with recording sessions between January and July 1986 at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . Slippery When Wet was an instant commercial success . Its songs are considered Bon Jovi 's best known , including You Give Love a Bad Name , Livin ' on a Prayer , and Wanted Dead or Alive . The album spent eight weeks at No . 1 on the U.S . Billboard 200 chart and was named by Billboard as the top-selling album of 1987 . Slippery When Wet is Bon Jovi 's best-selling album to date , with an RIAA certification of 12× Platinum , making it one of the top 100 best-selling albums in the United States . The album was featured in the 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die ."}]}, {'value': 'Bon Jovi', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '141', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunny Side Up', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunny_Side_Up_(Paolo_Nutini_album)', 'summary': "Sunny Side Up is the second studio album by Scottish singer and songwriter Paolo Nutini , released on 29 May 2009 in Ireland and 1 June 2009 in the United Kingdom . Nutini and his band , the Vipers , toured the United States briefly before a UK tour prior to the album 's release . The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart . Nutini recorded the album himself with his band the Vipers , with Ethan Johns contributing mixing and production . The album features guest appearances from trombonist Rico Rodriguez and ? uestlove . The album was the eighth best-selling album in the United Kingdom of 2009 and the sixth of 2010 . On 3 January 2010 , Sunny Side Up topped the UK Albums Chart for a second time , making it the first number-one album in the United Kingdom of 2010 and the decade . On 19 February 2010 , Colin Farrell presented Nutini with Best International Album for Sunny Side Up at the 2010 Meteor Awards . On 20 May 2010 , Sunny Side Up won Best Album at the Ivor Novello Awards . The album was nominated for MasterCard British Album at the 2010 BRIT Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Paolo Nutini', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '141', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hybrid Theory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hybrid_Theory', 'summary': "Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park , released on October 24 , 2000 , through Warner Bros. Records . Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood , California , and produced by Don Gilmore , the album 's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence , including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents . Hybrid Theory takes its title from the previous name of the band as well as the concept of music theory and combining different styles . Four singles were released from Hybrid Theory : One Step Closer , Crawling , Papercut , and In the End , all of them being responsible for launching Linkin Park into mainstream popularity . While In the End was the most successful of the four , all of the singles in the album remain some of the band 's most successful songs to date . Although Runaway , Points of Authority , and My December from the special edition bonus disc album were not released as singles , they were minor hits on alternative rock radio stations thanks to the success of all of the band 's singles and the album . Generally receiving positive reviews from critics upon its release , Hybrid Theory became a strong commercial success . Peaking at number two on the US Billboard 200 , it is certified 11x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . It also reached the top 10 in 15 other countries and has sold 30 million copies worldwide , making it the best-selling debut album since Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction ( 1987 ) and the best-selling rock album of the 21st century . At the 44th Grammy Awards , it won Best Hard Rock Performance for Crawling . In 2002 , Linkin Park released the remix album Reanimation . It included the songs of Hybrid Theory remixed and reinterpreted by nu metal and underground hip hop artists ."}]}, {'value': 'Linkin Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linkin_Park', 'summary': "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . The band 's current lineup comprises vocalist/rhythm guitarist Mike Shinoda , lead guitarist Brad Delson , bassist Dave Farrell , DJ/keyboardist Joe Hahn and drummer Rob Bourdon , all of whom are founding members . Vocalists Mark Wakefield and Chester Bennington and bassist Kyle Christner are former members of the band . Categorized as alternative rock , Linkin Park has experimented with their music throughout their career by incorporating heavy metal , hard rock , hip hop , pop , and electronica . Formed in 1996 , Linkin Park rose to international fame with their debut studio album , Hybrid Theory ( 2000 ) , which became certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Their second album , Meteora ( 2003 ) , continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work . Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in their first two albums , the band explored other genres on their third album , Minutes to Midnight ( 2007 ) , which also topped the Billboard 200 . Linkin Park continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns ( 2010 ) , layering their music with more electronic sounds . The band 's fifth album , Living Things ( 2012 ) , combined musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party ( 2014 ) , returned to a heavier rock sound , and their seventh album , One More Light ( 2017 ) , is a more electronic and pop-oriented record . Linkin Park is among the best-selling bands of the 21st century and the world 's best-selling music artists , having sold over 100 million records worldwide . They have won two Grammy Awards , six American Music Awards , four MTV Video Music Awards and three World Music Awards ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '141', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greatest Hits', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Eurythmics_album)', 'summary': "Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by the British pop music duo Eurythmics . It was released on 18 March 1991 by RCA Records and contains their successful singles spanning the years 1982 through 1990 . It was enormously successful , topping the charts in the United Kingdom for a total of 10 weeks and in Australia for seven weeks . It remains the duo 's best-selling album worldwide and has been certified six-times platinum in the United Kingdom and triple platinum in the United States . The original European version of the album contains 18 tracks , while the version released in the US contains only 14 . The five songs omitted from the US edition are Right by Your Side , Sexcrime ( Nineteen Eighty-Four ) , It 's Alright ( Baby 's Coming Back ) , You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart and The Miracle of Love , while The King and Queen of America is added . The track order also differs . Neither the European nor the US version of Greatest Hits contains their top-30 singles Beethoven ( I Love to Listen To ) or Revival . This greatest hits collection was superseded by Ultimate Collection released in 2005 , which does not contain Sexcrime ( Nineteen Eighty-Four ) or any songs from We Too Are One ( 1989 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Eurythmics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eurythmics', 'summary': "Eurythmics were a British pop duo consisting of members Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart . Stewart and Lennox were both previously in the band the Tourists , which broke up in 1980 ; the Eurythmics were formed later that year in Wagga Wagga , Australia . The duo released their first studio album , In the Garden , in 1981 to little success , but went on to achieve global success when their second album Sweet Dreams ( Are Made of This ) , was released in 1983 . The title track became a worldwide hit which topped the charts in various countries including the US . The duo went on to release a string of hit singles and albums before they split up in 1990 . By this time Stewart was a sought-after record producer , while Lennox began a solo recording career in 1992 with her debut album Diva . After almost a decade apart , the Eurythmics reunited to record their ninth album , Peace , released in late 1999 . They reunited again in 2005 to release the single I 've Got a Life , as part of a new Eurythmics compilation album , Ultimate Collection . The duo have won an MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist in 1984 , the Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1987 , the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music in 1999 , and in 2005 were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame . The Eurythmics have sold an estimated 75 million records worldwide . In 2017 , the group was nominated for induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame , and were nominated again in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '140', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Colour of My Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Colour_of_My_Love', 'summary': 'The Colour of My Love is the third English-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion . It was released by Columbia Records/550 Music on 9 November 1993 . The songs were produced mainly by David Foster , Ric Wake , Guy Roche , Walter Afanasieff and Christopher Neil , and four of them were written by Diane Warren . The album features cover versions of The Power of Love and When I Fall in Love . After its release , The Colour of My Love received generally mixed reviews from music critics but became a commercial success , topping the charts in Canada , Australia , the United Kingdom and a few other European countries , and reaching the top ten elsewhere , including number four in the United States . The Colour of My Love has shipped six million units in the United States and has sold over 1.8 million copies in the United Kingdom , 1.5 million in Canada and over one million units in Japan . It remains one of the best-selling albums of all time with worldwide sales of twenty million copies . Singles released from the album include the US number one The Power of Love , the UK number one Think Twice , and the Japanese chart topper To Love You More , which was included on the 1995 re-release of The Colour of My Love in Japan . Each of these singles sold over one million copies in these countries . The Colour of My Love won two Juno Awards for Album of the Year and Best Selling Album ( Foreign or Domestic ) , and also received the IRMA Award for Best International Female Artist Album . Think Twice won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically and To Love You More received the International Single Grand Prix at the Japan Gold Disc Award . When I Fall in Love won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal ( s ) and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals in 1994 .'}]}, {'value': 'Celine Dion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Celine_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '140', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '125 to 149 weeks', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_albums_which_have_spent_the_most_weeks_on_the_UK_Albums_Chart_2', 'intro': "The following is a list of all albums that have spent at least 100 weeks on the UK Albums Chart as published by the Official Charts Company (OCC). The chart comprises a top 100 from August 1981 to 1988 and since 1994, a top 75 before this (and from 1988 to 1994) from 1978 and various lengths before this from July 1956. Re-releases - such as remasters, re-issues, deluxe versions or anniversary editions - are treated together unless the re-released version differs significantly from the original (for example, it has been re-recorded or remixed). This list does not include compilation albums by various artists, which have been excluded from the UK Albums Chart since 1989. Soundtracks are still included if they are an original cast performance or if all tracks are performed by the same artist. The top three are all compilation albums, headed by Queen's Greatest Hits which has spent 872 weeks in the top 100 (593 of them in the top 75) as an individual album and a further 92 as part of a box set with Greatest Hits II and Greatest Hits III called The Platinum Collection. Excluding multiple album box sets, ABBA Gold: Greatest Hits has the most weeks at 910 (582 in the top 75). The most weeks for a studio album is 815 for Rumours by Fleetwood Mac (571 in the top 75) which charted every year from its release in 1977 until 1989 and in fifteen different years since then. Amy Winehouse's 2006 album Back to Black has the most weeks for a post-2000 release, charting for 408 weeks to date (293 in the top 75), though this total includes 55 weeks for the deluxe edition and 1 week for the box set that includes Back to Black and Winehouse's debut album Frank. The original soundtrack of South Pacific has the most weeks at number 1, with 115. The most weeks by an album not reaching number 1 is 534 for Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd and the most weeks by an album not reaching the top 10 is 130 for Blue Lines by Massive Attack. Dire Straits, Michael Jackson and U2 jointly hold the record for most albums to reach 100 weeks on chart, with five each."}
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What city was the group behind the album The Script formed in ?
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Dublin
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Metheny_discography', 'title': 'Pat Metheny discography', 'header': ['Title', 'Year', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Shadows and Light', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shadows_and_Light_(Joni_Mitchell_album)', 'summary': "Shadows and Light is a 1980 live double album by the Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell . It was recorded at the Santa Barbara Bowl in September 1979 on Mitchell 's Mingus tour . It was released on CD October 25 , 1990 by Elektra/Wea/Rhino . A film of the concert was also released on VHS , LaserDisc and DVD ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joni Mitchell album with Lyle Mays , Jaco Pastorius , Michael Brecker , and Don Alias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joni_Mitchell', 'summary': "Roberta Joan Joni Mitchell CC ( née Anderson ; born November 7 , 1943 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter . Drawing from folk , pop , rock , and jazz , Mitchell 's songs often reflect social and environmental ideals as well as her feelings about romance , confusion , disillusionment , and joy . She has received many accolades , including nine Grammy Awards and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 . Rolling Stone called her one of the greatest songwriters ever , and AllMusic has stated , When the dust settles , Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century . Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , and throughout western Canada , before busking in the streets and nightclubs of Toronto , Ontario . In 1965 , she moved to the United States and began touring . Some of her original songs ( Urge for Going , Chelsea Morning , Both Sides , Now , The Circle Game ) were covered by other folk singers , allowing her to sign with Reprise Records and record her debut album , Song to a Seagull , in 1968 . Settling in Southern California , Mitchell , with popular songs like Big Yellow Taxi and Woodstock , helped define an era and a generation . Her 1971 album Blue is often cited as one of the best albums of all time ; it was rated the 30th best album ever made in Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . In 2000 , The New York Times chose Blue as one of the 25 albums that represented turning points and pinnacles in 20th-century popular music . In 2017 , NPR ranked Blue number 1 on a list of Greatest Albums Made By Women . Mitchell 's fifth album , For the Roses , was released in 1972 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lyle_Mays', 'summary': "Lyle David Mays ( November 27 , 1953 - February 10 , 2020 ) was an American jazz pianist and composer best known as a member of the Pat Metheny Group . Metheny and Mays composed and arranged nearly all of the group 's music , for which Mays won eleven Grammy Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jaco_Pastorius', 'summary': 'John Francis Anthony Jaco Pastorius III ( /ˈdʒɑːkoʊ pæˈstɔːriəs/ ; December 1 , 1951 - September 21 , 1987 ) was an American jazz bassist who was a member of Weather Report from 1976 to 1981 . He worked with Pat Metheny and Joni Mitchell , and recorded albums as a solo artist and band leader . His bass playing employed funk , lyrical solos , bass chords , and innovative harmonics . As of 2017 , he is the only electric bassist of seven bassists inducted into the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame , and has been lauded as one of the best electric bassists of all time . Pastorius suffered from drug addiction and mental health problems throughout his professional life , and despite his widespread acclaim had problems over the latter part of his life holding down jobs due to his unreliability . In frequent financial trouble , he was often homeless throughout the mid 1980s . In 1987 , he got into a fight outside of a music club in South Florida and died as result of injuries sustained in the fight . After his death , his work continued to influence musicians , being elected to the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 1988 . He was the subject of the 2014 documentary film Jaco .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker', 'summary': 'Michael Leonard Brecker ( March 29 , 1949 - January 13 , 2007 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer . He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004 , and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Don_Alias', 'summary': "Charles Don Alias ( December 25 , 1939 in New York City - March 28 , 2006 in New York City ) was an American jazz percussionist . Alias was best known for playing congas and other hand drums . He was , however , a capable drum kit performer : for example , Alias played drums on the song Miles Runs the Voodoo Down from trumpeter Miles Davis 's album Bitches Brew ( 1969 ) when neither Lenny White nor Jack DeJohnette was able to play the marching band-inspired rhythm requested by Davis . Alias performed on hundreds of recordings and was perhaps best known for his associations with Miles Davis and saxophonist David Sanborn , though he also performed or recorded with the group Weather Report , singer Joni Mitchell , pianist Herbie Hancock , the Brecker Brothers , Jaco Pastorius , Pat Metheny , Nina Simone and many others . Alias was born in New York City and arrived in Boston in the early 1960s intending to study medicine but , after playing congas in a number of local bands , made an abrupt career switch ."}]}, {'value': 'The Song Is You', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chick Corea album with Anthony Braxton , Lee Konitz , Miroslav Vitous , and Jack DeJohnette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chick_Corea', 'summary': "Armando Anthony Chick Corea ( born June 12 , 1941 ) is an American jazz pianist/electric keyboardist and composer . His compositions Spain , 500 Miles High , La Fiesta and Windows , are considered jazz standards . As a member of Miles Davis 's band in the late 1960s , he participated in the birth of jazz fusion . In the 1970s he formed the fusion band Return to Forever . With Herbie Hancock , McCoy Tyner , Keith Jarrett and Bill Evans , he has been described as one of the major jazz piano voices to emerge in the post-John Coltrane era . Corea continued to pursue other collaborations and to explore musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s . He is also known for promoting and fundraising for a number of social issues ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Braxton', 'summary': 'Anthony Braxton ( born June 4 , 1945 ) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist who is known in the genre of free jazz . Since the 1960s , he has released more than 100 albums . He plays many types of saxophone ( soprano , alto , tenor , baritone , bass , contrabass , sopranino , C-melody , mezzo-soprano ) and clarinet ( E-flat , B-flat , contrabass ) , in addition to flute , alto flute , and piano . Braxton studied philosophy at Roosevelt University . He taught at Mills College in the 1980s , and was Professor of Music at Wesleyan University from the 1990s until his retirement at the end of 2013 . He taught music composition and music history , with a concentration on the avant-garde , as well as leading ensembles in performances of his compositions . In 1994 , he was given a genius grant by the MacArthur Foundation . In 2013 , he was named a 2014 National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lee_Konitz', 'summary': "Lee Konitz ( born October 13 , 1927 ) is an American composer and alto saxophonist . He has performed successfully in a wide range of jazz styles , including bebop , cool jazz , and avant-garde jazz . Konitz 's association with the cool jazz movement of the 1940s and 1950s includes participation in Miles Davis 's Birth of the Cool sessions and his work with pianist Lennie Tristano . He was notable during this era as one of relatively few alto saxophonists to retain a distinctive style when Charlie Parker exerted a massive influence . Like other students of Tristano , Konitz was noted for improvising long , melodic lines with the rhythmic interest coming from odd accents , or odd note groupings suggestive of the imposition of one time signature over another . Other saxophonists were strongly influenced by Konitz , notably Paul Desmond and Art Pepper ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Miroslav_Vitous', 'summary': 'Miroslav Ladislav Vitouš ( born 6 December 1947 ) is a Czech jazz bassist who has had an extensive career in the US .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Day In - Night Out', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Metheny album with Dick Odgren , Rufus Reid , and Tommy Ruskin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Metheny', 'summary': "Mike Metheny ( /məˈθiːni/ mə-THEE-nee ; born August 28 , 1949 in Lee 's Summit , Missouri ) is an American jazz musician and music journalist . He is the brother of the jazz guitarist Pat Metheny . Mike Metheny studied music education at the University of Missouri School of Music and Northeast Missouri State University , then played trumpet in the U.S. Army Field Band , Washington D.C. ( 1971-74 ) . Following his time in the Army , he became an adjunct lecturer and assistant to the head of the trumpet department at the Berklee College of Music ( 1976-83 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rufus_Reid', 'summary': 'Rufus Reid ( born February 10 , 1944 , in Atlanta , Georgia ) is an American jazz bassist , educator , and composer .'}]}, {'value': 'Michael Brecker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker_(album)', 'summary': 'Michael Brecker is the debut album by American saxophonist Michael Brecker . It was released on the Impulse ! record label in 1987 .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Brecker album with Kenny Kirkland , Charlie Haden , and Jack DeJohnette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker', 'summary': 'Michael Leonard Brecker ( March 29 , 1949 - January 13 , 2007 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer . He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004 , and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kenny_Kirkland', 'summary': 'Kenneth David Kenny Kirkland ( September 28 , 1955 - November 12 , 1998 ) was an American pianist/keyboardist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlie_Haden', 'summary': "Charles Edward Haden ( August 6 , 1937 - July 11 , 2014 ) was an American jazz double bass player , bandleader , composer and educator whose career spanned more than fifty years . In the late 1950s , Haden was an original member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet . Haden revolutionized the harmonic concept of bass playing in jazz . German musicologist Joachim-Ernst Berendt wrote that Haden 's ability to create serendipitous harmonies by improvising melodic responses to Coleman 's free-form solos ( rather than sticking to predetermined harmonies ) was both radical and mesmerizing . His virtuosity lies…in an incredible ability to make the double bass 'sound out ' . Haden cultivated the instrument 's gravity as no one else in jazz . He is a master of simplicity which is one of the most difficult things to achieve . ) Haden played a vital role in this revolutionary new approach , evolving a way of playing that sometimes complemented the soloist and sometimes moved independently . In this respect , as did his predecessor bassists Jimmy Blanton and Charles Mingus , Haden helped liberate the bassist from a strictly accompanying role to becoming a more direct participant in group improvisation . In 1969 , he formed his first band , the Liberation Music Orchestra , featuring arrangements by pianist Carla Bley . In the late 1960s , he became a member of pianist Keith Jarrett 's trio , quartet and quintet . In the 1980s , he formed his band , Quartet West ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Electric Counterpoint', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Electric_Counterpoint', 'summary': "Electric Counterpoint is a minimalist composition by the American composer Steve Reich . The piece consists of three movements , Fast , Slow , and Fast . Reich has offered two versions of the piece : one for electric guitar and tape ( the tape part featuring two electric bass guitars and up to ten electric guitars ) , the other for an ensemble of guitars . The work shares similarities with Reich 's New York Counterpoint ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Reich album with Kronos Quartet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Reich', 'summary': "Stephen Michael Reich ( /raɪʃ/ born October 3 , 1936 ) is an American composer known for his contribution to the development of minimal music in the mid to late 1960s . Reich 's work is marked by its use of repetitive figures , slow harmonic rhythm , and canons . His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns , as on the early compositions It 's Gon na Rain ( 1965 ) and Come Out ( 1966 ) , and the use of simple , audible processes , as on Pendulum Music ( 1968 ) and Four Organs ( 1970 ) . The 1978 recording Music for 18 Musicians would help entrench minimalism as a movement . Reich 's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage , notably Different Trains ( 1988 ) . Reich 's style of composition has influenced many contemporary composers and groups , especially in the US . Writing in The Guardian , music critic Andrew Clements suggested that Reich is one of a handful of living composers who can legitimately claim to have altered the direction of musical history ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kronos_Quartet', 'summary': 'The Kronos Quartet is an American string quartet based in San Francisco . They have been in existence with a rotating membership of musicians for over forty years . The quartet covers a very broad range of musical genres , including contemporary classical music . More than 900 works have been written for them .'}]}, {'value': 'Parallel Realities', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parallel_Realities', 'summary': 'Parallel Realities is an album by Jack DeJohnette with Pat Metheny and Herbie Hancock recorded in 1990 and released on the MCA label . The Allmusic review by Ron Wynn states , An overlooked session with Pat Metheny ( g ) in definite jazz phase . Herbie Hancock shows his steadfast piano form .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack DeJohnette album with Herbie Hancock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herbie_Hancock', 'summary': "Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ( born April 12 , 1940 ) is an American pianist , keyboardist , bandleader , composer and actor . Hancock started his career with Donald Byrd . He shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet , where he helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound . In the 1970s , Hancock experimented with jazz fusion , funk , and electro styles . Hancock 's best-known compositions include the jazz standards Cantaloupe Island , Watermelon Man , Maiden Voyage , and Chameleon , as well as the hit singles I Thought It Was You and Rockit . His 2007 tribute album River : The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year , only the second jazz album to win the award , after Getz/Gilberto in 1965 ."}]}, {'value': 'Till We Have Faces', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces_(Gary_Thomas_album)', 'summary': "Till We Have Faces is the sixth album by saxophonist Gary Thomas which was recorded in 1992 and released on the JMT label . As with his previous album While the Gate Is Open ( 1990 ) , it features Thomas ' interpretations of eight jazz standards ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Thomas album with Tim Murphy , Anthony Cox , Ed Howard , Steve Moss , and Terri Lyne Carrington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Thomas_(musician)', 'summary': "Gary Thomas ( born June 10 , 1961 , Baltimore , Maryland ) is an American jazz saxophonist and flautist from Baltimore , Maryland . He was a member of Jack DeJohnette 's Special Edition band and has worked with John McLaughlin , Herbie Hancock , Pat Metheny , John Scofield , Jim Hall , Dave Holland , Greg Osby , Wayne Shorter , Ravi Coltrane , Cassandra Wilson , Wallace Roney , Steve Coleman , and Miles Davis . Thomas was the Director and Chair of Jazz Studies at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Cox_(musician)', 'summary': 'Anthony Cox ( born October 24 , 1954 ) is an American jazz bass player . He is known for his work with several leading musicians including Geri Allen , Dewey Redman , Dave Douglas , John Scofield , Pat Metheny , Gary Thomas , Marty Ehrlich , Ed Blackwell , Joe Lovano , and Dave King . He plays mainly in the post-bop , avant-garde , and traditional styles , though he is versatile enough to work in any style effectively . Cox grew up in Minneapolis and attended college at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire . Peter Madsen wrote that Cox is open to all kinds of great music from around the world and that his bass sound is full of beauty and warmth and his ability to accompany and still add very creative ideas into whatever music he is playing is remarkable . He is equally comfortable playing chord changes with a Stan Getz or Kenny Wheeler or playing open music with a Dewey Redman or Geri Allen .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Terri_Lyne_Carrington', 'summary': "Terri Lyne Carrington ( born August 4 , 1965 ) is an American jazz drummer , composer , singer , record producer , educator , and entrepreneur . She has played with Dizzy Gillespie , Stan Getz , Clark Terry , Herbie Hancock , Wayne Shorter , Joe Sample , Al Jarreau , Yellowjackets , and many others . She toured with each of Hancock 's musical configurations ( from electric to acoustic ) between 1997 and 2007 . In 2007 she was appointed professor at her alma mater , Berklee College of Music , where she received an honorary doctorate in 2003 . She has won three Grammy Awards , including a 2013 award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album , which established her as the first female musician to win a Grammy in this category . Carrington served as Artistic Director of the Berklee Beantown Jazz Festival , and currently serves as Founder and Artistic Director of the Berklee Institute of Jazz and Gender Justice ."}]}, {'value': 'Wish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wish_(Joshua_Redman_album)', 'summary': 'Wish is the second studio album by American jazz saxophonist Joshua Redman released in 1993 via Warner Bros. label .'}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joshua Redman album with Charlie Haden and Billy Higgins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joshua_Redman', 'summary': 'Joshua Redman ( born February 1 , 1969 ) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer . In 1991 , he won the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Saxophone Competition .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlie_Haden', 'summary': "Charles Edward Haden ( August 6 , 1937 - July 11 , 2014 ) was an American jazz double bass player , bandleader , composer and educator whose career spanned more than fifty years . In the late 1950s , Haden was an original member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet . Haden revolutionized the harmonic concept of bass playing in jazz . German musicologist Joachim-Ernst Berendt wrote that Haden 's ability to create serendipitous harmonies by improvising melodic responses to Coleman 's free-form solos ( rather than sticking to predetermined harmonies ) was both radical and mesmerizing . His virtuosity lies…in an incredible ability to make the double bass 'sound out ' . Haden cultivated the instrument 's gravity as no one else in jazz . He is a master of simplicity which is one of the most difficult things to achieve . ) Haden played a vital role in this revolutionary new approach , evolving a way of playing that sometimes complemented the soloist and sometimes moved independently . In this respect , as did his predecessor bassists Jimmy Blanton and Charles Mingus , Haden helped liberate the bassist from a strictly accompanying role to becoming a more direct participant in group improvisation . In 1969 , he formed his first band , the Liberation Music Orchestra , featuring arrangements by pianist Carla Bley . In the late 1960s , he became a member of pianist Keith Jarrett 's trio , quartet and quintet . In the 1980s , he formed his band , Quartet West ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Higgins', 'summary': 'Billy Higgins ( October 11 , 1936 - May 3 , 2001 ) was an American jazz drummer . He played mainly free jazz and hard bop .'}]}, {'value': 'Parallel Realities Live', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jack DeJohnette album with Herbie Hancock and Dave Holland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herbie_Hancock', 'summary': "Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ( born April 12 , 1940 ) is an American pianist , keyboardist , bandleader , composer and actor . Hancock started his career with Donald Byrd . He shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet , where he helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound . In the 1970s , Hancock experimented with jazz fusion , funk , and electro styles . Hancock 's best-known compositions include the jazz standards Cantaloupe Island , Watermelon Man , Maiden Voyage , and Chameleon , as well as the hit singles I Thought It Was You and Rockit . His 2007 tribute album River : The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year , only the second jazz album to win the award , after Getz/Gilberto in 1965 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dave_Holland', 'summary': "Dave Holland ( born 1 October 1946 ) is an English jazz double bassist , composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades . He has lived in the United States for over 40 years . His work ranges from pieces for solo performance to big band . Holland runs his own independent record label , Dare2 , which he launched in 2005 . He has explained his musical philosophy by quoting fellow jazz artist Sam Rivers : Sam said , 'Do n't leave anything out - play all of it . ' Holland has played with some of the greatest names in jazz , and has participated in several classic recording sessions ."}]}, {'value': 'Noa', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Achinoam Nini album with Gil Goldstein , Lyle Mays , Rob Eaton , Gil Dor , Steve Rodby , Steve Ferrone , Luis Conte , and Danny Gottlieb ,', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Achinoam_Nini', 'summary': 'Achinoam Nini , is an Israeli singer . She is accompanied by guitarist Gil Dor and often plays the conga drums as she sings . Nini represented Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2009 together with singer Mira Awad , with the song There Must Be Another Way . She is a well-known Radical-left supporter in Israel . [ citation needed ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gil_Goldstein', 'summary': 'Gil Goldstein ( born November 6 , 1950 in Baltimore , Maryland ) is an American jazz pianist and accordionist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lyle_Mays', 'summary': "Lyle David Mays ( November 27 , 1953 - February 10 , 2020 ) was an American jazz pianist and composer best known as a member of the Pat Metheny Group . Metheny and Mays composed and arranged nearly all of the group 's music , for which Mays won eleven Grammy Awards ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rob_Eaton', 'summary': 'Rob Eaton is an American guitarist . He is best known for his work with the renowned Grateful Dead tribute band , Dark Star Orchestra , of which he has been a member since 2001 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gil_Dor', 'summary': 'Gil Dor ( Hebrew : גיל דור , born December 12 , 1952 ) is an Israeli guitar player mostly known for his long term collaboration as accompanist , arranger , producer and co-composer with international concert and recording artist Achinoam Nini , also known as Noa .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Steve_Rodby', 'summary': 'Steve Rodby ( born December 9 , 1954 in Joliet , Illinois ) is an American jazz bassist and producer known for his time with the Pat Metheny Group .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Steve_Ferrone', 'summary': 'Stephen Ferrone ( born 25 April 1950 ) is an English drummer known as a member of the rock band Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers from 1994-2017 , replacing original drummer Stan Lynch , and as part of the classic lineup of the Average White Band in the 1970s . Ferrone has recorded and performed with George Harrison , Duran Duran , Stevie Nicks , Laura Pausini , Christine McVie , Slash , Chaka Khan , Eric Clapton , Bee Gees , Scritti Politti , Aerosmith , Al Jarreau and Johnny Cash .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Luis_Conte', 'summary': "Luis Conte ( born 16 November 1954 ) is a Cuban percussionist who has backed acts such as James Taylor , Madonna , Pat Metheny Group , Eric Clapton , Carlos Santana , Phil Collins , Rod Stewart and Shakira . He immigrated to Los Angeles in 1967 , where he attended Los Angeles City College studying music , and entrenched himself in the music community . Conte began his music career as a studio musician for Latin Jazz acts like Caldera . His live performance and touring career took off when he joined Madonna 's touring band in the 1980s . To date , Conte has built an extremely successful career including a run composing and playing in ABC TVs Dancing with the Stars band , among dozens or hundreds of other tv and film projects ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Danny_Gottlieb', 'summary': "Danny Gottlieb ( born April 18 , 1953 ) is an American drummer . He is probably best known as the original drummer of the Pat Metheny Group , as co-founder of the group Elements with Mark Egan , and as a member of the Gil Evans Orchestra until Evans 's death in 1988 . He also toured and recorded with the Blues Brothers Band , the George Gruntz Concert Jazz Band , and the WDR , NDR , SWR , and HR Radio bands of Germany . In 2004 he became the drummer for Gary Sinise 's Lt. Dan Band . Gottlieb has performed on over 400 albums , earning 14 Grammy Award nominations and four wins . He is a member of the University of North Florida faculty , where he teaches as a full-time Professor of Jazz Studies ."}]}, {'value': 'Dream Teams', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sonny Rollins album with Alphonso Johnson and Jack Dejohnette Disc : 2 Charlie Haden album with Billy Higgins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sonny_Rollins', 'summary': 'Walter Theodore Sonny Rollins ( born September 7 , 1930 ) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist who is widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians . In a seven-decade career , he has recorded over sixty albums as a leader . A number of his compositions , including St. Thomas , Oleo , Doxy , Pent-Up House , and Airegin , have become jazz standards . Rollins has been called the greatest living improviser and the Saxophone Colossus .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alphonso_Johnson', 'summary': 'Alphonso Johnson ( born February 2 , 1951 ) is an American jazz bassist active since the early 1970s . Johnson was a member of the influential jazz fusion group Weather Report from 1973 to 1975 , and has performed and recorded with numerous high-profile rock and jazz acts including Santana , Phil Collins , members of the Grateful Dead , and Chet Baker .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jack_Dejohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlie_Haden', 'summary': "Charles Edward Haden ( August 6 , 1937 - July 11 , 2014 ) was an American jazz double bass player , bandleader , composer and educator whose career spanned more than fifty years . In the late 1950s , Haden was an original member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet . Haden revolutionized the harmonic concept of bass playing in jazz . German musicologist Joachim-Ernst Berendt wrote that Haden 's ability to create serendipitous harmonies by improvising melodic responses to Coleman 's free-form solos ( rather than sticking to predetermined harmonies ) was both radical and mesmerizing . His virtuosity lies…in an incredible ability to make the double bass 'sound out ' . Haden cultivated the instrument 's gravity as no one else in jazz . He is a master of simplicity which is one of the most difficult things to achieve . ) Haden played a vital role in this revolutionary new approach , evolving a way of playing that sometimes complemented the soloist and sometimes moved independently . In this respect , as did his predecessor bassists Jimmy Blanton and Charles Mingus , Haden helped liberate the bassist from a strictly accompanying role to becoming a more direct participant in group improvisation . In 1969 , he formed his first band , the Liberation Music Orchestra , featuring arrangements by pianist Carla Bley . In the late 1960s , he became a member of pianist Keith Jarrett 's trio , quartet and quintet . In the 1980s , he formed his band , Quartet West ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Higgins', 'summary': 'Billy Higgins ( October 11 , 1936 - May 3 , 2001 ) was an American jazz drummer . He played mainly free jazz and hard bop .'}]}, {'value': 'Te Vou !', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Haynes album with David Kikoski , Christian McBride , and Donald Harrison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Haynes', 'summary': 'Roy Owen Haynes ( born March 13 , 1925 ) is an American jazz drummer and group leader . Haynes is among the most recorded drummers in jazz , and in a career lasting over 70 years has played in a wide range of styles ranging from swing and bebop to jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz . Snap Crackle was a nickname given him in the 1950s . He has also led his own groups , some performing under the name Hip Ensemble . His recordings as a leader , Fountain of Youth and Whereas , were nominated for a Grammy Award . He continues to perform worldwide and was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999 . His son Graham Haynes is a cornetist ; his son Craig Haynes and grandson Marcus Gilmore are both drummers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/David_Kikoski', 'summary': 'Dave Kikoski ( born September 29 , 1961 ) is an American jazz pianist and keyboardist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christian_McBride', 'summary': "Christian McBride ( born May 31 , 1972 ) is an American jazz bassist , composer and arranger . He has appeared on more than 300 recordings as a sideman , and is a six-time Grammy Award winner . McBride has performed and recorded with a number of jazz musicians and ensembles , including Freddie Hubbard , McCoy Tyner , Herbie Hancock , Pat Metheny , Joe Henderson , Diana Krall , Roy Haynes , Chick Corea , Wynton Marsalis , Eddie Palmieri , Joshua Redman , and Ray Brown 's SuperBass with John Clayton , as well as with pop , hip-hop , soul and classical musicians like Sting , Paul McCartney , Celine Dion , Isaac Hayes , The Roots , Queen Latifah , Kathleen Battle , Renee Fleming , Carly Simon , Bruce Hornsby , and James Brown ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Donald_Harrison', 'summary': 'Donald Harrison Jr. ( born June 23 , 1960 ) is a jazz saxophonist from New Orleans , Louisiana . He is married to Mary Alicė Spears-Harrison and the father of Victoria Harrison .'}]}, {'value': 'Blues for Pat : Live In San Francisco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blues_for_Pat:_Live_In_San_Francisco', 'summary': 'Blues For Pat : Live In San Francisco , is a live album by The Joshua Redman Quartet featuring Pat Metheny , Christian McBride and Billy Higgins , released in 1995 ( JD 1282 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Joshua Redman Quartet album with Christian McBride and Billy Higgins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joshua_Redman', 'summary': 'Joshua Redman ( born February 1 , 1969 ) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer . In 1991 , he won the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Saxophone Competition .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Christian_McBride', 'summary': "Christian McBride ( born May 31 , 1972 ) is an American jazz bassist , composer and arranger . He has appeared on more than 300 recordings as a sideman , and is a six-time Grammy Award winner . McBride has performed and recorded with a number of jazz musicians and ensembles , including Freddie Hubbard , McCoy Tyner , Herbie Hancock , Pat Metheny , Joe Henderson , Diana Krall , Roy Haynes , Chick Corea , Wynton Marsalis , Eddie Palmieri , Joshua Redman , and Ray Brown 's SuperBass with John Clayton , as well as with pop , hip-hop , soul and classical musicians like Sting , Paul McCartney , Celine Dion , Isaac Hayes , The Roots , Queen Latifah , Kathleen Battle , Renee Fleming , Carly Simon , Bruce Hornsby , and James Brown ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Higgins', 'summary': 'Billy Higgins ( October 11 , 1936 - May 3 , 2001 ) was an American jazz drummer . He played mainly free jazz and hard bop .'}]}, {'value': 'Pursuance', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenny Garrett album with Rodney Whitaker and Brian Blade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenny_Garrett', 'summary': "Kenny Garrett ( born October 9 , 1960 ) is an American post-bop jazz saxophonist and flautist who gained recognition in his youth as a member of the Duke Ellington Orchestra and of Miles Davis 's band . Since then , he has pursued a solo career ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rodney_Whitaker', 'summary': 'Rodney Whitaker ( born February 22 , 1968 ) is an American jazz double bass player and educator .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brian_Blade', 'summary': 'Brian Blade ( born July 25 , 1970 ) is an American jazz drummer , composer , session musician , and singer-songwriter .'}]}, {'value': 'Tales from the Hudson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tales_from_the_Hudson', 'summary': "Tales from the Hudson is Michael Brecker 's fourth album as a leader . It was recorded at the Power Station in New York City . It was recorded in 1996 . The album also won Brecker two Grammy awards for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo ( for his solo on Cabin Fever ) and Best Jazz Instrumental Album , Individual or Group ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Brecker album with Joey Calderazzo , McCoy Tyner , Dave Holland , Don Alias , and Jack DeJohnette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker', 'summary': 'Michael Leonard Brecker ( March 29 , 1949 - January 13 , 2007 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer . He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004 , and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Joey_Calderazzo', 'summary': 'Joseph Dominick Calderazzo ( born February 27 , 1965 ) is a jazz pianist and brother of musician Gene Calderazzo . He played extensively in bands led by Michael Brecker and Branford Marsalis , and has also led his own bands .'}, {'url': '/wiki/McCoy_Tyner', 'summary': 'Alfred McCoy Tyner ( born December 11 , 1938 ) is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet and a long solo career .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dave_Holland', 'summary': "Dave Holland ( born 1 October 1946 ) is an English jazz double bassist , composer and bandleader who has been performing and recording for five decades . He has lived in the United States for over 40 years . His work ranges from pieces for solo performance to big band . Holland runs his own independent record label , Dare2 , which he launched in 2005 . He has explained his musical philosophy by quoting fellow jazz artist Sam Rivers : Sam said , 'Do n't leave anything out - play all of it . ' Holland has played with some of the greatest names in jazz , and has participated in several classic recording sessions ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Don_Alias', 'summary': "Charles Don Alias ( December 25 , 1939 in New York City - March 28 , 2006 in New York City ) was an American jazz percussionist . Alias was best known for playing congas and other hand drums . He was , however , a capable drum kit performer : for example , Alias played drums on the song Miles Runs the Voodoo Down from trumpeter Miles Davis 's album Bitches Brew ( 1969 ) when neither Lenny White nor Jack DeJohnette was able to play the marching band-inspired rhythm requested by Davis . Alias performed on hundreds of recordings and was perhaps best known for his associations with Miles Davis and saxophonist David Sanborn , though he also performed or recorded with the group Weather Report , singer Joni Mitchell , pianist Herbie Hancock , the Brecker Brothers , Jaco Pastorius , Pat Metheny , Nina Simone and many others . Alias was born in New York City and arrived in Boston in the early 1960s intending to study medicine but , after playing congas in a number of local bands , made an abrupt career switch ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wilderness', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tony Williams album with Michael Brecker , Stanley Clarke , and Herbie Hancock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer)', 'summary': 'Anthony Tillmon Williams ( December 12 , 1945 - February 23 , 1997 ) was an American jazz drummer . Williams first gained fame in the band of trumpeter Miles Davis and pioneered jazz fusion . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1986 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker', 'summary': 'Michael Leonard Brecker ( March 29 , 1949 - January 13 , 2007 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer . He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004 , and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Stanley_Clarke', 'summary': 'Stanley Clarke ( born June 30 , 1951 ) is an American bassist , film composer and founding member of Return to Forever , one of the first jazz fusion bands . Clarke gave the bass guitar a prominence it lacked in jazz-related music . He is the first jazz-fusion bassist to headline tours , sell out shows worldwide and have recordings reach gold status . Clarke is a 4-time Grammy winner , and one of his electric basses is permanently on display at The Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington , D.C .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herbie_Hancock', 'summary': "Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ( born April 12 , 1940 ) is an American pianist , keyboardist , bandleader , composer and actor . Hancock started his career with Donald Byrd . He shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet , where he helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound . In the 1970s , Hancock experimented with jazz fusion , funk , and electro styles . Hancock 's best-known compositions include the jazz standards Cantaloupe Island , Watermelon Man , Maiden Voyage , and Chameleon , as well as the hit singles I Thought It Was You and Rockit . His 2007 tribute album River : The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year , only the second jazz album to win the award , after Getz/Gilberto in 1965 ."}]}, {'value': 'The Sound of Summer Running', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Sound_of_Summer_Running', 'summary': 'The Sound of Summer Running is a 1998 studio album by jazz bassist Marc Johnson released by Verve Records . The title was borrowed from a story by Ray Bradbury .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marc Johnson album with Bill Frisell and Joey Baron', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marc_Johnson_(musician)', 'summary': 'Marc Alan Johnson ( born October 21 , 1953 , in Omaha , Nebraska ) is an American jazz bass player , composer and band leader . Johnson was born in Nebraska and grew up in Texas . He is married to the Brazilian jazz pianist and singer Eliane Elias .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Frisell', 'summary': "William Richard Frisell ( born March 18 , 1951 ) is an American guitarist , composer and arranger . One of the leading guitarists in jazz since the late 1980s , Frisell came to prominence as a stalwart for ECM Records . He went on to work in a variety of contexts , notably as a member of the New York City Downtown Scene where he formed a long partnership with John Zorn . He was also a longtime member of Paul Motian 's groups from the early 1980s until Motian 's death in 2011 . Since 2000 , Frisell 's eclectic output as a bandleader has emphasized folk , country music , and Americana ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joey_Baron', 'summary': 'Bernard Joseph Baron ( born June 26 , 1955 in Richmond , Virginia ) is an American avant-garde jazz drummer who plays frequently with Bill Frisell and John Zorn .'}]}, {'value': 'The Elements : Water', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dave Liebman album with Cecil McBee and Billy Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dave_Liebman', 'summary': 'David Liebman ( born September 4 , 1946 ) is an American saxophonist and flautist . In June 2010 , he received a NEA Jazz Masters lifetime achievement award from the National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cecil_McBee', 'summary': 'Cecil McBee ( born May 19 , 1935 ) is an American jazz bassist . He has recorded as a leader only a handful of times since the 1970s , but has contributed as a sideman to a number of jazz albums .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Billy_Hart', 'summary': 'Billy Hart ( born November 29 , 1940 ) is an American jazz drummer and educator .'}]}, {'value': 'Time Is of the Essence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Time_Is_of_the_Essence', 'summary': "Time Is of the Essence is Michael Brecker 's sixth album as a leader . It was recorded at the Power Station and Right Track in New York City ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Brecker album with Larry Goldings , Bill Stewart , Elvin Jones , and Jeff Tain Watts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker', 'summary': 'Michael Leonard Brecker ( March 29 , 1949 - January 13 , 2007 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer . He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004 , and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Larry_Goldings', 'summary': 'Lawrence Sam Goldings ( born August 28 , 1968 ) is an American pianist , organist , and composer .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bill_Stewart_(musician)', 'summary': 'William Harris Stewart ( born October 18 , 1966 , in Des Moines , Iowa ) is an American jazz drummer . He has performed with Maceo Parker , John Scofield , Joe Lovano , Michael Brecker , Pat Metheny , Lonnie Smith , Nicholas Payton , Bill Carrothers , Steve Wilson , Seamus Blake , Larry Goldings and Peter Bernstein , and Jim Hall .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elvin_Jones', 'summary': "Elvin Ray Jones ( September 9 , 1927 - May 18 , 2004 ) was an American jazz drummer of the post-bop era . He showed an interest in drums at a young age , watching the circus bands march by his family 's home in Pontiac , Michigan . He served in the United States Army from 1946 to 1949 and subsequently played in a Detroit house band led by Billy Mitchell . He moved to New York City in 1955 and worked as a sideman for Charles Mingus , Teddy Charles , Bud Powell and Miles Davis . From 1960 to 1966 , he was a member of the John Coltrane quartet ( along with Jimmy Garrison on bass and McCoy Tyner on piano ) , a celebrated recording phase , appearing on such albums as A Love Supreme and Live at Birdland . Following his work with Coltrane , Jones led several small groups , some under the name The Elvin Jones Jazz Machine . His brothers Hank Jones and Thad Jones were also jazz musicians with whom he recorded . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1995 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jeff_"Tain"_Watts', 'summary': 'Jeff Tain Watts ( born January 20 , 1960 ) is a jazz drummer who has performed with Wynton Marsalis , Branford Marsalis , Betty Carter , Michael Brecker , Alice Coltrane , Ravi Coltrane , and others .'}]}, {'value': 'Nearness of You : The Ballad Book', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nearness_of_You:_The_Ballad_Book', 'summary': "Nearness of You : The Ballad Book is the seventh studio album of saxophone player Michael Brecker . Accompanied by Herbie Hancock on piano , Pat Metheny on guitars , Charlie Haden on bass , Jack DeJohnette on drums , and a special guest appearance by James Taylor , the album was released by Verve Records on June 19 , 2001 . Brecker was awarded his 8th Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo on Chan 's Song . James Taylor also won his 4th grammy for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance on Do n't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight . With his win , he became the first American recording artist to garner a win in that category since Michael Bolton in 1992 ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Brecker album with Herbie Hancock , Charlie Haden , James Taylor , and Jack DeJohnette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Brecker', 'summary': 'Michael Leonard Brecker ( March 29 , 1949 - January 13 , 2007 ) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer . He was awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer . He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 2004 , and was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Herbie_Hancock', 'summary': "Herbert Jeffrey Hancock ( born April 12 , 1940 ) is an American pianist , keyboardist , bandleader , composer and actor . Hancock started his career with Donald Byrd . He shortly thereafter joined the Miles Davis Quintet , where he helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the post-bop sound . In the 1970s , Hancock experimented with jazz fusion , funk , and electro styles . Hancock 's best-known compositions include the jazz standards Cantaloupe Island , Watermelon Man , Maiden Voyage , and Chameleon , as well as the hit singles I Thought It Was You and Rockit . His 2007 tribute album River : The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year , only the second jazz album to win the award , after Getz/Gilberto in 1965 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charlie_Haden', 'summary': "Charles Edward Haden ( August 6 , 1937 - July 11 , 2014 ) was an American jazz double bass player , bandleader , composer and educator whose career spanned more than fifty years . In the late 1950s , Haden was an original member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet . Haden revolutionized the harmonic concept of bass playing in jazz . German musicologist Joachim-Ernst Berendt wrote that Haden 's ability to create serendipitous harmonies by improvising melodic responses to Coleman 's free-form solos ( rather than sticking to predetermined harmonies ) was both radical and mesmerizing . His virtuosity lies…in an incredible ability to make the double bass 'sound out ' . Haden cultivated the instrument 's gravity as no one else in jazz . He is a master of simplicity which is one of the most difficult things to achieve . ) Haden played a vital role in this revolutionary new approach , evolving a way of playing that sometimes complemented the soloist and sometimes moved independently . In this respect , as did his predecessor bassists Jimmy Blanton and Charles Mingus , Haden helped liberate the bassist from a strictly accompanying role to becoming a more direct participant in group improvisation . In 1969 , he formed his first band , the Liberation Music Orchestra , featuring arrangements by pianist Carla Bley . In the late 1960s , he became a member of pianist Keith Jarrett 's trio , quartet and quintet . In the 1980s , he formed his band , Quartet West ."}, {'url': '/wiki/James_Taylor', 'summary': "James Vernon Taylor ( born March 12 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist . A five-time Grammy Award winner , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 100 million records worldwide . Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No . 3 single Fire and Rain and had his first No . 1 hit in 1971 with his recording of You 've Got a Friend , written by Carole King in the same year . His 1976 Greatest Hits album was certified Diamond and has sold 12 million US copies . Following his 1977 album , JT , he has retained a large audience over the decades . Every album that he released from 1977 to 2007 sold over 1 million copies . He enjoyed a resurgence in chart performance during the late 1990s and 2000s , when he recorded some of his most-awarded work ( including Hourglass , October Road , and Covers ) . He achieved his first number-one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World . He is known for his covers , such as How Sweet It Is ( To Be Loved by You ) and Handy Man , as well as originals such as Sweet Baby James ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette', 'summary': 'Jack DeJohnette ( born August 9 , 1942 ) is an American jazz drummer , pianist , and composer . An important figure of the fusion era of jazz , DeJohnette is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century , given his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd , Freddie Hubbard , Keith Jarrett , Bill Evans , John Abercrombie , Alice Coltrane , Sonny Rollins , Miles Davis , Joe Henderson , Michael Brecker , Herbie Hancock and John Scofield . He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Appearances', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Pat_Metheny_discography_0', 'intro': 'This is a discography of works by Pat Metheny.'}
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Which label released this studio album by the winner of Thelonious Monk International Jazz Saxophone Competition in 1991 ?
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Warner Bros.
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ff9e214d545df56c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Atari_arcade_games', 'title': 'List of Atari arcade games', 'header': ['Name', 'Year', 'Max Players', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'California Speed', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Speed_(video_game)', 'summary': 'California Speed is a racing video game developed and published by Atari Games . The game was first released in arcades ( Midway Seattle Arcade System ) in 1998 and was ported to the Nintendo 64 in 1999 by Midway Games . This game contains support for the Controller Pak and the Rumble Pak also the full support for multiplayer mode .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1998 saw many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Half-Life , Metal Gear Solid , F-Zero X , The Legend of Zelda : Ocarina of Time , Gex : Enter the Gecko , Xenogears , Banjo-Kazooie , Spyro the Dragon and MediEvil . The year has been retrospectively considered one of the best in video gaming due to the release of several critically acclaimed , commercially successful and influential titles across all platforms and genres .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A racing game with several different tracks set in California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Racing_game', 'summary': 'The racing video game genre is the genre of video games , either in the first-person or third-person perspective , in which the player partakes in a racing competition with any type of land , water , air or space vehicles . They may be based on anything from real-world racing leagues to entirely fantastical settings . In general , they can be distributed along a spectrum anywhere between hardcore simulations , and simpler arcade racing games . Racing games may also fall under the category of sports games .'}]}, {'value': 'Cannonball', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1976 has several new titles such as Road Race , Night Driver ( video game ) and Heavyweight Champ .'}]}, {'value': '2 , alternating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An unreleased black and white game where the player tries to fire a human cannonball through an opening in a wall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_and_white', 'summary': 'Black-and-white ( B/W or B & W ) images combine black and white in a continuous spectrum , producing a range of shades of gray .'}]}, {'value': 'Canyon Bomber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canyon_Bomber', 'summary': 'Canyon Bomber is a black-and-white 1977 arcade game , developed and published by Atari , Inc . It was written by Howard Delman who previously programmed Super Bug for Atari . Canyon Bomber was rewritten in color and with a different visual style for the Atari VCS and published in 1978 .'}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1977_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1977 has several new titles such as Space Wars .'}]}, {'value': '2 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Players control blimps which fly over a canyon dropping bombs . Canyon boulders are worth different points . Black and white', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blimp', 'summary': 'A blimp , or non-rigid airship , is an airship ( dirigible ) or barrage balloon without an internal structural framework or a keel . Unlike semi-rigid and rigid airships ( e.g . Zeppelins ) , blimps rely on the pressure of the lifting gas ( usually helium , rather than hydrogen ) inside the envelope and the strength of the envelope itself to maintain their shape .'}]}, {'value': 'Centipede', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Centipede_(video_game)', 'summary': "Centipede is a vertically oriented fixed shooter arcade game produced by Atari , Inc. in June 1981 . The game was designed by Dona Bailey and Ed Logg . It was one of the most commercially successful games from the video arcade 's golden age . The player fights off centipedes , spiders , scorpions and fleas , completing a round after eliminating the centipede that winds down the playing field . Centipede was ported to Atari 's own Atari 2600 , Atari 5200 , Atari 7800 , and Atari 8-bit family . Under the Atarisoft label , the game was sold for the Apple II , Commodore 64 , ColecoVision , VIC-20 , IBM PC ( as a booter ) , Intellivision , and TI-99/4A . Superior Software published the port for the BBC Micro ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1980 saw the release of a number games with influential concepts , including Pac-Man , Battlezone , Crazy Climber , Mystery House , Missile Command , Space Panic , Zork I , and Olympic Decathlon . The Atari VCS ( later the Atari 2600 ) grew in popularity with a port of Space Invaders and support from new developer Activision .'}]}, {'value': '2 , alternating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A big hit for Atari , the player controls the character at the bottom and shoots a segmented centipede as it advances down the screen through a field of mushrooms . Other enemies , such as spiders and fleas , also threaten the player', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mushroom', 'summary': 'A mushroom , or toadstool , is the fleshy , spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus , typically produced above ground , on soil , or on its food source . The standard for the name mushroom is the cultivated white button mushroom , Agaricus bisporus ; hence the word mushroom is most often applied to those fungi ( Basidiomycota , Agaricomycetes ) that have a stem ( stipe ) , a cap ( pileus ) , and gills ( lamellae , sing . lamella ) on the underside of the cap . Mushroom also describes a variety of other gilled fungi , with or without stems , therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota . These gills produce microscopic spores that help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface . Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific names , such as bolete , puffball , stinkhorn , and morel , and gilled mushrooms themselves are often called agarics in reference to their similarity to Agaricus or their order Agaricales . By extension , the term mushroom can also refer to either the entire fungus when in culture , the thallus ( called a mycelium ) of species forming the fruiting bodies called mushrooms , or the species itself .'}]}, {'value': 'Championship Sprint', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Championship_Sprint', 'summary': 'Super Sprint is a 1986 arcade game by Atari Games . The player drives a Formula One-like car on a circuit that is viewed from above . The game is a successor to Gran Trak 10 and the Sprint series , which were black-and-white games from the 1970s . A sequel , Championship Sprint , was released later in the same year .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1986 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Metroid , Out Run and Bubble Bobble .'}]}, {'value': '2 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A racing game in which players attempt to beat each other around tracks while avoiding hazards', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Racing_game', 'summary': 'The racing video game genre is the genre of video games , either in the first-person or third-person perspective , in which the player partakes in a racing competition with any type of land , water , air or space vehicles . They may be based on anything from real-world racing leagues to entirely fantastical settings . In general , they can be distributed along a spectrum anywhere between hardcore simulations , and simpler arcade racing games . Racing games may also fall under the category of sports games .'}]}, {'value': 'Cloak & Dagger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cloak_&_Dagger_(video_game)', 'summary': "Cloak & Dagger is an arcade game released by Atari , Inc. in March 1984 . It was adapted into the 1984 film adaptation . The game saw limited arcade release as a conversion kit for Robotron : 2084 cabinets . The Cloak & Dagger game screens from the film are mostly from the arcade version , and not the Atari 5200 game console as it would appear in the film . Although a 5200 version of the game was planned , it was never released due to the video game crash of 1983 and eventual sale of Atari . Because the Atari 5200 version of Cloak & Dagger was n't complete during filming , the cartridge props are actually other 5200 games with a Cloak & Dagger label stuck on them ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1983 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Mario Bros. , Pole Position II and Spy Hunter .'}]}, {'value': '2 , alternating', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The player attempts to destroy Dr. Boom 's underground bomb factory . Featured in a film of the same name", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cloak_&_Dagger_(1984_film)', 'summary': 'Cloak & Dagger is a 1984 American spy adventure film directed by Richard Franklin , and starring Henry Thomas , Dabney Coleman and Michael Murphy . It was written by Tom Holland and based on a Cornell Woolrich short story The Boy Cried Murder , which was initially filmed as The Window . It was originally released in a double feature with The Last Starfighter on July 13 , 1984 , and was released separately on August 10 , 1984 . The film grossed $ 9.7 million in the United States . Thomas was nominated for the Young Artist Award for Best Actor .'}]}, {'value': 'Cloud 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1983 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Mario Bros. , Pole Position II and Spy Hunter .'}]}, {'value': '2 , alternating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The player shoots down clouds in the sky that threaten to flood his chamber at the bottom of the screen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cops', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1994 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Super Metroid , Donkey Kong Country and Sonic & Knuckles .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A laserdisc game based on the TV series of the same name ; players must shoot criminals or chase after them in their patrol car', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cops_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Cops is an American half-hour documentary reality crime/legal television program that premiered on the Fox network on March 11 , 1989 . The series follows city police officers and county sheriff 's deputies , sometimes backed up by state troopers or other state agencies , during patrols and other police activities including but not limited to prostitution and narcotics stings . Some episodes have also featured federal agencies . The show assigns television camera crews to accompany them as they perform their duties . Its formula follows the cinéma vérité convention , which does not consist of any narration or scripted dialog , depending entirely on the commentary of the officers and on the actions of the people with whom they come into contact . Each episode typically consists of three self-contained segments which often end with an arrest . It is one of the longest-running television programs in the United States and , in May 2011 , became the longest-running show on Fox , when it was announced that America 's Most Wanted was being canceled after 23 years ( that show 's host , John Walsh also appeared many times on Cops ) . In 2013 , the program moved to Spike TV , now known as Paramount Network . The 32nd season premiered on June 3 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cops N Robbers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1976 has several new titles such as Road Race , Night Driver ( video game ) and Heavyweight Champ .'}]}, {'value': '4 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A black and white game ; players can choose to be cops and shoot at and stop robbers or vice versa', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Crash ' N Score", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Crash_'N_Score", 'summary': "Crash ' N Score is a 2 player arcade game by Atari Inc. , originally released in 1975 ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1975 has several new titles such as Western Gun , Dungeon and dnd .'}]}, {'value': '2 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A black and white demolition derby game where the object is to hit randomly appearing numbered pylons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Demolition_derby', 'summary': "Demolition derby is a motorsport usually presented at county fairs and festivals . While rules vary from event to event , the typical demolition derby event consists of five or more drivers competing by deliberately ramming their vehicles into one another . The last driver whose vehicle is still operational is awarded the victory . Demolition derbies originated in the United States and quickly spread to other Western nations . For example , Australia 's first demolition derby took place in January 1963 . Demolition derbies can be dangerous . Although serious injuries are rare , they do happen . Drivers are typically required to sign a waiver to release the promoter of an event from liability . To make the event safer , all glass is removed from the vehicle , and deliberately ramming the driver's-side door area is forbidden . The driver 's door is often required to be painted white with black numbers or blaze orange , or with contrasting colors , for visibility . Most demolition derbies are held on dirt tracks , or in open fields , that are usually soaked with water . This causes the competition area to become muddy , which helps to further slow the vehicles ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Traffic_cone', 'summary': "Traffic cones , also called pylons , witches ' hats , road cones , highway cones , safety cones , channelizing devices , or construction cones , are usually cone-shaped markers that are placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner . They are often used to create separation or merge lanes during road construction projects or automobile accidents , although heavier , more permanent markers or signs are used if the diversion is to stay in place for a long period of time ."}]}, {'value': 'Crystal Castles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crystal_Castles_(video_game)', 'summary': 'Crystal Castles is an arcade game released by Atari , Inc. in 1983 . The player controls the character Bentley Bear who has to collect gems located throughout trimetric-projected rendered castles while avoiding enemies out to get him as well as the gems . Crystal Castles is one of the first arcade action games with an actual ending , instead of continuing indefinitely , looping , or ending in a kill screen , and to contain advance warp zones .'}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1983 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Mario Bros. , Pole Position II and Spy Hunter .'}]}, {'value': '2 , alternating', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A moderate success , the player controls a bear character to collect crystals along paths in various caves with avoiding enemies . The player can find and use various powerups and secrets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powerup', 'summary': "In video games , a power-up is an object that adds temporary benefits or extra abilities to the player character as a game mechanic . This is in contrast to an item , which may or may not have a permanent benefit that can be used at any time chosen by the player . Although often collected directly through touch , power-ups can sometimes only be gained by collecting several related items , such as the floating letters of the word 'EXTEND ' in Bubble Bobble . Well known examples of power-ups that have entered popular culture include the power pellets from Pac-Man ( regarded as the first power-up ) and the Super Mushroom from Super Mario Bros. , which ranked first in UGO Networks ' Top 11 Video Game Powerups . Items that confer power-ups are usually pre-placed in the game world , spawned randomly , dropped by beaten enemies or picked up from opened or smashed containers . They can be differentiated from items in other games , such as role-playing video games , by the fact that they take effect immediately , feature designs that do not necessarily fit into the game world ( often used letters or symbols emblazoned on a design ) , and are found in specific genres of games . Power-ups are mostly found in action-oriented games such as maze games , run and guns , shoot 'em ups , first-person shooters , and platform games ."}]}, {'value': 'Cyberball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyberball', 'summary': 'Cyberball ( サイバーボール , Saibābōru ) is an Atari Games arcade game of 7-man American football , using robotic avatars of different speeds , sizes , and skill sets set in the year 2022 . The game replaced the standard downs system with an explosive ball that progresses from cool to warm , hot , and critical status as it is used . Players can only defuse the ball , resetting it from its current state back to cool by crossing the 50 yard line or by change of possession , whether through touchdown , interception or fumble . A robot holding a critical ball while being tackled is destroyed along with the ball . The robots also possess finite durability . As offensive units are tackled , they wear down , finally issuing smoke and then flames after a number of hits . A flaming robot will explode when hit , thereby fumbling the ball . Players can upgrade robots with faster and more durable units using money bonuses they earn during play . Players select from run , pass or option plays on offense , after which the computer presents four individual plays from which to choose . On defense , a player can select short , medium or long defenses , and then select a specific defensive scheme . The standard Cyberball cabinet consists of two monitors , each with two sets of controls for a maximum of four players , but Atari Games released single player and two player versions as well . The standard configuration allows single player , two player cooperative , two player head-to-head or four player head-to-head play .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1988 saw many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Super Contra , Super Mario Bros 2 , Assault , Altered Beast , Mega Man 2 , Double Dragon II : The Revenge , and Super Mario Bros 3'}]}, {'value': '4 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robotic football of the future . Robots can explode with the ball if it reaches critical temperature . Players can upgrade robots from funds from successful plays', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cyberball 2072', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyberball_2072', 'summary': 'Cyberball ( サイバーボール , Saibābōru ) is an Atari Games arcade game of 7-man American football , using robotic avatars of different speeds , sizes , and skill sets set in the year 2022 . The game replaced the standard downs system with an explosive ball that progresses from cool to warm , hot , and critical status as it is used . Players can only defuse the ball , resetting it from its current state back to cool by crossing the 50 yard line or by change of possession , whether through touchdown , interception or fumble . A robot holding a critical ball while being tackled is destroyed along with the ball . The robots also possess finite durability . As offensive units are tackled , they wear down , finally issuing smoke and then flames after a number of hits . A flaming robot will explode when hit , thereby fumbling the ball . Players can upgrade robots with faster and more durable units using money bonuses they earn during play . Players select from run , pass or option plays on offense , after which the computer presents four individual plays from which to choose . On defense , a player can select short , medium or long defenses , and then select a specific defensive scheme . The standard Cyberball cabinet consists of two monitors , each with two sets of controls for a maximum of four players , but Atari Games released single player and two player versions as well . The standard configuration allows single player , two player cooperative , two player head-to-head or four player head-to-head play .'}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_in_video_gaming', 'summary': "1989 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Phantasy Star II , Golden Axe and Bonk 's Adventure , and Super Mario Land"}]}, {'value': '2 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American football with robots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_football', 'summary': "American football , referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron , [ nb 1 ] is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end . The offense , the team with possession of the oval-shaped football , attempts to advance down the field by running with the ball or passing it , while the defense , the team without possession of the ball , aims to stop the offense 's advance and to take control of the ball for themselves . The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs or plays ; if they fail , they turn over the football to the defense , but if they succeed , they are given a new set of four downs to continue the drive . Points are scored primarily by advancing the ball into the opposing team 's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent 's goalposts for a field goal . The team with the most points at the end of a game wins . American football evolved in the United States , originating from the sports of soccer and rugby . The first American football match was played on November 6 , 1869 , between two college teams , Rutgers and Princeton , using rules based on the rules of soccer at the time . A set of rule changes drawn up from 1880 onward by Walter Camp , the Father of American Football , established the snap , the line of scrimmage , eleven-player teams , and the concept of downs . Later rule changes legalized the forward pass , created the neutral zone and specified the size and shape of the football . The sport is closely related to Canadian football , which evolved in parallel with and at the same time as the American game ( although their rules were developed independently from that of Camp 's ) . Most of the features that distinguish American football from rugby and soccer are also present in Canadian football . The two sports are considered the primary variants of gridiron football ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Robot', 'summary': "A robot is a machine - especially one programmable by a computer - capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically . Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within . Robots may be constructed on the lines of human form , but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to their aesthetics . Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda 's Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility ( ASIMO ) and TOSY 's TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot ( TOPIO ) to industrial robots , medical operating robots , patient assist robots , dog therapy robots , collectively programmed swarm robots , UAV drones such as General Atomics MQ-1 Predator , and even microscopic nano robots . By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements , a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own . Autonomous things are expected to proliferate in the coming decade , with home robotics and the autonomous car as some of the main drivers . The branch of technology that deals with the design , construction , operation , and application of robots , as well as computer systems for their control , sensory feedback , and information processing is robotics . These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes , or resemble humans in appearance , behavior , or cognition . Many of today 's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics . These robots have also created a newer branch of robotics : soft robotics . From the time of ancient civilization there have been many accounts of user-configurable automated devices and even automata resembling animals and humans , designed primarily as entertainment . As mechanical techniques developed through the Industrial age , there appeared more practical applications such as automated machines , remote-control and wireless remote-control ."}]}, {'value': 'Cyberstorm', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_in_video_gaming', 'summary': '1993 has seen many sequels and prequels in video games and several new titles such as Star Fox , Virtua Fighter and Ridge Racer .'}]}, {'value': '2 , simultaneous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A futuristic one-on-one fighting game with robots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fighting_game', 'summary': "A fighting game is a video game genre based around close combat between a limited number of characters , in a stage in which the boundaries are fixed . The characters fight each others until they defeat their opponents or the time expires . The matches typically consist of several rounds , in an arena , with each player character having different abilities but each is relatively viable to choose . Players must master techniques such as blocking , counter-attacking , and chaining attacks together into combos . Starting in the early 1990s , most fighting games allowed the player to execute special attacks by performing specific input combinations . The fighting game genre is related to but distinct from beat 'em ups , which involve large numbers of enemies against the human player . The first game to feature fist fighting was Heavyweight Champ in 1976 , but it was Karate Champ which popularized one-on-one martial arts games in arcades in 1984 . The following year , Yie Ar Kung-Fu featured antagonists with differing fighting styles , while The Way of the Exploding Fist further popularized the genre on home systems . In 1987 , Street Fighter introduced hidden special attacks . In 1991 , Capcom 's highly successful Street Fighter II refined and popularized many of the conventions of the genre . The fighting game subsequently became the preeminent genre for competitive video gaming in the early to mid-1990s , particularly in arcades . This period spawned dozens of other popular fighting games , including franchises like Street Fighter , Super Smash Bros. , Tekken , and Virtua Fighter ."}]}], 'section_title': 'C', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Atari_arcade_games_3', 'intro': 'Atari was an early pioneer in the video game industry, in fact, they virtually created the industry with their introduction of the arcade game Pong. The brand name Atari was used for many years and applied to several other entities that developed products ranging from arcade video games to home video game consoles to home computers to video games for personal computers. Below is a list of arcade video games produced by Atari. These games were produced by Atari, Inc. from 1972 to 1984 starting with Pong and Atari Games from 1984 to 2000. Atari no longer manufacturers arcade games and, in fact, the entity that now owns the brand name (French company, Infogrames) never has. For a full list of games developed or published by Atari from 1972 to 1984, see List of Atari, Inc. games.'}
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What is the release year of the game that was rewritten in color and with a different visual style for the Atari VCS ?
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1977
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ff9e9a95bbd603fd
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland', 'title': 'Municipalities of Switzerland', 'header': ['Rank', 'City', 'Canton', 'Pop'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zürich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zürich', 'summary': "Zürich ( German : Zürich ; French : Zurich ; Italian : Zurigo ; Romansh : Turitg ) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich . It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich . The municipality has approximately 430,000 inhabitants , the urban area ( agglomeration ) 1.315 million and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million . Zürich is a hub for railways , roads , and air traffic . Both Zurich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country . Permanently settled for over 2,000 years , Zürich was founded by the Romans , who , in 15 BC , called it Turicum . However , early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years ( although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early ) . During the Middle Ages , Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and , in 1519 , became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli . The official language of Zürich is German , [ a ] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect , Zürich German . Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city , including the Swiss National Museum , the Kunsthaus and newer Theater 11 in Oerlikon . Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world . Zürich is among the world 's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population ."}]}, {'value': 'Zürich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zürich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': '410,126', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva', 'summary': "Geneva ( /dʒɪˈniːvə/ jin-EE-və ; French : Genève [ ʒənɛv ] ( listen ) ; Arpitan : Genèva [ dzəˈnɛva ] ( listen ) ; German : Genf [ ɡɛnf ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Ginevra [ dʒiˈneːvra ] ; Romansh : Genevra ) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland ( after Zürich ) and the most populous city of Romandy , the French-speaking part of Switzerland . Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva . The municipality ( ville de Genève ) has a population ( as of December 2018 [ update ] ) of 201,818 , and the canton ( essentially the city and its inner-ring suburbs ) has 499,480 residents . In 2014 , the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France . Within Swiss territory , the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.26 million . This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area ( Vevey , Montreux ) and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains , in the neighbouring canton of Vaud . Geneva is a global city , a financial centre , and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations , including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross . Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world . It is also where the Geneva Conventions were signed , which chiefly concern the treatment of wartime non-combatants and prisoners of war . In 2017 , Geneva was ranked as the world 's fifteenth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index , fifth in Europe behind London , Zürich , Frankfurt and Luxembourg . In 2019 Geneva was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Zürich and Basel . The city has been referred to as the world 's most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital ."}]}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva', 'summary': 'The Republic and canton of Geneva ( French : République et canton de Genève ; Arpitan : Rèpublica et canton de Geneva ; German : Republik und Kanton Genf ; Italian : Repubblica e Cantone di Ginevra ; Romansh : Republica e chantun Genevra ) is the French-speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland , surrounded on almost all sides by France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ) . As is the case in several other Swiss cantons ( canton of Ticino , canton of Neuchâtel , and canton of Jura ) , this canton is referred to as a republic within the Swiss Confederation . The canton of Geneva is located in the southwestern corner of Switzerland and is considered one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the country . As a center of the Calvinist Reformation , the city of Geneva has had a great influence on the canton , which essentially consists of the city and its hinterlands .'}]}, {'value': '201,118', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Basel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basel', 'summary': "Basel ( /ˈbɑːzəl/ BAH-zəl , German : [ ˈbaːzl̩ ] ( listen ) ) or Basle ( /bɑːl/ BAHL ; French : Bâle [ bɑl ] ; Italian : Basilea [ baziˈlɛːa ] ; Romansh : Basilea [ baziˈleːa ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine . Basel is Switzerland 's third-most-populous city ( after Zürich and Geneva ) with about 180,000 inhabitants . Located where the Swiss , French and German borders meet , Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany . As of 2016 [ update ] , the Swiss Basel agglomeration was the third-largest in Switzerland , with a population of 541,000 in 74 municipalities in Switzerland ( municipal count as of 2018 ) . The initiative Trinational Eurodistrict Basel ( TEB ) of 62 suburban communes including municipalities in neighboring countries , counted 829,000 inhabitants in 2007 . The official language of Basel is ( the Swiss variety of Standard ) German , but the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect . The city is known for its many internationally renowned museums , ranging from the Kunstmuseum , the first collection of art accessible to the public in Europe ( 1661 ) and the largest museum of art in the whole of Switzerland , to the Fondation Beyeler ( located in Riehen ) . The University of Basel , Switzerland 's oldest university ( founded in 1460 ) , and the city 's centuries-long commitment to humanism , have made Basel a safe haven at times of political unrest in other parts of Europe for such notable people as Erasmus of Rotterdam , the Holbein family , Friedrich Nietzsche , and in the 20th century also Hermann Hesse and Karl Jaspers . The city of Basel is Switzerland 's second-largest economic centre after the city of Zürich [ citation needed ] and has the highest GDP per capita in the country , ahead of the cantons of Zug and Geneva . In terms of value , over 94% of Basel City 's goods exports are in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors . With production facilities located in the neighboring Schweizerhalle , Basel accounts for 20% of Swiss exports and generates one third of the national product . Basel has been the seat of a Prince-Bishopric since the 11th century , and joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501 ."}]}, {'value': 'Basel-Stadt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt', 'summary': 'The canton of Basel-Stadt ( German : Kanton Basel-Stadt ( help·info ) , English : canton of Basel-City , French : canton de Bâle-Ville , Italian : Cantone di Basilea Città , Romansh : chantun Basilea-Citad ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland , and the smallest of the cantons by area . The city of Basel and the municipalities of Bettingen and Riehen form its territory .'}]}, {'value': '173,870', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lausanne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lausanne', 'summary': 'Lausanne ( /loʊˈzæn/ , also US : /loʊˈzɑːn/ , French : [ lozan ] , German : [ loˈzan ] ; Arpitan : Losena [ lɔˈzəna ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Losanna ; Romansh : Losanna ) is the capital city and biggest town of the canton of Vaud in Romandy , Switzerland . A municipality , it is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva ( French : Le/Lac Léman ) . It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains , with the Jura Mountains to its north-west . Lausanne is located 62 kilometres ( 38.5 miles ) northeast of Geneva . The municipality Lausanne has a population of about 140,000 , making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland , with the entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants ( as of January 2019 ) . The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva ( including Vevey-Montreux , Yverdon-les-Bains , and foreign parts ) was over 1.2 million inhabitants in 2000 . Lausanne is a focus of international sport , hosting the International Olympic Committee ( which has recognized the city as the Olympic Capital since 1994 ) , the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations . It lies in a noted wine-growing region . The city has a 28-station metro system , making it the smallest city in the world to have a rapid transit system . Lausanne will host the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Vaud', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vaud', 'summary': 'The canton of Vaud ( /voʊ/ VOH , French : [ vo ] ; German : Waadt , pronounced [ vat ] ( listen ) or [ vaːt ] ) is the third largest of the Swiss cantons by population and fourth by size . It is located in Romandy , the French-speaking western part of the country ; and borders the canton of Neuchâtel to the north , the cantons of Fribourg and Bern to the east , Valais and Lake Geneva to the south , the canton of Geneva to the south-west and France ( Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté ) to the west . The capital and biggest city is Lausanne , officially designated Olympic Capital by the International Olympic Committee and hosts many international sports organizations . Other main cities are Yverdon-les-Bains and Montreux . As of 2018 the canton has a population of 799,145 .'}]}, {'value': '140,193', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bern', 'summary': "Bern or Berne ( German : Bern [ bɛrn ] ( listen ) ; Alemannic German : Bärn [ b̥æːrn ] ; French : Berne [ bɛʁn ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Berna [ ˈbɛrna ] ; Romansh : Berna [ ˈbɛrnɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the de facto capital of Switzerland , referred to by the Swiss as their federal city , in German Bundesstadt , French ville fédérale , and Italian città federale . [ note 1 ] With a population of about 140,000 ( as of 2019 ) , Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland . The Bern agglomeration , which includes 36 municipalities , had a population of 406,900 in 2014 . The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000 . Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern , the second-most populous of Switzerland 's cantons . The official language in Bern is ( the Swiss variety of Standard ) German , but the most-spoken language is an Alemannic Swiss German dialect , Bernese German . In 1983 , the historic old town ( in German : Altstadt ) in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': 'Bern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Bern', 'summary': 'The canton of Bern or Berne ( German : Kanton Bern ; French : canton de Berne ) is the second-largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population . Located in west-central Switzerland , it borders the canton of Jura and the canton of Solothurn to the north . To the west lie the canton of Neuchâtel , the canton of Fribourg and canton of Vaud . To the south lies the canton of Valais . East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of Uri , Nidwalden , Obwalden , Lucerne and Aargau . The canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population ( as of 31 December 2018 ) of 1,034,977 . As of 2007 [ update ] , the population included 119,930 ( or 12.45% ) foreigners . The cantonal capital , also the federal city of Switzerland , is Bern . Other major cities are Thun and Biel/Bienne .'}]}, {'value': '134,395', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winterthur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Winterthur', 'summary': "Winterthur ( /ˈvɪntərtʊər/ VIN-tər-toor , German : [ ˈvɪntɐtuːɐ̯ ] ; French : Winterthour ) is a city in the canton of Zürich in northern Switzerland . It has the country 's sixth-largest population , estimated at over 110,000 people , and is the ninth-largest agglomeration with about 140,000 inhabitants . Today Winterthur is a service and high-tech industrial satellite city within Greater Zürich , located about 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) northeast of Zürich , and only 20 minutes by train . The official language of Winterthur is ( the Swiss variety of Standard ) German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect . Winterthur is usually abbreviated as Winti in the local dialect and by its inhabitants . Winterthur is connected to Germany by direct trains and has links to Zurich Airport . It is also a regional transport hub : the A1 motorway from Geneva through to St. Margrethen connects in Winterthur with the A4 motorway heading north toward Schaffhausen and the A7 motorway heading close to the Swiss-German border at Kreuzlingen . There are also roads leading to other places such as Turbenthal . The railway station is the fifth busiest railway station in Switzerland ."}]}, {'value': 'Zürich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Zürich', 'summary': 'The canton of Zürich ( German : Kanton Zürich ( help·info ) ) is a Swiss canton in the northeastern part of the country . With a population of 1,520,968 ( as of 31 December 2018 ) , it is the most populated canton in the country . Its capital is the city of Zürich . The official language is German . The local Swiss German dialect , called Züritüütsch , is commonly spoken . In English the name of the canton and its capital is often written without an umlaut .'}]}, {'value': '110,443', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lucerne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucerne', 'summary': "Lucerne ( /luːˈsɜːrn/ loo-SURN , French : [ lysɛʁn ] ; German : Luzern [ luˈtsɛrn ] ( listen ) ; Lucerne German : Lozärn ; Italian : Lucerna [ luˈtʃɛrna ] ; Romansh : Lucerna [ luˈtsɛrnɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in central Switzerland , in the German-speaking portion of the country . Lucerne is the capital of the canton of Lucerne and part of the district of the same name . With a population of about 81,057 people ( as of 2013 [ update ] ) , Lucerne is the most populous town in Central Switzerland , and a nexus of economics , transportation , culture , and media of this region . The city 's urban area consists of 17 municipalities and towns located in three different cantons with an overall population of about 250,000 people ( as of 2007 [ update ] ) . Owing to its location on the shores of Lake Lucerne ( German : Vierwaldstättersee ) and its outflow , the river Reuss , within sight of the mounts Pilatus and Rigi in the Swiss Alps , Lucerne has long been a destination for tourists . One of the city 's famous landmarks is the Chapel Bridge ( German : Kapellbrücke ) , a wooden bridge first erected in the 14th century . The official language of Lucerne is ( the Swiss variety of Standard ) German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect ."}]}, {'value': 'Lucerne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne', 'summary': 'The canton of Lucerne ( German : Kanton Luzern ) is a canton of Switzerland . It is located in the centre of Switzerland . The population of the canton ( as of 31 December 2018 ) is 409,557 . As of 2007 [ update ] , the population included 57,268 foreigners , or about 15.8% of the total population . The cantonal capital is Lucerne .'}]}, {'value': '82,418', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Gallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Gallen', 'summary': "St. Gallen or traditionally St Gall , in German sometimes Sankt Gallen ( Sankt Gallen ( help·info ) ; English : St Gall ; French : Saint-Gall ; Italian : San Gallo ; Romansh : Son Gagl ) is a Swiss town and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen . It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall , founded in the 7th century . Today , it is a large urban agglomeration ( with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019 ) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland . Its economy consists mainly of the service sector . The town is home of the University of St. Gallen , one of the best business schools in Europe . The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The Abbey 's renowned library contains books from the 9th century . The official language of St. Gallen is ( the Swiss variety of Standard ) German , but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect . The town has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria . It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Gallen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen', 'summary': 'The canton of St. Gallen , also canton of St Gall ( German : Kanton St. Gallen Sankt Gallen ( help·info ) ; dialectally /saŋkˈalːə/ , French : canton de Saint-Gall , Italian : Cantone di San Gallo , Romansh : chantun Son Gagl ) , is a canton of Switzerland . The capital is St. Gallen . Located in northeastern Switzerland , the canton has an area of 2,026 km2 ( 782 sq mi ) ( 5% of Switzerland ) and a resident population close to half a million as of 2015 ( 6% of Switzerland ) . It was formed in 1803 as a conflation of the city of St. Gallen , the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and various former subject territories of the Old Swiss Confederacy .'}]}, {'value': '76,056', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lugano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lugano', 'summary': 'Lugano ( /luːˈɡɑːnoʊ/ , also UK : /lʊˈ-/ , Italian : [ luˈɡaːno ] ; Ticinese : Lugan [ lyˈɡãː ] ) is a town and a municipality in southern Switzerland in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino bordering Italy . It has a population ( as of December 2018 [ update ] ) of 63,185 , and an urban agglomeration of over 145,000 . The ninth largest Swiss town , it is the largest in Ticino and largest with an Italian speaking majority outside of Italy . The town lies on Lake Lugano , surrounded by the mountains of the Lugano Prealps . The eastern part of the municipality shares a border with Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Ticino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino', 'summary': "The canton of Ticino ( /tɪˈtʃiːnoʊ/ ) , formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino , [ a ] is the southernmost canton of Switzerland . Ticino borders the canton of Uri to the north , the canton of Valais to the west ( through the Novena Pass ) , the canton of Graubünden to the northeast , Italy 's regions of Piedmont and Lombardy to the south and it surrounds the small Italian enclave of Campione d'Italia . Named after the river Ticino , it is the only canton where Italian is the sole official language and represents the bulk of the Italian-speaking area of Switzerland along with the southern parts of Graubünden . The land now occupied by the canton was annexed from Italian cities in the 15th century by various Swiss forces in the last transalpine campaigns of the Old Swiss Confederacy . In the Helvetic Republic , established 1798 , it was divided between the two new cantons of Bellinzona and Lugano . The creation of the Swiss Confederation in 1803 saw these two cantons combine to form the modern canton of Ticino ."}]}, {'value': '64,790', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biel/Bienne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biel/Bienne', 'summary': 'Biel/Bienne ( official bilingual wording ; German : [ biːl ] , French : [ bjɛn ] ; Italian : Bienna ; Romansh : Bienna ; Latin : Belna ) is a town and a municipality in the Biel/Bienne administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland . Biel/Bienne lies on the language boundary between the French-speaking and German-speaking parts of Switzerland , and is bilingual throughout . Biel is the German name for the town , Bienne its French counterpart . The town is often referred to in both languages simultaneously . Since 1 January 2005 , the official name has been Biel/Bienne . Until then , the town was officially named Biel . The town lies at the foot of the first mountain range of the Jura Mountains area , guarding the only practical connection to Jura , on the northeastern shores of Lake Biel ( Bielersee , Lac de Bienne ) , sharing the eastern tip of the lake with its sister town , Nidau . The towns Neuchâtel , Solothurn , and Bern ( the capital of Switzerland ) lie southwest , northeast and southeast of Biel/Bienne . They all can be reached within about 30 minutes by train or car . In 2012 Biel/Bienne had about 55,000 inhabitants , and together with the surrounding district almost 106,000 . The town has been an industrial and watchmaking heart of Switzerland since the 19th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Bern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canton_of_Bern', 'summary': 'The canton of Bern or Berne ( German : Kanton Bern ; French : canton de Berne ) is the second-largest of the 26 Swiss cantons by both surface area and population . Located in west-central Switzerland , it borders the canton of Jura and the canton of Solothurn to the north . To the west lie the canton of Neuchâtel , the canton of Fribourg and canton of Vaud . To the south lies the canton of Valais . East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of Uri , Nidwalden , Obwalden , Lucerne and Aargau . The canton of Bern is bilingual and has a population ( as of 31 December 2018 ) of 1,034,977 . As of 2007 [ update ] , the population included 119,930 ( or 12.45% ) foreigners . The cantonal capital , also the federal city of Switzerland , is Bern . Other major cities are Thun and Biel/Bienne .'}]}, {'value': '54,770', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Municipalities_of_Switzerland_2', 'intro': 'Municipalities (German: Gemeinden, Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden; French: communes; Italian: comuni; Romansh: vischnancas) are the lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons, which form the Swiss Confederation. In most cantons municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,212 municipalities as of January 2019[update]. Their populations range between several hundred thousand (Zürich), and a few dozen people (Bister), and their territory between 0.32 km² (Kaiserstuhl and Rivaz) and 439 km² (Scuol).'}
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What is the population of the city that is based in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake ?
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410,126
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ffa0d29ac9f77fc3
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Canada', 'title': 'List of tallest buildings in Canada', 'header': ['Years', 'Building', 'City', 'Height ( CTBUH )', 'Floors'], 'data': [{'value': '1975-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Canadian Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Canadian_Place', 'summary': "First Canadian Place ( originally First Bank Building ) is a skyscraper in the Financial District of Toronto , Ontario , at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets , and serves as the global operational headquarters of the Bank of Montreal . At 298 m ( 978 ft ) , it is Canada 's tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top ( spires ) and 9th highest to the roof top , and the 105th tallest in the world . It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada , after the CN Tower ( also in Toronto ) and the Inco Superstack chimney in Sudbury , Ontario . The building is owned by Brookfield Office Properties , putting it in co-ownership with the neighbouring Exchange Tower and Bay Adelaide Centre as well as various other office spaces across Downtown Toronto ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '298.1 m ( 978 ft ) ( 355 m ( 1,165 ft ) tip )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '72', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972-1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commerce Court West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commerce_Court', 'summary': 'Commerce Court is an office building on King and Bay Streets in the financial district of Toronto , Ontario , Canada , The primary tenant is the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ( CIBC ) which has its headquarters in the building . The buildings are a mix of Art Deco , International , and early Modernism architectural styles .'}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '239 m ( 784 ft ) ( 287 m ( 942 ft ) tip )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967-1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto-Dominion Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto-Dominion_Centre', 'summary': "The Toronto-Dominion Centre , or TD Centre , is an office complex in the Financial District of downtown Toronto owned by Cadillac Fairview . It serves as the global headquarters for its anchor tenant , the Toronto-Dominion Bank , and provides office and retail space for many other businesses . The complex consists of six towers and a pavilion covered in bronze-tinted glass and black painted steel . Approximately 21,000 people work in the complex , making it the largest commercial office complex in Canada . The project was the inspiration of Allen Lambert , former President and Chairman of the Board of the Toronto-Dominion Bank . Sister-in-law Phyllis Lambert recommended Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as design consultant to the architects , John B. Parkin and Associates and Bregman + Hamann , and the Fairview Corporation as the developer . The towers were completed between 1967 and 1991 . An additional building was built outside the campus and purchased in 1998 . As Mies was given virtually a free hand to create Toronto-Dominion Centre , the complex , as a whole and in its details , is a classic example of his unique take on the International style and represents the end evolution of Mies 's North American period ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '222.8 m ( 731 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '56', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964-1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tour de la Bourse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tour_de_la_Bourse', 'summary': 'The Tour de la Bourse ( English : Stock Exchange Tower ) is a 48-storey skyscraper in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It is located at the intersection of Victoria Square and Saint Jacques Street in the International Quarter . It is connected by the underground city to the Square-Victoria-OACI Metro Station . When completed in 1964 , the tower was the tallest building in Canada , a title it held until surpassed by the Toronto-Dominion Centre in 1967 . It is currently the third tallest in Montreal and the twenty-fifth tallest building in the country . The Tour de la Bourse was designed by Luigi Moretti and Pier Luigi Nervi and is considered to be of the International Style .'}]}, {'value': 'Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '190 m ( 623 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962-1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Place Ville-Marie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Place_Ville-Marie', 'summary': "Place Ville Marie ( PVM for short ) is a large office and shopping complex in downtown Montreal , Quebec , Canada , comprising four office buildings and an underground shopping plaza . The main building , 1 Place Ville Marie ( formerly Royal Bank Tower from its anchor tenant ) , built in the International style in 1962 as headquarters for the Royal Bank of Canada , which it still is presently . It is a 188 m ( 617 ft ) , 47-storey , cruciform office tower . The complex is a nexus for Montreal 's Underground City , the world 's busiest , with indoor access to over 1,600 businesses , numerous subway stations , a suburban transportation terminal , and tunnels extending throughout downtown . A counter-clockwise rotating beacon on the rooftop lights up at night , illuminating the surrounding sky with up to four white horizontal beams that can be seen as far as 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) away ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '188 m ( 617 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '44', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tour CIBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tour_CIBC', 'summary': "CIBC Tower ( French : La Tour CIBC ) is a 187 m ( 614 ft ) forty-five-storey skyscraper in Montreal , Quebec . With the communications antenna on the roof , the total height is 225 m ( 738 ft ) . The International Style office tower was built by Peter Dickinson , with associate architects Ross , Fish , Duschenes and Barrett , and was the city 's tallest building from 1962 to 1963 . The building holds offices for the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce , the corporate law firm Stikeman Elliott , as well as numerous other businesses . The building is located at 1155 René Lévesque Boulevard West next to Dorchester Square facing the imposing but dwarfed Sun Life Building . Part of the fire-damaged Windsor Hotel was demolished to make room for construction , with the remaining portion being converted to offices in the 1980s ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '184 m ( 604 ft ) ( 225.6 m ( 740 ft ) tip )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1931-1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Commerce Court North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commerce_Court', 'summary': 'Commerce Court is an office building on King and Bay Streets in the financial district of Toronto , Ontario , Canada , The primary tenant is the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ( CIBC ) which has its headquarters in the building . The buildings are a mix of Art Deco , International , and early Modernism architectural styles .'}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '145 m ( 476 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1929-1931', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairmont Royal York Hotel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairmont_Royal_York_Hotel', 'summary': "The Fairmont Royal York , formerly and commonly known as the Royal York , is a large historic luxury hotel in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Located along Front Street West , the hotel is situated at the southern end of the Financial District , in Downtown Toronto . The Royal York was designed by Ross and Macdonald , in association with Sproatt and Rolph , and built by the Canadian Pacific Railway company . The hotel is presently managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts . Opened on 11 June 1929 , the Châteauesque-styled building is 124-metre-tall ( 407 ft ) , and contains 28 floors . It is considered one of Canada 's grand railway hotels . After its completion , the building was briefly the tallest building in Toronto , as well as the tallest building in the country , and the British Empire , until the nearby Canadian Bank of Commerce Tower was built the following year . The building has undergone several extensive renovations since it first opened , with its first major renovation in 1972 . An underground walkway linking the hotel with the Royal Bank Plaza and Union Station form part of the Toronto 's PATH underground city system ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '124 m ( 407 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1928-1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tour de la Banque Royale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tour_de_la_Banque_Royale', 'summary': "The Royal Bank Tower is a skyscraper at 360 Saint-Jacques Street in Montreal , Quebec . The 22-storey 121 m ( 397 ft ) neo-classical tower was designed by the firm of York and Sawyer with the bank 's Chief Architect Sumner Godfrey Davenport of Montreal . Upon completion in 1928 , it was the tallest building in the entire British Empire , the tallest structure in all of Canada and the first building in the city that was taller than Montréal 's Notre-Dame Basilica built nearly a century before . The bank 's first official head office was at Hollis and George in Halifax in 1879 . In 1907 the Royal Bank of Canada moved its head office from Halifax to Montreal As the building at Saint-Jacques Street turned out to be too small , in 1926 the board of directors of the biggest bank in Canada hired New York architects York and Sawyer to build a prestigious new building a short distance westward on Saint-Jacques Street . Between 1920 and 1926 the bank had bought up all the property between Saint-Jacques , Saint-Pierre , Notre-Dame and Dollard Streets to demolish all the buildings there including the old Mechanics ' Institute and the ten-storey Bank of Ottawa building in order to make space for the new 22-storey building . In 1962 , the Royal Bank moved its main office to another famous Montreal building , Place Ville-Marie , however kept a branch in the impressive main hall of the old building , situated in Old Montreal . That branch relocated to the nearby Tour de la Bourse in July 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '121 m ( 397 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1899-1928', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toronto City Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_City_Hall_(Toronto)', 'summary': "The Old City Hall is a Romanesque-style civic building and court house in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It was the home of the Toronto City Council from 1899 to 1966 and remains one of the city 's most prominent structures . The building is located at the corner of Queen and Bay Streets , across Bay Street from Nathan Phillips Square and the present City Hall in Downtown Toronto . The heritage landmark has a distinctive clock tower which heads the length of Bay Street from Front Street to Queen Street as a terminating vista . Old City Hall was designated a National Historic Site in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '103.64 m ( 340 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1874-1899', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St James Cathedral ( Spire Completion )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_St._James_(Toronto)', 'summary': "The Cathedral Church of St. James in Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada , is the home of the oldest congregation in the city , with the parish being established in 1797 . The cathedral , with construction beginning in 1850 and opening for services on June 19 , 1853 , was one of the largest buildings in the city at the time . It was designed by Frederick William Cumberland and is a prime example of Gothic Revival architecture . The church building is designated under the Ontario Heritage Act , and it is the episcopal seat of the Anglican Church of Canada 's Diocese of Toronto . Royal St. George 's College , on Howland Avenue in Toronto , is the church 's choir school and is open to boys in grades 3 through 12 ."}]}, {'value': 'Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toronto', 'summary': "Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': '92.9 m ( 305 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1829-1874', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Notre Dame Basilica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Notre-Dame_Basilica_(Montreal)', 'summary': "Notre-Dame Basilica ( French : Basilique Notre-Dame de Montréal ) is a basilica in the historic district of Old Montreal , in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . The church is located at 110 Notre-Dame Street West , at the corner of Saint Sulpice Street . It is located next to the Saint-Sulpice Seminary and faces the Place d'Armes square . The interior of the church is amongst the most dramatic in the world and regarded as a masterpiece of Gothic Revival architecture . The vaults are coloured deep blue and decorated with golden stars , and the rest of the sanctuary is decorated in blues , azures , reds , purples , silver , and gold . It is filled with hundreds of intricate wooden carvings and several religious statues . Unusual for a church , the stained glass windows along the walls of the sanctuary do not depict biblical scenes , but rather scenes from the religious history of Montreal . It also has a Casavant Frères pipe organ , dated 1891 , which comprises four keyboards , 92 stops using electropneumatic action and an adjustable combination system , 7000 individual pipes and a pedal board . Approximately 11 million people visit Notre-Dame Basilica every year , making it one of the most visited monuments in North America ."}]}, {'value': 'Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montreal', 'summary': "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ."}]}, {'value': '69 m ( 226 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1743-1829', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral-Basilica_of_Notre-Dame_de_Québec', 'summary': "The Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec ( Our Lady of Quebec City ) , located at 16 , rue de Buade , Quebec City , Quebec , is the primatial church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec . It is the oldest church in Canada and was the first church in Canada to be elevated to the rank of minor basilica , by Pope Pius IX in 1874 . Four governors of New France and the bishops of Quebec are buried in the crypt , including François de Laval , Quebec 's first bishop . The church is a National Historic Site of Canada , and located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic District of Old Québec ."}]}, {'value': 'Quebec City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quebec_City', 'summary': "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ."}]}, {'value': '50 m ( 160 ft )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NA', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Timeline of the tallest buildings in Canada', 'section_text': 'In the 20th century , only three cities have been the site of each sequential tallest building in Canada – Montreal , Toronto , and Vancouver .', 'uid': 'List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Canada_2', 'intro': "This is a list of the tallest buildings in Canada. As of December 2017 there are a total of 133 completed and under construction buildings in Canada with an official height of 150 m (492 ft) or more. Greater Toronto has 86 (Toronto 83 (including the eight tallest buildings in Canada) Mississauga 3), Calgary has 19, Metro Vancouver has 14 (Burnaby 7, Vancouver 6, Surrey 1), Montreal has 11, Edmonton has 2, and Niagara Falls has 1. Five of Canada's ten largest cities enforce height restriction laws. In Ottawa, skyscrapers could not be built above the height of the Peace Tower until the late 1970s, when the restriction was changed so that no building could overwhelm the skyline. In Montreal, skyscrapers cannot be built above the elevation of Mount Royal. The City of Vancouver has enacted view corridors which limit the height of buildings in most areas of downtown. The City of Edmonton had an elevation restriction, approximately 150 m (492 ft) above downtown, due to the proximity of the city centre airport, until it closed in November 2013. This list does not include towers, including the CN Tower in Toronto, as they are not technically considered to be a building."}
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What district in Ontario , Canada is home to Canada 's tallest skyscraper ?
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Financial District
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ffa208193c2a8f10
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Kazakhstan_Premier_League', 'title': '2010 Kazakhstan Premier League', 'header': ['Team', 'Location', 'Venue', 'Capacity', 'Average Attendance'], 'data': [{'value': 'Aktobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Aktobe', 'summary': 'Football Club Aktobe ( Kazakh : Aqtóbe Fýtbol Klýby ) , commonly referred to as FC Aktobe or simply Aktobe , is a professional football club based in Aktobe . They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . Formed as Aktyubinets in 1967 , they became Aktobemunai in 1996 , Aktobe in 1997 , Aktobe-Lento in 2000 and finally Aktobe again in 2005 . Their home ground is the 13,500 seat Central Stadium . Aktobe have won five league titles , one Kazakhstan Cup and three Kazakhstan Super Cup . The club has also won two Soviet Second League titles in 1981 and 1991 .'}]}, {'value': 'Aktobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aktobe', 'summary': 'Aktobe ( Kazakh : Ақтөбе , romanized : Aqtóbe ; Russian : Актобе́ , romanized : Aktobe ) is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan . It is the administrative center of Aktobe Region . In 2020 , it had a population of 500 803 people . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Aktobe Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aktobe_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Koblandy batyr stadium ( Kazakh : Қобыланды батыр стадионы , Qobylandy batyr stadıony ) is the main football arena of the city and for FC Aktobe . It was constructed in 1975 . On the opening day on August 28 , 1975 , Aktyubinets played against CSKA Moscow . Match ended with score 1:0 in favor of visiting team . Kopeykin scored the goal . The stadium is one of the best attended in Kazakhstan with capacity of just under 13,000 people .'}]}, {'value': '13,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8,333 ( 61.7% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akzhayik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Akzhayik', 'summary': 'FC Akzhayik ( Kazakh : Aqjaıyq Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakhstani professional football club , based in Oral , current member of the Kazakhstan First Division .'}]}, {'value': 'Oral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oral,_Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Oral ( Kazakh : Орал , romanized : Oral ) , Ural'sk ( Russian : Уральск ) in Russian , formerly known as Yaitsk ( Russian : Яицк , until 1775 ) , is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan , at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan rivers close to the Russian border . As it is located on the western bank of the Ural river , it is considered geographically in Europe . It is the capital of the West Kazakhstan Region . The ethnic composition is dominated by Kazakhs ( 60% ) and Russians . Population : 271,900 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 194,905 ( 1999 Census results ) . Oral is an agricultural and industrial centre , and has been an important trade stop since its founding . Barge traffic has passed up and down the Ural River between the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains for centuries . Today it is one of the major entry points for rail traffic from Europe to Siberia , servicing the many new oil fields in the Caspian basin and the industrial cities of the southern Urals . It is served by Oral Ak Zhol Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Petr Atoyan Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petr_Atoyan_Stadium', 'summary': 'Petr Atoyan Stadium is a football stadium in Oral , Kazakhstan . It is the home stadium of FC Akzhayik of the Kazakhstan Premier League . The stadium holds 8,320 spectators .'}]}, {'value': '0 8,320', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,650 ( 55.9% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atyrau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Atyrau', 'summary': "Football Club Atyrau ( Kazakh : Атырау футбол клубы , Atyraý fýtbol klýby ) are a professional football club based in Atyrau , who play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . The club 's home ground is the 8,690-seat Munaishy Stadium , where they have played since their inception ."}]}, {'value': 'Atyrau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atyrau', 'summary': 'Atyrau ( Kazakh : Атырау , Atyraý , أتيراو , pronounced [ ɑtəˈrɑw ] ; Russian : Атырау , pronounced [ ɐtɨˈraʊ ] ) , known as Guryev ( Russian : Гурьев , pronounced [ ˈɡurʲjɪf ] ) until 1991 , is a city in Kazakhstan , and the capital of Atyrau Region . It is located at the mouth of the Ural River on the Caspian Sea , 2,700 kilometres ( 1,700 miles ) west of Almaty and 351 kilometres ( 218 miles ) east of the Russian city of Astrakhan . Modern Atyrau is famous for its oil and gas industries . It has 154,100 inhabitants ( 2007 ) , up from 142,500 ( 1999 census ) , 90% ethnic Kazakhs ( up from 80% ) , the rest being mostly Russians and other ethnic groups such as Tatars and Ukrainians .'}]}, {'value': 'Munayshy Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munayshy_Stadium', 'summary': 'Munayshy Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Atyrau , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Atyrau . Coordinates : 47°05′39″N 51°54′30″E / 47.094085°N 51.908324°E / 47.094085 ; 51.908324'}]}, {'value': '0 8,660', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,000 ( 57.7% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irtysh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Irtysh_Pavlodar', 'summary': "FC Irtysh Pavlodar ( Kazakh : Ертіс Футбол Клубы , Ertis Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based at the Central Stadium in Pavlodar . Irtysh won the Kazakhstan Premier league in 1993 ( as Ansat ) , 1997 , 1999 , 2002 and 2003 . The club is also founding members of the top league and never relegated to lower levels . Irtysh have participated in the AFC Champions League a number of times , reaching the semi-finals in 2001 ( the final year of Kazakhstan 's AFC affiliation ) , and played in UEFA Champions League qualifying round in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pavlodar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavlodar', 'summary': "One of the oldest cities in northern Kazakhstan , Pavlodar was founded in 1720 as Koryakovsky , an Imperial Russian outpost . The settlement was created to establish control over the region 's salt lakes , an important source of valuable salt . In 1861 the settlement was renamed Pavlodar and incorporated as a town . Pavlodar 's significance was due in large measure to the substantial agricultural and salt-producing industries that had developed there despite the town 's relatively small population . Pavlodar 's population numbered only about 8,000 in 1897 . The name Pavlodar means The Gift of Paul , and was chosen to commemorate the birth of the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia . After 1955 , the Soviet Government 's Virgin Lands Campaign provided the impetus for the rapid growth and development of modern Pavlodar . Under the program , large numbers of young men and women from throughout the Soviet Union were relocated to the city ; industrial and commercial activity was increased ; and from the mid-1960s on , Pavlodar grew to become a major industrial centre of both the Kazakh SSR and of the Soviet Union because of a major arms and armour manufacturing facility located in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Pavlodar Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pavlodar_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'Pavlodar Central Stadium ( Kazakh : Орталық стадион , Ortalyq stadıon ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Pavlodar , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Irtysh .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,769 ( 31.8% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kairat', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kairat', 'summary': "Football Club Kairat ( Kazakh : Qaırat Fýtbol Klýby ) is a professional football club based in Almaty , which plays in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . Founded in 1954 as Lokomotiv Alma-Ata , they became Urozhay in 1955 and Kairat in 1956 . The club 's home ground is the Central Stadium which has a capacity of 23,804 . The club 's home kit colours are yellow and black striped shirts , black shorts and black socks . Kairat was the leading Kazakh club during the Soviet period and the only representative of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Top League . For this , Kairat became nicknamed The Nation 's Team , and remain widely supported all over the country . All in all , the club spent 24 seasons in the Soviet highest level . They also won Soviet First League titles twice in 1976 and 1983 . During this period , Kairat was a part of the Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union . In modern history , Kairat won two league titles , eight Kazakhstan Cups and two Kazakhstan Super Cups . The club 's strongest rivalry is FC Astana , among fans their matches are considered as the Two Capitals Derby ."}]}, {'value': 'Almaty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almaty', 'summary': "Almaty ( /ˈælməti/ ; Kazakh : Almaty , Алматы ; Yañalif : Almatь ; [ ɑlmɑˈtə ] ; Russian : Алматы , [ ɐlmɐˈtɨ ] ) , formerly known as Alma-Ata ( /ˌælmə.əˈtɑː/ ; Kazakh : Alma-Ata ; Russian : Алма-Ата , romanized : Alma-Ata ) and Verniy ( Russian : Верный , romanized : Vernyy ) , is the largest city in Kazakhstan , with a population of 2,039,376 people , about 11% of the country 's total population , and more than 2.7 million in its built-up area that encompasses Talgar , Boraldai , Otegen Batyr and many other suburbs . It served as capital of the Soviet and later independent Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1997 . In 1997 , the government relocated the capital to Astana ( known as Nur-Sultan as of 23 March 2019 ) in the north of the country and about 12 hours away by train . Almaty continues as the major commercial and cultural centre of Kazakhstan , as well as its most populous and most cosmopolitan city . The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan near the border with Kyrgyzstan in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau at an elevation of 700-900 m ( 2,300-3,000 feet ) , where the Large and Small Almatinka rivers run into the plain . The city has been part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in the area of music since November 2017 . The city was the host for a 1978 international conference on Primary Health Care where the Alma Ata Declaration was adopted , marking a paradigm shift in global public health ."}]}, {'value': 'Almaty Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almaty_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Central Stadium ( Kazakh : Алматы орталық стадионы , Almaty ortalyq stadıony or Орталық стадион , Ortalyq stadıon ; Ortalyq Stadıony ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Almaty , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium is shared by FC Kairat Almaty . It also serves as the home stadium for the Kazakhstan national football team .'}]}, {'value': '25,057', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,115', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lokomotiv', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Lokomotiv_Astana', 'summary': "Astana Football Club ( Kazakh : Astana Fýtbol Klýby ) is a professional football club based in Nur-Sultan . They play in the Kazakhstan Premier League , the highest level of Kazakh football . The club 's home ground is the 30,254-seat Astana Arena stadium . The club colours , reflected in their badge and kit , are sky blue and yellow . Founded as Lokomotiv Astana in 2009 , the club changed its name to Astana in 2011 . They are members of the Astana Presidential Club , an association of the main sports teams in Astana supported by the Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna . The short history of the club already boasts five league titles , three Kazakhstan Cups and three Kazakhstan Super Cups . The club 's strongest rivalry is with Kairat , among fans their matches are known as the Two Capitals Derby ."}]}, {'value': 'Astana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astana', 'summary': "Nur-Sultan ( US : /ˌnʊərsʊlˈtɑːn/ ; Kazakh : Nur-Sultan , Нұр-Сұлтан ; Russian : Нур-Султан ) , previously named Astana [ a ] ( Kazakh : Astana , Russian : Астана ) from 1998 to 2019 , is the capital city of Kazakhstan . In March 2019 , it was renamed to Nur-Sultan after the departing Kazakh president , Nursultan Nazarbayev . It stands on the banks of the Ishim River in the northern portion of Kazakhstan , within the Akmola Region , though administered separately from the region as a city with special status . A 2017 official estimate reported a population of 1,029,556 within the city limits , making it the second-largest city in the country , behind Almaty , the capital from 1991 to 1997 . Akmola ( from 1998 Astana and from 2019 Nur-Sultan ) became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997 , and since then has developed economically into one of the most modernized cities in Central Asia . On 23 March 2019 , following a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan 's parliament , the city was renamed Nur-Sultan , after former Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev . Modern Nur-Sultan is a planned city , much like other planned capitals . After it became the capital of Kazakhstan , the city cardinally changed its shape . The Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa designed the master plan of Astana . As the seat of the Government of Kazakhstan , Nur-Sultan is the site of the Parliament House , the Supreme Court , the Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies . It is home to many futuristic buildings , hotels and skyscrapers ."}]}, {'value': 'Astana Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astana_Arena', 'summary': 'The Astana Arena ( Kazakh : Астана Арена ) is a football stadium in Nur-Sultan ( formerly Astana ) , Kazakhstan . The stadium holds 30,000 and has a retractable roof . It serves as the national stadium for the Kazakhstan national football team . Astana Arena is the second largest stadium in the country and it was built from 2006 to 2009 at a cost of $ 185 million , and was officially opened on 3 July 2009 . It is also a home ground for FC Astana of the Kazakhstan Premier League and FC Bayterek of the Kazakhstan First Division . The stadium hosted the opening ceremony of the 7th Asian Winter Games on 31 January 2011 . Astana Arena was one of the venues to bid to host UEFA Euro 2020 matches .'}]}, {'value': '30,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,787 ( 16% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Okzhetpes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Okzhetpes', 'summary': 'Football Club Okzhetpes ( Kazakh : Оқжетпес Футбол Клубы , Oqjetpes Fýtbol Klýby ) are a Kazakhstani football based in the Torpedo Stadium in Kokshetau . The club currently play in the Kazakhstan Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Kokshetau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kokshetau', 'summary': 'Kokshetau ( Kazakh : Көкшетау , romanized : Kókshetaý ) , formerly known as Kokchetav ( Russian : Кокчетав , until 1993 ) is the administrative center of Aqmola Region , northern Kazakhstan . Population : 135,106 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 123,389 ( 1999 Census results ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Okzhetpes Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Okzhetpes_Stadium', 'summary': 'Okzhetpes Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kokshetau , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Okzhetpes . Coordinates : 53°17′7″N 69°23′30″E / 53.28528°N 69.39167°E / 53.28528 ; 69.39167'}]}, {'value': '0 4,158', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,637 ( 39.4% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ordabasy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Ordabasy', 'summary': 'FC Ordabasy ( Kazakh : Ордабасы Футбол Клубы , Ordabasy Fýtbol Klýby ) is a football club from Kazakhstan based at the K. Munaitpasov Stadium in Shymkent . Ordabasy was formed in July 2000 as FC Dostyk , following the merger of two existing Kazakhstan Premier League sides , FC Zhiger and FC Tomiris .'}]}, {'value': 'Shymkent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shymkent', 'summary': "Shymkent ( Kazakh : Shymkent , Шымкент , شىمكەنت ; Yañalif : Şьmkent ) ( Kazakh pronunciation : [ ʃɯmˈkɛnt ] ) , known until 1993 as Chimkent ( Uzbek : Chimkent , Чимкент , چىمكېنت ; Yañalif : Çimkent ( Uzbek pronunciation : [ tʃɨmˈkɛnt ] ) ) ; Russian : Чимкент , romanized : Čimkent ( Russian pronunciation : [ ˈtɕɨmˈkʲɛnt ] ) ) , is a city in Kazakhstan . It is near the border with Uzbekistan . It is one of three Kazakh cities which have the status equal to that of a region ( the city of republican significance ) . It is the third most populous city in Kazakhstan , only behind Almaty and Nur-Sultan , with an estimated population of 1,002,291 as of June 1 , 2018 . Because Shymkent has never been capital of Kazakhstan , it is therefore the most populous of Kazakhstan 's cities in terms of cities that have never been capital . According to regional and city officials , the millionth resident of Shymkent was born on 17 May 2018 . It is a regional cultural centre . Shymkent is situated 690 kilometres ( 430 mi ) west of Almaty and 1,483 kilometres ( 920 mi ) south of Nur-Sultan . It is also 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ) to the north of Toshkent , Uzbekistan ."}]}, {'value': 'K. Munaitpasov Stadium , Shymkent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazhimukan_Munaitpasov_Stadium_(Shymkent)', 'summary': 'Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium ( Kazakh : Қажымұқан Мұңайтпасұлы , Qajymuqan Muńaıtpasuly ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Shymkent , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people . The stadium is named after Kazhymukan Munaitpasov , a Kazakh wrestler and repeated World Champion in Greco-Roman wrestling .'}]}, {'value': '37,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,688 ( 10% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shakhter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Shakhter_Karagandy', 'summary': 'Football Club Shakhter ( Kazakh : Шахтер футбол клубы ) , commonly referred to as FC Shakhter Karagandy ( Kazakh : Қарағанды/Qarağandı [ qɑɾɑˈʁɑndə ] ( listen ) ; Russian : Караганда/Karaganda ) , is a professional football club based in Karagandy , Kazakhstan . They have been members of the Kazakhstan Premier League since its foundation in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Karagandy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karagandy', 'summary': "Karaganda or Qaraghandy ( Kazakh : Қарағанды/Qaraǵandy , pronounced [ qɑɾɑˈʁɑndə ] ( listen ) ; Russian : Караганда , pronounced [ kərəɡɐnˈda ] ) is the capital of Karaganda Region in the Republic of Kazakhstan . It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan , behind Almaty ( Alma-Ata ) , Nur-Sultan and Shymkent . Population : 459,778 ( 2009 Census results ) ; 436,864 ( 1999 Census results ) . Karaganda is approximately 230 km south-east of Kazakhstan 's capital Nur-Sultan ( formerly known as Astana ) . In the 1940s up to 70% of the city 's inhabitants were ethnic Germans . [ citation needed ] Most of the ethnic Germans were Soviet Volga Germans who were collectively deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan on Stalin 's order when Hitler invaded Soviet-annexed eastern Poland and the Soviet Union proper in 1941 . Until the 1950s , many of these deportees were interned in labor camps , often simply because they were of German descent . The population of Karaganda fell by 14% from 1989-1999 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union ; it was once Kazakhstan 's second-largest city after Almaty . Over 100,000 people have since emigrated to Germany . There is also a concentration of ethnic Poles in the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Shakhtyor Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shakhtyor_Stadium_(Karagandy)', 'summary': 'Shakhtyor Stadium ( Kazakh : Шахтёр стадионы , Shahtıor stadıony ) is a multi-use stadium in Karaganda , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Shakhter . Coordinates : 49°49′07″N 73°04′30″E / 49.818618°N 73.075122°E / 49.818618 ; 73.075122'}]}, {'value': '19,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,536 ( 29.1% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taraz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Taraz', 'summary': 'FC Taraz ( Kazakh : Taraz Fýtbol Klýby ) are a Kazakhstani football club based at the Taraz Central Stadium in Taraz . A leading club in the early years of the Kazakhstan Premier League , they were champions in 1996 , and Kazakhstan Cup winners in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Taraz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taraz', 'summary': 'Taraz ( Kazakh : Тараз , romanized : Taraz ; known to Europeans as Talas ) is a city and the administrative center of Jambyl Region in Kazakhstan , located on the Talas ( Taraz ) River in the south of the country near the border with Kyrgyzstan . It had a population of 330,100 ( 1999 Census ) , up 9% from 1989 , making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country , after Nur-Sultan and Turkistan . One of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan and in Transoxania , built and populated by the ancient Sogdians , Taraz celebrated its official 2000th anniversary ( recognized by UNESCO ) in 2001 , dating from a fortress built in the area by a Xiongnu Chanyu named Zhizhi and was a site of the Battle of Zhizhi in 36 BCE . The city was first recorded under the name Talas in 568 CE by Menander Protector . The medieval city of Talas was a major trade centre along the Silk Road . Talas was later described by Xuanzang , who passed Talas in 629 and later wrote : Traveling westward from the Thousand Springs 140 or 150 li , we come to the city of Daluosi . The city is 8 or 9 li in diameter ; and was settled by Hu ( foreign , non-Oriental ) merchants from various nations . The products and the climate are about the same as Suyab . The Talas alphabet , a variant of the Turkic runiform Orkhon script , is named for the town . Talas secured a place in history by virtue of the Battle of Talas ( 751 CE ) , which was fought between forces of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and those of the Arab Abbasid Caliphate . The battle took place somewhere along the Talas River in the Talas valley . One of its indirect outcomes was the introduction of paper to the west , via the Arab capture of Chinese paper makers .'}]}, {'value': 'Taraz Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taraz_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'Taraz Central Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Taraz , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Taraz . Coordinates : 42°54′06″N 71°22′56″E / 42.901751°N 71.382224°E / 42.901751 ; 71.382224'}]}, {'value': '12,525', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4,188 ( 33.4% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tobol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Tobol', 'summary': 'FC Tobol ( Kazakh : Тобыл Футбол Клубы , Tobyl Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based at the Central Stadium in Kostanay . They have been members of the Kazakhstan Premier League since its foundation in 1992 . They won the Kazakhstan Premier League in 2010 , and finished no lower than fourth place between the 2002 and 2010 seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Kostanay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kostanay', 'summary': 'Kostanay ( Kazakh : Қостанай , romanized : Qostanaı , قوستاناي ; Russian : Костанай , romanized : Kostanay ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan . It was known as Nikolayevsk ( Russian : Николаевск ) until 1895 and then as Kustanay ( Russian : Кустанай ) until 1997 . Kostanay is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region .'}]}, {'value': 'Kostanay Central Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kostanay_Central_Stadium', 'summary': 'Kostanay Central Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kostanay , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Tobol . The stadium holds 8,323 people .'}]}, {'value': '0 8,323', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5,714 ( 68.7% )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zhetysu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Zhetysu', 'summary': 'Jetisu Taldykorgan ( Kazakh : Жетісу Талдықорған футбол клубы , Jetisý Taldyqorǵan Fýtbol Klýby ) is a Kazakh football club based at the Zhetysu stadium in Taldykorgan . Founding members of the Kazakhstan Premier League , they missed five seasons because of relegations .'}]}, {'value': 'Taldykorgan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taldykorgan', 'summary': 'Taldykorgan ( Kazakh : Талдықорған , romanized : Taldyqorǵan , Taldıqorğan ) , known as Taldy-Kurgan until 1993 , is the capital ( called an administrative center ) of Almaty Region , Kazakhstan . According to the 2010 Kazakh Census Results , the population 143,407 .'}]}, {'value': 'Zhetysu Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zhetysu_Stadium', 'summary': 'Zhetysu Stadium ( Kazakh : Жетісу стадионы , Jetisý stadıony ) is a multi-use stadium in Taldykorgan , Kazakhstan . It is currently used mostly for football matches and hosts the home matches of FC Zhetysu . Coordinates : 45°01′11″N 78°21′54″E / 45.019716°N 78.365103°E / 45.019716 ; 78.365103'}]}, {'value': '0 4,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,981 ( 49.5% )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams -- Stadia and locations', 'section_text': 'AktobeAkzhayikAtyrauIrtyshKairatLokomotivOkzhetpesOrdabasyShakhterTarazTobolZhetysu Locations of teams in the 2010 Kazakhstan Premier League', 'uid': '2010_Kazakhstan_Premier_League_0', 'intro': "The 2010 Kazakhstan Premier League was the 19th season of the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest football league competition in Kazakhstan. It started on 22 March 2010 and the regular season ended on 14 August 2010. The playoff rounds began on 22 August 2010 and ended on 6 November 2010. Aktobe are the defending champions, having won their fourth league title in five seasons and their third in a row last season. This year's competition was completed in two stages. The first stage consisted of all 12 clubs playing against each other twice, once at home and once away. After these matches were completed, the league was split into two halves for the second stage, where each club played every other club in its group twice, once at home and once away. The top six clubs played for the league title while the bottom six clubs played to avoid relegation."}
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What is the venue of the team that boasts five league titles , three Kazakhstan Cups and three Kazakhstan Super Cups ?
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Astana Arena
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ffa23911ea10bd65
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docklands_Stadium', 'title': 'Docklands Stadium', 'header': ['Date', 'Performer ( s )', 'Attendance', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '15 & 17 March 2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barbra Streisand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbra_Streisand', 'summary': 'Barbara Joan Barbra Streisand ( /ˈstraɪsænd/ ; born April 24 , 1942 ) is an American singer , actress , and filmmaker . In a career spanning six decades , she has achieved success in multiple fields of entertainment and has been recognized with two Academy Awards , ten Grammy Awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the Grammy Legend Award , five Emmy Awards including one Daytime Emmy , a Special Tony Award , an American Film Institute award , a Kennedy Center Honors prize , four Peabody Awards , the Presidential Medal of Freedom , and nine Golden Globes . She is among a small group of entertainers who have been honored with an Emmy , Grammy , Oscar , and Tony Award - though only three were competitive awards - and is one of only two artists in that group who have also won a Peabody . After beginning a successful recording career in the 1960s , Streisand ventured into film by the end of that decade . She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl , for which she won the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress . Her other films include The Owl and the Pussycat , The Way We Were , and A Star Is Born , for which she received her second Academy Award , composing music for the love theme Evergreen , the first woman to be honored as a composer . With the release of Yentl in 1983 , Streisand became the first woman to write , produce , direct , and star in a major studio film . The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Musical . Streisand also received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director , becoming the first ( and to date only ) woman to win that award . Streisand is one of the best-selling recording artists of all time , with more than 68.5 million albums in the U.S. and with a total of 150 million records sold worldwide making her the best-selling female artist among top-selling artists recognized by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . The RIAA and Billboard recognize Streisand as holding the record for the most top 10 albums of any female recording artist : a total of 34 since 1963 . According to Billboard , she holds the record for the female with the most number one albums ( 11 ) .'}]}, {'value': '70,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Timeless Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timeless_(Barbra_Streisand)', 'summary': 'Timeless was a concert tour by entertainer Barbra Streisand . Following her hotly anticipated Millennium Concert 1999/2000 ( which is cited as being part of this tour ) Barbra decided to take this concert on the road for an 8-day tour of Australia , Los Angeles & New York . The tour grossed a record breaking $ 70 million and drew audiences of 200,000 for only 10 dates .'}]}, {'value': '1 December 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Hot Chili Peppers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers', 'summary': "Red Hot Chili Peppers ( commonly abbreviated as RHCP ) are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 . Their music incorporates elements of alternative rock , funk , punk rock and psychedelic rock . The band comprises vocalist Anthony Kiedis , bassist Flea , drummer Chad Smith , and guitarist John Frusciante . With over 80 million records sold worldwide , Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time . They are the most successful band in the history of alternative rock radio , with the records for most number-one singles ( 13 ) , most cumulative weeks at number one ( 85 ) and most top-ten songs ( 25 ) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart . They have won six Grammy Awards , and in 2012 were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Red Hot Chili Peppers were formed in Los Angeles by Kiedis , Flea , guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons . Because of commitments to other bands , Slovak and Irons did not play on the band 's 1984 self-titled debut album ; instead , the album featured Jack Sherman on guitar and Cliff Martinez on drums . Slovak rejoined shortly after its release and performed on the albums Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan ( 1987 ) , the latter of which saw a reunion of the original lineup . Slovak died of a drug overdose on June 25 , 1988 ; devastated , Irons left the band . With new recruits Frusciante and Smith , Red Hot Chili Peppers recorded two albums , Mother 's Milk ( 1989 ) and their first major commercial success , Blood Sugar Sex Magik ( 1991 ) . Frusciante was uncomfortable with the newfound popularity and left abruptly during the 1992 Blood Sugar Sex Magik tour ."}]}, {'value': '21,729', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the By The Way Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/By_The_Way_Tour', 'summary': "The By the Way World Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers to support the band 's eighth studio album , By the Way . The band was at a commercial peak at the time , having only been off the road for a short amount of time after touring in support of their 1999 , best-selling Californication . The band began writing their next album in early 2001 , and released By the Way over a year later , on July 9 , 2002 . A DVD documenting a show from the tour , titled Live at Slane Castle , was released in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': '28 February 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KISS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiss_(band)', 'summary': "Kiss ( often stylized as KIϟϟ ) is an American rock band formed in New York City in January 1973 by Paul Stanley , Gene Simmons , Peter Criss , and Ace Frehley . Well known for its members ' face paint and stage outfits , the group rose to prominence in the mid-to-late 1970s with their elaborate live performances , which featured fire breathing , blood-spitting , smoking guitars , shooting rockets , levitating drum kits , and pyrotechnics . The band has gone through several lineup changes , with Stanley and Simmons being the only members to feature in every lineup . The original and best-known lineup consisted of Stanley ( vocals and rhythm guitar ) , Simmons ( vocals and bass ) , Frehley ( lead guitar and vocals ) , and Criss ( drums and vocals ) . With their make-up and costumes , they took on the personae of comic book-style characters : the Starchild ( Stanley ) , the Demon ( Simmons ) , the Spaceman or Space Ace ( Frehley ) , and the Catman ( Criss ) . Due to creative differences , both Criss and Frehley had departed the group by 1982 . In 1983 , Kiss began performing without makeup and costumes , thus marking the beginning of the band 's unmasked era that would last for over a decade . They accordingly experienced a commercial resurgence , with the platinum certified album Lick It Up successfully introducing them to a new generation of fans , and their music videos received regular airplay on MTV . Eric Carr , who had replaced Criss in 1980 , died in 1991 of heart cancer and was replaced by Eric Singer . In response to a wave of Kiss nostalgia in the mid-1990s , the original lineup re-united in 1996 , which also saw the return of their makeup and stage costumes . The resulting Alive/Worldwide Tour was highly successful , grossing $ 143.7 million , making it their most successful tour to date . Criss and Frehley have both since left the band again and have been replaced by Singer and Tommy Thayer ."}]}, {'value': '59,958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Recording of Kiss Symphony : Alive IV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiss_Symphony:_Alive_IV', 'summary': "Symphony : Alive IV is a 2003 live album from the American rock band Kiss , performing with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra ( MSO ) . The arrangements were made by David Campbell , who also conducted the MSO . It is the group 's fourth album in the Alive series and first release under Kiss Records and Sanctuary Records ."}]}, {'value': '20 March 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen', 'summary': "Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen ( born September 23 , 1949 ) is an American singer , songwriter , and musician who is both a solo artist and the leader of the E Street Band . He received critical acclaim for his early 1970s albums and attained worldwide fame upon the release of Born to Run in 1975 . During a career that has spanned five decades , Springsteen has become known for his poetic and socially conscious lyrics and lengthy , energetic stage performances , earning the nickname The Boss . He has recorded both rock albums and folk-oriented works , and his lyrics often address the experiences and struggles of working-class Americans . Born in the U.S.A. ( 1984 ) is Springsteen 's most critically acclaimed and commercially successful album , proving him to be one of the most successful rock figures of the 1980s . It was certified 15x Platinum in the US and has sold 30 million copies worldwide , making it one of the best-selling albums of all time . Seven of its singles reached the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 including the title track , which was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans - some of whom were Springsteen 's friends . Advocating for the rights of the common working-class man , the song made a huge political impact . Springsteen 's other best-known songs include Born to Run ( 1975 ) , Thunder Road ( 1975 ) , Badlands ( 1978 ) , Hungry Heart ( 1980 ) , Dancing in the Dark ( 1984 ) , Glory Days ( 1985 ) , Brilliant Disguise ( 1987 ) , Human Touch ( 1992 ) , Streets of Philadelphia ( 1994 ) , and The Rising ( 2002 ) . Springsteen has sold more than 135 million records worldwide and more than 64 million records in the United States , making him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . He has earned numerous awards for his work , including 20 Grammy Awards , two Golden Globes , an Academy Award , and a Tony Award ( for Springsteen on Broadway ) . Springsteen was inducted into both the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999 , received the Kennedy Center Honors in 2009 , was named MusiCares person of the year in 2013 , and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of The Rising Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Rising_Tour', 'summary': 'The Rising Tour was a lengthy , worldwide , top-grossing concert tour featuring Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band that took place in arenas and stadiums over 2002 and 2003 . It followed the release of their 2002 album The Rising .'}]}, {'value': '10 December 2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robbie Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robbie_Williams', 'summary': 'Robert Peter Williams ( born 13 February 1974 ) is an English singer-songwriter and entertainer . He found fame as a member of the pop group Take That from 1989 to 1995 , but achieved greater commercial success with his solo career , beginning in 1997 . Williams has released seven UK number one singles and eleven out of his twelve studio albums have reached number one in the UK . He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America . Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom-four albums in the top 60-and in 2006 he entered the Guinness Book of World Records for selling 1.6 million tickets of his Close Encounters Tour in a single day . Williams has received a record eighteen Brit Awards - winning Best British Male Artist four times , two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the 2017 Brits Icon for his lasting impact on British culture , and three MTV European Music Awards . In 2004 , he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted the Greatest Artist of the 1990s . According to the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , Williams has been certified for 19.9 million albums and 7.2 million singles in the UK as a solo artist . He is also one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold 75 million records worldwide . Williams also topped the 2000-2010 UK airplay chart . His three concerts at Knebworth in 2003 drew over 375,000 people , the UKs biggest music event to that point . In 2014 , he was awarded the freedom of his home town of Stoke-on-Trent , as well as having a tourist trail created and streets named in his honour .'}]}, {'value': '57,027', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of The 2003 Tour', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17 December 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Green Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Green_Day', 'summary': "Green Day is an American rock band formed in the East Bay of California in 1987 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist and backing vocalist Mike Dirnt . For much of the band 's career , they have been a trio with drummer Tré Cool , who replaced John Kiffmeyer in 1990 prior to the recording of the band 's second studio album , Kerplunk ( 1991 ) . Touring guitarist Jason White became a full-time member in 2012 , but returned to his role as a touring member in 2016 . Green Day was originally part of the late 80s-early 90s punk scene at the DIY 924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley , California . The band 's early releases were with the independent record label Lookout ! Records . In 1994 , their major label debut Dookie , released through Reprise Records , became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. Green Day is credited alongside fellow California punk bands NOFX , Sublime , Bad Religion , the Offspring , and Rancid with popularizing mainstream interest in punk rock in the U.S . Though the albums Insomniac ( 1995 ) , Nimrod ( 1997 ) , and Warning ( 2000 ) did not match the success of Dookie , they were still successful with the former two reaching triple platinum status while the latter achieved gold . Green Day 's seventh album , a rock opera called American Idiot ( 2004 ) , found popularity with a younger generation , selling six million copies in the U.S. Their next album , 21st Century Breakdown , was released in 2009 and achieved the band 's best chart performance . It was followed by a trilogy of albums , ¡Uno ! , ¡Dos ! , and ¡Tré ! , released in September , November , and December 2012 respectively . The trilogy did not perform as well as expected commercially in comparison to their previous albums largely due to lack of promotion and lead singer and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong going into rehab . Their twelfth studio album , Revolution Radio , was released in October 2016 and became their third to debut at No ."}]}, {'value': '8,439', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the American Idiot World Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Idiot_World_Tour', 'summary': "The American Idiot World Tour was a concert tour by American punk band Green Day in support of the group 's seventh studio album , American Idiot , which was released in September 2004 . The tour began in Los Angeles at the Grand Olympic Auditorium on July 29 , and the last show was in Australia at the Telstra Dome . During the tour , the band played at the 2004 Reading Festival in England . During the tour , Green Day recorded a live album , Bullet in a Bible , which was released in 2005 , as a CD/DVD set . The concert at which the album was recorded was in England , at the Milton Keynes National Bowl , and was attended by more than 130,000 people . The DVD sold more than 1,500,000 copies and went Platinum in the UK and in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '18-19 November 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U2', 'summary': "U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin , formed in 1976 . The group consists of Bono ( lead vocals and rhythm guitar ) , the Edge ( lead guitar , keyboards , and backing vocals ) , Adam Clayton ( bass guitar ) , and Larry Mullen Jr. ( drums and percussion ) . Initially rooted in post-punk , U2 's musical style has evolved throughout their career , yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono 's expressive vocals and the Edge 's effects-based guitar textures . Their lyrics , often embellished with spiritual imagery , focus on personal and sociopolitical themes . Popular for their live performances , the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career . The band formed as teenagers while attending Mount Temple Comprehensive School , when they had limited musical proficiency . Within four years , they signed with Island Records and released their debut album , Boy ( 1980 ) . Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album , War ( 1983 ) , and the singles Sunday Bloody Sunday and Pride ( In the Name of Love ) helped establish U2 's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group . By the mid-1980s , they had become renowned globally for their live act , highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985 . The group 's fifth album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success . Topping music charts around the world , it produced their only number-one singles in the US to date : With or Without You and I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For . Facing creative stagnation and a backlash following their documentary/double album , Rattle and Hum ( 1988 ) , U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image ."}]}, {'value': '127,275', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Vertigo Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vertigo_Tour', 'summary': "The Vertigo Tour was a worldwide concert tour by the Irish rock band U2 . Staged in support of the group 's 2004 album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb , the tour visited arenas and stadiums from 2005 through 2006 . The Vertigo Tour consisted of five legs that alternated between indoor arena shows in North America and outdoor stadium shows internationally . Much like the previous Elevation Tour , the indoor portion of the Vertigo Tour featured a stripped-down , intimate stage design . Protruding from the main stage was an ellipse-shaped catwalk that encapsulated a small number of fans . The tour grossed US $ 260 million in 110 sold-out concerts in 2005 , making it the top-grossing tour of the year . In North America alone , the tour grossed $ 138.9 million from 1.4 million tickets sold . The Vertigo Tour won the 2005 Billboard Roadwork Touring Awards for Top Tour , Top Draw , and Top Single Event , and U2 's management company Principle Management won for Top Manager . By the time it finished , the Vertigo Tour had sold 4,619,021 tickets from 131 shows , and became the second-highest-grossing concert tour with $ 389 million earned . The tour was depicted in three concert films : Vertigo 2005 : Live from Chicago , Vertigo : Live from Milan , and U2 3D ."}]}, {'value': '17-18 December 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robbie Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robbie_Williams', 'summary': 'Robert Peter Williams ( born 13 February 1974 ) is an English singer-songwriter and entertainer . He found fame as a member of the pop group Take That from 1989 to 1995 , but achieved greater commercial success with his solo career , beginning in 1997 . Williams has released seven UK number one singles and eleven out of his twelve studio albums have reached number one in the UK . He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America . Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom-four albums in the top 60-and in 2006 he entered the Guinness Book of World Records for selling 1.6 million tickets of his Close Encounters Tour in a single day . Williams has received a record eighteen Brit Awards - winning Best British Male Artist four times , two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the 2017 Brits Icon for his lasting impact on British culture , and three MTV European Music Awards . In 2004 , he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted the Greatest Artist of the 1990s . According to the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) , Williams has been certified for 19.9 million albums and 7.2 million singles in the UK as a solo artist . He is also one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold 75 million records worldwide . Williams also topped the 2000-2010 UK airplay chart . His three concerts at Knebworth in 2003 drew over 375,000 people , the UKs biggest music event to that point . In 2014 , he was awarded the freedom of his home town of Stoke-on-Trent , as well as having a tourist trail created and streets named in his honour .'}]}, {'value': '125,274', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Close Encounters Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Close_Encounters_Tour', 'summary': "The Close Encounters Tour was a concert tour by British recording artist , Robbie Williams . Running from April to December 2006 , the tour supported Williams ' sixth studio album , Intensive Care . To date , it was the singer 's largest tour , playing over 50 shows in Africa , Asia , Europe , the Americas , and Australia . It is believed to have played to over 3 million spectators and earned over $ 60 million [ citation needed ] . The name is derived from the 1977 film , Close Encounters of the Third Kind ."}]}, {'value': '13-15 November 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'André Rieu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Rieu', 'summary': 'André Léon Marie Nicolas Rieu ( born 1 October 1949 ) is a Dutch violinist and conductor best known for creating the waltz-playing Johann Strauss Orchestra . He and his orchestra have turned classical and waltz music into a worldwide concert touring act , as successful as some of the biggest global pop and rock music acts . He resides in his native Maastricht .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the stadium tour with the Johann Strauss Orchestra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johann_Strauss_Orchestra', 'summary': "The Johann Strauss Orchestra was founded by André Rieu in 1987 . At the time of its first concert on January 1 , 1988 , the orchestra consisted of 12 musicians . By 2008 the orchestra had expanded to 43 members and has performed regularly with guest musicians and singers such as Carla Maffioletti , Mirusia Louwerse , Carmen Monarcha and the Platin Tenors . The orchestra is well known for performing classical works with a distinctly unorthodox frivolity , joking with the audience and performing all sorts of antics . The Orchestra now performs with between 50 and 60 musicians on very large stages . At the time the Orchestra first toured Europe , there emerged a renewed interest in waltz music . The revival began in the Netherlands and was ignited by their recording of the Second Waltz from Shostakovich 's Suite for Variety Orchestra . As a result , Rieu became known as the modern Waltz King , a title originally bestowed upon Johann Strauss II . Rieu and his orchestra have performed throughout Europe , in North America , Japan , and Australia . Winning a number of awards including two World Music Awards , their recordings have gone gold and platinum in many countries , including 8-times Platinum in the Netherlands . Rieu records both DVD and CD repertoire at his own studios in Maastricht in a wide range of classical music as well as popular and folk music plus music from well-known soundtracks and musical theatre . His lively orchestral presentations , in tandem with effective marketing , have attracted worldwide audiences to this subgenre of classical music ."}]}, {'value': '20 November 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pearl Jam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pearl_Jam', 'summary': "Pearl Jam is an American rock band formed in 1990 in Seattle , Washington . As of 2020 [ update ] , the band 's lineup consists of founding members Eddie Vedder ( lead vocals , guitar ) , Mike McCready ( lead guitar ) , Stone Gossard ( rhythm guitar ) and Jeff Ament ( bass ) as well as drummer Matt Cameron , who joined in 1998 . Keyboardist Boom Gaspar has also been a session/touring member with the band since 2002 . Drummers Jack Irons , Dave Krusen , Matt Chamberlain and Dave Abbruzzese are former members of the band . Formed after the demise of Gossard and Ament 's previous band , Mother Love Bone , Pearl Jam broke into the mainstream with its debut album , Ten , in 1991 . One of the key bands in the grunge movement of the early 1990s , its members often shunned popular music industry practices such as making music videos or giving interviews . The band also sued Ticketmaster , claiming it had monopolized the concert-ticket market . In 2006 , Rolling Stone described the band as having spent much of the past decade deliberately tearing apart their own fame . The band had sold nearly 32 million albums in the United States by 2012 , and by 2018 , they had sold more than 85 million albums worldwide . Pearl Jam outsold many of its contemporary alternative rock bands from the early 1990s , and is considered one of the most influential bands of the decade . AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine referred to Pearl Jam as the most popular American rock & roll band of the '90s . Pearl Jam was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 7 , 2017 , in its first year of eligibility ."}]}, {'value': '45,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Backspacer Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Backspacer_Tour', 'summary': 'The Backspacer Tour was a concert tour by the American rock band Pearl Jam to support its ninth album , Backspacer . Fifty-six shows were played , across North America , Europe and Oceania .'}]}, {'value': '3 March 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Michael', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Michael', 'summary': "George Michael ( born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou ; 25 June 1963 - 25 December 2016 ) was an English singer , songwriter , record producer , and philanthropist who rose to fame as a member of the music duo Wham ! and later embarked on a solo career . Michael sold over 80 million records worldwide making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time . He achieved seven number one songs on the UK Singles Chart and eight number one songs on the US Billboard Hot 100 . He was widely known for his success in the 1980s and 1990s , including Wham ! singles such as Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go and Last Christmas and solo singles such as Careless Whisper and Faith . Michael formed the duo Wham ! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981 . The band 's first two albums , Fantastic ( 1983 ) and Make It Big ( 1984 ) , reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200 . Michael 's first solo single Careless Whisper reached number one in over 20 countries , including the UK and US . Michael 's debut solo album , Faith , was released in 1987 , topping the UK Albums Chart and staying at number one on the Billboard 200 for 12 weeks . Four singles from the album -- Faith , Father Figure , One More Try , and Monkey -- reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 ."}]}, {'value': '47,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the George Michael Live in Australia tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Michael_Live_in_Australia', 'summary': 'George Michael Live in Australia was a concert tour by English singer-songwriter George Michael . For the first time since his Faith Tour in 1988 , Michael returned to Australia in 2010 to perform his LIVE concert .'}]}, {'value': '11,13 & 15 February 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AC/DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AC/DC', 'summary': "AC/DC are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young . Their music has been variously described as hard rock , blues rock , and heavy metal ; however , the band themselves describe their music as simply rock and roll . AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album , High Voltage , in 1975 . Membership subsequently stabilised around the Young brothers , singer Bon Scott , drummer Phil Rudd , and bass player Mark Evans . Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage . In February 1980 , a few months after recording the album Highway to Hell , lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died of acute alcohol poisoning . The group considered disbanding but stayed together , bringing in Brian Johnson as replacement for Scott . Later that year , the band released their first album with Johnson , Back in Black , which they dedicated to Scott 's memory . The album launched them to new heights of success and became one of the best selling albums of all time . The band 's next album , For Those About to Rock We Salute You , was their first album to reach number one in the United States . The band fired Phil Rudd as drummer in 1983 , and Simon Wright filled his place until quitting in 1989 , being in turn replaced by Chris Slade . The band experienced a commercial resurgence in the early 1990s with the release of The Razors Edge ."}]}, {'value': '181,495', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Black Ice World Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Ice_World_Tour', 'summary': 'Black Ice World Tour was a 2008-2010 concert tour by Australian rock band AC/DC , in support of their fifteenth studio album Black Ice ( 2008 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1 & 3 December 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U2', 'summary': "U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin , formed in 1976 . The group consists of Bono ( lead vocals and rhythm guitar ) , the Edge ( lead guitar , keyboards , and backing vocals ) , Adam Clayton ( bass guitar ) , and Larry Mullen Jr. ( drums and percussion ) . Initially rooted in post-punk , U2 's musical style has evolved throughout their career , yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono 's expressive vocals and the Edge 's effects-based guitar textures . Their lyrics , often embellished with spiritual imagery , focus on personal and sociopolitical themes . Popular for their live performances , the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career . The band formed as teenagers while attending Mount Temple Comprehensive School , when they had limited musical proficiency . Within four years , they signed with Island Records and released their debut album , Boy ( 1980 ) . Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album , War ( 1983 ) , and the singles Sunday Bloody Sunday and Pride ( In the Name of Love ) helped establish U2 's reputation as a politically and socially conscious group . By the mid-1980s , they had become renowned globally for their live act , highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985 . The group 's fifth album , The Joshua Tree ( 1987 ) , made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success . Topping music charts around the world , it produced their only number-one singles in the US to date : With or Without You and I Still Have n't Found What I 'm Looking For . Facing creative stagnation and a backlash following their documentary/double album , Rattle and Hum ( 1988 ) , U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image ."}]}, {'value': '105,312', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the U2 360° Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U2_360°_Tour', 'summary': "The U2 360° Tour was a worldwide concert tour by rock band U2 . Staged in support of the group 's 2009 album No Line on the Horizon , the tour visited stadiums from 2009 through 2011 . The concerts featured the band playing in the round on a circular stage , allowing the audience to surround them on all sides . To accommodate the stage configuration , a large four-legged structure nicknamed The Claw was built above the stage , with the sound system and a cylindrical , expanding video screen on top of it . At 164 feet ( 50 m ) tall , it was the largest stage ever constructed . U2 claimed that the tour would be the first time a band has toured in stadiums with such a unique and original structure . In an era of declining music sales , analysts expected U2 360° to be a major source of income for the band . Every date of the tour sold out , many within minutes of tickets going on sale . To accommodate the time required to assemble and transport The Claw between tour dates , three separate stage structures were required on tour . The 360-degree production increased the capacity of venues by up to 25% , leading to attendance records at over 60 venues . Various themes were incorporated into the shows ; portions of the concerts featured outer space themes , due to The Claw 's resemblance to a spaceship . Pre-recorded messages from the International Space Station were displayed during the shows , as were sociopolitical statements from Desmond Tutu and Aung San Suu Kyi ."}]}, {'value': '11 December 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bon Jovi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bon_Jovi', 'summary': "Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville , New Jersey . It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi , keyboardist David Bryan , drummer Tico Torres , guitarist Phil X , and bassist Hugh McDonald . Previous bassist Alec John Such was dismissed in 1994 , and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013 . In 1984 and 1985 , Bon Jovi released their first two albums and their debut single Runaway managed to crack the Top 40 . In 1986 , the band achieved widespread success and global recognition with their third album , Slippery When Wet , which sold over 20 million copies and included three Top 10 singles , two of which reached No . 1 ( You Give Love a Bad Name and Livin ' on a Prayer ) Their fourth album , New Jersey ( 1988 ) , was also very successful , selling over 10 million copies and featuring five Top 10 singles ( a record for a hard rock album ) , two of which reached No . 1 ( Bad Medicine and I 'll Be There for You ) . After the band toured and recorded extensively during the late 1980s , culminating in the 1988-90 New Jersey Tour , Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora released successful solo albums in 1990 and 1991 , respectively . In 1992 , the band returned with the double-platinum Keep the Faith . This was followed by their biggest-selling and longest-charting single Always ( 1994 ) and the album These Days ( 1995 ) , which proved to be a bigger hit in Europe than in the United States , producing four Top Ten singles in the United Kingdom . Following a second hiatus , their 2000 album Crush , particularly the lead single , It 's My Life , successfully introduced the band to a younger audience . The band followed up with Bounce in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': '54,414', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of The Circle Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Circle_Tour', 'summary': "The Circle Tour is a worldwide concert tour by American rock band Bon Jovi . The tour was supporting the band 's 11th studio album The Circle ( 2009 ) . Starting in North America in early 2010 , the tour progressed to Europe , South America , Asia and Australia before the years end . It included a historic 12 night run at the O2 Arena in London and four nights in East Rutherford , New Jersey to celebrate the grand opening of the Meadowlands Stadium . The tour was the # 1 top-grossing concert tour for 2010 in the United States . Bon Jovi also played a special free performance for fans and former season ticket holders of the Jon Bon Jovi-owned arena football team The Philadelphia Soul on March 24 at 5:00pm a few hours before the band 's show at Philadelphia 's Wachovia Center . The band ended the first year of the tour in Australasia , playing two shows in New Zealand and eight shows in Australia including a VIP-ONLY gig on December 15 at Star City Casino ."}]}, {'value': '31 December 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Armin van Buuren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Armin_van_Buuren', 'summary': 'Armin Jozef Jacobus Daniël van Buuren OON ( /væn ˈbjʊərən/ van BEWR-ən , Dutch : [ ˈɑrmɪn ˈjoːzəf jɑˈkoːbʏs ˈdaːniˌjɛl vɑn ˈbyːrə ( n ) ] ; born 25 December 1976 ) is a Dutch DJ , record producer and remixer from Leiden , South Holland . Since 2001 , he has hosted A State of Trance , a weekly radio show , which is broadcast to nearly 40 million listeners in 84 countries on over 100 FM radio stations . According to Djs And Festivals , the radio show propelled him to stardom and helped cultivate an interest in trance music around the world . Van Buuren has won a number of accolades . He has been ranked the number one DJ by DJ Mag a record of five times , four years in a row . He was ranked fourth on the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs list in 2015 , 2016 , and 2019 , and third in 2017 . In 2014 , he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for his single This Is What It Feels Like featuring Trevor Guthrie , which makes him the fourth trance artist ever to receive a Grammy Award nomination . In the United States , he holds the record for most entries , twenty-one , on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Part of 'Armin Only Mirage ' event", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 December 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eminem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eminem', 'summary': "Marshall Bruce Mathers III ( born October 17 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Eminem ( /ˌɛmɪˈnɛm/ ; often stylized as EMINƎM ) , is an American rapper , songwriter , record producer , record executive and actor . He is one of the most successful musical artists of the 21st century . In addition to his solo career , Eminem was a member of the hip hop group D12 . He is also known for collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . After his debut album Infinite ( 1996 ) and the extended play Slim Shady EP ( 1997 ) , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP and its lead single My Name Is . His next two releases The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) and The Eminem Show ( 2002 ) were worldwide successes and were both nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year . As a result of being a leading figure in a form of black music , Eminem was subject to comparisons to Elvis Presley at the time . After the release of Encore in 2004 , which faced heavy criticism by fans and critics for its lackluster quality , Eminem went on hiatus in 2005 partly due to a prescription drug addiction . He released Relapse in 2009 and Recovery the following year , which both won Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album . Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , making it his second album , after The Eminem Show in 2002 , to be the best-selling album worldwide . In the following years , he released the US number one albums The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , Revival , Kamikaze and Music to Be Murdered By . Eminem starred in the drama film 8 Mile ( 2002 ) playing a fictionalized version of himself , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Lose Yourself , making him the first hip hop artist to ever win the award ."}]}, {'value': '61,405', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of The Recovery Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Recovery_Tour', 'summary': 'The Recovery Tour was a series of European concerts by American rapper Eminem , in support of his 2010 album Recovery as well as his 2009 album Relapse . Instead of widely touring the album , Eminem took the tour to three European festivals , performing to over 200,000 people over three nights . In November 2010 , Eminem headlined the F1 Rocks 2010 in São Paulo . In the following year , another eight shows on festivals in North America and Europe were announced . The tour was also extended to 3 stadium shows in Australia that took place in December 2011 . They were his first Australian shows since 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '13 November 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coldplay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coldplay', 'summary': "Coldplay are a British rock band formed in London in 1996 . Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin , guitarist Jonny Buckland , bassist Guy Berryman , and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998 , first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay . Creative director and former manager Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band . After changing their name to Coldplay , they recorded and released two EPs : Safety in 1998 and The Blue Room in 1999 . The latter was their first release on a major record label , after signing to Parlophone . Coldplay achieved worldwide fame with the release of the song Yellow in 2000 , followed in the same year by their debut album Parachutes , which was nominated for the Mercury Prize . The band 's second album , A Rush of Blood to the Head ( 2002 ) , was released to critical acclaim and won many awards , including NME 's Album of the Year . Their next release , X & Y , the best-selling album worldwide in 2005 , received mostly positive reviews , though some critics felt it was inferior to its predecessor . Their fourth studio album , Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends ( 2008 ) , the best-selling album worldwide of 2008 , was produced by Brian Eno and released to largely positive reviews , earning three Grammy Awards . In October 2011 , Coldplay released their fifth studio album , Mylo Xyloto , which topped the charts in over 34 countries , was the UK 's best-selling rock album of 2011 , and received moderately positive reviews . Their sixth album , Ghost Stories , released in 2014 , received mixed reviews and topped several national album charts . The following year the band released their seventh album , A Head Full of Dreams , which reached the top two in most major markets , but received generally mixed reviews ."}]}, {'value': '63,378', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Mylo Xyloto Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mylo_Xyloto_Tour', 'summary': 'The Mylo Xyloto Tour was the fifth concert tour by British band Coldplay . Launched in support of their fifth studio album Mylo Xyloto ( 2011 ) , the tour began in the spring of 2011 with a series of one-off concerts in Europe and festivals including Rock in Rio in Brazil . A full-production show began in December 2011 in the United Kingdom . It continued into 2012 with shows in North America , Europe and Oceania .'}]}, {'value': '5 January 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mariah Carey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariah_Carey', 'summary': "Mariah Carey ( born March 27 , 1969 or 1970 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actress and entrepreneur . Referred to as the Songbird Supreme by the Guinness World Records , she is noted for her five-octave vocal range , melismatic singing style , signature use of the whistle register , and songwriting prowess . She rose to fame in 1990 after signing to Columbia Records and releasing her eponymous debut album , which topped the U.S . Billboard 200 for eleven consecutive weeks . Soon after , Carey became the only artist ever to have their first five singles reach number one on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 chart , from Vision of Love to Emotions . Carey achieved worldwide success with follow-up R & B and pop albums Music Box ( 1993 ) , Merry Christmas ( 1994 ) , and Daydream ( 1995 ) . These albums spawned some of Carey 's most successful singles , including Hero , Without You , All I Want for Christmas Is You , Fantasy , Always Be My Baby , as well as One Sweet Day , which later became Billboard 's Song Of The Decade ( 1990s ) . After separating from Mottola , Carey adopted a new image and incorporated more elements of hip hop into her music with the release of Butterfly ( 1997 ) . Billboard named her the country 's most successful artist of the 1990s , while the World Music Awards honored her as the world 's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s , and the best-selling female artist of the millennium . After eleven consecutive years charting a U.S. number-one single , Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $ 100 million recording contract with Virgin Records . However , following her highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown , as well as the critical and commercial failure of her film Glitter ( 2001 ) and its accompanying soundtrack , her contract was bought out for $ 50 million by Virgin and she signed with Island Records the next year ."}]}, {'value': '46,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the one-off Australian tour', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5-6 March 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KISS / Mötley Crüe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiss_(band)', 'summary': "Kiss ( often stylized as KIϟϟ ) is an American rock band formed in New York City in January 1973 by Paul Stanley , Gene Simmons , Peter Criss , and Ace Frehley . Well known for its members ' face paint and stage outfits , the group rose to prominence in the mid-to-late 1970s with their elaborate live performances , which featured fire breathing , blood-spitting , smoking guitars , shooting rockets , levitating drum kits , and pyrotechnics . The band has gone through several lineup changes , with Stanley and Simmons being the only members to feature in every lineup . The original and best-known lineup consisted of Stanley ( vocals and rhythm guitar ) , Simmons ( vocals and bass ) , Frehley ( lead guitar and vocals ) , and Criss ( drums and vocals ) . With their make-up and costumes , they took on the personae of comic book-style characters : the Starchild ( Stanley ) , the Demon ( Simmons ) , the Spaceman or Space Ace ( Frehley ) , and the Catman ( Criss ) . Due to creative differences , both Criss and Frehley had departed the group by 1982 . In 1983 , Kiss began performing without makeup and costumes , thus marking the beginning of the band 's unmasked era that would last for over a decade . They accordingly experienced a commercial resurgence , with the platinum certified album Lick It Up successfully introducing them to a new generation of fans , and their music videos received regular airplay on MTV . Eric Carr , who had replaced Criss in 1980 , died in 1991 of heart cancer and was replaced by Eric Singer . In response to a wave of Kiss nostalgia in the mid-1990s , the original lineup re-united in 1996 , which also saw the return of their makeup and stage costumes . The resulting Alive/Worldwide Tour was highly successful , grossing $ 143.7 million , making it their most successful tour to date . Criss and Frehley have both since left the band again and have been replaced by Singer and Tommy Thayer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mötley_Crüe', 'summary': "Mötley Crüe is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles , California , in 1981 . The group was founded by bassist Nikki Sixx , drummer Tommy Lee , lead guitarist Mick Mars and lead singer Vince Neil . Mötley Crüe has sold over 100 million albums worldwide . They have also achieved seven platinum or multi-platinum certifications , nine Top 10 albums on the Billboard 200 chart ( including 1989 's Dr. Feelgood , which is Mötley Crüe 's only album to reach number one ) , twenty-two Top 40 mainstream rock hits , and six Top 20 pop singles . The band experienced several short-term lineup changes in the 1990s and 2000s ; these included the introduction of vocalist John Corabi ( who was Neil 's replacement from 1992 to 1996 ) and drummers Randy Castillo and Samantha Maloney , both of whom filled in for Lee during his absence from the band from 1999 to 2004 . The members of Mötley Crüe have often been noted for their hedonistic lifestyles and the androgynous personae they maintained . Following the hard rock and heavy metal origins on the band 's first two albums , Too Fast for Love ( 1981 ) and Shout at the Devil ( 1983 ) , the release of its third album Theatre of Pain ( 1985 ) saw Mötley Crüe joining the first wave of glam metal . The band has also been known for their elaborate live performances , which features flame thrower guitars , roller coaster drum kits , and heavy use of pyrotechnics . Mötley Crüe 's most recent studio album , Saints of Los Angeles , was released on June 24 , 2008 . What was planned to be the band 's final show took place on New Year 's Eve , December 31 , 2015 . The concert was filmed for a theatrical and Blu-ray release in 2016 . After two-and-a-half years of inactivity , Neil announced in September 2018 that Mötley Crüe had reunited and was working on new material ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Monster Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monster_Tour_(Kiss)', 'summary': 'The Monster World Tour was a concert tour by the American hard rock group Kiss in support of their 20th studio album , Monster . Fresh off the heels of the recent success of The Tour with Mötley Crüe and the second annual KISS Kruise , the tour officially began on November 7 , 2012 in Buenos Aires , Argentina . Kiss played shows in Australia for the first time since 2008 , and Europe , including a few festivals in June . They played their longest Canadian tour to date in July through early August with a few US concerts following after , including a show at ArenaBowl XXVI in Orlando , Florida . They played in Japan for the first time since 2006 in October 2013 . The new stage show , first used in the European leg , involved a giant robotic spider that moved across the stage and all four members were lifted into the air . The spider shot pyro from its legs and had eyes that glowed .'}]}, {'value': '7 & 8 December 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bon Jovi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bon_Jovi', 'summary': "Bon Jovi is an American rock band formed in 1983 in Sayreville , New Jersey . It consists of singer Jon Bon Jovi , keyboardist David Bryan , drummer Tico Torres , guitarist Phil X , and bassist Hugh McDonald . Previous bassist Alec John Such was dismissed in 1994 , and longtime guitarist and co-songwriter Richie Sambora left in 2013 . In 1984 and 1985 , Bon Jovi released their first two albums and their debut single Runaway managed to crack the Top 40 . In 1986 , the band achieved widespread success and global recognition with their third album , Slippery When Wet , which sold over 20 million copies and included three Top 10 singles , two of which reached No . 1 ( You Give Love a Bad Name and Livin ' on a Prayer ) Their fourth album , New Jersey ( 1988 ) , was also very successful , selling over 10 million copies and featuring five Top 10 singles ( a record for a hard rock album ) , two of which reached No . 1 ( Bad Medicine and I 'll Be There for You ) . After the band toured and recorded extensively during the late 1980s , culminating in the 1988-90 New Jersey Tour , Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora released successful solo albums in 1990 and 1991 , respectively . In 1992 , the band returned with the double-platinum Keep the Faith . This was followed by their biggest-selling and longest-charting single Always ( 1994 ) and the album These Days ( 1995 ) , which proved to be a bigger hit in Europe than in the United States , producing four Top Ten singles in the United Kingdom . Following a second hiatus , their 2000 album Crush , particularly the lead single , It 's My Life , successfully introduced the band to a younger audience . The band followed up with Bounce in 2002 ."}]}, {'value': '91,505', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Part of the Because We Can : The Tour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Because_We_Can:_The_Tour', 'summary': "Because We Can was a concert tour by American rock band , Bon Jovi . The tour was in support of the band 's twelfth studio album What About Now . The tour was named after the lead single from What About Now . All five major continents were visited during the 2013 tour . The tour saw the band travel to Wales for the first time in 12 years since their 2001 One Wild Night Tour and was also the first time in 18 years since their 1995 These Days Tour that the band returned to Africa for two dates in South Africa . Furthermore , the tour also saw the band travel to Cologne performing in the RheinEnergieStadion also for the first time in 12 years since their 2001 tour , this tour was the first time in the band 's 30-year history that they visited Bulgaria and Poland . The tour ranked 1st on Pollstar 's annual Top 100 Mid Year Worldwide Tours . It earned $ 142.1 million from 60 shows . At the end of 2013 , the tour placed 1st on Pollstar 's Top 100 Worldwide Tours , grossing $ 259.5 million from 102 shows . This is the band 's last tour to feature guitarist Richie Sambora , as he left the band during the initial leg and first show in Canada , informing the band via management just hours before the show took place . He would not return for the remainder of the dates . The J. Geils Band played opening act for some shows in the summer dates ."}]}], 'section_title': 'In popular culture -- One-off events', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Docklands_Stadium_1', 'intro': "Docklands Stadium, also known by naming rights sponsorship as Marvel Stadium, is a multi-purpose sports and entertainment stadium in the Docklands area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Construction started in October 1997, under the working name Victoria Stadium, and was completed in 2000 at a cost of A$460 million. Originally built as a replacement for Waverley Park, the stadium is primarily used for Australian rules football and is the headquarters of the Australian Football League (AFL) which, since 7 October 2016, has had exclusive ownership of the venue. Also headquartered in the stadium precinct is Seven Network's digital broadcast centre. The stadium also hosts a number of other sporting events, including some domestic Twenty20 cricket matches, Melbourne Victory soccer home matches, one-off rugby league and rugby union matches as well as number of special events and concerts."}
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What are the notes for the band whose performances include fire breathing , blood-spitting , smoking guitars , shooting rockets , levitating drum kits , and pyrotechnics ?
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Kiss Symphony : Alive IV
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ffa2ced4f9fdfe91
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Uttar_Pradesh', 'title': 'List of institutions of higher education in Uttar Pradesh', 'header': ['University', 'Location', 'Established'], 'data': [{'value': 'Amity University , Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amity_University,_Noida', 'summary': 'Amity University , Noida is a private research university located in Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India . It was established in 2005 by an Act of the State Legislature of Uttar Pradesh . The university is a part of Amity education group .'}]}, {'value': 'Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noida', 'summary': "Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority , is a planned city under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority ( also called NOIDA ) . It is a satellite city of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India . As per provisional reports of Census of India , the population of Noida in 2011 was 642,381 . Noida is located in Gautam Buddh Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state in close proximity to NCT of Delhi . The district 's administrative headquarters are in the nearby town of Greater Noida . The city is a part of the Noida ( Vidhan Sabha ) constituency and Gautam Buddha Nagar ( Lok Sabha ) constituency . Minister of State for Culture and Tourism Mahesh Sharma is the present Lok Sabha MP of Gautam Buddha Nagar , while Pankaj Singh is the present MLA of Noida . Noida was ranked as the Best City in Uttar Pradesh and the Best City in Housing in all of India in Best City Awards conducted by ABP News in 2015 . Noida replaced Mumbai as the second-best realty destination , according to an analyst report . Roads in Noida are lined by trees and it is considered to be India 's greenest city with nearly 50% green cover , the highest of any city in India ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bennett University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bennett_University', 'summary': 'Bennett University is a private interdisciplinary research university located in Greater Noida , Uttar Pradesh in the National Capital Region ( NCR ) , India . Founded in 2016 by Times of India Group and established under Uttar Pradesh Act number 24 ( Vide No 1402 ( 2 ) /LXXIX-V-1-16-1 ( Ka ) - 25-2016 ) of 2016 , the university has a fully residential 68-acre campus , near the proposed metro station on Noida-Greater Noida Metro Railway line .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Babu Banarasi Das University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Babu_Banarasi_Das_University', 'summary': 'Babu Banarasi Das University ( BBDU ) is a state private university having its Main Campus in Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India established by Akhilesh Das in 2010 and named after his father and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh , Babu Banarasi Das . The University was incepted by an Act ( No . 25 of 2010 ) of State Legislature of Uttar Pradesh as a State Private University and UGC vide its letter no 8-30/2010 ( CPP-I/PU ) dated 17 February 2011 empowered it to award degrees under section 22 of the UGC Act , 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lucknow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucknow', 'summary': "Lucknow ( /ˈlʌknaʊ/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ ləkʰnəuː ] Lakhna ' ū ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh , and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division . It is the fourteenth-most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration of India . Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub , and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries . It continues to be an important centre of governance , administration , education , commerce , aerospace , finance , pharmaceuticals , technology , design , culture , tourism , music and poetry . The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres ( 404 ft ) above sea level . Lucknow district covers an area of 2,528 square kilometres ( 976 sq mi ) . Bounded on the east by Barabanki , on the west by Unnao , on the south by Raebareli and in the north by Sitapur and Hardoi , Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River . Historically , Lucknow was the capital of the Awadh region , controlled by the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire . It was transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh . In 1856 , the British East India Company abolished local rule and took complete control of the city along with the rest of Awadh and , in 1857 , transferred it to the British Raj . Along with the rest of India , Lucknow became independent from Britain on 15 August 1947 . It has been listed as the 17th-fastest growing city in India and 74th in the world ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galgotias University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galgotias_University', 'summary': 'Galgotias University is a private university in Greater Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India . It is recognized by the University Grants Commission ( UGC ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GLA University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GLA_University', 'summary': 'GLA University was started with the establishment of GLA Institute of Technology & Management offering B.Tech and MCA programs , in the year 1998 by the current Chancellor Mr. Narayan Das Agrawal In the year 1999 , MBA program was introduced with 60 seats . It was in 2006 when GLA group of institutions came into existence with establishment of three new institutions , namely GLA Institute of Management , GLA Institute of Professional Studies , and GLA Institute of Pharmaceutical Research . New courses like BBA , BCA , B.Sc . Biotech , B. Pharma were introduced under these institutions . The GLA University , Mathura is managed by GLA Group of Institutions that later , in 2010 , grew to become the GLA University through the U.P . State Legislative Act of 2009 ( UP Act 21 of 2010 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Mathura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mathura', 'summary': "Mathura ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is located approximately 55 kilometres ( 34 mi ) north of Agra , and 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) south-east of Delhi ; about 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) from the town of Vrindavan , and 22 kilometres ( 14 mi ) from Govardhan . It is the administrative centre of Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh . In ancient times , Mathura was an economic hub , located at the junction of important caravan routes . The 2011 Census of India estimated the population of Mathura at 441,894 . In Hinduism , Mathura is believed to be the birthplace of Krishna , which is located at the Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex . It is one of the Sapta Puri , the seven cities considered holy by Hindus . The Kesava Deo Temple was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna 's birthplace ( an underground prison ) . Mathura was the capital of the kingdom of Surasena , ruled by Kansa , the maternal uncle of Krishna . Janmashtami is grandly celebrated in Mathura every year . Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'IFTM University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IFTM_University', 'summary': 'IFTM University ( Institute of Foreign Trade and Management ) is a Private university located in Moradabad , Uttar Pradesh , India . IFTM University was granted University status by UP government vide IFTM University Act No . 24 of 2010 . It was established in 1996 and located at a distance of 12 km from Moradabad city on Lucknow - Delhi National Highway ( NH-24 ) . IFTM University was granted University status by UP government vide IFTM University Act No . 24 of 2010 . It has been the pioneer in bringing technical and professional education to the city of Moradabad in 1996 . It has expanded into a huge ~51.74 acres campus offering courses in various disciplines and programmes . It is located at a distance of 12 km from Moradabad city on Lucknow-Delhi National Highway ( NH-24 ) . IFTM University offers more than 70 programs of Diploma , Undergraduate , Postgraduate and Doctoral level in Engineering , Business Management , Pharmacy , Biotechnology , Microbiology , Arts , Sciences , Law , Education , Journalism and Mass Communication , Social Science , Computer Application , etc . School of Biotechnology ( SBT ) offers lectures , laboratory-based exercises with linked discussions , Journal Clubs and Experimental Design sessions with the help of highly qualified , experienced and well trained faculty members . The overall goal of the School of Biotechnology is to make basic and translational researches that impact our understanding of the biological sciences and human health and to train the researchers , educators and health care professionals of the future .'}]}, {'value': 'Moradabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moradabad', 'summary': 'Moradabad ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city , commissionary , and a municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . Founded by Rustam Khan , the governor of Katghar with the help of Syed Shah Luthfullah Rehmatullah Alai , under the Mughal emperor Shahjahan , Moradabad was named after prince Murad Bakhsh , the youngest son of the emperor . After its establishment , the city soon replaced Sambhal as the seat of the Governor of Katehar . Moradabad was subsequently annexed into the Kingdom of Rohilkhand by Ali Mohammed Khan in 1740 . The city came under the control of Awadh State in 1774 and was ceded to the British East India Company by the Nawab of Awadh in 1801 . Moradabad is situated on the banks of the Ramganga river , at a distance of 167 km ( 104 mi ) from the national capital , New Delhi and 344 km north-west of the state capital Lucknow . The city is known as Pital Nagri ( Brass City ) for its famous brass handicrafts industry . It is also the divisional headquarters of Northern Railway ( NR ) .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Integral University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Integral_University_(Lucknow)', 'summary': 'Integral University is a state private university in Lucknow , the capital of Uttar Pradesh , India , which originated as the Institute of Integral Technology , Lucknow . The Institute of Integral Technology , Lucknow was established in 1998 . Integral University , the first enacted Minority University in the country , started functioning from 1 April 2004 . Integral University was accorded recognition by U.G.C . under section 2 ( f ) of U.G.C . Act , 1956 . The University was founded in 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lucknow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lucknow', 'summary': "Lucknow ( /ˈlʌknaʊ/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ ləkʰnəuː ] Lakhna ' ū ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh , and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division . It is the fourteenth-most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration of India . Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub , and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries . It continues to be an important centre of governance , administration , education , commerce , aerospace , finance , pharmaceuticals , technology , design , culture , tourism , music and poetry . The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 metres ( 404 ft ) above sea level . Lucknow district covers an area of 2,528 square kilometres ( 976 sq mi ) . Bounded on the east by Barabanki , on the west by Unnao , on the south by Raebareli and in the north by Sitapur and Hardoi , Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River . Historically , Lucknow was the capital of the Awadh region , controlled by the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire . It was transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh . In 1856 , the British East India Company abolished local rule and took complete control of the city along with the rest of Awadh and , in 1857 , transferred it to the British Raj . Along with the rest of India , Lucknow became independent from Britain on 15 August 1947 . It has been listed as the 17th-fastest growing city in India and 74th in the world ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Invertis University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Invertis_University', 'summary': 'Invertis University is a private university located in Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India . It is situated on Bareilly-Lucknow NH-24 , equidistant from the national capital Delhi and state capital Lucknow . The Chancellor of the university is Umesh Gautam and the Vice-Chancellor is Y. D. S. Arya .'}]}, {'value': 'Bareilly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bareilly', 'summary': "Bareilly ( /bəˈrɛli/ ( listen ) ) is a city in Bareilly district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is the capital of Bareilly division and the geographical region of Rohilkhand . The city is 252 kilometres ( 157 mi ) north of the state capital , Lucknow , and 250 kilometres ( 155 mi ) east of the national capital , New Delhi . It is the eighth largest metropolis in Uttar Pradesh , and the 50th-largest city in India . Bareilly also figured amongst the PM Narendra Modi 's ambitious 100 Smart City list in India . It is located on the Ramganga River and is the site of the Ramganga Barrage built for canal irrigation . The city is also known by the name Nath Nagri ( for the seven Shiva temples located in the Bareilly region - Dhopeshwar Nath , Madhi Nath , Alakha Nath , Tapeshwar Nath , Bankhandi Nath , Pashupati Nath and Trivati Nath ) and historically as Sanjashya ( where the Buddha descended from Tushita to earth ) . The city is a centre for furniture manufacturing and trade in cotton , cereal and sugar . Its status grew with its inclusion in the counter magnets list of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) , a list also including Hissar , Patiala , Kota and Gwalior ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jagadguru_Rambhadracharya_Handicapped_University', 'summary': 'Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University ( JRHU ) ( Sanskrit : जगद्गुरुरामभद्राचार्यविकलाङ्गविश्वविद्यालयः , Hindi : जगद्गुरु रामभद्राचार्य विकलांग विश्वविद्यालय ) is a government aided university in Chitrakoot , Uttar Pradesh , India . This is the only university exclusively for the disabled in India and the world . It was established on 27 September 2001 by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya and is run by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Viklang Shikshan Sansthan trust . The university was created by an ordinance by the Uttar Pradesh government , which was later passed as the Uttar Pradesh State Act 32 ( 2001 ) by the Uttar Pradesh legislature . The act appointed Jagadguru Rambhadracharya as the lifelong chancellor . The university offers graduate , post-graduate and doctorate degrees in concentrations including Sanskrit , Hindi , English , Sociology , Psychology , Fine Arts , Special Education , Education , History , Culture & Archeology , Computer & Information Sciences , Vocational Education , Law , Economics , and Prosthetics and Orthotics . It plans to start offering courses in Ayurveda and Medical Sciences from 2013 . Admissions are restricted to the four types of disabled students : visually impaired , hearing impaired , mobility impaired and mentally impaired , as defined by the Disability Act ( 1995 ) of the Government of India . 354 disabled students were awarded degrees in the second convocation of the university held in March 2010 . In the third convocation held in January 2011 , 388 students were awarded degrees . All of the facilities , such as classrooms , hostel , laboratory , etc. , are accessible and adapted for the disabled . An International Ramcharitmanas Research Center isin the university .'}]}, {'value': 'Chitrakoot', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chitrakoot_district', 'summary': 'Chitrakoot district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India , and Chitrakoot town is the district headquarters . Chitrakoot district is a part of Chitrakoot Division.The district occupies an area of 3,216 km².The district has a population of 991,730 ( 2011 Census ) . As of 2011 it is the second least populated district of Uttar Pradesh ( out of 71 ) , after Mahoba .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mangalayatan University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mangalayatan_University', 'summary': "Manglayatan University is a private university established in 2006 , recognised by University Grants Commission ( UGC ) . Its campus is located in the city of Aligarh in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.It offers you a lot for learning . The main moto of this university is 'LEARN TODAY TO LEAD TOMORROW ' which ultimately tells us about the quality of education in Mangalayatan University ."}]}, {'value': 'Aligarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aligarh', 'summary': 'Aligarh ( ( listen ) ; formerly Allygurh and Kol ) is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India . It is the administrative headquarters of Aligarh district , and lies 307 kilometres ( 191 mi ) northwest of Kanpur and approximately 130 kilometres ( 81 mi ) southeast of the capital , New Delhi . The recorded history of Aligarh begins with the establishment of the Aligarh Fort in the 16th century . It is a university town , notable as the seat of Aligarh Muslim University , which was founded here as Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 , initiating the Aligarh movement .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohammad Ali Jauhar University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar_University', 'summary': 'Mohammad Ali Jauhar University is a private university established in 2006 by the Mohammad Ali Jauhar Trust in Rampur , Uttar Pradesh , recognised by University Grants Commission ( UGC ) . Its Chancellor is Samajwadi Party leader Azam Khan . It was granted university status in 2012 by the Uttar Pradesh government . It was granted minority status by National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions ( NCMEI ) on 28 May 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rampur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rampur,_Uttar_Pradesh', 'summary': "Rampur ( /ˈrɑːmpʊər/ pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city , and the municipality headquarter of Rampur District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It was formerly known for its various industries , like sugar refining and cotton milling . Its library has more than 12,000 rare manuscripts and a fine collection of Mughal miniature paintings . It is the administrative headquarter of Rampur District , the only Muslim majority district in the state , according to the 2011 Census of India . In 2007 , the Ministry of Minority Affairs identified Rampur District as one of 14 'Minority Concentration ' districts in the state , on the basis of the 2001 census data on population , socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators . It is also called the city of nawaabs and is known for its rampuri chaaku ( knife ) ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monad University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monad_University', 'summary': 'Monad University is a state private university located in NCR region , Hapur , Uttar Pradesh . It was established by UP State Govt . Act 23 of 2010 & U/S 2 ( f ) of 1956.University offers various courses in field of engineering , sciences , Education , pharmacy , law etc .'}]}, {'value': 'Hapur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hapur', 'summary': 'Hapur is a city in , as well as the headquarters of , Hapur district , in western Uttar Pradesh , India . Located about 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) east of New Delhi , the city is part of the Delhi National Capital Region ( NCR ) . National Highway 9 passes through the city , connecting it to Delhi .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noida International University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noida_International_University', 'summary': 'Noida International University is a private university located in Noida , Uttar Pradesh , India , near the Yamuna Expressway Educational Hub , Gautam Budh Nagar . Arvind Kumar Singh was the chancellor of the university until March 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rama University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rama_University', 'summary': 'Rama University is located in Hapur and Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh , India . It is a private university and part of the Rama Group .'}]}, {'value': 'Kanpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanpur', 'summary': "Kanpur ( /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ pronunciation ( help·info ) ; formerly Cawnpore ) is a large city in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . The city is famous for its leather and textile industries . It is the 12th most populous city in India and 11th most populous urban agglomeration . It is also the second largest city proper and the largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh . Kanpur was an important British garrison town until 1947 when India gained independence . Kanpur is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district and Kanpur division . Located on the west bank of the Ganges River , it is a major trade and commercial centre in North India with the first woollen mill of India , the British India Corporation established here in 1876 by Alexander McRobert . The city is widely regarded as The Leather City of the World and is also nicknamed as Manchester of India . According to 2011 Indian census , it is the eleventh most populous urban city while the population of city and its suburb were around 5 million making it the eighth-most populous metropolitan area in India . Furthermore it is considered the world 's most polluted city by particulate matter concentration . In 2018 , Kanpur , was considered by the World Health Organization as the city with the world 's worst air pollution ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sanskriti University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanskriti_University', 'summary': 'Sanskriti University is a private university located in Mathura , Uttar Pradesh , India .'}]}, {'value': 'Mathura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mathura', 'summary': "Mathura ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is located approximately 55 kilometres ( 34 mi ) north of Agra , and 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) south-east of Delhi ; about 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) from the town of Vrindavan , and 22 kilometres ( 14 mi ) from Govardhan . It is the administrative centre of Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh . In ancient times , Mathura was an economic hub , located at the junction of important caravan routes . The 2011 Census of India estimated the population of Mathura at 441,894 . In Hinduism , Mathura is believed to be the birthplace of Krishna , which is located at the Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex . It is one of the Sapta Puri , the seven cities considered holy by Hindus . The Kesava Deo Temple was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna 's birthplace ( an underground prison ) . Mathura was the capital of the kingdom of Surasena , ruled by Kansa , the maternal uncle of Krishna . Janmashtami is grandly celebrated in Mathura every year . Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme of Government of India ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sharda University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharda_University', 'summary': 'Sharda University is a private university in Greater Noida , Delhi NCR , India , established through an act of State Legislature of Uttar Pradesh ( 14 of 2009 ) . The university offers courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels . It is registered under Section 2 ( f ) of UGC Act 1956 by University and Grants Commission .'}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shiv Nadar University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shiv_Nadar_University', 'summary': "Shiv Nadar University ( or SNU ) is a private interdisciplinary research university founded in 2011 in Dadri , Uttar Pradesh in India . It was founded as part of a series of initiatives launched by the Shiv Nadar Foundation , a private philanthropic foundation funded by Shiv Nadar , founder and chairman of HCL . The University 's stated aim is to create an enduring , research-led , inter-disciplinary university . The University was established by the Act no . 12 of 2011 of State Legislature of Uttar Pradesh as a State Private University , and was empowered by the UGC to award degrees under Section 22 of the UGC Act , 1956 . The University started the Engineering Majors in the academic year 2011-12 with the approval of the AICTE . The University is currently registered with DSIR , Government of India as a Research Institution ."}]}, {'value': 'Greater Noida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greater_Noida', 'summary': 'Greater Noida City is a city with a population in excess of 100,000 , located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The city was created under the UP Industrial Area Development Act , 1976 . It is a part of the National Capital Region ( NCR ) of India . Situated 30 km south-east of the capital city of New Delhi , it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shobhit University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shobhit_University_(Gangoh)', 'summary': 'Shobhit University began its way in July 2000 , with the establishment of Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology ( SIET ) by the NICE Society , which was itself established in July 1989 . The institute included two engineering colleges , at Gangoh and Meerut , the latter better known as Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology , Saharanpur . The college was affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University and later to Gautam Buddh Technical University , both now Dr. A.P.J . Abdul Kalam Technical University . In July 2006 the NICE Society established the Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( AVIPS ) , now a constituent college of the university . In November 2006 the Meerut College received deemed to be university status , and became popularly known as Shobhit University , Meerut , officially Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology . In July 2012 the Gangoh College became a university under the Shobhit Vishwavidhaylaya , Uttar Pradesh Adhiniyam , 2011 . The School of Law and Constitutional Studies ( SLCS ) was established in July 2013 , followed by the Kunwar Shekhar Vijendra Ayurved Medical College and Research Centre in July 2014 , the School of Education in July 2015 and the Kunwar Shekhar Vijendra Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences in January 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Gangoh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gangoh', 'summary': 'Gangoh is a town and a municipal board in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shri Venkateshwara University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shri_Venkateshwara_University', 'summary': "Shri Venkateshwara University is a university in Gajraula Uttar Pradesh , India , that offers bachelor 's and master 's degrees in a variety of subjects . It is a venture of Venkateshwara Group Of Institutions . SVU is a privately funded State University established through an act of State Legislature of Uttar Pradesh ( act 26 of 2010 ) . It is registered with University Grants Commission under Section 2 ( f ) and 22 ( 1 ) of UGC Act 1956 . SVU offers courses in the field of engineering , architecture , business studies , medical science , design and language and cultural studies , among others ."}]}, {'value': 'Gajraula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gajraula', 'summary': 'Gajraula is a city and municipal board in Amroha district in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India . Gajraula is the block headquarter of Gajraula block also.It is located on NH 9 a 4-lane highway connecting Uttarakhand and cities such as Bareilly and Lucknow via Delhi . It is an important industrial city of uttar pradesh with some named multinationals like Jubliant Life Sciences , Israeli Pharma Teva API etc and important higher educational institutions like Sri Venkateshwara University and other important engineering colleges there . The surrounding major cities are Moradabad , Meerut , Bulandsahar , Budaun , Hapur and Delhi NCR .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swami Vivekanand Subharti University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_Subharti_University', 'summary': 'Swami Vivekanand Subharti University is a private university located in Meerut , Uttar Pradesh , India . The university was established in September 2008 and has 14 faculties .'}]}, {'value': 'Meerut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Meerut', 'summary': 'Meerut ( pronunciation ( help·info ) , IAST : Meraṭha ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is an ancient city , with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilisation having been found in and around the area . The city lies 70 km ( 43 mi ) northeast of the national capital New Delhi , and 430 km ( 270 mi ) northwest of the state capital Lucknow . As of 2011 , Meerut is the 33rd most populous urban agglomeration and the 26th most populous city in India . It ranked 292 in 2006 and is projected to rank 242 in 2020 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world . The municipal area ( as of 2001 ) is 141.89 km2 ( 54.78 sq mi ) with the cantonment covering 35.68 km2 ( 3,568.06 ha ) . The city is one of the largest producers of sports goods , and the largest producer of musical instruments in India . The city is also an education hub in western Uttar Pradesh , and also known as the Sports City Of India . The city is famous for being the starting point of the 1857 rebellion against British colonial rule .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Universities -- Private', 'section_text': 'List of Private Universities in Uttar Pradesh :', 'uid': 'List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Uttar_Pradesh_0', 'intro': 'This is an incomplete list of institutions of higher education in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.'}
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What year was the private university located in Bareilly established ?
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2010
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ffa43f1548b4ceb7
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_stadiums_in_Turkey', 'title': 'List of football stadiums in Turkey', 'header': ['Stadium', 'Capacity', 'City', 'Club', 'Opening'], 'data': [{'value': 'KozArena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KozArena', 'summary': 'KozArena is a stadium currently under construction in Adana , Turkey .'}]}, {'value': '33,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adana', 'summary': 'Adana ( pronounced [ aˈda.na ] ; Armenian : Ադանա ; Ancient Greek : Άδανα , Arabic : أضنة ) is a major city in southern Turkey . The city is situated on the Seyhan river , 35 km ( 22 mi ) inland from the Mediterranean , in south-central Anatolia . It is the administrative seat of the Adana Province and has a population of 1.77 million , making it the 5th most populated city in Turkey . The Adana-Mersin polycentric metropolitan area , with a population of 3 million , stretches over 70 km ( 43 mi ) east-west and 25 km ( 16 mi ) north-south ; encompassing the cities of Mersin , Tarsus and Adana . Adana lies in the heart of Cilicia , a geo-cultural region locally known as Çukurova . Home to six million people , Cilicia is one of the largest population concentrations in Turkey , as well as the most agriculturally productive area , owing to its large stretch of flat , fertile land . The region includes the provinces of Mersin , Adana , Osmaniye and Hatay .'}]}, {'value': 'Adanaspor , Adana Demirspor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adanaspor', 'summary': "Adanaspor is a professional football club based in Adana , currently performing at the TFF First League . The club is founded in 1954 by the middle-class merchants and artisans in response to the alienation within city 's most popular club , Adana Demirspor , who were supported by workers , financed by landowners and governed by TCDD staff . Having played their first game in 1956 and became internationally known as Adana derby , both clubs compete for the citywide support and domination since then . Adanaspor jersey colors , orange-white , symbolizes orange and cotton , the main harvests and believed by the club fans to be the true representation of the city . Adanaspor shares the 5 Ocak Stadı as homeground with their archrival since foundation . Adanaspor were one of the most successful clubs of Turkish Football League in 1970s and early 1980s . Toros Kaplanları ( Taurus Tigers ) were the Runners-up at the 1980-81 season , having participated at the top division for total of 22 years . The club also competed at the UEFA Cup for three years ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Adana_Demirspor', 'summary': "Adana Demirspor is a Turkish sports club based in Adana . A major department of the club is the men 's football team , which currently competes in the TFF First League . Founded in 1940 by TCDD employees , the football team 's thriving success at the Çukurova League and the water polo team 's unbeaten National League titles in the first three decades , built a huge worker fan base in the city and attracted landowners to finance the club . Believing that the worker supported , landowner financed , TCDD governed club are alienating them , middle-class merchants and artisans founded Adanaspor in 1954 and competition among the two clubs for the citywide support and domination , created one of the fierce rivalries of Turkish football which continues to this day as Adana derby . Adana Demir football department has a long history at the Turkish top flight , standing at mid-positions for 17 years from 1970s to mid 1990s . The club were the runners-up for the Turkish Cup in the 1977-78 season . The club 's water polo team was at the top of the Turkish Water Polo League , winning 21 league titles in 25 years , from early 1940s to mid 1960s . Adana Demirspor are by far the most successful of the 38 Demirspor clubs in Turkey that are founded by the employees of the Turkish State Railways ( TCDD ) . Most Demirspor clubs have jersey colours identical to Adana Demirspor , and bear the TCDD symbol on their logo . Ankara Demirspor are the only other Demirspor club that compete in the Turkish professional football league system , and the only ones that are still affiliated with TCDD . ADS have one of the most passionate fan base in Turkey . The club did not have a major title in the last 50 years , the highest spot the club could gain at the Turkish top-flight was the sixth place , have been away from Süper Lig for 26 years , have never participated in European Cups , have had less success then their archrival including the derby games ; though the level of support grew rapidly almost every decade ."}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Hatay Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antakya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antakya', 'summary': "Antakya ( Turkish pronunciation : [ ɑnˈtɑkjɑ ] ) is the capital of Hatay Province , the southernmost province of Turkey . The city is located in a well-watered and fertile valley on the Orontes River , about 20 kilometers ( 12 mi ) from the Levantine Sea . Today 's city stands partly on the site of the ancient Antioch ( Ancient Greek : Ἀντιόχεια , Antiókheia , also known as Antioch on the Orontes ) , which was founded in the 4th century BC by the Seleucid . Antioch later became one of the Roman Empire 's largest cities , and was made the capital of the provinces of Syria and Coele-Syria . It was also an influential early center of Christianity , and gained much ecclesiastical importance in the Byzantine Empire . Captured by the caliph Umar in the 7th century , the medieval Antakiyah ( Arabic : أنطاكية , ʾAnṭākiya ) was conquered or re-conquered several times : by the Byzantine in 969 , the Seljuk in 1084 , the Crusaders in 1098 , the Ayyubid in 1187 , the Mamluk in 1268 , and eventually the Ottoman in 1517 , who would integrate it to the Aleppo Eyalet then to the Aleppo Vilayet . The city joined the Hatay State under the French Mandate before joining the Turkish Republic . Most of the population , which was approximately 216,960 as of 2012 , speaks Turkish as their native language , while a minority are native Arabic speakers ."}]}, {'value': 'Hatayspor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hatayspor', 'summary': 'Hatayspor is a Turkish professional football club located in Antakya , Hatay Province .'}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Çotanak Arena', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giresun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giresun', 'summary': 'Giresun ( pronounced [ ɟiˈɾesun ] ) , formerly Cerasus ( Κερασοῦς ) , is the provincial capital of Giresun Province in the Black Sea Region of northeastern Turkey , about 175 km ( 109 mi ) west of the city of Trabzon .'}]}, {'value': 'Giresunspor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giresunspor', 'summary': 'Giresunspor is a Turkish professional football club based in Giresun . It was founded in 1925 and re-formed in 1967 after the merger of Yeşiltepespor , Akıngençlikspor , and Beşiktaşspor . The football club is playing in the TFF First League ( second level ) . Giresunspor played in the Turkish Super League ( Turkish first league ) between 1971 and 1977 .'}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Ordu Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ordu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ordu', 'summary': 'Ordu ( Turkish pronunciation : [ ˈoɾdu ] ) is a port city on the Black Sea coast of Turkey , historically also known as Cotyora or Kotyora ( Greek : Κοτύωρα ) , and the capital of Ordu Province with a population of 217,640 in the city center .'}]}, {'value': 'Yeni Orduspor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Karaman Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karaman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karaman', 'summary': 'Karaman is a city in south central Turkey , located in Central Anatolia , north of the Taurus Mountains , about 100 km ( 62 mi ) south of Konya . It is the capital district of the Karaman Province . According to 2000 census , the population of the province is 231,872 of which 132,064 live in the town of Karaman . The district covers an area of 3,686 km2 ( 1,423 sq mi ) , and the town lies at an average elevation of 1,039 m ( 3,409 ft ) . The Karaman Museum is one of the major sights .'}]}, {'value': 'Karamanspor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Alsancak Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/İzmir_Alsancak_Stadium', 'summary': "Altay Alsancak Stadium , ( Turkish : Altay Alsancak Stadı ) was a multi-purpose stadium in İzmir , Turkey but was used mostly for football matches . The stadium held 15,358 and was built in 1929 . In 1959 it hosted Turkey 's first-ever premiere league game . The stadium was partially owned by Altay SK . Due to safety concerns during a potential earthquake , the stadium was demolished in July 2015 . A new 15,000 capacity stadium is currently under construction on the site of the old stadium , and is expected to be complete in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'İzmir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/İzmir', 'summary': "İzmir ( UK : /ˈɪzmɪər/ IZ-meer , US : /ɪzˈmɪər/ iz-MEER , Turkish : [ ˈizmiɾ ] ) , often spelled Izmir in English , is a metropolitan city in the western extremity of Anatolia . It is the third most populous city in Turkey , after Istanbul and Ankara , and the second largest urban agglomeration on the Aegean Sea after Athens , Greece . In 2019 , the city of İzmir had a population of 2,972,900 , while İzmir Province had a total population of 4,367,251 . İzmir 's metropolitan area extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River delta ; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams ; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south . In classical antiquity the city was known as Smyrna ( /ˈsmɜːrnə/ SMUR-nə ) - a name which remained in use in English and various other languages until around 1930 , when government efforts led the original Greek name to be gradually phased out internationally in favor of its Turkish counterpart İzmir . However , the historic name Smyrna is still used today in some languages , such as Greek ( Σμύρνη , Smýrni/Smýrnē ) , Armenian ( Զմյուռնիա , Zmyurnia ) , Italian ( Smirne ) , and Catalan , Portuguese , and Spanish ( Esmirna ) . Smyrna has more than 3,000 years of recorded urban history , and up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period . Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation , midway along the western Anatolian coast , it has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history . İzmir hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games ( Universiade ) in 2005 . The city participated in Climathon in 2019 . The city of İzmir is composed of several metropolitan districts . Of these , the district of Konak corresponds to historical İzmir , with this district 's area having constituted the city 's central İzmir Municipality ( Turkish : İzmir Belediyesi ) until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Altay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Altay_S.K.', 'summary': 'Altay Spor Kulübü is a Turkish professional football club based in the city of İzmir . Formed in 1914 , Altay are nicknamed Büyük Altay ( Great Altay ) . The club colors are black and white , and they currently play their home matches at the İzmir Atatürk Stadium , while a new stadium is under construction at the site of the İzmir Alsancak Stadium , where they previously played . Domestically , the club has finished third place for the Süper Lig three times and have won the Turkish Cup twice . They hold the record for most İzmir Football League titles with 14 . They are the most successful İzmir-based club with 16 championships in various competitions . Collecting 24 points of first halve of 1969-70 season in undefeated 15 games with 9 wins and 6 draws , Altay SK is one of four non-champion clubs that topped the first halve of 1 . Lig ladder , along with İstanbul Başakşehir F.K . in 2016-17 , Kocaelispor in 1992-93 , and Sivasspor in 2007-08 and 2008-09 .'}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Erzincan Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erzincan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erzincan', 'summary': "Erzincan ( pronounced [ æɾˈzindʒan ] ) is the capital of Erzincan Province in northeastern Turkey . Nearby cities include Erzurum , Sivas , Tunceli , Bingöl , Elâzığ , Malatya , Gümüşhane , Bayburt , and Giresun . Located at an altitude of 1,185 meters above sea level , the city 's climate produces snowy winters and warm summers . The city is notable for handcrafted copper goods and a special cheese called tulum peyniri in Turkish . It is a significant road and rail junction and was once noted for its silverware . Current industries include sugar refining and textile industries . The city is home to the headquarters of the Turkish Third Army ."}]}, {'value': '24 Erzincanspor', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Turgutlu Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Turgutlu_Stadium', 'summary': "New Turgutlu Stadium is a stadium that is currently under construction in Turgutlu , Turkey . It will have a capacity of 12,000 spectators and will be the new home of Turgutluspor of the TFF Third League . It will replace the club 's current home , 7 Eylül Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turgutlu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turgutlu', 'summary': "Turgutlu , also known as Kasaba ( Cassaba or Casaba ) is a city and district in Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey . According to 2009 census , its district population is 140,753 ; 115,930 live in the city itself . The district covers an area of 473 km2 ( 183 sq mi ) at an elevation of 68 m ( 223 ft ) . The district is the most populous after the provincial center of Manisa and the second most populous district center , in Turkey 's Aegean Region . The name derives from the name of the Turkish clan of Turgutlu ( also cited as Turgut or Turgutoğlu ) , recorded as having provided the main support to the Beylik of Karaman during their time of existence and mentioned in historical records as an important political entity as late as the 18th century Iran . Their settlement in Turgutlu region is thought to have taken place some time in the 15th century at the same time as the Ottoman unification of Anatolia which resulted in the demise of Karamanids . That nearby Manisa was the center where Ottoman shahzades ( crown princes ) received their education must have placed the clan once again in a non-negligible position in their relations this time with the Ottoman dynasty . The city was alternatively called Kasaba ( often spelled as Casaba or Cassaba in the 19th century Western sources also ) , which simply means the town . People of Turgutlu still often use the term Kasabalı to define themselves and despite the general signification of the word ( Kasaba being the town , Kasabalı means the townspeople ) , people across Turkey usually understand when Turgutlu is being specifically referred to . The term Casaba for melons derived from the name of the city , an echo of its 18th-19th century past when it was an important regional trade center and hub , located in the middle of a fertile alluvial plain and with access to outside markets through nearby İzmir ."}]}, {'value': 'Turgutluspor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turgutluspor', 'summary': 'Turgutluspor is a Turkish sports club located in Turgutlu , Manisa Province . The football club currently plays in the TFF Third League .'}]}, {'value': '2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Elazığ Stadium', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18,458', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elazığ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elazığ', 'summary': 'Elazığ ( Turkish pronunciation : [ eˈlazɯː ] , Kurdish : Elezîz/Xarpêt ) , formerly Mamuretülaziz , is a city in Eastern Anatolia , Turkey , and the administrative centre of Elazığ Province . It is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley . The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of 1,067 metres ( 3,501 ft ) . Elazığ resembles an inland peninsula surrounded by the natural Lake Hazar and reservoirs of Keban Dam , Karakaya Dam , Kıralkızı and Özlüce . Elazığ was initially developed in 1834 as an extension of the historic city of Harput , which was situated on a hill and difficult to access in winter .'}]}, {'value': 'Elazığspor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elazığspor', 'summary': 'Elazığspor is a Turkish professional football club located in Elazığ and currently competes in the TFF Second League . They previously played their home games at Elazığ Atatürk Stadium in Elazığ , which had a maximum capacity of 13,923 . The club was founded in 1967 .'}]}, {'value': '2021', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Future stadiums -- Under construction', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_football_stadiums_in_Turkey_1', 'intro': 'This is a partial list of football stadiums in Turkey (those with a capacity of at least 10,000), ranked in order of capacity.'}
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A stadium with a capacity of 12000 is in a district that covers an area that is how big in square miles ?
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183 sq mi
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ffa49877d72fbf8b
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Statistical_System_of_the_United_States', 'title': 'Federal Statistical System of the United States', 'header': ['Agency', 'Department', 'Established', 'FY13 Budget Est . ( millions )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Census Bureau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau', 'summary': "The United States Census Bureau ( USCB ; officially the Bureau of the Census , as defined in Title 13 U.S.C . § 11 ) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System , responsible for producing data about the American people and economy . The Census Bureau is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States . The Census Bureau 's primary mission is conducting the U.S. Census every ten years , which allocates the seats of the U.S. House of Representatives to the states based on their population . The Bureau 's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $ 400 billion in federal funds every year and it helps states , local communities , and businesses make informed decisions . The information provided by the census informs decisions on where to build and maintain schools , hospitals , transportation infrastructure , and police and fire departments . In addition to the decennial census , the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys , including the American Community Survey , the U.S. Economic Census , and the Current Population Survey . Furthermore , economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau ."}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Commerce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce', 'summary': "In the United States , the Department of Commerce is an executive department of the federal government concerned with promoting economic growth . Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision-making , and helping to set industrial standards . This organization 's main purpose is to create jobs , promote economic growth , encourage sustainable development and block harmful trade practices of other nations . The Department of Commerce headquarters is the Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington , D.C. Wilbur Ross is the current Commerce secretary ."}]}, {'value': '1903', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 1,000.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bureau of Labor Statistics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics', 'summary': "The Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS ) is a unit of the United States Department of Labor . It is the principal fact-finding agency for the U.S. government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics and serves as a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System . The BLS is a governmental statistical agency that collects , processes , analyzes , and disseminates essential statistical data to the American public , the U.S. Congress , other Federal agencies , State and local governments , business , and labor representatives . The BLS also serves as a statistical resource to the United States Department of Labor , and conducts research into how much families need to earn to be able to enjoy a decent standard of living . The BLS data must satisfy a number of criteria , including relevance to current social and economic issues , timeliness in reflecting today 's rapidly changing economic conditions , accuracy and consistently high statistical quality , impartiality in both subject matter and presentation , and accessibility to all . To avoid the appearance of partiality , the dates of major data releases are scheduled more than a year in advance , in coordination with the Office of Management and Budget ."}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Labor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor', 'summary': "The United States Department of Labor ( DOL ) is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government responsible for occupational safety , wage and hour standards , unemployment insurance benefits , reemployment services , and some economic statistics ; many U.S. states also have such departments . The department is headed by the U.S. Secretary of Labor . The purpose of the Department of Labor is to foster , promote , and develop the wellbeing of the wage earners , job seekers , and retirees of the United States ; improve working conditions ; advance opportunities for profitable employment ; and assure work-related benefits and rights . In carrying out this mission , the Department of Labor administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws and thousands of federal regulations . These mandates and the regulations that implement them cover many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers . The department 's headquarters is housed in the Frances Perkins Building , named in honor of Frances Perkins , the Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945 ."}]}, {'value': '1884', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 618.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Center for Education Statistics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics', 'summary': "The National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES ) is the part of the United States Department of Education 's Institute of Education Sciences ( IES ) that collects , analyzes , and publishes statistics on education and public school district finance information in the United States . It also conducts international comparisons of education statistics and provides leadership in developing and promoting the use of standardized terminology and definitions for the collection of those statistics . NCES is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System ."}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Education', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Education', 'summary': 'The United States Department of Education ( ED or DoED ) , also referred to as the ED for ( the ) Education Department , is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government . It began operating on May 4 , 1980 , having been created after the Department of Health , Education , and Welfare was split into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services by the Department of Education Organization Act , which President Jimmy Carter signed into law on October 17 , 1979 . The Department of Education is administered by the United States secretary of education . It has under 4,000 employees ( 2018 ) and an annual budget of $ 68 billion ( 2016 ) . The 2019 Budget also supports $ 129.8 billion in new postsecondary grants , loans , and work-study assistance to help an estimated 11.5 million students and their families pay for college . Its official abbreviation is ED ( DOE refers to the United States Department of Energy ) and is also often abbreviated informally as DoEd .'}]}, {'value': '1867', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 317.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Agricultural Statistics Service', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service', 'summary': 'The National Agricultural Statistics Service ( NASS ) is the statistical branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System . NASS has 12 regional offices throughout the United States and Puerto Rico and a headquarters unit in Washington , D.C. NASS conducts hundreds of surveys and issues nearly 500 national reports each year on issues including agricultural production , economics , demographics and the environment . NASS also conducts the United States Census of Agriculture every five years .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Agriculture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture', 'summary': "The United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) , also known as the Agriculture Department , is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming , forestry , rural economic development , and food . It aims to meet the needs of farmers and ranchers , promotes agricultural trade and production , works to assure food safety , protects natural resources , fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally . Approximately 80% of the USDA 's $ 141 billion budget goes to the Food and Nutrition Service ( FNS ) program . The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( formerly known as the Food Stamp program ) , which is the cornerstone of USDA 's nutrition assistance . The current Secretary of Agriculture is Sonny Perdue ."}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 179.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Center for Health Statistics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics', 'summary': 'The National Center for Health Statistics ( NCHS ) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System which provides statistical information to guide actions and policies to improve the health of the American people . NCHS is housed within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) , which is part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) . It is headquartered at University Town Center in Hyattsville , Maryland , just outside Washington , D.C .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Health and Human Services', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services', 'summary': 'The United States Department of Health & Human Services ( HHS ) , also known as the Health Department , is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services . Its motto is Improving the health , safety , and well-being of America . Before the separate federal Department of Education was created in 1979 , it was called the Department of Health , Education , and Welfare ( HEW ) . HHS is administered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services , who is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate . The United States Public Health Service ( PHS ) is the main division of the HHS and is led by the Assistant Secretary for Health . The current Secretary , Alex Azar , assumed office on January 29 , 2018 , upon his appointment by President Trump and confirmation by the Senate . The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , the uniformed service of the PHS , is led by the Surgeon General who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health as authorized by the Secretary or by the Assistant Secretary of Health in addition to his or her primary mission of administering the Commissioned Corps .'}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 161.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Energy Information Administration', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration', 'summary': 'The U.S. Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting , analyzing , and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking , efficient markets , and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment . EIA programs cover data on coal , petroleum , natural gas , electric , renewable and nuclear energy . EIA is part of the U.S. Department of Energy .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Energy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy', 'summary': "The United States Department of Energy ( DOE ) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States ' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material . Its responsibilities include the nation 's nuclear weapons program , nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy , energy conservation , energy-related research , radioactive waste disposal , and domestic energy production . It also directs research in genomics ; the Human Genome Project originated in a DOE initiative . DOE sponsors more research in the physical sciences than any other U.S. federal agency , the majority of which is conducted through its system of National Laboratories . The agency is administered by the United States Secretary of Energy , and its headquarters are located in Southwest Washington , D.C. , on Independence Avenue in the James V. Forrestal Building , named for James Forrestal , as well as in Germantown , Maryland . Dan Brouillette is the Secretary of Energy as of December 11 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 116.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bureau of Economic Analysis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis', 'summary': 'The Bureau of Economic Analysis ( BEA ) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics , most notably reports about the gross domestic product ( GDP ) of the United States and its various units - states , cities/towns/townships/villages/counties and metropolitan areas . They also provide information about personal income , corporate profits , and government spending in their National Income and Product Accounts ( NIPAs ) . Established in 1972 under the administration of 37th President Richard M. Nixon after a government agencies reorganization and reshuffling from older previous bureaus , the BEA is part of the Economics and Statistics Administration in the presidential cabinet level United States Department of Commerce and is one of the principal agencies of the U.S. Federal Statistical System . Its stated mission is to promote a better understanding of the U.S. economy by providing the most timely , relevant , and accurate economic data in an objective and cost-effective manner . BEA has about 500 employees and an annual budget of approximately $ 97 million .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Commerce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce', 'summary': "In the United States , the Department of Commerce is an executive department of the federal government concerned with promoting economic growth . Among its tasks are gathering economic and demographic data for business and government decision-making , and helping to set industrial standards . This organization 's main purpose is to create jobs , promote economic growth , encourage sustainable development and block harmful trade practices of other nations . The Department of Commerce headquarters is the Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington , D.C. Wilbur Ross is the current Commerce secretary ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 96.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Economic Research Service', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Economic_Research_Service', 'summary': 'The Economic Research Service ( ERS ) is a component of the United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) and a principal agency of the Federal Statistical System of the United States . It provides information and research on agriculture and economics .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Agriculture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture', 'summary': "The United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ) , also known as the Agriculture Department , is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming , forestry , rural economic development , and food . It aims to meet the needs of farmers and ranchers , promotes agricultural trade and production , works to assure food safety , protects natural resources , fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally . Approximately 80% of the USDA 's $ 141 billion budget goes to the Food and Nutrition Service ( FNS ) program . The largest component of the FNS budget is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( formerly known as the Food Stamp program ) , which is the cornerstone of USDA 's nutrition assistance . The current Secretary of Agriculture is Sonny Perdue ."}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 77.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bureau of Justice Statistics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bureau_of_Justice_Statistics', 'summary': 'The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics ( BJS ) is a federal government agency belonging to the U.S. Department of Justice and a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System . Established on 27 December 1979 , the bureau collects , analyzes and publishes data relating to crime in the United States . The agency publishes data regarding statistics gathered from the roughly fifty-thousand agencies that comprise the U.S. justice system on its Web site .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Justice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice', 'summary': 'The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ ) , also known as the Justice Department , is a federal executive department of the United States government , responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice in the United States , equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries . The department was formed in 1870 during the Ulysses S. Grant administration , and administers several federal law enforcement agencies , including the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) , the United States Marshals Service ( USMS ) , the Bureau of Alcohol , Tobacco , Firearms and Explosives ( ATF ) , and the Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) . The department is responsible for investigating instances of financial fraud , representing the United States government in legal matters ( such as in cases before the Supreme Court ) , and running the federal prison system . The department is also responsible for reviewing the conduct of local law enforcement as directed by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 . The department is headed by the United States Attorney General , who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet . As of February 2019 , the Attorney General is William Barr .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 68.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics ( National Science Foundation )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Science_Foundation', 'summary': "The National Science Foundation ( NSF ) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering . Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health . With an annual budget of about US $ 7.8 billion ( fiscal year 2018 ) , the NSF funds approximately 24% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States ' colleges and universities . In some fields , such as mathematics , computer science , economics , and the social sciences , the NSF is the major source of federal backing . The NSF 's director and deputy director are appointed by the President of the United States , and confirmed by the United States Senate , whereas the 24 presidentially appointed members of the National Science Board ( NSB ) do not require Senate confirmation . The director and deputy director are responsible for administration , planning , budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation , while the NSB meets six times a year to establish its overall policies . The current NSF director , confirmed in March 2014 , is astronomer France A. Córdova , former president of Purdue University ."}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Science_Foundation', 'summary': "The National Science Foundation ( NSF ) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering . Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health . With an annual budget of about US $ 7.8 billion ( fiscal year 2018 ) , the NSF funds approximately 24% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States ' colleges and universities . In some fields , such as mathematics , computer science , economics , and the social sciences , the NSF is the major source of federal backing . The NSF 's director and deputy director are appointed by the President of the United States , and confirmed by the United States Senate , whereas the 24 presidentially appointed members of the National Science Board ( NSB ) do not require Senate confirmation . The director and deputy director are responsible for administration , planning , budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation , while the NSB meets six times a year to establish its overall policies . The current NSF director , confirmed in March 2014 , is astronomer France A. Córdova , former president of Purdue University ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government', 'summary': "Independent agencies of the United States federal government are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments ( those headed by a Cabinet secretary ) and the Executive Office of the President . In a narrower sense , the term may also be used to describe agencies that , while constitutionally managed by the executive branch , are independent of presidential control , usually because the president 's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited . Established through separate statutes passed by the Congress , each respective statutory grant of authority defines the goals the agency must work towards , as well as what substantive areas , if any , over which it may have the power of rulemaking . These agency rules ( or regulations ) , when in force , have the power of federal law ."}]}, {'value': '1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 42.6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Statistics of Income Division ( Internal Revenue Service )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service', 'summary': 'The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government . The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury , and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , who is appointed to a five-year term by the President of the United States . The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code , the main body of federal statutory tax law of the United States . The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings . The IRS has also overseen various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act .'}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of the Treasury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury', 'summary': "The Department of the Treasury ( USDT ) is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government . Established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue , the Treasury prints all paper currency and mints all coins in circulation through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint , respectively ; collects all federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service ; manages U.S. government debt instruments ; licenses and supervises banks and thrift institutions ; and advises the legislative and executive branches on matters of fiscal policy . [ citation needed ] The Department is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury , who is a member of the Cabinet . The Treasurer of the United States has limited statutory duties , but advises the Secretary on various matters such as coinage and currency production . Signatures of both officials appear on all Federal Reserve notes . The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton , sworn into office on September 11 , 1789 . Hamilton was appointed by President George Washington on the recommendation of Robert Morris , Washington 's first choice for the position , who had declined the appointment . Hamilton established - almost singlehandedly - the nation 's early financial system and for several years was a major presence in Washington 's administration . [ citation needed ] His portrait appears on the obverse of the ten-dollar bill , while the Treasury Department building is depicted on the reverse . The current Secretary of the Treasury is Steven Mnuchin , who was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 13 , 2017 . Jovita Carranza , appointed on April 28 , 2017 , was the incumbent treasurer , until January 15 , 2020 , when she left the office . It is currently vacant ."}]}, {'value': '1862', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 39.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bureau of Transportation Statistics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bureau_of_Transportation_Statistics', 'summary': "The Bureau of Transportation Statistics ( BTS ) , as part of the United States Department of Transportation , compiles , analyzes , and makes accessible information on the nation 's transportation systems ; collects information on intermodal transportation and other areas as needed ; and improves the quality and effectiveness of DOT 's statistical programs through research , development of guidelines , and promotion of improvements in data acquisition and use . BTS is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System ."}]}, {'value': 'U.S. Department of Transportation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Transportation', 'summary': 'The United States Department of Transportation ( USDOT or DOT ) is a federal Cabinet department of the U.S. government concerned with transportation . It was established by an act of Congress on October 15 , 1966 , and began operation on April 1 , 1967 . It is governed by the United States Secretary of Transportation .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 38.0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Office of Research , Evaluation , and Statistics ( Social Security Administration )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Social_Security_Administration', 'summary': "The United States Social Security Administration ( SSA ) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security , a social insurance program consisting of retirement , disability , and survivors benefits . To qualify for most of these benefits , most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings ; the claimant 's benefits are based on the wage earner 's contributions . Otherwise benefits such as Supplemental Security Income ( SSI ) are given based on need . The Social Security Administration was established by a law codified at 42 U.S.C . § 901 . It was created in 1935 as the Social Security Board , then assumed its present name in 1946 . Its current leader , Commissioner Andrew Saul , has served since June 2019 , succeeding Acting Commissioner Nancy Berryhill . SSA is headquartered in Woodlawn , Maryland , just to the west of Baltimore , at what is known as Central Office . The agency includes 10 regional offices , 8 processing centers , approximately 1300 field offices , and 37 Teleservice Centers . As of 2018 [ update ] , about 60,000 people were employed by SSA . Headquarters non-supervisory employees of SSA are represented by American Federation of Government Employees Local 1923 . Social Security is the largest social welfare program in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent agency', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government', 'summary': "Independent agencies of the United States federal government are agencies that exist outside the federal executive departments ( those headed by a Cabinet secretary ) and the Executive Office of the President . In a narrower sense , the term may also be used to describe agencies that , while constitutionally managed by the executive branch , are independent of presidential control , usually because the president 's power to dismiss the agency head or a member is limited . Established through separate statutes passed by the Congress , each respective statutory grant of authority defines the goals the agency must work towards , as well as what substantive areas , if any , over which it may have the power of rulemaking . These agency rules ( or regulations ) , when in force , have the power of federal law ."}]}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 29.3', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Principal statistical agencies', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Federal_Statistical_System_of_the_United_States_0', 'intro': 'The Federal Statistical System of the United States is the decentralized network of federal agencies which produce data about the people, economy, natural resources, and infrastructure of the United States.'}
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What is the establishment year whose agency programs cover data on coal , petroleum , natural gas , electric , renewable and nuclear energy ?
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1977
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ffa553ab5a6ca915
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Oswego', 'title': 'State University of New York at Oswego', 'header': ['Name', 'Class year', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Rob Cesternino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rob_Cesternino', 'summary': 'Robert Kristopher Cesternino ( born October 20 , 1978 ) is an American reality television and podcasting personality , known for his appearances on both Survivor : The Amazon ( 2003 ) and Survivor : All Stars ( 2004 ) and his current coverage of reality television on his podcast , Rob Has a Podcast .'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contestant on Survivor : The Amazon and host of Rob Has A Podcast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Survivor:_The_Amazon', 'summary': 'Survivor : The Amazon is the sixth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor . The season was filmed from November 11 , 2002 , through December 15 , 2002 , in the Amazon and premiered on February 13 , 2003 . Hosted by Jeff Probst , it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with 16 competitors . For the first time ever , the initial tribes were divided by sex . The two initial tribes were the all-female Jaburu ( named for a native stork ) and the all-male Tambaqui ( a native fish ) . The season is noted for having the first reality show contestant with a disability , the hearing impaired Christy Smith . They were eventually merged into the Jacaré ( Portuguese for alligator ) tribe when ten contestants remained . The winner , swimsuit model Jenna Morasca , was named Sole Survivor after defeating Matthew von Ertfelda by a jury vote of 6-1 . The complete season was released on DVD exclusively through Amazon on November 22 , 2011 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rob_Has_A_Podcast', 'summary': 'Rob Has a Podcast ( RHAP ) is an entertainment podcast hosted by former Survivor contestant Rob Cesternino . The podcast primarily provides coverage of strategy-based reality television shows .'}]}, {'value': 'Kendis Gibson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kendis_Gibson', 'summary': 'Kendis Gibson ( born September 6 , 1972 ) is an American journalist and a reporter for NBC News and MSNBC . He has won two Emmy Awards for outstanding news reporting and sports feature . He has been an anchor and correspondent for CNN , CBS News and ABC News . Gibson also anchored World News Now and America This Morning . He has reported on topics including the crash of the Concorde , the September 11 attacks , the Academy Awards and the Grammy Awards . He is a member of the National Association of Black Journalists .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anchor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sal Iacono', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sal_Iacono', 'summary': "Sal Iacono ( born July 5 , 1971 ) , also known as Cousin Sal , is an American attorney , comedian , writer , and game show host . He is known for his roles on The Man Show and the late night television show Jimmy Kimmel Live ! . He is Jimmy Kimmel 's cousin , hence his nickname Cousin Sal ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Writer , TV personality', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christopher Maloney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christopher_Maloney', 'summary': 'Christopher Patrick Maloney is an American singer-songwriter , bass guitarist and music educator . He is widely known for his work with instrumental hard rock band Cosmosquad , his stints in Hardline and with Dweezil Zappa , as an independent solo artist , an instructor at the Musicians Institute , and the owner of Absolute Music Studios in Palm Beach County , Florida .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bass guitarist for Dweezil Zappa , Hardline ; Sunset Records recording artist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julia DeVillers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_DeVillers', 'summary': 'Julia DeVillers is an American writer of books including How My Private , Personal Journal Became A Bestseller . She had a cameo in the 2006 Disney Channel Original Movie , Read It and Weep , which was based on the book .'}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Author of books for children and teens', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Levy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Levy', 'summary': 'Steve Levy ( born March 12 , 1965 ) is an American journalist and sportscaster for ESPN . He is known for his work broadcasting NHL hockey .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ESPN sportscaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ESPN', 'summary': 'ESPN ( originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network ) is an American basic cable sports channel owned by ESPN Inc. , owned jointly by The Walt Disney Company ( 80% ) and Hearst Communications ( 20% ) . The company was founded in 1979 by Bill Rasmussen along with his son Scott Rasmussen and Ed Egan . ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol , Connecticut . The network also operates offices in Miami , New York City , Seattle , Charlotte , and Los Angeles . James Pitaro currently serves as chairman of ESPN , a position he has held since March 5 , 2018 , following the resignation of John Skipper on December 18 , 2017 . While ESPN is one of the most successful sports networks , there has been much criticism of ESPN , which includes accusations of biased coverage , conflict of interest , and controversies with individual broadcasters and analysts .'}]}, {'value': 'Yvonne M. Spicer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yvonne_M._Spicer', 'summary': 'Yvonne M. Spicer ( born 1962 ) is an American educator and politician from Framingham , Massachusetts . She was inaugurated on January 1 , 2018 as the first Mayor of Framingham , becoming the first African-American woman to be popularly elected mayor in Massachusetts . She was previously the Vice President for Advocacy and Educational Partnerships at the Museum of Science in Boston , Massachusetts .'}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First mayor of Framingham , Massachusetts and first African-American woman to be popularly elected mayor in Massachusetts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts', 'summary': 'Framingham ( /ˈfreɪmɪŋhæm/ ( listen ) ) is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States . Incorporated in 1700 , it is within Middlesex County and the MetroWest subregion of the Greater Boston metropolitan area . The city proper covers 25 square miles ( 65 km2 ) with a population of 68,318 in 2010 , making it the 14th most populous municipality in Massachusetts . As of 2017 the estimated population was 72,032 . Residents voted in favor of adopting a charter to transition from a representative town meeting system to a mayor-council government in April 2017 , and the municipality transitioned to city status on January 1 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'Scott Sullivan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Sullivan_(executive)', 'summary': "Scott D. Sullivan is an American Certified Public Accountant and the former chief financial officer , secretary , treasurer , and a board member of WorldCom , who was convicted as part of WorldCom 's $ 3.8 billion accounting fraud , at the time the largest scandal of its kind in U.S. history ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former WorldCom CFO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/WorldCom', 'summary': 'MCI , Inc. ( previously Worldcom and MCI WorldCom ) was a telecommunications company . For a time , it was the second largest long distance telephone company in the United States , after AT & T . The company grew largely by acquiring other telecommunications companies and filed bankruptcy in 2002 after an accounting scandal , in which several executives , including CEO Bernard Ebbers were convicted . In January 2006 , the company was acquired by Verizon Communications and was later integrated into Verizon Business . It was originally headquartered in Clinton , Mississippi before relocating to Ashburn , Virginia .'}]}, {'value': "Robert O'Connor", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Robert_O'Connor_(author)", 'summary': "Robert O'Connor ( born 1959 ) is an American novelist , hailed as one of the most promising young American novelists and the author of a novel , Buffalo Soldiers , the basis for the 2001 movie of the same name . O'Connor received a B.A . in English/Writing Arts from the State University of New York at Oswego , and an M.A . in English from Syracuse University . He currently teaches Intermediate Fiction , Advanced Fiction and Intermediate Screenwriting at SUNY Oswego ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Author of Buffalo Soldiers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers_(2001_film)', 'summary': "Buffalo Soldiers is a 2001 satirical black comedy film , based on the 1993 novel by Robert O'Connor , which follows the rogue activities of a group of US soldiers based in West Germany during 1989 when the fall of the Berlin Wall is imminent . It stars Joaquin Phoenix , Ed Harris , Anna Paquin , Haluk Bilginer , Scott Glenn , and Elizabeth McGovern and is directed by Gregor Jordan ."}]}, {'value': 'Linda Cohn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linda_Cohn', 'summary': "Linda Cohn is an American sportscaster . She anchors ESPN 's SportsCenter ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ESPN sportscaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ESPN', 'summary': 'ESPN ( originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network ) is an American basic cable sports channel owned by ESPN Inc. , owned jointly by The Walt Disney Company ( 80% ) and Hearst Communications ( 20% ) . The company was founded in 1979 by Bill Rasmussen along with his son Scott Rasmussen and Ed Egan . ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol , Connecticut . The network also operates offices in Miami , New York City , Seattle , Charlotte , and Los Angeles . James Pitaro currently serves as chairman of ESPN , a position he has held since March 5 , 2018 , following the resignation of John Skipper on December 18 , 2017 . While ESPN is one of the most successful sports networks , there has been much criticism of ESPN , which includes accusations of biased coverage , conflict of interest , and controversies with individual broadcasters and analysts .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Natoli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Natoli', 'summary': 'Natoli is from Oswego , New York . He graduated from Oswego High School . For college , he attended State University of New York at Oswego and graduated with a degree in Communications in 1980 . He is married to Peggy Natoli and has two children . He was a deacon at Oswego Alliance Church .'}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guinness record holder', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Allen Baker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Allen_Baker', 'summary': "Mark Allen Baker ( born 27 March 1957 ) , is a former business executive , and American author , biographer , and writer of hundreds of articles and over 20 books . Born in Binghamton , New York and raised in Virginia Beach , Virginia and central New York , Baker graduated from Fayetteville-Manlius High School before earning a B.A . from the State University of New York at Oswego . Following a distinguished business career and various entrepreneurial endeavors , he devoted his full-time to writing . His first book , published in 1990 , earned him a Lifetime Donor Membership to National Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum . The author has since written over twenty nonfiction titles , on such topics as sports , music and American history . Baker 's recent two biographies , Battling Nelson , The Durable Dane ( 2016 ) and The Fighting Times of Abe Attell ( 2017 ) , have drawn considerable attention to his work . Expertise in the area of historic manuscripts and artifacts , along with investigative research , have enhanced Baker 's passion for history-his later works have placed a greater emphasis on regional events and biography . The author has also written hundreds of articles , on a variety of topics , for numerous periodicals ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Author , biographer , and historian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robin Curtis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robin_Curtis', 'summary': 'Robin Curtis ( born June 15 , 1956 in New York Mills , New York ) is an American real estate broker and former actress . She is best known for replacing Kirstie Alley in the role of Vulcan Lieutenant Saavik in the films Star Trek III : The Search for Spock and Star Trek IV : The Voyage Home .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actress most well known as Lt. Savikk in Star Trek III and Star Trek IV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Al Roker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Roker', 'summary': "Albert Lincoln Roker Jr. ( born August 20 , 1954 ) is an American weather forecaster , journalist , television personality , actor , and author . He is the current weather anchor on NBC 's Today . Roker also serves as co-host on 3rd Hour Today ; although the latter not officially announced by NBC News . He has an inactive American Meteorological Society Television Seal # 238 . On November 12 , 2014 , at 10:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time , Roker attempted to beat the unofficial world record for an uninterrupted live weather report of 33 hours held by Norwegian weather broadcaster Eli Kari Gjengedal . On November 14 , 2014 , at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time , Roker set the Guinness World Record by reporting for 34 hours . On the December 14 , 2018 episode of Today , Roker was honored for 40 years at NBC . The Today Plaza was officially named the Rokerfeller Plaza in his honor ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Weatherman for NBC 's Today Show", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Today_(NBC_program)', 'summary': "Today , also called The Today Show , is an American news and talk morning television show that airs on NBC . The program debuted on January 14 , 1952 . It was the first of its genre on American television and in the world , and after 68 years of broadcasting it is the fifth-longest-running American television series . Originally a weekday two-hour program from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. , it expanded to Sundays in 1987 and Saturdays in 1992 . The weekday broadcast expanded to three hours in 2000 , and to four hours in 2007 ( though over time , the third and fourth hours became distinct entities ) . Today 's dominance was virtually unchallenged by the other networks until the late 1980s , when it was overtaken by ABC 's Good Morning America . Today retook the Nielsen ratings lead the week of December 11 , 1995 , and held onto that position for 852 consecutive weeks until the week of April 9 , 2012 , when Good Morning America topped it again . Today maintained its No . 2 status behind GMA from the summer of 2012 until it regained the lead in the aftermath of anchor Matt Lauer 's departure in November 2017 . In 2002 , Today was ranked No . 17 on TV Guide 's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time . The entertainment magazine Variety reported the 2016 advertising revenue during the first two hours of the show was $ 508.8 million ."}]}, {'value': 'Alice McDermott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alice_McDermott', 'summary': "Alice McDermott ( born June 27 , 1953 ) is an American writer and university professor . For her 1998 novel Charming Billy she won an American Book Award and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction . McDermott is Johns Hopkins University 's Richard A. Macksey Professor of the Humanities ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Novelist and winner of the 1998 National Book Award', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Book_Award', 'summary': 'The National Book Awards are a set of annual U.S. literary awards . At the final National Book Awards Ceremony every November , the National Book Foundation presents the National Book Awards and two lifetime achievement awards to authors . The National Book Awards were established in 1936 by the American Booksellers Association , abandoned during World War II , and re-established by three book industry organizations in 1950 . Non-U.S. authors and publishers were eligible for the pre-war awards . Now they are presented to U.S. authors for books published in the United States roughly during the award year . The nonprofit National Book Foundation was established in 1988 to administer and enhance the National Book Awards and move beyond [ them ] into the fields of education and literacy , primarily by sponsoring public appearances by writers . Its mission is to celebrate the best literature in America , expand its audience , and ensure that books have a prominent place in American culture . In 2018 , there were 1,637 books nominated for the five award categories , led by the Nonfiction category with 546 nominations . The 2018 ceremony was held on November 14 in New York City .'}]}, {'value': 'John McLoughlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McLoughlin_(9/11_attacks_survivor)', 'summary': 'World Trade Center is a 2006 American survival disaster drama film directed by Oliver Stone and based on the September 11 , 2001 attacks at the World Trade Center . It stars Nicolas Cage , Maria Bello , Michael Peña , Maggie Gyllenhaal , Stephen Dorff and Michael Shannon . The film was shot between October 2005 and February 2006 , and released on August 9 , 2006 . The 2017 film 9/11 , based on stage play Elevator , also features the towers on the same day in the attacks ( similar to this film ) .'}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One of two Port Authority of New York and New Jersey police officers who survived after being trapped in the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey', 'summary': 'The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ ) is a joint venture between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey , established in 1921 through an interstate compact authorized by the United States Congress . The Port Authority oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure , including bridges , tunnels , airports , and seaports , within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey . This 1,500-square-mile ( 3,900 km2 ) port district is generally encompassed within a 25-mile ( 40 km ) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument . The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center and is a member of the Real Estate Board of New York . The Port Authority operates the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal , which handled the third-largest volume of shipping among all ports in the United States in 2004 , and the largest on the Eastern Seaboard . The Port Authority also operates six bi-state crossings : three connecting New Jersey with Manhattan , and three connecting New Jersey with Staten Island . The Port Authority Bus Terminal and the PATH rail system are also run by the Port Authority , as well as LaGuardia Airport , John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Teterboro Airport and Stewart International Airport . The agency has its own 1,700-member Port Authority Police Department .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Port_Authority_Police', 'summary': 'The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department , or Port Authority Police Department ( PAPD ) , is a law enforcement agency in New York and New Jersey , the duties of which are to protect and to enforce state and city laws at all the facilities , owned or operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey ( PANYNJ ) , the bi-state agency running airports , seaports , and many bridges and tunnels within the Port of New York and New Jersey . Additionally , the PAPD is responsible for other PANYNJ properties including three bus terminals ( the Port Authority Bus Terminal , the George Washington Bridge Bus Station and Journal Square Transportation Center ) , the World Trade Center in lower Manhattan , and the PATH train system . The PAPD is the largest transit-related police force in the United States .'}, {'url': '/wiki/September_11_attacks', 'summary': "The September 11 attacks ( also referred to as 9/11 ) [ a ] were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday , September 11 , 2001 . The attacks resulted in 2,977 victim fatalities , over 25,000 injuries , and caused at least $ 10 billion in infrastructure and property damage . Additional people have died of 9/11-related cancer and respiratory diseases in the months and years following the attacks . Four passenger airliners operated by two major U.S. passenger air carriers ( United Airlines and American Airlines ) - all of which departed from airports in the northeastern United States bound for San Francisco and Los Angeles - were hijacked by 19 al-Qaeda terrorists . Two of the planes , American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 , were crashed into the North and South towers , respectively , of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan . Within an hour and 42 minutes , both 110-story towers collapsed . Debris and the resulting fires caused a partial or complete collapse of all other buildings in the World Trade Center complex , including the 47-story 7 World Trade Center tower , as well as significant damage to ten other large surrounding structures . A third plane , American Airlines Flight 77 , was crashed into the Pentagon ( the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense ) in Arlington County , Virginia , which led to a partial collapse of the building 's west side . The fourth plane , United Airlines Flight 93 , was initially flown toward Washington , D.C. , but crashed into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville , Pennsylvania , after its passengers thwarted the hijackers . 9/11 is the single deadliest terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for firefighters and law enforcement officers in the history of the United States , with 343 and 72 killed , respectively . Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda . The United States responded by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban , which had failed to comply with U.S. demands to extradite Osama bin Laden and expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973–2001)', 'summary': 'The original World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City , United States . It opened on April 4 , 1973 , and was destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks . At the time of their completion , the Twin Towers - the original 1 World Trade Center , at 1,368 feet ( 417 m ) ; and 2 World Trade Center , at 1,362 feet ( 415.1 m ) - were the tallest buildings in the world . Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center ( 3 WTC ) , 4 WTC , 5 WTC , 6 WTC , and 7 WTC . The complex contained 13,400,000 square feet ( 1,240,000 m2 ) of office space . The core of the complex was built between 1966 and 1975 , at a cost of $ 400 million ( equivalent to $ 2.27 billion in 2018 ) . During its existence , the World Trade Center experienced several major incidents , including a fire on February 13 , 1975 , a bombing on February 26 , 1993 , and a bank robbery on January 14 , 1998 . In 1998 , the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey decided to privatize it by leasing the buildings to a private company to manage . It awarded the lease to Silverstein Properties in July 2001 . On the morning of September 11 , 2001 , Al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers flew two Boeing 767 jets into the North and South Towers within minutes of each other ; two hours later , both towers collapsed . The attacks killed 2,606 people in and within the vicinity of the towers , as well as all 157 on board the two aircraft . Falling debris from the towers , combined with fires that the debris initiated in several surrounding buildings , led to the partial or complete collapse of all the buildings in the complex , and caused catastrophic damage to ten other large structures in the surrounding area .'}]}, {'value': 'Wayne Levi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Levi', 'summary': 'Wayne John Levi ( born February 22 , 1952 ) is an American professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Professional golfer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heraldo Muñoz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heraldo_Muñoz', 'summary': 'Heraldo Muñoz Valenzuela ( born July 22 , 1948 ) is a Chilean politician and diplomat , the former Chilean Ambassador to the United Nations , to Brazil , and to the Organization of American States , former Assistant Secretary General , Assistant Administrator , and Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations Development Programme , and former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile under President Michelle Bachelet .'}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former ambassador to the United Nations for Chile ; current Chilean foreign minister', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chile', 'summary': 'Chile ( /ˈtʃɪli/ ( listen ) , /ˈtʃɪleɪ/ ; Spanish : [ ˈtʃile ] ) , [ nb 2 ] officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish : República de Chile ( help·info ) ) , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres ( 480,000 sq mi ) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory . [ nb 3 ] , The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth , principally copper and lithium . The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources , and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions . Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands , and features a string of volcanoes and lakes . The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords , inlets , canals , twisting peninsulas , and islands . Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century , replacing Inca rule in the north and centre , but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile . After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818 , Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic . In the 19th century , Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth , ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific ( 1879-83 ) after defeating Peru and Bolivia . In the 1960s and 1970s , the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil .'}]}, {'value': 'Pete Sears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Sears_(ice_hockey)', 'summary': 'Gordon Peter Pete Sears ( born March 14 , 1947 in Lake Placid , New York ) is a former ice hockey player who played for the American national team . He won a silver medal at the 1972 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the 1972 United States Olympic hockey team ( goalie )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James W. Wright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_W._Wright', 'summary': 'James W. Wright is the executive director of the Development Authority of the North Country . Previously he had been a member of the New York State Senate , representing the 48th district . This district includes Oswego and Jefferson counties , as well as part of St. Lawrence County . Prior to his election , he had been county administrator for Oswego County and later Jefferson County . A Republican , he announced his retirement from elected office in December 2007 , and was succeeded in a special election by Democrat Darrel Aubertine .'}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former New York State Senator', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'State_University_of_New_York_at_Oswego_0', 'intro': "State University of New York at Oswego (SUNY Oswego or Oswego State) is a public college in the City of Oswego and Town of Oswego, New York. It has two campuses: historic lakeside campus in Oswego and Metro Center in Syracuse, New York. SUNY Oswego was founded in 1861 as the Oswego Primary Teachers Training School by Edward Austin Sheldon, who introduced a revolutionary teaching methodology Oswego Movement in American education. In 1942 the New York Legislature elevated it from a normal school to a degree-granting teachers' college, Oswego State Teachers College, which was a founding and charter member of the State University of New York system in 1948. In 1962 the college broadened its scope to become a liberal arts college. SUNY Oswego currently has over 80,000 living alumni. Oswego State offers more than 100 academic programs leading to bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and certificates of advanced study. It consists of four colleges and schools: College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Business, School of Education, and School of Communications, Media and the Arts."}
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_luge', 'title': 'List of Olympic venues in luge', 'header': ['Games', 'Venue', 'Other sports hosted at venue for those games', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': '1964 Innsbruck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1964 Winter Olympics , officially known as the IX Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les IXes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( German : Olympische Winterspiele 1964 ) , was a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in Innsbruck , Austria , from January 29 to February 9 , 1964 . The Games included 1091 athletes from 36 nations , and the Olympic Torch was carried by Joseph Rieder , a former alpine skier who had participated in the 1956 Winter Olympics . The Games were affected by the deaths of Australian alpine skier Ross Milne and British luge slider Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypeski , during training , and by the deaths , three years earlier , of the entire US figure skating team and family members ."}]}, {'value': 'Bob und Rodelbahn Igls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Sliding_Centre_Innsbruck', 'summary': 'The Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck is a venue for bobsleigh , luge and skeleton located in Igls , Austria ( southeast of Innsbruck ) . The most recent version of the track was completed in 1975 and is the first permanent , combination artificially refrigerated bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track , serving as a model for other tracks of its kind worldwide . It hosted the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton competitions for the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh ( separate track )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1964_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Bobsleigh 1964 Winter Olympics events took place between 31 January and 7 February 1964 at Bob und Rodelbahn Igls , Innsbruck , Austria . This marked the return of Bobsleigh to the Winter Olympics as no bob events took place at the 1960 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968 Grenoble', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Winter Olympics , officially known as the X Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les Xes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1968 in Grenoble , France , and opened on 6 February . Thirty-seven countries participated . Frenchman Jean-Claude Killy won three gold medals in all the alpine skiing events . In women 's figure skating , Peggy Fleming won the only United States gold medal . The games have been credited with making the Winter Olympics more popular in the United States , not least of which because of ABC 's extensive coverage of Fleming and Killy , who became overnight sensations among teenage girls . The year 1968 marked the first time the IOC first permitted East and West Germany to enter separately , and the first time the IOC ever ordered drug and gender testing of competitors ."}]}, {'value': 'Piste de Luge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Villard-de-Lans', 'summary': 'Villard-de-Lans is a commune in the Isère department of the Auvergne-Rhones-Alpes region in southeastern France . The town is also situated in the Vercors Massif . It was the administrative centre of the eponymous canton until the departmental elections of 2015 . After the elections , Villard-de-Lans and the communes of its former canton were all incorporated into the new canton of Fontaine-Vercors . The town remains the seat of the Community of Communes in the Vercors Massif ( CCMV ) . The town is a centre for skiing in winter , as well as hiking and hot air ballooning during the other seasons . It is also the town with the largest amount of available lodging in the entire Vercors Regional Natural Park .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972 Sapporo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XI Olympic Winter Games ( Japanese : 第十一回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Dai Jūichi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) ( French : Les XIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , were a winter multi-sport event which was held from February 3 to February 13 , 1972 , in Sapporo , Hokkaidō , Japan . It was the first Winter Olympics to be held outside Europe and North America , and only the third game ( summer or winter ) held outside those regions overall , after Melbourne ( 1956 Summer Olympics ) and Tokyo ( 1964 Summer Olympics ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mt . Teine Luge Course', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teine-ku,_Sapporo', 'summary': 'Teine-ku ( 手稲区 ) is one of the 10 wards in Sapporo , Hokkaidō , Japan . The ward is located in northwest of Sapporo , which is neighboured to three other wards in Sapporo and two cities . The area was established as one of the wards in Sapporo in 1989 , when it was split from Nishi-ku , Sapporo .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 Innsbruck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XII Olympic Winter Games ( French : XIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver , German : Olympische Winterspiele 1976 ) , were a winter multi-sport event which was celebrated February 4-15 , 1976 in Innsbruck , Austria . It was the second time the Tyrolean city hosted the Games , which were awarded to Innsbruck after Denver , the original host city , withdrew in 1972 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kominierte Kunsteisbahn für Bob-Rodel Igls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Sliding_Centre_Innsbruck', 'summary': 'The Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck is a venue for bobsleigh , luge and skeleton located in Igls , Austria ( southeast of Innsbruck ) . The most recent version of the track was completed in 1975 and is the first permanent , combination artificially refrigerated bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track , serving as a model for other tracks of its kind worldwide . It hosted the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton competitions for the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1976_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh at the 1976 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , at Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck . The competition took place between 6 and 14 February 1976 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 Lake Placid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1980 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XIII Olympic Winter Games , was a multi-sport event which was celebrated from February 13 to February 24 , 1980 , in Lake Placid , New York , United States . This was the second time the Upstate New York village hosted the Games , after 1932 . The only other candidate city to bid for the Games was Vancouver-Garibaldi , British Columbia , Canada , which withdrew before the final vote ( though Vancouver would eventually win the bid to host the 2010 Winter Olympics . ) The mascot of the Games was Roni , a raccoon . The mask-like rings on a raccoon 's face recall the goggles and hats worn by many athletes in winter sports . The sports were played at the Olympic Center , Whiteface Mountain , Mt . Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run , the Olympic Ski Jumps , the Cascade Cross Country Ski Center , and the Lake Placid High School Speed Skating Oval ."}]}, {'value': 'Mt . Van Hoevenberg Bob and Luge Run', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mt._Van_Hoevenberg_Olympic_Bobsled_Run', 'summary': 'The Mt . Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run is a venue for bobsleigh , luge and skeleton in the United States , located at the Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex in Lake Placid , New York . This venue was used for the 1932 and 1980 Winter Olympics and for the only winter Goodwill Games in 2000 . The third and most recent version of the track was completed in 2000 with the track hosting both the first FIBT World Championships and FIL World Luge Championships done outside of Europe , doing so in 1949 and 1983 . In 2010 the bobsled track was listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh ( separate track )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , at Mt . Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run . The competition took place between 15 and 24 February 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '11,000 ( bobsleigh )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984 Sarajevo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1984 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games ( French : XIVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Serbo-Croatian : XIV . zimske olimpijske igre / XIV Зимске олимпијске игре ; Macedonian : XIV Зимски олимписки игри ; Slovene : XIV olimpijske zimske igre ) , was a winter multi-sport event which took place from 8-19 February 1984 in Sarajevo , Yugoslavia , in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina . Other candidate cities were Sapporo , Japan ; and Gothenburg , Sweden . It was the first Winter Olympic Games held in a socialist state and in a Slavic language-speaking country . It was also the second Olympics overall , as well as the second consecutive Olympics , to be held in a socialist and in a Slavic language-speaking country after the 1980 Summer Olympics were held in Moscow , Soviet Union . Furthermore , it was the first Olympics held in the Balkans after the first modern Games in Athens . The Sarajevo games have also been the only Olympics so far to be hosted by a Non-Aligned Movement member ."}]}, {'value': 'Trebević', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trebević', 'summary': 'Trebević ( Serbian Cyrillic : Требевић ) is a mountain in central Bosnia and Herzegovina , located to the southeast of Sarajevo , in the territory of East Sarajevo city , bordering Jahorina mountain . Trebević is 1,627 meters ( 5,338 ft ) tall , making it the second shortest of the Sarajevo mountains . During the Middle Ages , Trebević was known as Zlatni Do . During the 1984 Winter Olympics Trebević , like the other Sarajevo mountains , was used for a number of Olympic events , such as bobsledding . Trebević today is important of a tourist destination for citizens of Sarajevo as Igman or Bjelašnica . Most of the land mines are now cleared from heavy fighting that took place in the early 1990s . There are few hotels , mountaineering homes , and other such structures on Trebević and the immediate area . Mountain is very popular for family picnic , hiking , climbing , mountain biking and it has downhill track for local and international competitions . Trebević has been the main excursion site of Sarajevo citizens due to the favorable geographical position , climate and the beauty of the nature . The biological diversity is among the highest and it is extraordinary to find such a phenomenon near the hearth of the big city . [ citation needed ] On 9 April 2014 , Sarajevo Canton Assembly declared Trebević a protected area , in order to conserve and improve each element of the geographical and biological diversity . Trebević can be reached from Sarajevo by Trebević Cable Car , which starts from the neighborhood of Bistrik .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1984_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh at the 1984 Winter Olympics was held at the Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track on the mountain of Trebević between February 10-18 , 1984 . This was the first time that Yugoslavia entered bobsleigh teams , and did so as hosts . Chinese Taipei and Soviet Union also entered bob teams for the first time . The two events also saw the Swede , Carl-Erik Eriksson compete in the Games for the sixth time and the age of 53 . The German Democratic Republic dominated events and won Gold & Silver in both disciplines , with Wolfgang Hoppe and Dietmar Schauerhammer winning Golds in both events .'}]}, {'value': '4,000 ( luge ) 7,500 ( bobsleigh )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988 Calgary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1988 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , was a multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary , Alberta , Canada , between February 13 and 28 , 1988 and were the first Winter Olympics to be held over a whole two week period . The host city was selected in 1981 over Falun , Sweden , and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . Most events took place in Calgary while several skiing events were held in the mountain resorts of Nakiska and Canmore , west of the city . A then-record 57 nations competed and 1,423 athletes participated . As it had in Montreal in 1976 , Canada again failed to win a gold medal in an official medal event as the host nation . Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykänen and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip were individual medal leaders with each winning three gold medals . The games are also remembered for the heroic failure of British ski jumper Eddie The Eagle Edwards , and the Winter Olympic début of the Jamaica national bobsled team , both of which would be subjects of major feature films about their participation in the games . The Calgary games were at the time one of the most expensive Olympics ever held , but the organizing committee turned record television and sponsorship revenue into a net surplus that was used to maintain the facilities built for the Olympics and develop the Calgary region into the heart of Canada 's elite winter sports program . The five purpose-built venues continue to be used in their original functions , and have helped the country develop into one of the top nations in Winter Olympic competition ; Canada more than quintupled the five medals it won in Calgary at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada Olympic Park ( includes bobsleigh/luge track )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_Olympic_Park', 'summary': "WinSport 's Canada Olympic Park ( COP ) ( formerly known as Paskapoo Ski Hill ) is a ski hill and multi-purpose training and competition facility located in Calgary , Alberta , Canada , and is owned and operated by WinSport . It is currently used both for high performance athletic training and for recreational purposes by the general public . Canada Olympic Park was one of the venues for the 1988 Winter Olympics , being the primary venue for ski jumping , bobsleigh , and luge . The park is located in western Calgary , south of the Trans-Canada Highway , north of the community of Cougar Ridge and west of Bowness ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canada_Olympic_Park_bobsleigh,_luge,_and_skeleton_track', 'summary': "The Canada Olympic Park bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track located in Calgary , Alberta . Part of Canada Olympic Park , it hosted the bobsleigh and luge competitions at the 1988 Winter Olympics . This track is one of only two of its type in the world to be featured in a non-documentary film when it was part of the 1993 American film Cool Runnings which loosely followed the Jamaican Bobsled Team during their competition in bobsleigh at the 1988 Games ( The other was the 1981 British film For Your Eyes Only which included scenes from the bobsleigh track in Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Freestyle skiing ( demonstration ) , Nordic combined ( ski jumping ) , Ski jumping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , at Canada Olympic Park . The competition took place between February 20 and February 28 , 1988 . The event included competitors from countries with little or no snow . These countries included Jamaica ( whose involvement spurred the Walt Disney Pictures film Cool Runnings ) , Mexico , and New Zealand . An informal Caribbean Cup of such countries was won by New Zealand 's Alexander Peterson and Peter Henry , who finished equal twentieth . In the two-man event , the best result from a completely snow-less country was twenty-ninth by Bart Carpentier Alting and Bart Dreschsel of the Netherlands Antilles . Alting also competed in luge , finishing thirty-sixth out of thirty-eight . This was the second and last time that Soviet Union took part in bobsleigh teams ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Freestyle_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Freestyle skiing was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics . The venues were Canada Olympic Park for aerials and ballet , and Nakiska for moguls . This was the first appearance of freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Nordic combined at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , held from 23 February to 28 February . The ski jumping portion took place at Canada Olympic Park , while the cross-country portion took place at Canmore Nordic Centre . The Calgary Games saw two substantial changes in the Nordic combined program . A team event was added , marking the first time that more than one medal would be awarded in Nordic combined . The combined events also changed their format , replacing the points-based system used in previous years with the Gundersen method , in which ski jumping points totals were translated to time gaps for a pursuit cross-country race . This change ensured that the first competitor across the finish line in the cross-country race was the overall Olympic champion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Ski jumping at the 1988 Winter Olympics consisted of three events held from 14 February to 24 February , taking place at Canada Olympic Park . The Calgary Games featured the addition of a new event , the first program change since 1964 , with the debut of the team event . Britain 's Eddie The Eagle Edwards achieved celebrity by finishing last in both individual events , with less than half the points of the second-last competitor ."}]}, {'value': '25,000 ( bobsleigh/luge ) 35,000 ( ski jumping ) 15,000 ( freestyle )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 Albertville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville , France . They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics , and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site . Albertville was selected as host in 1986 , beating Sofia , Falun , Lillehammer , Cortina d'Ampezzo , Anchorage and Berchtesgaden . The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France , after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968 , and the fifth Olympics overall in the country . Only some of the skating and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville , while the rest of the events took place in the villages of Courchevel , La Plagne , Les Arcs , Les Menuires , Les Saisies , Méribel , Pralognan-la-Vanoise , Tignes and Val d'Isère . Sixty-four nations with 1,801 athletes participated in the games , including the Unified Team which represented non-Baltic former Soviet republics . Germany participated as a unified team following reunification in 1990 , while five newly independent European countries debuted , as did six warm-weather countries . Short track speed skating , moguls and women 's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport . The games were the last Winter Games until 2014 to have demonstration sports , consisting of curling , aerials , ski ballet and speed skiing . It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink . The games were succeeded by the 1992 Winter Paralympics from 25 March to 1 April . Norwegians won every male cross-country skiing race , with Bjørn Dæhlie and Vegard Ulvang both collecting three gold ."}]}, {'value': 'La Plagne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Plagne_bobsleigh,_luge,_and_skeleton_track', 'summary': 'The La Plagne bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track located in La Plagne , France . The track was the venue for the bobsleigh and luge competitions for the 1992 Winter Olympics whose host city was neighboring Albertville .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1992_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh at the 1992 Winter Olympics consisted of two events , at La Plagne . The competition took place between February 15 and February 22 , 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994 Lillehammer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1994 Winter Olympics ( Norwegian : Olympiske vinterleker 1994 ) , officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer , Norway . Lillehammer failed to win the bid for the 1992 event , losing to Albertville . Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , after beating Anchorage , United States ; Östersund , Sweden ; and Sofia , Bulgaria . Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and the Olympic Games overall . The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics , the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games . The Games were the second Winter Olympics hosted in Norway , after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , and the fourth Olympics in the Nordic countries , after the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden , and the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland . Although many events took place in Lillehammer , skating took place in Hamar , some ice hockey matches were placed in Gjøvik , while Alpine skiing was held in Øyer and Ringebu . Sixty-seven countries and 1,737 athletes participated in six sports and sixty-one events . Fourteen countries made their debut in the Winter Olympics , of which nine were former Soviet republics . The Games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules , reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries . New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials , while speed skating was moved indoors . Nearly two million people spectated the games , which were the first to have the Olympic truce in effect .'}]}, {'value': 'Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lillehammer_Olympic_Bobsleigh_and_Luge_Track', 'summary': "Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track ( Norwegian : Lillehammer Olympiske Bob- og Akebane ) is a bobsleigh , luge and skeleton track located at Hunderfossen in Lillehammer , Norway , 15 kilometers ( 9 mi ) north of the town center of Lillehammer . It was completed in 1992 for the 1994 Winter Olympics , where it hosted the bobsleigh events and luge events . It has since also hosted the FIBT World Championships 1995 in skeleton and the FIL World Luge Championships 1995 , and hosted 2016 Winter Youth Olympics . Original plans called for the track to be located at Fåberg . Later it was proposed moved to Kanthaugen in the town center and then Holmenkollen in Oslo , before Hunderfossen was decided upon . The track is 1,710 meters ( 5,610 ft ) , giving a competition length of 1,365 meters ( 4,478 ft ) for bobsleigh and men 's singles luge , and 1,185 meters ( 3,888 ft ) for other luge competitions . The bobsleigh course has a vertical drop of 114 meters ( 374 ft ) , giving an 8.5 percent average grade . The track has been part of the proposed Oslo 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics bids ."}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1994_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The bobsleigh competitions of the Lillehammer 1994 Olympics were held at the Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track between 19 and 27 February 1994 .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998 Nagano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1998 Winter Olympics , officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) , and commonly known as Nagano 1998 , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 that were centered in Nagano , Japan . The Games also took place in the nearby mountain communities of Hakuba , Karuizawa , Nozawa Onsen , and Yamanouuchi . The city of Nagano had previously been a candidate to host the 1940 Winter Olympics ( which were later cancelled ) , as well as the 1972 Winter Olympics , but each time Nagano was eliminated at the national level by Sapporo . The games hosted 2,176 athletes from 72 nations competing in 7 sports and 68 events . The number of athletes and participating nations were a record at the time . The Games saw the introduction of women 's ice hockey , curling and snowboarding . National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men 's ice hockey for the first time . Five countries , Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela made their debut at the Winter Olympics . The athlete who won the most medals at these games was the Russian cross-country skier Larisa Lazutina who won five medals , including three gold . The Norwegian cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie won four medals , including three gold , which took his total Olympic medal total to 12 , including eight gold , which is a record for Winter Olympics . In ice hockey , professionals from the North American National Hockey League participated for the first time . Despite their participation , the Czech men 's ice hockey team won the gold medal ."}]}, {'value': 'Spiral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spiral_(bobsleigh,_luge,_and_skeleton)', 'summary': 'The Spiral is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track located in Iizuna village , located north of Nagano , Japan . Used for the bobsleigh and luge competitions for the 1998 Winter Olympics , it is the first permanent bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track in Asia and the first of its type in the world with two or more uphill sections . It is officially referred to as the Nagano Bobsleigh-Luge Park in Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh at the 1998 Winter Olympics consisted of two events at Spiral . The competition took place between February 16 and February 23 , 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002 Salt Lake City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ."}]}, {'value': 'Utah Olympic Park ( includes bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_Olympic_Park', 'summary': 'The Utah Olympic Park is a winter sports park built for the 2002 Winter Olympics , and is located 28 miles ( 45 km ) east of Salt Lake City near Park City , Utah , United States . During the 2002 games the park hosted the bobsleigh , skeleton , luge , ski jumping , and Nordic combined events . It still serves a training center for Olympic and development level athletes . Other facilities in addition to the ski jumps and bobsled track located on site include a 2002 Winter Olympics and Ski Museum , day lodge , summer aerial training splash pool , ziplines , and a mountain coaster .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Utah_Olympic_Park_bobsleigh/luge/skeleton_track', 'summary': 'The Utah Olympic Park Track is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track in the United States , located in the Utah Olympic Park near Park City , Utah . During the 2002 Winter Olympics in nearby Salt Lake City , the track hosted the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton events . Today the track still serves as a training center for Olympic and development level athletes , and hosts numerous local and international competitions . It is one of two tracks in the nation , the other is at Mt . Van Hoevenberg near Lake Placid , New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Nordic combined ( ski jumping ) , Skeleton , Ski Jumping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Three bobsleigh events were competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics , at Utah Olympic Park . The competition took place between February 16 and February 23 , 2002 . For the first time since 1932 , Olympic bobsleigh added a new event , with the first ever women 's competition , won by Jill Bakken and Vonetta Flowers of the United States . The men 's competitions comprised four heats . Teams raced in the first and third heats in the order of the draw . The second heat was raced in order of ranking after the first heat , and the fourth heat is raced in order of the ranking after the first three heats . Total time for the four heats determined the final rank . The two-woman competition utilized two heats , under the same format ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nordic_combined_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Nordic combined at the 2002 Winter Olympics , consisted of three events held over ten days , from 9 February to 22 February . The ski jumping part took place in Park City , while the cross-country part took place in Soldier Hollow . This was the first Winter Olympics to have two individual Nordic Combined events : the 10 km individual normal hill ( sprint ) and the 10 km individual large hill ( individual ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Skeleton returned to the program of the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in 54 years at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City . This was the first time Olympic competitions in skeleton were held during an Olympics outside of St. Moritz . Both men and women competed , with medals awarded after five runs down the course . Both events were contested on February 20 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Ski jumping at the 2002 Winter Olympics , consisted of three events held from 10 February to 13 February , taking place at Park City .'}]}, {'value': '18,100 ( ski jumping ) 15,000 ( bobsleigh , luge , skeleton )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 Turin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2006 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games ( Italian : XX Giochi olimpici invernali ) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006 , was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin , Piedmont , Italy from February 10 to 26 , 2006 . This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games , the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo . Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome . Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999 . The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was Passion lives here . The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building , drawn in white and blue ice crystals , signifying the snow and the sky . The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community . The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ( snow in Italian ) , a female snowball , and Gliz , a male ice cube . Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games ."}]}, {'value': 'Cesana Pariol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cesana_Pariol', 'summary': 'Cesana Pariol was the venue for bobsled , luge and skeleton during the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The track , built for the games , is located in Cesana . The venue holds approximately 7,130 spectators , of whom 3,624 are seated .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Skeleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Three bobsleigh events were competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics , at the Cesana Pariol venue . The competition took place between February 17 and February 26 , 2006 . The events used the newly built Cesana Pariol track measuring 1435 metres with 19 curves , a vertical change of 114 metres , and an approximate top speed of 130 kilometres per hour . Competitions comprised four heats . Teams raced in the first and third heats in the order of the draw . The second heat was raced in order of ranking after the first heat , and the fourth heat is raced in order of the ranking after the first three heats . Total time for the four heats determined the final rank .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The skeleton competition at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games was held at Cesana Pariol in Cesana , Italy on February 16 ( women 's ) and February 17 ( men 's ) ."}]}, {'value': '4,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 Vancouver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ."}]}, {'value': 'The Whistler Sliding Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Whistler_Sliding_Centre', 'summary': "The Whistler Sliding Centre ( French : Centre des sports de glisse de Whistler ) is a Canadian bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track located in Whistler , British Columbia , that is 125 km ( 78 mi ) north of Vancouver . The centre is part of the Whistler Blackcomb resort , which comprises two ski mountains separated by Fitzsimmons Creek . Located on the lowermost slope of the northern mountain ( Blackcomb Mountain ) , Whistler Sliding Centre hosted the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton competitions for the 2010 Winter Olympics . Design work started in late 2004 with construction taking place from June 2005 to December 2007 . Bobsledders Pierre Lueders and Justin Kripps of Canada took the first run on the track on 19 December 2007 . Certification took place in March 2008 with over 200 runs from six different start houses ( the place where the sleds start their runs ) , and was approved both by the International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation ( FIBT ) and the International Luge Federation ( FIL ) . Training runs took place in late 2008 in preparation for the World Cup events in all three sports in early 2009 . World Cup competitions were held in February 2009 for bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton . The top speed for all World Cup events set by German luger Felix Loch at 153.98 km/h ( 95.68 mph ) . In late 2009 , more training took place in preparation for the Winter Olympics . On 12 February 2010 , the day of the Olympic opening ceremonies , Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili was killed during a training run while reportedly going 143.3 km/h ( 89.0 mph ) . This resulted in the men 's singles event being moved to the women 's singles and men 's doubles start house while both the women 's singles and men 's doubles event were moved to the junior start house ."}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Skeleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The bobsleigh competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at the Whistler Sliding Centre between 20 and 27 February 2010 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'The skeleton competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Sliding Centre . The events were held between the 18 and 19 February 2010 . This event was expanded to four runs over two days beginning at these Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': '12,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014 Sochi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ."}]}, {'value': 'Sliding Center Sanki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sliding_Center_Sanki', 'summary': 'The Sliding Center Sanki ( Санки ) ( a.k.a . the Sanki Sliding Center ) is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track located in Rzhanaya Polyana , Russia , located 60 km ( 37 mi ) northeast of Sochi . Located in the Western Caucasus . The venue hosted the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton events for the 2014 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Skeleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh is an event in the Winter Olympic Games where a two- or four-person team drives a specially designed sled down an ice track , with the winning team completing the route with the fastest time . The event has been featured since the first Winter Games in 1924 in Chamonix , France , with the exception of the 1960 games in Squaw Valley when the organizing committee decided not to build a track in order to reduce expenses . Other than that exception , the four-man competition has been competed at every game ( in 1928 , it was a five-man competition ) . The two-man event was introduced at the 1932 Lake Placid games and a two-woman event was first contested at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head-first and prone ( lying face down ) on a flat sled . It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity . It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics , after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport . Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics , with both men 's and women 's events , and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since . Skeleton is so-named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton . The sport is similar to , but not to be confused with , luge , another form of sled racing where the competitor rides on the back and feet-first . Often using the same courses , the racing physics are not identical . Great Britain is the only nation to have won a medal every time skeleton has featured at the Olympic Games , and has won at least one medal in each of the five contests of Women 's skeleton since its introduction with five different athletes ."}]}, {'value': '9,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018 PyeongChang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Korean : 제23회 동계 올림픽 , romanized : Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province , South Korea , with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018 , the day before the opening ceremony . Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011 , at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . This was the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , but it was only the first Winter Olympics to be held in the country . It was the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the following two being Tokyo 2020 ( summer ) and Beijing 2022 ( winter ) . It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games , after Sapporo ( 1972 ) and Nagano ( 1998 ) , both of these cities in Japan . It was also the first Winter Olympics to be held in mainland Asia . The Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines , a record number of events for the Winter Games . Four events made their Olympic debut in 2018 : big air snowboarding , mass start speed skating , mixed doubles curling , and mixed team alpine skiing . A total of 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed , including the national debuts of Ecuador , Eritrea , Kosovo , Malaysia , Nigeria and Singapore . After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics , the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended , but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ) . North Korea agreed to participate in the Games despite tense relations with South Korea ; the two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea , and fielded a unified team ( COR ) in the women 's ice hockey . Norway led the total medal tally with 39 , followed by Germany 's 31 and Canada 's 29 ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpensia Sliding Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alpensia_Sliding_Centre', 'summary': 'The Alpensia Sliding Centre ( 알펜시아 슬라이딩 센터 ) is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track that is located in Daegwallyeong , South Korea . The centre is part of the Alpensia Resort located in the county of Pyeongchang . The venue is the first sliding centre in Korea , and the second in Asia .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Skeleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh is an event in the Winter Olympic Games where a two- or four-person team drives a specially designed sled down an ice track , with the winning team completing the route with the fastest time . The event has been featured since the first Winter Games in 1924 in Chamonix , France , with the exception of the 1960 games in Squaw Valley when the organizing committee decided not to build a track in order to reduce expenses . Other than that exception , the four-man competition has been competed at every game ( in 1928 , it was a five-man competition ) . The two-man event was introduced at the 1932 Lake Placid games and a two-woman event was first contested at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head-first and prone ( lying face down ) on a flat sled . It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity . It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics , after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport . Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics , with both men 's and women 's events , and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since . Skeleton is so-named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton . The sport is similar to , but not to be confused with , luge , another form of sled racing where the competitor rides on the back and feet-first . Often using the same courses , the racing physics are not identical . Great Britain is the only nation to have won a medal every time skeleton has featured at the Olympic Games , and has won at least one medal in each of the five contests of Women 's skeleton since its introduction with five different athletes ."}]}, {'value': '11,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2022 Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2022 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Chinese : 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) , and commonly known as Beijing 2022 , is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022 , in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei province , China . Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . These Games will be the first Winter Olympics ever to be held in China , the fourth Winter Olympics held in East Asia , and the last of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea , and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo , Japan . With its previous hosting of the 2008 Summer Olympics , Beijing will be the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics : there are plans to utilize many of the same venues that were used for the 2008 Games , including its indoor venues , and Beijing National Stadium ( also known as the Bird 's Nest ) as ceremonies venue . Beijing is also the second national capital to host the Winter Olympics , after Oslo , Norway in 1952 ."}]}, {'value': 'Xiaohaituo Bobsleigh and Luge Track', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xiaohaituo_Bobsleigh_and_Luge_Track', 'summary': 'The Xiaohaituo Bobsleigh and Luge Track is a bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track that will be located in Yanqing District , a suburban district in Beijing . This venue will host the bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton events for the 2022 Winter Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Bobsleigh , Skeleton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': 'Bobsleigh is an event in the Winter Olympic Games where a two- or four-person team drives a specially designed sled down an ice track , with the winning team completing the route with the fastest time . The event has been featured since the first Winter Games in 1924 in Chamonix , France , with the exception of the 1960 games in Squaw Valley when the organizing committee decided not to build a track in order to reduce expenses . Other than that exception , the four-man competition has been competed at every game ( in 1928 , it was a five-man competition ) . The two-man event was introduced at the 1932 Lake Placid games and a two-woman event was first contested at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_Winter_Olympics', 'summary': "Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head-first and prone ( lying face down ) on a flat sled . It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity . It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics , after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport . Skeleton was reintroduced at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics , with both men 's and women 's events , and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since . Skeleton is so-named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton . The sport is similar to , but not to be confused with , luge , another form of sled racing where the competitor rides on the back and feet-first . Often using the same courses , the racing physics are not identical . Great Britain is the only nation to have won a medal every time skeleton has featured at the Olympic Games , and has won at least one medal in each of the five contests of Women 's skeleton since its introduction with five different athletes ."}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': "The combination track of the Mt . Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run at Lake Placid in 2005 . For the 1980 Winter Olympics , the luge track was located there . Men 's tower start house at the Canada Olympic Park bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track in 2006 . The men 's singles luge event started here during the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary . For the Winter Olympics , there are 14 venues that have been or will be used for luge . Initially separate from bobsleigh , the sports were first combined in 1976 . Luge was combined with bobsleigh finally in 1984 and then with skeleton in 2002 .", 'uid': 'List_of_Olympic_venues_in_luge_0', 'intro': 'For the Winter Olympics, there are 14 venues that have been or will be used for luge. Initially separate from bobsleigh, the sports were first combined in 1976. Luge was combined with bobsleigh finally in 1984 and then with skeleton in 2002.'}
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The luge venue at the IX Olympic Winter Games became the first permanent what ?
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combination artificially refrigerated bobsleigh , luge , and skeleton track
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ffa5f65565f2975c
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association_on_television', 'title': 'National Basketball Association on television', 'header': ['Year', 'Network', 'Game', 'Rating', 'Viewership'], 'data': [{'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 2015-16 season . The tournament ended with the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers defeating the Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors 4 games to 3 after the Warriors led the series 3 games to 1 . In the NBA Finals , LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . The Cavaliers swept their first two series and won the first two games of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Raptors to become the fourth team in NBA history to open a post-season with 10 straight victories . They matched the 2012 San Antonio Spurs , though the 1989 and 2001 Los Angeles Lakers had won their first eleven games en route to sweeping the first three rounds of the playoffs . Cleveland wound up repeating this feat the next year , when they swept the conference opening round , semifinal round , and winning the first 2 conference final games . However , this feat would be surpassed by the 2017 Golden State Warriors , who won 15 straight games ."}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_TNT', 'summary': "NBA on TNT is a branding used for broadcasts of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games , produced by Turner Sports , the sports division of the WarnerMedia News & Sports subsidiary of WarnerMedia and televised on TNT since 1989 . TNT 's NBA coverage includes the Inside the NBA studio show , weekly doubleheaders throughout the regular season on Thursdays , as well as Tuesdays in the second half of the season , a majority of games during the first two rounds of the playoffs , and one conference finals series ."}]}, {'value': 'Oklahoma City Thunder vs Golden State Warriors WCF Game 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16.00M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2012 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2011-12 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . Except for the Los Angeles Clippers and Utah Jazz , the playoffs featured the same teams from 2011 ; all 8 from the East were the same as last year . They also all had records over .500 , the first time since 2005 . The Clippers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , while Utah made it for the 5th time in the last 6 years , it was their first without Jerry Sloan as head coach since 1988 . The Indiana Pacers opened the playoffs at home for the first time since 2004 , while the Memphis Grizzlies earned home-court advantage for the first time in franchise history . For the fourth time since 2006 , a division winner ( in this case the Atlantic Division champion Boston Celtics ) opened the playoffs on the road . The defending champions Dallas Mavericks were swept by the Oklahoma City Thunder 4-0 , becoming the third defending champion to be swept in the First Round after the Philadelphia Warriors in 1957 and Miami Heat in 2007 , and second after Miami to be done so in a 7-game series . It was the first time the Mavericks were swept in a 7-game series , and only their second sweep since 1990 . The New York Knicks lost their 13th straight playoff game in Game 3 against the Heat , breaking Memphis ' record from 2004-06 for the longest playoff losing streak . The 8th-seeded Philadelphia 76ers defeated the 1st-seeded Bulls 4-2 , becoming only the 5th team in NBA history to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'ESPN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_ESPN', 'summary': 'The NBA on ESPN refers to the presentation of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games on the ESPN family of networks . The ESPN cable network first televised NBA games from 1983 to 1984 , and has been airing games currently since the 2002-03 NBA season . ESPN2 began airing a limited schedule of NBA games in 2002 . ESPN on ABC began televising NBA games in 2006 ( ABC Sports aired NBA games under the title of the NBA on ABC from 2002 to 2006 ) . On October 6 , 2014 , ESPN and the NBA renewed their agreement through 2025 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics vs Miami Heat ECF Game 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13.35M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2013 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2012-13 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion San Antonio Spurs 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals . LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . The Miami Heat headed into the playoffs with a franchise-best 66 wins , topping the league in the regular season . Their 2012 Finals opponents , the Oklahoma City Thunder , topped the Western Conference with 60 wins , making it the first time since 2006 that the two teams who faced off in the previous year 's finals topped their respective conferences in the next regular season . However , when the Thunder lost to the Memphis Grizzlies in the Conference Semifinals , home court advantage in the Western Conference Finals went to the San Antonio Spurs , who were two games ahead of the Grizzlies . The New York Knicks entered the playoffs with their best regular-season performance since 1997 , finishing atop the Atlantic Division for the first time since 1994 . The Indiana Pacers won the Central Division for the first time since 2004 , while the Los Angeles Clippers made franchise history by winning their first Pacific Division title and having a 56-win season , tied with the Memphis Grizzlies , whose 56 wins were also a franchise record . The Denver Nuggets earned the West 's third seed and headed into the playoffs with a franchise-record 57 wins . The Brooklyn Nets and Golden State Warriors made their first playoff appearances since 2007 . This also marked the first time that Barclays Center hosted a playoff game . The Houston Rockets made their first playoff appearance since 2009 , while the Milwaukee Bucks appeared for the first time since 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_TNT', 'summary': "NBA on TNT is a branding used for broadcasts of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games , produced by Turner Sports , the sports division of the WarnerMedia News & Sports subsidiary of WarnerMedia and televised on TNT since 1989 . TNT 's NBA coverage includes the Inside the NBA studio show , weekly doubleheaders throughout the regular season on Thursdays , as well as Tuesdays in the second half of the season , a majority of games during the first two rounds of the playoffs , and one conference finals series ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana Pacers vs Miami Heat ECF Game 7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.57M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2011 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2010-11 season . The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeating the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals . Dirk Nowitzki was named NBA Finals MVP . The Chicago Bulls achieved several firsts since 1998 : the East 's best record , a Central Division title , and over 60 victories . They also clinched the NBA 's best record for the first time since 1997 , guaranteeing home-court advantage in every round . They advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time since 1998 , and lost the ECF for the first time since 1990 . The Indiana Pacers appeared in the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , as did the Memphis Grizzlies . The New York Knicks made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , but this was their first playoff appearance as an above-.500 team since 2001 . The Philadelphia 76ers and New Orleans Hornets appeared for the third time in 4 years . The other 11 teams were in the 2010 NBA Playoffs . The Oklahoma City Thunder headed to the playoffs with their first Northwest Division title under this incarnation . This was the final postseason appearance for the New Orleans franchise while known as the Hornets , as the team was renamed the Pelicans before the 2013-14 season ."}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_TNT', 'summary': "NBA on TNT is a branding used for broadcasts of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games , produced by Turner Sports , the sports division of the WarnerMedia News & Sports subsidiary of WarnerMedia and televised on TNT since 1989 . TNT 's NBA coverage includes the Inside the NBA studio show , weekly doubleheaders throughout the regular season on Thursdays , as well as Tuesdays in the second half of the season , a majority of games during the first two rounds of the playoffs , and one conference finals series ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Heat vs Chicago Bulls ECF Game 1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.11M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2012 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2011-12 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . Except for the Los Angeles Clippers and Utah Jazz , the playoffs featured the same teams from 2011 ; all 8 from the East were the same as last year . They also all had records over .500 , the first time since 2005 . The Clippers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , while Utah made it for the 5th time in the last 6 years , it was their first without Jerry Sloan as head coach since 1988 . The Indiana Pacers opened the playoffs at home for the first time since 2004 , while the Memphis Grizzlies earned home-court advantage for the first time in franchise history . For the fourth time since 2006 , a division winner ( in this case the Atlantic Division champion Boston Celtics ) opened the playoffs on the road . The defending champions Dallas Mavericks were swept by the Oklahoma City Thunder 4-0 , becoming the third defending champion to be swept in the First Round after the Philadelphia Warriors in 1957 and Miami Heat in 2007 , and second after Miami to be done so in a 7-game series . It was the first time the Mavericks were swept in a 7-game series , and only their second sweep since 1990 . The New York Knicks lost their 13th straight playoff game in Game 3 against the Heat , breaking Memphis ' record from 2004-06 for the longest playoff losing streak . The 8th-seeded Philadelphia 76ers defeated the 1st-seeded Bulls 4-2 , becoming only the 5th team in NBA history to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'ESPN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_ESPN', 'summary': 'The NBA on ESPN refers to the presentation of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games on the ESPN family of networks . The ESPN cable network first televised NBA games from 1983 to 1984 , and has been airing games currently since the 2002-03 NBA season . ESPN2 began airing a limited schedule of NBA games in 2002 . ESPN on ABC began televising NBA games in 2006 ( ABC Sports aired NBA games under the title of the NBA on ABC from 2002 to 2006 ) . On October 6 , 2014 , ESPN and the NBA renewed their agreement through 2025 .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami Heat vs Boston Celtics ECF Game 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.07M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2012 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2011-12 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . Except for the Los Angeles Clippers and Utah Jazz , the playoffs featured the same teams from 2011 ; all 8 from the East were the same as last year . They also all had records over .500 , the first time since 2005 . The Clippers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , while Utah made it for the 5th time in the last 6 years , it was their first without Jerry Sloan as head coach since 1988 . The Indiana Pacers opened the playoffs at home for the first time since 2004 , while the Memphis Grizzlies earned home-court advantage for the first time in franchise history . For the fourth time since 2006 , a division winner ( in this case the Atlantic Division champion Boston Celtics ) opened the playoffs on the road . The defending champions Dallas Mavericks were swept by the Oklahoma City Thunder 4-0 , becoming the third defending champion to be swept in the First Round after the Philadelphia Warriors in 1957 and Miami Heat in 2007 , and second after Miami to be done so in a 7-game series . It was the first time the Mavericks were swept in a 7-game series , and only their second sweep since 1990 . The New York Knicks lost their 13th straight playoff game in Game 3 against the Heat , breaking Memphis ' record from 2004-06 for the longest playoff losing streak . The 8th-seeded Philadelphia 76ers defeated the 1st-seeded Bulls 4-2 , becoming only the 5th team in NBA history to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'ESPN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_ESPN', 'summary': 'The NBA on ESPN refers to the presentation of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games on the ESPN family of networks . The ESPN cable network first televised NBA games from 1983 to 1984 , and has been airing games currently since the 2002-03 NBA season . ESPN2 began airing a limited schedule of NBA games in 2002 . ESPN on ABC began televising NBA games in 2006 ( ABC Sports aired NBA games under the title of the NBA on ABC from 2002 to 2006 ) . On October 6 , 2014 , ESPN and the NBA renewed their agreement through 2025 .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami Heat vs Boston Celtics ECF Game 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.07M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2011 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2010-11 season . The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeating the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals . Dirk Nowitzki was named NBA Finals MVP . The Chicago Bulls achieved several firsts since 1998 : the East 's best record , a Central Division title , and over 60 victories . They also clinched the NBA 's best record for the first time since 1997 , guaranteeing home-court advantage in every round . They advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time since 1998 , and lost the ECF for the first time since 1990 . The Indiana Pacers appeared in the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , as did the Memphis Grizzlies . The New York Knicks made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , but this was their first playoff appearance as an above-.500 team since 2001 . The Philadelphia 76ers and New Orleans Hornets appeared for the third time in 4 years . The other 11 teams were in the 2010 NBA Playoffs . The Oklahoma City Thunder headed to the playoffs with their first Northwest Division title under this incarnation . This was the final postseason appearance for the New Orleans franchise while known as the Hornets , as the team was renamed the Pelicans before the 2013-14 season ."}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_TNT', 'summary': "NBA on TNT is a branding used for broadcasts of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games , produced by Turner Sports , the sports division of the WarnerMedia News & Sports subsidiary of WarnerMedia and televised on TNT since 1989 . TNT 's NBA coverage includes the Inside the NBA studio show , weekly doubleheaders throughout the regular season on Thursdays , as well as Tuesdays in the second half of the season , a majority of games during the first two rounds of the playoffs , and one conference finals series ."}]}, {'value': 'Chicago Bulls vs Miami Heat ECF Game 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10.89M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2016 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) 's 2015-16 season . The tournament ended with the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Cavaliers defeating the Western Conference champion Golden State Warriors 4 games to 3 after the Warriors led the series 3 games to 1 . In the NBA Finals , LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . The Cavaliers swept their first two series and won the first two games of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Raptors to become the fourth team in NBA history to open a post-season with 10 straight victories . They matched the 2012 San Antonio Spurs , though the 1989 and 2001 Los Angeles Lakers had won their first eleven games en route to sweeping the first three rounds of the playoffs . Cleveland wound up repeating this feat the next year , when they swept the conference opening round , semifinal round , and winning the first 2 conference final games . However , this feat would be surpassed by the 2017 Golden State Warriors , who won 15 straight games ."}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_TNT', 'summary': "NBA on TNT is a branding used for broadcasts of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games , produced by Turner Sports , the sports division of the WarnerMedia News & Sports subsidiary of WarnerMedia and televised on TNT since 1989 . TNT 's NBA coverage includes the Inside the NBA studio show , weekly doubleheaders throughout the regular season on Thursdays , as well as Tuesdays in the second half of the season , a majority of games during the first two rounds of the playoffs , and one conference finals series ."}]}, {'value': 'Golden State Warriors vs Oklahoma City Thunder WCF Game 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10.81M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2011 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2010-11 season . The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Dallas Mavericks defeating the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals . Dirk Nowitzki was named NBA Finals MVP . The Chicago Bulls achieved several firsts since 1998 : the East 's best record , a Central Division title , and over 60 victories . They also clinched the NBA 's best record for the first time since 1997 , guaranteeing home-court advantage in every round . They advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time since 1998 , and lost the ECF for the first time since 1990 . The Indiana Pacers appeared in the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , as did the Memphis Grizzlies . The New York Knicks made the playoffs for the first time since 2004 , but this was their first playoff appearance as an above-.500 team since 2001 . The Philadelphia 76ers and New Orleans Hornets appeared for the third time in 4 years . The other 11 teams were in the 2010 NBA Playoffs . The Oklahoma City Thunder headed to the playoffs with their first Northwest Division title under this incarnation . This was the final postseason appearance for the New Orleans franchise while known as the Hornets , as the team was renamed the Pelicans before the 2013-14 season ."}]}, {'value': 'TNT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_TNT', 'summary': "NBA on TNT is a branding used for broadcasts of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games , produced by Turner Sports , the sports division of the WarnerMedia News & Sports subsidiary of WarnerMedia and televised on TNT since 1989 . TNT 's NBA coverage includes the Inside the NBA studio show , weekly doubleheaders throughout the regular season on Thursdays , as well as Tuesdays in the second half of the season , a majority of games during the first two rounds of the playoffs , and one conference finals series ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Heat vs Chicago Bulls ECF Game 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10.41M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_NBA_Playoffs', 'summary': "The 2012 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association 's 2011-12 season . The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Miami Heat defeating the Western Conference champion Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals . LeBron James was named NBA Finals MVP . Except for the Los Angeles Clippers and Utah Jazz , the playoffs featured the same teams from 2011 ; all 8 from the East were the same as last year . They also all had records over .500 , the first time since 2005 . The Clippers made the playoffs for the first time since 2006 , while Utah made it for the 5th time in the last 6 years , it was their first without Jerry Sloan as head coach since 1988 . The Indiana Pacers opened the playoffs at home for the first time since 2004 , while the Memphis Grizzlies earned home-court advantage for the first time in franchise history . For the fourth time since 2006 , a division winner ( in this case the Atlantic Division champion Boston Celtics ) opened the playoffs on the road . The defending champions Dallas Mavericks were swept by the Oklahoma City Thunder 4-0 , becoming the third defending champion to be swept in the First Round after the Philadelphia Warriors in 1957 and Miami Heat in 2007 , and second after Miami to be done so in a 7-game series . It was the first time the Mavericks were swept in a 7-game series , and only their second sweep since 1990 . The New York Knicks lost their 13th straight playoff game in Game 3 against the Heat , breaking Memphis ' record from 2004-06 for the longest playoff losing streak . The 8th-seeded Philadelphia 76ers defeated the 1st-seeded Bulls 4-2 , becoming only the 5th team in NBA history to do so ."}]}, {'value': 'ESPN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NBA_on_ESPN', 'summary': 'The NBA on ESPN refers to the presentation of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) games on the ESPN family of networks . The ESPN cable network first televised NBA games from 1983 to 1984 , and has been airing games currently since the 2002-03 NBA season . ESPN2 began airing a limited schedule of NBA games in 2002 . ESPN on ABC began televising NBA games in 2006 ( ABC Sports aired NBA games under the title of the NBA on ABC from 2002 to 2006 ) . On October 6 , 2014 , ESPN and the NBA renewed their agreement through 2025 .'}]}, {'value': 'Boston Celtics vs Miami Heat ECF Game 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10.25M', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'NBA playoffs', 'section_text': 'Main article : NBA playoffs Ever since NBC lost the rights , the Conference Finals have been on cable networks almost exclusively with TNT and ESPN alternating coverage each year .', 'uid': 'National_Basketball_Association_Nielsen_ratings_2', 'intro': 'The National Basketball Association is shown on national television on broadcast channel ABC, cable networks ESPN and TNT. The NBA is also shown on multiple regional sports networks. Currently, ESPN shows doubleheaders on Wednesday and Friday nights, while TNT shows doubleheaders on Thursday and Tuesday nights. In the second half of the season, ABC shows a single game on Saturday nights and Sunday afternoons. Games are shown almost every night on NBA TV. There are some exceptions to this schedule, including Tip-off Week, Christmas Day, and Martin Luther King Jr. Day. More games may be shown as the end of the regular season approaches, particularly games with playoff significance. During the playoffs, the first round are split between TNT, ESPN, NBA TV, and ABC on mostly weekends the second round are split between ESPN,TNT and ABC on weekends . The conference finals are split between ESPN and TNT; the two networks alternate which complete series they will carry from year to year. The entire NBA Finals is shown nationally on ABC. The NBA Finals is one of the few sporting events to be shown on a national broadcast network on a weeknight.'}
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Through which two years in the 1980s where NBA games first televised by the cable network that has renewed their agreement with NBA through 2025 and broadcast the game that had a viewership of 10.25M ?
|
1983 to 1984
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ffa663c5f190d94e
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hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'title': 'India at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohinder Singh Gill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohinder_Singh_Gill', 'summary': "Mohinder Singh Gill ( born 12 April 1947 ) is a retired Indian triple jumper who competed at the 1972 Munich Olympics . After placing second in a pre-Olympic meet in Munich , he competed while injured and failed to reach the final . Gill won one gold and one silver medal at the Asian Games . Gill won two of India 's five-ever medals at the Commonwealth Games . There were attempts to remove him from the national team , but Prime Minister Indira Gandhi intervened to allow him to compete . Gill won 52 major international invitational competitions in North America and Europe , setting 19 new records in the process ; in addition , he won 5 NCAA Championships all with new records . Some of those records stood 40 years later . Gill attended California Polytechnic State University ( CPSU ) , competing in triple jump from 1968 to 1971 , winning five NCAA championships and setting five NCAA records . He was elected into the CPSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993 as the only Asian to receive the honor . He currently resides in Turlock in central California . In 1970 , Gill was given India 's highest sports award , the Arjuna Award ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Triple jump', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'At the 1974 British Commonwealth Games , the athletics events were held at the Queen Elizabeth II Park in Christchurch , New Zealand between 25 January and 2 February . Athletes competed in 37 events - 23 for men and 14 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chandra Narayanan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing', 'summary': "Boxing is a combat sport in which two people , usually wearing protective gloves , throw punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring . Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a standard fixture in most international games - it also has its own World Championships . Boxing is overseen by a referee over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds . A winner can be resolved before the completion of the rounds when a referee deems an opponent incapable of continuing , disqualification of an opponent , or resignation of an opponent . When the fight reaches the end of its final round with both opponents still standing , the judges ' scorecards determine the victor . In the event that both fighters gain equal scores from the judges , professional bouts are considered a draw . In Olympic boxing , because a winner must be declared , judges award the contest to one fighter on technical criteria . While humans have fought in hand-to-hand combat since the dawn of human history , the earliest evidence of fist-fighting sporting contests date back to the ancient Near East in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC . The earliest evidence of boxing rules date back to Ancient Greece , where boxing was established as an Olympic game in 688 BC . Boxing evolved from 16th- and 18th-century prizefights , largely in Great Britain , to the forerunner of modern boxing in the mid-19th century with the 1867 introduction of the Marquess of Queensberry Rules ."}]}, {'value': 'Flyweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anil Mondal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anil_Mondal', 'summary': 'Anil Mondal ( born 4 August 1951 ) is an Indian weightlifter . He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting', 'summary': 'Olympic weightlifting , or Olympic-style weightlifting , often simply referred to as weightlifting , is a sport in which the athlete attempts a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates . The two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk . The snatch is a wide-grip , one-move lift . The clean and jerk is a close-grip , two-move lift . Each weightlifter receives three attempts in each , and the combined total of the highest two successful lifts determines the overall result within a bodyweight category . Bodyweight categories are different for male and female competitors . A lifter who fails to complete at least one successful snatch and one successful clean and jerk also fails to total , and therefore receives an incomplete entry for the competition . The clean and press was once a competition lift , but was discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form . In comparison with other strength sports , which test limit strength ( with or without lifting aids ) , weightlifting tests aspects of human ballistic limits ( explosive strength ) ; the lifts are therefore executed faster - and with more mobility and a greater range of motion during their execution - than other strength movements . The lifts performed in the sport of weightlifting , and in particular their component lifts ( e.g . squats , deadlifts , cleans ) , are commonly used by elite athletes in other sports to train for both explosive and functional strength .'}]}, {'value': 'Flyrweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shivaji Chingle', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling', 'summary': 'Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting , throws and takedowns , joint locks , pins and other grappling holds . The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment ( see professional wrestling ) , or genuinely competitive . A wrestling bout is a physical competition , between two ( occasionally more ) competitors or sparring partners , who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position . There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles . Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems . The term wrestling is attested in late Old English , as wræstlunge ( glossing palestram ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Featherweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Satpal Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Satpal_Singh', 'summary': 'Satpal Singh ( born 11 May 1955 ) , also known as Guru Satpal , is a wrestling coach and former wrestler of India . He was a Gold Medalist in 1982 Asian Games and a Bronze medalist in 1974 Asian Games.Today he is better known as the coach of two time Olympic medal winner Sushil Kumar and Priyanshu Negi . He was awarded Padma Bhushan , the third highest civilian award of India , in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling', 'summary': 'Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting , throws and takedowns , joint locks , pins and other grappling holds . The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment ( see professional wrestling ) , or genuinely competitive . A wrestling bout is a physical competition , between two ( occasionally more ) competitors or sparring partners , who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position . There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles . Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems . The term wrestling is attested in late Old English , as wræstlunge ( glossing palestram ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Middleweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netra Pal Singh', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling', 'summary': 'Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting , throws and takedowns , joint locks , pins and other grappling holds . The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment ( see professional wrestling ) , or genuinely competitive . A wrestling bout is a physical competition , between two ( occasionally more ) competitors or sparring partners , who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position . There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles . Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems . The term wrestling is attested in late Old English , as wræstlunge ( glossing palestram ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Light Heavyweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': 'The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dadu Chaugule', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling', 'summary': 'Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting , throws and takedowns , joint locks , pins and other grappling holds . The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment ( see professional wrestling ) , or genuinely competitive . A wrestling bout is a physical competition , between two ( occasionally more ) competitors or sparring partners , who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position . There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles . Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems . The term wrestling is attested in late Old English , as wræstlunge ( glossing palestram ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Heavyweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1970_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': "The 1970 British Commonwealth Games ( Scottish Gaelic : Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis Bhreatainn 1970 ) were held in Edinburgh , Scotland , from 16 July to 25 July 1970 . This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted , the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events , and also the first time the games were held in Scotland . Also , these games saw the first unique Games trademark logo : an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle . They were followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bishwanath Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bishwanath_Singh', 'summary': 'Bishwanath Singh ( died 1999 ) was an Indian heavyweight freestyle wrestler and Indian Army servicemember . In 1966 he won a silver medal at the Asian Games and a bronze at the Commonwealth Games . He also won silver medals at the 1970 and 1974 Commonwealth Games . He should not be confused with fellow wrestlers Bishambar Singh and Bhim Singh who competed in the same period , but in different weight categories . He was born in a village called Dumrahar ( Near Darauli ) in Siwan , Bihar .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling', 'summary': 'Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting , throws and takedowns , joint locks , pins and other grappling holds . The sport can either be theatrical for entertainment ( see professional wrestling ) , or genuinely competitive . A wrestling bout is a physical competition , between two ( occasionally more ) competitors or sparring partners , who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position . There are a wide range of styles with varying rules with both traditional historic and modern styles . Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into other martial arts as well as military hand-to-hand combat systems . The term wrestling is attested in late Old English , as wræstlunge ( glossing palestram ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Super Heavyweight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1970_British_Commonwealth_Games', 'summary': "The 1970 British Commonwealth Games ( Scottish Gaelic : Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis Bhreatainn 1970 ) were held in Edinburgh , Scotland , from 16 July to 25 July 1970 . This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted , the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events , and also the first time the games were held in Scotland . Also , these games saw the first unique Games trademark logo : an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle . They were followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Medalists -- Silver Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'India_at_the_1974_British_Commonwealth_Games_1', 'intro': 'This was the 7th time India participated in the Commonwealth Games India ranked 6th in the medal tally.'}
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What units of measurement were used for the first time in the games where wrestler from Dumrahar won a silver medal ?
|
metric
|
ffa8ddcc8618987f
|
hybridqa
|
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction', 'title': 'List of languages by time of extinction', 'header': ['Date', 'Language', 'Language family', 'Region'], 'data': [{'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elymian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elymian_language', 'summary': 'Elymian is the extinct language of the ancient Elymian people of western Sicily . Its characteristics are little known because of the extremely limited and fragmentary nature of the surviving texts . The origins of Elymian and its relationships with other languages are unclear . It is widely believed to have been part of the Indo-European language family , but even that is uncertain . Within the Indo-European languages , it has been speculated that Elymian was related to either the Italic languages or the Anatolian languages ( such as Hittite ) , although both theories are disputed .'}]}, {'value': 'unclassified', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unclassified_languages', 'summary': "An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established . Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons , mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact , if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language . Some poorly known extinct languages , such as Gutian and Cacán , are simply unclassifiable , and it is unlikely the situation will ever change . A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all , or even a distinct dialect , but merely a family , tribal or village name , or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified . If a language 's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families , as in the case of Basque in Europe , it is considered a language isolate - that is , it is classified as a language family of its own . An 'unclassified ' language therefore is one which may still turn out to belong to an established family once better data is available or more thorough comparative research is done . Extinct unclassified languages for which little evidence has been preserved are likely to remain in limbo indefinitely , unless lost documents or a surviving speaking population are discovered ."}]}, {'value': 'western Sicily', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sicily', 'summary': 'Sicily ( Italian : Sicilia [ siˈtʃiːlja ] ; Sicilian : Sicilia [ sɪˈʃiːlja ] ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana . Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea , south of the Italian Peninsula , from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina . Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna , the tallest active volcano in Europe , and one of the most active in the world , currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high . The island has a typical Mediterranean climate . The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC . By around 750 BC , Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars . After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD , Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals , the Ostrogoths , the Byzantine Empire , and the Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily , which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen , the Capetian House of Anjou , Spain , and the House of Habsburg . It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand , a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification , and a plebiscite . Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946 , 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946 .'}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lycian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lycian_language', 'summary': 'The Lycian language ( 𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊍𐊆 Trm̃mili ) was the language of the ancient Lycians who occupied the Anatolian region known during the Iron Age as Lycia . It is long extinct , having been replaced by the Ancient Greek language during the Hellenization of Anatolia .'}]}, {'value': 'Anatolian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolian_languages', 'summary': 'The Anatolian languages are an extinct family of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Asia Minor ( ancient Anatolia ) , the best attested of them being the Hittite language . Undiscovered until the late 19th and 20th centuries , they are considered the earliest group of languages to branch off from the Indo-European family . Once discovered , the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics . While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age , hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by Assyria , and the alphabetic Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early first millennium AD , eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Asia Minor .'}]}, {'value': 'southwestern Anatolia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolia', 'summary': "Anatolia ( from Greek : Ἀνατολή , Anatolḗ , east or [ sun ] rise ; Turkish : Anadolu ) , also known as Asia Minor ( Medieval and Modern Greek : Μικρά Ἀσία , Mikrá Asía , small Asia ; Turkish : Küçük Asya ) , Asian Turkey , the Anatolian peninsula or the Anatolian plateau , is a large peninsula in West Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent . It makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey . The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , the Armenian Highlands to the east and the Aegean Sea to the west . The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Europe . The eastern border of Anatolia is traditionally held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea , bounded by the Armenian Highland to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast . Thus , traditionally Anatolia is the territory that comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey . Today , Anatolia is also often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey , which comprises almost the entire country ; its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be Turkey 's eastern border . By some definitions , the Armenian Highlands lies beyond the boundary of the Anatolian plateau . The official name of this inland region is the Eastern Anatolia Region . The ancient inhabitants of Anatolia spoke the now-extinct Anatolian languages , which were largely replaced by the Greek language starting from classical antiquity and during the Hellenistic , Roman and Byzantine periods . Major Anatolian languages included Hittite , Luwian , and Lydian , among other more poorly attested relatives . The Turkification of Anatolia began under the Seljuk Empire in the late 11th century and continued under the Ottoman Empire between the late 13th and early 20th centuries ."}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lydian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lydian_language', 'summary': 'Lydian ( 𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣𐤸𐤯𐤦𐤳 Śfardẽtis [ language ] of Sardis ) is an extinct Indo-European Anatolian language spoken in the region of Lydia , in western Anatolia ( now in Turkey ) . The language is attested in graffiti and in coin legends from the late 8th century or the early 7th century to the 3rd century BC , but well-preserved inscriptions of significant length are so far limited to the 5th century and the 4th century BC , during the period of Persian domination . Thus , Lydian texts are effectively contemporaneous with those in Lycian . Extant Lydian texts now number slightly over 100 , all but a few having been found in or near Sardis , the Lydian capital , but fewer than 30 of the inscriptions consist of more than a few words or are reasonably complete . Most of the inscriptions are on stone and are sepulchral in content , but several are decrees of one sort or another , and some half-dozen texts seem to be in verse , with a stress-based meter and vowel assonance at the end of the line . Tomb inscriptions include many epitaphs , which typically begin with the words 𐤤𐤮 𐤥𐤠𐤫𐤠𐤮 eś wãnaś ( this grave ) , as well as short graffiti . Strabo mentions that around his time ( 1st century BC ) , the Lydian language was no longer spoken in Lydia proper but was still being spoken among the multicultural population of Kibyra ( now Gölhisar ) in southwestern Anatolia , by the descendants of the Lydian colonists , who had founded the city .'}]}, {'value': 'Anatolian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolian_languages', 'summary': 'The Anatolian languages are an extinct family of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Asia Minor ( ancient Anatolia ) , the best attested of them being the Hittite language . Undiscovered until the late 19th and 20th centuries , they are considered the earliest group of languages to branch off from the Indo-European family . Once discovered , the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics . While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age , hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by Assyria , and the alphabetic Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early first millennium AD , eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Asia Minor .'}]}, {'value': 'western Anatolia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolia', 'summary': "Anatolia ( from Greek : Ἀνατολή , Anatolḗ , east or [ sun ] rise ; Turkish : Anadolu ) , also known as Asia Minor ( Medieval and Modern Greek : Μικρά Ἀσία , Mikrá Asía , small Asia ; Turkish : Küçük Asya ) , Asian Turkey , the Anatolian peninsula or the Anatolian plateau , is a large peninsula in West Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent . It makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey . The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , the Armenian Highlands to the east and the Aegean Sea to the west . The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Europe . The eastern border of Anatolia is traditionally held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea , bounded by the Armenian Highland to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast . Thus , traditionally Anatolia is the territory that comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey . Today , Anatolia is also often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey , which comprises almost the entire country ; its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be Turkey 's eastern border . By some definitions , the Armenian Highlands lies beyond the boundary of the Anatolian plateau . The official name of this inland region is the Eastern Anatolia Region . The ancient inhabitants of Anatolia spoke the now-extinct Anatolian languages , which were largely replaced by the Greek language starting from classical antiquity and during the Hellenistic , Roman and Byzantine periods . Major Anatolian languages included Hittite , Luwian , and Lydian , among other more poorly attested relatives . The Turkification of Anatolia began under the Seljuk Empire in the late 11th century and continued under the Ottoman Empire between the late 13th and early 20th centuries ."}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Messapian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messapian_language', 'summary': 'Messapian ( /mɛˈsæpiən , mə- , -ˈseɪ-/ ; also known as Messapic ) is an extinct Indo-European language of southeastern Italy , once spoken in the region of Apulia . It was spoken by the three Iapygian tribes of the region : the Messapians , the Peucetians and the Daunians . The language became extinct following the Roman conquest of the region , which began during the late 4th century BC . It has been preserved in about 300 inscriptions written in the Greek alphabet and dating from the 6th to the 1st century BC .'}]}, {'value': 'Indo-European', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indo-European_languages', 'summary': "The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects in Asia and Europe . There are about 445 living Indo-European languages , according to the estimate by Ethnologue , with over two thirds ( 313 ) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch . The Indo-European languages with the greatest numbers of native speakers are Spanish , English , Hindustani ( Hindi/Urdu ) , Portuguese , Bengali , Punjabi , and Russian , each with over 100 million speakers , with German , French , Marathi , Italian , and Persian also having more than 50 million . Today , 46% of the world 's population ( 3.2 billion ) speaks an Indo-European language as a first language , by far the highest of any language family . The Indo-European family includes most of the modern languages of Europe . The language family is also represented in Asia with the exception of East and Southeast Asia . It was prominent ( alongside non-Indo-European languages ) in ancient Anatolia ( present-day Turkey ) , the ancient Tarim Basin ( present-day Northwest China ) and most of Central Asia until the medieval Turkic and Mongol invasions . Outside Eurasia , Indo-European languages are dominant in the Americas and much of Oceania and Africa , having reached there through colonialism during the Age of Discovery and later periods . Indo-European languages are also most commonly present as minority languages or second languages in countries where other families are dominant . With written evidence appearing from the Bronze Age in the form of Mycenaean Greek and the Anatolian languages Hittite and Luwian , the Indo-European family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the second-longest recorded history , after the Afroasiatic family in the form of the Egyptian language and the Semitic languages of the Near East . In addition , certain extinct language isolates of the Near East and Anatolia , such as Sumerian , Elamite , Hurrian , Hattian , Gutian , and Kassite are also recorded earlier than any Indo-European tongue . All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language , reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European , spoken sometime in the Neolithic era ."}]}, {'value': 'Apulia , Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apulia', 'summary': 'Apulia ( /əˈpuːliə/ ə-POO-lee-ə ; Italian : Puglia [ ˈpuʎːa ] ; Neapolitan : Pùglia [ ˈpuʝːə ] ; [ a ] Albanian : Pulia ; Ancient Greek : Ἀπουλία , romanized : Apoulía ) is a region of Italy , located in the southern peninsular section of the country , bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east , the Ionian Sea to the southeast , and the Strait of Otranto and Gulf of Taranto to the south . The region comprises 19,345 square kilometers ( 7,469 sq mi ) , and its population is about four million . It is bordered by the other Italian regions of Molise to the north , Campania to the west , and Basilicata to the southwest . Its capital city is Bari .'}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mysian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mysian_language', 'summary': "The Mysian language was spoken by Mysians inhabiting Mysia in north-west Anatolia . Little is known about the Mysian language . Strabo noted that their language was , in a way , a mixture of the Lydian and Phrygian languages . As such , the Mysian language could be a language of the Anatolian group . However , a passage in Athenaeus suggests that the Mysian language was akin to the barely attested Paeonian language of Paeonia , north of Macedon . A short inscription that could be in Mysian and which dates from between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC was found in Üyücek village in the Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province , and seems to include Indo-European words . However , it is uncertain whether the inscription renders a text in the Mysian language or if it is simply a Phrygian dialect from the region of Mysia . [ citation needed ] Friedrich 's reading :"}]}, {'value': 'Anatolian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolian_languages', 'summary': 'The Anatolian languages are an extinct family of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Asia Minor ( ancient Anatolia ) , the best attested of them being the Hittite language . Undiscovered until the late 19th and 20th centuries , they are considered the earliest group of languages to branch off from the Indo-European family . Once discovered , the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics . While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age , hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by Assyria , and the alphabetic Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early first millennium AD , eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Asia Minor .'}]}, {'value': 'northwestern Anatolia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolia', 'summary': "Anatolia ( from Greek : Ἀνατολή , Anatolḗ , east or [ sun ] rise ; Turkish : Anadolu ) , also known as Asia Minor ( Medieval and Modern Greek : Μικρά Ἀσία , Mikrá Asía , small Asia ; Turkish : Küçük Asya ) , Asian Turkey , the Anatolian peninsula or the Anatolian plateau , is a large peninsula in West Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent . It makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey . The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , the Armenian Highlands to the east and the Aegean Sea to the west . The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Europe . The eastern border of Anatolia is traditionally held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea , bounded by the Armenian Highland to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast . Thus , traditionally Anatolia is the territory that comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey . Today , Anatolia is also often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey , which comprises almost the entire country ; its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be Turkey 's eastern border . By some definitions , the Armenian Highlands lies beyond the boundary of the Anatolian plateau . The official name of this inland region is the Eastern Anatolia Region . The ancient inhabitants of Anatolia spoke the now-extinct Anatolian languages , which were largely replaced by the Greek language starting from classical antiquity and during the Hellenistic , Roman and Byzantine periods . Major Anatolian languages included Hittite , Luwian , and Lydian , among other more poorly attested relatives . The Turkification of Anatolia began under the Seljuk Empire in the late 11th century and continued under the Ottoman Empire between the late 13th and early 20th centuries ."}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oscan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oscan_language', 'summary': 'Oscan is an extinct Indo-European language of southern Italy . The language is also the namesake of the language group to which it belonged . As a member of the Italic languages , Oscan is therefore a sister language to Latin and Umbrian . Oscan was spoken by a number of tribes , including the Samnites , the Aurunci ( Ausones ) , and the Sidicini . The latter two tribes were often grouped under the name Osci . The Oscan group is part of the Osco-Umbrian or Sabellic family , and includes the Oscan language and three variants ( Hernican , Marrucinian and Paelignian ) known only from inscriptions left by the Hernici , Marrucini and Paeligni , minor tribes of eastern central Italy . The language was spoken from approximately 500 BCE to CE 100 .'}]}, {'value': 'Italic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italic_languages', 'summary': 'The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family , whose earliest known members were spoken in the Italian peninsula in the first millennium BC . The most important of the ancient languages was Latin , the official language of the Roman Empire , which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era . The other Italic languages became extinct in the first centuries CE as their speakers were assimilated into the Roman Empire and shifted to some form of Latin . Between the third and eighth centuries CE , Vulgar Latin ( perhaps influenced by language-shift from the other Italic languages ) diversified into the Romance languages , which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today . Besides Latin , the known ancient Italic languages are Faliscan ( the closest to Latin ) , Umbrian and Oscan ( or Osco-Umbrian ) , and South Picene . Other Indo-European languages once spoken in the peninsula , whose inclusion in the Italic branch is disputed , are Aequian , Vestinian , Venetic and Sicel . These long-extinct languages are known only from inscriptions in archaeological finds . In the first millennium BC , several ( other ) non-Italic languages were spoken in the peninsula , including members of other branches of Indo-European ( such as Celtic and Greek ) as well as at least one non-Indo-European one , Etruscan . It is generally believed that those 1st millennium Italic languages descend from Indo-European languages brought by migrants to the peninsula sometime in the 2nd millennium BC . [ citation needed ] However , the source of those migrations and the history of the languages in the peninsula are still the matter of debate among historians . In particular , it is debated whether the ancient Italic languages all descended from a single Proto-Italic language after its arrival in the region , or whether the migrants brought two or more Indo-European languages that were only distantly related . With over 800 million native speakers , the Romance languages make Italic the second-most-widely spoken branch of the Indo-European family , after Indo-Iranian .'}]}, {'value': 'southern Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabine_language', 'summary': 'The Sabines ( /ˈseɪbaɪnz/ ; Latin : Sabini ; Ancient Greek : Σαβῖνοι Sabĩnoi ; Italian : Sabini , all exonyms ) were an Italic people that lived in the central Apennine Mountains of ancient Italy , also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome . The Sabines divided into two populations just after the founding of Rome , which is described by Roman legend . The division , however it came about , is not legendary . The population closer to Rome transplanted itself to the new city and united with the preexisting citizenry , beginning a new heritage that descended from the Sabines but was also Latinized . The second population remained a mountain tribal state , coming finally to war against Rome for its independence along with all the other Italic tribes . After losing , it became assimilated into the Roman Republic .'}]}, {'value': 'Italic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italic_languages', 'summary': 'The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family , whose earliest known members were spoken in the Italian peninsula in the first millennium BC . The most important of the ancient languages was Latin , the official language of the Roman Empire , which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era . The other Italic languages became extinct in the first centuries CE as their speakers were assimilated into the Roman Empire and shifted to some form of Latin . Between the third and eighth centuries CE , Vulgar Latin ( perhaps influenced by language-shift from the other Italic languages ) diversified into the Romance languages , which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today . Besides Latin , the known ancient Italic languages are Faliscan ( the closest to Latin ) , Umbrian and Oscan ( or Osco-Umbrian ) , and South Picene . Other Indo-European languages once spoken in the peninsula , whose inclusion in the Italic branch is disputed , are Aequian , Vestinian , Venetic and Sicel . These long-extinct languages are known only from inscriptions in archaeological finds . In the first millennium BC , several ( other ) non-Italic languages were spoken in the peninsula , including members of other branches of Indo-European ( such as Celtic and Greek ) as well as at least one non-Indo-European one , Etruscan . It is generally believed that those 1st millennium Italic languages descend from Indo-European languages brought by migrants to the peninsula sometime in the 2nd millennium BC . [ citation needed ] However , the source of those migrations and the history of the languages in the peninsula are still the matter of debate among historians . In particular , it is debated whether the ancient Italic languages all descended from a single Proto-Italic language after its arrival in the region , or whether the migrants brought two or more Indo-European languages that were only distantly related . With over 800 million native speakers , the Romance languages make Italic the second-most-widely spoken branch of the Indo-European family , after Indo-Iranian .'}]}, {'value': 'central Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sicanian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sicanian_language', 'summary': 'The Sicani ( Greek Σικανοί Sikanoi ) or Sicanians were one of three ancient peoples of Sicily present at the time of Phoenician and Greek colonization . The Sicani dwelt east of the Elymians and west of the Sicels , having , according to Diodorus Siculus , the boundary with the last in the ancient Himera river ( Salso ) after a series of battles between these tribes .'}]}, {'value': 'unclassified', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unclassified_languages', 'summary': "An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established . Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons , mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact , if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language . Some poorly known extinct languages , such as Gutian and Cacán , are simply unclassifiable , and it is unlikely the situation will ever change . A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all , or even a distinct dialect , but merely a family , tribal or village name , or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified . If a language 's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families , as in the case of Basque in Europe , it is considered a language isolate - that is , it is classified as a language family of its own . An 'unclassified ' language therefore is one which may still turn out to belong to an established family once better data is available or more thorough comparative research is done . Extinct unclassified languages for which little evidence has been preserved are likely to remain in limbo indefinitely , unless lost documents or a surviving speaking population are discovered ."}]}, {'value': 'central Sicily', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sicily', 'summary': 'Sicily ( Italian : Sicilia [ siˈtʃiːlja ] ; Sicilian : Sicilia [ sɪˈʃiːlja ] ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana . Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea , south of the Italian Peninsula , from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina . Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna , the tallest active volcano in Europe , and one of the most active in the world , currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high . The island has a typical Mediterranean climate . The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC . By around 750 BC , Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars . After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD , Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals , the Ostrogoths , the Byzantine Empire , and the Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily , which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen , the Capetian House of Anjou , Spain , and the House of Habsburg . It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand , a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification , and a plebiscite . Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946 , 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946 .'}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sicel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sicel_language', 'summary': 'The Sicels ( /ˈsɪkəlz , ˈsɪs-/ ; Latin : Siculi ; Ancient Greek : Σικελοί Sikeloi ) were an Italic tribe who inhabited eastern Sicily during the Iron Age . Their neighbours to the west were the Sicani . The Sicels gave Sicily the name it has held since antiquity , but they rapidly fused into the culture of Magna Graecia .'}]}, {'value': 'Indo-European', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indo-European_languages', 'summary': "The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects in Asia and Europe . There are about 445 living Indo-European languages , according to the estimate by Ethnologue , with over two thirds ( 313 ) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch . The Indo-European languages with the greatest numbers of native speakers are Spanish , English , Hindustani ( Hindi/Urdu ) , Portuguese , Bengali , Punjabi , and Russian , each with over 100 million speakers , with German , French , Marathi , Italian , and Persian also having more than 50 million . Today , 46% of the world 's population ( 3.2 billion ) speaks an Indo-European language as a first language , by far the highest of any language family . The Indo-European family includes most of the modern languages of Europe . The language family is also represented in Asia with the exception of East and Southeast Asia . It was prominent ( alongside non-Indo-European languages ) in ancient Anatolia ( present-day Turkey ) , the ancient Tarim Basin ( present-day Northwest China ) and most of Central Asia until the medieval Turkic and Mongol invasions . Outside Eurasia , Indo-European languages are dominant in the Americas and much of Oceania and Africa , having reached there through colonialism during the Age of Discovery and later periods . Indo-European languages are also most commonly present as minority languages or second languages in countries where other families are dominant . With written evidence appearing from the Bronze Age in the form of Mycenaean Greek and the Anatolian languages Hittite and Luwian , the Indo-European family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the second-longest recorded history , after the Afroasiatic family in the form of the Egyptian language and the Semitic languages of the Near East . In addition , certain extinct language isolates of the Near East and Anatolia , such as Sumerian , Elamite , Hurrian , Hattian , Gutian , and Kassite are also recorded earlier than any Indo-European tongue . All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language , reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European , spoken sometime in the Neolithic era ."}]}, {'value': 'eastern Sicily', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sicily', 'summary': 'Sicily ( Italian : Sicilia [ siˈtʃiːlja ] ; Sicilian : Sicilia [ sɪˈʃiːlja ] ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana . Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea , south of the Italian Peninsula , from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina . Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna , the tallest active volcano in Europe , and one of the most active in the world , currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high . The island has a typical Mediterranean climate . The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC . By around 750 BC , Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars . After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD , Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals , the Ostrogoths , the Byzantine Empire , and the Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily , which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen , the Capetian House of Anjou , Spain , and the House of Habsburg . It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand , a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification , and a plebiscite . Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946 , 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946 .'}]}, {'value': '1st century BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Umbrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Umbrian_language', 'summary': 'Umbrian is an extinct Italic language formerly spoken by the Umbri in the ancient Italian region of Umbria . Within the Italic languages it is closely related to the Oscan group and is therefore associated with it in the group of Osco-Umbrian languages . Since that classification was first formulated a number of other languages in ancient Italy were discovered to be more closely related to Umbrian . Therefore , a group , the Umbrian languages , was devised to contain them .'}]}, {'value': 'Italic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italic_languages', 'summary': 'The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family , whose earliest known members were spoken in the Italian peninsula in the first millennium BC . The most important of the ancient languages was Latin , the official language of the Roman Empire , which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era . The other Italic languages became extinct in the first centuries CE as their speakers were assimilated into the Roman Empire and shifted to some form of Latin . Between the third and eighth centuries CE , Vulgar Latin ( perhaps influenced by language-shift from the other Italic languages ) diversified into the Romance languages , which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today . Besides Latin , the known ancient Italic languages are Faliscan ( the closest to Latin ) , Umbrian and Oscan ( or Osco-Umbrian ) , and South Picene . Other Indo-European languages once spoken in the peninsula , whose inclusion in the Italic branch is disputed , are Aequian , Vestinian , Venetic and Sicel . These long-extinct languages are known only from inscriptions in archaeological finds . In the first millennium BC , several ( other ) non-Italic languages were spoken in the peninsula , including members of other branches of Indo-European ( such as Celtic and Greek ) as well as at least one non-Indo-European one , Etruscan . It is generally believed that those 1st millennium Italic languages descend from Indo-European languages brought by migrants to the peninsula sometime in the 2nd millennium BC . [ citation needed ] However , the source of those migrations and the history of the languages in the peninsula are still the matter of debate among historians . In particular , it is debated whether the ancient Italic languages all descended from a single Proto-Italic language after its arrival in the region , or whether the migrants brought two or more Indo-European languages that were only distantly related . With over 800 million native speakers , the Romance languages make Italic the second-most-widely spoken branch of the Indo-European family , after Indo-Iranian .'}]}, {'value': 'central Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'early 1st millennium BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eteocretan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eteocretan_language', 'summary': "Eteocretan ( /ˌiːtioʊˈkriːtən , ˌɛt-/ from Greek : Ἐτεόκρητες , translit . Eteókrētes , lit . true Cretans , itself composed from ἐτεός eteós true and Κρής Krḗs Cretan ) is the non-Greek language of a few alphabetic inscriptions of ancient Crete . In eastern Crete about half a dozen inscriptions have been found which , though written in Greek alphabets , are clearly not Greek . These inscriptions date from the late 7th or early 6th century down to the 3rd century BC . The language , which is not understood , is probably a survival of a language spoken on Crete before the arrival of Greeks and is probably derived from the Minoan language preserved in the Linear A inscriptions of a millennium earlier . Since that language remains untranslated , it is not certain that Eteocretan and Minoan are related , although this is very likely . Ancient testimony suggests that the language is that of the Eteocretans , i.e . true Cretans . The term Eteocretan is sometimes applied to the Minoan language ( or languages ) written more than a millennium earlier in so-called Cretan 'hieroglyphics ' ( almost certainly a syllabary ) and in the Linear A script . Yves Duhoux , a leading authority on Eteocretan , has stated that it is essential to rigorously separate the study of Eteocretan from that of the 'hieroglyphic ' and Linear A inscriptions ."}]}, {'value': 'isolate / unclassified', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Language_isolate', 'summary': 'A language isolate , in the absolute sense , is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical ( or genetic ) relationship with other languages , one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language . Language isolates are in effect language families consisting of a single language . Commonly cited examples include Ainu , Basque , Sumerian , Elamite , and Vedda , though in each case a minority of linguists claim to have demonstrated a relationship with other languages . Some sources use the term language isolate to indicate a branch of a larger family with only one surviving member . For instance , Albanian , Armenian and Greek are commonly called Indo-European isolates . While part of the Indo-European family , they do not belong to any established branch ( such as the Romance , Indo-Iranian , Celtic , Slavic or Germanic branches ) , but instead form independent branches . Similarly , within the Romance languages , Sardinian is a relative isolate . However , without a qualifier , isolate is understood to mean having no demonstrable genetic relationship to any other known language . Some languages once seen as isolates may be reclassified as small families . This happened with Japanese ( now included in the Japonic family along with Ryukyuan languages such as Okinawan ) and Korean in Koreanic languages with Jeju language . The Etruscan language of Italy has long been considered an isolate , but some have proposed that it is related to the so-called Tyrsenian languages , an extinct family of closely related ancient languages proposed by Helmut Rix in 1998 , including the Rhaetian language , formerly spoken in the central Alps , and the Lemnian language , formerly spoken on the Greek island of Lemnos . Language isolates may be seen as a special case of unclassified languages that remain unclassified even after extensive efforts .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Unclassified_language', 'summary': "An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established . Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons , mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact , if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language . Some poorly known extinct languages , such as Gutian and Cacán , are simply unclassifiable , and it is unlikely the situation will ever change . A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all , or even a distinct dialect , but merely a family , tribal or village name , or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified . If a language 's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families , as in the case of Basque in Europe , it is considered a language isolate - that is , it is classified as a language family of its own . An 'unclassified ' language therefore is one which may still turn out to belong to an established family once better data is available or more thorough comparative research is done . Extinct unclassified languages for which little evidence has been preserved are likely to remain in limbo indefinitely , unless lost documents or a surviving speaking population are discovered ."}]}, {'value': 'Crete , Greece', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crete', 'summary': "Crete ( Greek : Κρήτη , Kríti [ 'kriti ] ; Ancient Greek : Κρήτη , Krḗtē ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands , the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea , after Sicily , Sardinia , Cyprus , and Corsica . It bounds the southern border of the Aegean sea . Crete lies approximately 160 km ( 99 mi ) south of the Greek mainland . It has an area of 8,336 km2 ( 3,219 sq mi ) and a coastline of 1,046 km ( 650 mi ) . Crete and a number of surrounding islands and islets constitute the region of Crete ( Greek : Περιφέρεια Κρήτης ) , the southernmost of the 13 top-level administrative units of Greece ; the region is the fifth most populous region of Greece . Its capital and largest city is Heraklion , located on the northern shore of the island . As of 2011 [ update ] , the region had a population of 623,065 . The Dodecanese are located to the northeast of Crete , while the Cyclades are situated to the north , separated by the Sea of Crete . The Peloponnese is to the region 's northwest . Humans have inhabited the island since at least 130,000 years ago , during the Paleolithic age . Crete was the centre of Europe 's first advanced civilization , the Minoans , from 2700 to 1420 BC ; the Minoan civilization was overrun by the Mycenaean civilization from mainland Greece . Later , Crete fell under Roman rule , and afterwards the Byzantine Empire , Andalusian Arabs , the Venetian Republic , and the Ottoman Empire successively ruled Crete ."}]}, {'value': '1st millennium BCE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Milyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Milyan_language', 'summary': 'Milyan , also known as Lycian B and previously Lycian 2 , is an ancient Anatolian language formerly regarded as a variety of Lycian , but now accorded status as a separate language . It is attested from two inscriptions , one of 45 syllables on the Xanthus Stele , and the other , shorter , from a sarcophagus at Antiphellus . The Xanthus inscription is in verse , with strophes marked off by the use of ⟨ ) ⟩ . In 1999 the Dutch scholar Alric van den Broek wrote an MA thesis at the Leiden University on the probable metric features of the Lycian B text of the Xanthos stele . Using Ivo Hajnals definitions of Lycian B syllables , he indicated that there is a significantly high number of word boundaries around the 11th , 22nd and 33rd syllable before ( on the left side of ) the phrase ending sign < ) > . Therefore , he argued , the text must have been a poem with four lines per phrase - the first one being either 7 ( +/-1 ) or 11 ( +/-1 ) syllables long and the last three lines counting 11 ( +/-1 ) syllables . Moreover , the metrical foot may have counted four syllables , with accents on syllables one , five and nine of each verse . His model also seemed to fit the few things we know of Lycian , Anatolian and Proto-Indo-European accent .'}]}, {'value': 'Anatolian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolian_languages', 'summary': 'The Anatolian languages are an extinct family of Indo-European languages that were spoken in Asia Minor ( ancient Anatolia ) , the best attested of them being the Hittite language . Undiscovered until the late 19th and 20th centuries , they are considered the earliest group of languages to branch off from the Indo-European family . Once discovered , the presence of laryngeal consonants ḫ and ḫḫ in Hittite and Luwian provided support for the laryngeal theory of Proto-Indo-European linguistics . While Hittite attestation ends after the Bronze Age , hieroglyphic Luwian survived until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdoms by Assyria , and the alphabetic Anatolian languages are fragmentarily attested until the early first millennium AD , eventually succumbing to the Hellenization of Asia Minor .'}]}, {'value': 'Anatolia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anatolia', 'summary': "Anatolia ( from Greek : Ἀνατολή , Anatolḗ , east or [ sun ] rise ; Turkish : Anadolu ) , also known as Asia Minor ( Medieval and Modern Greek : Μικρά Ἀσία , Mikrá Asía , small Asia ; Turkish : Küçük Asya ) , Asian Turkey , the Anatolian peninsula or the Anatolian plateau , is a large peninsula in West Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent . It makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey . The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the south , the Armenian Highlands to the east and the Aegean Sea to the west . The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Europe . The eastern border of Anatolia is traditionally held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea , bounded by the Armenian Highland to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast . Thus , traditionally Anatolia is the territory that comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey . Today , Anatolia is also often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey , which comprises almost the entire country ; its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be Turkey 's eastern border . By some definitions , the Armenian Highlands lies beyond the boundary of the Anatolian plateau . The official name of this inland region is the Eastern Anatolia Region . The ancient inhabitants of Anatolia spoke the now-extinct Anatolian languages , which were largely replaced by the Greek language starting from classical antiquity and during the Hellenistic , Roman and Byzantine periods . Major Anatolian languages included Hittite , Luwian , and Lydian , among other more poorly attested relatives . The Turkification of Anatolia began under the Seljuk Empire in the late 11th century and continued under the Ottoman Empire between the late 13th and early 20th centuries ."}]}], 'section_title': 'List -- 1st century BCE', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction_19', 'intro': 'This is a list of extinct languages sorted by their time of extinction. A language is determined to be an extinct when its last native or fluent speaker dies. When the exact time of death of the last remaining speaker is not known, either an approximate time or the date when the language was last being recorded is given.'}
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The extinct language from a 7,469 square-mile area in the southern peninsular section of Italy was once spoken by which three tribes ?
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the Messapians , the Peucetians and the Daunians
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ffa9287584694876
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judd_Trump', 'title': 'Judd Trump', 'header': ['Outcome', 'No', 'Year', 'Championship', 'Opponent in the final', 'Score'], 'data': [{'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': "The 2009 Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 11-18 January 2009 at the Wembley Arena in London , England . The last 16 match between Stephen Maguire and Neil Robertson featured 5 consecutive century breaks between the two players- 3 from Maguire and 2 from Robertson . This is a joint record for a professional match and a standalone record for a best-of-11 frame match . Ronnie O'Sullivan won his 4th Masters title by beating defending champion Mark Selby 10-8 in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Masters Qualifying Event', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masters_Qualifying_Event', 'summary': 'The Masters Qualifying Event was a professional snooker tournament , which ran from 1990 to 2009 . Each season , the winner of the event was awarded a wild-card to play at the Masters .'}]}, {'value': 'Mark Joyce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Joyce', 'summary': "Mark Joyce ( born 11 August 1983 in Walsall , West Midlands ) is an English professional snooker player who lives in Walsall . He began his professional career by playing Challenge Tour in 2003 . Joyce enjoyed an outstanding amateur career , winning the European Under-19 Championship in 2001 , the English Open in 2005 and the English Amateur Championship in 2006 , beating Martin O'Donnell 8-3 in the final . Joyce also finished fifth on the 2005/06 Pontin 's International Open Series , winning the second of eight events , to book a place on Main Tour ."}]}, {'value': '6-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009_Championship_League', 'summary': 'The 2009 Championship League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 5 January to 26 March 2009 at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , England . Judd Trump won in the final 3-2 against Mark Selby , and earned a place in the 2009 Premier League Snooker .'}]}, {'value': 'Championship League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Championship_League', 'summary': 'Championship League is a non-ranking snooker tournament , devised by Matchroom Sport . The tournament was originally held at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , Essex , from its debut in 2008 until 2016 . From 2017 , it has been held at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry . Martin Gould is the reigning champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Mark Selby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Selby', 'summary': "Mark Anthony Selby ( born 19 June 1983 ) is an English professional snooker player . He has been World Snooker Champion three times and was number one in the world rankings for over four years continuously . He has won 17 ranking titles , which puts him in seventh place by ranking tournament wins in history . Selby joined the main professional snooker tour in 1999 at the age of 16 , after competing on the UK Challenge Tour in 1998 . [ citation needed ] He was runner-up to John Higgins at the 2007 World Snooker Championship . Having won three Masters titles ( 2008 , 2010 , and 2013 ) , two UK Championships ( 2012 and 2016 ) , and three World Championships ( 2014 , 2016 , and 2017 ) , he was the sixth player to win all of snooker 's Triple Crown events at least twice . His other ranking titles include the Welsh Open in 2008 , the Shanghai Masters in 2011 , the German Masters in 2015 , the China Open in 2015 , 2017 , and 2018 , the Paul Hunter Classic in 2016 , the International Championship in 2016 and 2017 , the China Championship in 2018 , the English Open in 2019 , and the Scottish Open also in 2019 . Known as a patient , tough competitor with strong safety play , Selby is also a prolific break-builder and has compiled over 600 century breaks in his professional career . His nickname , The Jester from Leicester , was given to him by snooker compere Richard Beare . Selby is also a pool player . He was the 2006 WEPF eight-ball pool world champion and was the 2015 Chinese Pool World Championship runner-up ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Championship_League', 'summary': 'The 2012 Championship League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 9 January to 22 March 2012 at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , England . Matthew Stevens was the defending champion , but he was eliminated in group four . Ding Junhui won in the final 3-1 against Judd Trump and earned a place in the 2012 Premier League Snooker .'}]}, {'value': 'Championship League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Championship_League', 'summary': 'Championship League is a non-ranking snooker tournament , devised by Matchroom Sport . The tournament was originally held at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , Essex , from its debut in 2008 until 2016 . From 2017 , it has been held at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry . Martin Gould is the reigning champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Ding Junhui', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ding_Junhui', 'summary': "Ding Junhui ( Chinese : 丁俊晖 ; born 1 April 1987 ) is a Chinese professional snooker player who has been considered the most successful Asian player in the history of the sport . Throughout his career , he has won 14 major ranking titles , including three UK Championships in 2005 , 2009 , and 2019 ; two Shanghai Masters titles in 2013 and 2016 ; and one German Masters title in 2014 . He has also twice reached the final of the Masters , winning once in 2011 . Representing China at the Asian Games , Ding has won five gold medals in individual and team events . In 2016 , he became the first Asian player to reach the final of the World Championship . The same year , he won his first Six-red World Championship . Ding began playing snooker at age nine and rose to international prominence in 2002 after winning the Asian Under-21 Championship , the Asian Championship . At age 15 , he became the youngest winner of the IBSF World Under-21 Championship . In 2003 , Ding turned professional at the age of 16 . His first major professional successes came in 2005 when he won the China Open and the UK Championship , becoming the first player from outside Great Britain and Ireland to win the title . In the 2013/2014 season , Ding tied Stephen Hendry 's record of winning five ranking titles in a single season . During his career , Ding - who is known as a prolific break-builder - has compiled more than 500 century breaks , including six maximum breaks , in professional play ."}]}, {'value': '1-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Premier_League_Snooker', 'summary': "The 2012 PartyPoker.com Premier League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 16 August to 25 November 2012 . This was the last edition of the tournament , as in 2013 it was replaced by the Champion of Champions . Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion , but he decided not to compete this year . Stuart Bingham won his eighth professional title by defeating Judd Trump 7-2 in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Premier_League_Snooker', 'summary': 'The Premier League Snooker was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament . It was held from 1987 until 2012 . The tournament was played in a round-robin format over a number of weeks , normally from mid-September to early-December , around the other World Snooker events in various locations .'}]}, {'value': 'Stuart Bingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stuart_Bingham', 'summary': 'Stuart Bingham ( born 21 May 1976 ) is an English professional snooker player . He was World Champion in 2015 , beating Shaun Murphy 18-15 in the final , and is currently the defending Masters champion , winning in 2020 . Bingham became the oldest Masters champion in history aged 43 years and 243 days old with this win . As an amateur , he won the 1996 IBSF World Snooker Championship . He first entered the top 32 in the world rankings for the 2006/2007 season , and first reached the top 16 during the 2011/2012 season . Bingham won the first ranking title of his career at the 2011 Australian Goldfields Open and his second ranking title at the 2014 Shanghai Masters . He followed this by winning the World Championship in 2015 , which British media said completed an astonishing transition from journeyman to king of the Crucible . With that , he joined Ken Doherty as the only players to have won world titles at both amateur and professional levels . He claimed a fourth ranking title by winning the 2017 Welsh Open . Bingham has also been runner-up in three other ranking events , the 2012 Wuxi Classic , the 2013 Welsh Open , and the 2016 World Grand Prix . He has also won the non-ranking 2012 Premier League Snooker and the 2015 Championship League . A prolific break-builder , he has compiled more than 400 century breaks during his career , including six maximum breaks .'}]}, {'value': '2-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Championship_League', 'summary': "The 2014 Championship League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 6 January to 6 March 2014 at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , England . Shaun Murphy made the 103rd official maximum break during his league stage match against Mark Davis in group two . This was Murphy 's second official 147 break and the sixth in the 2013/2014 season . It was also the first maximum break in the history of the tournament . During the same day Neil Robertson defeated Joe Perry 3-0 . During the match he made three century breaks , which took the number of his century breaks in the season to 63 , breaking the record of most centuries compiled in a single season previously held by Judd Trump , who compiled 61 in the previous season . In all Robertson made 22 century breaks in this year 's Championship League ; a substantial contribution to his record-breaking 103 century break season . Judd Trump won his second Championship League title by defeating defending champion Martin Gould 3-1 in the final , and earned a place at the 2014 Champion of Champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Championship League ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Championship_League', 'summary': 'Championship League is a non-ranking snooker tournament , devised by Matchroom Sport . The tournament was originally held at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , Essex , from its debut in 2008 until 2016 . From 2017 , it has been held at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry . Martin Gould is the reigning champion .'}]}, {'value': 'Martin Gould', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Gould', 'summary': 'Martin Gould ( born 14 September 1981 ) is an English professional snooker player from Pinner in the London Borough of Harrow . He has appeared in three ranking finals and won one ranking title , the 2016 German Masters .'}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014_Champion_of_Champions', 'summary': "The 2014 Dafabet Champion of Champions was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 3 and 9 November 2014 at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry , England . Ronnie O'Sullivan successfully defended his title beating Judd Trump 10-7 in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Champion of Champions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Champion_of_Champions_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The Champion of Champions is a professional non-ranking snooker tournament . It was held in 1978 and 1980 and was then revived in 2013 by Matchroom Sport . The reigning champion is Neil Robertson . The Champion of Champions features winners of World Snooker events over the preceding 12 months , with the field topped up , if necessary , from the current World Rankings . In 2019 the tournament had a prize fund of £440,000 , of which £150,000 goes to the winner .'}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': '7-10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_World_Grand_Prix', 'summary': "The 2015 888.com World Grand Prix was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 16 and 22 March 2015 at the Venue Cymru in Llandudno , Wales . Judd Trump won the inaugural event by defeating Ronnie O'Sullivan 10-7 in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'World Grand Prix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Grand_Prix_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The World Grand Prix is a professional ranking snooker tournament . The inaugural edition was played in 2015 at the Venue Cymru in Llandudno , Wales . The reigning champion is Neil Robertson .'}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': '10-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Championship_League', 'summary': "The 2016 Championship League was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played from 4 January to 3 March 2016 at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , England . Stuart Bingham was the defending champion , but he was eliminated at the league stage of group seven . Judd Trump clinched his third Championship League title after a 3-2 win over Ronnie O'Sullivan in the final . Mark Williams took the largest share of the prize money thanks to a lucrative campaign through 4 groups before qualifying for the winners ' group . Fergal O'Brien made the 118th official maximum break during his league stage match against Mark Davis in group six . This was O'Brien 's first official 147 break and the fourth in the 2015/2016 season . O'Brien also became the oldest player to make an official 147 , at the age of 43 . His record was surpassed in the following year 's edition of the Championship League , when Mark Davis became the oldest player to score a maximum break , at the age of 44 . Davis even scored two 147 's in that year 's Championship League ."}]}, {'value': 'Championship League ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Championship_League', 'summary': 'Championship League is a non-ranking snooker tournament , devised by Matchroom Sport . The tournament was originally held at the Crondon Park Golf Club in Stock , Essex , from its debut in 2008 until 2016 . From 2017 , it has been held at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry . Martin Gould is the reigning champion .'}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': "The 2019 Dafabet Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament , that took place between 13 and 20 January 2019 in London , England and the second of three Triple Crown events in the 2018/2019 season . It was the 45th staging of the Masters , and was broadcast in Europe by the BBC and Eurosport . In his first appearance in a Masters final , Judd Trump lifted the title by defeating Ronnie O'Sullivan . Trump led throughout , taking a 7-1 lead after the afternoon session and , despite two century breaks from his opponent , won the match 10-4 . It was O'Sullivan 's heaviest defeat in his thirteen Masters finals . Luca Brecel made the highest break of the tournament , 140 , in his first round 6-5 victory against defending champion Mark Allen ."}]}, {'value': 'The Masters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Masters_(snooker)', 'summary': "The Masters is a professional invitational snooker tournament . Held every year since 1975 , it is the second-longest running tournament behind the World Championship . It is one of the Triple Crown events , and although not a ranking event , it is regarded as one of the most prestigious tournaments on the circuit . The reigning champion is Stuart Bingham . The Masters began as an invitational event for 10 top players . The field was expanded to 12 competitors in 1981 , and 16 in 1983 . Since 1984 , the standard invitees have been the top 16 players in the world rankings , with the addition of two or three wild-card places in tournaments held between 1990 and 2010 . Ronnie O'Sullivan holds the record for the most Masters titles , having won the tournament seven times . Stephen Hendry has won six titles , Cliff Thorburn , Steve Davis , Mark Selby , and Paul Hunter three , and Alex Higgins , Mark Williams and John Higgins two . In 2016 , the Masters trophy was renamed the Paul Hunter Trophy in honour of the three-time champion , who died in 2006 , aged 27 . The oldest champion in Masters history is the reigning champion Stuart Bingham , who was aged 43 years and 243 days in 2020 . The youngest champion is O'Sullivan , who won his first title in 1995 aged 19 years and 69 days ."}]}, {'value': "Ronnie O'Sullivan", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Ronnie_O'Sullivan", 'summary': "Ronald Antonio O'Sullivan OBE ( born 5 December 1975 ) is an English professional snooker player who is one of the most successful players in the history of the sport . Since turning professional in 1992 , he has won five World Championships , a record seven Masters titles , and a record seven UK Championships , setting a record total of 19 titles in Triple Crown tournaments . He shares the record for the most ranking titles ( 36 ) with Stephen Hendry and also holds the record as the youngest winner of a ranking title ( 1993 UK Championship , aged 17 years and 358 days ) as well as the youngest winner of the Masters ( in 1995 , aged 19 years and 69 days ) . In the 2017/2018 season , O'Sullivan won five ranking events in a single season , a record that he shares with Hendry , Ding Junhui and Mark Selby . His career prize money of over £11 million is the highest amount earned by any player in snooker history . A prolific break-builder , O'Sullivan is the only player to have reached 1,000 career century breaks . He has also achieved the highest number of officially recognized maximum breaks in professional competition ( 15 ) , and the fastest competitive maximum break , compiled in a time of 5 minutes and 8 seconds at the 1997 World Championship . He first became world number one in the 2002/2003 season and held the position for five out of eight seasons , ending in May 2010 . He regained the top ranking in March 2019 after a nine-year absence , the longest time any player has spent between spells as world number one , and held it until August 2019 . O'Sullivan has often been a controversial figure in the sport . Noted for his unpredictable temperament and his struggles with alcohol , drugs , and depression , he has received many warnings and sanctions from the sport 's governing body over his conduct and comments . He took a prolonged break from the sport during the 2012/2013 season and is known for repeatedly declaring his intention to retire ."}]}, {'value': '10-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Runner-up', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Champion_of_Champions', 'summary': "The 2019 Champion of Champions ( also known as the 2019 ManBetX Champion of Champions for sponsorship reasons ) was a professional snooker tournament that took place between 4 and 10 November 2019 at the Ricoh Arena in Coventry , England . It was the ninth Champion of Champions event , which was first held in 1978 . The tournament featured 16 participants who had won World Snooker events throughout the prior snooker season . In 2019 , winners of both the World Seniors Championship and Women 's World Championship competed at the tournament for the first time . As an invitational event , the Champion of Champions tournament carries no world ranking points . Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion , having defeated Kyren Wilson 10-9 in the final of the 2018 event . O'Sullivan lost 5-6 to Neil Robertson in the semi-finals . Robertson defeated reigning world champion Judd Trump 10-9 in the final to win the championship , having required foul shots in the 18th frame to avoid losing the match . There were 20 century breaks during the tournament , eight of which were made in the final . Mark Allen compiled the highest break of the tournament , a 140 , in his semi-final loss to Trump . The tournament 's total prize fund was £440,000 , with the winner receiving £150,000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Champion of Champions ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Champion_of_Champions_(snooker)', 'summary': 'The Champion of Champions is a professional non-ranking snooker tournament . It was held in 1978 and 1980 and was then revived in 2013 by Matchroom Sport . The reigning champion is Neil Robertson . The Champion of Champions features winners of World Snooker events over the preceding 12 months , with the field topped up , if necessary , from the current World Rankings . In 2019 the tournament had a prize fund of £440,000 , of which £150,000 goes to the winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Neil Robertson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Robertson', 'summary': "Neil Robertson ( born 11 February 1982 ) is an Australian professional snooker player . He made his first breakthrough into the top professional ranks in the 2006/2007 season . He won the 2010 World Championship and was the world number one later in the same year , a ranking that he attained again in 2013 and 2014 . On 10 November , Neil Robertson won the 2019 Champion of Champions tournament for the second time in his career . Robertson is the only Australian to have won a ranking event , and was undefeated in his first six televised finals . Robertson is also one of thirteen players to win both the world and UK titles , and one of eleven to win the Triple Crown of World Championship , UK Championship and Masters . As a prolific break-builder , Robertson has compiled more than 700 century breaks in professional competition . During the 2013/2014 season he became the first player to make 100 centuries in a single season , and is still the only one . Robertson is the most successful player from outside the United Kingdom in the sport 's history . He plays left-handed ."}]}, {'value': '9-10', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Career finals -- Non-ranking finals : 10 ( 6 titles , 4 runners-up )', 'section_text': 'Legend The Masters ( 1–0 ) Champion of Champions ( 0–2 ) Premier League ( 0–1 ) Other ( 5–1 )', 'uid': 'Judd_Trump_2', 'intro': "Judd Trump (born 20 August 1989) is an English professional snooker player from Bristol and the reigning World Champion. He enjoyed considerable success in youth tournaments before turning professional in 2005. On 3 April 2011, he won his first ranking title, beating Mark Selby 10-8 in the final of the China Open. Following his success in China, he reached the final of the 2011 World Championship where he finished runner-up to John Higgins. He then won the 2011 UK Championship, defeating Mark Allen 10-8 in the final to claim his first Triple Crown title. In November 2012, Trump won the inaugural International Championship and in doing so he became world number one, a position he held for five weeks; he reclaimed the top spot on 18 February 2013. He won his fourth ranking title at the Australian Goldfields Open in July 2014, defeating Neil Robertson 9-5 in the final. He won the inaugural 2015 World Grand Prix with a 10-7 final victory over Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has accrued three Championship League titles (2009, 2014, 2016) as well as a second win at the China Open in April 2016. He achieved two consecutive wins at the European Masters; in October 2016, he defeated O'Sullivan 9-8 to claim the title, which he successfully defended the following season by defeating Stuart Bingham 9-7. Trump claimed the Masters title in January 2019, again defeating O'Sullivan 10-4 in the final. In May 2019, he completed his career Triple Crown by winning the World Snooker Championship for the first time, beating Higgins 18-9 in what was described by some commentators as the highest-quality final ever played."}
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What was Judd Trump 's outcome when his opponent in the final has appeared in three ranking finals and won one ranking title , the 2016 German Masters ?
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Winner
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ffa9890f159ab4ad
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EN_postcode_area', 'title': 'EN postcode area', 'header': ['Postcode district', 'Post town', 'Coverage', 'Local authority area'], 'data': [{'value': 'EN1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ENFIELD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bush Hill Park ; eastern parts of Bulls Cross , Enfield Town , Forty Hill , outskirts of Lower Edmonton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bush_Hill_Park', 'summary': 'Bush Hill Park is a locality within the London Borough of Enfield . Situated 0.5 miles ( 0.8 km ) south east of Enfield Town and immediately to the west of the branch railway line from Edmonton Green to Enfield Town which forms a boundary between the historic parishes of Enfield and Edmonton . Much of the district is a planned suburban estate designated a conservation area in 1986 . For political purposes the locality falls within the Edmonton parliamentary constituency .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bulls_Cross,_Enfield', 'summary': "Bulls Cross is a road and hamlet in the London Borough of Enfield , north London , and is part of London 's Metropolitan Green Belt . It is to the west of the A10 Great Cambridge Road and south from the M25 motorway . Crews Hill is to the west , Bury Green ( near Cheshunt ) to the north , and Bullsmoor to the east . Bulls Cross is in the historic county of Middlesex ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Town', 'summary': 'Enfield is a market town in Greater London , and is the historic centre of the London Borough of Enfield . It is 10.1 miles ( 16.3 km ) north-northeast of Central London . The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London . The town was originally in the county of Middlesex , but became part of Greater London on 1 April 1965 when the London Government Act 1963 was implemented . Enfield , including its localities such as Ponders End , Crews Hill and Freezywater , had a total population of 132,640 in 2011 ; the wider borough meanwhile had a population of 333,869 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Forty_Hill', 'summary': 'Forty Hill is a largely residential suburb in the north of the London Borough of Enfield , England . To the north is Bulls Cross , to the south Enfield Town , to the west Clay Hill , and to the east Enfield Highway . It is in the historic county of Middlesex .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lower_Edmonton', 'summary': 'Edmonton is a district in North London in the London Borough of Enfield , England , 8.4 miles ( 13.5 km ) north-northeast of Charing Cross . The population of all of Edmonton was 82,472 as of 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Enfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Enfield', 'summary': 'The London Borough of Enfield ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a London borough in North London . It borders the London Borough of Barnet to the west , the London Borough of Haringey to the south and the London Borough of Waltham Forest to the southeast , as well as the districts of Hertsmere to the northwest , both Welwyn Hatfield and Broxbourne to the north ( in Hertfordshire ) and Epping Forest to the east ( in Essex ) . The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council . The main towns in the borough are Edmonton , Enfield Town , and Southgate .'}]}, {'value': 'EN2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ENFIELD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Botany Bay , Clay Hill , Crews Hill ; western parts of Bulls Cross , Enfield Chase , Enfield Town , Forty Hill , Gordon Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Botany_Bay,_London', 'summary': 'Botany Bay is a hamlet on the northern outskirts of the London Borough of Enfield , England . It has a population close to 200 . The hamlet is centred at the junction of The Ridgeway - the A1005 road that links Enfield to Potters Bar and the M25 motorway - and East Lodge Lane . Enfield Chase lies to the south and west . It is about a mile from the railway station at Crews Hill . It is in the historic county of Middlesex .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Clay_Hill,_London', 'summary': "Clay Hill is an area of Enfield , London , England . It is located to the north of Enfield Town and is mainly a residential area which almost borders Crews Hill to the north and forms part of London 's Green Belt . It is in the historic county of Middlesex . Places of interest include Clay Hill House , Whitewebbs Park , Hillyfields Park and Forty Hall . The North Enfield Cricket Club ground is located within the Clay Hill area , at the top of Hilly Fields Park ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Crews_Hill', 'summary': 'Crews Hill is an elevated and green-buffered former hamlet of Enfield grown into a small village-size community in the northern outskirts of London centred 12.3 miles ( 20 km ) north of Charing Cross . It forms part of the London Borough of Enfield and economically has many garden centres and plant nurseries . It is the northernmost settlement in the entire Greater London . It is in the historic county of Middlesex .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bulls_Cross,_Enfield', 'summary': "Bulls Cross is a road and hamlet in the London Borough of Enfield , north London , and is part of London 's Metropolitan Green Belt . It is to the west of the A10 Great Cambridge Road and south from the M25 motorway . Crews Hill is to the west , Bury Green ( near Cheshunt ) to the north , and Bullsmoor to the east . Bulls Cross is in the historic county of Middlesex ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Chase', 'summary': 'Enfield Chase is a former royal hunting ground in what is now the London Borough of Enfield in north London . Much of the former area of the Chase has been urbanised in modern times but a large part survives between Cockfosters in the west and Enfield Town in the east as Trent Country Park .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Town', 'summary': 'Enfield is a market town in Greater London , and is the historic centre of the London Borough of Enfield . It is 10.1 miles ( 16.3 km ) north-northeast of Central London . The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London . The town was originally in the county of Middlesex , but became part of Greater London on 1 April 1965 when the London Government Act 1963 was implemented . Enfield , including its localities such as Ponders End , Crews Hill and Freezywater , had a total population of 132,640 in 2011 ; the wider borough meanwhile had a population of 333,869 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Forty_Hill', 'summary': 'Forty Hill is a largely residential suburb in the north of the London Borough of Enfield , England . To the north is Bulls Cross , to the south Enfield Town , to the west Clay Hill , and to the east Enfield Highway . It is in the historic county of Middlesex .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gordon_Hill,_London', 'summary': "Gordon Hill is both a road and an area located in the London Borough of Enfield , Greater London , United Kingdom . It is served by Gordon Hill railway station . Adjoining areas include Clay Hill , Enfield Chase , Enfield Town , Crews Hill , Forty Hill and World 's End . Gordon Hill has a decent number of shops located on Lavender Hill and Lancaster Road . Also located in Gordon Hill is Chase Farm Hospital ."}]}, {'value': 'Enfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EN3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ENFIELD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Enfield Highway , Enfield Island Village , Enfield Lock , Enfield Wash , Ponders End', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Highway', 'summary': 'Enfield Highway is an area in the London Borough of Enfield , north London . It is roughly located in the area either side of Hertford Road ( Enfield Highway ) between Hoe Lane and The Ride .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Island_Village', 'summary': 'Enfield Island Village is a modern housing estate in Enfield Lock , in the London Borough of Enfield , north London . Before April 1994 , Enfield Island Village formed part of the Epping Forest district of Essex , but it was transferred to the borough of Enfield in Greater London when the housing development was created .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Lock', 'summary': "Enfield Lock is an area in the London Borough of Enfield , north London . It is approximately located east of the Hertford Road between Turkey Street and the Holmesdale Tunnel overpass , and extends to the River Lee Navigation , including the Enfield Island Village . The locality gains its name from the lock on the River Lee Navigation . Today 's Enfield Lock was rebuilt in 1922 . The area forms part of the Lee Valley Park and the Enfield Lock Conservation Area . On its eastern boundary Enfield Lock has marshland formerly used as a testing site between the Royal Small Arms Factory and the Gunpowder Mills . To the south is Brimsdown , the north Waltham Cross and to the west Bullsmoor and Freezywater . Enfield Lock forms part of the London boundary ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Enfield_Wash', 'summary': 'Enfield Wash is an area in the London Borough of Enfield , North London . It is approximately located in the area either side of Hertford Road between Ordnance Road/Turkey Street and Bell Lane/Hoe Lane .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ponders_End', 'summary': 'Elevations range from 21 metres ( 69 ft ) to 13 metres ( 43 ft ) above sea level , uniformly dropping from west to east . Two north-south railway lines enclose the residential parts of the area , bounded east and west by estates of warehousing , industrial and commercial use Its northern and southern limits are along Hertford Road at The Ride and The Boundary pubs ( north to south ) . Its loosely defined east and west limits coalesce around Wharf Road in the east and the Southbury station or Kingsway in the west .'}]}, {'value': 'Enfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EN4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BARNET', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hadley Wood , Cockfosters , East Barnet , New Barnet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hadley_Wood', 'summary': 'Hadley Wood is a suburb in the north of Greater London , close to the border with Hertfordshire . It is located in the London Borough of Enfield , about 11 miles ( 17.7 km ) north north-west of Charing Cross and is situated close to Barnet .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cockfosters', 'summary': 'Cockfosters is a suburb of north London to the east of Chipping Barnet , lying partly in the London Borough of Enfield and partly in the London Borough of Barnet . Before 1965 , it was in the counties of Middlesex and Hertfordshire .'}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Barnet', 'summary': 'East Barnet is an area of north London within the London Borough of Barnet bordered by New Barnet , Cockfosters and Southgate . It is a largely residential suburb whose central area contains shops , public houses , restaurants and services , and the parish church of St Mary the Virgin . East Barnet is close to the M25 and the A1 and M1 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/New_Barnet', 'summary': 'New Barnet is an area within the London Borough of Barnet . It is a largely residential North London suburb , close to the M25 , A1 and M1 . It is located east of Chipping Barnet , west of Cockfosters , and north of Oakleigh Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Barnet , Enfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barnet', 'summary': "The London Borough of Barnet ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a suburban London borough in North London . It forms part of Outer London and is the largest London borough by population with 384,774 inhabitants ; it covers an area of 86.74 square kilometres ( 33 sq mi ) , the fourth highest , and has a population density of 45.8 people per hectare , which ranks it 25th . The borough was formed in 1965 from parts of the counties of Middlesex and Hertfordshire . It borders Hertfordshire to the north and five other London boroughs : Camden and Haringey to the southeast , Enfield to the east , as well as Harrow and Brent to the west of the ancient Watling Street ( now the A5 road ) . The borough 's major urban settlements are Hendon , Finchley , Friern Barnet , Chipping Barnet , and Edgware ; there are also rural settlements notably Totteridge and Arkley . The local authority is Barnet London Borough Council , based in Hendon ."}]}, {'value': 'EN5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BARNET', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High Barnet , Arkley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_Barnet', 'summary': 'Chipping Barnet or High Barnet is a suburban market town in north London , forming part of the London Borough of Barnet , England . It is a suburban development built around a 12th-century settlement , and is located 10 1⁄2 miles ( 17 km ) north-northwest of Charing Cross , 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) east from Borehamwood , 5.2 miles ( 8.4 km ) west from Enfield and 3.2 miles ( 5.1 km ) south from Potters Bar . Its population , including its localities East Barnet , New Barnet , Hadley Wood , Monken Hadley , Cockfosters and Arkley , was 47,359 as of 2011 . Its name is very often abbreviated to just Barnet , which is also the name of the borough of which it forms a part . Chipping Barnet is also the name of the Parliamentary constituency covering the local area - the word Chipping denotes the presence of a market , one that was established here at the end of the 12th century and persists to this day . Chipping Barnet is one of the highest urban settlements in London , with the town centre having an elevation of about 427 feet ( 130 m ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Arkley', 'summary': 'Arkley is an area of North London , England , within the London Borough of Barnet . It is located 10.6 miles ( 17.1 km ) north northwest of Charing Cross . It consists of a long village strung out between Barnet and Stirling Corner , roughly centred on the Gate pub , and composed of the ancient hamlets of Barnet Gate , Rowley Green and Arkley . At 482 feet ( 147 m ) above sea level , Arkley is one of the highest points in London .'}]}, {'value': 'Barnet , Hertsmere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertsmere', 'summary': 'Hertsmere is a local government district and borough in Hertfordshire , England . Its council is based in Borehamwood . Other towns in the borough include Bushey , Elstree , Radlett and Potters Bar . The borough borders the three north London boroughs of Harrow , Barnet and Enfield , and is located mainly within the M25 Motorway .'}]}, {'value': 'EN6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'POTTERS BAR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Potters Bar , South Mimms , Cuffley , Northaw', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Potters_Bar', 'summary': 'Potters Bar is a town in Hertfordshire , England , 13 miles ( 21 km ) north of London . In 2011 , it had a population of 21,882 . [ n 1 ] The town dates to the early 13th century but remained a small , mainly agricultural , settlement until the arrival of the Great Northern Railway in 1850 . It is now part of the London commuter belt .'}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Mimms', 'summary': 'South Mimms , sometimes spelt South Mymms , is a village and civil parish in the Hertsmere district of Hertfordshire in the East of England . It is a small settlement located near to the junction of the M25 motorway with the A1 ( M ) motorway and is perhaps more widely known because of the naming of the service station at that junction .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cuffley', 'summary': 'Cuffley is a village in the Welwyn Hatfield district of south-east Hertfordshire located between Cheshunt and Potters Bar . It has a population of just over 4,000 people . Northaw and Cuffley is a civil parish and is part of Broxbourne parliamentary constituency .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Northaw', 'summary': 'Northaw is a village in the Welwyn Hatfield district of Hertfordshire , England . It is part of the civil parish of Northaw and Cuffley ( where at the 2011 Census the population was included ) , which was originally known as Northaw . The parish had a population of 5,190 according to the 2001 census , most of whom live in Cuffley . It formed part of the Metropolitan Police District until 2000 . The village has a population of around 450 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Hertsmere , Welwyn Hatfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Welwyn_Hatfield', 'summary': 'The Borough of Welwyn Hatfield is a local government district in southern Hertfordshire , England . It covers the two towns of Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield , along with numerous smaller settlements from Woolmer Green in the north to Little Heath in the south . Each of the towns has a railway station on the East Coast Main Line and they are close to the A1 road . It borders the London Borough of Enfield . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 , as a merger of the Welwyn Garden City urban district , with the Hatfield and Welwyn rural districts . It petitioned for borough status in 2005 , which was agreed to by the Privy Council on 15 November 2005 . In April 2006 a charter conferring borough status was granted , and the title of the council officially changed to Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council on 22 May 2006 . The first Mayor of the borough , John Hawkins , was chosen on 22 May . Set within the London green belt , the towns still retain something of their own identities . Welwyn Garden City has a famous heritage being one of only two Garden Cities in the country , and is uniquely both Garden City and designated New Town . They function to some extent as dormitory towns for householders who work in London . The Welwyn Viaduct is a locally important landmark .'}]}, {'value': 'EN7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WALTHAM CROSS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cheshunt , Goffs Oak , Capel Manor College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cheshunt', 'summary': "Cheshunt ( /ˈtʃɛzənt/ CHEZ-ənt ) is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne , Hertfordshire , lying entirely within the London Metropolitan Area and Greater London Urban Area . It is 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of central London and has a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdom 's 2001 Census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Goffs_Oak', 'summary': 'Goffs Oak is a large village in the borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom . It is situated between Cuffley and Cheshunt , just north of the M25 motorway in a slightly more rural section of the London commuter belt .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Capel_Manor_College', 'summary': 'Capel Manor College is a further education college at Bulls Cross , Enfield , London , England . The college grounds double as a garden open to the public for most of the year , with events including bushcraft , lambing weekends , heavy horse shows , [ failed verification ] leatherwork and garden festivals . The grounds cover over 30 hectares ( 74 acres ) . The 30 acres ( 12 ha ) of gardens include a walled garden , with pyracantha covering the library wall , a rock garden , a winter garden , a woodland walk with an ilex collection , and a lake garden . A sensory garden is stocked with mahonia japonica and garrya elliptica .'}]}, {'value': 'Broxbourne , Enfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borough_of_Broxbourne', 'summary': 'The Borough of Broxbourne is a local government district and borough in Hertfordshire , England . Its council is based in Cheshunt , other towns include Broxbourne , Hoddesdon and Waltham Cross . The eastern boundary of the district is the River Lea . The borough covers 20 square miles ( 52 km2 ) in south east Hertfordshire having a population of about 96,000 . The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Cheshunt and Hoddesdon urban districts . In Broxbourne borough , the Metropolitan Green Belt protects the surrounding countryside . The west of Broxbourne borough extends over well-wooded countryside to include Goffs Oak and the popular Lee Valley Park which marks the eastern boundary . Although urbanised with industrial and commercial activity , the whole area retains much of its rural character and is liked by people commuting to London . Most of Broxbourne is classified as part of the Greater London Urban Area , although it is not a London borough . The borough is twinned with the Sicilian city of Sutera .'}]}, {'value': 'EN8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WALTHAM CROSS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltham Cross , Cheshunt , Bullsmoor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltham_Cross', 'summary': 'Waltham Cross is a suburban former village and now a town in the south of the Borough of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire 12 miles ( 20 km ) north by north-east of Charing Cross in central London . It is in the metropolitan area of London , the Greater London Urban Area . Three of the twelve tall ornate stone monuments named Eleanor crosses ( carved and put up within about three years of the death of Eleanor of Castile , wife of Edward I ) are intact , one here , one at Geddington and one at Hardingstone . It was the only one designed by a foreigner , a certain Nicholas who had more than one toponymic surname . The town has a modest commercial centre , similar to many small towns of its type , and is immediately north of the M25 motorway and the London Borough of Enfield . Waltham Cross takes up a south-eastern corner of its county . The Waltham Cross post town stretches to the neighbouring town of Cheshunt and a small part of Enfield .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cheshunt', 'summary': "Cheshunt ( /ˈtʃɛzənt/ CHEZ-ənt ) is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne , Hertfordshire , lying entirely within the London Metropolitan Area and Greater London Urban Area . It is 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of central London and has a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdom 's 2001 Census ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bullsmoor', 'summary': 'Bullsmoor is an area of the London Borough of Enfield , England . It is in the historic county of Middlesex . It is adjacent to Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire , located just north past the M25 motorway , and is also entirely attached to nearby Freezywater . Bulls Cross is to the west and Enfield Lock to the east . Turkey Street is the local train station .'}]}, {'value': 'Broxbourne , Enfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EN9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WALTHAM ABBEY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Waltham Abbey , Nazeing , Upshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waltham_Abbey_(town)', 'summary': "Waltham Abbey is a suburban market town in the Epping Forest District of Essex , the metropolitan area of London , and the Greater London Urban Area . It has a population of about 21,149 . Lying on the outskirts of North East London , it is located 14 miles from central London . It is on the Greenwich Meridian , between the River Lea in the west and Epping Forest in the east , situated north of the London Borough of Waltham Forest , north-east of the London Borough of Enfield , and east of Waltham Cross in the Borough of Broxbourne , Hertfordshire . It is one of the possible resting places , along with Bosham , of King Harold Godwinson , who died in the Battle of Hastings in 1066 . Waltham Abbey takes its name from its former abbey , now the Abbey Church of Waltham Holy Cross , a scheduled ancient monument that was prominent in the town 's early history . The town is within the large civil parish of Waltham Abbey which was known as Waltham Holy Cross until 1974 . The parish has a town council and is twinned with the German town of Hörstel ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nazeing', 'summary': 'Nazeing is a village and parish in Essex , England . Within the parish are the separate settlements of Upper Nazeing , Middle Nazeing , and Lower Nazeing . The Prime Meridian passes to the west of Lower Nazeing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Upshire', 'summary': 'Upshire is a village in the Epping Forest District of Essex , England . The village is part of the civil parish of Waltham Abbey . Nearby settlements include the towns of Epping and Waltham Abbey . The M25 motorway passes close to the village . The village is on Horseshoe Hill ( a minor road ) , on which is The Horseshoe public house , and the church of St Thomas , a Grade II* listed building in Arts and Crafts style dating from 1902 . Less than half-a-mile ( 650m ) to the north-east is the hamlet of Copthall Green . Education is provided by Upshire Primary Foundation School .'}]}, {'value': 'Epping Forest', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Epping_Forest_District', 'summary': 'Epping Forest is a local government district in Essex , England . Situated in the west of the county , bordering northeastern Greater London , it is named after , and contains a large part of , Epping Forest . The district , though wholly within the county of Essex , is partly contiguous with Greater London to the south and southwest , and the area around Buckhurst Hill , Chigwell , Waltham Abbey and Loughton is statistically part of the Greater London Built-up Area and forms part of the Ilford ( IG ) postcode area ( except for Waltham Abbey , which forms part of the Enfield ( EN ) postcode area ) . Epping Forest District also borders Hertfordshire both to the northeast and southwest of the neighbouring district of Harlow .'}]}, {'value': 'EN10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BROXBOURNE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broxbourne , Wormley , Turnford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broxbourne', 'summary': 'Broxbourne is a commuter town in Hertfordshire , England , 17.1 miles ( 27.5 km ) north-east of London , with a population of 15,303 at the 2011 Census . About a mile ( 1.6 km ) north of Wormley and south of Hoddesdon , the town is near the River Lea , which forms the boundary with Essex , and 4.5 miles ( 7.2 km ) north of the M25 motorway . To the west of the town are Broxbourne Woods , a National Nature Reserve . The Prime Meridian runs just east of Broxbourne .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wormley,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': 'Wormley is a village in Hertfordshire , England . It is within the Borough of Broxbourne . The village is part of the census ward of Wormley and Turnford , which had a population of 8,146 at the 2001 census .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Turnford,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': 'Turnford is a village in the Borough of Broxbourne , in Hertfordshire , England , in an area generally known as the Lee Valley . It is bounded by Wormley to the north , Cheshunt to the south and west , and its eastern boundary is formed largely by the Lee Navigation . Central London at Charing Cross is approximately 18 miles ( 29 km ) south . At the 2001 census , together with Wormley , the village had a population of 8,146 in 3,399 households .'}]}, {'value': 'Broxbourne , Epping Forest', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EN11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'HODDESDON', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hoddesdon , Dobbs Weir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoddesdon', 'summary': "Hoddesdon ( /ˈhɒdzdən/ ) is a town in the Broxbourne borough of the English county of Hertfordshire , situated in the Lea Valley . It grew up as a coaching stop on the route between Cambridge and London . It is located 3 miles ( 5 km ) West of Harlow 4 miles ( 6 km ) southeast of Hertford , 5 miles ( 8 km ) north of Waltham Cross and 11 miles ( 18 km ) southwest of Bishop 's Stortford . At its height during the 18th century , more than 35 coaches a day passed through the town . It saw a boom in the mid 20th century as gravel was extracted from the area , but was exhausted by the 1970s . The lakes and water pits left behind have been used as leisure amenities . Today , Hoddesdon has a little light industry but is mainly a London commuter belt town . The town hosted the eighth Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne in 1951 . It is twinned with the Belgian city of Dinant . The Prime Meridian passes just to the east of Hoddesdon . The town is served by Rye House railway station and nearby Broxbourne railway station ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dobbs_Weir', 'summary': 'Dobbs Weir is both a weir near Hoddesdon , Hertfordshire and an area of Roydon , Essex in England on the River Lea . It is well known for angling , outdoor beauty and watersports . It is overlooked by the Fish and Eels pub .'}]}, {'value': 'Broxbourne , Epping Forest', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Postal administration -- List of postcode districts', 'section_text': 'The approximate coverage of the postcode districts :', 'uid': 'EN_postcode_area_0', 'intro': 'The EN postcode area, also known as the Enfield postcode area, is a group of eleven postcode districts in England, which are subdivisions of seven post towns. These postcode districts cover parts of northern Greater London (including Enfield and Barnet), southern Hertfordshire (including Potters Bar, Waltham Cross, Broxbourne and Hoddesdon) and western Essex (including Waltham Abbey).'}
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What constituency is this district in located in the borough whose borough status was approved on 15 November 2005 ?
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Broxbourne parliamentary constituency
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ffaa636de0559bac
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_names_of_Thor', 'title': 'List of names of Thor', 'header': ['Name ( Old Norse )', 'Name ( anglicized )', 'Name meaning', 'Attestations'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ásabragr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asabrag', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Æsir -lord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Æsir', 'summary': "In Old Norse , ǫ́ss ( or áss , ás , plural æsir ; feminine ásynja , plural ásynjur ) is a member of the principal pantheon in Norse religion . This pantheon includes Odin , Frigg , Thor , Baldr and Týr . The second pantheon is known as the Vanir . In Norse mythology , the two pantheons wage war against each other , which results in a unified pantheon . The cognate term in Old English is ōs ( plural ēse ) denoting a deity in Anglo-Saxon paganism . The Old High German is ans , plural ensî . The Gothic language had ans- ( based only on Jordanes who glossed anses with uncertain meaning , possibly 'demi-god ' and presumably a Latinized form of actual plural *anseis ) . The reconstructed Proto-Germanic form is *ansuz , the term ōs ( áss ) was never adopted into Christian use ."}]}, {'value': 'Skírnismál ( 33 ) , Nafnaþulur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Skírnismál', 'summary': 'Skírnismál ( Sayings of Skírnir ) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda . It is preserved in the 13th-century manuscripts Codex Regius and AM 748 I 4to but may have been originally composed in heathen times . Many scholars believe that the poem was acted out , perhaps in a sort of hiéros gamos .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}]}, {'value': 'Ása-Þórr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asa-Thor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Æsir -Thor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Æsir', 'summary': "In Old Norse , ǫ́ss ( or áss , ás , plural æsir ; feminine ásynja , plural ásynjur ) is a member of the principal pantheon in Norse religion . This pantheon includes Odin , Frigg , Thor , Baldr and Týr . The second pantheon is known as the Vanir . In Norse mythology , the two pantheons wage war against each other , which results in a unified pantheon . The cognate term in Old English is ōs ( plural ēse ) denoting a deity in Anglo-Saxon paganism . The Old High German is ans , plural ensî . The Gothic language had ans- ( based only on Jordanes who glossed anses with uncertain meaning , possibly 'demi-god ' and presumably a Latinized form of actual plural *anseis ) . The reconstructed Proto-Germanic form is *ansuz , the term ōs ( áss ) was never adopted into Christian use ."}]}, {'value': 'Repeatedly in the Prose Edda , Hárbarðsljóð ( 52 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prose_Edda', 'summary': "The Prose Edda , also known as the Younger Edda , Snorri 's Edda ( Icelandic : Snorra Edda ) or , historically , simply as Edda , is an Old Norse work of literature written in Iceland during the early 13th century . The work is often assumed to have been written , or at least compiled , by the Icelandic scholar , lawspeaker , and historian Snorri Sturluson c. 1220 . It is considered the fullest and most detailed source for modern knowledge of Germanic mythology . It begins with a euhemerized Prologue , a section on the Norse cosmogony , pantheon , and myths . This is followed by three distinct books : Gylfaginning ( consisting of approximately 20,000 words ) , Skáldskaparmál ( approximately 50,000 words ) , and Háttatal ( approximately 20,000 words ) . Seven manuscripts , dating from c. 1300 to 1600 , have independent textual value . Sturluson planned the collection as a textbook . It was to enable Icelandic poets and readers to understand the subtleties of alliterative verse , and to grasp the meaning behind the many kenningar ( compounds ) that were used in skaldic poetry . The Prose Edda was originally referred to as simply Edda , but was later titled the Prose Edda in modern collections to distinguish it from the collections titled Poetic Edda that are largely based on Codex Regius , a collection of poetry composed after Edda in 13th century Iceland . At that time , versions of the Edda were well known in Iceland , but scholars speculated that there once was an Elder Edda which contained the poems which Snorri quotes in his Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Hárbarðsljóð', 'summary': 'Hárbarðsljóð ( Lay of Hárbarðr ) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda , found in the Codex Regius and AM 748 I 4to manuscripts . It is a flyting poem with figures from Norse Paganism .'}]}, {'value': 'Atli', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'the terrible', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur , Þrymlur I ( 7 ) , Sturlaugsrímur VI ( 11 ) , Skikkjurímur III ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Þrymlur', 'summary': "Þrymlur is an Icelandic mythological rímur cycle dated to the 15th century . Þrymlur narrates Thor 's reclaiming of his hammer Mjöllnir from the giant Þrymr , a myth also preserved in the Eddic poem Þrymskviða . The version in Þrymlur is believed to be based on that of Þrymskviða , but is in some respects more detailed and has some independent elements . The cycle consists of three rímur , each in a different verse form . The first is in ferskeytt , the second in braghent and the third in stafhent . The rímur are only preserved in one medieval manuscript , Staðarhólsbók . The beginning of the first ríma is lost . Sophus Bugge argued that the Scandinavian ballad Torsvisen was originally based on Þrymlur , pointing out some parallels . Finnur Jónsson and Björn Karel Þórólfsson regarded this as highly improbable ."}]}, {'value': 'Björn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bjorn , Biorn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'bear', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur , Lokrur I ( 5 ) , III ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lokrur', 'summary': "Lokrur is an Icelandic mythological rímur cycle dated to ca . 1400 . It narrates the journey of the god Thor to Útgarða-Loki , a myth also preserved in Snorri Sturluson 's 13th century Prose Edda part Gylfaginning . Compared with the version in Gylfaginning , the Lokrur version is often more detailed , with fleshed-out descriptions where Gylfaginning has an understated and terse text . The cycle consists of four rímur , the first in stafhent and the rest in ferskeytt meter . The rímur are preserved in only one medieval manuscript , Staðarhólsbók ."}]}, {'value': 'Einriði or Eindriði', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Einridi or Eindridi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'the one who rides alone , perhaps originally the one who rules alone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Haustlöng ( 19 ) , Vellekla ( 15 ) , Nafnaþulur , Lokrur II ( 6 , 34 , 40 ) , III ( 40 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haustlöng', 'summary': 'Haustlöng ( Old Norse autumn-long ) is a skaldic poem composed around the beginning of the 10th century . The poem is preserved in the 13th century Prose Edda , which quotes two groups of stanzas from it , and is attributed to the Norwegian skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir . The poem describes mythological scenes painted on a shield given to the poet . In the stanzas that have come down to us two such scenes are described :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vellekla', 'summary': "Vellekla ( Old Norse shortage of gold ) is a partially preserved drápa composed in the late 10th century by the Icelandic skald Einarr Helgason skálaglamm . It is one of the two drápas he made for Hákon jarl . It speaks of the battle of Hjörungavágr and Hákon 's campaign in Denmark , among other things ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lokrur', 'summary': "Lokrur is an Icelandic mythological rímur cycle dated to ca . 1400 . It narrates the journey of the god Thor to Útgarða-Loki , a myth also preserved in Snorri Sturluson 's 13th century Prose Edda part Gylfaginning . Compared with the version in Gylfaginning , the Lokrur version is often more detailed , with fleshed-out descriptions where Gylfaginning has an understated and terse text . The cycle consists of four rímur , the first in stafhent and the rest in ferskeytt meter . The rímur are preserved in only one medieval manuscript , Staðarhólsbók ."}]}, {'value': 'Ennilangr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ennilang', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'the one with the wide forehead', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}]}, {'value': 'Harðhugaðr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hardhugadr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'strong spirit powerful soul fierce ego brave heart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Þrymskviða ( 31 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Þrymskviða', 'summary': "Þrymskviða ( Þrym 's Poem ; the name can be anglicised as Thrymskviða , Thrymskvitha , Thrymskvidha or Thrymskvida ) is one of the best known poems from the Poetic Edda . The Norse myth had enduring popularity in Scandinavia and continued to be told and sung in several forms until the 19th century ."}]}, {'value': 'Harðvéurr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hardveur', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'the strong archer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}]}, {'value': 'Hlóriði or Hlórriði', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hloridi or Hlorridi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Possibly the loud rider , the loud weather-god ; presumably related to Einriði and possibly to a cult-word hlóa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hymiskviða ( 4 , 16 , 27 , 29 , 37 ) , Lokasenna ( 54 ) , Þrymskviða ( 7 , 8 , 14 , 31 ) , Lokrur II ( 43 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hymiskviða', 'summary': "Hymiskviða ( Hymir 's poem ; the name can be anglicized as Hymiskvitha , Hymiskvidha or Hymiskvida ) is a poem collected in the Poetic Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lokasenna', 'summary': "Lokasenna ( Loki 's flyting , Loki 's wrangling , Loki 's quarrel ) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda . The poem presents flyting between the gods and Loki . It is written in the ljóðaháttr metre , typical for wisdom verse . Loki , amongst other things , accuses the gods of moralistic sexual impropriety , the practice of seiðr ( sorcery ) , and bias . Not ostensibly the most serious of allegations , these elements are , however , said ultimately to lead to the onset of Ragnarök in the Eddic poem Völuspá . However , Lokasenna does not directly state that Loki 's binding is as a consequence of the killing of Baldr . This is explicitly stated only in Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda . Lee M. Hollander , in his introduction to his translation of the poem , claims that it was in no sense a popular lay and suggests we should not necessarily believe that the accusations of the sly god were an accepted part of the lore ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Þrymskviða', 'summary': "Þrymskviða ( Þrym 's Poem ; the name can be anglicised as Thrymskviða , Thrymskvitha , Thrymskvidha or Thrymskvida ) is one of the best known poems from the Poetic Edda . The Norse myth had enduring popularity in Scandinavia and continued to be told and sung in several forms until the 19th century ."}]}, {'value': 'Öku-Þor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oku-Thor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cart Thor or Driving Thor , though possibly derived from the Finnish god Ukko ( Ukko-Thor )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukko', 'summary': "Ukko , or Äijä or Äijö ( Finnish : male grandparent , grandfather , old man ) , parallel to Uku in Estonian mythology , is the god of the sky , weather , harvest and thunder in Finnish mythology . Ukkonen , the Finnish word for thunder is the diminutive form of the name Ukko . [ note 1 ] [ note 2 ] Some researchers believe that Ilmarinen , another Finnic sky god , is the origin of Ukko , while some others believe that Ukko 's original name was Baltic Perkele . Ukko is held the most significant god of Finnish mythology , although it is disputed by scholars whether this is accountable to later Christian influence . In the folk poems and prayers he is also given the epithet Ylijumala ( English : Supreme God ) , probably in reference to his status as the most highly regarded god and on the other hand his traditional domain in the heavens . Other names for Ukko include Pitkänen ( pitkä , long ) , Isäinen ( isä , father ) , Isoinen ( iso , archaic form of the above , modern meaning great , big or large ) . Although portrayed active in myth , Ukko makes all his appearances in legend solely by natural phenomena when appealed to . According to Martti Haavio , the name Ukko was sometimes used as a common noun or generalised epithet for multiple deities instead of denoting a specific god ."}]}, {'value': 'Gylfaginning', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gylfaginning', 'summary': "Gylfaginning ( Old Norse pronunciation [ ˈɟʏlvaˌɟɪnːɪŋg ] ; Icelandic pronunciation : \u200b [ ˈcɪlvaˌcɪnːiŋk ] ; Tricking of Gylfi ; c. 20,000 words ) is the first part of Snorri Sturluson 's 13th century Prose Edda after Prologue . The Gylfaginning deals with the creation and destruction of the world of the Norse gods , and many other aspects of Norse mythology . The second part of the Prose Edda is called the Skáldskaparmál and the third Háttatal ."}]}, {'value': 'Rymr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rym', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'noise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur , Þrymlur II ( 6 ) , III ( 26 ) ; Lokrur I ( 27 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Þrymlur', 'summary': "Þrymlur is an Icelandic mythological rímur cycle dated to the 15th century . Þrymlur narrates Thor 's reclaiming of his hammer Mjöllnir from the giant Þrymr , a myth also preserved in the Eddic poem Þrymskviða . The version in Þrymlur is believed to be based on that of Þrymskviða , but is in some respects more detailed and has some independent elements . The cycle consists of three rímur , each in a different verse form . The first is in ferskeytt , the second in braghent and the third in stafhent . The rímur are only preserved in one medieval manuscript , Staðarhólsbók . The beginning of the first ríma is lost . Sophus Bugge argued that the Scandinavian ballad Torsvisen was originally based on Þrymlur , pointing out some parallels . Finnur Jónsson and Björn Karel Þórólfsson regarded this as highly improbable ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lokrur', 'summary': "Lokrur is an Icelandic mythological rímur cycle dated to ca . 1400 . It narrates the journey of the god Thor to Útgarða-Loki , a myth also preserved in Snorri Sturluson 's 13th century Prose Edda part Gylfaginning . Compared with the version in Gylfaginning , the Lokrur version is often more detailed , with fleshed-out descriptions where Gylfaginning has an understated and terse text . The cycle consists of four rímur , the first in stafhent and the rest in ferskeytt meter . The rímur are preserved in only one medieval manuscript , Staðarhólsbók ."}]}, {'value': 'Sönnungr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sonnung', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Possibly the true one', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur , Lokrur IV ( 8 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lokrur', 'summary': "Lokrur is an Icelandic mythological rímur cycle dated to ca . 1400 . It narrates the journey of the god Thor to Útgarða-Loki , a myth also preserved in Snorri Sturluson 's 13th century Prose Edda part Gylfaginning . Compared with the version in Gylfaginning , the Lokrur version is often more detailed , with fleshed-out descriptions where Gylfaginning has an understated and terse text . The cycle consists of four rímur , the first in stafhent and the rest in ferskeytt meter . The rímur are preserved in only one medieval manuscript , Staðarhólsbók ."}]}, {'value': 'Véþormr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vethorm', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Protector of the shrine but may not apply to Thor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vé_(shrine)', 'summary': 'In Germanic paganism , a vé ( Old Norse ) or wēoh ( Old English ) is a type of shrine , sacred enclosure or other place with religious significance . The term appears in skaldic poetry and in place names in Scandinavia ( with the exception of Iceland ) , often in connection with an Old Norse deity or a geographic feature .'}]}, {'value': 'Arinbjarnarkviða ( 19 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arinbjarnarkviða', 'summary': 'Arinbjarnarkviða is a skaldic poem by Egill Skalla-Grímsson in praise of his friend Arinbjörn . The poem is preserved in Möðruvallabók but not in other manuscripts of Egils saga . Some lines are lost while others may be corrupted . The metre is kviðuháttr .'}]}, {'value': 'Véuðr or Véoðr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veud or Veod', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Possibly variant of Véurr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nafnaþulur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}]}, {'value': 'Véurr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veur', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Possibly guard of the shrine Possibly hallower', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vé_(shrine)', 'summary': 'In Germanic paganism , a vé ( Old Norse ) or wēoh ( Old English ) is a type of shrine , sacred enclosure or other place with religious significance . The term appears in skaldic poetry and in place names in Scandinavia ( with the exception of Iceland ) , often in connection with an Old Norse deity or a geographic feature .'}]}, {'value': 'Hymiskviða ( 11 , 17 , 21 ) , Völuspá', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hymiskviða', 'summary': "Hymiskviða ( Hymir 's poem ; the name can be anglicized as Hymiskvitha , Hymiskvidha or Hymiskvida ) is a poem collected in the Poetic Edda ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Völuspá', 'summary': 'Völuspá ( Old Norse Vǫluspá , Vǫlospá or Vǫluspǫ́ , Prophecy of the Völva ( Seeress ) ; reconstructed Old Norse [ ˈwɔlʊˌspɒː ] , Modern Icelandic [ ˈvœːlʏˌspauː ] ) is the first and best known poem of the Poetic Edda . It tells the story of the creation of the world and its coming end , related to the audience by a völva addressing Odin . It is one of the most important primary sources for the study of Norse mythology . Henry Adam Bellows proposed a 10th-century dating and authorship by a pagan Icelander with knowledge of Christianity . He also assumes the early hearers would have been very familiar with the story of the poem and not in need of an explanation . The poem is preserved whole in the Codex Regius and Hauksbók manuscripts while parts of it are quoted in the Prose Edda . It consists of approximately 60 fornyrðislag stanzas .'}]}, {'value': 'Vingþórr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vingthor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Possibly battle-Thor Possibly hallower', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Þrymskviða ( 1 ) , Alvíssmál ( 6 ) , Nafnaþulur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Þrymskviða', 'summary': "Þrymskviða ( Þrym 's Poem ; the name can be anglicised as Thrymskviða , Thrymskvitha , Thrymskvidha or Thrymskvida ) is one of the best known poems from the Poetic Edda . The Norse myth had enduring popularity in Scandinavia and continued to be told and sung in several forms until the 19th century ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alvíssmál', 'summary': 'Alvíssmál ( Talk of Alvíss ) is a poem collected in the Poetic Edda , probably dating to the 12th century , that descibes how the god Thor outwits a dwarf called Alvíss ( All-Wise ) who seeks to marry his daughter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nafnaþulur', 'summary': "Nafnaþulur is a subsection of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda , the last part of the Skáldskaparmál . It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items , such as gods , giants , people , animals , and weapons . The verses are not in all manuscripts of the Edda and appear independently , and are probably a later addition to Snorri 's original composition ; they may have been one of its sources . They are often omitted from editions and translations of the Edda ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Names', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_names_of_Thor_0', 'intro': 'The Germanic god Thor (Old Norse: Þórr) is referred to by many names in Old Norse poetry and literature. Some of the names come from the Prose Edda list Nafnaþulur, and are not attested elsewhere, while other names are well attested throughout the sources of Norse mythology.'}
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Which poem praises his friend Arinbjorn and uses the syllabic pattern of kviðuháttr that references a place with huge religious significance ?
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Arinbjarnarkviða
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ffab70e615b2136a
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botola', 'title': 'Botola', 'header': ['Season', 'Player', 'Team', 'Goals'], 'data': [{'value': '1966-67', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdelatif Chiadmi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Difaa El Jadida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Difaa_El_Jadida', 'summary': "Difaâ Hassani d'el-Jadida ( Arabic : الدفاع الحسني الجديدي ) is a Moroccan football club based in El Jadida . They play their home games at Stade El Abdi and are in the first division of Moroccan football ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1967-68', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hassan Chicha', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Difaa El Jadida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Difaa_El_Jadida', 'summary': "Difaâ Hassani d'el-Jadida ( Arabic : الدفاع الحسني الجديدي ) is a Moroccan football club based in El Jadida . They play their home games at Stade El Abdi and are in the first division of Moroccan football ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968-69', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Faras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Faras', 'summary': 'Ahmed Faras ( Arabic : أحمد فرس ) ( born 7 December 1946 in Mohammedia ) is a former Moroccan striker . He was named African Footballer of the Year in 1975 , and spent all of his playing career with his native Chabab Mohammédia .'}]}, {'value': 'Chabab Mohammédia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chabab_Mohammédia', 'summary': 'Sporting Club Chabab Mohammédia , known as SCC Mohammédia or Chabab Mohammédia is a Moroccan football club founded in 1948 , playing in the Amateur National Championship .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972-73', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Faras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Faras', 'summary': 'Ahmed Faras ( Arabic : أحمد فرس ) ( born 7 December 1946 in Mohammedia ) is a former Moroccan striker . He was named African Footballer of the Year in 1975 , and spent all of his playing career with his native Chabab Mohammédia .'}]}, {'value': 'Chabab Mohammédia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chabab_Mohammédia', 'summary': 'Sporting Club Chabab Mohammédia , known as SCC Mohammédia or Chabab Mohammédia is a Moroccan football club founded in 1948 , playing in the Amateur National Championship .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974-75', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hassan Chicha', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Difaa El Jadida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Difaa_El_Jadida', 'summary': "Difaâ Hassani d'el-Jadida ( Arabic : الدفاع الحسني الجديدي ) is a Moroccan football club based in El Jadida . They play their home games at Stade El Abdi and are in the first division of Moroccan football ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976-77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohamed Boussati', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KAC Kenitra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KAC_Kenitra', 'summary': 'Kenitra Athletic Club ( KAC ) ( Arabic : النادي القنيطري ) is a Moroccan football and basketball club based in the city of Kenitra .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979-80', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Idriss Ouadich', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980-81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohamed Boussati', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KAC Kenitra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KAC_Kenitra', 'summary': 'Kenitra Athletic Club ( KAC ) ( Arabic : النادي القنيطري ) is a Moroccan football and basketball club based in the city of Kenitra .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-82', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mohamed Boussati', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KAC Kenitra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KAC_Kenitra', 'summary': 'Kenitra Athletic Club ( KAC ) ( Arabic : النادي القنيطري ) is a Moroccan football and basketball club based in the city of Kenitra .'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982-83', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdeslam Laghrissi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdeslam_Laghrissi', 'summary': 'Abdeslam Laghrissi ( born 5 January 1962 in Ksar-el-Kebir ) is a retired Moroccan footballer . He is also known as Abdeslam ( or Abdelslam ) El-Ghrissi .'}]}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1983-84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mjidou Tmimi', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Wydad Casablanca Mouloudia d'Oujda", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wydad_Casablanca', 'summary': 'Wydad Athletic Club ( Arabic : نادي الوداد الرياضي , Arabic pronunciation : [ naːdiː‿l.wydaːd arːiyːadˤiː ] ) , Berber languages : ⵡⵢⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵀⵍⴻⵜⵉⵛ ⵛⵍⵓⴱ ) commonly known as WAC or Wydad Casablanca , also called Wydad of Nation or The Lions Of Africa is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca City , Morocco . Wydad AC is one of the best and most successful football team in Africa , and which is the most titled team in the history of Moroccan football League . Wydad has won a record of 20 Moroccan league titles . In addition Wydad has won 9 Moroccan Cups and 8 Moroccan Super Cup . In continental competitions the club has won 2 CAF Champions League , 1 CAF Cup Winners , 1 CAF Super Cup , 1 Afro-Asian Club Championship , 1 Arab Club Champions Cup , 1 Arab Super Cup , 3 North African Championship , 3 North African Super Cup , 1 North African Cup , 1 Mohammed V Trophy . Anina'}, {'url': "/wiki/Mouloudia_d'Oujda", 'summary': 'Mouloudia Club of Oujda ( Arabic : مولودية وجدة ) is a Moroccan football club based in Oujda . Mouloudia , which closely translates to birth in Arabic , was named after the coincidence of the day of its creation : on March 16 , 1946 ( 12 second spring of 1365 Hjeria ) with the anniversary of the birth of Muhammad .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984-85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boushaba', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Renaissance Berkane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renaissance_Berkane', 'summary': "Renaissance Sportive de Berkane ( Arabic : النهضة الرياضية البركانية ) commonly known as Nahdat Berkane or for a short RS Berkane , is a Moroccan sports club based in Berkane , Morocco . The club 's football team is currently playing in the first division of Moroccan championship Botola . The club finished in the 2nd place in the Botola 2 in the 2011-12 season , which led to the promotion to the first division ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985-86', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hassan Nader Mohammed Chaouch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hassan_Nader', 'summary': 'Hassan Nader ( Arabic : حسن ناظر ; born 8 July 1965 ) is a Moroccan former footballer who played as a striker . He spent most of his 21-year senior career in Portugal - amassing Primeira Liga totals of 219 matches and 94 goals - mainly with Farense , where he surpassed the 100-goal mark in official games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mohammed_Chaouch', 'summary': 'Mohamed Chaouch ( Arabic : محمد شاوش ; born December 12 , 1966 in Aklim ) is a former Moroccan footballer .'}]}, {'value': 'Wydad Casablanca Kawkab Marrakech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wydad_Casablanca', 'summary': 'Wydad Athletic Club ( Arabic : نادي الوداد الرياضي , Arabic pronunciation : [ naːdiː‿l.wydaːd arːiyːadˤiː ] ) , Berber languages : ⵡⵢⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵀⵍⴻⵜⵉⵛ ⵛⵍⵓⴱ ) commonly known as WAC or Wydad Casablanca , also called Wydad of Nation or The Lions Of Africa is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca City , Morocco . Wydad AC is one of the best and most successful football team in Africa , and which is the most titled team in the history of Moroccan football League . Wydad has won a record of 20 Moroccan league titles . In addition Wydad has won 9 Moroccan Cups and 8 Moroccan Super Cup . In continental competitions the club has won 2 CAF Champions League , 1 CAF Cup Winners , 1 CAF Super Cup , 1 Afro-Asian Club Championship , 1 Arab Club Champions Cup , 1 Arab Super Cup , 3 North African Championship , 3 North African Super Cup , 1 North African Cup , 1 Mohammed V Trophy . Anina'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kawkab_Marrakech', 'summary': 'Kawkab Athlétique Club of Marrakech ( Arabic : الكوكب المراكشي ; KACM ) is a Moroccan football club based in Marrakech . The club was founded in 1947 .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986-87', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abderrazak Khairi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abderrazak_Khairi', 'summary': 'Abderrazak Khairi ( born 20 November 1962 ) is a Moroccan former football player and current coach of Sohar Club in the Omani League .'}]}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987-88', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lahcen Anaflous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988-89', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hassan Nader', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hassan_Nader', 'summary': 'Hassan Nader ( Arabic : حسن ناظر ; born 8 July 1965 ) is a Moroccan former footballer who played as a striker . He spent most of his 21-year senior career in Portugal - amassing Primeira Liga totals of 219 matches and 94 goals - mainly with Farense , where he surpassed the 100-goal mark in official games .'}]}, {'value': 'Wydad Casablanca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wydad_Casablanca', 'summary': 'Wydad Athletic Club ( Arabic : نادي الوداد الرياضي , Arabic pronunciation : [ naːdiː‿l.wydaːd arːiyːadˤiː ] ) , Berber languages : ⵡⵢⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵀⵍⴻⵜⵉⵛ ⵛⵍⵓⴱ ) commonly known as WAC or Wydad Casablanca , also called Wydad of Nation or The Lions Of Africa is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca City , Morocco . Wydad AC is one of the best and most successful football team in Africa , and which is the most titled team in the history of Moroccan football League . Wydad has won a record of 20 Moroccan league titles . In addition Wydad has won 9 Moroccan Cups and 8 Moroccan Super Cup . In continental competitions the club has won 2 CAF Champions League , 1 CAF Cup Winners , 1 CAF Super Cup , 1 Afro-Asian Club Championship , 1 Arab Club Champions Cup , 1 Arab Super Cup , 3 North African Championship , 3 North African Super Cup , 1 North African Cup , 1 Mohammed V Trophy . Anina'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-90', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abdeslam Laghrissi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abdeslam_Laghrissi', 'summary': 'Abdeslam Laghrissi ( born 5 January 1962 in Ksar-el-Kebir ) is a retired Moroccan footballer . He is also known as Abdeslam ( or Abdelslam ) El-Ghrissi .'}]}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990-91', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lahcen Anaflous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991-92', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lahcen Anaflous', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AS FAR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ASFAR_(football_club)', 'summary': "The Association Sportive des Forces Armées Royales ( Arabic : الجمعية الرياضية للقوات المسلحة الملكية ; ASFAR ) , also known as the Royal Army Club ( Arabic : نادي الجيش الملكي ) , is a professional sport club based in Morocco 's capital city ( Rabat-Salé ) . The club was founded in 1958 soon after Morocco had gained their independence , and is one of the most famous football clubs in Morocco . ASFAR is an abbreviation for Sports Association the Royal Armed Forces . ASFAR is the Most winning official titles in total 29 titles , And became the first club in Morocco to win one of the African cup competitions , the African Cup of Champions Clubs in 1985 , and has never been relegated to the Moroccan Second Division , with his Historical rivals Wydad Casablanca and Raja Casablanca , and matches Between the parties are known as Moroccan Clasico , And a big other match are known as Capital city Derby against his neighbor FUS Rabat . ASFAR is the most successful moroccan club of the 20st century , and was ranked first locally , 10 continental and 201 universally , in the international rankings of clubs during the first ten years of the 21st century ( 2001-2010 ) , issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992-93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Youssef Fertout', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Youssef_Fertout', 'summary': 'Youssef Fertout ( born 7 July 1970 ) is a retired Moroccan footballer . He played for several clubs , including Wydad Casablanca , CF Belenenses and AZ Alkmaar . Fertout played for the Morocco national football team and was a participant at the 1998 African Cup of Nations .'}]}, {'value': 'Wydad Casablanca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wydad_Casablanca', 'summary': 'Wydad Athletic Club ( Arabic : نادي الوداد الرياضي , Arabic pronunciation : [ naːdiː‿l.wydaːd arːiyːadˤiː ] ) , Berber languages : ⵡⵢⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵀⵍⴻⵜⵉⵛ ⵛⵍⵓⴱ ) commonly known as WAC or Wydad Casablanca , also called Wydad of Nation or The Lions Of Africa is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca City , Morocco . Wydad AC is one of the best and most successful football team in Africa , and which is the most titled team in the history of Moroccan football League . Wydad has won a record of 20 Moroccan league titles . In addition Wydad has won 9 Moroccan Cups and 8 Moroccan Super Cup . In continental competitions the club has won 2 CAF Champions League , 1 CAF Cup Winners , 1 CAF Super Cup , 1 Afro-Asian Club Championship , 1 Arab Club Champions Cup , 1 Arab Super Cup , 3 North African Championship , 3 North African Super Cup , 1 North African Cup , 1 Mohammed V Trophy . Anina'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Top scorers', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Botola_1', 'intro': "The Botola Pro 1 (Arabic: البطولة ), is a Moroccan professional league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the Moroccan football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Football League. From 2015 to 2019, the league was called Botola Maroc Telecom for sponsorship reasons. The Botola Pro 1 is a corporation in which the 16 member clubs act as shareholders, Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 30 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away) totalling 214 matches in the season. Most games are played in the afternoons of Saturdays and Sundays, the other games during weekday evenings. It is sponsored by Maroc Télécom and thus known as the Botola-Ittisalat. Outside England[clarification needed]. The competition formed as the FRFM on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Botola Pro to break away from the UNAF[clarification needed], which had been founded in 1911, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. This deal is worth MAD 55 million a year domestically as of 2015-16, with Arryadia securing the domestic rights to broadcast games respectively. The league generates MAD 123 million per year in domestic and international television rights. The Botola Pro is the most-watched football league in Africa, broadcasts in 153 territories to 54 million homes and a potential TV audience of 2 billion people[clarification needed]."}
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how many goals were scored by the player born 11/20/1962 ?
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12
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ffac971b645d60de
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_maritime_boundary_treaties', 'title': 'List of maritime boundary treaties', 'header': ['Country 1', 'Country 2', 'Agreement date', 'Treaty name'], 'data': [{'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '4 Jan 1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Convention between Italy and Turkey , 1932', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Convention_between_Italy_and_Turkey,_1932', 'summary': 'The Convention between Italy and Turkey , signed in Ankara on January 4 , 1932 , by the Italian Plenipotentiary , Ambassador Pompeo Aloisi , and the Turkish foreign minister Tevfik Rüştü Aras , settled a dispute that had arisen in the aftermath of the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923 , about the sovereignty over a number of small islets and the delimitation of the territorial waters between the coast of Anatolia and the island of Kastellórizo , which was an Italian possession since 1921 . Through the convention , the islets situated inside the bay of the harbour of Kastellorizo , along with the islands of Rho and Strongili further off , were assigned to Italy , while all other islets in the surrounding area were assigned to Turkey . Moreover , the Italian Government recognised the sovereignty of Turkey over the Aegean islet of Kara Ada ( Greek : Arcos ) , situated in front of the town of Bodrum . In an Appendix signed in December of the same year , the two countries agreed to extend the convention delimiting the sea border between the Anatolian coast and the Italian Dodecanese . This was done by defining thirty five points which were equidistant between Italian and Turkish territory . The validity of the appendix became a political issue in the context of the Aegean dispute in 1996 , after the Imia/Kardak crisis . The Turkish government has rejected it as legally invalid , on the grounds that it was not deposited at the League of Nations in Geneva . This , according to the Turkish view , means that the sovereignty over an unknown number of small islets and rocks in the Dodecanese may be still undefined . However , the validity of the convention itself , with respect to Kara Ada and the Kastellórizo region , is not under dispute .'}]}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '30 Jan 1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Declaration between Sweden and Denmark concerning the boundaries of the Sund', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '29 Nov 1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Descriptive Protocol relating to the sea frontier between Norway and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the Varangerfjord , demarcated in 1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cyprus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyprus', 'summary': "Cyprus ( /ˈsaɪprəs/ ( listen ) ; Greek : Κύπρος [ ˈcipros ] ; Turkish : Kıbrıs [ ˈkɯbɾɯs ] ) , officially the Republic of Cyprus ( Greek : Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , lit . Cypriot Republic ; Turkish : Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , lit . Republic of Cyprus ) , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean , located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , north of Israel , the Gaza Strip ( Palestinian region ) and Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 ( de jure until 1914 ) . Cyprus was placed under the UK 's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them ; while , since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 ."}]}, {'value': 'Greece Turkey United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece', 'summary': "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '16 Aug 1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , the Kingdom of Greece , the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Cyprus concerning the Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Monaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monaco', 'summary': "Monaco ( /ˈmɒnəkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mɔnako ] ) , officially the Principality of Monaco ( French : Principauté de Monaco ) , [ a ] is a sovereign city-state , country , and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe . France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . Monaco is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the state border with Italy . Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 ( 0.78 sq mi ) , making it the second-smallest country in the world after the Vatican . Its population as of 2018 is 38,682 . With 19,009 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 49,230/sq mi ) , it is the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world . Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km ( 3.40 mi ) , the world 's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km ( 2.38 mi ) ( regardless of the coastline paradox ) , and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m ( 5,577 and 1,145 ft ) . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires Ward , which is 161 metres ( 528 feet ) above sea level . Monaco 's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , Monaco 's land mass has expanded by 20 percent . In 2005 , it had an area of only 1.974 km2 ( 0.762 sq mi ) . Monaco is known to be the most expensive and the wealthiest place in the world due to its tax laws ."}]}, {'value': '18 May 1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Exchange of letters on settlement of problems concerning the delimitation of Monegasque territorial waters constituting an agreement relating to article 4 of the Treaty of 17 July 1918 establishing the relations of France with the Principality of Monaco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '10 Mar 1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Kingdom of Norway relating to the delimitation of the continental shelf between the two countries', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '20 May 1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the boundaries of sea areas and of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Finland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'West Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Germany', 'summary': 'West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': '9 Jun 1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 . Agreement between the Kingdom of Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the delimitation , in the coastal regions , of the continental shelf of the North Sea 2 . Protocol to the Agreement between the Kingdom of Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the delimitation , in the coastal regions , of the continental shelf of the North Sea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '8 Dec 1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between Denmark and Norway relating to the delimitation of the continental shelf', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '3 Mar 1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark relating to the delimitation of the continental shelf between the two countries', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '31 Mar 1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf under the North Sea between the two countries', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '5 Apr 1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement concerning the delimitation of the fishery areas of Norway and Sweden in the North-Eastern Skagerrak', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland', 'summary': "Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '5 May 1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the boundary of the continental shelf between Finland and the Soviet Union in the north-eastern part of the Baltic Sea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Yugoslavia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia', 'summary': "The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ) , also known as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia , was a country located in Central and Southeastern Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars . Covering an area of 255,804 km² ( 98,766 sq mi ) , the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west , Austria and Hungary to the north , Bulgaria and Romania to the east , and Albania and Greece to the south . The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics - Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia - with Belgrade as its capital . In addition , it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia : Kosovo and Vojvodina . The SFRY 's origin is traced to 26 November 1942 , when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II . On 29 November 1945 , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II , thus ending the monarchy . Until 1948 , the new communist government originally sided with the Eastern Bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War , but after the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 , Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality . It became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement , and transitioned from a command economy to market-based socialism . The SFRY maintained neutrality during the Cold War as part of its foreign policy . It was a founding member of CERN , the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , OSCE , IFAD , WTO , Eutelsat , and BTWC . Following the death of Tito on 4 May 1980 , the Yugoslav economy started to collapse , which increased unemployment and inflation . The economic crisis led to a rise in ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s and early 1990s ; dissidence resulted among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics ."}]}, {'value': '8 Jan 1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between Italy and Yugoslavia concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf between the two Countries in the Adriatic Sea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': 'Sweden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweden', 'summary': 'Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .'}]}, {'value': '27 Jul 1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agreement between Sweden and Norway concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Germany', 'summary': "East Germany , officially the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German : Deutsche Demokratische Republik [ ˈdɔʏtʃə demoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʁepuˈbliːk ] , DDR ) , was a state that existed from 1949 to 1990 , the period when the eastern portion of Germany was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War . Commonly described as a communist state in English usage , it described itself as a socialist workers ' and peasants ' state . It consisted of territory that was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II - the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement , bounded on the east by the Oder-Neisse line . The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it ; as a result , West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR . The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet zone , while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones . East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union . Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948 , and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949 . However , Soviet forces remained in the country throughout the Cold War . Until 1989 , the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) , though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation , the National Front . The SED made the teaching of Marxism-Leninism and the Russian language compulsory in schools . The economy was centrally planned and increasingly state-owned . Prices of housing , basic goods and services were set by central government planners rather than rising and falling through supply and demand ; and were heavily subsidised ."}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '29 Oct 1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Treaty between the Polish People 's Republic and the German Democratic Republic concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf in the Baltic Sea", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': 'Soviet Union', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Soviet_Union', 'summary': "The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas ."}]}, {'value': '28 Aug 1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Treaty between the Polish People 's Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the boundary of the continental shelf in the Gulf of Gdansk and the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'West Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Germany', 'summary': 'West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': '22 and 28 Oct 1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Exchange of notes constituting an agreement concerning the delimitation of the borderline between Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany in the Flensborg Fiord area', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Germany', 'summary': 'West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '28 Jan 1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Treaty between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf under the North Sea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'West Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Germany', 'summary': 'West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': '28 Jan 1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Treaty between the Kingdom of Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf under the North Sea ( with annexes and exchange of letters )', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Europe', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_maritime_boundary_treaties_3', 'intro': 'This is a list of maritime boundary treaties. Maritime boundary treaties are treaties that establish a specified ocean or sea boundary between two or more countries or territories. These are also called maritime boundary agreements, maritime delimitation treaties, or maritime delimitation agreements.'}
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Between the countries that signed a treaty on 3 Mar 1966 which is larger in total area ?
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United Kingdom
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ffaf8fc7c97cc1cc
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hybridqa
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_by_year_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of best-selling albums by year in the United States', 'header': ['Year', 'Performing artist ( s )', 'Nationality', 'Album', 'Sales'], 'data': [{'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NSYNC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NSYNC', 'summary': "NSYNC ( /ɛnˈsɪŋk/ , /ɪn-/ ; also stylized as *NSYNC or ' N Sync ) was an American boy band formed in Orlando , Florida , in 1995 and launched in Germany by BMG Ariola Munich . NSYNC consisted of Justin Timberlake , JC Chasez , Chris Kirkpatrick , Joey Fatone , and Lance Bass . After heavily publicized legal battles with their former manager Lou Pearlman and former record label Bertelsmann Music Group , the group 's second album , No Strings Attached ( 2000 ) , sold over one million copies in one day and 2.42 million copies in one week , which was a record for over fifteen years . Among the group 's singles , I Want You Back , Bye Bye Bye , This I Promise You , Girlfriend , Pop and It 's Gon na Be Me reached the top 10 in several international charts , with the last being a US Billboard Hot 100 number one . In addition to a host of Grammy Award nominations , NSYNC has performed at the World Series , the Super Bowl and the Olympic Games , and sang or recorded with Elton John , Stevie Wonder , Michael Jackson , Janet Jackson , Britney Spears , Phil Collins , Celine Dion , Aerosmith , Nelly , Left Eye , Mary J. Blige , country music supergroup Alabama , and Gloria Estefan . NSYNC last recorded new material in 2002 . The band completed five nationwide concert tours and has sold between 50 and 70 million records , becoming the fifth-best-selling boy band in history . Rolling Stone recognized their instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time . Justin Timberlake went on to become one of the world 's best-selling music artists , with more than 56 million records sold throughout his solo career ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'No Strings Attached', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/No_Strings_Attached_('N_Sync_album)", 'summary': "No Strings Attached is the second studio album by American boy band NSYNC , released on March 21 , 2000 , by Jive Records . Looking to distinguish their music from that of their labelmates , the band chose to incorporate pop and R & B styles . Prior to the release of the album , NSYNC separated from their management Trans Continental and their label RCA Records ; its title is a play on the idea of independence from corporate control . Contributions to the album 's production came from a wide range of producers , including group members Justin Timberlake and JC Chasez and collaborators Kristian Lundin , Jake Schulze , Rami , Teddy Riley , Kevin She'kspere Briggs , Richard Marx , Veit Renn , Babyface , and Guy Roche . After several delays due to legal battles , No Strings Attached was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics . The album debuted atop the U.S . Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 2.4 million copies , setting the record for one-week sales in the country ; a record that lasted 15 years , until Adele surpassed the first-week sales record in 2015 with her third studio album 25 . Four singles were released from the album . Its lead single Bye Bye Bye is credited with creating the hype for the album 's eventual landmark success . It was the best selling album of 2000 . The band promoted the album by the No Strings Attached Tour , being one of the highest-grossing tours of the year ."}]}, {'value': '9,936,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Linkin Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linkin_Park', 'summary': "Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills , California . The band 's current lineup comprises vocalist/rhythm guitarist Mike Shinoda , lead guitarist Brad Delson , bassist Dave Farrell , DJ/keyboardist Joe Hahn and drummer Rob Bourdon , all of whom are founding members . Vocalists Mark Wakefield and Chester Bennington and bassist Kyle Christner are former members of the band . Categorized as alternative rock , Linkin Park has experimented with their music throughout their career by incorporating heavy metal , hard rock , hip hop , pop , and electronica . Formed in 1996 , Linkin Park rose to international fame with their debut studio album , Hybrid Theory ( 2000 ) , which became certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Their second album , Meteora ( 2003 ) , continued the band 's success , topping the Billboard 200 , and was followed by extensive touring and charity work . Having adapted nu metal and rap metal to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in their first two albums , the band explored other genres on their third album , Minutes to Midnight ( 2007 ) , which also topped the Billboard 200 . Linkin Park continued to explore a wider variation of musical types in their fourth album , A Thousand Suns ( 2010 ) , layering their music with more electronic sounds . The band 's fifth album , Living Things ( 2012 ) , combined musical elements from all of their previous records . Their sixth album , The Hunting Party ( 2014 ) , returned to a heavier rock sound , and their seventh album , One More Light ( 2017 ) , is a more electronic and pop-oriented record . Linkin Park is among the best-selling bands of the 21st century and the world 's best-selling music artists , having sold over 100 million records worldwide . They have won two Grammy Awards , six American Music Awards , four MTV Video Music Awards and three World Music Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hybrid Theory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hybrid_Theory', 'summary': "Hybrid Theory is the debut studio album by American rock band Linkin Park , released on October 24 , 2000 , through Warner Bros. Records . Recorded at NRG Recordings in North Hollywood , California , and produced by Don Gilmore , the album 's lyrical themes deal with problems lead vocalist Chester Bennington experienced during his adolescence , including drug abuse and the constant fighting and divorce of his parents . Hybrid Theory takes its title from the previous name of the band as well as the concept of music theory and combining different styles . Four singles were released from Hybrid Theory : One Step Closer , Crawling , Papercut , and In the End , all of them being responsible for launching Linkin Park into mainstream popularity . While In the End was the most successful of the four , all of the singles in the album remain some of the band 's most successful songs to date . Although Runaway , Points of Authority , and My December from the special edition bonus disc album were not released as singles , they were minor hits on alternative rock radio stations thanks to the success of all of the band 's singles and the album . Generally receiving positive reviews from critics upon its release , Hybrid Theory became a strong commercial success . Peaking at number two on the US Billboard 200 , it is certified 11x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . It also reached the top 10 in 15 other countries and has sold 30 million copies worldwide , making it the best-selling debut album since Guns N ' Roses ' Appetite for Destruction ( 1987 ) and the best-selling rock album of the 21st century . At the 44th Grammy Awards , it won Best Hard Rock Performance for Crawling . In 2002 , Linkin Park released the remix album Reanimation . It included the songs of Hybrid Theory remixed and reinterpreted by nu metal and underground hip hop artists ."}]}, {'value': '4,813,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eminem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eminem', 'summary': "Marshall Bruce Mathers III ( born October 17 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Eminem ( /ˌɛmɪˈnɛm/ ; often stylized as EMINƎM ) , is an American rapper , songwriter , record producer , record executive and actor . He is one of the most successful musical artists of the 21st century . In addition to his solo career , Eminem was a member of the hip hop group D12 . He is also known for collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . After his debut album Infinite ( 1996 ) and the extended play Slim Shady EP ( 1997 ) , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP and its lead single My Name Is . His next two releases The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) and The Eminem Show ( 2002 ) were worldwide successes and were both nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year . As a result of being a leading figure in a form of black music , Eminem was subject to comparisons to Elvis Presley at the time . After the release of Encore in 2004 , which faced heavy criticism by fans and critics for its lackluster quality , Eminem went on hiatus in 2005 partly due to a prescription drug addiction . He released Relapse in 2009 and Recovery the following year , which both won Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album . Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , making it his second album , after The Eminem Show in 2002 , to be the best-selling album worldwide . In the following years , he released the US number one albums The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , Revival , Kamikaze and Music to Be Murdered By . Eminem starred in the drama film 8 Mile ( 2002 ) playing a fictionalized version of himself , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Lose Yourself , making him the first hip hop artist to ever win the award ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Eminem Show', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Eminem_Show', 'summary': "The Eminem Show is the fourth studio album by American rapper Eminem , released on May 26 , 2002 by Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . The album also saw Eminem take a substantially more predominant production role ; most of it was self-produced . Dr. Dre was the album 's executive producer . Due to its less comedic and shock factor lyrical approach , The Eminem Show is regarded as Eminem 's most personal album and revealing Marshall Mathers for the first time . Predominantly hip hop based , Eminem incorporated a heavier use of rock elements in The Eminem Show than his previous records . The album was originally scheduled for release on June 4 , 2002 ; however , pirated and bootlegged copies appeared online via peer-to-peer networks . Interscope Records decided to release the album earlier than planned , on May 28 to prevent bootlegging . However , many stores in the United States began selling it even earlier than the new release date on Sunday , May 26 . Promotional posters in stores read , America Could n't Wait . Regarded as the most anticipated album of 2002 , The Eminem Show debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and stood there for five consecutive weeks . It also reached number one in eighteen other countries . It sold over 1.3 million copies in its second week in the US , where it registered a full week of sales ."}]}, {'value': '7,608,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '50 Cent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/50_Cent', 'summary': "Curtis James Jackson III ( born July 6 , 1975 ) , known professionally as 50 Cent , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actor , television producer , entrepreneur , and investor . Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of the borough of Queens , Jackson began selling drugs at age twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic . He later began pursuing a musical career and in 2000 he produced Power of the Dollar for Columbia Records , but days before the planned release he was shot and the album was never released . In 2002 , after Jackson released the compilation album Guess Who 's Back ? , he was discovered by Eminem and signed to Shady Records , under the aegis of Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records . With the aid of Eminem and Dr. Dre ( who produced his first major-label album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ) , Jackson became one of the world 's best selling rappers and rose to prominence with East Coast hip hop group G-Unit ( which he leads de facto ) . In 2003 , he founded G-Unit Records , signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck , Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo . Jackson had similar commercial and critical success with his second album , The Massacre , which was released in 2005 . He released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition , in 2014 and as of 2019 is working on his sixth studio album , Street King Immortal . He executive produces and stars in the show Power , which airs on Starz . During his career Jackson has sold over 30 million albums worldwide and won several awards , including a Grammy Award , thirteen Billboard Music Awards , six World Music Awards , three American Music Awards and four BET Awards . He has pursued an acting career , appearing in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ( 2005 ) , the Iraq War film Home of the Brave ( 2006 ) and Righteous Kill ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent was ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-best rapper ( behind Eminem and Nelly ) by Billboard ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Get Rich or Die Tryin '", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Get_Rich_or_Die_Tryin'_(album)", 'summary': "Get Rich or Die Tryin ' is the debut studio album by American rapper 50 Cent . It was released on February 6 , 2003 , by Shady Records , G-Unit Records , Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records . After signing with Eminem , 50 Cent also worked heavily with Dr. Dre , with the duo acting as the album 's executive producers , who worked to combine the gangsta rap and R & B combo prevalent in New York hip hop . Additional production is provided by Mike Elizondo , Sha Money XL , Mr. Porter , Rockwilder , Dirty Swift , and Megahertz . The album also contains guest appearances from Eminem , Young Buck , and Nate Dogg , as well as features from G-Unit co-members Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo . Prior to the album , 50 Cent released several mixtapes alongside the Trackmasters on an unreleased album widely believed to be his debut in 2000 . However , after suffering legal troubles and being blackballed from the music industry , 50 Cent found difficulty in securing another major-label recording contract , until he signed with Eminem 's Shady Records in 2002 . Released a week in advance to combat bootlegging and internet leakage , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , selling over 872,000 copies in its first week of sales . The album 's singles also saw commercial success , with both In da Club and 21 Questions reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 , while P.I.M.P . became a number one hit in several countries . Get Rich or Die Tryin ' received favorable reviews from contemporary music critics . The album was the best-selling album of 2003 in the U.S. , and saw critical success , being nominated for Best Rap Album at the 46th Grammy Awards ."}]}, {'value': '6,536,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Usher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Usher_(entertainer)', 'summary': "Usher Raymond IV ( born October 14 , 1978 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor and dancer . He was born in Dallas , Texas , but raised in Chattanooga , Tennessee until moving to Atlanta , Georgia . At the age of 12 , his mother put him in local singing competitions , before catching the attention of a music A & R from LaFace Records . He released his self-titled debut album , Usher ( 1994 ) but rose to fame in the late 1990s with the release of his second album My Way ( 1997 ) . It spawned his first U.S . Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , Nice & Slow , among top-two singles You Make Me Wan na . and My Way . 8701 ( 2001 ) produced the number-one singles U Remind Me and U Got It Bad , as well as top-three single U Do n't Have to Call . It sold eight million copies worldwide and won his first two Grammy Awards as Best Male R & B Vocal Performance in 2002 and 2003 . Confessions ( 2004 ) established him as one of the best-selling musical artists of the 2000s decade , selling 20 million copies worldwide . Bolstered by its four consecutive Billboard Hot 100 number one singles - Yeah ! , Burn , Confessions Part II and My Boo - it has been certified Diamond by the RIAA . Here I Stand ( 2008 ) and Raymond v. Raymond ( 2010 ) both debuted atop of the Billboard 200 chart and respectively produced the number-one singles Love in This Club and OMG ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Confessions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Confessions_(Usher_album)', 'summary': "Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher . It was released on March 23 , 2004 , by Arista Records . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004 , with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri , along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon , among others . Primarily an R & B album , Confessions showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos , incorporating musical genres of dance-pop , hip hop and crunk . The album 's themes generated controversy about Usher 's personal relationships ; however , the album 's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri 's own personal story . In the United States , the album sold 1.1 million copies in its first week . To boost sales amid threats of bootlegging , the special edition for the album was issued , which includes the single , My Boo ; a duet with Alicia Keys . Confessions earned Usher several awards , including the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R & B Album . According to Billboard , it is the second-best selling album of the 2000s decade in the United States , behind Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP . With over eight million copies sold in 2004 , the album was viewed as a sign of recovering album sales in the US , following three years of decline . It was also exemplary of urban music 's commercial peak and dominance of the Billboard charts in 2004 . Confessions has been certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and , as of 2016 , has sold over 10.3 million copies in the US and over 15 million copies worldwide ."}]}, {'value': '7,979,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mariah Carey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariah_Carey', 'summary': "Mariah Carey ( born March 27 , 1969 or 1970 ) is an American singer , songwriter , record producer , actress and entrepreneur . Referred to as the Songbird Supreme by the Guinness World Records , she is noted for her five-octave vocal range , melismatic singing style , signature use of the whistle register , and songwriting prowess . She rose to fame in 1990 after signing to Columbia Records and releasing her eponymous debut album , which topped the U.S . Billboard 200 for eleven consecutive weeks . Soon after , Carey became the only artist ever to have their first five singles reach number one on the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 chart , from Vision of Love to Emotions . Carey achieved worldwide success with follow-up R & B and pop albums Music Box ( 1993 ) , Merry Christmas ( 1994 ) , and Daydream ( 1995 ) . These albums spawned some of Carey 's most successful singles , including Hero , Without You , All I Want for Christmas Is You , Fantasy , Always Be My Baby , as well as One Sweet Day , which later became Billboard 's Song Of The Decade ( 1990s ) . After separating from Mottola , Carey adopted a new image and incorporated more elements of hip hop into her music with the release of Butterfly ( 1997 ) . Billboard named her the country 's most successful artist of the 1990s , while the World Music Awards honored her as the world 's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s , and the best-selling female artist of the millennium . After eleven consecutive years charting a U.S. number-one single , Carey parted ways with Columbia in 2000 and signed a $ 100 million recording contract with Virgin Records . However , following her highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown , as well as the critical and commercial failure of her film Glitter ( 2001 ) and its accompanying soundtrack , her contract was bought out for $ 50 million by Virgin and she signed with Island Records the next year ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Emancipation of Mimi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Emancipation_of_Mimi', 'summary': "The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey , released through Island Records on April 12 , 2005 . The Emancipation of Mimi was considered Carey 's comeback album by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade . In composing the album , the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004 , including Jermaine Dupri , Snoop Dogg , Twista , Nelly , Pharrell Williams , and James Big Jim Wright , many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks . Carey opted to use her personal nickname 'Mimi ' in the title , revealing a more intimate side of the singer , as seen in the album 's declarative theme of emancipation from her personal and commercial setbacks . Although it has similar vocal production to her previous works and an inclination towards her signature ballads , the album encompasses dance-oriented and uptempo styles in keeping with its celebratory motif . Critics noted the theme of independence and lack of restraint , dubbing the album a party record . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career at the time , selling over 404,000 copies in its first week . It entered in the top five on the albums charts in Canada , Denmark , France and Japan . The Emancipation of Mimi was the best-selling album of 2005 in the US , and the second-best seller worldwide , with global sales of 10 million copies . It 's Like That became one of her highest-charting songs in years , reaching the top twenty in several countries . We Belong Together accumulated 14 weeks at number one in the US , and was later hailed song of the decade by Billboard . It reached number one in Australia , number two in New Zealand , and achieved top-five positions in several European countries ."}]}, {'value': '4,968,606', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Soundtrack', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'High School Musical', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_School_Musical_(soundtrack)', 'summary': 'High School Musical is the soundtrack of the Disney Channel Original Movie of the same name . Recorded in five days , it was released on January 10 , 2006 , and became the best selling album of that year , having sold more than 3.7 million copies in the US and 7 million copies worldwide . As of January 2016 , the album has sold 5 million copies in the US , making it the best-selling TV soundtrack since 1991 when Nielsen SoundScan started tracking music sales .'}]}, {'value': '3,719,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Josh Groban', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josh_Groban', 'summary': "Joshua Winslow Groban ( born February 27 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , and record producer , who is known for his unusually dusky tenor voice . His first four solo albums have been certified multi-platinum , and he was charted in 2007 as the number-one best selling artist in the United States , with over 22.3 million records . As of 2012 [ update ] , he had sold over 25 million records worldwide . Groban originally studied acting , but moved to singing as his voice developed . Groban attended the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts , a free public school on the campus of California State University , Los Angeles , where students receive a conservatory-style education . David Foster called Groban to stand in for an ailing Andrea Bocelli to rehearse a duet , The Prayer , with Celine Dion at the rehearsal for the 1998 Grammy Awards . Rosie O'Donnell immediately invited him to appear on her talk show . Foster asked him to sing at the California Governor 's Gray Davis ' 1999 inauguration . He was cast on Ally McBeal by the show 's creator , David E. Kelley , performing You 're Still You for the 2001 season four finale . In 2017 , he made his Broadway debut as Pierre Bezukhov in Natasha , Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 , to critical acclaim and a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical nomination . His performance at the 72nd Tony Awards earned him two Primetime Emmy nominations , one for Outstanding Live Variety Special and one for Original Music and Lyrics for the song This One 's for You . Groban co-starred as Tony Caruso Jr. in the Netflix original series , The Good Cop ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noël', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Noël_(Josh_Groban_album)', 'summary': "Noël is a Christmas album and the fourth studio album by Josh Groban that was released on October 9 , 2007 . In the United States , the album is available as a single CD release in most retail stores . However , Target stores released a limited edition version of the album with a bonus DVD that features a making of documentary entitled The Making of Noël . [ citation needed ] According to Nielsen SoundScan , the album sold 3,699,000 copies in 2007 after its release , making it the overall best-selling album in the US for all of 2007 . It was also the best-selling holiday album in 2008 , with sales of 915,000 copies . As of October 2015 , the album has sold 5.8 million copies in the United States according to SoundScan , making it the second best-selling holiday album in the US in the Nielsen SoundScan era ( March 1991-present ) behind Kenny G 's 1994 holiday set Miracles : The Holiday Album . According to Billboard , Noël is the second best-selling classical album of the 2000s decade in the US , behind Groban 's own Closer . On August 14 , 2017 , Noël was certified Sextuple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , recognizing shipment of six million copies in the United States . On October 12 , 2017 , Groban announced a tenth-anniversary deluxe edition , released on November 3 . It includes six songs not featured in the initial release , including four new recordings ."}]}, {'value': '3,699,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lil Wayne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lil_Wayne', 'summary': "Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. ( born September 27 , 1982 ) , known professionally as Lil Wayne , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , record executive , entrepreneur , and actor . His career began in 1996 , at the age of 13 , when he was discovered by Birdman and joined Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label . He joined the southern hip hop group Hot Boys , with Cash Money label-mates Juvenile and Turk , in 1997 , who became popular following the release of the album Guerrilla Warfare ( 1999 ) and the Bling Bling . For many years , Lil Wayne was the flagship artist of Cash Money Records , before ending his long-tenured deal with the company in June 2018 . Lil Wayne 's solo debut album Tha Block Is Hot ( 1999 ) was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . He reached higher popularity with his fourth album Tha Carter ( 2004 ) , as well as with his appearance on the song Soldier with Destiny 's Child that same year . The album was followed by Tha Carter II ( 2005 ) , as well as several mixtapes and collaborations throughout 2006 and 2007 . Lil Wayne gained more prominence with his sixth album Tha Carter III ( 2008 ) , which became his most successful album to date , with first-week sales of over one million copies in the US . The album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and included successful singles Lollipop , A Milli and Got Money . Following the success of Tha Carter III , Wayne decided to record a rock-influenced album titled Rebirth . In March 2010 , Lil Wayne began serving an 8-month jail sentence in New York after being convicted of criminal possession of a weapon stemming from an incident in July 2007 . His eighth studio album I Am Not a Human Being ( 2010 ) was released during his incarceration , while his 2011 album Tha Carter IV was released following his release ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tha Carter III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tha_Carter_III', 'summary': "Tha Carter III is the sixth studio album by American rapper Lil Wayne , released on June 10 , 2008 , by Cash Money and Universal Motown . It follows a long string of mixtape releases and guest appearances on other hip hop and R & B artists records , helping to increase his exposure in the mainstream . Amid release delays and leaks , Tha Carter III became one of the most anticipated releases of 2008 . It is widely regarded as one of Waynes best projects . The album debuted at number one on the U.S . Billboard 200 chart , selling 1,006,000 copies in its first week . It reached sales of 2.88 million copies by the end of 2008 and produced four singles that achieved chart success , including the international hit Lollipop and Billboard hits A Milli , Got Money , and Mrs . Officer . Upon its release , Tha Carter III received widespread acclaim from music critics and earned Lil Wayne several accolades , including a spot on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . It has been certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . Tha Carter III features appearances from Jay-Z , T-Pain , Robin Thicke , Busta Rhymes , and Kanye West , among others . It also features Static Major , who is credited posthumously following his death in February 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2,880,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Taylor Swift', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Swift', 'summary': "Taylor Alison Swift ( born December 13 , 1989 ) is an American singer-songwriter . She is known for narrative songs about her personal life , which have received widespread media coverage . At age 14 , Swift became the youngest artist signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house and , at age 15 , she signed her first record deal . Her 2006 eponymous debut album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s in the US . Its third single , Our Song , made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . Swift 's second album , Fearless , was released in 2008 . Buoyed by the pop crossover success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me , it became the US 's best-selling album of 2009 and was certified diamond in the US . The album won four Grammy Awards , and Swift became the youngest Album of the Year winner . Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album Speak Now , which won two Grammy Awards and was her first to debut with over a million copies sold in the first week in the US . Her fourth album , Red ( 2012 ) , yielded her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together . For her fifth album and first all-pop project , 1989 ( 2014 ) , she won three Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year , and became the first woman to replace herself at number one on the Hot 100 , with the singles Shake It Off and Blank Space . Her sixth album , Reputation ( 2017 ) , made her the only act to have four consecutive albums each sell one million copies in their first week in the US , while yielding her fifth Hot 100 number-one song , with Look What You Made Me Do ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fearless', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fearless_(Taylor_Swift_album)', 'summary': "Fearless is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . The album was released on November 11 , 2008 , by Big Machine Records . Swift wrote most of the songs during the time when she was promoting her self-titled debut studio album performing as an opening act for other country artists . Of the 13 tracks on the standard edition , eight were solely written by Swift , and the other were co-written by Swift with Liz Rose , Hillary Lindsey , Colbie Caillat , and John Rich . Swift also made her debut as a record producer , co-producing all songs with Nathan Chapman . A country pop album , Fearless incorporates elements of crossover pop that commentators found appealing to a broader , mainstream audience . It incorporates acoustic instruments such as banjo , fiddle , and guitar in its production , and lyrically depicts Swift 's perceptions of her romantic relationships . The album received generally positive reviews from critics , who commended Swift 's songwriting ability resulting in radio-friendly songs . The most awarded album in the history of country music , Fearless won Album of the Year at the Grammys , the Country Music Association Awards , and the Academy of Country Music Awards . The Grammy for Album of the Year made Swift , then 20 years old , the youngest artist to win the award at the time . In the US , Fearless spent 11 weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was the best-selling album of 2009 , making Swift - 18 at the time of the album 's release - the youngest artist to have the best-selling album of a calendar year . The album is certified diamond by RIAA and has sold 7.18 million copies ."}]}, {'value': '3,217,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '2000s', 'section_text': "Linkin Park 's Hybrid Theory album was the best seller in 2001", 'uid': 'Best-selling_albums_by_year_in_the_United_States_5', 'intro': 'This is a list of the best-selling albums by year in the United States. Billboard magazine began publishing year-end lists for album sales in 1956. Until 1991, the Billboard album chart was based on a survey of representative retail outlets that determined a ranking, not a tally of actual sales. Weekly surveys and year-end charts by Billboard and other publications such as now defunct Cash Box magazine sometimes differed. For instance, during the 1960s and 1970s, the number-one album as determined by these two publications differed in 10 out of 20 years. From 1992 onwards, the Billboard year-end and weekly charts were calculated by Nielsen SoundScan. Note that this slightly differs from prior Billboard year-end album charts, which were a measure of chart performances over twelve months from around December to November (cutoff determined by Billboard´s publication schedule) rather than actual total sales.'}
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What was the debut album of the artist with the lowest sales figure ?
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Tha Block Is Hot
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